- 7.51 MB
- 72页
- 1、本文档共5页,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,可选择认领,认领后既往收益都归您。
- 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细先通过免费阅读内容等途径辨别内容交易风险。如存在严重挂羊头卖狗肉之情形,可联系本站下载客服投诉处理。
- 文档侵权举报电话:19940600175。
':...寸.巧游h嗎麵?泉M靠J謂画背f續爲('、’'’、寺的私小个V;.hi斯:?戶V:〇‘‘‘气'.."^..’;,巧;.5,'/巧子4:4>i/-.r^/皆f,技t<—1、'*译巧古、、>H祀、汽其V-c,4若以'''..'.,'^一*.‘‘''r、.'尸:卢:.^尸.>冷,人卢rV:^若汽学化化文…-^‘、、\''?';'";’'-.*'.二-,.;/J批.,:、I。、去、*Lr/.方V;;^,..?*’*'.■?*'一**'-寺!????-■.'??、,./、?*?';2—fN.s产八t,一/!?占‘fc、、.'. ̄、.‘、,、;‘..^ ̄^';:^巧v-六,':vx二义,1户U':义知追々务-—,’::义V!义.:r苗奇fProjectReportonthe疑方SubtitleTranslationofDocumentary'-xTittletattleofuaniCountrsideofGgy|KGua打xiTelevisiong;1沁r广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》;M這心?.:/達臺該裹.字幕翻译项目报告;義/塔K遣’一’.V二於试麻茹AV、,t钱豁'?'■■--.:;..^;..VV1:.1:^;;jSJ.i;,\’ ̄'’、、:若^'"^.'.、卢-‘;和>;:}裘謀癸护药轉?顧'?..K纖鐵巧女營嘉宁W學績細W'祥.’.'、.':进.1?:;巧饼轉尸>成节,X,V璋;?'.’.’、.f-.,'‘^.’‘.式,-.j^;.心.y.:’巧诉於、/.作'馬4;言、■;:’,’公‘-'.:;护■;>、V^V包:换V记:护/■八公女,l/.紫净山v银—心‘、-.、勒;丫討.成中所:豁在记赴诚緣化\巧終种.,、师聲私铅.和巧教rrML續:v席乂.?汽:游第hVv巧穿滅记键纖K/媒K—'-.’'、''’.、?‘'-入.卢少:;-f;^乂,占C二.;中巧、,;n巧如,V乃一等,五年六月.,:津V.與,飼可V某9吗,:苗;名...’.V-,—;裝靴拜远te苗,.,赫;梧爭满V款’’..'i起宅气V3^雖心皆乂京接巧祭誇I'^-.‘-?.'..>.-.,,..心一.,-'rv也三、六/、>化/次,叮計夺。边户
分类号HO巧密级公开UDC翻译硕±学位论文ProjectReport:ontheSubtitleTranslationofDocumentaryTittle-tattleofuangxiCountrsideofGyGuanxiTelevisiong广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告管嘉宁学科专业英语口译指导教师黄建凤教授论文答辩日期2015.5.17学位授予日期2015.6.30答辩委员会主席蕊招凤教授
ProectR)〇rtonthejqSubtitleTranslationofDocumentaryT-ittletattleofuangxiCountrsideofGyGuanxiTelevisiongAReportSubmitted化theForeinLanuaesColleeofGuanxiUniversitgggggyhiPartialFulfUImeiitof化eRequirementsfortheDereeofMasterofTranslationandIn化rretingpgBGuanJianinygUnderSupervisionofProfessorHuangJianfengJune2015
广西大学学位论文原创性和使用授枚声明本人声明所呈交的论文,是本人在导师的指导下独立进巧研究所取得的研究成果,论文不包含任。除已特别加W标注和致谢的地方外何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的研究成果,也不包含本人或他人为获得广西大学或其它单位的学位而使用过的材料一。与我同工作的同事对本论文的研究工作所做的贡献均已在论文中作了明确说明。本人在导师指导下所完成的学位论文及相关的职务作品,知识产权归属广西大学。本人授权广西大学拥有学位论文的部分使用权,即:学校有权保存并向国家有关部口或机构送交学位论文的复印件和电子版,允许论文被查阅和借阅,可W将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索和传播,可W采用影印、缩印或其它复制手段保.存。、汇编学位论文本学位论文属于;□保密,在年解密后适用授权。>21^保密。"">(请在[^^上相应方框內打/)论文作者签名?名./户;日期;指导教师签名;日期:作者联系电话:电子邮箱:
AcknowledgementFirstof扯Iwouldlike化紛ressmsincereratitude化mdearsupervisor,pygyProfessorHuangJianfen.Withoutherhelandrofessionalinstruction,Iwouldnotgpphaveaccomplishedsormidiastoday.Ihavelearntplentyofexpertiseandliving-ihilosohfromherdurinmtwoearstudinGuanxUniversity,ppygyyygaedaven-ImalsoblesstohMr.HxiaYonianasmofiFcamxissuervisorwhoggqgypp,-hrecommeiuiedme化servethe2014ChinaASEANMininCooerationForumwichgp,fir-ever-vidleionwasmystexerienceasaliaisoninterreterforahihleelforegnegat,ppgandthiswoulddefinitelybethereciousmemorinmlifeforever.Thouhhewaspyygw-nsbusithhisworkMr.Huanstillsaredhisafterworktime化iveustutoriallessoyygpg,forwhichIfeltreallyrateful.gMierethankslso化Ms.frGiysncago.ChenMinandMsLiYufeiomtheuangxInternationalGxpoAfairs良也巧扣I5whokindly过cccptedmeas狂trainee,offeredmevariouschances化translatediferenttypesofdocumentsandaveme腿efiilfeedbacks.gIamluckytosathatthetranslationexperienceIaineddurinminternshipattheyggybureaulas汪vitalrolein&ecomletioiiofmyproectandthisreort.jppypIwouldalsoavailmyselfofthisopportunity化thank姐thefacultymembersoftheCollegeofForeignLanguagesofGiiangxiUniversity,fortheirprofessionalism,assionandhardwork.Theexerienceandwisdomth^assedonmewillabsolutelpppyhave-ualonlasnefeconmcareerandfuureifegtigtcomintl.pygLastbutnotleast,mythanksgotomyfamilymembersfortheirlove,supportandpatience,\^chavemecouraetoconerallthedifiSculties.DuringmystudyinggquNanningGuanxiIhadthefelicittohavemroommateandmclassmatesasm,g,yyyyMendswhomademylifemorecolorfulandinterestin.gi
广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻谭项目报告摘要广西化族自治区不仅拥有山水美景,更有许多十分珍贵的非物质文化或手工技艺等待我们去探索了解、传播传承。作为国内外观众了解广西民俗风情的重要一一载体之,广西电视台精也制作了部大型纪录片《乡村拾遗》,向观众朋友们介绍广西独有的风±人情和手工技艺,蕴含浓厚的民族特色。该纪录片配有同期中文旁白、受采访者原声及相应的同期中文字幕,但对于外国观众而言,若没有译文字幕的帮助。那么译文质量好坏自然也影,想要了解该纪录片内容有较大困难"一响着国外观众观看及理解效果。来自英国第四频道的字幕翻译专家摩根曾说过一部好的字幕不能搔救一部糟糕的影片一部好,但部质量低下的字幕肯定会毁了"影片。(Morgan2001:161)因此,译文字幕有其独特的重要性。,一本文是篇中译英翻译项目报告,翻译项目原文来自于笔者参与翻译的广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗》的中译英字幕翻译材料。该项目总共有20044字,分为上下两部分共7集内容、。笔者负责上部分10000字,主题分别为刺头、弹棉花儿时的美味与传奇百鸟衣。该报告主要探讨此类翻译材轉如何做好译前准备,,文本类型和功能的分析在相关理论指导下于翻译过程中灵活合理运用各类翻译策略和技巧,并通过审校确保翻译质量。在译前准备中,笔者首先根据原文的功能、目的和受众确定译文语言风格,并W纽马克的文本分析理论作为翻译过程的理论支撑,采用其提出的语义翻译、交际翻译的翻译方法与字幕翻译常巧的缩减法等翻译技巧来处理翻译一难点。通过分析典型案例,进步阐释如何运用翻译方法与技巧。最后,对该翻译项目进行反思与总结。笔者希望此报告可W为翻译学习者带来灵感和启发。关键词:字幕翻译;交际翻译;语义翻译减法;缩
ProectReortontheSubtitleTranslationofDocumentarjpy-TittletattleofGuanxiCountrsideofGuanxiTelevisiongygABSTRACTAs-adocimientaiytheTittletattleoGuanxiCountrysideofGuaniTelevision,fggxhelseolefromhomeandabroadtounderstandGuanxibeter.Itisaositivepppgppublicity化promotetheimageofGuangxiinthefieldoftourism,economicdevelopmentreionalcustomsandculture.GiventheChinesesoundbiteandChinese,gsubtitl的,thoseforeignaudienceswillprobablyhavedificultiesinunderstandingthedocumentarywithoutEnglishsubtitles.Morgan,aBritishsubtitletranslationexpert''jfromChannel4oncesaidaoodsubtitlecouldnotsaveanawfiilfilmbuta,g,-ubtMorlowualitysitlewouldabsolutelyruinaoodone(an,2001:161).Thereforeqgg,subtitletranslationofhighqualitycanundoubtedlypromoteublicit.py-TheCh-aineseEnglishprojectoriginatedfix)mthedocumentaryTittletttleofGuangxiCountrysideofGuangxiTelevisionconsistsoftwoparts,20,044wordsofChin的echaractersintotal.Theauthorw犯巧spons化leforPartI,10方00Chinescharactersoffoureisodes:haircut,fluffingcottondelicaciesofchildhoodandthep,legendofbirdfeathereddress.Th-isreortmainlconsistsofthe仿llowinartsnamelretranslationpygp,y,prearationanalsisofthetextdiferentcoinstrateiescombininithrelatedpp,y,pgggw*theories,proofreadingandevaluation.UndertheuidanceofNewmarksTextTologypgy,copingstrategies,such批communicativetranslatioiijsemantictranslationanddeductionwereapplied化dealwiththedificultiesappearin虹thisroect.Theauthorgpjhopesthatthisapercanrovidesomeenlihtenmentandinsirationforherfellowppgpractitioners.pKeords:SubtitleTranslationommunicativeTranslationSemanticTranlationyw;C;s;Deduction巧
Contents.........................—**...!Acknowledement..........................^............................-....—.-g.........*...............................................***—iiChineseAbstract............................................................^...*—iiiEnlishAbstract...................................................g................................te.—........?…??"??1Chapr1TaskDescription............???????????1eof化ex1丄NaturTet2ask31Prearation.TpChater"..5p2TranslationProcedure.","".""."2.1.TheTranslationStrategiesandMethods52l.2.TheFormationoftheTranslationStye7?…??????化rtesCiTati.?…......???9Cha3CaseSudiesandRp说tiveopngccs…—....p39.1.Deletion3.2.Condensation103.3ductiveParahrasin12.Repg3.4SemanticTranslation153.5.CommunicativeTranslation18terost-transatChap4PlionSummaryChater......*...................*..................*..........*.....—*...23p5Conclusion....^............................——.*...........Bibliogra.....................................................*...........—25phy...............AppendixISourcet.........AendixII...............*.*.**....*43ppTranslationTex..............................................................—.......—???64Aendix面WorkCertificate.."""""""".??…....??…....—................???????pp....
广西大単专业硕女学化论文广巧电视台纪录净《乡村拾近上p>字幕巧译巧目报吿(Chaf:er1TaskDescritionpp1.1Na化reof化eTextTheTittle-tattleoGuanxiCountrsideatarmadebesonsdocumenGuanxiTleviiify,yg,gyentrustedtotheauthor化translate也eChinesesubtitlesintoEnglishones.Itisaimedatrecordi打g化elivel化oodandcraftsmanshipofGuangxipeopleandpromoting化ecultureofminoritrousinGuangxi;〇theoutsewor.encecumenaofkndhesygp!idldHdotrthisilp,ypeoplefromhomeandabroad化understandGuangxibeter.ItisapositiveublicitytoppromotetheimageofGuangxiinthefieldof1;ourismeconomicdevelomentreional,p,gcustomsandculture.Since打oteveryfbrdgnau出enceunderstands化esourcelanguage,qualityofsubtitleinthetargetlanguaewilldeeplyaffecttheirunderstanding.Giventheg仿*Chine化soundbiteandChinesesubtitleieignaudienceswi化0山化eassistanceof化e,,Enttlishsubtilerobablcannotcomrehendtheinsandoutsofthedocumentaraall.g,pypyTheb*mrefiesubtitletranslationofhihualitismoKthaniortant.,gqypPeterNewmark,averysignificantcontemporarytranslatio打化eorist,divides化eftinctionoflanuaeintosixcateoriesi.e.exressivefiinctio打informativefunctionvocativeggg(p,,ftmctio打,phaticfunction,aes也eticfiinctionandmetali打gualflmction)onthebasisof'^Hredecessoistheories.ebelievesthattextofantecouldhaveoneormorefunctionsbutpyyp,"oftengivespriority化oneofthem.Newmark2001a:40)definesthecoreoftheinformative(flinctio打liesinexternalcontextessenceofa化icandotherexternalmatersincludin^p,g,,mreportedideasortheories.Thateans也einformativeftinctionattachesmoreimportanceto"thetruth.Theemphasisofexpre巧ivefimctionisthespeakerthewriterandtheoriinatorof,g;,",*theuteranceNewmark2GGla:39.While哨lecoieofvocativefunctio。istheaddressee,)("(Newmark,2001a:41).Newmark(2001a:42)holds化eviewthatfew化xtsarepurelyexpressive,informativeorvocative:mostincludealtthreefunctions,withoneemphasisover,the0化献.’A-translatorsfocusvariesinthetranslatingprocessaccordingto姐ferent1;exttypesand1
广西大學专业硕古学位论文广酉起视台纪录市《身材讼近(上)〉>字幕翻译项目报舍"fimctio打S.Subtitletranslationis0打eofthetexttranslations.Subtitleis江rintedstatementorpdialoguefragmentappearingonthescree打betweenthescenesofasilentmotionpictureoraearinasatranslationat化ebottomof化escreendurin化escenesofamotio打ictureorppggp",televisio打showinaforeig打language(MerriamWebstersCollegiateDictionarytenth"editio打Snfield199775.tnawordstttrtet:Accordin化Oxforddiciorhaanslawhaisprig,)gy,sanaimmoveino江dere打lanuaeandaearonthescreenahebotom.idifl/itiftggppttSubtitlesarealsousedeseciallontelevisio打toheldeafeolexfordAdvanced,py,ppp(O^LeamersEn-esearslishChinDiction2005:1763..Jakobon1971:261oncedividedthegy,)()subtitletranslationinto3kinds:intralingualsubtitle,interlingualsubtitleandintersemiotic"translationInralinualtranslationorrewordinisarocessi打ranslain也esamelanuae.tggpttggg,,intoanotherformyakobso打1971:261.Toutitsimleintralinualsubtitletranslationis,)pp,g化transfbrm化esokenlanguaeintothewritenversionofthesamelanguae.Gotliebpgg2005-ualsubtitletranslationintofourkinds(:4fiirthersubdivided化eintrali打namel)g,y,diachronictranslationdialectaltranslation出amesictranslationandtranslil;eration.In,,practice,sourcelanuaewillbetranslatedintotaretlanuaefirstandthenthetaretggggg,glanguagesubtitlewillbesynchronizedwithimaes.Thetaretsubtitlecanaearwiththeggppsourceoneatthesametimeoritcanaearonlbitself.Totranslatethesubtitleof,ppyytt-tattxttTileleouaniCountrysidetherocessoesthrouhwostaes.FirstishefGg,pgggintra-linualstaeinwhichthokenfotternesChinesewastransrmedinohewrittenvsio.Ingg,pstaetwoheauthorranslaedhevrie打versionintonlishGolieb994:101reardsttttAtE.t1g,g()g""thistransforminrocessasdiaonaltranslation.gpgSubtitlehastechnicalconstraints.Guardini1998:97ointedoutthatthetwotechnical()p",,constraintsofsubtitlingaretimeandspaceofpresentation,[bo化]impo%过bytheoriginal.Due1:0CO打straintsoftimeandspace,theprimaryKquirementofdocumentarysubtitle,whichisdiferentfromotiiertesoftranslationistodeliverthemostrelevantinformatio打intheyp,mo巧efectiveway(Li,2001:39).Targetlanguagesubtitleshave化deliverasmuchinformationasposs化leincorrespondinwiththeoriginalones.Besideseverli打eoftheg,y,subsn-titlecaonlystayfor23seco打dso打thescree凸foraudie打ceseasyscanning.Ifthe2
广巧大単专业硕古単位论文广西电钱含纪巧净《《巧抢送上?单幕颗巧巧目化舍()sentenceswere化0lonorcomlicateditwouldhaveneativeinfluencesontheaudience.gp:gThus--simleclearandeastounderstandwordsandsentencesarevitalforsubtitle,p,ytranslation.Afterre-translationanalsistheauthorcametorealizethatthistranslationroectpy,pjld-shoubeclassifiedasinterlinualsubtitletranslationwithinformativefunctionandvocativegfunctionasitsemphasis,sincetheuroseofthedocumentaristorecord化elivelihoodandppycraftsmanshipofGuangxieoleandtoromotethecultureofminoritroupsinGuanxi.pppyggAsa巧suitmortionshouldbeaid化realiandfacticiofheanslaio.Andeaentthettttrtn,pyytheau化orneededtocautionherselftodothetranslationinanaccurate,clearandsimplem二anner;.1.2TaskPreparati畑aerThistrnslationroectisrovidedbGuanxiTelevision.WhattheauthorandhpjpygpartnerneedtodoistotranslatetheChinesedocumentarysubtitleintoEnlishones.Thegwholeroectcontains20044wordswhichisdividedintotwoarts.Theauthorisincharepj,,pgofPartIincludin!0000Chinesewords.Takinthecontentslevelofdificultofthe,g,g,ycontextandthetimescheduleintoconsiderationtheauthorandherartnerdecidedtofinish,pthewholeroectwitiiin2months.Thecheduleofthetaskislistedasbelow:spjDateTaskExpectedoutcomes-nNovember2014Pretranslatiocormnimication:Firstdraft,Introductionontheurosecontenttextpp,,typeandsinificanceoftiieroectgpj;Labordivision,December2014TeamdiscussionFinalversion,;Revisionandexamination.Beforestartingtranslation,theauthorreadtheChinesesubtitletextforseveraltimesandascertainedtheEnglishexpressionsforsomeeorahicalnames,terminologiesandnewggp3
广西大輿专业硕古学化论义广巧电规台纪录斧《多材給巧上?李蔡巧带巧目化舍()wordswiththehelpoftheIntemetjonlinedictionaryandelectronicdictionar.Besides,theyauthoralsohad汪discussionmeetingwithherartner化fiureouttheurose,content,textpgpptypeofthisroectandmakethelabOTdivisio打?Afterthemeetintheauthormanaedtopjg,gfetchoutsomedocumentsasheruidinreferencesggLiChanshuan009饼statedi-/齡r幻//is/诚thataralleltsldbgnthe巧Zwtexcoue口)pservedasreferences,withsimilarorrelevantcontentsofthesourcetextWiththehelpoftheparalleltextjthetranslationprocesswouldbemucheasierandfaster.However,aftersearchingtheInternetforseveraltimes,theauthorwasstillunabletofindanyparallelte邱whichundoubtedlyincreasesthedificultforthetranslationtask.Inconseuencetheauthoryq,startedtotranslatethisbrandnewdocumentaryallbyherselffromtheverbeginning.Inyordertoguaranteethequalityofthistranslationtasktheauthordecidedtoadot江,p--whThreelevelroofreadinichwillbeexlainedindetailinChater4.Threelevelpg,ppproofreadingmeansthreebilinualreadersorEnlishseakerswillreviewthetranslationtextggp化improvethefaithfulnessandaccuracyofthetranslation.Theauthorbelievesthatwithcarefulexaminationandroofreadintheualitofthetranslationversioncoxildbeushedpg,qyptoahigherlevel.4
广西大学专业巧古单化论文广西电巧合纪清布?參材拾达(上)》李幕巧译巧目报吿Chap化r2TranslationProcedure2.1TheTranslationStrategiesandMethodPeterNewmarkroosestwostrateiestosetledifers打ttranslationroblemsi.e.ppgp,SemanticTranslationandCommunicativeTranslation.Newmarkbelievesthatfaithfiilnessto化eoriginaltextand化thetranslationversionisnot孤irreconcilablecontradictioninfactas,^longasweobserve化fromanotherersective,diverencesbetweenthemare打otashueasppgg-itsees化beLiao2001:189.Forthisreasonheadoted江shafiureillutratethem(,),pVpedg化sdivergencesbetweenthetranslationmethodsmentionedaboveNewmark2001a:45.(,)SLemphasisTLemphasisWord-for-rdwotranslationAdaptationLiteraltranslationFreetranslationFaithfiiltranslationIdiomatictransitionSemantictranslationCommunicativetranslationF-romtheaboveVshapedfigurewelearnthatliteraltranslationandfaithfultranslation,aresubordinate化semantictranslation,where犯communicativetranslationpossessesthe"化St山ctfeatoesoffieetramlationandi出omatictranslation.Commentingonthesemethods,Ishouldfirstsaythatonlysemanticandcommunicativetranslationfiilfillthetwomainaims,,oftranslationii过firsccur:hiswiiaretaracandsecondeconomNewmak2001a64.In^jy,,y(,)"book月es化Tham/oftVwNewmark2001b:44statesthatsincetheoverridinfactorj,却()gindecidinghow化杠anslateistheintrinsicimortanceofeversemanticunitinthetextitpyjfollowsthatthevastmaoritoftextsrexiirecommunicativeratherthatsemantictranslation.jyq"Whileontheotherhandanimortantstatementreuires江versionasclosetotheoriginaljypq,,lexicalandrammaticalstructuresasisobtainableNewmark,2001b:44).Thereforeg(,semantictranslationismoreoftenusedtotranslatetextsrelatedtothoughts.Whilecommunicativetranslationisadoptedfortextswithmoreemphasisoninformation.Newmark5
广西大単专业硕古単位论义广苗近视台毋录布《乡村洽送上?字幕顆译项目报吿()200la:67alsoremi打dsreadersthatwouldliketorouinformativeandvocativetexts()gpn,,hgetherassuitableforcommunicativetraslation.Fromthispointofviewwecansathata,ylargeroortionoftranslatio打isdoneunderthetheorofcommunicativetranslation.ppy虹hisbookof7hms7如/〇口,Newmark001b:39setscleardefinitio打sfor如;口)"semantictranslationandcommunicativetranslation.Semantictranslatio打atemptstorender,ascloselyasthesemanticandsyntacticstructuresoftheseco打dlanguageallow,theexact^contextualmeaningoftheoriinal/Communicativetranslationisdifferentfromthesemanticg"translationinthewaythatitatempts化produceonitsreadersanefectasdoseaspo巧化le,,to化atobtainedon化ereadersof化eoriinalNewmark2001b:39Communicative(.g,)translationhihlihtsmoreo打theefectofcommunication.Itreuiresthetranslationversionggq'tobefluentidiomaticandeastounderstand.Tothise打dtranslatorsneed化usecommon,y,wordsandhrasesorridthemselvesoftheoriinalstructureofthesourcelanuae.Whilepgggsemantictranslationhas化convey化emeani打gof1:heoriginal把xtpreciselyandkeeitspuniquefeatures.Withthatbeingsaidsemantictranslatio打andcommunicativetranslatio打are,notoosi1:e化eachotiberinsteadtiiearehihlcomlementai.Translatorsortranslationpp,yy,gyppractitionersofte打applysemantictranslatio打andcommunicativetranslationinonesingle化xt."Newmarkmos-wri(2001b;44)statedinhisbooktnonliterartinournalism,,yg,jinformativearticlesandbookstextbooksreortsscientificandtechnoloicalwritinand,,p,gg,,publicity,comprisetypicalmaterialsuitableforcommunicativetranslation.Healsostated"origi打alexpression,wherethespecificlanguageofthespeakerorwrkerisasimportantasthecontentwhetheritishilosohicaloliticalscientifictechnicalorliterarneeds化be,,,pp,p,y""translatedsemanticaNewma:aosatmororanttheoinally(rk,2001b44).Thtistyheeimtrigl,p化xtisthemorereciseitshouldberansated,ptl.,Under也euidanceofNewmarks化eor化eauthorbelieved化at化eessenceof化egy,originaltextdecidesthetranslationmethodshewouldlike化adopt.Thatmeans,somesentenceswhicharee打rossedwiththouhtsandlivin-hilosohneedtedt:obetransla,gggppy,wteoofmanttonrih化化ersetictranslationwhileasfbrse打encesfbrcommunicaio化ey,,6
广酉大単专业硕女学位论文广西电视台纪录蛛《今村抢遗上》字幕翻诛项目报舍()杜anslationmethodswillbeusedflex化lb化6authory.yItiswidelyacknowlededthatsubtitlehastobesnchronizedwi化theoriinalsound.gygWhendealingwithsubtitletranslation,translatorshave化taketheconstraintsoftimeandsaceintoaccount.Thustheoftenadotsimli打catio打anddeductiontodelivertherimarp,ypyppormainideasofthetext.Becauseofthelimitsoftimeandspace,deductio打isoftenemployedforsub巧detranslation.Intheactualracticefortranslationtranslatorscouldadotdeductionp,pasthecopingmethod.Heredeductioncanbesubdividedintocondensation,reductivearahrasinanddeletio打Li2001:39.TheauthorwillUlustrateitindetailinChater3.ppg(,)p2.2TheFormationofranne化eTslatioStylSubtitlesaresentencestaggedonthebotomofthescreentohelpaudienceunderstandwhatthemotionpicture,1;elevisionshowordocumentaryispresenting.Forthe扣/e〇/Gw。内Cow口加esubtitleintaretlanuaeisindisensablewi化outitforei打audience,gggp,如,ghasnochanneltofigureout化econtentor也econnotationof化eprogram.aard-LarsenNederg1993:212holdstheoinionthatsubtitleisawrittentextora()pcondensedtranslationoftheoriginallanguage.Therocessofmakinsubtitlecanbedividedpgintothreestesnameldeliveroftheinterlinualinformationsimlificatir,yonop,yg,pconcentrationoftheassaesandconvertin1:hesokenlanuaeintothewritenone.Thepggpggttttrtttelaterwofeaturesmakesubileanslaio打difere打tfrom0化erranslationracices.Unlikptranslatio打ofnovelsortextbooks,subtitleofadocume打taryisirrevers化le,becauseitwill打ashacrossthescree打inashorttime.Hence,peoplecannotreversebacktoscansentencesanardn1tettteesenatonmeotesubeis(Qi2000:62.Guii998:98poindouhathprtitifhtitl,)()dictatedbythedurationoftheuteranceintheoriinalversio打andthereadinseedoftheggpviewersasthesubtitles打eedtobereadableevent;oslowreadershealsomentionedthatthe();visualinformatio打givenon化escreen,whichalso打eedstobeperceivedclearlyby化eviewer,andtheeditingstyleadoptedin也efilmwouldhaveefectonthepresentationtimeof化esubtitle(Guardini,1998:98).Thetranslatorhast;ominimizetheposs化lelossofinformation.7
广窗大単专业巧古単位论义广巧电视合纪录朱《多巧洽通(上)》字幕巧巧巧目报吿Besidestranslatorsalsoneedtomaximizethedeliverofmess^^eandensurethereisenouh,ygtimefortheaudiencetoreadthroughthesubtitleis.cord-Acingtothepretranslationanalysisweottoknowthatsubtitletranslatio凸is,gascertained化beaccurateconcisefluentandeastounderstandbecausethetaretsubtitles,,y,ghavetoconveyostoftheimortantinformationinaccordancewiththeoriinalsoundinampgshorttim氏Thus,comparedwithothertypesoftranslation,subtitletranslationismoredificultforitstimeandspacelimitationZhen201h76.Generallseakinaudiencesonlhave2(g,)ypg,yto3seconds化lanceovereverlineofthesubtitle.Ifthesentenceswere化〇lonortoogygcomlicateditwouldhaveneativeinfluenceonheinstantcrehesionofheudien.tomntacep,gpThereforeinordertoavoiddistractionthereshouldbetwolinesofEnlishandonelineof,^gChineseeachtimeatmost.Otherwise化omudiofthe化levisionscreenwillbecovered.,Besides,theChinesecharactersperlineshouldnotexceed13,becausetoomanyChinese^wordswilldilutetheaudiencesattentionOu1991:337.Thuswordsthataresimle(,),p,conciseandeasy化understandwouldbereferredforsubtitletranslation.Lessarenthesispp,participialconstructionandsubordinateclausewouldbesuitablein汪bid化achievebeterunderstandinoftheaudienceLi,2001:39.g()8
广苗大棠专业硕古嚳位论文广巧电视台纪录蛛《多村拾巧(上)》字幕翻译项自报吿Chapkr3CaseStudiesandRespectiveCopingTac村CSNormalltheurosefeatureandKaderofthe1;extdecidewhichtranslationmethody,,pp’shouldbeadoted7-xz;tp.The7?/e放"/eo/(7w幻wgCow内知庇is过documentarythatKcordshe的livelihoodandcraftsmanshipofGuangxipeopleandromotesthecultureofminoritrouspygpinGuangxi.Moreover,subtitletranslationhasitsowndistinctfeatures;化etranslatorshould,Ataketheaudiencesneedsanddificultlevelofthetextintoconsideratio打■s过ruley,translatorsneedtochoosecommonsimleandconcisesentencestoexressmostofthe,pp,information.B过sedon化eanalysisandNe\vmarks化eoiy,化eauthorwasmanagedtofiuregoutsomecopingstrateiesandskillsfbrthistaskwhichwillbedisclosedasfbllows.g,3.1DeletionDeletio打is过translationskiUadotedwhentheoriinalinformationisinsignificanttopgtheconitiveactivitoftheaudiencewithinlimtedtimeandsace.Ifthetranslatorfindsthegyipnformatio打thatmetanensetittiisredundantaninlessandleastimorth/shecachoooomi,gp,(Li,2001:39).I打otherwords,whe打adopti打g化emethodofdeletion,theauthorshouldensurewhetherthesentencesaresuitablefbrthisskillornotbased0打化erincileofrelevance.虹appnutshell,forthesakeofsavingmoretimeandspace,sentencesthatarelessimportantor,tttttKdimdanwouldgiveway化hosehighlyrelevant化heaudiencesCO呂nkiveaciviy.Consequently,deletionwouldbewidelyusedinsubtitletranslation.Example1:天下之大,饿不死手艺人。这句千古名训,富含着中国人勤劳生存的深层哲理一一。特殊的技艺,通常是父传子、子传孙、子子孙孙代代传下去。周敬容就是从父亲那里学到了手工弹棉花的技艺。Rendition1:Thebigworldhasnocraftsmanstarvingtodeath.Thisoldsayingembodiesthe-tttindehhilosohofheChineseeolewhohavehrivedbhardworkin.Somepppypp,ygspecialcraftsmanshipisnormallypasseddownfromthefathertothesonandthenext,tt-generaionsustfollowsuit.Zhouleamtthehandmadecotonflufin1:echniuefromhisjgq9
广巧乂輿专化硕古学tt论文广西巧视台紀录片《冷好洽送(上)?李幕巧译项目报吿rfathe.Intheaboveexample,deletionisusedtoremovesomeusel的sandredundantw"一一information(Li2001:39forinstance父传子、子传孙、子子孙孙代if,),,代传下去,theauthortranslateditin过directwaythetranslationversionwouldbetedious.Thusthe,"au化orreferstheeneralizedversionoffromthefathertothesonandthenextenerationspg,g,,teustfollowuitadelshartofsentences.sndeterestjpExamples:杆洞屯村民罗莱光:很重要的,这个百鸟衣好像臥前,好像我们过节颗、踩堂啊逸样子,如果你没有的,就不好意思进堂只能在旁边看送样子。这个传起来呢,也是好像你妈妈,留给你的女儿。你女儿作妈妈了呢,还留给女儿,这样子的。Rendition2:LuoRongguangavillaer:Thisdressisveiimortantdurinsome(g)ypg,festivalsandontheDayofDancingandSinging,ifsomeonedoesnthaveone,he/shewillbeembarrassed.He/she卿onlystandon化esideandwatch化eothers.Thisdressishandeddownjfrommothertodaughter."Likewise,thesentenceofexample2这个传起来呢,也是好像你妈妈,留给你的女"儿。你女儿作妈妈了呢,还留给女儿,送样子的istwospokensentencesthathavethesamemeaning.InaccordancewitiitheinstructionofLiYunxing(2001:39),somerepeatedorredmdantinfomationCO加beomited,therefore,theauthordecidedtodeleteonesentence""你女儿作妈妈了昵,还留给女儿,这样子的andonlytranslatedtheformersentenceinpursuitof江clear,conciseandshortsentence.3.2Condensationitleasmuneouweae-monotarSubthtoappearsiltaslyiththimgtiofthedocumeny.Audiencesoftenhaveone化severalsecondstosinkintheinformation.化isnotnecessaryforsubtitle化stayonthescreenfor化oloninavoidanceofreeatedreadinCintas,2008:95*gpg()BartrinaandEspasa005:95alsoointedout化at化esubtitlenormallstasfor2化3口)pyysecondsonthescreen.Presentationtimeofthesubtitlelargelydeendsonitslenth.pgAsaresxiltcondensationisawisechoiceforsubtitletranslationeseciallforthose,,py10
广巧大单专业巧女学巧:论文广巧巧满合巧活斧《多材拾进(上)》车幕々巧巧曰报々longandtedioussentences.HerecondensationmeansthatthetranslatoronltranslatestheyessenceormainideaoftheoriinaltextLi2001:39.g(,)Examples:弾棉工序最安全,最省力的就是牵纱线。牵纱是为了固定弹好的棉花;一一根牵纱杆子,抛出根根纱线,两个人搭档,由纲至目,纲目交错,把整方棉花网状般均匀而密密歴匯地双面封个严实。反endition3:Thesafesitartis化flufthecotonandthemostlaborsavinartistopgpstretchtheam-y.Stretchinamisforfixintheflufifedcotton.Yamstretchinolewillbegyggpused化throwoutyams;twoartnerscancoverthewholecotonevenlyanddenselywithpyamsintwosidesfromhorizontal化erendiculardirection.pp""虹thisexampleiftheauthorcomleteltranslatedthesentence由纲至目,纲目交错,py,thetranslationversionwouldbeundoubtedlycomplicatedandlong.Besidesthat,thereisno""""conceptof纲目inwesternculture.Hencetheau化orhas化exlainwhatis纲目化the,paudience,whichundoubtedlywilltakemoretimeandoccupymorespace.According化Bartrina孤dEspasa005:95therearenormall2化3secondsforeachlineofsubtitle口),y,obectivelleavinnosaretimeforextraexlanationonthecomlicatedetnotverjygpppyy-巧."importantinformation.Searingthisinmindtheauthoronltranslatedtheterm由纲至目,jy"‘"纲目交错into巧omhorizontal化erendiculardirection.Chineserefersreeatedwordspp,pp""likewhichoremin密密歴歴,actualmeaninisdense.Stheauthoployedcondensationg"translatingthesentenceof两个人搭档,由纲至目,纲目交错,把整方棉花网状般均匀而密密歴歴地双面封个严实Examle4:p【字幕:糖画艺人鄂小刚】我们现在是一种回忆性的甜其实现在很多食品比糖好吃大把吃但是我们的也态包括巧很多顾客他就是一种回忆性的味道回忆小时候的那种甜蜜蜜那是一种生活的回忆11
广西乂単专化巧古単位论文广西电视台巧隶净《多村拾通上》字幕巧巧巧目报吿()一也是种对我们童年的回忆。Rendition4:Thiskindofsweetisthememoryofmanypeople.Actuallmuchmorefoodtastebetterthansuarnow.ygButmostcustomers,includingme,aremissingthesweetnessofourchildhood.Oneimportantprincipleofsubtitletranslationisrelevance(Li,2001:39).Tobemorespecificinorder化savemoretimeandsacetheauthorhas化removesomeoftheirrelevant,p,andsuerfluousinformation.Examle4istheexressionofasuarartisitdurintheinterview.pppgg"一虹化issentence但是我们的也态包括我很多顾客,他就是种回忆性的味道,回忆小,"一一d时候的那种甜蜜蜜.Wecanfin,那是种生活的回忆,也是种对我们童年的回忆manreeatedwordsandhencetheauthor沈〇〇化Sthemethodofcondensationformoreyp,,conciseetcomrehensiverenditions.ypExample5:时代变迂,岁月更迭,这件百鸟衣已经是广西境内现存最老的百鸟衣了。它也自然而然地成为了现在苗族百鸟衣制作的蓝本。Rendition5:Astimepas化Sbythisbirdfeathereddr的Sbecomestheoldesitonein,Gu-ani.NaturallitisreardedastheoriinalversionfordressmakinoftheMiaoPeole.gxy,gggp"The时代变迂,岁月更迭inexample5isoftenseeninChinese,becauseChinesepeoplerefertousefour-characpterexpressions.Howeverthesetwoexressionsstandforthesame,p‘-meanin化-g.AsHuangYouyi口004。9saidebesttranslatio凸isnotwordforword),”translation,butreprocessingtheChinesieinlinewiththethinkinhabitsofforeinaudiences.gg""s江resuleaurendeavorese化oassesbouAtth也od化依阻latintastimepy.Thghthetranslationversionisnot犯oeticastheoriinalversionthemaininformationisconveedin;pgythesimpleandclearwa.y3.3ReductiveParaphrasingReductiveparaphrasingis化translateorparaphrasethecoremeaningoftheoriginaltextthroughshortersentencesandcommonlyusedexressionsLi,2001:3.Whenencounteringp(却12
广苗大単专A项女単位论文广巧电视台纪清井《今巧抢或(上)》李幕翻译巧目报吿abstractorcomKcatedsentencestranslatorshave化ealternativeto站ahrase化eminap,Pplainmannero打seuentl也eaudiencecanunderstand化6informationeasil.Reductivep.Cyq,yarahrasi打isuitediferentfromcondensatio打anddeletionbecausetheauthorhastoshiftppgq,herfocusonexplainingtheimplicationsofthetexti打steadofdeletin呂orcompressing化Here,theauthorpickedoutseveralexamplesforanalysis.一一Examples:在南宁水街的条巷子里,李阿婆也在做着自己的营生,这些条条从--鑛贊上滚落的胖乎乎的条状物,用,就是南方人喜爱的小吃粉虫。粉虫的做法很简单一磨好的生米縣源合定比例的熟米粉,,均匀揉撞成团在高低错落的鑑贊底部梢上少许上环形花纹一生油在毅贊上磋验面团,这样,W方沾底,,印来,条状的米粉看起来像""极了虫子,所臥老百姓把它称为粉虫。Rendition6:GrandmaLiearnsherlivinginonealleofShuiieNannin.Thesechubbyyj,gstripsrollingdownfromthewinnowingfanareoneofthefavoritesnacks.Itiscalledworm-shaedricenoodlebeoleinSouthChina.Themakinrocessisvereas.Firstlpyppgpyyy,mixi打gthemilledrawriceflourwithproportionalcookedrice幻our,andevenlykneadingthemintoaas1:e.Secondlyourinsomeunboiled0。onthebotomofthewinnowinfanin,ppggcase化epastesticksto化ebotom.The打kneading化epaste0打化ewinnowingfantoimprintr-tBinlikeaterns.dointhisthericestrilookslikewormvermuchthusitwinsthegpyg,,pynam-eofwormshapedricenoodle.">"粉化isafbodnameinChinese.If比eauthortranslatedthisChinesenameintoSour"-r-noseewormbwordfowordtranslatio打itwillmakenseto化eforinaudience.Subtitley,g"w,,illflashacrossthescreeninashorttimeLi2001:39conseuentlforeinaudience(,),qy,gmaygetconfusedo打theunfamiliarinformationwithi打limitedtime.Thusreductive,",,"arahras-ppingwasadopted.Theauthorchose化paraphrase粉虫intowormshapedrice"",,noodlebyadoptingcommonlyusedexpression(Li,2001:39),whichismorevividandeas化understand.BdoinsoaudiencescanettheconnotationofthisChineseexressionyyg,gpwi化out出eslihtestdificulty.gEx一一ample?:扯棉,也叫擦棉,这是加工旧棉胎的第道工序,使用的工具是块布,,,满铁钉的木板炉头,固定约六十颗铁钉将棉花与铁钉摩擦扯掉旧棉胎原有的纱线13
广酉大単专业硕古単征论文广酉毎视台纪录皆(〈乡巧洽近(上》实幕翻译项目报吿)拉散棉的纤维,使之变得蓬松;棉絮承受着拉力,最大限度地撕扯开棉的纤维。艮endition7;Flufingcoton,alsocalledrabbi打gCO打on,isthefirstprocedureofmakingoldcoto打wadding.Thecraftsmanusesaboardshovel打xedwith60ironnails,化mbtilecottonsoastopullofftheoriginalyamsandmakethefibrelooseandfluffy.Thecottonfibrebearsthete打sileforcethat化arsapartthe贷bretothelargestextent..TheoriginaHextofexample7iscomposedofseveralsegments.Tomake化esentence"moreCO打ciseandneat,shortersentencesareused化translateorarahrasethecoremeaninppg"""—oftheoriginaltext(U,2001:39).块布满铁钉的木板f产头,固定约六十颗铁钉in""—example7couldbetranslatedas块固定有60颗铁钉的木板护头aboardshovel打xed(with60ironnails),inthisway化esyntacticstructurecouldbemoreneatandorderly.Using",,""化ehrasesoas化化revealtherelevancebetwee打thesegments将棉花与铁钉摩擦p"andhhoasoarase扯掉旧棉胎原有的纱线,拉散棉的纤维,使么变得蓬松Teautrlhradpp""""thesentence拉散棉的纤维,使么变得蓬松bytheadjectives松散与蓬松化shortenthesentences.Examles:调弓,非常讲究技巧,必须有数年的弹棉经验,才能掌握弓弦的松紧度,p一。懷拉琴样,弦要调出标准如果弓弦太松,弹棉时力度不够,弹不开棉花;弓弦太紧,""击打时震动的幅度小,与棉花的接触面不够,行话叫做不缠棉。民enditio打8:Adustingabowstrinishihldemandin.Onlthecraftsmanwhohasjggygyyearsofexeriencein打ufincotoncanhaveaoodcontrolonthetihtnessofthepgggbowstrin.Similar化theviolinsetinthebowstrinalsohasitsownstandard.Ifitweretoog,ggloose,theforceofthebowstringwouldnotbeenoughtoflufthecotton;conversely,ifthe"bowstrinwereU)〇tiht化ebeatinareawouldbesmall.Orwecallitnotable化entanlegg,g,g,,化ecotonintermino.logyAboveistherevisedversionoftranslation.Iftheauthortranslatestheparagraphbyfaithfultranslatio打theversio打wouldbeas抗llows.,Adjusting江bowstringishighlydemanding.Onlyseaso打ed0打escantak己goodcontrolofthetightnessof化Thisissimilartolaintheviolinsetinthebowstrinalsoneeds化setpyg,ggstandard.Ifthebowstringweretooloosethentheforceofflufinwouldnotbeabletofluff,g14
广西大単专业硕古学位论文广西电视合纺录井《今村拾达(上)》字幕翻译项目化告theC0行0打converselifthebowstrinweretootihtwhenbeatinthebowstrinthe,,;ygggg,vibrationranewouldbesmallwhichwi";resuhinlessCO打tactareaswithcoton.Thearong,jg''''calleditnotabletoentanlewithcottong.Sentencesshownabovearemorecomlicatedandlonerhoweverthesubtitlecanonlp,yg,stayo打thescreenforashorttime.Theaudienceshave打otimetoreadthroughthesentencesand*carefiillslowlian2000:62.Unlikebookieadersau出encesofthisdocumentaryyy(Q,),cannotturntheme巧agebackwardforbeterunderstandi打g.Bearingthisinmind,theauthoratemtstoensure化ecohesio打andcoherenceof也einformatio打andmakesthesentencesp,shortandeasytounderstand.Inthiswayaudiencewouldacuiremoreinformatio打with,qslightesteffort.3.4SemanticTranslationTheTtt-tttittsectilealeofuangxCounrsideconsisof7eisodeswithdifferentsubs.GypjThelistedexamplesareselectedfromtheepisodesofFlufingCottonandLegendoftheBird火口从ergJ办esx仍wMCo巧0。ismainlyaboutthesecializedtechniuesandequiment.撕gpqpZegent/办6扣illustrateshoweolelivinin化6mountainsmakeuseofppg'ece化enaturalIsours化makebeaut航Idress.tSemanictranslationattempts1:0render,ascloselyasthesemanticandsyntacticstructuresofthesecondlanguaeallow,theexactcontextualmeaningoftheoriginalgNewmark2001b:39.Ashisdefinitionindicatesinaccordancewihthemeaninofthe(,)tt,gtargetlanguageandsyntacticstructuresthetranslatorshouldreroducetheinformationofthe,poriinaltextasaccurateasoss化leneverthelessnoteuivaentLanuaeof过semanticgp,ql.ggtranslationoftenrequiressohisticatedanduncommonexressionsbecauseitfocuses0打化epp,con-tentsoftextinsteadofexaminintheauthorsuro化Newmark2GGlb:3969.Hencehigpp(,)thetranslationprocess,theauthorshouldfocus111〇化0打reproducingthecoremassageandtechnicaltermsoftheoriginaltext.Meanwhile,shealsohastokeeptheoriginalsyntacticstructures,whichisshowninthefollowinexamles.gp15
广巧大単专化硕古学位论文广西起视苗纺录序《身村拾迅(上)》单幕翻译项目化吿Example9:弹棉花既考验师傅的体力,更考验师傅的技巧。在弹棉的过程中,掌握弹弓的左手腕,不断进行幅度小而有力的平衡游移,把握;而右手持硝的连续击打牛筋节奏,,让,均衡力度,上下颤动弹松棉絮棉花纤维无法缠绕在弓弦上,这被认为是最一眼有功力的师傅,让人高看。Rendition9:Flufingcoton打otonlychallengesthecraftsmanofhisphysicalcapacity,butalsohis1:echnique.Duringtheprocess,也elefthand,byholdinabow,doestheowerfulgp---whnonstoandlevelwaverininasmallerraneiletherihthandwi化beetlebeatson化epgg,gbeeftendonconstantly,controllingthepace,balancingtheforce,risingandfallingtoflufthecotto打,也us化ecottonfibrewouldnotwraparound化ebowstring.Thiscraftsmanwillbeconsideredas化ebe巧.Inthisexamletheauthormanaedtokeetheoriginalsemanticandsntacticp,gpy""structuresasmuchasossibleForinstancesheusedthetermnotonl...butalsotoresent.p,yp",,theoriinalloicalrelations.Besidesshealsousedthelefthandandrihthandasthegg,gsubect化fbllowtheChineseversion.Shealsoatemtedtotranslatethejp''--tfourChinesecharacerexressionsintocontrollintheacebalancintheforcerisinandpgp,g,g’,faUingtofl地化ecotton?虹thisway,化eauthortriedtokeep化ebeaut侃1rhythmof也eoriginalChineseintheEnglishversion,1:0achievetheefectthatsemantictranslation"attemp化化renderwhichisasclo化lasthesemanticandsntacticstructuresofthesecond,yy,,languageallowNewmark:200化:39.(,)Example10:凤村的弹棉与中国许多地方大不同。凤村人发明了坐式弹棉花,把棉一花铺在干净的地面上而不需木板或高台,,,无需背着弹弓吃力游走而是方沉木支着一条坚初的老竹竿,富有弹性地悬挂着弹弓,弹棉师傅优雅地坐在沉木上,左手掌握弹一一,LJ弓右手抢着木槛l连,轻松地弹棉,可:续击打个小时而不需歇息;张大弓大跨度地覆盖了整方棉堆而不需频繁移动,省力高效,蕴藏着凤村人的智慧。民enditio打10:Fluf!打呂coto打inFe打gcunVillageisprettydiferentfromthatof0化ernTh--ttttplacesiChina.eycreatedthesitinand打ufinmehodoavehecoto打0打hecleanggplandinsteadofwoodblockordais.Bdoinsothedonotneedtowalkaroundwhileyg,ycarrinaheavbow.The1:oolsare化6deadwoodandtenaciousbamboooleonwhichaygyp16
广巧大学专业硕古単位论义广酉电视合紀录命《多巧拾送上?单幕翻译巧目报吿()bowishanin.Craftsmanwouldraciouslsitonthedeadwoodholdin也ebowontheleftgggy,ghandandwoodbeetleontherihttes.g.TherocessofbeainwilllastforonehourwithoutartpgThelarebowcancoverthewholeareaofcottonhencethecraftsmandoesnotneedto,g;isiilhidihmovefreuently.Bydongomuchenerssavedwheteeficiencsimrovewhcq,gyyp,embodiesthewisdomofFengcunvillagers.Example10isselecl;edfromtheepisodeof仍w奶巧各化Themainuroseofthispp-eisodeistoresenthowsmartthesittin-andfluffmmethodisitisalsomadetoppgg.Besides,singhighraiseofFencunvillaers.AswecanseefromtheoriinalChinesesubtitle,pgggsentencesarecombinedtogetherwithonlyonesubectwhichisticalinChinesewritin.j,ypgTodealwiththissentence,thetranslatorneedstobreakthemdownandaddmoresubjectstounveil1:heloicalrelatio打s.However,excetforthischane,nothinelsewasaltered,ingpggordertoconduct也esemantictranslationm她odreroducintheexactcontextualmeanin,pgg"oflttt;heoriginalascloselyashesemanticandsy打tacticsructuresofhesecondlanguage"allow(Newmark,200化:39).Example11:百鸟衣,又称芦望衣,它与当地苗族人的生活息息相关,在融水已经有上千年的历史。传说从前人间没有鼓,每年都要爬天梯到天上去看拉鼓。天神为了免一除人们的辛劳就把面鼓赐给了人们。可是天神在从天上放下鼓的过程中,不小也将鼓一起帮助人们找到了鼓掉落到了悬崖里。当时被苗族誉为百鸟之王的白杭鸡就号召百鸟。从此,苗族人把白色的羽毛装饰在衣服上,W纪念和感谢百鸟的帮助。Rendition11:Birdfeathereddress,alsocalledLushengdress,iscloselyrelatedtothelivesofthelocals.ItboastsahistoryofthousandsofearsinRonshuiCounty.Itwassaidygthatinheasttherewere打odrumsi打themortalworldhumanshadtoclimbladderscalledtp,,(TiantiinChineset;owatchthedrumshow.Godgavehumansadrumasai托soast:orid)gthemofclimbin.Butdurintheroce巧ofivinthedrumfromheaventothemortalwoiidggpgg,Godaccidentallydroedthedrumintoaclif.TheMiaoeolereardedBaihanchickapppp呂呂(kindofchick)asthekingofthebirdsatthattime.Itwashimthatconvenedbirdstohelphumans化findthedrum.Thereby化eMiaoeoledecoratedre巧withwhi化feathe。化,ppcommemoratethehelpofthebirds.17
广巧大単专化巧古単?tt论义广西电巧含纪清々《多材拾进(上)?单幕宿巧巧目报告Examle11isselectedfromtheepisodeofLegendoftheBirdeathereddresswhichpf,mainlygivesanaccountofhowitsnamecomesfrom.According化Newmark口001b:5S),"originalexpression,wherethespecificlanguageofthespeakerorwriterisasimportant出thecontentjwhether化isphilosophical,religious,political,scientific,technicalorliterary,"needs化betranslatedsemantically.Conseuentlundertheuidanceofthesemanticqy,gtranslationtheauthortranslatedthesourcetextandaveabriefexlanationonTiantiand,gpBaihangchick.3.5CommunicativeTranslationCommvmicativetranslationatempts化produceonitsreadersanefect泌closeasposs化letothatobtainedonthereadersoftheoriginalNewmark2001b:39.Inanutshell(,),efectof化etranslationversiononthetargetaudiencesho山dbeequivalenttothatoftheoriginaltext,whichissubtitletranslationallabout.Example12:弹棉花的好手,酉然在弹弓上弹不出优美的旋律,却可W弹出动人的节奏一。弹弓响起的时候,就是师傅显本事的时刻。每位弹棉师傅都有自己的独口技艺,自己的也得。经验老道的师傅,只听弦音,便知功夫的深浅。Rendition12:Althoughaoodcraftsmancannotlaabeautifulmelodonthebowhegpyy,canroducesometouchinrhthm.Whenthebowrins,化istheshowtimeforhisskills.pgygercoon-flufEncraftsmanhasEvytthisownspecialskillsandexerience.Soundofthestringpgcantellwhethersomeoneisexperiencedornot."Communicativetranslationaddres说sitselfsolely化化esecondreader,whodo的notanticipatedificultiesorobscuriti扮andwouldexect江eneroustransferofforeinelements,pgg"intohisowncultureaswell犯hislanguagewherenecessary(Newmarkj2Q01b:39).For""instance,功夫的深钱inexample12is泣uniqueexpressioninChinese.Asfor社liscase,theauthoradoptedthemethodofcommunicativetranslation.Andshed说idednot化explain"’’"’’what功夫浅深is虹theabovementionedexample,forthereasonthat功夫inthis^''exressionisdefinitelynotKunfuwhichiswidelknowninthewesternworld.Takinpg\yg18
广巧大學专业项古学化论文广巧电视台纪录井《多村拾进上》字幕翻译巧目报告()^''thelimitedtimeandsaceintoconsiderationtheauthorickeduexerienceornofasitsp,pppequivalencewhichmakesthetranslationeasiertounderstandforforeinaudiences.,gExample。:坚守还是离去?考验着周敬容。他眼下还舍不得放下弹弓,他弹了几一一,,手艺的温暖和自己的价值,十年的棉花生的骄傲和快乐,就在张弹弓上,弹棉就是他的人生。Renditio打13:Tocarry0打ortoivethatisauestio打toZhou.Atresent,heisstillg啤,qpunwillintostoflufincottonashehasbeendointhatforseveraldecades.Flufincottongpg,ggfillshislifewithrideandhainessandembodieshisexertiseandhisownvalue.Flufingppppcotonisallhislifeabout."Languageofacommunicativetranslationisusuallybriefandeas.Commo订wordsarey"oftentrttSL20039-emloed化anslaecomlexanddificulwordsintheNewmark1b:69.pyp(,)"Intheaboveexamle13thesentenceof,他弹p,他眼下还舍不得放下弹弓了十几年的棉"一,生的骄傲和快乐lacksofcohesionbetweeneach花,手艺的媪暖和自己的价值""",’segment.Therealmeaningof舍不得放下弹弓isunwilling化sto日ufincoton,ifpg""",,theauthordirectltranslated舍不得放下弹弓intounwillin1;outasidethebowitygp,"wouldbecomecmsTheaurefers化convertluy.thor他眼下还舍不得放下弹弓,他弹了p""一化十几年的棉花,生的骄傲和快乐,手芝的温暖和自己的价值不愿意离开这个凝"anranslatethe结了他几十年的也血,骄傲和快乐,手艺的温暖和自身价值的行业dt""""sentence弹棉就是他的人生intoFlufingcotonisallhislifeabout.Ex一ame14:、pl每逢四、走号结尾的日予是燕响乡的巧日。如今,乡村道路越来趟便利,从村里到县城,,已经是说走就走的旅行,所人们已经不需要像过去那样赶巧曰采购大量的生活用品。但是街天赶衙是人们多年的习惯,就算不需要买什么,也乐得来逛逛。Renditio打14:Everydatee打dingwkh1,4or7isthefairdayofYandongTownship.Now,,roadsmakeeoleslifemoreconvenient.Henceitiseasfortheruraleoletoo化thepp,yppg,countywhenevertheylike.Peoplelivi打gintheruralareadonthavetobuyalotofdailynece化tesatattit-toniiimeonhefar.Yetoinshoi打onhefairdasis江lonimetraditi;,ggppgygtheylovet;owalkaroundeventhouh化ehavenourchasindemands.gypg19
广巧大単专业巧女単tt论文广西起视合纪录序《多巧於途(上)》字幕奋译巧曰报舍"Theauthortranslatedthesentence乡村道路越来越便利,从村里到县狐已经是说巧"走就走的旅行basedontheme化odofcommunicativetranslatio虹.Here说走就走的旅w^行implicatestheroadconnectingruralareaandthecountymakeseoleslifemucheasier.pp化wouldbeverconvenientforvillae巧tooaround.Communicativetranslationwhenygg,raicedarainedisverhelfulforheauthorovercomeheoccurrindiflBculiesctndenttott.pg,ypg"Insummarthereareoftensectionsinonetextthatmustbetranslatedy,。("communicativelandotherssemanticall(Newmark,2001b:40).Infactthereisnooney,y,communicativenoronesemanticmethodoftranslatinatex ̄heseareinfwidelgttacty巧overlappingbandsofmethods(Newmarkj2001b:40).虹practice,wecanoftenobservethat"江transioncanemoreoresssemant—moreresscomcaive ̄evenalatblicolmunit,,,,。particularsectionorsentencecanbetreatedmorecommunicativelyorlesssemanticallyNewmark2001b:40.Thatis化sathereisnoclearlimito打theexactercentaeofhow(,)y,pgmuchthecommunicativeorthesemanticmethodshoxildbeemployed.Still,theyhave"obviousdiference,ingeneral,acommunicativetranslationislikelytobesmoother,simpler,clearer,moredirect,moreconventionalconformintoaarticularreisteroflanuae;,gpggg,。neri-tendin化undertranslatei.e.化usemoreecholdalltermsindificultassaesg,g,pg''(Newmark,2001b:39);Comparedwiththecommunicativetranslation,asemantictranslationtendstobemorecomplex,moreawkward,moredetailed,moreconcentrated,andpursuesthe^thht-ththourocessesraerantheintentionofthetransmittedNewmark2001b:39gp(,),"therefore化tendstoovertranslate化bemoresecificthantheoriinaltoincludemore,,pg,。meaningsinitssearch拓ronenuanceofmeaning(Newmark2001b:39.,)20
广西大学专业硕古學化论文广西电视台纪景朱《乡村拾巧(上)》字幕翻课项呂报告Chater-4PosttranslationSummarpyGenerallyspeaking,thequalityofsubtitletranslatio打hasadirectinfluence0打theaudienceanditalsodecidesthemakeorbreakofthewholetranslationtask.Toensureher,"translatio打isingoodquality,theauthorhastomakeevaluatio打onit.Translationcriticismisane巧entialhnkbetweentranslationtheoryanditspractice;itisalsoane打joyableand"nstructveexercseNewmarkla:neof1;heuroses1;oconducranslationiii200184.Ott(,)ppcriticismistoimprovethetranslationualit.Tothisendtheauthorfollowedthefourstesqy,poftri200l1-t化己ritintranslaioncticismroosedbNewmarka:86189:firsistoanalzewgppy()yu,roseandfunctio打oftheorii打altext.Seco打distoanalzethetranslatorsinterretationppgypo打thepurposeoftheoriginal1:ext,thetranslationmethodsandreaders.Thirdstepistocomparesometypicaltranslationexampleswiththeoriginal化xt.N扮tistojudgethetranslationversionfromtheerspectivesoftranslatorandcriticizers.pToconducttranslatio打criticismNewmark200la:185statedinhisbookthata,()transatonmabeevaluatedterevs巧emoedthermortetransato打comanliybyhiplybyfihlipy,theheadofsectionorofthecompanyorthedientitcanalsobeevaluatedbthe;yprofessionalcriticofatranslationorthe1:eachermarkingoneorthereadershipoftheublishedwork.pThu*stheauthorinvitedherclassmatesandaforeign巧过(161toconductthefourstepsof,translationcriticismasthetranslationevaluationrocedurefromthefollowinthreeasects:p,gpse-lfexaminationaccuracexaminationandexaminationofidiomaticexpression.Tobemore,y-mttttwoofherct化hesecificafterselfexainaiontheauhorinviedlassmaesrechecktp,,translatio打1;exttomakesureinformationoftheoriginaltextwasconveyedcompletely.This-rocesswasthesecondlevelroofreadin.Aforei打readerwhoisadoct:oralsuervisorinppgg,ptheCommo打wealthScientificandIndustrialResearchOrganizationofAustralia(CSIRO),cond-eucted化ethirdlevlroofreadintoseeif化郑6wasanrammarmistake.pgygFromaro技ssionalointofview,Iheauthorcomletedtheroectwithaoodresult.ppppjgThoughthereisstiUmuchroomforimprovement,theauthorstillbelievedthisprojectwas21
广巧乂學专业项古単位论文广面电规合纪承々《多村拾巧(上)》单無巧巧巧目报舍SUCC的sfiiUycomletedforseveralreasons:firstl也eauthortranslatedthetextinasimlepy,p化‘andconciseway.AccordingLiChangshuan口004:520),ihetechnicalmeaningoftheEnglishtextshouldbeinlinewi也也atoftheChin的etextTheEnglishexpressionshouldh'avelogicalrelationsandcompletestructureswithoutanyambiguity/Healsomentioned""freetranslationshouldbebasedontherecisecomrehensionoftheoriinaltextLi,ppg(2004:520.Secondltheauthorcanflexibladotsometranslationmesandskilthodlsto)y,yptacklethefrequentlyoccuiringproblems.Thirdly,thefeedbacksfromherclassmates,foreignreaderandtheclientareositive.ThemostimportantthingisthatUieclientisuitesatisfiedpq’withthetranslationworkoftheauthor,whichmakestheauthorsheartswelledwithjoyandpri化.巧
广西大学专业硕女学位论文广巧电视台纪录井《乡村拾巧上》李幕翻译巧目报告()Chater5ConclusionpW-iththedeictionofretranslationrearationanalsisofthetextdiferentcoinpppp,y,pgstrateiescombininwhhrelated化eoriesroofreadinandevaluation化eauthoroure过outgg,pg,p化6?11〇16{側51过巧011化5^打(16恤.Astheauthorhasmentionedelsewhereinthispaper,subtitletranslationisdifferentfromnormaltexttranslation,becausesheneedstotranslatetheChineseversionpreciselyandconciselforthesakeofsavintimeandsace.Tothisendtheauthormanaedtoferretoutygp,gsomecopingtacticstodealwi化化estumblinblocksnamelsemantictranslationg,y,,commun'icativetranslation也emthodofIeductivearahrasinandcondensation.Truthto,eppgbe1:oldthesestrateiesareuhehelilwhenracticed.,gqpfipTrans1-78tlatio打involvesthelosisofmeaniniao2001:771mainl0。hefollowin呂(L,),ygfourasects:thesecialnaturalenvironmentsocialss1:emsandculturalracticesofthepp,ypcountrywheretheorigi打al1:extcomesfromthehuediverencebetweenEnlishand;gggChineseintextstleemotionetcbesidesthat化ediferenceofoerationalmodebetweeny.,,;,ptheauthorandthetranslatordifferentsemantictheorandvaluesofthetranslationtextand,y-化eoriinalversionallhaveefectsonthelossofmeaniniao2001:.Hencelossgg(L,177178,)ofmeani打g;打thetranslatio打1;extcanhardlybeavoided.As过matteroffact,itisindeedhard"巧",,fortheauthor化findequivalencesfbrtheChineseexpre巧ionssuchas粉虫亮布and",,幸福果.There抗re,translatorswouldlike1:〇takeCO打de打sation,simplificationor(tgeneralizationasthemaincopingmethodwhenencounteringdificultiesandsometimes,"transliterationisaccetableZhen2011:78pg.(,)Itisagreathonorfortheauthor!;〇havesuchareciousoortunit1:0translatethispppy^seriesofsubtitletexts.Totheauthorsreatothewholeroectwentsmoothlandthegjy,pjytranslationversionwasqui化satisfactory.However,theauthoralsogot化know化attodo*translationwellisuUedemandin.Theieisstillmuchroom1:0imroveheudf.qgpDue1;otimelimitationandincompetentabilities,thetranslationversionisnotperfect."""Theauthorstillcannotfindabettertranslationfortechnicaltermssuchas弹弓弹花23
广巧大樂专业领古棠位论文广巧电視台巧录件《会村拾进上》单#巧巧巧目报合()""""""""""""""""植磨盘弹花弓牛筋绳师傅挑子剌头匠弹棉花牵纱杆""""子磨面and白抗鸡Beingregretedandgratefiil,theauthorcame化realize也atthereisstillalongwayforhertobecomeaualifiedtranslator.Howevertheauthorisdetermined化racticemore化q,ppolishhertranslationexpertise.Andtheauthorhopesshecantrulymakeadifferenceinthedaysbeyond.24
广巧大单专业巧古单化论文广巧电视合纪京作《多巧抢送(上)》宇幕巧巧颂目报任BibliorahgpyIBrtiR&EE.2005.AlTranslatA.IMTt.Tranrarna,sasaudiovisuaionn.enneniino[J,p[]gftheNewMillennium:PedagoiesorTranslationandInterretinC.gfpg[\Amsterdam/Philadelphia:JohnBenamins.j2CintasD.2008.TeachinandLearninSubtitleinanAcademicEnvironment.In[],gg[A]D.Cintas.T^eDidacticsofAudiovisualTranslationC\.Amsterdam:JohnBenamins.[j3Gottli沈H.1994.Subtitlin:DiaonalTranslationJ?户饼se加ves:况w成妨m[],gg[]pTranslao-tlo1:101121.gy^4GottliebH.2005.MultidimensionalTranslation:SemanticsturnedSemioticsA.MuTra[],[]2005-ChallenesoultidiionalTransltiondingsgfMmensa:ConferenceProceeC--.EUHihLevelScieificS.ntConferenceeries[]g-makt5GuardmiR1998.DecisionininSubtitlinJ.Persectives:StudiesinTranslaolog[],gg[\py,-1:9798.Jakobson,民?1971.OnlinuisticasectsoftranslationA.虹Jakobson民?庇fee始J[巧gp[],,听故?2?厮wy/ww/王幻wgwaC.TheHaue:Mouton.聊拼[]g,7Me记amWebster:.1997.MerriarnWebstersCoHeiateDictionaryteritheditionSrineldgfi[]gpZ-[.MerriamWebsterIncororated.],p[8]Morgan,R*2001.SubtitlingforChannel4Television[A].InGambier,Yves.&Golllieb,Henrik.MultimediaTranslation:Concepts,Practices,andResearch[C].Amsterdam:JohnBeniaminsPublishingCompany.--9NederaardLarsenB.1993.CultureboundProblemsinSubtitlingi.Persectives:[]g,[\pStrl-udiesinTanslatoogy2:207241.,ONewmariC2001a?^獻巧〇〇足〇Thm/。打cwM.Shanhai:ShanhaiForei口JjR()/[]gggnLanguageEducationPress."NewmarkR2001b.Thw/公打0。M.ShanhaiShhaiForinj(妍化w:aneg[j)[]ggLanguageEducationPress.25
广西大掌专化项击酱位论文广西电规台纪录*《乡村拾进(上)》单幕巧淨巧目化舍’l2tioAS-.2曲)5OxrrEnlihChinDictirithditionmh.odAdvancedLearneSseseomsxe[]y,fgyZ.TheCommercialPre泌.[]""13.2004.竖持外宣王贴近原则[货友义,处理好外宣翻译中的难点问题化中国翻审6)-(:2939.14李长松2004.非文学翻译理论与实践M北京冲国对外翻译出版公司.[][]15.2009..李长栓非文学翻译[M]北京:外语教学与研究出版杜[]-16李运兴.2001库幕翻译的策略[J].中国翻蒂(22:3840.[])一M107廖毛.201.当代英国翻译理论湖北:湖北教育出版社.[][]1剑化巧91.香港电视字幕翻译初載翻译新论集M台湾:商务印书傲[巧区[]一-1钱绍昌.2000.影视翻译翻译园地中愈来愈重要的领域化中国翻译,1:6165.[刮()20-.2011.电影字幕的语内和语际翻译町中国翻译,4:7578.[]郑宝薇()化
广西大単专化项古単位论文广西电视台巧录传《多杜拾近(上)?字幕巧巧巧目化告ApendixISourceTextp《弹棉花》一这是家经历了五十多年风雨岁月的弹棉花作坊。招牌已经斑驳摧色,当年的老师。傅已然不在了,而曾经的小徒弟成了今天的老师傅"周敬容(弹棉手艺人):我十二岁就跟我父亲做棉被,当学徒,十七岁就自立了。"W前凤村许多人家都弹棉花,做棉被。一广西玉林市郊的凤村。曾几何时,这村里过半的人家都弹棉花,成为玉林地区的道风景,,现如今,仅在这间小小的作坊里还能听到手工弹棉花的弦音。"。周敬容;弹棉花W谋生为主。这么长时间,我没有收过徒弟,都是自己做。,。天下之大,饿不死手艺人送句千古名训富含着中国人勤劳W生存的深层哲理一一特殊的技艺,通常是父传子、子传孙、子子孙孙代代传下去。周敬容就是从父亲那里学到了手工弹棉花的技艺。弹棉花,中国手工制作棉被的传统技艺,又称弹棉被。""……周敬容;将新棉花加工的棉被,为新棉被。加工旧棉胎,就是去旧换新。。二、广西玉林,是广西弹棉花相对集中的地区十世纪中后期,衔头巷尾游动着不少弹棉手艺人的身影,也从这里走出去了不少弹棉花师傅,散布到许多地方谋生。这不一块薄田难W糊口一一仅仅是人们单靠,重要的是弹棉花是口手艺。千家万户,每个人的生活中,都离不开棉被。弹棉花是受人欢迎和尊敬的行当。""一二周敬容;传统的弹棉被。,第讲信用,第讲质量,第H力求经久耐用一一一一一弹棉花,需要弯弹弓,只弹花植,张磨盘,和条牵纱杆子,块干净的空一一地,就可W张罗生意了。但是,这套工具中,每件都各具特点。"一周敬容,,:弹棉花主要靠这支弓。这条是牛筋这是弓板,还有植有条挑担。这个植是黄牛木做的,很坚很硬的。这条牛筋是弹棉花专用,没有这条牛筋就弹不开棉花"。一弹棉花这口手艺,,也,很注重搭档关系。学弹棉花不是靠看书就能悟明白的不单靠语言就能传达得清楚的,没有捷径,靠悟性,靠磨练,许多奥秘只有手艺人必里最清楚。弹棉花致完成一床棉胎的全过程分为几道工序。一一扯棉,,也叫擦棉这是加工旧棉胎的第道工序,使用的工具是块布满铁钉的木板伊头,固定约六十颗铁钉,将棉花与铁钉摩擦,扯掉旧棉胎原有的纱线,拉散棉的纤维,。使之变得蓬松,;棉絮承受着拉力最大限度地撕扯开棉的纤维扯棉,很容易划破手,通常是徒弟来做;徒弟是从扯棉开始学习弹棉花做被子的。27
>广西乂単专化硕古単化论义广西电观台巧录<^《多巧拾通上》单幕翻巧巧目报告()一徒弟不分长幼,生存是第位,年长者投靠亲友学手艺谋生的,在凤村的弹棉人中不在少数。一,师傅调弓,是弹棉很重要的个环节。弹花弓,用上好的木头制作而成这是弹棉一一,把大弓箭的主打工具像,在两端系上根牛筋绳,叫做弦,操作时用植子击打牛筋绳,W弹开棉花。一凤村的弹花弓有着特别之处,是凤村人的智慧结晶。张弓整整270厘米,比中国一许多地方的弹花弓足足长大了倍。"''"周敬容,。:这条弓是独创的叫凤村弓送条弓是凤村人发明的。牛顧绳有很好的坚初度,没有更合适的材料可W替代牛窥作为弓弦。"周敬容:这条牛筋要与这张弓上下相对,要调准扎头,调不准扎头,就弹不开棉絮"。一调弓,,,非常讲究技巧必须有数年的弹棉经验才能掌握弓弦的松紧度,像拉琴样,弦要调出标准。如果弓弦太松,弹棉时为度不够,弹不开棉花;弓弦太紧,击打时""震动的幅度小,与棉花的接触面不够,行话叫做不缠棉。繩弓的时候,极是小也,,足见师傅的功夫万万断不得弦,否则,就被认为是坏了兆头。一扯好了棉花,调好了弹弓,再给弓弦擦次蜡,弹棉的演出就开始了。""周敬容;擦牛筋就是上蜡。上了蜡就是不让棉花粘在牛筋上,好弹些,能弹得开。凤村的弹棉与中国许多地方大不同。凤村人发明了坐式弹棉花,把棉花铺在干净的一吃力游走一地面上而不须木板或高台,而是,,无需背着弹弓方沉木支着条坚初的老竹竿,富有弹性地悬挂着弹弓,弹棉师傅优雅地坐在沉木上,左手掌握弹弓,右手抢着一一木植,轻松地弹棉,个小时而不需歇息可W连续击打;张大弓大跨度地覆盖了整方棉堆而不需频繁移动,省力高效,蕴藏着凤村人的智慧。""周敬容;。为了省力,我们发明了这张弓,坐着弹花,省了腰力,效率也高一弹植击打的巧音,大概是中国人记忆中最熟悉的声音之。一弓弦只有个频律,,如果把弦埋入棉花中,和浮在棉花外的不同前者发闷频律低,后者清脆频律稍局。弹棉花的好手,虽然在弹弓上弹不出优美的旋律,却可W弹出动人的节奏。弹弓响起的时候,就是师傅显本事的时刻。一每位弹棉师傅都有自己的独口技艺,自己的也得,,。经验老道的师傅只听弦音便知功夫的深浅。弹棉花既考验师傅的体力,更考验师傅的技巧。在弹棉的过程中,掌握弹弓的左手,把握节奏腕,不断进行幅度小而有力的平衡游移右手持植的连续击打牛筋,均衡;而28
广西大擎专化巧古単化论义r*w电巧合巧承*上单*巧译巧目化舍?々材拾达()》力度,上下颤动,弹松棉絮,让棉花绅维无法缠绕在弓弦上,该被认为是最有功力的师傅一,址人高看眼。""…周敬容:打不好,棉花就会沾在了弦上一。弹棉工序最安全,最省力的就是牵纱线牵纱是为了固定弹好的棉花;根牵纱杆子一,抛出根根纱线,两个人搭档,由纲至目,纲目交错,把整方棉花网状般均匀而密密面匯地双面封个严实。一因着需要,弹棉师傅会适当在棉胎上装饰出某种图案,表示纪念。享有声望的师傅对此十分在意,他们认为这就是自己的信誉标志,是自己的作品。""周敬容;用红纱线,表示吉祥。许多人家都喜欢红色。一道工序牵纱完成,就接着磨面了。磨面,是弹棉被重要的最后。""一一周敬容:做张棉被的最后道功夫,就是用磨盘磨面,就能成品了。一一张磨盘的分量,从另面佐证师傅的手艺水准。实际磨棉中,热气程度的把握,靠师傅的经验和感觉,通过磨盘的反复磨压,使棉花紧凑,不留空隙,棉被做成后,保暖性能很好,经久耐用。""周敬容:磨被面的标准,就是贴纱出现颗粒,纱线就算咬紧棉花了。一随着机器的发明与普及,让切都发生了变化,机械逐渐替代了手工,提高了棉被的产量或质量,创造着时代的潮流和时尚。凤村的不少人家已经使用机器生产棉胎,日产量百倍于手工制作。"周敬容:现在有了机械做棉被,我们祖传的手工弹棉携不到饭吃了,年轻人也不"……愿意学了。我想收徒弟也没有人愿意学了。纯手工弹棉已经面临最严峻的挑战一一,步又步退至行将消失的边缘。许多弹棉师傅,。,挂起了他的弹弓,开动了机器更多的弹棉人选择了改行,他们正逐渐失去竞争为非常熟悉的弓弦声,只能留在了记忆中。坚守还是离去?考验着周敬容。他眼下还舍不得放下弹弓,他弹了几十年的棉花,一一生的骄傲和快乐,手艺的温暖巧自己的价值,就在张弹弓上。,弹棉,就是他的人生一一今天的人们,已经不再为床棉被发愁,更不会在意位手工弹棉师傅的存在与否,但是弹棉手艺人曾经给人们带来的那份温暖,叫人感叹;令人也动的弹棉节奏,让人难忘怀!29
广西大掌专化巧古単位论文广巧电洩告纪劳*?J>村拾遺上?字無巧课巧目报合()《刹头》(德保县全景小巷老人穿过小巷进入理发室埋发师打招呼)顾客几十年了30多年理发师罗师傅40年都有了顾客差不多40年了,都在这里了因为我们比较熟悉也是基本上同班嘛他过去同我下乡过下乡支援工作队一赵师傅是靖西人70。,年代到德保从事林业工作当时和他起到乡村工作队的就有这位罗师傅一。后来两个人先后回到县城工作直光顾老朋友所在的理发室,,赵师傅仍然直到退休后也没有改变。老理发室70年代开张,最早属于国营企业。几十年过去了,理发室所属的性质变一成了集体所有。切又好像没有,理发的价格也从几毛钱悄然上涨到几块钱十几块钱但一。变,在这小小的理发室内,时间仿佛凝固,每样东西似乎都应该在博物馆里才能见到在这里,,没有热情招巧顾客和推销会员卡的店员,因为宾主之间都是乡里乡亲的熟人。有的甚至是几十年的老主顾,大家习惯了在耐也的等待中闲话家常理发师农永年快到拜山的时候了顾客是啊要拜山了准备东西了吧早就准备好了由于己经建立起足够的默契,客人从来不会提出要怎么剪,理发师也从来不问。给一同个人剪了几十年头,对理发师来说,客人习惯的发型早就用手给记住了。从剪头发一到洗头,师傅手包办。不过现在洗头改用了煤气热水器,这可能是理发室最大的技术80年。革新,终于没让代的热水壶继续用到今天顾客30
"?■炒巧抢达上■r?天単专化巧古単位论文■nr电视合巧录(》宇*巧译巧目化告)师傅剪头发是这样的(大拇指)理发师傅农永年这个手艺是要慢慢学的最难的就是理平头要弄得平平的不简单还有要根据客人的头型来剪如果人的头是长的不能剪高高的头发。说起当年学艺的经历,年过古稀的农永年师傅记忆犹新理发师傅农永年我们领导请右江理发店的老师傅叫做曾师傅来教我们学手艺然后我们下乡去经过实习到足荣那甲荣桑去实习然后我们就正式开业了70理发室既没有招牌,也没有亮眼的名字。因为在年代开张的呀候,送是德保的一一的一家理发店第家,并且在很长时间内是唯,没必要用店名来区分。理发师傅农永年当年我们一起学手艺的十个人五个男的五个女的都退休了2006年,包括农师傅在内,最后的几位老理发师都正式退休了。这时候,县城里大一大小小的发廊、沙龙遍地开花,老式理发室的存在似乎成为了种尴尬。农师傅寻思着,工作了大半辈子,也该放下老手艺,享享清福了。但是几位老兄弟找上口来,让他又改变了主意。理发师傅农永年退休了后有些老同志老顾客还是需要我们有时候没下去那么快31
广西大掌专化切古単位论文广巧电视■含紀录件《々村拾进上》安幕巧巧巧目报合()"喂怎么还没来啊"是不是退休了就不来了他就来找了找到你家对其实,农师傅的必里始终也没有放下送个相伴H十余年的行当。我跟他们说我去不过今天有事明天再去知道老顾客还惦念着自己的手艺,农师傅终于拿起剌刀剪子,重操旧业。一和农师傅样操持老理发店的,还有另外两位师傅,都是从国营店退下来后做回老一本行的。毎天早,师傅们还没到,客人就己经云三两两地聚到口前了。在农师傅看来,一老主顾对老理发室的青睐,除了多年的习惯,也出于份怀旧的情感。理发师傅农永年一个是増加了自己的收益也是方便了老顾客如果身体好的话我还再做几年。如果说老理发室是正规军,那么衔头巷尾的刹头摊子就算是游击队了。与北方地区多为平原不同,广西乡村多山地为主而位于广西西部的德保县,是典型的大石山区。因为师傅很难挑着工具翻山越岭地寻找客源,所从削头挑子在这里比较少见,而相对固定的測头摊子就比较流行。一(市场淵头摊子组)比起老理发室一,这里的设施更为简单。刹头师傅的交通工具通常是辆自行车,骑到摊点一一一,自行车往边上靠,工具箱掏,椅子摆,坐下就能做生意了。刹头摊子就在集市旁边。,人来人往,生意也就慢慢多了起来,大家都到这里来剪头发,成行成市一一坦然旁边等的人不多,但个才起身,另个马上就坐下去,源源不绝。师傅也不含糊,收了钱马上继數随到随剪,片刻也不停。洗头么?回家洗,省了时间。来的客人既有路过就剪的,也不少是专程而来,图的就是快速、方便,外加收费便宜。理个发?不到十块钱,上哪儿找去女理发师132
■?材上车幕巧译巧目报舍■TW大案专化巧女单化论义台巧话*?拾近()》我们这里价格不高一般店里面是0巧块1到我们就收7块一。别看条件般,价格便宜,服务同样细也周到(小孩子对镜子看)女理发师2怎么样小孩子好女理发师我07年在中山学剪头发后来回来这边开理发厅生意不好就来送里剪头发一天有十来个一二如今的刹头摊子、电推剪等工具应俱全,荆刀的作用退居线,主要用于,剪子一把刹刀的生意刮去汗毛和鬟角。但早期的剌头摊子就完全不同,做的都是。民俗学者韦学虎那时候县城没有理发店的我们这里就是农村过来的就是一把刺刀一张围巾那时候不用肥皂用水来擦擦胡子就剖了那时候都是刹光头的过去,出于卫生和方便的考虑,很多大叔大爷喜欢把头发淵光。当时的削头匠,也不是什么专业的师傅。,而是由打造剌刀的铁匠兼职,不求美观,但求省事儿一一《镇安府志》记载,直到民国H十四年,天保也就是现在的德保县,才有了正式的理发店。然而。,也只有政府官员才能在理发店理发,平民百姓只能光烦剌头摊子33
广西大単专化项古単位徐义广西电視合巧劳序《4村拾忠上?字幕巧巧巧目化吿()而即便是剌头摊子,在当时的德保也不是随处可见的,因为刺头區往往有别的活计,他们只有在巧日才会出来摆摊。送样的传统,在德保县的乡村还能看到。字幕:德保县燕桐乡(邓师傅收拾工具)邓师傅今天要出街理发因为是街天邓师傅的家在德保县燕响乡。每到好日,他就会到街上摆摊理发。这是他几十年不变的习惯。(骑摩托从家里出来过村曰)一每逢、四、屯号结尾的日子是燕顺乡的巧日。如今,乡村道路越来越便利,从村里到县城,已经是说走就走的旅行,所W人们已经不需要像过去那样,赶巧日采购大量的生活用品。但是街天赶街是人们多年的习惯,就算不需要买什么,也乐得来逛逛。"邓师傅剌头的固定摊点就在巧场的中也。摊点虽然简陋,但是邓师傅也有不少粉"丝。才把镜子挂好,老主顾们就坐椅子上等着了。通常,乡里人农闲之余会操持些小手艺,编编竹篮或打打农具什么的,W贴补生计。因为剌头是邓师傅家传的手艺,自然也就成了他农闲之余贴补家用的好营生。顾客那边的鸡怎么卖十块吗一一边不忘和鸡贩子讨价还价来赶甘的客人边削头,。一电剪用的电是从旁边米粉店接过来的。米粉店和剌头摊子,在早年是对互惠的生意搭档。民俗学者韦学虎农村小孩那时候剌头没有肥皂用水涂上去就淵了一干就痛了■他就怕痛啊农村让小孩理发就说34
广西大单专化巧女単化论文广巧电巧台巧劳乐?多村拾或(上)?巧幕巧巧巧目报舍今天我带你去吃粉农村的孩子能吃一碗粉就不得了了好像我们现在加菜一样70年代生活艰苦啊因为怕疼,小孩子大多不喜欢刹头,父母就常常用米粉来诱惑孩子。到了巧日,很多刹头匠出来摆摊,大人们趁着这个时候把孩子带出来潮头,也顺便让孩子吃碗米粉,""兑现測头就能吃米粉的承诺。今天,城乡群众的生活水平都在不断提高,人们对于发型的要求越来越高,尤其很多追求个性的年轻人,更是把发型作为追赶时尚潮流的标志。一、而对于农师傅这样的老辈理发师来说,老刹刀躺椅还会存在多久,他们自己也一不清楚。时代在发展,潮流在翻新,也许老手艺终有天会走出历史舞台,走进博物馆,一。但是他们知道,刹头,这口普通得不能再普通的老手艺,定走不出;I代人温暖的记忆35
广西大単专化项古単位论文广西电巧台巧录《々巧拾达上单幕巧巧:巧目报舍()?《儿时的美味》一【砰声响刘文军在嚇爆米花】一刘文军做爆米花有H千年了,个人常年全国各地跑,做的是传统爆米花的生意,毎到一个地方停下来一,老刘都不需要哈喝,那声声震耳欲聋的爆响,就是最好的吃喝声。老头老太,小伙姑娘、孩子们都被他手上黑乎乎的铁疫瘡吸引住了。【字幕;爆米花师傅刘文军】给你拿一点给孩子吃来来我给你拿点来到广西的刘文军暂时落脚在城中村里,每天出摊前,老刘都要把玉米筛过几遍,挑出最饱满最巧的颗粒,这样爆出来的玉米才会香酥脆口。【字幕:爆米花师傅刘文军】卖得多有的都一二十年不见了就吃个稀罕吃个好玩尝一尝回忆童年的味道毛八十年代是常见的那时候没有什么小食品孩子们抢着吃对这个很稀罕的在南宁水衔的一条卷子里一,李阿婆也在做着自己的营生,这些条条从潑算上滚落的胖乎乎的条状物一,就是南方人喜爱的小吃粉虫。粉虫的做法很简单,用磨好的生米一粉混合定比例的熟米粉,均匀揉撞成团,在高低错落的潑貸底部粘上少许生油,W防一沾底,在簾奠上撞抢面困,印上环形花纹,这样来,条状的米紛看起来像极了虫子,""所W老百姓把它称为粉虫。【字幕:粉虫师傅李阿婆】【中间插画面】我们的粉虫就是我们的传统美食就是做粉虫吃旧时叫做加菜几家人坐在一起磨米磨完煮好粉团大家就坐在一起撑粉虫援完蒸出来大家拿碗你夹一点吃我夹一点吃36
?沒村拾巧上广西大单专化巧古単化巧义广西电巧巧纪录《■()》字幕巧译巧目化舍我现在还能想起六零年的味道现在想起旧时的味道不用吃肉都行了。而几千公里开外,糖画芝人鄭小刚也正在用虫子和动物做文章一能把简单的甜滋味上升到个让人不忍下口的境界,在很多人的童年美食记忆中,一。糖画算是个熱小刚拜师入行八年,游走各地,糖画技艺越来越精湛,各种动物造型楠栖如生。把单纯的甜变成了艺术品,把嘴上的传统零食变成了兼顾视觉审美的物件,不得不说。,糖画送种儿时的美味,能成为非物质文化遗产,是有它的道理的【字幕:糖画艺人鄙小刚】我们现在是一种回忆性的甜其实现在很多食品比糖好吃大把吃但是我们的也态包括我很多顾客他就是一种回忆性的味道回忆小时候的那种甜蜜蜜那是一种生活的回忆也是一种对我们童年的回忆。看做糖画的人很多,买的却不多,也许是人们己经不屑于再去品尝那种甜腻腻的味道,但也放不下回味童年的记忆和看师傅做糖画的乐趣。【字幕:顾客小肖】毕竟我们从小开始衔头巷尾都有看到的然后我们就比较喜欢小时候这种味道(小时候)我就特别希望画糖的师傅给我做一个大的比如说我做个膀蟹做个龙我们就会相互比一下然后就比赛谁先吃完但大家都会舍不得吃完那种感觉。【字幕:顾客】其实我之前是没有见过这个东西37
■r西大単专化巧古単化论义广西包視台化劳々?《安巧拾通上》宇幕巧巧巧目化吿()今天跟朋友带着她的孩子一起来看到的时候我是很谅讶的我看到那个师傅画那个糖画就是觉得很神奇这个东西很想去了解所W我就想把它记录下来等那孩子长大之后再看到这个东西就会有不一样的味道【做好的炒粉虫、凉挣紛虫】其实在那个饥饿的年代,也没什么肉吃,粉虫炒好之后就拌上韭菜和豆芽,就是最鲜美的加菜了,米粉做不做成虫子的形状,事实上都不影响米傲的口感,只不过,在平淡无奇的米粉变成粉虫之盾,带来的是人们也灵上更多的满足和视觉上的愉说,在很多人的童年记忆中一,粉虫就是美食,粉虫就是味蕾上不可磨灭的家的味道。这也是我们直怀念送种吃食的原因之一吧。一刘师傅送几夭在同个地方摆摊。,,生意还不错爆米花机实际上是压力容器把玉米、大米、蚕豆、黄米等原料放入机内,盖好机盖,用加力杆和加力管共同巧力,旋转机头螺杆对机盖加压保持密封,将爆米花机架到支架上,下方用炉火加热,同时手摇转动爆米花机,使里面的谷物均匀受热并软化,由于受热升温,机内压为慢慢升高,达到一定的压力时,停止加热,将爆米花机的封口对准铁丝网兜,用力扳动小弯头,使之与大弯头的搭扣松脱,这样,在爆米花机内压力的作用下,封盖打开,机内的高温商皮气工原料一起喷射出来体连同加,喷射过程中,由于外界的压力迅速下降,使得谷物内部一气体向外迅速扩张,送样来,谷物便被爆开,爆米花就做成了。一【嗦的声爆出爆米花】""的一老式爆米花机嗦声巨响,至少是几代中国人挥之不去的童年记忆,而珍藏着这份记忆的人,多半成长在六A十年代。【字幕:市民】听到那种响声的时候很怕快到完了的时候就躲得远远的小的时候看到这种很喜欢吃【字幕;村民】过年了冬天去拿点玉米都去那里去爆啊爆着回来吃嘛38
广巧大単专化项db単位论文广巧电视台纪录件《多村拾巧(上)》卒幕海巧巧目报吿那时候没有钱买零食吃【字幕:居民男】W前小时候见过有个爆米花吃是不错的哦爆一斤是两毛钱爆米花来了就有零食吃小孩大人都很高兴一在食物匿乏的年代,些唾手可得的昆,人们总会想各种法子填炮饥肠漉總的肚子虫于是就变成了盘中餐。这种生长在水田的黑色虫子,就曾经是许多人垂诞的儿时美味。一村民杨明雄正领着群孩子在灌满水的稻田里寻找这种水生爬虫。【字幕:孩子】我不知道这是什么东西叔叔叫我来抓我就来抓了,据说这种水生爬虫主要生长在溪流边、稻田里,它们对水质的要求非常高农药化。,它的学名叫肥都是它们逐渐消失的元凶,如今越来越难于寻找到它的踪迹做龙動【字幕;村民杨明雄】这种虫子一般在田里面水底里面生长的基本上在秩田里面很少了我W前见过去抓过现在的话是越来越少了现在是很少很少很难找到对于这种长相丑陋的小爬虫,没有见识过的人,甚至叫不出它的名字,更不会知道它们的用途了,,据说除了能填肚子之外早些年人们吃龙動,其实更看重的是它的药用价值。【字幕:村民杨明雄】这个有什么用呢?现在不能告诉你等下你就知道了。刘师傅凭借老式爆米花机行走江湖,而年捏的吴胜超带着他的花式棉花糖靠吃喝赚39
广西大藥专化领古輿位给义广巧电视巧巧录々■《多材拾进上》宇幕毎巧巧目报告()人气,如果说爆米花还有大人光顾,那么棉花糖的主顾基本上都是孩子们了。棉花糖靠100,度左右的高湿将白糖变成糖丝,只要掌握好竹签的角度和旋转的平衡度糖丝就会一均匀地按照预定的形状缠绕在竹签上,10克左右的白糖就可W变成朵硕大的棉花糖。一組炸龙E的镜头配音乐【】【字幕:村民杨明雄】yJ现在我可l告诉你了这个龙風是可W吃的是我小时候的美味一香气四溢的炸龙動。人们定还巧得数+年,其实已经定格在许多人的儿时记忆中一前的街头巷尾,货郎挑着满满担油炸过的龙動,沿街叫卖,谗嘴的孩童常常把货郎围化经不起诱惑的掏出零钱H个五个地买走,也满意足地分享。其裝龙動最初是大人们给尿床的孩子当药吃的,因为油炸之后的龙風又香又脆,就逐渐变成了孩子们喜爱的一。。零食若干年之后,当年风靡街巷的小零食已经日渐稀少,难得见如今,这种童年美食与舌尖再次相逢,味道是否如前已不太重要,重要的是,也底那份暖暖的记忆,得W从尘封中苏醒。老式爆米花一、糖画、粉虫、炸巧武、棉花糖,既熟悉又陌生,熟悉的是幕幕挥之一纯美的感受不去的童年回忆,和味蕾上单,陌生的是,如今它们都已风光不再,甚至,也已难觅踪影,还能操持这些行当的手艺人渐行渐远。一一一追忆,是种生新是种味道。但愿这份生活的滋味,永远留着家的温殷永远留着美好童年的馨香。40
广西大単专业硕古學化论义广西电视台纪清井村拾通(上)》字幕岛巧巧目化吿《传奇百鸟衣》梁花妮和梁祝英是居住在广西融水的苗族人,他们居住的乌英屯距离融水县城有将近200公里的山路。刚刚采摘的叶子还散发着新鲜的气息,看上去十分普通的叶片,即将发挥神奇的作用。一一这是种藤类植物的叶子,加上草木灰,就能调出种神奇的染料。梁祝英三年前从贵州嫁到广西,从此在乌英屯定居下来。染布对于这里的苗族人来说,是每个妇女都要熟练掌握的生活技巧。(广西融水乌英屯)一。,乌英屯地处駭桂交界,是广西最远的苗族村寨从地理位置上划分寨子的半属一般远离现代文明的喧器于广西的融水县,,深藏在大半属于贵州的丛江县,犹如孤岛山深处。一梁祝英往染缸里加入些米酒,W便让颜色更好地附着在布料,调节染料的酸碱度上。一一(梁祝英:这样,,揽拌下尝尝,可W了。)苗家人染布W蓝読为主要原料,,加入山著、草木灰等辅料染出紫红色的棉布。把染好的布巧干水分一,经瞭晒之后就可W做进步的加工了。(捶布镜头)-。:孙女)(老奶奶同期声,你看这个就是我们世代都要穿的亮布布料经过捶打后一,显出了紫亮的光泽。用天然的植物给衣物上色,是种古老的智慧。因为这样的方法不仅满足了地处封闭山区的村民对色彩的渴望,同时又成功保存了。衣物的天然品质。在广西的苗族地区,亮布,被当地人看做是最值得依赖的衣物亮布衣服则构成了一切传统服饰的底色。(广西融水杆洞屯)一?。离乌英屯不远的巧洞屯,场W庆祝H八国际妇女节为主题的乡村活动正在举行(同期声:大家准备好,预备,开始。加油,加油。)一。赛场上,拔河比赛激战正酣场下,杨桂花正和姐妹们起换上盛装准备稍后的狂欢。(杆洞屯杨桂花:我们就是做什么仪式的时候都穿这个百鸟衣,这是我们苗族最特一色的个衣服,是老人家传下来的。),百鸟衣,又称芦笔衣,它与当地苗族人的生活息息相关在融水已经有上千年的历史。传说从前人间没有鼓,每年都要爬天梯到天上去看拉鼓。天神为了免除人们的辛劳一就把面鼓赐给了人们。可是天神在从天上放下鼓的过程中,不小也将鼓掉落到了悬崖里一。当时被苗族誉为百鸟之王的白杭鸡就号召百鸟起帮助人们找到了鼓。从此,苗族41
广巧大學专化项古#位绝文广苗电视台纪承々■《多村拾遗上》车幕巧部巧目化告()人把白色的羽毛装饰在衣服上,纪念和感谢百鸟的帮助。(黑场)一村民罗荣光家的里。,珍藏着件因令他引W为傲的传家之宝一二(杆洞屯村民罗荣光:我们妈留到现在,她都说到我这代都十代人了,就是这样子。十二代人呢就计算有王百年这样子。)。时代变迁,岁月更迭,这件百鸟衣已经是广西境内现存最老的百鸟衣了它也自然而然地成为了现在苗族百鸟衣制作的蓝本。一件传统的女款百鸟衣通常由花衣和羽裙组成。人们在亮布上绣花、、,在肩背袖和羽裙上均绣满花鸟草等图案。因其图案繁复,且为纯手工制作,往往半年W上时间才能完成一套百鸟衣的刺绣工作。此外,用俗称±珍珠的六谷果果实、幸福果果壳,W及白色的羽绒串成的挂件和手绣的香包也是百鸟衣的重要物件。一(融水县博物馆副馆长贾世朝:它也是种吉样和幸福的象征,苗族的那个小包里面,苗族觉得有辟邪作用的草药放在里面W后,把它缝好、绣好,把那些果壳和±珍珠串起来。),象征着辟邪的作用(杆洞屯村民罗荣光:送个存久了,H百年前了,这个羽毛都掉完去了,这个就是。鸟毛,这个就掉完去了这些都是±珍珠的,送点就是果壳,H百多年都不坏。)人们把香囊和五六十串挂件分别缝制在衣服的肩背、手臂、衣角和裙摆上,使整套衣服如鸟儿一般美丽和华贵。(杆洞屯村民罗荣光、踩堂啊:很重要的,这个百鸟衣好像W前,好像我们过节啊这样子,如果你没有的,就不好意思进堂只能在旁边看这样子。这个传起来呢,也是好像你妈妈,留给你的女儿。你女儿作妈妈了呢,还留给女儿,这样子的。)(地名:融水杆洞乡)和平原地区相比,在陡峭的大山里生存,需要更多智慧。顺应着山势,罗荣光的祖一先们完全靠双手创造了这切一。同样,要在山中取得制作件华丽的衣服原料,也需要更多的勇气。幸福果的果树裁在大山深处,拨开长满尖利勾刺的枝叶,幸福果就隐藏在其中。(苗哥:摘到了。)一(苗报摘到了,那么多啊。哥。^。我来接下,你,你好能干啊可|^做百鸟衣了小也啊。)一农闲时,妇女们聚在起,开始制作百鸟衣,她们用工具挖出幸福果的果肉,把白色的羽纷扎好。先用针线将±珍沫和果壳穿起来,再在底部用帮上实现扎好的羽键,最后将泛一根根装饰缝到衣服上。42
广西大単专化巧古単位论义广西巧满■■含巧巧#《多材拾送(上)?单幕巧巧巧目扭告AppendixIITranslationTextFlufingCoton-Th--workshoeisis过fiflearoldcotonflufin.Itssinboardwasmotledandfadd.yygpgTheeldercraftsmanretiredandthelittleapprenticebecameanexperiencedmaster.ZhouJinronacottonflufEiiicraftsman:ImadeuiltswhenIwas12yearsoldgg(g)qwithmyfather,beinganapprentice,andat17Ibecameanindependentcraftsman.ManyeopleinFengcunvillageuedcotonandmadecottonuiltsintheastpflfqpFengcunvillageislocated化thesuburbofYulincity,Guangxi.Onceupon江time,halfofthevillaersflufedcotton,winninitsfameinYulinbutnowthesound^fhandmadecottongg,,flufingcouldonlbeheardanmoreinthissmallworksho.yypZhQVL:1flufcotonU)earnaliving,forsomanyears,Ihaven、receivedanarentice.yypp'Itsalldonebymyself.eworasn-Thbigldhnocraftsmanstarvin化death.ThisoldsainembodiestheidethgygpphilosophyoftheChinesepeople,whohavethrivedbyhardworking.Somespecialcraftsmanshipisnormallypasseddownfromthefathertotheson,andthenextgenerationsust-followsuit.Zhouleamtthehandmadecotonflufintechniuefromhisfather.jgqF-lufingcottonisthetraditionaltechniueofhandmadecotonuiltinChina*化isalsoqqcale-iltldflufincotonu.gq左}iouiAuitimadeonewcotonisanewcotonuilt.Torenewanoldcotonuihistoqfqqchangeoldcottonwithnewones.xi-YulincityofGuanis江relativelcentralizedareaforcotonflufinDurinthemidgy艮gandatewe虹-ce打ue狂encoueseennltty付狂yitfewcraftsmldbatthecomersofstreets.Ma,qycraftsmenalsospread化otherlaces化earnalivin.Thiswasnotbecausethecannotpgysupporttheirfamiliesbyfanningbutbecauseflufincotonis泣kindofcraftsmanshi.,gpEveryoneneedscotto打quiltsinhisdailylive;thereforeflufingcotonis泣popularandrespectableob.j43
广窗大単专化巧古单化徐义广西起視含巧承命《多巧推缉(上)》字幕巧巧巧目如巧radi-左haulTtiomlcotonunemhasizescreditualitanddurabili.flfigp,qytyFlufingcotonneedsbigslingshot,cotto打加fingbeetle,nethermillstone,-amstretch-nd-nyingpoleandsomecleanaemptyspacesandthenthebusinessbeis.Each,gtoolhasadi筋rentfeature.Zhou:Fluncottonmainlreliesonthisbow.ThisisthebeetendonThisisthelankgp,fiyfbeetleandacarryingload.Thebeetleismadeofcratoxylum巧gustrinum,veryhardThebeeftendonisecializedoruncottonwithoutitthecottoncannotbeued.spfflfig,flfThiscraftsmanshiprequirestacitcooperationbecauseitcannotbeunderstoodb,yreadingnorcanitbeexplainedinwords.Thereisnoshortcutexceptperceptionandpractice;thesecretsarehiddendeeplyonthemindofthecraftsmen.Thewholerocessofmakincotonuiltincludesseveralrocedures.pgqpFlufiBncottonalsocalledrubbincottonisthefirstrocedureofmakinoldcotong,g,pgwaddin.Thecraftsmanu泣boardshlfixedith60innailscotonso泌化gsesovewro化mbthe,pullofftheori呂inalyamsandmakethefiberbelooseandfluffy.Thecotonfiberbearsthetensileforceh汹earsaartthefibertlarten.ttpothege巧extHandswillbescratchedeasilyduringthisproces义Sotheprocedureofflufingcotonisnormallycomletedbarenticewhostartslearninhowtomakethecoto辽uiltsfrompyppgqflufiBncoton.gRegardlessofae,survivalistherimarconsiderationofanarenticethereforeixitegpypp;qafeweldersofFengcunvillageturned1:0theirrelativesandfriends化learnsomecraftsmanshiptomakealiving.Oneimportantpartis化adjustthebow.Beingthemajor化〇1化flufcoton,化ebowismadeofhighqualitywoodlikeabibow.Thebeeftendonroeattachedatthetwoendsof,gpthebowiscalled江bowstrinwhichisbeatenbthebeetletoflufthecotton.g,yThespecialbowembodiestiiewisdomofFengcunvillagers,becauseitis270centimeterslongtwicethelentisofotherbowsintherestofChina.,gZhou:TheFencunvillaersnvenhishowsoscalledthehowoFencunvillaeggitt,巧ifgg.Thebeeftendonropehasgoodtoughness;nothingwouldbebetterthanitformakinga44
广巧大学专化巧古集位论义广巧电视含纪录序《多好路送(上)〉>车幕巧巧巧目报告bowstring.Zhou:Thebeetendonroehastbeinthesamelacewiththebowomtotobottomfpopfrpinordertocorrectlxintherihtortioninotthecotonwouldnotbeu.,,yfiggpfflfyAdustinabowstrinishihldemandin.Onlthecraftsmanwhohasearsofjgggygyyexperienceinflufingcotoncanhave过oodcontrolon出etihtnessofthebowstrin.gggSimilartotheviolin^setingthebowstringalsohasitsownstandard.Ifitweretooloose,theforceofthebowstringwouldnotbeenoughtoflufthecoton;conversely,ifthebowstring",,weretootight,thebeatingareawouldbesmall.Or,wecallitnotabletoentanlethecotonginerminolo.tgy化mustbevercareftilwhenstretchingthebowstringtightwhichcanshowtheskillof江y,craftsman.Thestrinshallneverbebrokenotherwiseitwouldbereardedasabadomen.g;,gAftertilecottonhasbeenstretched,thebowissetandthebowstringisdaubedwithwax,tileshowbegins.ZhtmiDaubingthebeeftendonis{〇wax化inorderpreventthecotonombeingfrsticlonhebeeendof%andtomakeiu.^tfttflfyco*FlufingtoninFencunVillaeisrettydiferentfiointhatofotherlacesinChina.ggpp--meTheycreatedthesitinandflufinthod化avethecotononthecleanlandinsteadofggpwoodblockordais.Bydoingsothedonotneedtowalkaroundwhilecarrin过heavbow.,yygyThetoolsarethedeadwoodandtenaciousbamboooleonwhichabowishanin.Thepggcraftsmanwouldraciouslsitonthedeadwood,holdinthebowonthelefthandandwoodgygbeetleo打theright.Therocessofbe泣tinwilllastforonehourwithout过rest.Thelarebowpggcancoverthewholeareaofcoton^hence,thecraftsmando朗notneedtomovefrequen过y.BydoinsomuchenerissavwhiletheefiBciencisimrovedwhichembodiesthewisdomg,gyedyp,ofFengcunvillagers.inven--左hou:JVetedthebowandthesittinandflungmethodU)saveeneroourgfigyfwaist,soasU)improveeficiency‘ThesoundofbeetlebeatingisprobablyoneofthemostfamiliarsoundsinChinese'peoplesmemor.y45
广西大学专业硕古酱位论文广酉思视台紀索传《乡村抢近上》字幕翻译项目报告()Thebowstringhasonlyonefrequenc.Ifitwereputdeeplyinto化ecoton,化elowyfrequencywithmufledvoice化producedwouldbediferentfromwhichproducedoutsideofthecotonthelatterhasahiherfreue打cwithclearandmelodioussound.;gqyA1化oughagoodcraftsmancannotplaybeautifulmelodyon出ebow,hecanproducetouchinrhthmwhenthebowrinsitistheshowtimeforskills.gy,,gEve-rycotonflufincraftsmanhashisownsecialskillsandexerience.Thesoundofagppstringcan化11whethersomeoneisexperiencedornot.Fluffincottonnotonlychallenesthecraftsmanofhishsicalcaacitbutalsohisggpypy,bchniue.Durintheroce巧thele托hand,bholdingabowdoestheowerfiilqgp,,ypnon-s--topandlevelwaveringinasmallerrangewhiletherihthandwithbeetlebeatsonthe,gbeeftendonconstantlycontrollinl;heacebalancintheforcerisinandfallin化打ufthe,gp,g,ggcotton也us化ecoto打fiberwouldnotwraaround化ebowstrin.Thiscraftsmanwillbe,pgconsideredasthebest.Ziwu:Ifitweredoneinthewronway,thecot化nwouldbestickyonthestrin.ggThesafestartisto打ufthecottonandthemo巧iaborsavinartis化stretchtheam.pgpyStrekamixintheflsinaam-strtWn呂yisforfgufedcoto打?Ugetchinole化throwouams,ygpyaairofartnerscancoverthewholecoto打evenlanddenselwithamsintwosidesfromppyyyhorizontaltoerendiculardirection.ppCraftsmanwoulddecorateonthecottonwaddingwithsomepatternsfortheneedofcommemoration.Somerenownedcraftsmenatachreatemphasiso打thisbecausetheygbelievethisis化己markofrestieand化elabelof也eirwork.pgZhoumbolizesluckthereman.:Theredcolorsoreamiliesreerredarny,yfpffyAfterstretchingtheyam,thelastimortantartistogrindcotonsurface.ppZhou;Thelastpartistorindthecotonsurace,andthenitisinishedgff’Anethermillsto打ecanrovehowood也ecraftsmanshiis.Thecraftsmansexeriencepgppandfeelingcane打sureproperfbrce?民epeatedgri打dingisneeded化makethecotto打becomedensewithoutanysparespace,sothecottonquiltwillbeverywarmanddurable.lAkow:Whenpelle化appearonyarns,itmeansthoseyarnsalreadyhavebeenwrapped46
广巧大学专业硕古単位论文广西电视台巧录作《身村洽送(上)〉>字幕翻译巧目报吿around.thecottoncloselyWith化epopularizationofmachinery,everythingchangesinthisfield.Machineryisrelacinmanuallaborimrovin化euantitandualitofcottonu化sandcreatin化epg,pgqyqyq,gtrendandfashionof1;hetime.NowinFencimvillaeuiteafewfamiliesalreadchose!;〇gg,qyusemachineswhosedailroductionishundredtimeshiherthanthatof.manuallabor,ypgZhou:Nowthecottonquiltscanhemadebymachines,our化adUionalhandmadecottonufingskillhasnomoremarketouneolearenotwillingtokarnthisskUl.Eventhouhfl,ygppgIamw巧linto化achsomeonenoonewantstoleam.g,Thehandmadecottonfluffinndusrnowsacttsnegityifinghemoseverechalleg,graduallyretreatint;othevanishinede.Mancraftsmenhadtohanutheirbowandthengg呂ygpstartedthemachinethereolecanedobsbecausethewerelosntheir.Opphgjyigcompetitiven巧s.ThefamHiarsoundofbowstringcouldonlstainourmemor.yyyTocanyonorU)giveup,化atisaquestionU)Zhou.Atpr郎ent,heisstillunwillingU)stopflufingcotonashehasbeendoingthatforseveraldecades.Flufincotonfillshislife,gwithprideandhappinessandembodieshisexpertiseandhisownvalue.Flufingcoto口isallhisli耗about.Today,peoplenolongerworryabouttheircotonquilts,notevencareabouttheexstenceofhan-cotoncraftsmanttewarmtandotidmadebuhhunfretabletouchinrhhm,ggy,broughtby化emwouldlinero打eolesmindforever.gpp47
广西大単专生硕女酱泣论文广西电视含巧录件《多巧拾进(上)》字幕宿巧巧目报告HaircutCustomerIthasbeenseveraldecades.Morethanthirtyears.yBarberLuoAlreadyfortyyears.CustomerIhavehadmhaircuthereoralmostorears,yfftyyWeareamiliarwitheachotherfAndweareclassmates.Hewasmyfellowworker,InthebackuteamothecountrsidepfyBarberZhaowasfromJinxiCount.Inthe1970shewasaforestrorkerinDebaogy,ywCount.AtthattimebarberLuowashiswo出mate.Laterthewentback化countytowniny,,ysuccessio打.Zhaostillwent化visithisoldfriencTsbarbershopevenafterhisretirement,^nothinghasbeenchaned.g-arbersThestateownedbhopwasopenedin1970s.Severaldecadespassed巧,nsformed-traintocollectiveowned.Thericeof过haircutuietlro化fromcents化mo巧化抑Lpqy过dozenYuan.。seemsnothinghaschanged,timeseems化befrozenhere,andeverythingisoldenoughtobedisplayedinthemuseum.ThereisnosalesmantoserveorromotetheVIPpcard.Sinceeoleareacuaintancessomeofthemhaveevenknownfordecadestheareppq,,yusedtohavetalkswhilewaitingatientl.pyNongYongnian林heBarber)ItstimeU)sweepthetombsothedeceasedfCustomerYesitisthetime.,Haveouotthingsread?ygy48
广西大洋专化巧古単位论文广巧电諷巧纪录作《多巧抢巧■(上)?李幕在巧巧目报舍NonYonnianthe公arbergg()Yes,alreadyreared.ppSincetheyhaveenouhtadtunderstandin.Thereisnoneed抗rthecustomer化saggy^whichhairstyleherefersandthebarberdoesntbothertoask.Servinthesameersonforp,gpdecades,thebarberalreadyrememberedthehairstylebyhishands.Fromhaircuttingtowashing,allthingsaredonebybarberhimself.Butnowthebarbershophasbeenequippedw-beithahotwaterasheater.Thismightthebiggeisttechnicalre凸ovationinthisshopg,putinganend化kettles,usedsincethe1980s.CustomerHisskillisexcellent,NonYonnianthe巧arbergg()Ittakestimetolearnit.Themostdificultstyleisthecrewcut,Itsnoteasytomakeitlatf'Itshouldbeinlinewiththecustomersheadform.’Ifomsheadislong,’Thehairstyleshouldntbethelongones.neNonn--TalkinabouthislearninexperienceithpastYonnianthesevetearoldgg,gg,yybarberillhasvividmemor,stayNonYongniantheBarberg()OurleaderhiredanoldbarbercalledbarberZengfromYoujiangbarbershopToteachusworkmanshipThenwewenUothecountrysideorracticefpSuchasZurontownNaiatownRongsantown.,,gjgFinalledtubu.ycoulseourownsinesswpThebarbershophasnosinboardorshininname.Becausewhenoeneduin1970sggpp,th--打oniswastheveryfirstandordonefor泣lontimeinDebaoCounteed化create过ygy,name.49
广西大学专化巧女学位论文广西记规台纪录井《多巧婚或(上)?车幕奋巧巧目报吿NongYongnian(theBarber)AtthattimewehadlOeoktolearntheworkmanshi-pppFivemen,Jivewomen.NowweareallretiredIn2006,thelastbarbersretired,includingbarberNong.Atthesametime,hairsalonswerecroppingueverwhereinthecount.Oldbarbershosseemedtohavenomarket.pyypBarberNongonderedwhetherheshouldretireandenotiierestofhislifeafterworkinwjygforhalfaentur.cyButsomeoldfriendscametohimandmadehimchangeJiismind.NongYongnian(theBarber)Evenafterretirement,someoldfriendsandregularcustomersstillneedus.SometimesIwasaMtslower,hedidn、seeme,andthenhewouldcomebyhimsdf"’Hewhhaventoucomeet?,yyyyA’’reouoinuUthisobaerretirement?ygg化qJftCometoourhome?yYes,InfactbarberNonneverreallwentawafromhisobthathasaccomaniedhimfor,gyyjpirearsthty.yI化MthemIwouldo,gguttodaIhavesomethintodoy,gIw巧iotomorrow.gKnowingsomereularcustomersstillneedhimbarberNonfinallresumedhisoldg,gycareerwithhisbarberrazorsandclippers.Anothertwobarbersaredoingthesamerunnintheoldbarbershosafterretirinfrom,gpg,-mornstateownedones.Everincustomerswoulda化eraroundtheatebeforebarbersyg,gg'arrival.IntheeyesofbarberNongthereularcustomerslovefortheoldbarbershocould,gpbeexplainedbytheirearsofhabitsandnostalicfeelins.yggNongYongnian(theBarber)50
广巧大单专化讯db単tt论义广话电决巧纪亲件《多巧拾途(上)》单幕巧巧巧目报吿DoingthiscanincreasemyincomeAndbrinconvenienceorcustomersg.fAslongas王amhealth,yIconnuehsoboracouleoearscouldtitijfpfy.巧theoldbarbershopswereregulararmies,thenthestreetrazorstallscouldberegardedasuerri.llasgDiferentfromplainsinnorthChina^countiesofGuangxiaremainlylocatedinmountainlands.DebaoCountyinwesternGuangxi,is过typicalStoneMountainarea.Itisdificultforbarbers1:0gouhillanddowndaletofindcustomersthere.Thereforethep,relativelystablerazorstallismorepop山姐thanrazortiaozi(akindofloadingtoolusedbybarbe巧?)Comaredwiththeoldstlebarbershofacilitiesherearesimler.Thebarberusuallpyp,pycommutes化hisstallbybikethenheuts化ebikeasidethestalltakesouthis化olboxsets,p,,outchairssitsdownandbeinshisbusiness.Thestallisrihtbesidethebazaarwithman,gg,yeoleassingb.Theirbusinessraduallb说omesbetterandbetter.Peoleusuallcomepppygypyheretohaveahaircut.Thewaitinglineisnotlon.Oneendsanotherstartsimmediatel.Thebarbercutshairg,yquickly,takesmoneyandcontinues化dohisjobwithoutstoppingfor泣second.Hisservices-donotincludehairwashingsoastosavemoretime.Someeoleustassbsomecomeanppjpy;u-wherepro化fortheuickconvenientandlowcostservice.化onlcostslessthan10Yuanpq,y,elsecanwefindthiskindofservice?FemalebarberAOurriceisuite!aw,pqUsuallthebarbershowouldchare10U)15Yuanyp,gWeonlychare7Yuan.gAlthouhthefacilitiesarenotveryoodthelowriceandthethouhtfulserviceattractgg,pgmanycustomers.erFemaleb妨bB51
广西大柴专业硕古洋化论义广西电欢台纪录命《多村抢达(上)》字幕柏巧巧目报告Howaboutit?Good.Ilearned化cuthairinZhongshancityofGuangdongrovincein2007.pThenIdabacamebackhereandopenerbershop.Thebusinesswasnotood.gSoIcamehere.NormallyIwoulddohaircuttinormorethan10eoleinoneday.gfppClippers,electrichaircutersandothertoolsareallinthestallnow.Theshaverismainlyusedforshavingfinehairandsidebums.Butitwastot^Idiferentfromstallsintheearlieryeriod.Atthattimebarbersoftenusedshavers.p,WeiXuehuaFolklorist()Atthattimetherewasnobarbershopinthecounty-Wecameomruralareas.frUsingrazoraAndaneckerchief’Wedontusesoap,Justwipethemustachewithwaterbeforeshavin.gNormallycu巧omerswouldshavetheirheadsbald.In化east,manoldmenreferred化shavetheirheadsbaldforhealthandconvenience.pypTheychosetocutcomersinsteadoflookinood.Themanwhoheledtoshavewasnotanggpyrofessionalustanironsmithwhoforedrazors.p,jgAccordin化theZA併的fM如《a/until1945TianbaoDebaoCounthadthefirsteverg,,(y),barbersho.Howeveronltheovernmentoficialscouldotothebarbersho.Normalp,yggpcitizenshadtootothebarberstalls.gBut化wasdificult化findbarberstallsinDebaoCountyatthattime.Barberswerebusyinotherbusinesses;onlyonthefairdayswouldtheycome.Thistraditionstillcontinuesinebao-DCountysruralareas.YandongTownshipofDebaoCounty5方
广巧大単专化巧古単化论文广巧电巧巧货录序《多巧拾送(上)》李幕巧译巧目报告BarberDengTbdcIwtlo化theairtocuthairorothers炒.gffTodaisairday.yf’BarberDengshouseislocatedinYandongTownshiofDebaoCount.Hewillot:othepygfair化cuthairforothersoneverfairda.Thisishishabitthatlastsfordecades,yyEveiydateendinwith1,4or7isthefairdaofYandonownshi.TheincreasinlgygTpgyconnectingroadsbrinconveniencetotheruraleolesothatthecanotothecountgppygywhenevertheylike,noneedstopurchase1:00manydailynecess做sonthefairdays.Yetjoon-erainshppigonthefairdaysis过lontimtditio打;thelovetowalkaroundeventhouhgggygthehavenourchasindemand.yspg,4"BarberDengsstallisatthecenterofthefairmarket.Hestillgetssomefanseventhou^thestallisshabby.Usuallywhenhehangsupthemirror,hisfansalreadysitdownwaitingforhim.Ruraleoleusuallmakecrafts,suchasbamboobasketsandfarmtoolstoppy,make汪livingduringtheslackperiod.Dengsfamilyheritageishaircuting,whichisnaturallywuis-famildurintslackfarminason泣oodatosorthhese.gyppyggCustomerHowmucharethechickens?TenYuan?Onecustomerisbargainingwitfi泣chickendealerwhilehavin辽haircut.gTheeeccrsanerin-ltriityforhaircuteiborrowedfromihbocenoodlestore?虹theggri-wereearldaysbarberstallandricenoodlestoreaairofrecirocalartners.y,pppWeiXuehuFolklorist()Atthattime,Therewasnosoapwhenshavinhair,g'BarberwouldwipethecustomershairwithwaterbeforeshavinitgSochildrenwouldfeelainulwhenthewaterdriedu.pfpTheywerescared.Asaconseuence,arentswoidd化Hthemqp53
广西大樂专业硕古樂位论文广酉巧视合紀录蛛《多巧给送上》李幕奋巧巧目报告()"Iwilltakeou^enjoythericenoodleifyouhaveyourhaircut.yItldbereatenoymentr《hemtohavericenoodlewouago,jfJustlikewecanhavemoredishestoda.yallle}97OsWehadreahardiin.yfBecausehaircutwasainM化化enichildrenoftenrefose化haveit.Thereforearentspj,p,wouldtemttheirchildrenwithricenoodleonthefairdaysinorder化havetheir加ldreiisphaircut;meanwhiletheywillalsotreatthechildrenwithricenoodles.,Withtheconstantimprovementofeoleslivinstandardinruralandurbanareasppg,eoebecomeickforheirhairsleseciallforhoseouhwhowant化beuniue.pplpyttyes,pytytqTheevenreardhairstleasthesmboloffashiontrends.ygyyFortheoldbarberslikeNongthehavenoideahowlontherazorsandreclinerscan,ygsurvive.Withtimepassingby,fashiontrendsarechangingrapidly.Theoldcraftwo山dgraduallystepdownfromthestageandbecometheitemofmuseum.Butwhattheyknowclearlishathitdinaftilltlonithememorieneratio.ytarcuanorrcra,wsagnesofns,yyg54
广巧文単专业项女単化论义广西电玻苗纪录弁《多材於进(上)》单幕巧巧巧目化舍DelicaciesofhildhoodCLiuWenunhasbeenmakinocornformorethan30ears.Heoftentravelsaroundjgppy化ecountryforhisbusiness.Thepopcornthathesellsistraditional.Wheneverhestops,hedoesnotneedtocryout.Thedeafeninsoundfromtheocornmachineisthebe巧atraction.gppElders,ounereoleandchildrenareallamazedbtheironmachineathishands.ygppyLiuWenunaocornmakerj(pp)TakesomeorourchildyfHer色orou.fyLiuWenunistemorarillivinintheurbanvillaeaftersetlindowninGuanxi.jpyggggEachdabeforeoeninhisbusinessLiuwo山dsievecornsforseverallimestoickouttheypg,pbestonestomakesweetandcrisopcom.ppLiuWenunaocornmakerj(pp)Itsellswell.Somecustomershaveniseenitformorethantwentyyears,TheybuocornustormandtorenewtheirmemoriesochUdhood.yjfppfifItwascommoninthe1970sU)1980s.SincetherewerehardlyansnacksorkidsatthattimeyfSotheywouldostleorit.jfrainoealeheselGndmaLiearnsherlivinnlofShuiieNannin.Tchubbstrisrolingyj,gypgdownfrom-thewinnowingfanareo打eofthefavoritesnacks.化iscalledwormshaedricepnoodlebyeoleinSouthChina.Themakinrocessisvereas.Firstly,mixinthemilledppgpyygrawri说flourwi化proportionalcookedriceflour,andevenlykneadingtheminto泣paste.Secondlyourinsomeunboiledoilonthebottomofthewinnowinfanincasetheaste,pggp-stickstothebottom.Thenkneadingthepasteonthewinnowingfantoimprintringlikepaterns.Bydoingthis,thericestriplookslikewormverynmch,thusitwinsthenameofworm-shapedricenoodle.Grandma-Liamakerofwormshapedri说noodle)(55
广西大单专化项古単位论义广巧电规舍纪录序《公社推达(上)》李幕巧巧巧旨报舍The-lerradelwormshapedricenoodisoutitionaldicacy.IntheolddayswecallitextradiskSeveralfaminess巧toetherU)rindtherice.ggAfterrindin,boilin,kneadingandsteaming,wewouldsharethericenoodletoethergggg'Iconstillrecalltheoodtasteothe1960snow.Iteventastedasoodasmeat.gffTenkilometersawaYanXiaoanthesuarartiistisdrawinaintinswithsuar.y,gg,ggpggSugaraintinmadebhimissovividthateolewouldlike化keeitinsteadofeatin化pgypppgHavinlearnedthecraftforeihtearsYantravelledaroundandmadereatroressinggy,gpgsugaraintin.Suaranimalsaintedbhimarelifelike.SuaraintintransformecLsuarpggpygpggintoartwithvisualbeauty.Nowanderitislistedintheintangibleculturalheritage.YanXiao拼ngSugarartistThiskindofsweetisthememoryofmanyeole.ppActuallyoodtt.moretastebeterhansuarnowfgButmostcustomers,includingme,aremissingthesweetnessofourchildhood.Manassenersarewatchinhimmakinsuaraintininsteadofbuinonemabeypggggpgyg,ybecauseeolearenotwillingtohavesweetnowadasorbecause化echerishtheppy,yunforgettablememoryoftheirchildhoodandtheenoablemomentwhenwatchinthejyglewhomakin[〇〇6泌.g口Mr.Xiaoacustomer()Afterallwecouldseeiteverhereonthestreetswhenwewereoung.,ywyWelikethetasteofwhatweatewhenwewereoun.yg(WhenIwasachildIarticularlwishedthatthesuarartistcouldmakeabier)pygggpaintingforme.Suchasacraboradragon.ThenwewouldcomparetheshapeswitheachotherAndcompeteonwhocanfinisheatingitfirstButwewereaUrehdCtanUoeatthemup.Customer56
广巧大単专化项女単位论文广巧电视含纪清并《多巧拾送(上)》单幕巧巧巧曰化告Iavnti.heeverseenhsbeforeSowhenIsawthesugarart,withmyfriendandherchild,IwasverysurrisedpIthoughtitwasamazing.AndIwanttoknowmoreabout巧.’SoliketorecorIddit.Whenthechildrowsuandwatchesitagain,gpHecouldlearnsomethingdierentfD>uring化atperiod^peopledidnthaveenoughfbod化eat,letalonemeat.Thus,friedworm-sedrvesandbeanicenoodemixedwithinerouswasedishthaplChsechisptthbest.I,,doet-fsnmatterwhetheritwaswormshapeornot^actuallywouldntaectthetasteofriceflour.Butthewormshapemakestheordinaryricenoodlebecomeenoablerovidinmorejy,pg,physicalsatisfartion孤dvis础eno卿entforeole?虹peopleschildhoodmemor,thetastejppy-ofwarmshaedricenoodlewilli巧theirhomeMbehih楠pmakethemm.aytisstereasonyeoletreasureittilltoda.ppyLiusetsthestallinthesamelaceforseveraldas.Thebusinessoeswell.Pocornpygpmachineisinfact江ressurevessel.Putrawmaterialssuchascomricebeansandellow,,p^,yriceintothemachine;andthensealmachinecover.Withtheointforceofthetoruerodandjqthetoruetuberotatinheadscrew化keemachinecoverressureseal.Settintheocornq,gppgppmachineonthestandandheatingitwiththefirebelow.Rotatinieocornmachinebgtippyhandatthesametime.巧willmakethegrainevenlheatedandsoftened.Becauseofheatinyg,internalressurerisesslowly.Atacertainressurestoheatinandaimintiieocornpp,pggppmachinecover化wiremeshbags.Forciblyullthesmalllever化loosenthebucklesofbipgbendstructure;sothatundertiiepressureinsidethepopcornmachine,thecoverwillopen.Due化thehightemperatureandhighressuretheaswilletoutalonwiththerocessinpgjgpgrawaterial.Durintheinectionrocessthressureofoutsidedroaidlmakinrinmgj,esr,appppygginternalas化exandraidl,as江resul心化erainwillbeopedandtheopcornismade.gppygpp,p",,-machBanisthesoundmadeboldfashionedocorninewhichwasthechildhoodgypp,57
广西大輿专他巧女単化论义广ir电视含紀录传《多材拾送(上)》单幕巧译巧目报舍memoryofm孤enerations.Mostofthemgrew哗duringthe1960sand1970s.ygCitizenIwasafraidofthatsoundIwhenheocornmakinrocesswasalmostdonewouldhideawayt,ppgpIlovedpopcornwhenIwaslittle.VillaergInwinterduringtheSrinFestival,,pg1¥ewouldsparesomecom《0makeocornppSincewehadnomoney)buysnacksatthattime.UResidenttioreIhaveseenhsbef.Itwasreallyoodioucouldaordocornatthattime,gfyfpp500ramoocorncosts20cents.gfppBothchildrenandadul化werehappytohaveocornassnacks-pp,Duringtheyearswhenpeopledidnthaveenoughfoodtoeat,theywouldtryvariousmethodstofilltheirhungrystomachs.Hencesomeinsectsarecookedastheirfbod.Black,insects,livinginthepaddyfield,wereonedeliciousfoodofmanypeoplewhentheywereoun.ygYangMinxiononeofthevillaerswithhischildrenislookinfortheseauaticgg,g,gqretilesintiteaddfield.ppyChildIdonotknowwhaUtis,myuncleaskedmeU)come,soIdid"issaidthatthisaquaticreptilemainlyrowsatthesideofrivuletsandaddfieldsgpy,needh-becausetheyihualitwater.Sinceesticidesandchemicalfertilizerskilledthemgqypgraduallitismuchhardertofindthemnow.Itsscientificnameisredaciousdivingbeetle.y,pYangMingxionVillagergTheusuallrowinthewateroaddelds.yygfpyfithearerarelseeninthewarNowytey58
广巧大学专化巧古単征论文广西电规含纪录乐《多巧抢送上》单幕巧巧巧目报吿()Ihaveseenandevencauhtthembeoregf.ButnowtherearemuchlessAnditisveryhardtondthem.fi,Someonewhodoesntknowaboutthisuglyreptilecannoteventellitsname,nottomentionitsusage.Itissaidthateatingitisnotustforfillinstomachsbutmoreforitsjg,medicinalvalueintheearlieryears.YangMingiiong(avillager)Whatisthisfor?Icannottellyounow.Youwillknowlater,Mrravesacrosstecounwl-shocornmachneieu.Liutlhtryithhisodfaionedppi.WhlWShengchaoiscryinghiscottoncandyforsale.Costumersofpopcornareoftenadult,whilecottoncandyisoularwithtiiechildren.Thehihtemeratureof100dereescanturntheppgpgwhitesugarintosugarfilam幻Its,aslongasMr.Wutakesgoodcontrolontheangleofinclinationofbamboostickandbalanceofrotationtiiesuarfilamentswouldevenltwine,gyaroundthebamboostickwithpresettingshape.Abigcottoncandyonlyconsumes10gramsofwhitesuar.gYangMinxionVillaergggIcontellounow.yThisisedible,AdeliciousoodwhenIwasalittlebo.fy^Thefiledredaciousdivinbeetlewithleasaatflavoralreadfixedinmaneolespgpyyppchildhoodmemory.Theycanstillrecallthatseveraldecadesaoatthecomersofstreetstheg,,streetvendorarried过loadoffriedredaciousdivinbeelndcriedhioodsforsale.Thectesaspggvendorwasoftenencircledby过groupofchildrenwhoaredroolingforthedelicacy.The打theybouhtsomeandsharedtoetherAtfirst,arentsusedtheredaciousdivinbeetleasggppg,medhl-iflificineforcidrensbedwettn.Butafternwithoilthecristastewontheheartsogyg,pchildren.However,yearslater,thepopul进snackisharcHofind.Now,whenpeopletasteit59
广西大樂专业巧古学巧论义广西电视含纪录井《多社拾巧(上)》孕幕窗巧巧目化告,aain化doesntmatterwhetheritstilltasteslikebeforeornotwhatisimortantisthattheg,,pwarmmemoiiswakingufromthebottomoftheirheart.ypThe--Moldfashionedocornsuarartwormshaedricefloxiredredaciousdivinpp,g,p,pgbeetleandcottoncandaresomethinearefamiliarwithandfarfromus.Whatwearey,gwfamiliarwitharethoseunfoigettablechildhoodmemoriesandtheurewonderfiiltasteonptongues.Butnowtheyarenoloneroularandevenhardtofind.Thosewhomakethesegppdelicaciesarefadingawafromoursihtsnow.ygPeoplerecall化ememoriesandfeelingsofthepast.化ishopedthatthistasteof^livelihoodcouldkeepthewarmthofhomeandbeautifulmemoryofpeopleswonderfulchildhoodforever.60
广巧大棠专业硕古學化论文广苗电观台纪录片《乡巧抢巧上)》字幕颗译巧目报吿(LegendofbirdeathereddressfLiangHuaniandLiangZhuying,areMiaopeoplelivingintheWuyi打gvillageofRonshuiMiaoAuto打omousCountyofGuangxi.Theplacewheretheyliveisnearlgy--kilometerawa200化thecount.TheleavesustickedofarestillfreshTheordinarlook.yyjpyleavesareoingtotakeamazineffect.ggThisfernleafandsomelantashcanbemadeintoamaicaldestuf.LianZhuingpgygycametoGuangxifromGuizhouprovinceaftermanyingherhusband3yearsago,andsincethenshehasbeenlivinginWuyinvillae.ForMiaoeolefabricdeinis过necessaiyskillggpp,ygforeverwomanlivinhere.yg(Wuyingvillage,民ongshuiMiaoAuto打omousCounty,Guangxi)WuyinvillageisthefurthestMiaovillagelocatedattheunctio打ofGuizhouandgjGuanxi.Intermoferahicahalfoftilaeiounttheolositionhevlbelons化民onshuCgggpp,gggy;anotherhalfisunderthejurisdictio打ofCongjiangCountyofGuizhou.。isjustlikeanisolatedislandhiddendeeplyinthemountain,farawayfrom化ehustleandbustleofmodemcivilization.LiangZhuyingpouredsomericewineinto化edyevattoadju巧化epHvalue,soastomaketiiecolorbeterattachedon也ecloth.L’ianZhuing:Likethismixitandtasteititsdone.(g,,y)Whendyeingfabric,Miaopeopleuseindigoi打asthemainmaterial,coupledwithsomesweetotatoesandlantashesasaccessor化makeurlishcotoncloth.Afterdriinandppyppppgdrinitwillbereadforfurtherrocessin.yg,ygp(Grandma:Lookmygrandchild,thisistheLiangbuclothwedressedourgenerationaftcfenerationg)Afterbeati打theclo化materialrevealsitsurlishlusterocolorthecloheswithg.Tt,ppnaturallantsisanancientwisdom.Itsatisfiesthedesireforcolorofalandlockedandpimpoverishedvillageandalsokeeps也enaturalqualityofclo化es.Liangbu,i打化eMiaoareaofGuanxiisreardedbythelocalsasthemostreliablefabricandbasicfabricofallg,gtraditionalcostumes.GandonVillaeRonshuiCountGuanxi(gg,gy,g)NotfarfromtheWuinVillaeGandonVillaeisholdinacontest化celebratetheygg,ggg61
广西乂學专北硕古舉货论文广巧电视台纪录命《身巧抢巧(上)》字幕翻译项目报吿ntern,^IationalWomensDayonMarch8.Ready?Nowbegin!GoGoGo!()--tOnthefieldmenarehavi打afiercetuofwarcometiion0任thefieldYanGuihua,ggp,;gandotherwomenaredressinguforthecarnivalaftercometition.ppYanGuihua:weallwearthiscostumeonceremonieswhichiscalledthebird(g,eathereddressasseddownhtheeldersinamiUes.f,pyf)Bird技athereddressalsocalledLushendressisclo化lrelated化化elivesof化elocals.,,gy*。boastsahisrofthousandsofearsinRonshuiCount.Itwassaidthatintheasttheietoy,ygypwere打0drumsinthemortalworld,humanshadtoclimbladderscalledTiantiinChinese)化(watchthedrumshow.Godavehumansadrumasaiftsoas化ridthemofclimbin.Butgggdurintherocessofivinthedrumfromheavento出emortalworldGo过accidentallgpgg,ydroppedthedrumi打toaclif.TheMiaopeopleregard己dfiaihangchick(江kindofchick)注sthekingofthebirdsatthattime.Itwashim也atconvenedbirdstohelhumans1:0findthepdrum.Thereby,化eMiaopeopledecorateclotheswithwhkefeatherstocommemorate化ehelpofthebirds.,I打LuoRonuanshomeafamiltreasurewasketforeneratio打s化eareverggg,ypg,yyproudofit.化LuoRonguangavillager:Mmomkeptit巧llnowIamthe12enerationsothisg()y,g,dresshasahistoryoalmost300ears.fy)A^stimepassesbythisbirdfeatheieddressbecomestheoldestoneinGuanxi.Naturall,gy,-itisreardedastheorii打alversio打fordressmakinoftheMiaoPeoleggg.pTheb-irdfeathereddressconsistsofablousewithfloweraternsandadresswithp拓a'thers.了heLiangbufabricwillbeembroideredwi出flowers,birdsandras化5aternsongp-theshoulderbackandsleeves.Duetothecomlexatternsan过handmadehchniueit,ppq,usuallytakeshalfaeartocomletetheembroiderinrocess.ypgpFurthermoreendantsmadewithLiuufruitsalsoknownasfruitofearlshellsof,pg(p),wh-avocadositefeathersandhandembroideredsachetsareanimortantartoftheskirt.,ppJi幻ShizhaoDeutyCuratoroRonshuiMuseum:Itis(hesmbololuckand(,pfgyfhappiness.InthatsmallsachetMiaoeolewouldutsomeherbstheythinkcanro化ct,ppppeoleomevilsatersewinandembroiderinthewouldstrinthesachetMdthshellsandpp,,frfggygLiuuuitswhichwouldti.wardoheevlg,frf62
广西大学专化巧古学化论义广西电巧含纪录斧?多巧抢巧上》李幕巧巧巧目报合()(LuoRongguang,avUIager:化hasahistoryof300years.TheeathersandtheplumefallellTheseareuitsoearl.ThisistheshelloTheycanheketwellormorethanffrfpf化pf300year义)Thesachetsandabout60endantsaresewedatpositionssuchasshoulder,sleeves,hemspholedbeofclothanddre泌化makethewressautiMandoreouslikeabird.ggLuoRongguangVillaer:Thisdressisveryimortantdurinsomeestivalsandonthe(gpgfoan’DayfcinandSinin,someonedoesnthave,he/shewUlbeembarrassedHe/sheDggg皆canonlystandonthesideandwatchtheothers.Thisdress重8handeddownommothertofrdaughter.)GandonVillaeRonshuiCount(gg,gy)Comaredwithlainstosurviveinthesteemountaioneneedsmorewisdom.Thepp,p化.?普.ancestorsofLuoRongguangcreatedallofthesebyhandbtakinadvantaeofwhattheyggmountainsrovide.Thealsoneedmorecouraetoettherawmaterialfrommountainstopyggmakebeautifixldresses.Theavocadotreesarehidde打deepin化emountain.Peopleneed化pushasidethebranchescoveredwithsharpthornsthentheavocadofruitswillbefound.,Brother:Iotit(g)(Sister:Goodforou,brother!Youhaveotsoman,nowwecanmakeaskirtLetmeygycatchtheseuitsBecareulfr.f)Dur-womenintheslackfaminseasonatherfa)ether化瓜akedres化susintools化gg,gg,gdigoutthepulsofavocadosandlashingwhitefeathers.Firstl,theillstrintheLiuupyywggfruitandshellsbyneedleandthreadandthentheilltieuthefeathersatthebottomat,ywp,lastsewthesedecorationsonthefabric.,63
广西大単专业硕古學位论文广西记视台纪录《乡村给巧(上)》李幕翻巧巧目化告*AppendixIIIWoikCertifica化I-.THIlfMli'r帖山愧ft??'''—_乘賺義瞒賴丽|?_1???;"蘿1賴师啡雜师_??^..???南廊%.笔涕X#班藥I:*'。:^?1:龄契鲁歡每装黎黨馨聽鑛激稱专鸿為只y巧知驚G毅;盞鑛篡髮纔纔二蒂识s麵誦麵lllllll誦麵8麵麵咖獅誦麵麵議繼麵纖常稳副'■*-台爸濟J.巧;rf!节.it《i!兹遷U辭鸿苗拉??巧巧fr香芯iI'''鑛鑛攀結難鷄繫:;:;皆:,;:;h.畔j|;麵麵囊麵誦I囊I誦議轟!I!讀i;篇畫穀義襲!纖譜議馨誦3费麵賴ii鑛iBtiii^iiilM纖麵-。^-:化.b,?;1^這!.-2l11、^妙a:-^ii^l^l-liWiil誦讓誦iilllBl:^S'線劈;'縱:P一巧IB^l.:巧沒費南巧卑5;《載:教^資^羡.^巧^|^1;?繁5《當的續去^‘:';^;、苗心:這",^乂说離苗為<莫气巧‘‘^^^^^^^^^;马;:错琴;祐彷!知畜為片离矿诗滿^<知化和车;拓:;^;;)么:;女3^皆产遍\乏裏巧與'*----'—;‘*,?in"in^TliiTliTiTnrirBirnftimi-l64'
您可能关注的文档
- 广西桂平市锰矿投资项目报告.doc
- 提升企业管理水平补助项目报告简介(最终版).doc
- 温度检测项目报告.doc
- 计算机实训项目报告五第13组.doc
- 南京景点导游词的翻译项目报告.pdf
- 陪同口译的有效准备——2014南京青奥会模范运动员文化教育活动口译项目报告.pdf
- 《广西大学中加国际学院学生专业分流管理办法》的翻译项目报告.pdf
- 《脊柱内固定系统临床评估》翻译项目报告.pdf
- 广西艺术学院网站翻译项目报告.pdf
- 《绿林荫下》(第四部分)翻译项目报告.pdf
- 万头猪场项目报告书.doc
- 微机原理项目报告.doc
- 英语本科集中实践环节项目报告范文.doc
- 六西格玛项目报告书制作指南.ppt
- 精益六西格玛项目报告模板-.ppt
- 毕业项目报告论文等书写说明与参考样例.doc
- 《山东江泷面条机械研究所及公司手册》翻译项目报告.pdf
- 人类学视域下纪录片《美食之源》(Ⅱ)字幕翻译项目报告.pdf