浅谈专业工程造价与成本控制管理 中英文翻译

'浅谈专业工程造价与成本控制管理中英文翻译IntroductiontoprofessionalengineeringcostandcostcontrolmanagementinbothChineseandEnglishtranslation摘要：市政工程建设与工业工程建设一样，按照国家主管部门的统一规定，将一项建设工程划分为建设项目、单项工程、单位工程、分部工程、分项工程五个等级。控制与管理市政工程造价的成本关系着一个项目的收益其重要性不言而喻。本文先谈谈造成市政工程造价成本控制困难的原因，接着提出一套解决性措施，希望能对同行有所启发。Abstract:themunicipalengineeringconstructionandindustrialconstructionprojects,inaccordancewiththeunityofthecompetentdepartmentofthestateregulationstodivideaconstructionprojectfortheconstructionproject,singleitemsofprojects,unitprojects,divisions,subdivisionalworkfivegrades.Costcontrolandmanagementofmunicipalconstructioncostoftherelationshipbetweenitsimportanceisself-evident.TheprofitabilityofaprojectThisarticletalkaboutthecausesofdifficultcontrolofmunicipalengineeringcost,andthenputsforwardasetofmeasurestosolve,hopetoinspirepeers.　　关键词：市政工程工程造价成本控制管理策略Keywords:municipalengineeringcostcontrolofconstructioncostmanagementstrategy　　一、引言One,theintroduction　　市政工程建设与工业工程建设一样，按照国家主管部门的统一规定，将一项建设工程划分为建设项目、单项工程、单位工程、分部工程、分项工程五个等级。市政工程是国家工程建设的一个重要组成部分，也是城市（镇）发展和建设水平的一个衡量标准。Municipalengineeringconstructionandindustrialengineeringconstruction,accordingtotheunificationofthecompetentdepartmentofstateregulations,willbeaconstructionprojectisdividedintounitofconstructionproject,constructionproject,project,subproject,subdivisionalworkfivegrades.Municipalengineeringisanimportantpartofnationalengineeringconstruction, alsoiscity(town)isameasureofthelevelofdevelopmentandconstruction.　　从投资者角度讲，市政工程造价是一项通过策划、决策、立项、设计、施工等一系列生产经营活动所形成相应的固定资产、无形资产所需用的一次性费用的总和。控制与管理市政工程造价的成本对项目收益的重要性不言而喻。本文先谈谈造成市政工程造价成本控制困难的原因，接着提出一套解决性措施，希望能对同行有所启发。Fromtheinvestorpointofview,themunicipalengineeringcostisathroughtheplanning,decisionmaking,project,design,constructionandaseriesofproductionandbusinessoperationactivitiesofthecorrespondingfixedassets,intangibleassetshaveneedthesumoftheone-offcharges.Constructioncostcontrolandmanagementofmunicipalengineeringcostofprojectbenefittheimportanceofself-evident.Thisarticletalkaboutthecausesofdifficultcontrolofmunicipalengineeringcost,andthenputsforwardasetofmeasurestosolve,hopetoinspirepeers.　　二、市政工程造价成本控制困难的原因Second,themunicipalengineeringcostcostcontroldifficult　　由于市政工程项目的实物形态不一以及产品价格要素的不断变化，导致市政工程产品只能以不同的项目通过各自的程序和方法单独定价，不能统一定价。原因有以下几个方面：Duetothemunicipalengineeringprojectshavedifferentphysicalformelementsandproductpricechanging,resultinmunicipalengineeringproductsindifferentprojectscanonlythroughtheirproceduresandmethodsforpricingalone,notunifiedpricing.Reasonhasthefollowingseveralaspects:　　（1）市政工程项目建设周期长、程序复杂、环节多、涉及面广，在项目建设周期的不同阶段，构成产品价格的要素差别甚大，因此工程造价也千差万别。(1)municipalengineeringprojectconstructioncycleislong,complicatedprocedure,morelinks,involvewide,atvariousstagesoftheprojectconstructionperiod,constitutetheelementsofproductpricedifferenceisverylarge,sotheprojectcostisdifferent.　　（2）市政的每一项工程都有其专门的功能和用途，都是按不同的使用要求、不同的建设规模、标准、造型等，单独设计、单独生产的。即使用途相同，按同一标准设计和生产的产品，也会因其具体建设地点的水文地质及气候等条件不同引起结构及其他方面的变化。为了权衡投资效果，就必须对工程产品详细分析后确定造价。(2)everymunicipalengineeringhasitsspecialfunctionsandpurposes,areinaccordancewiththerequirementsoftheuseofdifferent,differentconstructionscaleandstandard,modelling,separate designandproduction.Evenifusethesame,accordingtothesamestandarddesignandproductionofproducts,alsobecauseofitsspecificconstructionsitehydrologyandclimateconditionssuchasdifferentstructureandotheraspectsofthechange.Inordertoweightheinvestmenteffect,itmustbedeterminedafterdetailedanalysisofengineeringproductscost.　　（3）进行市政工程建设时，施工企业要在不同的建设地点组织施工，常常由于不同的自然条件、经济条件使得工程产品的价格要素发生很大变化。例如地区材料价格、运输条件等对造价产生较大影响。(3)duringthemunicipalengineeringconstruction,constructionenterpriseswanttobeindifferentlocations,oftenduetodifferentnaturalconditions,economicconditionsmakeengineeringchangesalotfactorsofpriceoftheproduct.Forexampleinmaterialprice,transportationconditionshavegreatinfluenceonthecost.　　正是因为以上几个原因，导致市政专业工程造价不能统一规定，这就给控制市政工程造价成本带来不小的难度。Itisformorethanacoupleofreasonsthatleadtomunicipalengineeringcostnounifiedregulation,thisgivessomedifficultyonthecostcontrolofmunicipalengineeringcost.　　三、市政工程造价的成本控制管理3,thecostcontrolofmunicipalengineeringcostmanagement　　虽然市政工程造价不能统一规定，但这不代表不能控制市政工程造价的成本，关键要做到以下几点：Althoughthemunicipalengineeringcostnounifiedregulation,butthatdoesn"tmeanthatcannotcostcontrolofmunicipalengineeringcost,thekeytodothefollowing:　　1、认真地做好工程建设项目可行性研究1,earnestlycompletestheprojectconstructionprojectfeasibilitystudy　　为了取得最佳经济效果，建设方要对项目的先进性和经济合理性进行全面系统的分析和科学论证，同时对项目建成投产后的经济效益、社会效益等进行科学预测和评价。根据项目评价情况，提出该项目投资建设的可行性，以及进行多方案比选并择最佳建设方案等结论性意见，为项目的投资决策提供可靠的依据。在进行市场研究，编制计划任务书，选择好建设地点的前提下，从管理体制上落实项目法人责任制，从立项开始，一直到建成投产后的生产经营，实行项目全过程责任制。Inordertoachievethebesteffectofeconomic,advancementandtheeconomicrationalityof projectownertotheprojecttoconductacomprehensivesystemofanalysisandscientificreasoning,aswellastheeconomicbenefitandsocialbenefitaftertheprojectcompletedandputintooperationandsooncarriesonthescientificforecastandevaluation.Accordingtoprojectevaluation,putforwardthefeasibilityoftheprojectinvestment,construction,andtoplanmorethanconclusiveopinionandchoosethebestconstructionschemeandsoon,providereliablebasisforprojectinvestmentdecisions.Inconductingmarketresearch,prepareplantask,choosegoodunderthepremiseoftheconstructionsite,fromthemanagementsystemoftheimplementationofprojectlegalpersonresponsibilitysystem,startingfromtheproject,untilaftertheproductionoftheproductionandbusinessoperation,implementstheresponsibilitysystemforthewholeprojectprocess.　　2、做好设计阶段的成本控制管理2,completesthedesignphaseofcostcontrolmanagement　　要加强设计人员的经济观念；开展设计方案的优选并保持设计方案的稳定性、严格控制设计变更；推行限额设计，按照限定的投资额进行工程设计；实行设计招投标制等。通过竞争，督促设计者和设计管理者提高责任心，增加工程造价控制意识，用激励政策来促使他们精心设计，大胆采用新工艺、新材料，不任意提高设计标准和设计规模，一切从控制项目造价的角度出发，使技术和经济最大效益地结合在一起。Designstafftostrengthentheeconomicconcept;Tocarryouttheoptimizationofdesignandmaintainthestabilityofthedesign,thestrictcontroldesignchange;Implementationofquotadesign,carriedoutinaccordancewiththequalifiedinvestmentengineeringdesign;Implementdesignbiddingsystem,etc.Throughcompetition,urgeddesignersanddesignmanagerstoimprovethesenseofresponsibility,increasetheprojectcostcontrolconsciousness,anduseincentivestomotivatethemtoelaboratedesign,bolduseofnewtechnology,newmaterial,withoutanyincreaseindesignstandardsanddesignscale,allfromtheperspectiveofcontrolprojectcost,technologyandeconomytothegreatestbenefittogether.　　3、加强施工阶段的成本控制管理3,strengthenthemanagementofconstructionstageofcostcontrol 　　建设项目的投资主要发生在施工阶段。在这个阶段中再节约投资的因素已经较为有限，但浪费投资的可能性却很大。因此加强施工阶段的工程成本控制也非常重要。一是工程招投标阶段，在招标文件编制时，就要对不同类型的工程和不同的施工环境，分别列出可利用的条件、可节省投资的渠道，让投标单位在编制报价时能充分考虑这些因素，降低工程造价。在工程开标时要有一定比例工程造价方面的专家参加评标，从工程报价的计算、承包的范围、措施工程的立项是否合理、有无留下结算活口等方面把好关，在承包合同签订依据上控制工程造价。二是进行施工方案优化，缩短工期。市政工程项目多、类别多，要求标准各异，要对其进行严格的成本控制。Constructionprojectinvestmentmainlyinconstructionstage.Inthisstagetosaveinvestmenthasbeenlimited,butthepossibilityofwastinginvestmentisverylarge.Sotostrengthentheconstructionphaseoftheprojectcostcontrolisalsoveryimportant.Itisprojectbiddingstage,inthetenderdocumentation,willbeofdifferenttypesofengineeringandconstructionenvironment,liststheavailableconditions,cansaveinvestmentchannels,letthetenderingunitscanfullyconsiderthesefactorswhencompilingquotation,reduceprojectcost.Inengineeringwhenopeningbidsmusthavecertainproportionexpertstoparticipateintheevaluationofengineeringcost,fromengineeringquotationcalculation,thescopeofthecontract,themeasuresofscienceandengineeringprojectreasonable,doyouhaveanyleftclearingthemouthshutgoodetc.,onthecontractissignedaccordingtocontroltheprojectcost.Secondistooptimizeconstructionschemeandshortentheconstructionperiod.Municipalengineeringproject,category,requiredifferentstandards,tocarryonthestrictcostcontrol.　　4、加强工程竣工验收阶段的成本控制管理4,strengthenthemanagementoftheprojectcompletionacceptancestageofcostcontrol　　竣工验收阶段对工程造价管理的重点应放在对工程结算、决算的控制上。第一要对结算资料的真实性和合理性进行严格审查，防止不应由基本建设支出的费用摊入基建成本。第二要对工程结算依据进行核对，包括施工图纸和说明、承包合同和协议、投标书和可调整的范围、现场签证等内容，保证所用资料的合理性和真实性。Thecompletionacceptancestageoftheprojectcostmanagementshouldfocusonthecontroloftheconstructionsettlementandfinalaccounts.Firsttothesettlementdataauthenticityandrationalityofstrictcensorship,preventshouldnotbebuiltbybasicexpendituresstandintotheconstructioncost.Secondtoaccordingtochecktheengineeringsettlement,includingtheconstructiondrawingsandspecifications,thecontractandagreement,tenderandadjustablerange,on-sitevisa,etc,toensuretherationalityandauthenticityofthematerialsused. 　　以上几点就是管理市政专业工程造价控制的主要措施，这是一项系统工程，要从多方面入手才能见到明显成效，取得最大的经济效益和社会效益！Aboveistomanagethemunicipalengineeringcostcontrolmeasures,thisisasystemengineering,shouldstartfromseveralaspectstoseetheobviouseffect,toachievemaximumeconomicbenefitsandsocialbenefits.　　参考文献references　　[1]赵彦坤，李荣红.关于市政排水管道施工问题探讨[J].中国新技术新产品.2010（23）[1]ZhaoYankunLiRonggong.Municipaldrainagepipelineconstructionproblemstudy[J].China"snewtechnologyandnewproducts.2010(23)　　[2]严明钢.加强市政工程造价管理的措施[J].今日科苑.2007（14）[2]YanMingGang.Strengthenthemunicipalengineeringcostmanagementmeasures[J].Garden.Today,2007(14)　　[3]张磊.浅析电力工程造价的控制[J].今日科苑.2007（16）Zhanglei.[3][J].Electricpowerengineeringcostcontrolisanalysedfamilyestatestoday.2007(16)　　[4]张磊，马勤.工程造价管理中存在的问题及对策研究[J].科技咨询导报.2007（29）[4]zhanglei,MaQin.Projectcostmanagementproblemsandcountermeasuresstudy[J].Scienceandtechnologyadvisoryreview.2007(29)　　[5]陈生芳，严明钢.浅谈工程造价控制中的优化设计[J].科技咨询导报.2007（29）[5]ChenShengfang,YanMingGang.Introductiontotheprojectcostcontrolintheoptimaldesign[J].Scienceandtechnologyadvisoryreview.2007(29)'