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'八.一W&..气;.m穗..;巧.诗:...’茜马聲確許'義;誘I馨.町斗篇沪f:古店tj難:該-.信乂^.茫箱穿T堂镶ii叩矜蒸綱译^学位论文r琴V>.r,渉蓄,\1店::"%-;主:古.續;f#'.诚壤砖p兵公0f.去.诗.‘参技...i一戀.茫薦淹;s:1稳,蠢豪转>-在惠.I,’?.陪邮I贿媒轉J藥松f喪‘:-,}I训H一作?运动巧W化教結r..个:动藉项报告.;專如献扣如化t-。翻EIlSW難.I偷仙崎m帥dTf地?te巧W就旅沁M沁講虹IC柳I4IW化"琴‘;贈.,3T.;玲鱗究生棋伊租爹^^^^鄉指导师i旅-i餐爭V.'r/培养位群辦?耸.;S場誘奪/,:.纖.鮮邮杂留,>f;'蓮;’,涵成间^S:每¥^細^.^>.的.%誤间iU令辩:'輪.為r,r0.然心:禱豁;;譯?/參-寡音解;y;y擊.幾尸..:.錢-柏辞驾'篡餐祥、,.談論1遲古|f細.'1
学位论文独创性声明本人郑重声明:所提交的学位是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作和取得的硏究成果。本论文中除引文外,所有实验、数据和有关材料均是真实的。本论文中除引文和致谢的内容外,不包含其他人或其它机构己经发表或撰写过的研巧成果。其他同志对本研究所做的贡献均己在论文中作了声明并表示了谢意。学位论文作者签名1:日期:^化主:^学位论文使用授权声明研究生在校攻读学位期间论文工作的知识产权单位属南京师范大学。学校有权保存本学位论文的电子巧纸质文档,可借阅或上网公布本学位论文的部分或全部内容,可W采用影印、复印等手段保存、汇编本学位论文。学校可W向国家有关机关或机构送交论文的电子和纸质文档,允许论文被查阅和借阅。(保密论文在解密后遵守此规定)/保密论文注释:本学位论文属于保密论文,密级:叫保密期限为年。学位论文作者签名:指导教师签名曰期曰期:从
摘要随着我国改革开放不断深化,,我国对于口译员的需求越来越大关于口译的学术研究也蓬勃发展,吸引着越来越多研究者的目光;同时近几年我国高校MTI培养方案的不断变革创新,更加注重口译员实际翻译技能的培养和提高,不仅关注翻译硕±的理论学习和研究,而且强调学W致用,理论服务口译实践,提高口译水平。本项目报告主要项目报告人在2014年南京青奥会模范运动员文化教育活动中担任陪同口译时的口译实践为依巧,首先探讨陪同口译过程中的重难点问题,即知识。储备量大、文化负载信息量大,经,、灵活性强、记忆力要求窩其次详细研究和讨论报告人提出注重百科知识的平时积累、提前了解活动内容并情景模拟、练习多种口译技巧和策略、培养译员良好也理素质等解决方案。最后,报告人总结本项目报告的主要内容并得出结论,强调本项目报告的目的和重要性,同时呼吁陪同译员高度重视并且认真对待译前准备。,切实提高陪同口译水平和服务质量,顺利完成口译任务关键词:陪同口译;口译重难点;倩景模拟;口译技巧1
AbstractAsthereformandoeni口Umovesforwardi打amuch过eeerroce巧thep呂ppp,demandforinterretersisrowimassivelBesidesthefruitfulachievementsonpgngy.,’i打terpretationsacademicstudieshavedrawnincreasinatentio打fromt:heresearchers.gMeanwhile,MTIroramsi打Chineseu打iversitieshavewit打essedleafrororessbpgpgpgy^puttingmoreemphasisonthetrainingandimprovementoftheinterpretersskills.Bythat^itmea打simportantasitistodowellintheorylearninandstud化eemhasisshouldbegy,plaido打theactualpracticeonthosetheoriessoastomakesureperfectio打intheinterpretersprofessionalskills.,Thisroectreortisfounded0打thereortersliaiso打i打terreti打forAthle化RolepjpppgModelEmmaSnowsillintheCEPof2014NaninYouthOlmicGames.Onthebasisofjgyparticiatininthetraini打sessionandracticalliaiso打interretinexerience,theppggppgpreporteranalyzesthemaorroblemsencountered玉ntheroectincludinawideraneofjppj,ggknow-ledgereserveubiuitousculturallloadedinformatio打flex化ilitininterreti打and,qy,ypg打neniorystres义Afterdetailedresearchanddiscussion,化ereporterproposesseveraltacticstocoewiththoseroblemsincludinenccloedicknowledeaccumulationscenariopp,gypg,simulationvariousinterretinskillsracticeandmentalittraininetc.Thenthereorter,pgpyg,previews化emai打ointsofthewholereortanddrawsaconclusio打hihlihtinthepp,gggpurposeandsignificanceofthisreport.Meanwhile,thereportercallsforliaison*-interreter化atachreatimortance化ieinterretinrearatio打化usi说rovin化epgpppgpp,pglevelandualitofliaisoninterretin.qypgKeywords;liaisoninterpreting;majorproblems;scenariosimulation;interpretingskillsandtactics
ContentsiliMAbstract..iiContentsinIntroduction1GhapterO打eI打terretatio打Studies艮eviewandProectIntroduction3pj1-i1Interpretato打StudiesReview3111LiasoninrretatonudiesAbroad4.?itepiSt1iaininrieiChi.5.1.2Lsoterp巧atkmStudsnna12ProectIntroduction6j1ntrodxictio打toNanin204SummerYouthOlmicGames6.2.1Ig1jyp12.2InroducioAthleteRoleModelsi2014Nani打Youth.ttntotheCEPof打jg7OlympicGames1..23Introductio打1;otheScheduleofliaiso打interpreting9ChaterTwoMaorProblemsEncounteredintheProect12pjj2.1AWideRaeofKnowledeReserve12nggu-2uuuraadedr13.2UbiqitosCltllyloInfomation2.3FlexibilityinInterretin15pg2.4MemorStress16yChapterThreeSolutionstotheProblems183.1EnccloedicKnowledeccumulaion18ypgAt32ScenarioSimulation19.3.3VariousInterpretingSkillsandTacticsPractice203.4MentalityTrainin22gConclusion23Bibliography24AendixMaterial:Orii打alI打teireti打sfor化eProect27ppgpgjcknoweents69Aldgmiii
I打troductionso打nterrets--Liaiipingie打eralltakenasarathereastaskforitsnotsodemandi打gyygqualityrequirementsincomarisonwithotherinterretinteslikesimultaneousppgypinterretinbutasfarasthisroectisconcerneditasksforliaisoninterretin化bepg,pj,pghighly过emandingdue化theinternationalimportanceofinterpretingoccasions,highstatusofliaisontargetinthesportseventandtheuniquerespons化。ityofcultureandeducationprogrammei打ro说otinNaninasadnamicmelTooliswiththousandsofearsofpgj呂ypyhistory.-Theliaisontaretofthisroectisnotaulr1:ouributaworldr化iathlorea巧enowned打gpjg,chamio打a打d化usherliaisoninterretermustbehaverofessionall.Plusdurin化ep,ppy,gcesstliaiso打ro化einterreerneeds化幻ex化ladustherschedulei打Naninund巧p,pyjjgmt:specifkcircumstances。assi巧her化participatei打化eCEPactiv姐esandosofall,efectivelypromotetraditio打alChine化cultureespeciallyJi打lingculturet:otheworldthroughexactinterretin.Fromtheabovementionedthesinificanceofliaiso打pg,greiibv1intert打gsoious化化1.pAsasayinggoeseverthi打oessmoothunderefectiverearation,anditistrueof,yggppn’wasuccessfuliterpreting.A打efectiveinterretingcantbereali之edithoutsuficientpinterretin呂rearatio打?Andtheefectiverearatio打with过cleardirectioncanraisethepppppefectofinterreti打t;oalareextent.Inthisroecttheliaiso打interreterhas化dopggpj,pvarioustypesofinterpreting,i打eludingalternativeinterpreti打g,CO打secutiveinteipreti打g,whiserini打teiretinsihtinterret;打andalitlebitofsimultaneousinterreti打thuspgpg,gpgpg,itrequiringtheinterpreternotonlytohavesolidbilingualskills,acutelisteni打gandcomprehensionskillsandexactexpressio打skillsbutalso化rasrofbunda打d,gppcom*pirehensiveknowledge化ge化erwUhproficientin访rmatio。ieserveskillsandcomprehe打sively的asterthecommo打interpreti打gskiUsaswelli打combi打atio打wi化acalmmen-talconditionodmemorandbeteroltralcicatio打skills.,goycrsscuuommunSoliaisoninterpretingismuchhigherreq山redi打professio打andcapability.Anttt-exceUenliaisoni打terreermusmakesuficientlefectivereinterretinrearationinpyppgppaseccantvobeandchale打esinpifidomi.0打lyi打hiswaca打heorshesetleariousrlmslypginterretinsoastomaxiaHcomletehisorherinterreti打taskerfectl.Howeverpgmy,ppgpy1
■eou化6村飞1化isliaiso打interr別ersathomeareonuneve打i打terretinglevlswithtai打pppygenouhattentiontoeffectiverearatio打andinterretinskillsractice.gpppgp,"Thisroecti:eortisfbmidedonthei:eortersliaiso打interietinfbrAthlete民olepjpppgModelEmmaSnowsini打化eCEPof2014Nani打gYoirthOlymicGames.Inchapteronejp,化ereporterreviewsthesUidieso打liaiso打interpretingathomeandabroadan过introducestheinterpretingproject,I打chaptertwo,thereporterdeeplyanalyzesthemajorproblemsun*encoteredi打interreti打forthisroectincludinawideraneofknowledeieserve,pgpj,ggg-ubiuitouscultureloadedinformationflex化ilitininterreti打a打dmemorstre巧?I打q,ypgychaterthreethereorterroosesseveraltacticstocoewiththoseroblemsincludin,p,pppppgencyclopedicknowledgeaccumulation,scenariosimulation,variousinterpretingskillsandtacticspracticeaswellasmentalitytrainin.Inchaterfourthereorterreviewsthemaingp,ppointsof1;hewholereportanddrawsaconclusio打,highlighti打gthepuiposeandsinificanceofthisreort.Meanwhilethereortercallsforhaisoninterreterstoatachgp,ppg化atimportancetoefectiveprep批ation,thusimproving化elevelandualitofliaisonqyinterreting.p2
ChapterO凸eInterrehtionStudiesReviewandProectpjIntroduction1.1In化rpretationStudiesReviewI打thehistoryofinterpretatio打studies,conferenceinterpreti打ghasbeenthefbcusof‘man*u‘echerforitelotiebutaGar2000:2sidthettiieyisearsqangmszone()a,Aturnof,别21century,apanelandtwosessionsweredevoted化thechangingprofileofthe;nterreti打rofession.Thesefbcusedo打theriseandsi:eadofnewmodesofinterretinpgpg,ppb(,roadlfallingunder化eheadi打ofdialoueinterretingaswellastheincreasiny呂gp,gimportanceofinterpretingforthemedia.Taki打g化eseasectsintoconsideratio打seemedparoriatebecauseoftheacceleratinaceofchaneandexectationsoffurtherpppgpgp,,evolutio打inthe打earfuture0化ermodesofinterreti打includi打dialoueinterretin,pgggpgbecamemoreandmoreimortant.pInteipreti打gisrouhlcomosedofCO打ferencei打terretinandliaiso打inl:erretingyppgp呂basedo打thenaturea打dformalitywi1;h化eactualfact化atliaisoninterpretingisalsoknownasothersi打diferentcountries.Liaiso打interpreti打呂isknownaspublicservicenretr-iteri打i打GeatBritaindialintrtiorthreecorneredinteretininpg,ogueerpengprgAustralia,communityinteireti打orculturali打terreti打inCanada,contactinterretinmpgpgpgScandinavianarea,liaiso打interpreti打gandadhocinteireti打i打someoth巧countries.pgInterpretatio打hasu打dergonecontinuousdevelopmentininterdiscipli打arystudies,frominterpretivetheoryparadigmITemhasizindeverbalizatio打fortheconversionof()pgmeaning化cog打itiveprocessingparadigmCPfocusi打0打化enxe巧ofinterretin()gppgcognition,to打eoroiinguisticp扯adigm(NL)o打the化打ectio打ofhumanbrainduring-interpretinto化elatertaretorientedt:extproductionparadigmTTbasedonskoosgg()peora打d-tthy1;ranslatio打normsa打d化dialoicdiscoursebasedi打eractio打paradigm(DI)gtaki打inteiretatio打asa打i打teractiveactivit.DonYan102Thereforeitissafe化sagpy(g),y化ati打terpretationstudyhas呂onefrombei打glimi化di打thet;extanalysisandraduallygmaderoressinconnectinwi化otherdiscili打eslikesociallinuisticsscholoandpggpg,pygycommunication.Sinceliaiso打intervei:etinisfeaturedbvariousworksitesrelatilhihpgy,ygsubec-tivitandhihdereeoftwowacommunicatio打theinterdiscilinarstudiesjyggy,pyavedawaforeffectiveliaisoninterreti打studies.pypg3
Generallyspeaking,afterliaiso打interpretingtakingi打toshapei打the1970sinAustraliainthewaofcommunityinterretinresearchersfromwesterncountriesypg,CO打tinuedt:oayatte打tio打toliaison^nterreti打and打osstematicresearcherscameoutpp呂yu打试化6beginningof1980s.Domesticrelevantresearchesstartedevenlater.IJ.lLiaisoninterretationStudies乂broadp^Asfbrforeigncountriesliaisoninterpretationstudies,theymai打lyfocuso打communtttettcesofacademcfmcameoutiniyinteireatio打別udies.Andhfirsbahiitspcommunnerretao打neaswentheresearcsaretedattheroblemsityittii化lte1980hhwatpgp,interpretersencounteredincommu打ityinterpretationcoveringtheinterpretersmultiple,rolesini打terretingand化einfhie打ceofinterreterslanuaestlecmserviceefectbasedppggyo打empirical巧化archwithobservationmethod.Inthe义990stherecame1;herapidrowth,gincommunityinterretatio打studies.Atthistimetheresearchwasstillmainlytaretedatp,gtheresearcho打medicalinterpretingandcourti打terpreti打gwi化alittlebitofsign,unaleiinterreting.Besidesof化eresearch0打communitinterretersroleandlaggestytpyp,,alsoexte打dedtotheuaitu打itinterretersualitworksecificatio打andqlyofcommypqy,pStIxai打ingetc.Whenitcame化the21century,westernscholarshaveswkchedtheirfocustotheualitandfutureofcommunityinterretin.Thouhtheroleofcommuni巧interreterqypggpisstillahotissuemoreandmore化searchersonconfere打ceinterreti打startedtoactivel,pgypush抗rward化eresearcheso打communityinterpreting.At化esametime化e巧5〇〇1:[11,,anle0。coramu打it:interrenisrowindivers近ed.orxletlieclientslinuisicttiFeamgypgggp,glevelofand1:hesuortandunderstandi打g0打theinterreterfrom1;heclientsisverypppttf1imporanortheinterpre:erst;ocompleteinterpretation(Mesa100.)巧a打*Ge打llseaki打therewereo打lafewforeinstudiesoliaiso打inteiieti打butypg,ypg,g化etheoriesirdatedo打interpretingpreparatio打wasrathermature,which妃undedasolidtheorsuort仿rin化rreti打ractice.MichaelHalliday(2007)化efamousli打uistofypppgp,gAustralia,everme打tioned化atifwehadaknowledgeabout化esocialCO打textoflanguage,wecouldanticipatewhatwo山dbesaidtosomedegree,a打dthisanticipatio打wasreliable.Strrenseauesseheiiirtlinceineptigiftredbypromtnandtimelinsstanticatonseap,pgyimportant,whichcallsfortheinterpreter化buildasoli过knowledgeontheculture,wayofexressio打andtheli打uistichabiofuae.tsbothtaretlanuaeTLandsourcelanSLpgggg()gg()4
Infactthisknowlediseatimrtacei打reatioa打dmainlrealizedthrouh,geofgrponrangppy,dailaccumulation.Fori打stanceinDanielGile2001s巨fortModelhedividedy,(),=CO打化cutiveinterrtiinto2.hasis+Ne打stesse;CILListe打inan过Anal)pgpp(呂y。。=-N+M-+CRem(o1:etakin)horttermMemoi)(Coordination)2ste:CIg巧y;p,+NR-+Phe化ta民ememberinotereadinProduction,InGilesoiniontl(g)(Ng)()p,cognitiveloadtheinterpretingneedsmustbelessthanthatoftheinterpreterhas.Moreover,’theco打itiveloadineachsteofi打terretinalsomustbelessthanthat;打interpretersgppgmind.良utive打thelimi化dtotalconitiveloadofi打terreter,theualitofinterretinisggpqypghardtotell.Therefoireroblemtrierswillcomeouti打eludinterminoloies,打umbers,pgg,gg,a打dcomlext:echnoioicalglossariesseakersfastseakinseedcomactmformatio打pg,ppgp,p,出stributio打andaccent,andallofthiswillbefarbeyondthelimitoftheinterpreterscoitiveloadanditwillresultinmisinterreti打andevenomission-g打,pgBesidesProfesisorHansVermeertheGermanlini巧姐idtranslationscholar,,guintroducedskoos化eor.Asfarasskoos化eorisCO打cernedtranslationisabehaviorpypy,w*ithatargetandiesultb化edo打theoriginal1:extandthebehaviormustbecompletedthroughconsultatio打■Translationmustabideby汪seriesofrules,skoposrule,intralingualcoherencerueandineruacohere打ceruleasedcmueoveiisobvioushatltli打呂l.B也erlsabtt,criterionoftranslationisnolongerequivalency,butsuficiencyoftranslated化对:realizinganticiatedtaret.ProfessorVeraieeralsooi打tedouttheconcetoftranslationpgppaointment.Bthatitanshatitihetltorlddidtwhe打andppy,metstra打sawhoshouecewha,how化translate化atthtanlatldittrslatittidi打1:0,ersorshouusedfferenano打accsaccorgdiferenttranslationurosesand化etranslatorshouldhave化eriht化decidewhichartpp,gpoforii打al化xtcanbeketoradustedorrevised.Healsoheldtheoinio打thatthegpjp1:ranIationurosedecidestranslatio打tacticsandmethods.Fromtheoinio打saboveitis?ppp,safetosay化eskoos化eoriv巧化einterretersandtra打slatorsmorefreedom化takepygptheirinitiativessoastoflexiblandroerldointerretationandtranslation.Itcanbeyppypshownobvous-ilinreinterretinrearationtaeniavesoknowhetak.Bkinthiittittsygpyg,ppptaret化emainointsanddirectio打s化ei打terreterwillactiveldealwi化化edificultiesg,p,pyencounteredininterpreting,1Liaisoi打tttiiin.1.2nerpreaonStudesChina5
InterpretingasaprofessionisgrowingfastinChina,阻eanwhdemoreandmorescholarsareworkingondeepstudiesofinterpretation也eories,exploringabettercombinationoftheoryandinterretinractice.Butthereareo打lafewstudiesonliaisonpgpyinterpreti打grearations1:udiesfromtherenownedscholarswithalotofroectreo打sonpppjpani打errenven也rireurliailiisotptiggiecompaativelylessdemandngqiementsofsoninterpreting.ForinstanceLiXiaoan,2012:12fromSichuanInternational,y(李晓燕)ShdiesUniversityointedinterretininasecificdomainshouldmakeefective,ppgprearationinterminoloiesbackroundknowledereserveandlanuaetesppg,ggggyppreparatione1;c.ThenProfessorZhang?Filian张吉良,2003:39heldtiiatthesuccessofg()’interpreting化muchdegreedependedontheinterpreterspreparatio打inhisarticle0。Jrrara化9化Inhisviewtheinterretersho山dmanae化knowtheseakerp巧,pgpand化eaudience,theinterpretingspotandequipmentaswellasgetpreparedwi化化6properterms,化emeknowledgeandacalmstateofmind.Dr.LinChaolun,也echiefChine化interpreterofBritishForeignAffairsOfice,evermentionedknowledgeaccumulationwasmoreimortantthaninterretinskillsastheinterreterrewoldb山ppgpg,fbrayounginterpreter,也eeffectivepreparationbeforeinterpretingwasanecesskydue化theirlackofknowledgereserve.Fromtheoinionsaboveanefectiverearationiswatooimortantfor化ep,ppypinterpre化r.Giventhebackground化atChineseMTIcultivationisraduallyswitchinfromgg化eorystudies!;〇interpretingskillstraining,也eprojectreportmainly抗cuseson也es打姐canre-eerretrigoeofinterretingrearationfromtheanlofintinactice.pggppppp1.2ProectIntroductionj12.ntroductontotiGames.1IiNaning2014SummerYouhOlympcjTheYouthOlympicGames,化getherwi化Summer&WinterOlympicsisanintegralpartofOlympicGames.Heldfrom16to28Augu巧undertheorganizationoftheNanjingYou-mthOlympicGamesChganizingCommiteeNYOGOCand化eInternationalOlic()ypComm化eeW〇C),化eNanjing2014SummerYouthOlympicGameswilinessedall28sortsontheOlicrorammescometin.Offthecometitio打fieldsaninteratedpymppgpgp,gcultureandeducationprogramme,wi化equalimportance,focusedoncommunicationabouteducationOlmicvaluessocialchallenesandculturaldiversit.Differentfrom,yp,gy6
theSummera打dWinterOlicsUieYOGutseualemhasis0打interconnectionymp,pqp,*leveiai打onsocialmediatofosterinteractionsbetweenathletesaudiencesouthsof也egg,,yworldandthesportingworldthroughtheOlympicvaluesofexcellence,friendshipand"s*resect.A化eIOCiesidentThomasBachsaidPartiiatii化eYouthOlmicpp,cp打gnypGamesistsimlaboutsortanderformance.Itisalsoaboutmeetineoleofthnopyoerppgpp^culturesandbackgrounds,learningaboutimortantskillsinanathletescareerandaboutp"experie打cing化eOlympicvalues.史国生,2014:4)(1.22IntroductiontoAthleteRoleModelin20Nani.theCEPofs14ngjYouthOlympicGamesTheNanjing2014CultureandEducatio打Programme(CEP)wasdesignedasauniqueandinflue打tialexerie打cetomsireounarticiantso打thebasisofthefivethemesppygppembodmn-yingOlympicvalues:OlympismSkillDeveloetWellBein足Healthy,p,gLifestyle,SocialRespo打s化ilityandExpression.Duri打呂化egamestime,variousactivitiesonsortsandlifeskillswereavailableforathletesandotherounarticiantstooininp,ygppjenabhngthemtogrowintheirsportingcareersandtoromoteahealthlifestle.pyyTheCEPwasdividedi打to6arts,namel,YouthFestival,DazzlinYouth,WoddpygCultureViUage,TouchNanjing,NewMedi泣andMovetheCitywkheachcoveri打g过seriesofCEPactivities.,I打You化FestivalawelcomertcalledLetGtTtherwasdedicted化ever,aseoeapygyYOViresidento打15AugustwhenalltheA也leteRoleModels(worldchampio打s)showedupon化estagetopasso打化eOlympicspiritinarelaxingandftinnyway.Besidesthat,at化eYOVfrom17化27Augustbo化traditionalChineseculturewi化化erepresentativesoftraditionalcostumes,operasacrobaticsandmartialartstonameustafewando化er,,j,intematio打alculturesfromarou打dtheworld,likeAfricandmms,poppi打gandlocking,fm*w拉ncyocrtballshowweredislaed.Duri打化eshowtimesoeARMsweie化ereaitinpyg,gt:ohavefu打wUho1;herathletes■目esidessomeARMswouldalsoshowui打someCEP,p,activitieso山side化eYOV.ForexamleNaninurban〇111s1:11化andtraditionalChinesep,jgartsshowcases化okplaceatLaomendongandNa打inCultureandArtCenterin化ejgeve打i打of24A^uust.gg7
I打Dazzli打YouthARMswereasked化articiateintheactivitiesbelow;Chatwkhg,ppChamio打safonimwhereARMSwerei打vitedtobeon化estaetointeractwi化ou社1p,呂yathlet:es化llintheirinsirinseriesivinadvicetotheaudie打ceo打healthIxai打i打andgpg,ggygldictlifestyleAthletes民oleModelsLomie,aninformallounewhereouthscountera;ggywithARMsstto打ahletes.Itwaconsideredastilebestvermei打theYOVomeechamitp;MusicfbrS吐essRelief:acustomizedmusictherapyprogramincludingmusicchanneling,musicirelaxation:musicandChinesemassagecombination,musicandexercisecombna打andmusicacatio打wererrreiswithsitioprtiippovidedfoYOVsdentARMtincudedforfreearicaoneat;acookcourseuidedbesablishedltitiHlhyCookingpp;gy*chefsforfreearticiatio打with巧istrationbefoiehandasawaofsreadinthethemeppgypgofwellbeinandhealthlifestleEnvironmentalPro化ctio打Booth:an.gyy;e-nvironmentftie打dlyhutwhereusingabuterflyasthelinkforARMSand0化eryoungathletestoexeriencethecharmofreennessbyridinon泣dnamotoenerateenerpggy呂gywhilee打ointhebeautifullacesofintere巧inNaninCitbDIYbuterflmaskjygp,jgyyypai打ting,bytakingvideoso打greensportsspaceromotio打andbleavi打g泣DIYhandpypri打ti打呂;Learn+Share:Exhibitio打sorganizedbytheI打tematio打alOlympicCommitee(IOC)fortheYOVresidentsbyi打vitingtheARMstoengagei打theactivitiesinSafeMovementaimedtoraiseawarenessonkeyissuessuchasahealthybodyimage,*-n-ati化xualharassmentandantiviolencei打InuriesPieventiontoiveathletessometis,jgp〇打inuriesreve打tioninFairPla化raiseawareness0打化e片sksofsortsamblinjp,ypggthroughsomei打teractiveactivitiesandseminarsandtopromote化espiritsofsportsneewitrka打dfairlainAthleteCareerPlanni打!:〇iveadvice!:〇athktso打hotogypy,ggbalancesports,educationandtimemanagement.I打WorldCultureVillageARMswerereired化interactwith化eamesathletes,qug,youngambassadorsa打dNani打Youthi打theculturalhutsofthe204NationalOlicj呂ympCommittees(NOCs)dividedintofourgroupsonthebasisofthemajorcontinents(Europe,AfricaOceania卡AmericaAsiaandi打theChine化CultureHutsasanintroductionof,,),Chi打as5000yearsofcivilizationbyexeriencintheuniuei打tan化leculturalhen化gepgqgofChinasacallirahlearnin0打eortwoChineseoharact:ersa化datinl:heartof,ygpy,g,ppgChinese化a,lis化打ing化Chinesefo化music,practicingTaiChiandwatchingthelivelylio打dance,makingdayfiguresandtinaChi打eseknot.yg8
InTouchNanjing,threeprogramsoutside化eYOVweireorgani之edfor化eparticipationofARMs,youngambassadorsandyoungathle化s,i打eludingAdventureandTreasureHuntingatLaoshanNationalForestParkofNaninwherethearticiantswouldjgpp""comlete1;heultimateNa打in2014Puzzlethrouhaseriesofadventurousamespj呂gg,t-WainAncientCityWallExploraionat也eMinD打as巧CUllHis化rMuseumofNanggyyyjwhere1:heparticipantswouldeno化escenerandintangibleculturalheritagesofNanjingjyyand--theEcofriendlAgricultureatXinzhiBaseSchoolwheirethearticiantsinteractedygppwititithestude打tsbytaki打arti打aseriesofactivitiesonschoollifeandenvironmentgpripcrtecto打.InNewMediaarticia打tscouldexerie打ce3activitiesi打DiitalMediaCenterto,pppgleamhow化maximizedigitalandsocialme出aatworkandinlife;ShareYourStoriestoleamhow化usevideosto化11theirsportsandpersonalseriescreativelythroughvaryingcameraangles,cuttinga打dediting;IOCMediaTrainingbased0打twoope打forumsareplanned,illwhichmedi过expertsandathletesrolemodelsw。!sharebchniquesfbrcommunicatinwithmedi泣andtellininflue打tialseries.ggInMovetheCity,ARMswouldshowupin4roramscoveringSortInitiationheldpgpecomettlbanbii化5化interacwithmthitio打venuesheYOVschoosandurceleratonstp,,outhathleteslocalstudentsandtheublicSortsLaboratorheldinYuzuiWetlandy,p;pyParkinthenewl:ownofHexiasaplatformfor4sporti打gevents(martialarts,-skateboardinrollerskatinarock-climbiasaarofheNaninYouhOlmicgndnttt,gg)pjgypGameO'"打"sranisinCommiteeNYOGOCslearninandshariroect化eUrbangg()ggpj;CelebrationSi化;inWandaPlaza玉打>Jia打yeDistricttoappreciatetheprogressofthecometitio打sandCEPactivities1:oetherwithnationalandinternationalvisitorslocalpg,*resm-identsandreporteisandtheNaninOlicMuseumtotourtheOlicrelatedjgypymp议hdbitio打sforabeteru打derstandingof化ehistorof化eOlmicsand化eYOG.yyp1.2.3Introduc村ontotheSched山eofliaisonint:erpretingFrida15Au,,ygTimeActivityLocation10:50ArrivalinNanNantnrorin脚gLukouInternaioalAitgpj-12:30CheckinYOVEntrance9
16:00MeetIOCStaffLearn&Share-16:W&Share:001700elcomeTourLeam-ARM17:0018:00LouneLeam&Shareg-MeeL么Share18:0018:45tIOCPresidenteam-18:4519:20Dinn巧wit:hIOCPresidentYOVNo.IB山1出ngSaturda16Au.,ygTimeActivityLocation10:45etVoMelunteerCEPInformatio打Desk-11:001200ARMLouneLe&Share:amg ̄— ̄--YOVSl12:0014:00SelffilminuareBockgq_-YOVNo14:001500Lunch.IBuildin:g-15:0016:00MusicforStressReliefYOVSquareBlock17:30MeetIOCStaffLeam&Share-20:0021c:30OpeningCeremonNaningOlympiSortsCentreyjpSunday,17Au.gTimeActivitLocation'y一7:30MeetVolunteerYOVICBCh'WatcTriathlonWomens(-9:0010:30XuanwuLakeTriathlonVenueI打dividualsprintfi打als)SportsPresentation10:30XuanwuLakeTriathlonVenueInterview ̄ ̄ ̄—13:00LunchYOVNo.IBuilding14:50MeetVolunteerCEPInformatio凸Desk-n15:0016:00GlobalIssuesActivitiesPermanetB山IdinYOVg,化vir〇巧。化地。。-16:0016:30TYOVSquareBlock〇:置WorldCulturevillae&g-YOVS163017:30reBlock&Tts:quaenChineseCulture18:00MeetIOCStaffLeam&Share20:00DinnerwithIOCPresidentHdtonWandaHol:elMonda18yAu‘,gTimeActivityLocation ̄—7:40Meet^lunteerYOVICBCch'WatTriathlonMens(-Xuanwu9:0010:30LakeTriathlonVenueIndividualsprintfinals.)-10:4010:50MascotCeremonyXuanwuLakeTria化IonVenue13:00LunYOVNoch.IBuilding16:45MeetVolunteerCEPI打formatio打Desk-17:0018:00InurPreventionLeam底Sharejy-18:0019:00AthleteCareerProgrammeLearn&Share20-ueou:0021:30CHnnerwi化I了UHanlHotely10
Tuesda19Au.y,gTimeActivitLocationy—8:30MeetVolunteerYOVICBCWatchBeachVolleball/y9-NanrtsP:3011:00jingYouthOlympicSoarkpRugbySevensCompetition ̄ ̄ ̄-YOV12:003:00LNo.Buildin1unch1g-13:0013earn底Sare:30ARMLouneLh'g ̄ ̄-18:0019:00DinnerYOVNo.1Building-19:0020:00SafeSportLeam&ShareWednesda,20Au.ygTimeActivityLocation8:00MeetVolunteerLeam底Share8-W:3010:00SportsLabFishmouthetland-11:0012:00Heal也yoki打十LunchYOVSuareBlockCoqg14:40MeetVolunteerCEPInformationDeskAncientCityWallNanjingCityWalloftheMingExlorationDynastpy-+18:3019:30DinnerBiiefingGreen民oomYOVNo.lB山诚n,g-20:3021:30ChatwithChamiosCWC民oomYOVpn,No.lBuil化ngThursday21Au.,gTimeActivityLocation8:00MeetVolunteerLeam&ShareWatchTriathlon(Mixed-Xuanwu9:0011:00LakeTriathlonVenuecontinentalteamrela赶nalsy)10:30SportsPresentationXuanwuLakeTriathlonVenueInterview?12:30LunchYOVNo.fBuilding--13:3014re:30ARMLounge4WrauLeam底Shapp17:30MeetVolunteerCEPInformationDesk20:40DeartureNaninLukouInternatio打alAirortpjgp11
ChapterTwoMajorProblemsEncounteredin化eProjectIntilerocessofliaiso打interretinfor1:hetriathlo打ARMEmmaSnowsill0打化eCEPppgactivitiesi打1;heNanjingYOG,the^reporterinevitablye打counteredvariousdificulties,,si打ceitwastibefirsttimeforhertodoliaiso打interretinforaworldchamion.Whatspgp巧〇化,化e化ernesofinterpretingcoveredt:oomanydomainswi化sportsplay,Olympicculture,traditionalChineseculture,environmentalprelectionandlacesofinteirestinpNanjingincluded.ThoughtheARMhadabitofAustralianaccent,shewasveryconsiderate化speakasclearlyassheCO山d,so化eaccentbroughtlitleproblems!:〇myterettttinri打.ExceforherolienesstihschedlefCEPactivitieso打variousthemesp呂pp,guo,different化inki打gatternsandexressions打oiss別environme打tsstillshodi打化ewapp,ypy,ofthereporterslai打liaiso打interretin.ppg2.1乂WideRangeofKnowledgeReserveThei打formatio打theinterpreter打eedstoprocessi打theinterpreti打gisway化〇comlicatedandmulticulturalwi化allki打dsof1:oicsi打eludedcoveri打li打uisticculturalpp,呂gknowndrofessonanow-ledgeapilkledge过swellase打ccloediarelateduestions.Thoughypq化einterretertosomeexte打tcanbeconsideredtobeab化nualexertheorsheisstillpgp,oss化e化bestrucome化ttplkbysrminoborroerermsorse打tenceswihrofoundgypppculturalcontentslikeunsandokesfromtheseakersoutofimromtuseech.Besidespjpppp,nomaterhowwellthei打terpreterpreparedforallpossibletopicsandprofessional,knowledge,thewideran呂eofknowledeisstillfarbeondinterretersexectation.gyppAsafamoussayingin至nterretinoesaninterretershoul过knowsomethinaboutpgg,pgeverythingandeverythi打gaboutsomething(任文,2008:6.Itgivesafiillexreissio打ofa)pualfied打ewhoshouetttqiitrpreterl过bbohaspecialisinasped打cdomaina打daeneralisgi打almosteveryasectofdaillife.Onlbydeveloinaoodhabitofexlorinlatestpyypg呂pgnewsandkeepingaope打mind!:〇everythi打gi打lifecan化einterreteross化lyhandleanppyoss化lechalle打ei打actuali打化rretin.Develoinaoodinterreti打habitisamu巧fbrpgpgpggpgefectiverearation.ItistrueofHaiso打interretin.pppg"Asforliaisoninterpreting,it[requirestheinterpretersnotonlytobuildasolidlinuisticfoundationhaveoodcommunicationskillsbutalsohaveacalmmentalg,jg"conditio打andawiderangeofknowledgereserve.叶裙洁,2014.Differentfrom()12
cofeeti打'nrenceml:ipregtowhichthetJnemesandconte打tsareIegularlyarrangedbeforehandliasoninterretnscomarativeltemoalanduncertainchaninwi化化e:iiiyr,,pgppgg,chaneof化eseakersintention.Thusitreuires化einterretertoreareinadvancebgp,qpppycollectingallposs化lyrelativeresourcesindifferentdomai打san过memorizi打gterminologyaschasheorshecoui-fbrmlemuld1:ogetherwthalongtermknowledgerever化,exap,,payingatte打tio打tothecitys打ewspaperastoknowwh注thappe打si打thecityeveryday."Fortheinterretersawiderraneofknowlede1:hehavethemoresuccessflilthep,,ggy,,interretatio打willbe2014.p(黃敏,1:)I打1tel:heroe巧;hereorterencouneredthedificuhofwideraneofknowledpj,pyggreserveseveraltimeswhileinterpreting.Forexample,sincetheARMwasaliiathiete,Iw,assupposed化haveageneralideabefbrehandabouttheARMscareer,achievements,abouttheInternationalTriathlonU打ion(ITU)anditspresident,aboutAus化alianandChi打esctriathlondevelopme打tsituationsaswdlasthecompeti巧o打srulesoftriathloni。mw'ne打ome打andkami打Olmicsandthestandardi之edrouti打eofrizeiesentatiosoas,yppp!;〇efectivelyreareformUaiso打interreti打.ButduetothefactthatIamat:otalppyp呂laymanoftriathlonand化etighttimingIfailed化ras化esedetailedro托ssional,gppknowledgeandI,asexpected,didnotinterpretverywellwhenaChi打esesportsreporterapproachedi打terviewi打g£mm泣:记者:您好,斯诺希尔女±,据我所知,您被国际铁联认为是铁人H项历史上成就最,您是奥运通军高的女运动员,联邦冠军同时还蝶联H次世锦赛冠军您曾12次,,!夺得国际铁联组织的世界杯冠军,真是太棒了您真是个超级女英雄!Interreter:HiMissSnowsillasknowouaxeknownashehhesawardwinninp,,Itit,ygg,womani打thehistorandouvewo打thechamionshifbrsomantimes!Soy,yppyunbelievable!Youarearealshero!m,Duetoylimitedundersta打di打gofEmmaS打owsiirssportsachievements,Icouldntrememb巧allhertitlesandthosesparklingtitlesofherstaightwinning,lusitwasa打p,unexpectedi打terviewlastingforashorttime,Ididnthavetimetokeepnotes,Ifailedtointt.;erpi:etexaclyandfaithfully2-.2Ubiq山t:ousC山turallyloaded虹formation"Generallseakiacutur-ltoypng,lalloadedwordisawordwhichhasfolkcusmy13
meaning,symbolizingathi打gorahenomencmexistinodi打0打e打ationorawordwi化p呂y"noaa^conttio打化tcannotbeunderstood化erall.刘和平,2001:2巧Wkhieard化y(gcultural-loarstanocorwordsfortem。heetlydedwod,hererealmostrespondmgh至ttarg"k打uae.2001:81said,awordimfamiliari打thetaretlanuaewhichingg()gggri打cileshouldbeasourcelanuaeSLc山turalwordswhosereferenceiseculiar1:oppg呂()p化"eSLculture."AccordingtoNida。993:105,Theroleoflanguaewithinacultureand化e)ginfluenceofthecultureon化emeani打sofwordsandidiomsaresoervasive化atscarcelygpa打y化如canbeadequatelyunderst:oodwithoutcarefulconsiderationofitsculturalnd’’backrou.Thatbeinsaid化effectivelcomle把aninterretatio打task化egg,ypp,mu,i打terpretermustpaychattentio打!:〇化eculturecontentsin化elanguage.InNidass1:udy,hedividedcultureintofourcategories打amelecoloicalculturematerialcukuresocial,y,g,,cu-trelureliisltuandlinuiicculureandaccordinlthecltrallloaded,oucuresttuugg;gy,ywordswere出vded-tua-oadedii打toecologicalculturallyloadedwordsmaerialclturllyl,wordoca--ssilculturaliloade过wordsreliiousculturallloadedwordsandlinuistic,y,gyg-culturallloadedwords.黄敏011;1y(,2巧-Inviewofliaisoninterpretingculturallloadedi打formatio打ismoi:eubiuitousthan,yqconfere打ceinterretinForliai打inerrinainldealwitiithinreti打inpg.sotpetgmyseterpg化urs-i的etcitwillexodinalartclurallinformatitobe,bepsegeamounofutoadedoninterretedandmostof化emwerebeo打dexectation.Whenreari打fordailschedulepypy,pp呂-l:heinteip化t:ermusttaketheinitiativestothinkofanyoss化leculturerelatedtoicsandppmemorizeasmanypro巧termsasoss化le.Uncertai打tandhighexosureofppypcu-manlturalloadedinfortio打brinsmuchdificulty化liaiso打interreti.gpg-In化eroect,theubiuitousculturallloadedinformatio打brouhtmanyobstacles化pjqygtheinterpreting.I打theYouthOlmpicVillagYOV1;heliaiso打interreterhad化ye(),pinterp化tforeveryactivitfromtraditionalChinesecallirah化Chinesefo化music,化ygpyChinese化化arts,化Chinesemartialartsand化化eartofChinese化a,tonameu巧afew.jForexample,whe打theARMha打edaroundintheChineseCultureVillage,sheaskedgforatryoftheChinesecalligraphy.Thentheinterpreterirrterpretedcorrectlyabo山也ecomo打e打tsof化eChinesecharacterticandheai打lChineecallirahwhnpisstmstyesofsgpye化emasterwaswritingandexplainin呂i打Chinese:点、,dot;横,horizontal;竖,vertical;14
-se-提orrisin擦,pressdow打orrihtfalli打撇throwawaorleftfallin折,break,rig;gg;,yg;orturninhook弯endslantetc.Seaki打Chinesecallirahstles:,b短撇ofg;钩,;;,,pggpyy篆书,Zhuanshu,sealscriptandthereweresmallseala打dreatorbigsealforit.Theginscriptionson化eboneswere化ebigseala打dthesmallsealwas化estandard化ntinQinD打astishucericalscritorofficialscritbecaseLiinChinesecharacters;隶书lu,yy,L,pptaem-csvesciormeansheofficilsdoinaerwork斗于书Xinshusiurirtrunningscritgp;p;,g,pp草书,Caoshu,cursivescriptorgrassscript;丰皆书,Kaishu,regularscriptorstandardscript.Fom-adedr1:hecaseaboveitissafetoconclude化attheubiuitousculturalllo,qyinformatio打isas巧iousdifficultforsuccessfulliaisoninterretin.ypg2.3FlexibilitinInterretinypgDanicaSeleskovichthewoii过r打erti打translationfmFranceointedout,eownedxperopinterretinwasanactio打ofcommunication.I打terretationis泣waofrevealinga打过pgpy,car打eaersurosetothes打erthrouctcorrecand日uentvocallifyigthespkppliteghexa,texre巧t-waerpion.Inerretationbynatureis江twocomiminicationreali之edbtheintreterpyypwork-幻thi打gasalinki打gbride.InC怎么护CThfer化化^Con化制扣ve^cA,egp推巧"authorointedoutthecommunicativenatureandexressivewasofinterretationp,pypdefinesthemainfeaturesofinterpretationnamelromtness,fidelit,flexibilitand,y,ppyycolloquy.(胡开宝,郭鸿杰,2007;巧Differentfromtherofessionali打terreti打1化econfere打ceinterreti打liaiso打ppgpg,interpretinghasauniuecharacteristicofcommunicatio打due化theliaiso打打atureitself.qLiaisoninterpretingisacommunicativebehaviorand化einterpreteractsasacommunicatorininterretinactiveltakinartincommunicationtoetherwiththetwopg,ygpgpartiesi打volvedandexerti打gimact0打theeffectivecommu打icatio打.ZlianTi打gtinpg''縛婷,201330uliaisoninterreermusclarihisorherroleininteiretin:)ptThett,,pfypgii打amel,anactivemouthieceaflex化iecommunicatoranobectiveadviserandaostveyp,,jp,,,coordi打ator.Duri打gi打terreti打g,i打ordertomakesurethei打terreterssig打ifica打ceasappbreoatocoectecttttwsesofcommuncationtheinterreteridgrlinknnffeivelywihheoidi,ptcawedisrequiredto打exiblytake化einitiatives1:obreak化eiceorclearmisundersandingbydifferentculturalbackroundsorbydifferentlanuagehabitsinsteadofjustggw",i打tei:i:etnor过wo.whienterssubecivefibrdIn0化erwordsonlendire化rteortsp呂y,ypj15
achievedanobectivecommunicationefectcanwesatheinterreterdidareatobwi化jypgj"sueriorua化of.p化rvke蔡小红,2007;3qy(巧B’esidesof化ecommunicationnatureofliaisoninterpreting,theinterretersvis化化巧p"scisssasconousneiloanimprovementof化esign巧canceof打ex化化ty.In也einterpretingactivities,出esubectivitconsciousnessof化einterretermainlshowsinthreeasects:jypyp’化-einteirpretersvisibilitconsciousnessemowermentconsciousnessand打oneutraly,p,"’osition.胡文仲,2011:27Theinterretersvisib化tconsciousnessrefersp()py化也efact化attheinterpretercanirecognizehisorherroleofoneofthesubjectof化ecommunication"activity,including化esubectofconductininterretinbehaviorthesube幻ofeualjgpg,jq:,talkinw地化etwosidesnotust化einvis制eeole化convertes2012;28g,cod.辆赞,jpp()IntheroecttakentheoalsofCEPintonidti化emainurpj,gcoseraono化sof也e,ppestablishmentofCEPactivitiesareinvitinARMsandathletestoactivelarticiateingyppandexperiencethetrad扣onalChineseandlocalculturesandtheintangibleculturalheritagesaswellas化spread化eOlicsirit.Thereforeit化uires也einterreter化ympp,qptakethein化ativetocommunicatewi化化ebothseakerandlistenerlei凸rt化p,avgoefonuide也eARM化beintriuedb化eseactggyivitiesthrouh日exibleinterretintactics,suchgpgasomission,ad出tion,literalinterpretation,freeintupretationandtransliteration.2.4MemoryStressInterpretingasaverbalcommunicationaimedattransferri打informationisinvolved,g,3aspectsinthewholeprocess:linuisticinputrocessinandout山,orunderstanding,pgpg,"interretationandexiession.DanicaSeleskovichsummed啤therocessintoatriangle:pppMeaning/\/.\/\/-■\'乙LanguageA—…—LanguageBNaea—>一mlLnuaeMea打inLa打uaeBr化striancasee化ey,ggAggg.Fomileweng,*rocessofinterieti打is化erocessofCO打versio打fromonelanuae10ano化ernd化eppg.Apgg16
psychologicalrocessisrealizednotinali打earwabuta杜iaiilewa?(胡开宝,享鸿杰,pygy2007:3)Toi打terpr巧LanguageA1;oLanguageB,tiieinterpretermustexperiencelistening,analznundineriziummarzinthLanuaAbefbreyig,erstandg,mmongandsigeggettti打terpreti打.Whatisworthmentioninisthatinerretinisfeauredbromnessandggpgyppcontinuity.Eve打化ouhtherocessofi打terretiniscomosedofaarentldiferentgppgpppyhasiestibeinutunderstandinan过exressionarealmostcomletedsimultaneousl.p,p,gppy了116巧民e巧ion)巧化ehiterrekrisnotallowed化化inkcarefullabout过beterwaofexir,pyypforalo打eriodoftime.Besidesforliaiso打interretinitoftenhaensinvariousgp,pg,ppoccas-ithexddionsondifferentthemeswhennotetakingisimossible,sotomuctentepensp,*-化eon化einterreterssufficientandeffectiveiei打terretinrearationo化envi化gp,pppp,interpreterwouldcomeacrossalotofdificultiesandfinallyfail化completethei打tcrrcti打t泣sks.pg17
ChapterThreeSolutions(:〇化eProblems-eBcontentrei打trretationrearationcanbedividedintoli打uisticrearationy,,ppppgppenc-yclopedicknowlederearationinterretinskillsrearationandredearturegpp,pgpppparat--reionBtimeitismainlcomosedoflontermrearationandshorttermpp;y,ypgpprearation.ppLon-t;ermrearationincludesstudininterretinskills1;oicknowlededomaingppygpg,pg,-knowledeandvocabuaclulturalsensitivitlllrutivatincandcrosscuturagy,gycommunicationawareness.Alloftiiemareamu巧for江smoothinterpreting1;ask."Short-termrearation]efers化化esecificrearatio打tliei打terretermakesforanppppppinterpretingtask.Technicallyspeakingitcoversunderstandinthebackroundofthe,gginterretin化erearationforthetoicsrelatedlinuisticrearationscholoicalpg,ppp,gpp,pyg-rearationredearturerearationndcountdownrerti.pp,aaaonpppppp3.1EnccloedicKnowledeAccumula村onypgInliaisoninterretinitisacommondific山tdealwi化thewideraneofpg,y化gknowedevende-illirinthlgreserathubquitousculturaoadednformation.Howeveehase,pre-ofiiiterretatio打rearationainatentio打化thedailenccloedicknowledepppp,pygyypgaccumuai-lto打isnodoubtaoodlontermrearation.ggppAualifiedliaisoninterreterissuo化d化haveawideraneofknowledesinceqpppggheorshewillinevitablyminglewi化diferentpeoplewithdifferentbackgrounds,talkingonvarious化picsandsetlingallkindsofredictableandunredictablecontinencies.Toppgpushforward化econversationinaharmoniousatmosphere,theinterpretermustgraspe打cyclope出cknowledge.Enc-mcylope出cknowledgeaccumulationcanberealizedthroughthelongteraccumulationfromdailstudanddaillife.Thereforeanexcellentinterretersho山dbeyyy,paersonofcuriositetininterestedinasmandomainsasoss化le.py,ggypIn1;hisproject,化ereportermainlyinterpre化donsuchdomainsassports,Chineseculture,transport,environmentalrotectionandtourism.Diversifiedtopicsasitcovered,p化ereorterhadbultitwinOlicirtionandofainpiagoodhabofknogymp打fomapyg-t-matenion化theECandCEtranslationsi打sindaillife.Forexalethereportergyp,accumulatedmanydomainvocabularybyclassifyingvocabularyintodomainsand18
meiinedoievertwrifinanceolitics;rcultudsmerzonma打oweekscoven1ouismreangyg,p,,-sorts.Moreover化twoearMTIcou化difeatinificanceinhelinep,eyrse5ysorsgpgmginterpretmasystematicwaybcombinm化eorwi化mdailractice.ygyyyp3.2ScenarioSimulationAsafamoussayingoes,racticemakeserfect.Practicebysee打ariosimulatio打isgppuiteaconstructivewaofefectiverearation.Benariosimulationtheliaisonqyppy化也einterpretercanredictwhatchallenesheorshewincomeacrossandtiien化inkaboutpg.fasol山ionsaccordinlthrouhwhich化einterre化1can化duce化e:riskofailedgy,gpinterretation化化eutmostp.I凸化6roect化6interreterhadtakenartin社leYounAmbassadorsS的sioninpj,ppgMarch化rtheCEPre-ameehadags化sts.Thereforebefore化eeventtherorterhadp,,panintquiteclearpic化reaboutall化eCEPactivitiesoutside化eYOVbyaccompygheyoungambassadors化theancientcitywallofMinDast化化eLaoshanNationalgyny,ForestParkandtoexperiencetheHealthyookinandtheMusicforStressReliefandlastCgvenzhausracclheiiisitthXigiBseSchool.DetotheimilaCEPtivitiessheduetexerencen,pMarchleftbo化cherishedmemoryandhelpfulinstructionsonliaisoninterpreting.Later-moheinJulthereorter1;ookartinthetwoonthtraininssionofCEPfrty,ppg化NaninYouthOlicGameswitiitwoartsofscenariosimulationincluded:CEPcour化jgymppattendanceandfieldworkractice.pcouteForCEPrseatendancefirstofllthereorterexloiedallrsonalinformationa,,pppaboutall化einvitedARMssoas化knowhow化b山Idaharmoniousrelationshipwith也e’-rmARMsdurinthe7daoreorlessliaisonactivities.Bdiin也eARMSinfoationgg,ymygg’ImadeaclearIkton也edosanddontsofmyARMEmmaSnowsill.Thoughat贷nt,I’couldntselectmyownARMthrou化elatercontinuouss化dIassedthe日nal1;estand,ghypgottheermission化a巧istEmmaS打owsUl.Moreover也estudonotherARMsalsop,yibadeninmprovidedsupportandeffectiverearationformrealinterretinfortsrogyppypg,vocabularyonsportsetc.Besides,Basedon出esedosa打ddon化aswellas化efir巧scheduledraftoftlieARMstheinterretermadesecificlansandcontinencsolutions,pppgyaccordinlreendedecoursesleaNinhisWr.Moeover化eintrr別eratthmman,gy,pgjgyNaninintanibleculturalheritaesOlivular&AfortheGamesaswellasgg,cocabjgympy,Q19
tteierreter化eeiueteandsecurittrai打i打.Forexamleastheeiuetetrai打i打化ntqy吕p,qg,plearnedhow化sita打dstandroerlandhow:iltitescalatoror10olt:eenandouoftileppypyg化ftwhenaccoma打intheARMswhihisofreatinflue打ceonminterretinandm,cpyggypgydaillife.Lasttth化tri化interreterdeuasee打ariosimulationy,aee打dofeanin呂,epmapwith別hervolunteersasa化巧fbrmytrainineffect.Boranizin化escenariosimulationgygg,迂打dwatchi打o化知volu打teersworkthei打terterlearnedalotandrearedmoregprcppsuficientlfor化einterretin.ypgAsfor化efeldworki化iterreternt化all化CEPtivitiesskesinsideiractceenwe6ac,ppandoutsideoftheYouthOlympicVillagetwicebeforeiJieopeningceremony,,communicatingwiththestafsbotho打theARMstasksi打eachactivitand0打1:heactivityyitself.Ifposs化le,tiiereportercollectedallthema打ualsandintroductio打elated,化entranslatedthemintoEnhshforacrundeitintheactiviti.Bidestheleare:sandof巧巧gg,reportercheckedalltransport1:0化eoutsideYOVCEPactivities,andmanaged化sdecUhemostconvenienttranspoitfortheARMEmm过SnowsUl.Ateachsite也einterreterhadto,pfigureoutwheretheARMshoul过stawhattheARMshoulddoandwhotheARMshouldy,talk化andwhatthewouldtalksoas化reareforeachossiblechallenesandmakeypppgsolutionsaccordingly.Evenrightbefore1:heinterpreting,1:heinterpreterwouldconfirmshebrought过pen,thevoicerecordera打otebookandabotleofwater化e打shewouldarrive化eCEPactivit,ysi把s10minutesearliertoCO打巧rmwi化化emanag巧化ewholeprocessandsometimesexeriencedthiviteiepeactisnrson,p3.3VariousInterre村nSkillsandTac村csPracticepg’'mInStudiesonInterpretationandInterpretersTrainingGvlohm尽兰袭,2007:,y运,0held化enoninretiskillsinft1巧oiithat化ecultivation0打the打terretersiternwasacpppgi1:0makesureheorshecouldcreativelyandproperlyuseallvariouslinguistcand-e打0打li打uisticknowle过ehii打terretin.Inarticulartheinterreti打skillstheinterrterggpgp,pgp打eedstograspareasfolows:publicspeechmea打i打liste打i打a打da打alsismemor,,ggy,yallocatio打ofattentionlanuaeconversionsummar打umberCO打versioncro巧乂ultural,gg,y,,mmu打—coicatio打emere打csettleme打ta打drei打terreti打rearatio打.Alloftheseskills,gyppgpp-callfordailracticeasalontermrearatio打forinteiireti打.Forexamleduri打theypgpppgp,g20
YOG化'eveaininandamestimetheinterreterlistenedto化eAus甘alian民adiorgg,pymorninandparahrasedthemainideasever2minutessoas化etadustedtothegpygjAustralianacce打t.Moreover,化ein化rpretertried化interpretforthevideoso打Chatwi化Championsin2010SingaporeYouthOlympicGamessoas化understandthegeneralprocessofthisforum.Due化thefactthatKaiso打interpretinginthisproectusualljy’haensinacomarativelycomfortableoccasio凸,theinterreter出加tcomeacrosstooppppmuchobstaclesi打numberconversio凸.Nevertheleiss,inothertypesofliaise打interpreting,’letssayliaiso打interretininafactortheinterretershouldatachreatimortancetopgy,pgpnumbe、rconversionbytakinnotesinaieceofaer.Tohandleitwellitcallsfortihtgp,ppgsecificnumberii-coihereterpnterretngpractice.Asforcrossculturemmuncationtorp,p*mainlshouldered也eesiilitofsreia凸dti也eelitetraditionalyiponsbypadngpromongChineseculturetotheoutsideworld,thusthereporterwasasked化別themainointofgpChinesecultureandexperienceinpersonthendescribeitinthewayofwesternlanguagestyle,whichusuallycallsforsomeinterretintactics.pgThereareseveralinterpretintacticsavailableforefectivehaisoninterpreting.gAmongsomanarethetransliterationandarahrasinworthme打tionin.Transliterationyppggis化selloutawordinsourcelanuaewith出ealhabetintaretlanuage.I凸hispggpggoiniontranlittionisnrnedwithreresihehonmithriilp,seraotconcepentngtecsofeona,pgbutstrives化repress打t化echaractersroerl.周明,2014;24Itmakesthesoundppy()simil加tosourcelanguagereadersbywhichtobrin化eChinesec山Uirecloseto化etaretgglanaereceiverssoastorteChieltueiomonsecurs.Forexamle国民觉Kuomntangug;pp,g南京Nann-i,KUorMartialarts.Pahaii扛tlation.It,g;功夫onfrarsnsmoreofaeeransjgpgisafranslationme化od!;〇keep化eoriginalmeaningorsensebychangingtheformof也6or-iginaltext.Itemphasizesthecrossculturecommunicationeffectanditisarocessofprewri巧ngsourcelanuaewi化diferentwordsanddiferentstructures.ggForexample:"一金陵明导游;在我们东北面的城墙下,有片波光瓣緻的湖面,这就是被誉为"珠的玄武湖。这里东界钟山,南临九华,西对鸡笼,环抱在群山之中的玄武湖娟秀"一"抚媚I秀丽多姿,像面清澈明亮的镜子,将龙幡虎踞的古城映照得格外雍容动人。目前玄武湖的水陆面巧巧有472公顷洲组成,分别是环、攫、,整个湖面有五块梁、菱、翠洲。其实玄武湖早在王國时期就是孙权操练水军的场所,在当时也称为练21
武湖,后来传说此湖出现过墨龙(也就是扬子鳄),故改名玄武湖。顺着我手的方向向右前方看到的这唾山就是钟山也叫紫金山,山顶白色建筑群就是著名的紫金山天文台。那里至今还保存着过去的浑仪、简仪,W及我国3000年前就使用的圭表和地平经韩线。化ter-Inter:I打the打ortheastoftheCiWallistheshinnearlofNani打Xua打WUptyypjgLake,whichislocatedinthewestofZijinMountai打,打OrthofJiuhuaMountai打andeastofJilongMountai打.Surroundedbythesegiants,thebeautifulXuanwuLakeislikeamirror,rflitheleaceandcharmofthisancientciCoverinhectareshelakeisieectngegnty.g4721:,dottedbyfiveislandscalledHuan,Yi打,LianinandCui.Duri打化eThreeKindomsgg,Lg呂geriod化elakewaseve。usedtotrai打化enavandracticemilitarexercises.Thep,ypymountainon1:herightis化eZiinMountianorPurleGoldMoimtai打,thewhitebuildinj,pgo打topistheObservatory,wherestillpreservesarmillarysphe化,abridgedarmillaandsundialandAltazimuthlinewhichweireused3000earsaoinChina.yg3.4MentalitTrahi化ygAcalmstateofmindisamustforauali行edinterreter.Asforliaisoninterretingqpp,ivenitsrelativelcomfortableworkenvironmenttheinterreterisusuallunderarathergy,pypeacefolmood.Asfaras化isroectisconcerned化isisthefir巧timefor化einterter化pj,p化nretfo打aevuufediteroraworldchamindsomtimesee打underaroofeoleshesreppgppp,fromt:oomuchiressureandnervousness.pTodealwiththeroblemt:heinterretershouldlearn化doublicseaki打.I打TheArtp,pppg"ofPublicSeakinheuhorhldononhafonationasviduasublic,tatetheiittrsforindilpgp,,p’,speakingisavitalwayofexressinideasandachievinobectiv巧.Stehe打E.Lucaspggj(p2010:3)Si打cetheli打guisticfactorsUanguagespecificatio打,clearwayofthinki打gandcohere打deri-打tscptio打ine打emlublicseaki打andthe打0打liuisticfactorsvoice)gppg呂(volume,speed,intonation,appearance,dressa打deyecontactetc.arealsoworthnotic己in)interpretingeseciallinliaisoninterretin.pypg22
Go打uso打diI打order化doanexcellentliaiso打interpreti打g化色interreterisreuirednot0打l化be,pqyposses化dofcertainlinguisticknowledgean过skillsb山alsodemandsawideraneof,gknowledgereserveaswellasprofoundculturalattainment.Atthesametime,liaison*tttttininerpretersaresupposedo幻exiblyinerpietinaproperwayi打巧eadofinerpregw--munmacordbywordgiventhecomicatio打括atureofliaisoninterpreti打gandthereatiptg,oftheclientspersonalstatusandhisorhererso打alit.Butallofthisshouldbewellpycombinedtlirougheffectiveinterretinreparation.Effectiverearationinallasectsispgppppm-ofaramountortanceothesuccessofinternetinroects.itppjgpjThisreportisbase过o打化erojectthereorterarticiatedinlastAuu巧.Durintheppppggwholerocessof化eliaiso打interretinfbr化eARMEmmaSnowsillin化eCEPactivitiesppgoftheNanjing2014YouthOlympicGames,化ereporterencouiUeredfourdificulties,includinghighrequirementsofawiderangeofknowledgereserve,ubiquitous-cultureloadedinformationhihflex化iliti打interreti打andhihreuirementsof,gyp呂gqmemor.Afterdetailedstudanddiscussion化erertrofortionsasanyy,oeros巧usuespppggeffectiverearationtocoewiththoseroblems,includinenccloedicknowledgeppppgypaccumulation,see打ariosimulation,variousinterpretin径skillsa打dtacticspracticeandmentalityaini打?任呂Aafrsho-prtomrttermreparatio打beforeinterpretingliaisoninterretersshouldalsop,patachreat-tfimortancetolontermrearaion.Theshouldbuildasoundawarene巧ogpgppyaccumulati打gdomai打化rmseveryday,developagoodi打terpreti打ghabitbypracticing-mseSnterretingskillsatleast4hourserdaandmo巧ofallbeoenindedtotheoutidppy,pworldforallinterestingthinssoastocultivatetheire打ccloedicknowledethrouhallgypggossewaspibly.Thesucce巧ofaninterpretingprojectislargelyattributable化化eeffectiverearatio打workdaneffetivreratiisanitfoulifiedintrreter.pp,anceppao打ec巧syraqaep0打lthrouhefectiverearationconantracticeandtimelcorrectioncanwebeygpp,巧pybeterualifiedfoHnterreti打groectsanddeliversatisfactorerformance.qppjyp23
化WiorahygpW1GarzonG.似如/e.么MViieds..2000./巧/"//?27。伽/.,ezz()/巧£[]叮[口Amsterdam/PWladelphia:JohnBenjaminsPublishi打gCompany.Gi\QQiCtd.2eDMdttdTlatorTrawinM.2l.Basco打cesanoelsorInerreeranr幻ns[],pg[\fpJohnBenaminsPublishinComan.jgpyHalli过a.A.3M.K.2007A打interretatio打of1;hefu打ctio打al化1姐〇1131]|betwee打],[yp口-languageandsocialstructureJ.TheCollectedWorks(10):6782.[]?4Lucas,S.巨.2010.TTiee口巧gM.ForeignLanguageTeachi打gand[]破[]ResearchPress.5MesaA.2000.Theculturalinterreter:anareciatedrofessional.Resultsofastudy[]pppp0打interretinservices:die打theaUhcareworkandinterreterointsofview.pg,pp口]-BENJAMINSTRANSLATIONLIBRARY1.3:6782,6MundJ.2006.IntroducinTranslationStudesM.LNewYork;[]y,giondonand[\Routledge.[7]NewmarkP?乂2001.Tfcc巧。0皮0/Tram7公化?巧M.ShanhaiForeinLanuae,[]ggggEducatio打Press.[8]Nida,E.A.1993.TranslatingMeamng[M].EnglishLanguageInstitute,9N〇TdC0Trlttttlhes.2Q\.ansainasaPuroseulAcivi:FuncionaAroac[],gpfypp*£;x:^7>7eManoenLaniaeGatirewp<i,ShhaiFiiiEduioiP.[]gggg*-[10]SnellHornbyM.2001.7>饼2*57公倫巧汉成及制;加化您6(:/^0口(/31^[.Shanhai,巧饼公所[]gForeignLanguageEducatio打Press.11TlerAM..F.2002.EssaonthePrinilesTranslationFeinLanae[]y,ycpoforg[]gguTe*achingid民esearchPiess.扣V'ermeer.Hans.J.1989.方公巧JCow所/在巧从乃幻加io乃。別/〇巧M-Londo打[]andNewYoric:民outledge.""13鲍刚,1996二外国语学院学报》,,译前准备术语强记的方法论J,《北京第[][]-(3):4243。[14]蔡小红,2007,《口译评估》[M]。北京:中国对外翻译出版公司。-15,201205。,曰译研究范式与释意理论机《》(33):1021[]董燕,外语教学16郭兰英,2007,《口译于口译人才培养研究》M。北京;科学出版社。[][]24
-17韩振宇2002口译中的作用J,(2):2533。,,笔巧在《中国[][]科技翻译》18胡开宝、郭鸿杰,2007,《英汉语言对比于曰译》M。江宁:大连理工大学出版[][]社。-[19胡文仲,2011,《联络陪同日译》M。安徽:安徽科学技术出版社。][]20黄敏,2011,《。:。[]联络陪同日译》[M安徽安徽科学技术出版社]?2黄为折、钱慧杰、达妮卡,1992,《口译技艺》M。上海:上海[U赛莱斯科维奇[]翻译出版公司。22,2013D。[黄漫,文化图式理论与会议口译中的文化负载词处理。硕±学位论文[]]北京:外交学院。[23]胡赞,2012,从译者的显身意识看外事联络陪同译中的曰译策略。硕±学位论文[D]。湖南:中南大学。[24]贾小妹,2010,口译过程中的也理负效应及其应对策略,《广东教育学院学报》[巧-(4):7074。[25]蒋凤霞、潘速、吴湛,2010,《交际法测试理论指导下的口译测试模式研究》[M]。吉林:吉林大学出版社。[26]李芳琴,2004,口译交际的基本特点与口译教学的,《四川外语学院学报》(3):-116119。[27]黎难秋,2002,《中国口译史》[M]。山东:青岛出版社。[28李巧文,2012,论现场口译的临场机智与应变策略。硕古学位论文D。天津:天][]津外国语大学。[29]李晓燕,2012,谈图式理论关照下译前准备对提商专业曰译质量的作用。硕±学位论文[D]。四川:四川外国语大学。口0]林超伦,2011,《实战曰译》M。北京:外语教学与研究出版社。[][3。刘和平,2005,《口译理论与教学》[M]。北京:中国对外翻译出版社。一3200一刘和平,],21《曰译技巧思维科学与曰译推理教学法》M。北京:中国对[[]外翻译出版社。33彭萍2013,《。[,翻译伦理学》M北京:中央编译出版社。][]34乔曾锐一一M,2000《》。:[,译论翻译经验与翻译艺术的评论和探讨]北京中华][工商联合出版社。3520081,,《》M。:[]任文交替传译]北京夕惯教学与研究出版社[3生,2014。,《南京青奥会志愿者实用手册》M江苏:江苏凤凰科学技术出[巧史国[]25
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Appendix:OriinalInterretinMaterialsfortheProectgpgjSpeakerInterpreter1.音乐减压1.MusicforStressRelief"大家好,欢迎来到音乐减压项目。Helloeverone.Welcome化化eMusic,y’forStre巧民eliefprogram.Thisroramisdesined化romo化化epggpfriendshipamong化eyouthfrom本项目通过中国传统音乐及与推拿、功differentcountriesandnationalities,法组合形式的实施,促进不同国家和民spreadtheexcellentandprofound族青少年的友好交往,向全世界青年运traditionalChineseculture化young动员和志愿者传播博大精深的优秀传athletesandvolunteersacrosstheworld,统文化,培养积极的人生态度和健康生II,anddevelootimisticattitudestowardspp活方式。lifeandhealthylifestylesthroughthecombinationoftraditionalChinesemusic,massageandmartialarts.Thisprogramisaimedatthrougha本项目通过中国传统音乐组合的协同snerwtthetraionahineseygyihditlC形式,让参与者得到也理和生理调适、musichelpingparticipantsadust出eirj精神和身体两方面的放松,消除紧张情psychologyandphysiologyrelax,绪,释放压力,改善睡眠状况,起到调Ithemselvesmentallandhysicallyyp,整和放松作用,使来巧者能臥最充沛的improvetheirsleepbydissipatingtension精力投入比赛或工作中。andpr糾sure,soas化allowthem化coeterworkenereticall.mpogy在国际大型体育运动竞赛中运动员常Inlareinternationalortseventsg巧,因紧张和压力出现疲劳、睡眠质量下athletessuferinfromtensionandg降,以?及其他不穂定也理状态。ressure化nd化feelfatiuesleebadpg,p,andotherunstablementalities.适当的音乐与中医推拿、功法相组合能Undersuchacircumstance,a化erapy27
缓解神经紧张,使肌肉放松,呼吸平稳,combiningappropriatemusic,Chinese'、a也情舒畅,改善離眠质量,减搔巳理压mssageandmartialartscanhelp化em力,缓解焦虑情绪。reducenervoustensionrelaxmuscles,,smoothtoeathandmoodimroveslee,pp,a打deasementalressureandanxiety.pWemainlyprovidecombinedmusicaecoectherpiswhichnsistofonMusi我们主要提供音乐姐合式调理,1个Guidanceandfourimplementaryunits,一引导单元和静态营乐减压、音巧推拿namelListeningtoMusicMusicaly,一Mu组合式放松、音乐功法组合式放松、ParticiationsicandMassaeaswellp,g音乐參与4个实施单元,为运动员等提asMusicandMartialarts.These供减压放松养生服务,传播中医文化和化erapiesaredesigned1:oprovidesuch禮康的生活方式0servicesasressurerelief,relaxationandp,h'ealthpreservatio打asweUas化spieadthetraditionalChineseme出calcultureandhealthyUfestles.y,化请大家跟我走,首先进入音乐引导单Pleasefollowme.Letsfirstenoejy元。MusicGuidance.…在这环节,专业人员会对参与者进行Inthisartrofessionalstafwillp,p’压力和情绪波动等改变的观察和经络observeand化Stparticipa打tspressure检测化的测试,综合考虑參与者竞赛压andmoodfluctuationthroughameridians力和情绪整体情况,引导参与者进入不detectorandtakeintoconsiderationtheir同的感受单元,对参与者进行分流,也overallressureandmoodsoastouidepg可科根据参与者的需求直接进入不同themintodifferentuiii化orallow也em的感受单元。intocorrespon出ngunitsas化6火\\^511.Aeamememr打on-erbatthstianyothevl,同时酷频宣传、國片介绍、肢体语methodssuchaspromotionalfilms,言引导、动作展示等非语言形式营造文IIII^ntroduc化ricturesuidinesturesyp,,呂gg化氛围,展示中国传统音乐义化。a打dmotio打dislawillhelcreateanpypatmoshere化showthetraditionalp28
Chinesemusicculture.Thissessio打is1:0beheldindoorsfrom0—andf我们每天上午1:3011:10和下午10:30化ll:10roml4:3(Uol7:10.—-打14:3017:10都在室内开放,8月16Butitwillbeclosedfrom14:3017:300日、28日因开闭幕式,下午營停运行and28e化theeni打。August16化化加邸g大家只有有空,都可1^来放松身必。ceremonyandClosingCeremony.Aslo打asouarefreeoftimeouaregy,yalwayswelcometocomei打an过irelax.现在大家进入了静态音乐减压单元。Welcome化化e济aticMusicforStressRelief.BasedonChineseclassicalmusic,rssure-eielefemed瓜usicieceswillprithp中国古典音乐为主,选择及编配、beselect对composed,producedand制作音乐减压相应曲目,集合成为音乐gatheredintoamusiclibrary.According,库。根据参与者在音乐引导单元测试结化articiants化stinresultsin化eppg果、运动项目和比赛时间,选取合适的MusicGuidanceaswellastheirime音乐库里音乐曲目,结合体感音波治疗competitionsortsanddurationtp,系统,进行音乐减压。stafwillchooseappropriateiecesfrompthemusiclibraryandusethesoundwave瓜otion化nsintreatmentsstem化helgypthemrelieveressurethroughmusic.pAt化erequestofinstructors,participants指导师指导受乐者取卧位或半卧位,戴m-willreai打supineorsemisupineand耳机,在引导语和放松音乐的引导下,I>Ifollowtheguanceandmusici打化eid让全身逐步进入放松状态,达到有效缓headsettoleavetheirbodyrelaxedand解身也紧张状况的目的。relievetheirtensionbothmentalland,yphysically.一foe音量妙自我感觉舒适为度,般控制在Comrtablevolumusuallyranesfromg?2060dB么间。20服化60娘.—我们每天10303030—from:11:和14:17:Thissessionis1:0beheMindoors/29
10都在室巧开放。10:30化11:SOandftom14:30化17:10.Eachtime151:〇20minutesareavailable15-20每场时长分钟,每场可容纳5人。for5ersons.pc-Butitwillbelosedfrom14:3017:30on8月16日、28日因开闭幕式,下午暂/uiust16tha打d28thduetotheOening,pg停运巧。ceremo打yandClosi打Ceremon.gy大家只要有时间都可封随时进来听听Aslonasouarefreeoftimeoucangy,yinlisie巧mui化r径音乐,放松自我,当然乐疗过禮中可cometenng化somsosc切提出中途方文弃。relaxation.Ofcourseoucanaskfor,yleavingduringthemusicaltreatment.-ssaNextisMusicmagecombination.In,一we接下来是音乐推拿组合式放松单元。舶Sartwillleamaboutarticiantsp,pp一在这环节中,我们将参考音乐引导单possiblesportsinuriesandsecialethnicjp,遁过墳表或简短交谈了解taboosthrouhletinthefilinform元测试结果ggmla参与者可能有的运动伤害和特殊民族orabriefdiscussionandthenivethemg禁忌,为参与者进行适度推拿放松。anappropriatelyrelaxingmassagebasedo打the化stingresultsoftheMusicGuidance.因为不同运动员的体感存在差异,在体In化eearlexerie打ce化estafwill化巧yp,验初期,由工作人员测试按摩的手法thesatechnromthei,masgequesft征得体验者同意后,选取合适的手法进somatosensesondiferenathletesand,行推拿按摩。selecttheappropriatemassage化chniues,qUndertheguidanceof化aditionalChinese由中蔭师指导运动员取卧位或坐位,听hsciansaicianillremipyi,prtptswan放松音乐,音量臥感觉舒适为度。s-upineorsemisupineandlisten化rdaxi打gusicatacomfortablevolume.m耳令听音乐的同时,根据每个运动员的运Meanwhieaccodin10di筋nortlr:retss,gp动功能、,切放松身也为基本原则fea沈ahlerssilfwill,选择otteofeonasta,p30
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一舶祝您度过愉快的天。Wishyouallahappyy!2.体育展巧采访2.SportsPresentationInterview您好,斯诺希尔女i,很乗幸见到您。班,MissSnowsill,Iamsohonored1:〇m--。mouhlabl我是JJ,今天比赛的现场解说员eety.Ia化tepyypayannouncer.’Hiitsmhonor化meetou.您好,很乘幸见到您。,化yyJJ,很高兴见到您。您可臥说是我的偶像Iamsoglad1:0seeyou.Youarekindof,了。我在国内现场解说过好几次铁人三myidol.Iveannouncedalotfortriathlon项比赛,您知道吗,您是很多运动员的competitionathome,andyouknowwhat,,,ouare化eoofmantathete,ve偶像我听说过很多关于您的辉煌战yidlyrilI绩。heardsomuchaboutyou.T,hankouanditsreallmhonoro.S,这是,对于y,yy谢谢您我的乘幸。不过今whatcanIdofor舶Scometition?天的比赛需要我做什么吗?pWell,sincefort:oday,youwillbe今天比赛结束么后我们将对您进行10nviewedforabounuehenitert10mitsw分钟左右的采巧。您介意我现在就您的thecompetitio打isoverdooumindme,y运动生涯问您几个问题作为简单的彩asknafewuestonsabouourcareerigqity,排吗?*w?likeaki打dofiehearsalfbr化eintervieSure.Goahead.当然不介意,您问吧。一Wh首先,第个问题,您的运动生涯始于Firstofall,endidyoustartyour什么时候?triathlo打career?Well,Istarteddoingtriathlo打at化eage鳴,我14岁开始练铁人王项。of14.Well,^mpres化d.Youweresoyoung哦,看起来您还很小的时候就确定了铁whenyoudecidedtobeatriathlon人兰项的目标了。那您有什么难^忘怀athlete.Doouhaveanunforetable^yyg的运动经理可和观众分享吗?exeriencesabouttriathlon化沈areV/她ptheaudie打ce?Everyonewilldefinitelyexperiencemany每个普通人都会遭遇很多次低谷。我--兰项赛中途退se化acks.I打化e2007HVeeTrleeyiatho打2007年在HyV獄人33
一Tou一rnament,Ihad1:0dropouthalfway.出,这是我唯次中途退出比赛。ThatwastheonlycometitionIhadpdroedout.ppAfter化enIalwaysfeltverexhausbd.y一Inthefallthedoctorciianosedmewitih那,总是觉得很,g年接下来的时间里疲a■sthma.Istillrernembei化atmybody倦。秋天,医生诊断我患了哮喘病。男Pwassostifandtheribs化myspineand次比赛时我觉得浑身僵硬,从肋骨到脊化myhipallgotbadlynumb.Ihadnever椎再到臀部都麻木了,我W前从来没遇'cameacrossthecircumstancesofthis至!J这样隋况。kind.,IcouldntmovemlesandIketygpcouhincontinuousl.AtfirstI化ouhtI腮动不了,我还不停地嗦嗽。最祝我ggygu,jsthadaCO化oritsusttheweather化0为只是感冒,或者是天气太干了。我的jhincemfamilhanisorof。cysyysohty家族里没有任何种类的咚喘病史asthmaatall.Ifeltlike化eskywerefalli打guponme,我当好觉得天都要塌下来了。但是我没butInevertitioughtofgivi打呂up.Ialways有想就逸样放弃。我知道,站在奧林睡keepitmyheartthat化e打atio打alglory克的赛场上,國家的荣誉和輿林匹克的andOlympicspiritsmaterthemostin?一。只要好好康复,切>精神是最重要的Olympicfield.AslongasItakeflie还可慢慢重来,我不会放弃。initiatives化irecoverever化incanbe,yg化started.1winneveriveu.gp…ewha真是让人感动的故事r化uchinstories.Lastonetdo。最后个问题,Vyg,一您认为个杰出的铁人H项這动员需you^inkis化emostimportantquality要最重耍的品质是什么?foranexcellenttriathlete?Well,I化inkpersistoice,objective我认为坚持、客观的自我认知、对生活e-mabslfreflectionenthusiasoutlifeand,一充满热情和冷静的屯、态对个杰出的IIacalmatitudearethemostimportantfor铁人三项运动员是最重要的。这同样适IIanexcellenttriathlete.Itistrueofany一用于每个人。othererson.p34
真是让人印象深刻的回答。艾玛,很抱Veryimressive.ThanksEmma.Iamsop,了。sorrbutIhavetoleaveforthe歉,我必须离开解说比赛ycompetition.So,laterIwillpickyouupattheProtocol稍后我会到礼宾办公室接您,然后我们Oficeandthenwewillgoto化estart一起到自巧车比赛的起点进行粟访。pointofcyclingforinterview.谢谢您能腾出时间见我,待会见。Iappreciateitfbryourtime.Seeyoulater.Emma;OKseeou.好的,。,y待会见3.DiscussionontheProcessofMascot3.吉样物颁奖流程讨论Ceremony早上好,艾玛。你好吗?陆,Emma,oodmomi打g.Howisitgoin?ggVeryood.Sowhatdoou打eedme!:〇dogy很好?。请问今天需要我做什么,fbr化dayscompetition?u"Well,t:odayyowillpresentmascotsto今天您将为冠亚季军赠送吉祥物。the1;opathletes.Sowhenthecometitionisoverwilloup,y所趴比赛结束后请您在礼宾办公室等pleasewaitat化eProtocolOficefor化e候礼仪志愿者,她们会带您到等候区,presentationceremonyvolunteers?They等候颁奖。willleadyou!;〇化ewaitingareafbrresentation.p一当第位嘉宾向运动员颁发奖牌回到Whenthefirstguestpresentmedals1:othe位置后,您就走上台向运动员赠送吉祥athletesandback化herlace,youcangop物,然后回到原位。on化estageandresentmascobto化epathetesandobackoourlacelt.gypOK.rilwaitattheProtocolO巧ce.Good好的,我会在礼宾办公室等候。祝您今一luckfortod巧!天好运,切顺測!一谢谢,祝您度过愉快的!Thankouandhaveaniceda天yy!35
4—?绿ronental試空间环保小屋4.GreenSpaceEnvimPro化ctionBoo化斯诺希尔女±elloMiSnowill.Ithemanaer,您好。我是环保小屋的H,sssamgoflcoo化.项目负责人。化eEnvironmentalPro:etio打BHe'llonice化meetou.rmverha好,很高兴见到您,很开心能来到这,yyppy您化behere.Thanksforouinvitation.里,谢谢您的邀请。y一Fir巧ofleallointrode首先,请让我为您简单地介绍下我们化pseawme化uc的小屋。在您的左手边是我们的也愿brieflourbooth.Onourleftisourwi纯yy墙,进入小屋的每个人都可^许下保护wllwhicheveronecanstickhis^aony緑色地球的承诺,把它贴在墙上激励romiseonenvironmentalrotectionasa,pp着每个人用实际行动保护绿色家园waofencouraement1;〇takeaction.。ygOhIlikeit.Dooumindmewritin嗯,我喜欲。介意我现在写下我的承谐,ygmineonit?吗?!Thatwoudbereatoahead那真是太好了lg.G.OKi打frontofouisa3Dicturewall.,ypItdepictsthemo巧famousplaceof^-interestinNaningr.SunYetsensj,D一-ausoleum.Drsenisthe好的.SunYet,在您的正前方是面墙,墙上的M3D图倒是南京重要的名胜古迹中山陵,founderandresidentofRepublicofp是圍父孙中山先生陵墓的所在地。陵墓Chinaandtheleaderofthe民epuWic一R边有条小径,曲径通幽,五彩的蝴蝶evolutionof1911inChin的ehistory.自由飞舞,阳光下显褐美丽极了。值得Ononesideof化emausoleumlaya一,这是个3D图画edoresr化地e提的是,旨在让人twistfttailexte打ding们能身临其境感受南京的自然和人文distance.艮owsofbutterfliesflyfreeliny景观的和谐離合。titlesunshine.Yousee化e3Dhchnologyworksi打bringingpeoleclosetothepharmoniouscoexistenceoftiienaturalandculturalbeautyofNaninCit.j呂y’a一Itsrellamazint!!IfimeisavailableI,我定要yg,真是太惊奇了如果有时间willtakeavisit!:〇themausoleum.参观中山陵。36
Welcome!Doyouseethebutter日ieson.欢迎您!您看到您右手边的墙上的蝴蝶thewall0打yourright?Theseflying了吗?这些多飘舞的蝴蝶能感知,它们butterfliescanfeelyourhandmovement会随着您的手势来回移动,你可yu式andcanfly化ward化edirectionofoury试。hand.Youcantrit.y’Yeahitsue!.Fantastic!,,tr哇是真的。真神奇Pleasecomealong.Thisisthekinetic请跟我朝里走,这里是动能自行车体验bicycleexperiencearea.Whencyclin巧g,区。您骑自行车的时候,它前面的视频,_IIIwillmimicyourcyclingarouiidthecity一会随之变化,模拟骑车绕南京城圈,byshowingallthefamousplacesof您可W看到南京所有的著名自然、人文terean打eeeouin巧ofNjig.Atthsamtim,y■景观。同的,,您还可W骑快点和别人I.cancompetewithothersbycheckingwho竞赛,看谁用时最短。这无疑是个非常’usestheshortesttime.Soyoucan化11its有趣生动的锻炼方式,欢迎您闲暇时间afunnyandenvironmentalwayof前来体验。workout.Welcometocomeatyourleisuretime!Ilovecycling,Tmonnacompetewithg我非常喜欢骑自行车!。我要和他比赛him!eco来吧,如果您打破纪录,可W把您的记Comeon!Ifoucreateanewr吐youy!utitoncor录写在这个记录墙上cantheRedWall!pOh,interesting,b山Icouldhavecycling!哦,真有趣,但我能骑得更快的faster.WalkforwardandweareintheColored一直超前走,这是彩绘手印区andaininaeaYoucanainour,您可Whptgr.pty将颜料涂在手上,然后快速的按在纸handwithiment,山ourhandonthepgpy上,写下您的签名和激励的话语。paperquicklybeforeitdriss.Thensignournameandourwordsofyyencouragementonit.OK.Iwannausethecolorofmnational好的,我要用我们国旗的颜色,黄色和yflaellowandreen.g,y绿色。g37
Thisisourhot:oraharea.Hereoupgpyy这是我们的摄影区,如果您想和青年朋.ca打sharewi化化enagersyouradviceon友分享保护缘色地球的建议的话,镜头Iprotectingthegreenearth.Camerais在送。您知道吗,摩洛哥王子刚刚就录here.Youknowwhat,PrinceofMorocco了一段视频。您也可说些什么。camehereu巧nowand1;ookavideoofjhouwannadoi?im.YtOh,really?SopityIsho山dhavearrived?。哦,,真的吗真遗憾我应该早点来*hereearlier.owt.OKNitsmyurn.Hello,。好的,现在轮到我来录了大家好,我everyonePmEmmaSnowsUIthe,,是澳大利亚铁人H项运动员艾玛?斯诺化iathletefromAustralia.TheEarthisour希尔。地球是我们的母亲,让我们携起erLefkeacion;o化押化moth.statstge一手来起行动,让她美貌永荘。每个人keep主化beauty.Youcanmakea都能创造大不同!Idifference.洗手间在那边。Was虹oomisaroundtiiecomer.’孔anks.Whatsthat?Amask?Itlooks谢谢。那是什么?面具?看着像个蝴eauterlikbtfly.蝶。这是我们的蝴蝶面具制作间。您可W在Thisisour目uterflyMaskMaking上面徐颜輯,也可W写字。您看,这上民oom.Youcanpaintorwriteon比See,面是近几天参观的客人留下的作品,这thesearetheworksofthevisitors’rece.是摩洛哥王子留下的作品和签名。ntly.ThisisPrinceofMoroccosworkandsignature.Iwant化makeamask.艾玛也想做个面具。好的,这是颜料。您慢慢画吧thisistheiment.Takeourtime。我就在OK,pgy.旁边,有什么需要帮忙告诉我就好。andIamhereincaseouneedhelypYouwriteverwell.Whatdoesitm??yean?你字写的真好这是什么意思’我写的是我国东晋时期的书法家王義Whatheswritingistheworkof化egreat之先生的文章《兰亭序》。王先生和其calligrapherinDongJinDynasty,Mr.他文人墨客相约会稽,畅饮赋诗,各舒WanXizhi/Veceo么奶伽.Onedagy,,知/g胸臆,由義之写序。他的文笔是我国灿Mranaointedwi也othermenof.Wgpp38
一烂文化的大瑰宝ettersataarkofKuaiiCount.Th巧。lpjydrankwhi化spiritsandindeedoems化pexresstheirfeelins.LatertheypgrecommendedMr.WangtowrUeaprefacefor化eG〇necl;ionsof化eirworks‘’Thanks化MrWfreel.angsycharacteristicstyleofcalligraphyandgreatwritingtalent,化ePrefaceofLantinisrecognizedasoneof化egpricelesstreasuresintraditionalChineseculture.ThecommonChinesestrokesareas纪llows:点dothorizontal竖,横,;,;verticalriseorrisin,ress;提,g;掠p-downorrihtfa化n撇throwawaorgg;,y-rleftfallin折breakortunin;钩g;,g,hook弯bend短撇slantetc.;,;,,SpeakingofChinesecalligraphystyles:篆书Zhuanshusealscritand化ere,,p汉字笔画有:点横坚提,,,,,掠撇,weresmallsealandgreatorbigsealfor折,钩,弯,短撇,etc.中国书法字体nces化it.Theisriptio打S0打化ebonweree有:篆书行书,隶书草书,楷书。王,,bigsealandthesmallsealwas化e義之的字是草书。、standardfontinQinDynasty;隶书,Lishulerilitorofficialscrit,ccascrppbecau化Li,inChinesecharactersmeans化eoficialsdoingpaperwork;4于书,Xingshusemi-cursivescritormimin,pgscritCaoshucursivescritor,p;草书,prassscrit书Kaishureularscritg,p;楷,gporstandardscript.Wangwasexcellentin39
cursivescript.Sooulearnedhiscallirahy?No那你是学了他的书法?难怪写的这么ygpwonderouwrotesowe!ll!女子yThankou.IwillkeeitwithmewhenIypamback化mycountry.Iamwry谢谢。回国的时候我会带着它,真是让impressed.人过目难忘。等我画完我的面具,我们hamawe—WhenIfinisintinskcan可W。pgmy,起拍张照takephotostogether.您画的真椿,您可W再这签上您的名Youaintsowe比Youcansignyourp。autorahhere.字.gpOKLefsakeho!.好的.ttos,我们来拍照吧pThanksforbeinghere.Wishyouahappy谢谢您的到来,祝您在南京过得愉快。stayinNaning.jThanksforyourcompany.Ireally谢谢您的陪伴。非常开也来到度里。祝一enjoyedbeinghere.Bestwishes!;〇you您们切顺利。all.5.南京2OI4体育实验室5.Naning2014SportsLabjEmma,mayIintroduce化youMissLiu您好,我是体育实验室经理刘瑶。Lu,themanaerofSortsLab.gp■c?Nie化meetyou,MissLiu,IamEmma很高兴见到您,刘女i,我是艾玛斯Snowsill.诺希尔。Nice化meetyou,MissSnowsill.欢迎来WelcometotheNanin2014SrtsLab.jgpo到南京青奥会体育实验室。’请跟我走,由我来带您体验体育实验Lets化UowMissLiu,shewillshowUS一室。首先我来为您讲解下我们体育实around化eSpo化L油.Firstofall,沈e验室的由来。willintro加ce化youtheSpo化Lab.OK,gohead.好的,您请讲。40
I打December2013,化eIOCExecutiveBoardmadethedecisiontoinvitefour2013年12月,国际奥委会决定增加4,newsortswhicharenoton化eOlmicp,yp个非奥林匹克体育项目,让他们成为南rorammetobeartoftheNaninpg,pjg一京2014青年奥利匹克运动会的部分。II2014YouthOlympicGames.In化6siritp本着保持青奥会对年轻人的独特性和ofkeepingtheYOGuniqueandattractive吸引性,选择展示轮滑、攀岩、滑板、foryoungaudienc巧,thefollowingsports武术四个运动项目,让青少年积极参werechosenforshowc犯ingandyo山h与。enaement.Thearerollersortssortsggyp,pclimbingskateboardinandWushu.,gNanjing2014SportsLabisanintegral我们送个项目是文教项目的一部分,和partofCultureandEducatio打Programme青奥期间的其他体育启蒙活动同属文_icvinlinewi出0化ersportin扣atioiatiities教项目。durintheYOG.gTheNanin2014SortsLabisauniquejgp-aU-taainonevenuewihawushumt,一体育实验室是个集武术台arkaclimbinllandroller、攀岩墙、skatep,gwa一一amecaon轮滑赛道、淆板公园为体的独无二tra浊allinthesloti.Itisa一一-的场馆,是个面向般群众和注册人nonticketedvenueoen化化eeneral,pglaiedclien员的非售票场馆送里没有竞赛项目,而publicaswelsallaccredtts.一heeocome-是在种纯粹的娱乐氛围中,重点展示Trisnptitiontheemphasisis每个项目的魅力W及让观众沉浸在完onshowcasingthecapabi化iesofeach美的表演中。sportandwowing化ecrowdsw地extremeactioninanenvironmentofurepfun.At也eSportsLab,activ出esareranby实验室里的各项活动都是由国内外各化ebestnationalandinternational领域最顶级的教练员指导运行的。现场coachesandeducatorsavail油leintheir还有医疗团队随时待命。re巧active巧orts.Medicalassistanwarcalsoavailable0打site.41
Theathletesinfrontarerollerskaters正前方是轮滑选手在热身,展演10分wanningupforthe浊owcase化be’钟后开始artedin10minutes.Letso化化6,您可W到这边桥上观看。stgbrideovertherefortheshowcase.gGoodtiming.Ilovewatchingrolkr真是来巧了。我非常喜欢看轮滑表演。skating.Hereistheshowcasearea.Sectatorscanp这边是展演区,观众可在旁边近距离观enjoytheshowsonbothsides.Onyour看展演。您的左边是武术展演区,右手.tleftis化eWushuShowcaseareaandrigh边是滑板区。sttiheskaeboardingarea.En,Ilovewatching化eextremesports.It我太爱看极限运动了,让我既紧张又兴makesmefeelsonervousandexciting.I奋!我想看会武术表演!want化watch化eWushu知forniance!p好坡。您慢慢看。OK,usttakeourtime.jyIsitthesortsclimbinoverthere?Ipg那边是攀岩区吗?她想去试试。,wannaeivit立tr!gyY’es!可从我们现eset.rofessional在就过去吧,那边有YlsgonowAnd,p专口的教练为您提供指导。coa沈eswillguideouonshe.y排,coach!Thankyouforhelpingme!教综您好!谢谢您的帮忙。ThecoachcanspeakEngUshverywell,I这位教练英语很棒,相信他能给您提供believehecangiveyouprofessional专业的指导。sugge巧ions.、Thankouall.Youaresokind!!屯y谢谢您,您真热Mypleasure.Ifsmyhonor.Wushu不客气,这是我的荣幸,那边马上就要performancewillbegi打verysoon.There进行武术表演了,会有10几位国内外willbedozensof1:opWushuartistsfrom武术精英进行表演,您要是感兴趣,攀homeandabroadperforming.Ifyou3巧岩后欢迎您前去欣赏,我们有专口的武interes化dyouarewelcome1:0appreciate术协会的专家为您做详细的讲解。祝您it.TheexpertsfromtheWorldWushu旅途愉快。AIssociationwouldlovetomakedetailed42
commentsforycm!Wishouahappyy化地Thanksalot!Ifsveryconsiderateofou!y!十分感谢!您真细也体贴,祝您开也Haveaoodda!gy6.GreenRoomforChatwith6.与冠军对话准备室Champions?您好,艾玛斯诺希尔女±。我是主持Hello,Ms.EmmaSnowsill.Iamthehost,.Ni说化eet.Thankoufor人Lu巧,很高兴见到您谢谢您能参如Lu巧myouy我们与冠军对话论坛。youresenceinChatwithChamions.ppNice化meetyo山Iamappreciateitfor很离兴见到您,谢谢您的邀请。.yourinvitation.Ifsmyreathonortointroducetheotherg很荣幸地向您介绍今晚参加本次活动guests化you.ThisisMr.Liu;Xiang,the-的其他嘉宾,110,南非蝶110terhurdlesa加eteandthis米拦的刘翔meis,??王查德勒克洛斯。ChadleClosfromSouthA出ca,thereatgKingofButterfly!’斯诺希尔女±您好,很高兴认识您,久Nice!:〇meetyou,Ms.Snows化Ive仰大名。longheardofyou.’Nicetomeetyou,Mr.Liu.Ivelongheardyou.Ihadseenyouattheenhance很髙兴见到您,刘翔先生。久仰大名,Leam&SharetheotherdayandIwas我前两天在国际奥委会展台入口见到imressed.YouaresooularinChina.您了ppp,我对您印象非常深刻。您在中国Somanyteenagerswentcrazyaround家喻户晓,很多青年人看到您都疯狂地seeinouresence.Youaresogyp簇拥着您,您在国内很有影响力,很高influentialandsoniceto化eyouin兴自艮见到您。erson.p’过奖了,我也很开也能通过自己能给这FeelflateredbutImhappy1;obring些青年人带来正能量。欢迎您来中国,ene巧eticinfluence化化eseteenagers我相信通过送次青奥会,会有更多中国throughmyexperiences.Welcome化青年人热爱体育,热爱体运动。China!IbelievethroughthisYOG,there43
wemoreChneset:eenaersilldfini化lyigovnsrtsandlovindoinorts.ligospggpExcusemesorrtobotheroudueto,yy,很袍歉,巧扰两位。因为节目20分钟1efommtobestartedi打20imitesI:hm,盾开始,所我想就论坛的相关事宜跟Iwouldlike化communicatewithyou-两位沟通-下。aboutit.好的。OK.Sure,noroblem.好的,没问题。pThethemeof化isforumisThePowerof本次论坛的主题是榜样的力量。首先,RoleModels.Firstofall,wewill我们会向大家介绍各位所从事的体育introduce化theaudienceyoursports项目和取得的成绩,然后由我来逐个对careersandachievements.ThenIwillask一sena各位提出个具有代表性的问题,比如everoneofyouonereprettivey各位体育生纏什么时候开始,什么样的uestionslikewhenyoursortscareersq,p契机促使你们喜欢上体育,它带给你们start,whatkindofopportunitymakesyou什么改变eortsndwhatchanesitbrins1:0,如何兼顾学习和训练等。然lov巧agg后是各位接受观众席的自由提问,最后youandhow化balancetrainingwkh是观众和模范远动员合影自拍。这是studyandsoon.After化atisfreeQ&A本次活动的流禮,fromtheaudience.Attheendthe各位还有什么不明白,的吗?audi%cewilltakese近eswi化化eARM义Thafsallforthisroress.Areweclear?pgAre化ereanotherguestsherebesidesy除了我们还有其他哪些嘉宾叫?us?TheIOCresidentMr.Bachwillalsobep还有圍际奥委会主席己赫先生出席。到here.Hewillwelcomeyouonbehalfof时田赫先生会代表论坛欢迎各位到来化isfbrumandencourage化eteenage并鼓励青年运动员像偶像学习,传递正athletestoleamfrom1:heiridolsandpass能量onenergeticin打uence.OhJsee.哦,我明白了。斯诺希尔女:t,您介意我们更详细地了MissSnowsill,wouldyoumindtelling44
一解下您的铁人H项事业和生活吗?memoreaboutyourtriathloncareerandleisurelife?’mOKIfine.,可,好的Itissaid化atyouwerediagnosedwith据说您在2008年北京奧运会前患了哮Iasthmabefore化e2008Beijing?现在痊愈了吗喘病?您当时是如何Olympics.Isittrue?Haveyoubeen克服并成功稳定北京奥运会铁人H项_cured?Howdidyouovercomethe的?dific山tiesandwon化eOlympics?YesIwasdianosedwitliastliniain,g2007butIhavebeencurednow.Youknow化eaill山aswellas,rpontsa化0?muchsportsare化einducement化asthma是的,我在2007年被诊断出患上哮喘andtheycanmakeitevenworse.Foran病,现在己经痊愈了。空气中的污染物asthmatriathletetheseinducementsareW及大量运动都是哮喘发作的诱因,并,inevitable!;〇avoid.Thereforedurinthe,g且会使病情加重。对于患哮喘病的铁人cometitionIhad化usetheartificial兰过程中绝对没办p,项运动员来说,比赛respiratorfordrugsfromtime化time化法避免迭些诱因,哮喘必然会发作。因easethedisease.Afterbeing出agnosedI而,比赛中,我不得不时不时用人工呼’acve一tilycooperatedW她mydoctors吸机吸入些药物控制病情。确诊后,treatmentandtrainedscientificallina我积极配合医生治疗,科学训练,虽然ysstematicwahousyy.Tghathmahad哮喘病给我的运动生涯带来了很大障brouhtahuebarreggirinmycareerI碍,但我有优秀的医生和教练帮忙,让,haveagroupofreateolearoundme,我相信,只要坚持科学训练,我就没问gppmydoctor,mycoa沈andmyfamily.题,所W我坚持了下来。Theyareallverysupportive.TheymakemebelievethatIcanullit化getherasplongasIkeetraininina化ientificwa.pgy您如何平衡体育与生活?HowdooubalancesortsandH把?ypWhenyouarepassionateaboutsorts当你对体育充满激情时,体育和你的生p,youwillcreateaharmonious活就结合起来了,但你还是耍在体育W45
一combinationbetweensportsandyourlife.外找到兴趣点和另个生活的重也。你B山youstillneed化findyouriove们在学校要学习,还要训练;未来有些outsidesportsandfindanothercenterof人愿意去读大学,有些人会成为职业运ourlifeYouusuallsudachooland,y.ytyts动员,情况各不相同却同样鶴彩。体alsoneed化化ain.I打化efixturetherewill育训练会消耗你很多精力和体力,但你besomeeoleoint;ocolleeand还是要和朋友保持良好关系,不断寻找ppgggsome0ersbenrofessionalatltes.,。化igphe自己感兴離的事来平衡自己的生活Liveyourowndifferentbutcolorfulivales.SortstrinkigwillCO打sumeyou江plotofenerbutoustilleedtostan:gy,yygoodcontactwi化yourjfrie打dsand技打dwhatyouareinterested1:obalanceouryownlife.Whatdoyouusuallydowhenyouhave当你遭遇低谷时怎么办?somelowsinourcareer?yEveryonewilldefinitelyexkneeman通人都会遭遇很多次低谷。我p知y每个普-setcks-ba.I打化e2007HyVeeTriathlon2007年在HyVee铁人H项赛中途退一Toud化d一rnamentIharoouthalfwa.,。,py出送是我唯次中途退出比赛那Thaw化eon—taslycomp她ionIhad年接下来的时间里,总是觉猜很疲droppedout.AfterthenIalwaysfeltvery倦。秋天,医生诊断我患了哮喘病。男口exhausted.Inthefall,化6doctor次比赛时我觉得浑身僵硬,从肋骨到脊diagnosedmewithasthma.Istill椎再至(J臀部者P麻木了,我换前从来没遇remembertiiatmbodwasso巧ifand。yy到送样情况腿动不了,我还不停地咳theribstomsineandtomhiallot漱。最初我,ypypg1^^为只是感冒或者是天气badlnumbhy.Iadnev巧cameacross化e太干了。我的家族里没有任何种类的哮,circumstancesof侃Skind.Icouldnt喘病史。我当时觉得天都要塌下来了。movemylegsandIketcoughing但是我没有想就送样放弃。我知道,站pcontinuously.AtfirstItiioughtIusthad在奧林匹克的赛场上,国家的莱誉和與j,aCO化oritsust化eweather化0dr的精神是最重要的。只要好好康jy林匹克一sincemyfamilhasnohistorofasthma复,切还可封慢慢重来,我不会放弃。yy46
atall.Ifelt1化etheskywerefallinguonpmebutInever化ouhtofivinu.I,gg吕palwayskeeitmheartthatthenationalpygloryandOlymicsiritsmatter也emo巧ppinOlympic扫eld.AslongasItake化etinitiaivestorecover,everythingcanberestarted.Iwill凸everiveu.gpHowdoyoucopewi化the如何处理比赛前的压力?I,-trecomeitionStress?ppForantriathlete化ehsicalconditionis,pystablesoouustneed化adustour对铁人H项运动来说,体为上没有什么,yyjjschoocalcottpylgindiion.Beforehe可W改变的,你只能在也理上调整状cometitionIwillobackandforth。in态,我会p,g赛前像拳击运动员那样在走thecorridorlikeaboxer化getmyself廊里来回走,让自己兴奋起来。我会想excited.Iwillimainemewinninthe象我赢得比赛的场景。如果我还紧张,ggortIfIaillnill化我会想些令我开'ss.mstervousIwtr。的事情。p,ythinkof化ings也atmakeme反elhappy.斯诺希尔女±,据我所知,您被国际铁MissSnowsill,asIknow,youareknown联认为是铁人H项历史上成就最高的asthehighestawardwinni打gwomanin女运动员,,您是奥运冠军联邦冠军,'thehistoryndouvewonthe,ay同时还蝴联H次世锦赛冠军,您曾12championshipforsomanytimes!So次夺得国际铁联姐织的世界杯冠军,真unbelievable!Youarearealshero!是太棒了!您真是个超级女英雄!’你的梦想是什么?Whatsourdream?yIhadneverdreamedofbeinanOlmic其实我小时候的梦想不是要当奥运冠gypchampionwhenIwasakidb山when军,但当你为自己的人生做出选择后,,’youmakeachoiceforyour1祗,youre你就要不断坚持下去。现在我已经退役gonnakeq)it.NowIhaveretire屯and了,我未来的梦想是把体育带给更多的mdreamis!;〇brinsorts化more孩子们让他们了解和懂得体育ygp,带给他47
化enaersso化at化ecanknowmore们快乐。gy,让他们在体育中成长aboutitaiidthattheywillbecomemuchhappierandrowui打sorts.gpp7ier-ena.DscovNanin径乂打dtCityWHj—7?发现南京古城墙探秘Exploration(与徐晶晶合作翻译)CooperatedwithMiss.XuJingin(jg)Helloeverone.YouarenowattheyfamousTaiche打gCUyWall,wherealso大家好,现在您参观的就是著名的台locatestheHistoryMuseumof化e城,它也是南京市明城垣史博物馆所在NanjingMingCityWall.Ifsaplacefor地。在这里我们不仅可切了解明代南京>US化leammoreaboutthecity城的建设情况,同时还能欣赏到美丽的constructioninMindy打astya打dtog自然风光和众多的人文古迹。在参观Ienoythebeautifulviewsandculturalj前,先来了解下南京城墻的来历。relcs.eforewesarhevisitinlefiBtttsg,talkabo山theoriginoftheNaninCiljgyWallfirst.NaninMinCitWallwasexandedjggyp南京城墙是明太祖朱元璋于1366年到fromwallsofreviousdynastiesbythep1393年期间在历代城池的基础上扩建firstMinEmperorZhuYuanzhang,gchcons-而成的。整个城墙从里到外由宫城、皇whiistsfburlayerstheinner城、京城和外郭四道城墙组成。京城城PalaceCityWall,化eImperialCkyWall,墙全长35.267公里,虽历经六百多年,theCapitalCityWallandOuterCity仍保存了25.091公里的长度,是世巧Wall.TheCapitalCitywalloncecovered上保存最长也是保存最完整的都城城35.267kilometersandstillholds25.091墙。在我的旁边有幅示意图,我们现在kilometersinlengthafter600years,’所处的就是图上标有我们博物馆的这whichis化eworldslongestandbe巧一l个位置,eservedcaitactw化Aonsideme会化登上城墻参观时大家就prpliyg可切欣赏到周边的玄武湖theschematicdiaramandwearenow、中山陵、小isg九华等风景区。hereatthemuseumlaterweca打eno,jysome化emcspots1化eXuanwuLake,48
’’-MausoandiSunYatsensleumNanngsjJiuhuaMountainetc.bwalkinon化e,ygwa.llBefoireweclimbon化ewall,wegotfour在登上城墙么前,我们有四分钟的时minutestosignournamesonthebanner间,可W在我们那边的横幅上进行签名ake0V知thereandwecantpho化Sinfront一活动,而后起拍照留念。ofitformemory.好下面请大家随我登城参观。Nowleasefollowme.p南京明城墙距今己有六百多年的历史,至今巍然临立那其中的黏合剂起到了ThereasonwhyMingCityWallstill很大的作用。由于六百多年前西方的水standsfirniafter600yearsisbecauseof泥还没有正式传入中国,所^^相传当年theslurrywhichisamixtureoflutinous,g弦种黏合剂是由懦米汁、石灰、桐油还riceuicelimetunoilandolonumj,,gpyg加入一种叫做藝草的植物汁液源合而I_grassuice.IthasasimUarviscosityandj成。经过测试它的黏度和初度都不比现化ughnesstoindustrialcementused在的工业水泥要差,水泥经过若干年或nowadays.Whilecementmayget许会风化,但是这个黏合剂却整整已经weatheredbyage,thisadhesivehasgone经历了六百多年的时间考验。大家可能throughthetestof600yearsoftime.You已经发现,我们这里的每块砖侧面都刻mayhavenoticedthateachbrickis有制砖的州、府、县工匠和监造官员的engravedwiththenamesof化e姓名与制造时间,送是因为当年为了保responsiblestate,city,countyofficials,证城砖烧制的质量而做出的一项规定。ee-randmthnamofthebrickmakethetie当时的工程管理十分严格,如不合格必’whenitsmanufacturedtheideabein,g■,再不合格就将治罪须退回重饶,可见thatoorlymadebrickscouldbe化acedp当年的责任制把关多么严格,也正是有andresponsiblepeoplecouldbe了这么分明的制度才使南京城墙保存punished.Itistliisstrictqualitycontrol今天还依旧那么巍然。这个也算是600比athelps化eChyWallthrouhall化eg""多年前的承包责任制了,但这种责stormyweather.任是头烦来担保的,因此送到南京来的城砖可レッ说是绝无次品。事实也证49
明,南京城虽经历了600多年的风风雨雨,但至今仍巍然临立。"WIn也enortheastof也eCityallisthe一-wuLe在我们东北面的城墙下,有片波光瓣shinnearlofNaninXuanakypjg,""瓣的湖面,这就是被誉为金陵明珠whichislocatedinthewestof巧in的玄武湖。这里东界钟山,南临九华,Mountain,northofJiuhuaMountainand西对鸡笼,环抱在群山之中的玄武湖娟eastofJikmgMountain.Surroundedby一,秀丽多姿ttte秀銃媚,像面清澈明亮的heseianshebeautifulXuanwuLakg,""reflectinhele镜子,将龙i带虎踞的古城映照得格iseamirrorteancelik,gg外雍容动人。目前玄武湖的水陆面积共andcharmofthisancientcity.Covering有"2公顷,整个湖面有五块洲组成,4巧hectaresthelakeisdottedb日ve,y分别是环、輕、梁、菱、翠洲。其实玄islandscalledHuan,Ying,Liang,Ling武湖早在H国时期就是孙权操练水军andC山.DuringtheThreeKingdoms的场所,在当时也称为练武湖,后来传period,thelakewasevenused化train化e说此湖出现过墨龙(也就是扬子鳄),navyandracticemilitaryexercises.Thep故改名玄武湖。顺着我手的方向向右前mountainon化erightis化eZiinj方看到的这座山就是钟山也叫紫金山,MountianorPurleGoldMountain也e,p,山顶白色建筑群就是著名的紫金山天whiteb山Idinontois化eObservatorgy,p文台chstillreservesrmillarshere。那里至今还保存着过去的浑仪、whipayp,简仪,W及我国3000年前就使用的圭沁ridgedarmillaandsundialand表和地平经韩线。Altazimuthlinewhichwereused3000yearsagoinChina.大家走在城墙上,是否会发现两边的城Walkingonthewall,youmaynoticethat…墙建得不样,那当年又是如何区分城化etwosidesofthewallaredifferent.内城外的呢?在我右手边的这道平墙Theoneonmyrightiscalledarapetp""""称为d.Becausei女儿墙,女儿墙W内的就whc出marks化einsieti是当时的城内。因为这个墙的高度在当1:ouches化ewaistofawoman,itisalso"""时刚好和女子腰部相平齐所W叫做女caledthelawallwho化functionisldy,"儿墙,它的作用是为了防止人畜跌落化reventeolefromfallin.Thecrenelpppg50
一k城下。在我左手边的这个个操日叫做onmyleftiscalledbatlement也atmars""""箭巧,箭巧外的地方就是当时化eoutsidewhosefunctionis化rotect,p的城外,主要用于防御时弓箭手射箭所化earchers.Theholeinthemiddleisfor用,中间的是观察敌情的了望口,下方observationand出eonebellowis也e的孔是在下雨下雪天排水出城的出水血ainaeutletgo曰。"现在大家走的这段斜坡路叫做疆石IIIWhatwearewalki打gonlight打0Wis"一,是古建筑学上的个专用名词察,calledtheiridingtrack,characterizedby字典里面的解释就是小台阶孔的意思。-uliftbricks.Itsfuctionepednis化revntp它的特点是所有城砖都是竖立起来排shtnornheavmiliarlipswe打rasptigyty列的,作用是起到±兵在雨天、雾天上equipmentinrainyandfoggyweather.下W及运送大型的军用器械时防止打Becauseofic知Sccmldridehorsesonand滑,增加摩擦的作用。又因为当官的在ofwatsacasaterthellhroughthi杜kitwl,当年可骑着马匹自如上下城内,故也calledtheridingtrack.""被称作为叫马道。Nowweareinthe巧quencehall.Hereis现在大家进入了明城墙的序展厅了,首anaerialhotorahof化enortheastCitpgpy先大家看到的是南京城墙东北面的航Wall.Diferentfromreviousdnasties,py拍图。南京城墙的建筑风裕不同于历代化eNaningitWall化rmsnotasuarejCyq城墙的建筑风格,它并没有按照当时的orarectangle,b山curvesaccordin化化eg方形或矩形所建,而是根据南京特有的locationsofmountains1沁esand,地理地形位置依山傍水而建,大家可Wtoograhicfeatures.Herewecanseepp在图上清楚的看出城墙的走式。在图上threelakesinthisicture,thefirstoneispI一""化分别有兰个湖,排在第的是前湖eFrontLake化eonein化emiddleis,""""中间的叫做琵琶湖也被称作中湖,化eMiddleLake,or化ePipaLakeand""嚴上面的叫做盾湖也就是刚才我们theoneontoiscalledtheBackLakeorp,""经过的玄武湖。,XuamvuLakewhichwehaveustassed由于拍攝角度原因.jp我们的位置并没有在團中显示出来。良ecauseofthecameraangle,ourositio打scannotbeseenintheicture.pp51
Wemightbemorefamiliarwiththisonebecausethisistheplacewherewe这幅图大家比较熟悉,我们就是从这里boardedtheWallandnowweareinthe登城参观的,现在的位置就是处在城墙exhibitionroominside化eWallwhichis,内空间的展厅。我们这里也是欣赏南京alsoaplace化appreciateineneral化eg山一、水、城、林融为体的风景点。mountainthelakethecitandtheforest,,yviewsinNanin,jg现在看到的这张表格是全世界城墙长Thistableherecomparesthelengthof度的对比表,南京城墙的原始长度和保wallsintheworld,theNanjingCityWall存长度无论在我国还是世界都是名列is化elongestwhetheroriginalleng化or一ee第位的。prsrvedlengthisconsidered.Thesandtablehereisminiatureof一aniitafroi大家请看送边的沙盘,它是个明代南NncinMindstmwhidgygyny,j京城的模型图,在模型上可从清楚的看wecansee也atthecitywallwaswider出当年城墙的走势,它是东西略窄南北fromsouth化norththanfromeast化一wewerefour-略宽的个不规则葫芦状st.Therelaersofwallsthe。南京城墙从y内到外共有四道城墙组成;宫城、皇城、innerPalaceCityWall,theImperialCity京城和外郭。Wall化eCaitalCitWalland也eO山er,pyCityWall.Thebuddingcomplexh巧eintheeast城东的这片四方形的建筑群就是当时wastheimperialpalace.WhenZhuDi,。皇宫的所在地,同时也是宫城皇城后thefirstemperorofMingDynastyZhu来朱元靖的皇子朱慷夺了他侄子建文Y’uanzhangsson,afterdethroning帝朱允文的皇位,还就此迂都到北京Emperor"anwen,movedthecapitalto去一,按照南京皇宫的模样在北京建了Beijingandbuiltanewimperialpalacein个一样的皇宫一,也就是后来明清直扩accordancewi也化eNanjingimperial建壮大的北京故宫一。南京故宫直被废alaceWihheexansiof也enewp.ttp打o弃,加上江南雨水丰涧梅雨潮湿,几代imperialalacefrom1:heMinga打dQin呂p战火之后故宫内的宫殿建筑和两段城Dy打asty,itdevelopsint:ol:heForbidden墙都毁于一旦。City,whiletheNanjingimperialpalace52
hasbeenabandonedwi化buildinsand,呂two化gmentsofNaninCityWalljgdestroedartlforwarandartlfory,pypyplumrains.Wearein化eositio打化atstandsoutaspano也ersegmentofNanjingMingChyWall,thenwhyhereistheadding■化gmentofNanjingMingCi巧Wall?虹我们现在所处的位置就是图中城墙多fact化eEmerorZhuYuanzhan,pg出来的这个位置,那么为什么城墙在此preparedtoconnecttheb山Idingsfrom一处会多出来段呢?其实这是当时朱-’theTaipingGate,NanjingsJiuhua元璋修建城墙初期,原本准备从太平MountainJilonMountain化Gan,gg一口、、小九华山鸡笼山经鼓楼岗山脉MountainsalongtheDrumBuilding直连着修筑,应样呢正好就可W修到城becausein比isway化eCityWallwould西石头城的位置。但是在建到两百多米stretchtotheStoneTowninthewestof长度时一,被军事刘伯温发现并提出了Nanjing.HoweverwhentheCitWall,y个建议,如果这样修建的话不仅城东的stretched化rover200meters,L山玄武湖没有起到护城河的作用,而且城Bowen,theMUitaryCoun化lor,heldthat北的狮子山是长江边上唯一可W观察ifitwent0打like化is化6XuanwuLake,敌情的军事制高点,留在城外对于防守Iintheeastcouldnotplaytheroleasa。来说十分不利.,,ImoatandtheLio打Mountai打i打the打Orth,theo打lmilitarhihroundalontheyygggYangtze民iverwasleftoutside化ecity,whichwasverunfavorablefordefense.yheEme’rorihlofLius朱元璋听后觉得十分有道理,及时的接Tpthoughthgy受采纳了他的建议,立即改道经过玄武suggestionandimmediatelystretchedthe一湖囊括狮子山直再回修到石头城。这CitWallfrom化eXuanWuLake化也ey样南京城墙成为世界上最长的都城城LionMountainandthenbroughtitback墻,而且南京城区也扩大/约1/3的面1;otileStoneTown.ThentheNaninjg’一积。但因此当时所多建出的那段城墙MingCitWallbecame化eworldsy53
一wa并没有下令拆除,而是直保留至令,lonestcaitalcitllandtheurbangpy"被南京老百姓称为南京城墙中的盲areaofNaninincreasedb1/3.Thejgy"肠。南京城墙当时共开设了十H座城prolonged200meterscitywallhasbeen""口,其中最大的是城商的聚宝口,preservedup化now,whichisnicknamed""""2919年时被更改名叫中华口,因为thececumof也eNaninMingCitjgy""它是当时的江南首富沈万H出资所Wall.Thereare13gatesalong化eCity"建。Wallandthebigge巧ateisTreasweg""Gatein化esouthrenamedZhonua,gh"Gatein1929fortherichestmanShen,Wansandonated化b山Idit.Hereinthisglassshowcasearesome.化budistinctivebricksfiredild化e在接下来的玻璃展柜中,展出的都是当NanjingMingCityWallwhile化e年朱兀璋为了修建南京城墙时烧制出EmperorZhuYuanzhangwasinofice.来部分有特色的城砖。其实大部分都是Asyoucansee,mostof化emaregray大家看到的这种青灰色砖,但也有少数brickswhiletherearefewwhitebricks白色的城砖,由于它是来自于当年的fromYichunCountYuanzhouCi,y,ty""袁州府宜春县,也就是现在的江西whidiisnowJingdezhenCity.The一-省景德镇带。我们都知道景德镇瓷器wellknownJingdezhenporcelainis""""有名就是因为当地的主质是高峻主,attrib山ed化化ekaolinusuallcalled,y""""也就是平时所说的瓷止,所!^从质chinaclay.Therefore,bricksfrom量、颜色上来说都是有别于其他地方的JindezhenCityaredistinctivefromg城砖。另外城砖上的刻字也采取了许多otherbricksinqualityandcolor.avedn不同的刻写法,有阳刻、阴刻和双线刻Inscriptionsin也ebricksarecri的多重刻写法。出瓶rentmethodsincludinincisin,ggmethodositivescribinmethodand,pgdoubleenravinmethod.leingg现在大家看见的这是工作人员从城墙Hereisarootcleanedo山fromtheera浊s一夹缝中清理出来的个树根,由于它常in也eMing口tWallby化estaf.Ithasy年生长于砖缝之中受到城砖的挤压,树beensqueezedinto日atshape.The54
""干早就被积压成扁状aractersonbrick化at。并且大家注意看浊甲首金四它的左下方,城砖上的责任制文字也深standsfortherespons制eeopleisalsop""aeenrooifai深的印在了树根上甲首金四,stmpdon化touatentoypy""""""甲首指的是官衔,金是他的姓,化化bcrnoml哦甲首化ferring化his""""四是指他在家族排巧老四cialtitlestandinforhis。ofi金,g""fam"ynameand四meaning化atheisthefourtheldestinthefamily.Fortheconvenienceoftransportation,筑城时烧制送些大量的城砖为了便于bricksforbuildingtheMingCityWall运输,主要采用长江中下游的几个城are扣ed化severalcitiesalongthe市,分布在现在的江苏、江西、湖南、MiddleandlowerYangtzeRiverreaches湖北和安徽五个省。inJiangsuProvinceJianxiProvince,g,HubeiProvinceandAnhuiProvince.送个展板上都是我们博物馆专业的工Hereareinscriptionrubbingsfromthose?w作人员从部分城砖铭文中拓下的错文bricks.During也erocessofdealinithpg拓片。后来工作人员在处理这些文字的thoseinscritionrubbinsresearcherspg,时候,发现了当时就出现了许多的简化findthattherearemanysimpUfied""字,比如这个刘字,在当时的正规characterevenat化attime.However,写法应该是卯earenotoficiallreconizedandare、金、刀的写法。但这些thyyg""字在当时并没有被宫方所认同eatedsvariantcharacter.Thisroves,被称为trap择体字,由此可见我们现在所用的许《thatmanycharactersweareusingnowise-vauamonfo字,是当时民间自行演化流传至今的,slfeltedaglksandlater,后来由国家文字改革委员会收集公布collectedandreleasedbyStateLanguage的。A航irsCommission.当年朱元璋建造城墙时,根据南京的地TheEmerorZhuadoted出ferent,pp’W形不同,也采用了不同的建筑形式。比constructiontechniquesof化eCi巧all化N’如这段纔硕墙就是采用了底下用条石accordinganinstopohy.Forjggrap板上面垒lU城砖的建筑风格;而送段example,thebaseofthissegmentofthe城墙则从底到上全部都是用城砖垒成;CityWallwasslateandtheotherartsofprshent這就是城墙中最坚固的条石墙,它全是ebuiltofbick.Teotherseitwergm55
用大块条石砖垒起而成,多在南京集庆oftheCityWall,however,wasbuiltof一口带,bricksfrom化化botom.Thisisthe;而这段是在原来的山体上铺p2-3一,onestewaaninMin上层城砖形成段独特的包山墙。strtslallamongNgjggCityWailwhichisb山Itofchunksof,slateandmostlyinJiqingGate.Andthissegmentiscalledgablewallforitonly-ofbrcowrs23layersickson化emountain.ZhonhuaGatetherandestateamong,gggannllthe13MigDynastygatesinNanjig,中华口就是明代十三座城口中最大的""areteisoriginllycalledTreasuGaand一座城口一一聚宝口9,后在巧2年更""renamedZhonghuaGatein1929.名为中华口一。它是个营城结构,敌兵IIWhenenemiesinvade,severalextremely,从外面入侵时,走近城内时城口上的.heavwUfa'ygatesillandenemysoldiers化道千厅闽便会坠下将敌兵困于其中,wlliumibe化appedinitbecauseofts城口两侧还有27个藏兵洞,光打战时.ructuremreerearest.Whafsoth27,期聚宝口就可til函积H千古兵驻守,将hncaveforsoldersrei出gsi,andtheya敌兵形成一个替中捉整么式。saciousenouhtoholdaroximatelpgppy3,000soldiers.HereisapictureofthefamousStone这幅照片是南京著名的石头城,它是由Town,builtby化eKingSunQuanduring;国时期孙权所建。石头城的特点就是theThreeKindomgerod-在当年的山体上鱼..resetU城砖形成山和城Pi220265A.DItfeatu化l()g一容为体的城墙,由于这里当时又是长wallthatcombined化e1础itselfw地江必经之地,山上的石头常年受到江水layersofbrickswallandtheonlyway化一冲刷形成了道道的裂痕,entereYantzeRerahaim这块突出的化ivtttteg,一-wh褚红色岩石风化后就像张有鼻子、眼idihaserodedthecliffaceover睛、嘴巴构成的丑陋鬼脸,所W在南京years.Theprominentweatheredredrocks许多老旨姓也叫它鬼脸城。looks1化eanu呂lyface化athasnose,巧es*andmouthandthatswhymanyNaningj56
-citize打scallitUglyfaceTown.Staadi打here0打thetooftheISIani打gpjgMinCitWallwecanenothegy,jyfantasticcityviews.Thetreescaped站在城顶我们可臥领略到南京的城市antiquebuildi打gcomplexwi化largeroof风光一,眼前的弦片绿色仿古大屋顶建thesfimnis打OWi化oNannovernetjgg,筑群就是现在的南京市人民政府所在whichistheExaminatio打Institutefor地,早在民国时期这里还是当时高级官seniorofficialsintheRepublicaneriod.p员的考试院。其他的建筑物是后来仿明Otherbuildingsin化isregionarelater代修建的。在左前方是东南大学校内,builtinhlefMinDna.Othtestyogystyne目前里面绿色双顶的建筑物是唯一从frontleftintheSoutheastUniversity明代保留下来的一,我国的第本大百科-standsareendoubleroofbuildinthegg,全书《永乐大典》就是在那里妙编成册。onlyMingDynastyb山Winghasbeen’freservedfromwh巧eChinasiirstp,encc—ylopediaYonleCanoniscomiled-gpO打化erightsidestandstheyellow顺着我右手边的度个黄色古刹叫鸡鸣ancienttemplecalledJimingTemle,oneptt寺,它也是华东地区市内香火最巧的寺of化emostsoughtafterBuddhisemple一庙之。该寺的前身是南朝时期的,距intheci巧inEastChina.ItwasfirStb山It一化eSouthernDs-今也有千多年的历史,但是由于历代durinnaties(420589)gy,破坏所W寺塔庙宇几乎无存ahistrover1000ears她dwas。havingoyy,rlaterdestoyedmanytimes.T’heaodainthedistanceinNaninspgjg对面大家看到远处的那个塔是我们南JiuhuaMountainisSanzhanaoda,gpg""京小九华山上的H藏塔,那是因为whichisfamousforaskullbelievedtobe塔下曾埋有唐H藏的头盖骨而闻名。thatof化efamousmo址oftheTangDnastXuanzan.yy,g57
Afterthecityt;our,inthenext30minutes,欣赏过城市风光,那么接下来的30分letusenjoytheexperienceofkite一钟内,请大家起来尽情体验风寧从作anneandfaie.pitigassmblylinktAnd,,yg画、組装、放飞的全过程I。并且制作allparticipantscanbringaki化backto者可W将风拳作为小礼物带回家乡。?yourhometownasasouvenir.Areousatisfiedw地化ekitemadebyy不知道大家对于自己所制作的风等是yourowneforts?Want化tryat否满意呢?是不是还想继续大显身手somethingelse?Nohurry.Next,please呢?不用急,接下来,请大家随我们的followourusherandletushead化the引导员,前往城砖制作区,参与仿古城antiquemodelingwallbricksmakingarea砖串!J作全程。toe打oy也eexperienceofmaki打呂walljbricks.Inthisarea,wewillbeabletotransformacordpileofmmo打claintoastandaywallbrickwithyourownhands.In也e在这里,我们能够通过自己动手制作,meanwhile,youwillhavetheopportunity一一化将堆普通的泥止展现出块标准城leaveyour日ngerprintsandsignature砖的模祥。并且,大家可W在城砖上按onthewallbricks.Afterdryingandbeing手印及签名。待城砖风干脱模之后,removedfromthemoldthewallbri浊S,将捐献给南京奥林匹克博物馆,作为南willbedonated化NaningOlympicj京青奧会文化遗产保留。我们的模具上MuseumasculturalheritaeofNaningjg刻有第二届夏季青年奥林匹克运动会,YouthOlympicGames.Themoldis分享青春,共筑未来,及南京青奥会engravedwi也thewordstheSecond的会徽logo。SummerYou化OlympicGames,化esloganofSharetheGames,ShareourDreams,aswellas灶记emblemlogoofNaningYOG.jmud-m1、和泥;将泥和水按照1:4的比例进Steoneixin:Mixmudandp,g行调配,用手充分将期攒拌巧匀,呈半waterl:ogetherinaccordancewith化e液态的泥浆状;ratioof1:4andstir化emwi也hands58
uidlurcompl別eluntiltobesemMiqsryyform.ewo-贷Sl:ptmoldIlin:Pourtheslurr,gy2、填模:将樹拌好的泥浆倒入制砖模difiuintobrickmolduntilslightlyl巧ot具之中,直到稍稍漫出模具,巧刮板沿ofthemold,scrapthemudflatalon呂the模具上端将泥浆刮平整;uersideof化emol过wi^thescrapper.ppStepthree,waitfbr3to4minutes,theslurrywilldrynaturally,youwillfedsoft33-、等候约4分钟,泥浆便会自然风tchin出esurfaceof化emudwhenoug,一干,轻触泥的表面会感觉到具有些弹and化enyoumaypressyourpalm性,迭时候可封将手掌(清洗过后)平against化6surfaceofthemud,slightly压在泥的表面上,硝稍向下用力并停留downhardandstayfor2secondsthen,2秒钟,再慢慢将手离开,便可在泥takeyourhandawayslowly.Yourpalm的表面留下你的手掌巧记;rwilfto打rfaceof:hepi打tllbeethesutmud.Sl:epfour,si呂打yournamewi也sharptip4、用尖头笔在泥的表面签好你的姓名,penontheSU泡ceof化emudandremove并将其从模具中取出一。块具有你独特玉1:fromthe描old.Thereyou呂〇,泣unique个人风格的仿古城砖的砖巧就大功告-waantiquemodelllbrickwithourowny成了。specialfeaturewillbe过one.民ubbi打呂isanancientChi打esetraditio打al拓片是中国一项古老的传统技艺,通常art.Itistheskillofhavintheinscriptiong,是指使用拓纸和拓盒,将碑文、器皿上textorpatern0打thecontainersclearly一的文字或图案,清晰地拷贝出来的种_Ireproducedwi化aandrubbincase.pp巧g,在相机发明么前技能,拓片曾经是中Rubbingwasonceanimportantcarrier华民族用于文化资料传承的重要载体andmediumoftaditionalChinese一么。culturalheritage.通过学习和掌握城砖拓片方法,我们就Inasafeandconvenientmannerwecan,可W在不破坏城砖文物的基础上,将城preservethetextsandpaternsofthewall砖上的文字和图案资斜安全而便捷的brickswithoutdamaging也emthrou班59
保存下来,为研究明代历史的人们提供learningandusinthemethodofrubbing.gtridevailab化t丰富详实的资料,更为我们的后人保存Ipovs化eatyofabundan起珍贵的文化史料。andsubstantialinformation化thestudyofMingDynas巧history;in化emeanwhile,italsohelpssavethereciouspculturalhistoryforourfotureenerations.gIntheintangibleculturalheritages在送个非遗文化体验区,我们所见到的exerienceareawecansee7variousp,是来自南京市民俗博物馆(南京非物质characteristicculturalheritages^including文化遗产馆)的艺人带来的剪纸、编中aer-cuarChNanjingppttofineseknots,>国结、秦淮灯彩、金陵刻经技艺、制作finQinliuailanternmakinandl,gyg和放飞风拳、微雕、葫芦画、抖空竹等Jinliiniaturinourd?ng拉化mecarv,,gg八个南京特色文化项目。部分制作好的picturesanddiaboloplay.Someofoury作品可W由大家带走留作纪念。workscanbetake打过ssouvenirs.Nan-aesofingaercutintertsimlicitjppgpy-northernpapercutwithdelicacyof南京煎纸離北方剪纸的粗放和南方剪IIsou-sthernpapercutthusforminit,g一纸的细腻为体,花中有花,题中有题,uniquestyle.Itsinnocentsimplicilyis粗中有细,拙中见灵,在浓浓的乡±气temperedwithdelicacyandinenuityg,-息中,透露出强烈的装饰艺术效果,形andithasastro打gcountry幻avormingled成了独有的南京地域风格。旧时南京剪_*withintensedecorativeeffect.Thereaie纸的传统品种,主要有用于喜庆婚嫁的manytrad地onaldesignsinancient喜花、作刺绣花样的绣花和鞋花、装饰>Nani打.Theseareusedasatternsfbrjgp斗香烛的斗香花、挂在口禍上的口雙weddingceremoniesandfe巧ivalsfor專。embroidero打clothesandshoesand抗ryornament0打candlesandlintele化.,f-cu南京剪纸艺人其有高超的剪纸技巧,不Usinscissorstheskillulaertg,pp用画稿,全凭也中构思,运剪又运纸,craftsmencanperformW地outasketch"一"线条流畅ndvancetbsitiiind.,连绵不断,犹如笔画iabucompoonnm,y一,elinesaoo化andcontinuoust气呵成,方法独特具有很高的表演Thresmus,j60
eone-keidat和观赏价值,南京剪纸艺术有着深厚的likstroaintinsaccomlshepgp文化底蕴,开创了民间剪纸与文人文化onego.Wi化uniquekchniquesofusing2009ordaNan-tincutar相结合的典范,年被联合国教科文scisssanerpp%jgp巧组织列入《人类口头和非物质文化遗boostshiherformanceandaestheticgp产》。value.Withprofoundculturalco-nnotationNaninaercutinitiates,jgppbina-thecomtionoffo化papercutand’scholarsculture.In2009Nanin,jgaer-cuepptwasinscribedinthMasterpiecesofthe0化1andIntaniblegCulturalH巧itageofHumanitybyUnite过NationsEducatio打al,ScientificandCu^lturalOianizationUNESCO.g()ArtofChineseknotsoriginatedtheancientChinesetrad扣on化631161113111由,whichmeanskeepingrecordsbytying绳结艺术源于我国古老的结绳记事,绳虹〇化snow.hwasinthe1980thatktsere""结被称为中国结源自20世纪80年firstcalledChineseknotsinTaiwan.代的台湾地区。目前,绳结艺术在我国Nowadaysitisverypopularinthefolks.民间极为流斤,它W五彩丝线为材料,Madeoutofcolorfuls"kthreads,通过绪、结、穿、绕、缠、编、抽等技Chinesekncrtscanbecoiled,typed,,法编织成各种结式和艺术造型,多用piercedwoundboundandwoveninto,,于室内、器物、服装的装饰。diferentshapesandartisdc历rms,whichwidelyserveasinteriordecorationorornamentofutensilsandclothes.汤虹,anHonaeresentatiJiniinknot金陵绳结代表性传承人。从事绳Tgg,rpveg结艺术10余年eritorhbennaedineavin,在继承中华绳结艺术inh,aseeggwg的传统制作规律foethan10ears.Basedon、色彩特征的基础上进knotrmory行创新,traditilatternandcolorsfChinese,擅长把各种结形组合、应用onapso狙合盘长结knotheinnovatendcreativel、团锦结、酢浆草结等基本s,ssayI61
编法,制作出精巧美观、实用大方的绳combinesdiferentformsofknots’结艺术品,色彩的运用恰到好处,编出化ge化er.Uponbasicformssuch化的白菜anchaniewindinlnknot:、金赡、龙卧等惟妙惟肖。曾赴Pgj(gog),""德国参加中国年民俗工艺品展览会tuaninieroundbrocadeknotand,()jj到台湾参加过绳结艺术交流。zaiancaoieoxalis虹ot),sheweavesjgj(manexuisiteandbeautifulknotswithyqhihlraaticvauesbueoferfectgypgmlysp〇〇1〇.Thereforeherrksincludin巧wo,gChine巧cabbageknot,golden化adknotandlobsterknot’areabsolutelylifeUke-TanhasvisdGermanrtiiateiteytopacpgi打folkartexh化itionofChinayearandTaiwanforknotartexchange.,QinhuaiLanternofabout2000yearshistoryisfamousforitsvarietinforms.yAartfromIxaditionalalacelanternandpprevolvinglanternthereaxealsorabbit,秦淮灯彩已有近二千年历史,除了传统lanternlotuslanterndralanternlion,,gon,的宫灯、走马灯iU外,还有兔子灯、荷lantern,andtoadlantern,etc.Themaking花灯、龙灯、狮子灯、始赎灯等。灯彩oflanternsabso比edthemerksofother的制作汲取了中国传统扎纸、绘画、书tr-aditionalartssuchasaerbindin,,ppg法、剪纸、皮影、刺绣、雕塑等艺术么-paintingcallirah,papercuttin,,gpyg""长,秦淮灯彩甲天下的声名早己享puppetshadow,embroidery,sculpture,。2007誉海内外年,秦淮灯彩被江苏省etc.Qinhuailanternhasenoyedreatjg人民政府列入首批江苏省非物质文化prestigeintheworldandbeentitledas遗产名录。化ebestlanternm化eworldsinceancienttime.In2007,Qinhuailanternwaslistedin化efirstbatchofintang比leculturalheritageinJiangsurovince.p62
CaoZhenrong,arepresentativeQinhuaitmasterofrollinlanerninheritorisa,,g曹真荣,江苏省非物质文化遗产秦淮好asting,andpaintingoflantern.Henotp一t彩代表性传承人onlhastakenartinJinlinlanern,是集扎、糊、绘于ypg身的能人,多年来经常参加南京金陵灯拓stivalsovertheyears,butalso会,随团到全国各地展出所制灯彩,并dislaedhisworksalloverthecountrypy,tenas赴英国、菲律寅、日本、台湾等国家和andvisitedsuchcounriesandrgiosl地区传授化灯、扎风拳技艺。UK,PhiliinesJaan化teachlocapp,pepeoplethecraftofmakinglantrnsandkites.inhase化an500eaf?FlingKhemor1yrsohistor.Inadditio打化itsrichthemesUkey,日owers,birds,insects,fishesaswellaspersonalstories,JinlingKitealsohas金陵风挙至今己有约1500年的历史。.diverseforms,flat,withwings,其题材丰富,既有花鸟虫鱼,也有人物thre-doft-eimensional,sbodiedand故事,;其形制多样包括板子风寧、翅-esuallstringshaped,etc.化打化巧Kituy类风拳、立体风拳、软体风寧和长串风Iusesluckyatternsofdeemeaninstoppg挙;其寓意深刻,运用吉样图案,赋予'uexpresspeoplesdesiresandprsuitsofa了人们求吉呈样,寄、消灾免难的愿望betterlifewishesforoodluckand,g托了人们对美好生活的向往和追求;其..fortune.ThecomplexcraftsofJinling.工芝繁复,综合了绘画、纸扎、书法等Kiteintegratethemeritsofpainting,艺术之长;其精品众多,涌现了沙燕风rollinaerartcallirahicetc.Somegpp,,gp拳、金鱼风拳、老鹰风等、龙形风拳、ofthemostcommonthemesareswallow,一系列经典作品蝴蝶风拳等。每至春on-edgoldenfishealedrasha,g,gp,天,无论是在城中的公园广场还是郊外.buterflaswellasmanotherclassicaly,y的草坪空地,放风等随处可见。thees.Eversrinoucanalwasmypg,yyfindamanificentviewofmanyki沁sgflinuhihin出eair,linesofygpgswallowsrowsofeeserousof,g,gp63
butterfliesandeacocksfromtimetopteecakorimei化rat化eir0打the,typurbanlawn.Making泣kitegoesthrou径hseveralkey制作风拳分为扎制骨架、糊纸或布、绘e-astscretingfrairieworkastinp,pg画着色等几道主要工序。aerordo比andaintin.pp,pg-Creating任ameworkthissteprefers’化makingthekitesframeworkwith扎,就是扎制曾架。扎风寧骨架要用竹bamboosticks.Wideandthicksticksfor一鏡,其中基本骨架的竹蔑要选用宽厚basicframework,whilethinandelastic点的…,而轮廓骨架的竹鑛般用薄而细sticksfortheoutlineoftheframework.软的较为合适、。整个结构要简练轻巧、Thewholestructureneedstobesimple,对称、均衡、扎缚牢靠。dexterous,symmetrical,balanced,andfirmltied.y—Pastingthissteprefers化pastingalr化eft糊,就是把纸或布糊在骨架上。纸的质pperorco化oveamewo化The地嬰薄、初、平整。textureof:aerei1heppneeds化bthn,strong,andsmooth.Pa—intingthiss化preferstodrawing化eatern.Theatern打eedstobevividppwithbrightcolorsandstrongdecorative绘,就是绘制风等图样。图样要形象鲜Ifeature.Paintingisusuallyfollowedby明…,色彩要艳丽明快,装饰性要强。_pastingwhilesomeeoleareusedto;,pp般风樂是画好再糊,也有先贴再画或剪pasti打gfirstandthenpaintingorclipping贴图案。此外,较大的风拳要在背面两IIthepattern.Besidesahorizontalline,一端拉根横线,让风攀正面腹部向外凸打eedstobeulle过overthetwosi过esofp起,在放飞时使风沿两侧做流线运动。化eback化have化efrontcentralartofptilekkebulgedoutwardinordertomakesurethewindcanslreamiineits64
movementalongbothsidesofthekite.Thenumberof扫inlinedeendson也eygpframeorkandstructureFolew.rexamp,s-inleline仿realeshaedandggp-whdedoubsllowshaedkhesetclewa,p;风拳的引线,依风拳骨架和结构不同而flyinglinesfor化eshapes1化ebeancurd一定。有的用根,如鹰、燕等有的则cubes.Inmostcasesthreeflinlinesare;yg""一m用两根,如豆麻块等。般使用三comon.Thefront月yinglineneedst;o根引线ehorterth化tter。安装引线要有利于风拳迎风飞bsanebackonenoma升,无论是两根还是H?根引线都是上短twoorthreelinescomplied.This下长,拉起时使风寧与地面的夹角成arrangementis化makesure也eexistence°。45。上两根线太长放起来会向下化,of45betweenthekiteandtheroundg太短则不张风,放不起来。andmakethekiteflyhighup.Ifthefrontlinetooshort化ekitewill打tbeablet,ooatherenouhwind化flintheggy;meanwhile,if化efrontline化〇long,化eki化bnds化dive.一rsur般风等下部还要吊上彩穗,它既能调Coofulendantisuallhanedovelpyg节两边重量,又可増强风拳的稳定性和化etailpartofakite化ensurethe。balancestabilitaswellasattraction装饰性.,yK-iteflyingisafunactivitybutrequires一放风拳是一种有趣的活动,但也需要certainskills.Youneed化beableto定技巧。做好的风寧能否飞起来,还要u’jdge也ewindsdirectionandi化power会辨风向,识风力。放起来后还耍学会beforeflyingakite.Thestabilitycanonly抽、拉、提、摆等动作技巧,方能保持bemaintainedbydrawing,p山ling,风寧在上升时或在天空朝翔好的稳定lifting,andswinging,etc,whilethekite性。takesofforfliesintheair.65
w’You打eedtobeflillyawareof化eindsdirectionandi化speedthroughoutthewholerocess.Usuallnoextrahelppy放风拳前要先知道风的方向和速度强neededwhen也ewindisadeuate.q弱,在风力适足的时候,放风拳可不IEverythingyouneed1:0dois化hold比e必请人帮忙,自己拿风攀的提线,逆风.,..flyinghnerunni打gupwi打d,payattention向前边跑边看,还要注意风寧飞升的状totheCO打d1itio打of:hekitea打dmake,况,直到感觉风劲够,风攀向上爬升时,surethewindstro打呂e打0U呂h化support可停下来,慢慢放线。出ekiteascendandflhih..Atthisointygp,youmaysl:orunninandreelo山morepgflyinglineslowly.Incasethewindisnotstrongenough,reeinein化ierlthle化increaseewndpow当风为不继时,快速向后收线,给予人manually;ifthepullonyourline工的加风感觉风拳线有拉力时,就;如ncrealereelouthelinenieisespasetotm.,要把握时机放线;若风寧有下降的庭If也ekitehasadownwardtendency,you一,有时尚须迅速收回势部分风拳线,need化ireelillinequicklytohelp化e直到风拳能在天空挺住不坠。ki化recoveritsbalanceandflyevenliny'eair也.Itisalwaysagoodideatohavesomeonearound化helReeltthelieabo山10p.oun放风拳时最好有助手帮忙,将风拳线拉metersfacingupwind,holdstillbut长约10公尺,面向逆风,双手姆指和gently化ebackpartof化eframewi化食指轻扶着风拳后面的骨架,(比较容humbsandforefinersofbo化handstg,易脱孰拿正不动一,施放者待阵风来,pullentlandunleashthekitefromourgyy’将风拳轻拉脱离助手之手(不必叫助手helpershandswhenagustconies,start放手),边跑边放线,直到风等升起至runninandreeloutmoreline化m浊eg相当高度时。rteainenouhaltiteshake,前后轻抖,使风寧稳定oukiudygg,yourkiteslightlybackand化rthtomakeitflevenl.yy66
Miniaturecarvingisakindofartwhich一微雕是微型雕刻的简称,是种W刀代usesknifeinsteadofencharacteristicas,p""""笔,精小细微为特征的独具风格的艺subtleandrefined.Chinese术形式。中国的微雕艺术源远流长Minitrearvinhasalonhistor,最aucygg,早可007hichcanbtedbtx2000earsW上溯到两千多年前。2年,南wedaack)y京微雕被南京市人民政府列入首批南ao.In2007,NanjinMiniaturecarvinggg京市非物质文化遗产名录。waslistedin也efirstbat浊ofIntangibleCulturalHeritageinNanjing.LuoLanareresentativeinheritorof,pNaningminiaturecarvingis出efirstj,femaleminiaturecarvingartistinChina罗兰,南京市非物质文化遗产南京微雕aswell.Thelinesofherworksaresoft一代表性传承人,国内第位女性微雕艺andsmoo化,andfacialexpressionsofthe术家,其作品线条塑造柔和流畅,人物扫guresshecarvedarevividandlifelike.表情入微传神,擅长微缩国内著名大型LuoexcelsatminiaturingChinese-绘幽摹本,如《清明上河图》、《十八罗famouslarescaleaintinssuchasgpg,汉图》等。多次应邀到德国、菲律宾、民iversideSemeatthePweMoon荷兰等国进行文化交流活动。Fe如1碱and反劝化enetc.Shehasbeeninvhed化Germany,Philippine,Hollandforculturalexchangeformanytimes.GourdcultureappearedveryearlyinthehistoryofChinesecivilization.Asa中华文明史中很早就出现了葫芦文化,(,’homophoneoftheChi打ese啊Luto""""一葫芦与福禄谐音,所W百姓,expressfortuneandemolumentourdis,g直把葫芦视为吉祥物,葫芦画便是通过seenasamascotbycommo打people.在葫芦这一吉祥载体上进行艺术创作Gourdpaintingexpressesthegood来表达富贵平安、福寿绵延、多子多福wsesofrandacefornihpoertype,tueandp等美好‘的祝愿。vrecrenreloneitmohildandmogy,happine巧bcreatingartsonthisy67
auspiciouscarrier.ZhanMiaoamemberofChineseFolkg,Artis化Associationhasst:udiedourd,g张苗,中国民间文艺家协会会员,常年nrtformanearandcreaedapai地gayyst一、潜屯研究葫芦彩绘艺术,创作了系列seriesofgracefulandoriginalworkswith典雅清新、气韵流畅、风格独特的彩绘...antiuestles.Heparticiatedincolleeqypg葫芦作品。多次参加传承非物质文化campusactivitiesasathemeofinheriting遗产为主题的高校校园行系列活动并anecurie化eintgiblltualhertagand进行现场彩绘葫芦表演。erformedourdaintinonsceneforpgpgmanytimes.""DiaboloalsoknownasemtZhen,pyg,""commonlyknownasearthwormis,""""空竹,又名空蕾,俗称地龙,南""accustomed化beingcalledHumand""""京人习惯叫嗤,把玩时又称抖嗦。""shakinghumwhenplayedhiNanjing.空竹始于唐朝,原为杂技艺人表演之DiabolostartedintheTangDynasty,a物,后流传于民间,是寻常百姓戏耍娱,erformin化〇1bacrobatsanditgy,一p乐的玩具。graduallybecamepopularamong化e化比sasanentertainment化y.68
AcknowledemengtsToStartwith,Pmheartilyindebted化mysupervisor,ProfessorXuShiyan,whohasoferedmegreathelpincompleti打g化ereort.Mthrofoundknowlede,ProfessorXuppgshowedmehowtoactivelytakepartintranslatologyresearch;withastrongsenseof-reso打sibililandselfdisciisheeledeculivatitudedl打ehmteaos姐veatAwarsmpyp,ppystudandlife.Neveruttinonairsshetauhtmemanaroachestoainresearchypg,gyppginformatio打?良esidessheinstructedmeatientli打orani之i打ideasinaloisticwaand,pygggyinmakinfulluseofthematerialso打hand.Nloireovershealwasutreatemhasiso打g,ypgpdailinterretinractice.Ho打estlthisreortwouldnothavebeencoml巧edwithoutypgpy,ppheratientuidancevaluableideasandtimelsuestions.,pgyggTakingthisopportunity,Iwouldalsolike化expiressmysi打cereappreciatio打1:0allmyYOGvolunteerfriendswhohaveoferedtheirrecioustime化helmewi化theYOGppresources.Thankstotheirassistance,Ima打agedTiointerpretsmoothly.,BesidesImratefultoaUtheteachersi打theSchoolofForei打Lanuae底Cultures,gggg,Nan-inNormalU打iversitfortheirthouhtrovokinteachinandinstructivelecturesjgy,gpgg,res化d-whichimmedurinthetwoearostraduateroram.pgypgpgMsecialthanksotomclassmateswithwhomIhavesharedmanhoursofypgy,yfruitful出scussio打sandfroomIhavereceivedalotofencouraementsmwh.,gLastbut打otleastIwouldlike化thankmarentsfor1:hdrloveandsuort,ypppthroughout化eyears,whichhasbeenthereatestmotivatio打forthecomletio打ofthisgpstudy.69'
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