景区基础设施建设项目环境影响报告书

'目　　录1总则11.1评价任务由来11.2评价目的21.3编制依据21.4评价指导思想及评价重点31.5评价等级41.6评价范围41.7控制破坏与环境保护目标41.8评价时段51.9评价标准51.10评价工作程序52建设项目概况72.1景区概述72.2建设内容及规模92.3工程建设内容102.4工程施工方案122.5工程投资152.6景区配套设施规划153工程分析173.1景区保护规划及评价区保护级别173.2建设的必要性和重要性183.3***景区客流量分析203.4工程环境影响分析203.5环境影响识别及评价因子筛选264建设项目周围地区的环境现状304.1自然环境状况304.2社会经济状况365环境现状评价375.1景观环境现状评价375.2区域生态环境现状评价395.3区域环境质量现状评价475.4环境现状评价结论496环境影响预测及评价51theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 6.1旅游环境容量分析516.2施工期环境影响评价536.3景观环境影响预测及评价586.4运营期生态环境影响预测及评价606.5环境影响预测及评价结论647建设项目的生态影响667.1建设项目生态影响特征667.2生态影响的范围、程度和性质668社会环境影响评价698.1社会环境现状调查698.2社会环境影响分析709环境保护措施739.1景观保护措施739.2施工期环境保护措施739.3营运期环境保护措施759.4替代方案论证7710环境经济损益分析7910.1概述7910.2环境保护投资概算7910.3环境效益7910.4经济效益7910.5社会效益8011环境监测与环境管理8111.1环境管理机构8111.2环境监测计划8112公众参与8212.1公众参与的方式8212.2公众参与对象的基本构成情况8312.3公众参与与调查结果分析8412.4公众参与影响评价结论8513结论与建议8613.1评价结论8613.2建议8913.3综合评价结论90theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 1总则1.1评价任务由来***是国家重点风景名胜区，全国文明森林公园，国家AAAA级旅游区，***有一流的资源品位，有良好的区位优势，有便捷的外部条件，在发展长江旅游带和***大旅游格局中有着十分重要的地位和作用。经过20多年的开发建设，***旅游业取得了长足的发展，在皖西南旅游业中的龙头作用已经显现。但横向比较，就本身所具备的资源品位来说，无论是接待人数、经济收入，还是建设规模、管理水平，***在省内外同级别的风景区中排名一直落后，发展仍然迟缓。现在***八大景区仅初步开发了三个景区，投入仅有15000万元，总投入不足黄山的1%、九华山的10%，基础设施的不完善，已严重制约了潜山县和***旅游资源的充分发挥，从而也严重制约了潜山县域经济的发展和旅游强县目标的实现。在《***国家森林公园总体规划设计》（1993.3）和《***风景名胜区总体规划调整》（1995.3）等规划的指导下，《***风景名胜区***景区重点地段详细规划》（2000.5），新建、拓改旅游步道22.5公里设计方案等详细规划也先后编制。由于风景名胜区的规划设计是一件永恒千古、恩泽后世的长期建设工程项目，决不能因陋就简、造成浪费，规划的项目必须要在条件成熟时才实施，这样，在项目资金缺口较大的情况下，风景区的开发建设一直滞后。2004年12月，中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发了《2004-2010年全国红色旅游发展规划纲要》，近年来国家开发银行也将红色旅游作为新的重点贷款领域，在此有利形势下，******旅游发展有限公司决定建设******景区基础设施项目，由潜山县发展计划委员会潜计综[2005]101号文批准立项。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 根据《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》和《中华人民共和国环境保护法》、国务院（1998）第253号文《建设项目环境保护管理条例》中的有关规定，******旅游发展有限公司于2005年4月1日正式委托***环境保护科学研究所为******景区基础设施建设项目进行环境影响评价工作。我所接受委托，并组织技术人员到项目所在区域进行了环境状况的现场调查分析，同时根据拟建项目的工程特征和项目拟建区的环境状况，对工程环境影响进行了初步识别和筛选。依据建设项目环境影响评价技术原则，编制了该项目环境影响评价大纲。在此基础上，开展了该项目环评的全面工作，评价建设项目的环境影响，提出环境保护措施，并编制了本环境影响报告书，呈报环境保护主管部门审批。1.1评价目的本评价目的是通过搜集各种现有资料和现场调查，认识生态环境的特点和功能，明确景区开发活动对生态环境影响的性质、程度和生态系统对影响的敏感程度，确定应采取的相应措施以维持风景名胜区的生态环境功能和景观资源的可持续利用性，为项目建设的环境管理提供科学依据，从而促进***旅游业与区域环境保持持续协调发展。1.2编制依据1.2.1环保法规与技术性规定（一）环保法规（1）《中华人民共和国环境保护法》(1989年12月26日起实施)；（2）《中华人民共和国水土保持法》(1991年6月29日起实施)；（3）《中华人民共和国森林法》(1985年1月1日起实施)；（4）《中华人民共和国野生动物保护法》(1989年3月1日起实施)；（5）《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》（1995年8月29日起实施）；（6）《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》(1996年5月15日起实施)；（7）《中华人民共和国噪声污染防治法》(1997年3月10日起实施)；（8）《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》(2005年4月1日起实施)；（9）《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》(2003年9月1日起实施)；（10）《基本农田保护条例》(1999年1月1日起实施)；（11）国务院(1998)253号令：《建设项目环境保护管理条例》；（12）国务院1985年发布的《风景名胜区管理暂行条例》及有关风景名胜区管理的其它法规、政策；（13）国家环境保护总局14号令：关于公布《建设项目环境保护分类管理名录》的通知，2002年10月13日；（14）***省环境保护局环监(2002)46号文：《关于进一步提高环境影响评价质量的若干意见》，2002年4月10日；（二）技术性规定（1）国家环境保护局：《环境影响评价技术导则·非污染生态影响》（HJ/T19～1997），1997年11月；theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 （2）国家环境保护局：《山岳型风景资源开发环境影响评价指标体系》（HJ/T6-94），1994年10月；（3）国家环境保护局：《环境影响评价技术导则》（HJ/T2.1～2.3），1993年9月；（4）国家环境保护局：《环境影响评价技术导则·声环境》（HJ/T2.4～1995），1995年11月。1.1.1有关文件（1）***省人民政府：《***省“861”行动计划项目总表》，2004年5月；（2）***计划委员会计社字（1998）223号文《关于同意“***风景名胜区***景区系统开发项目立项的批复》，1998年8月21日；（3）潜山县发展计划委员会潜计综[2005]101号文《关于******景区基础设施建设项目立项的批复》，2005年4月10日；（4）***环境保护局环然[2005]12号文《关于******景区基础设施建设项目环境影响评价执行标准的复函》，2005年6月29日；（5）******旅游发展有限公司：《环境影响评价委托书》，2005年4月1日。1.1.2主要参考资料（1）***省***管理处：《***风景名胜区总体规划说明书》,1986年10月；（2）***省林业勘察设计院：《***国家森林公园总体规划设计》，1993年3月；（3）***省城乡规划设计研究院，***风景名胜区管理委员会：《***风景名胜区***景区重点地段详细规划》，2000年5月；（4）***省工程咨询研究院《***风景名胜区基础设施建设项目（一期工程）可行性研究报告》，2005年4月；（5）******旅游发展有限公司提供的其他技术资料。1.2评价指导思想及评价重点1.2.1评价指导思想（1）从旅游开发与环境保护的结合上加强评价工作的针对性；（2）在基础资料十分缺乏的情况上，通过现场调察、重点观测、环境监测等手段，以获得客观、真实的的资料数据，并且作出实事求是的评估；theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 （3）环境影响报告书的编写按相关要求编写，力求做到文字简明、图文并茂。1.1.1评价重点景观影响评价、生态影响评价。1.2评价等级建设项目位于***国家风景名胜区内，属敏感地区，按照HJ/T19～1997《环境影响评价技术导则·非污染生态影响》的规定，生态环境影响评价等级为一级评价，景观环境影响按《山岳型风景资源开发环境影响评价指标体系》（HJ/T6-94）要求评价，其它环境影响为一般性分析。1.3评价范围根据***国家风景名胜区的划分，及工程建设具体情况，本项目直接影响范围为***景区及主峰景区间的一部分（主要以索道为中轴线向南北两侧延伸的区域），考虑到项目对景区景观、资源的影响，本环境影响评价范围确定为***景区及主峰景区，面积约24.05km2。1.4控制破坏与环境保护目标1.4.1控制破坏目标（1）控制工程施工对区域景观、生态环境的破坏；（2）控制工程施工对区域环境空气、地表水体及声环境的影响；（3）控制项目营运期对区域生态环境、景观环境、环境空气、地表水体及声环境的影响。1.4.2保护环境目标本项目具体保护目标及其环境质量要求见表1-1。表1-1本项目各环境要素具体环境保护目标及要求一览表环境要素环境保护目标性质及规模保护级别环境空气风景区空气环境风景名胜区GB3095-1996一级地表水环境***上游支流饮用水体GB3838-2002Ⅱ类声环境龙潭乡及景区内游客休憩场所游客食宿地段GB3096-931类标准景观、生态环境主峰景区精华景观特别保护区HJ/T6-94一级主峰景区一般景观重点保护区HJ/T6-94二级皖涧竹海一般保护区HJ/T6-94三级1.5评价时段根据本工程特点，评价时段分为施工期和营运期。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 1.1评价标准环境空气执行GB3095-1996《环境空气质量标准》中一类区标准；地表水执行GB3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》中Ⅱ类标准；声环境执行GB3096-93《城市区域环境噪声标准》中1类标准；施工期噪声执行GB12523-90《建筑施工场界噪声限值》。1.2评价工作程序本次评价工作程序框图见图1-1。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 自然资源开发项目初步工程分析和环境概况调查生态环境基本特征分析工程调查与分析划分评价级别确定评价范围关键问题识别和评价因子筛选公众参与编制评价大纲环境状况调查确定评价标准或保护目标值自然环境社会环境公众参与水气渣噪声等环境质量现状评价重要评价因子再确认质量评价影响预测对策与建议结论结束目标调整替代方案图1-1评价工作程序框图theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 建设项目概况1.1景区概述1.1.1***风景名胜区概述***又称皖山，位于***省潜山境内，是绵延千里的大别山主峰之一，与我省的黄山、九华山一起列入第一批国家级重点风景名胜区。在我省划定的皖西南旅游区中处于“龙头”地位。***以奇峰、怪石、幽洞、秀水而著称于世，共约45峰，86奇石，22幽洞，33秀水，绰约多姿，纯朴自然，号居“南国第一”。主峰――天柱峰海拔1488.4米，与邻近区域相对高度达到1450米左右，被誉为“南天一柱”。根据***风景区总体规划，规划风景区总面积82.46km2。全区共分为八大景区和一个中心接待区，在风景区的外围尚有三个相对独立的景点，即太平寺景点、天宁寨景点、薛家岗新石器文化遗址。见表2-1。表2-1景区划分一览表序号景区、景点名称面积（km2）性质1主峰景区7.44精华景区2三祖寺景区4.95主要景区3虎头崖景区11.46一般景区4九井河景区7.91主要景区5马祖庵景区3.70主要景区6大龙窝景区5.14一般景区7后山景区16.85原野游憩景区8***景区16.61竹筏游览景区9茶庄中心接待区8.40服务中心接待区10太平寺景点文物古迹参观点11天宁寨景点古迹参观点12薛家岗景点考察性参观点1.1.2项目开发区（***景区）概况2.1.2.1景区资源概况***景区位于整个风景区的东北部，东至杜埠、***以东0.5km，西至茶壶岗、丁家老屋，南至黄岭、陈家岭一线，并含龙潭乡，总面积16.61km2。景区具体位置及范围见图2-1。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 ***景区是***风景名胜区的重要组成部分，其独特的地形地貌特征、宜人的居住环境构成了***风景区的特色之一。随着环山公路的建设，该景区作为整个风景区的北门户的作用将进一步凸现出来。由于本景区的线路长，可驻足景点多，且有很好的接待基地――龙潭乡区，因此，将是风景区挖掘潜力，扩大游客容量的主要景区。其内部的重点地段有六处，即：①现龙潭乡区的部分――龙潭地段；②杨家大屋地段；③双河口地段；④万涧地段；⑤干河地段；⑥千丈崖――干河地段。2.1.2.2风景条件及评价（1）风景条件***景区内山峦起伏，茂林修竹，河道弯弯，农舍古屋，是一种山岳型田园风光。该景区内可达景点八处，即：①***风光带；②***大桥；③黄家祠堂；④杨家大屋；⑤杨家祠堂；⑥双河口民居；⑦纸坊；⑧三棵古树。可视景点三个，即：①主峰远眺；②千丈崖；③皖涧竹海。（2）风景资源评价①自然景观优美，并诠释了良好的生态概念；②人文景观有浓郁的地方特色，体现了淳厚的民俗民情；③人与自然和谐共生，表达出中国传统的天、地、人三和的人居环境。比较整个风景区可看出，前山是以绮丽的自然风光，并伴有摩崖石刻为主的雅文化为特色；而***景区是以田园诗一般的自然风光和以乡风民俗为代表的俗文化为特色。在总体规划中确定本景区性质为“竹筏漂流区”。2.1.2.3现状交通条件（1）外部交通条件已建成潜山县城――茶庄――龙潭――杜埠――余井――潜山县城的交通环线，进出景区更为方便，此外尚有游览步道把景区与核心景区联系成一整体。（2）内部交通条件已形成杜埠――龙潭――万涧的公路，宽为3.5米，碎石沥青路面，为环山公路的一段。风景区交通规划中，拟拓宽至7米。该段内桥涵工程已开工。内部景点基本都与公路较近，最远处距公路仅120米。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 景区内缺少停车场，特别是在重点地段基本没有停车场地。目前景区交通以中巴车和三轮车为主。2.1.2.4接待设施条件景区内各重点地段除龙潭外，基本没有旅游接待设施，只在内部有一些零星的饮食店，且规模小，档次低，没有形成一定的集聚效应。龙潭乡区现有旅馆床位60张，饭店10家，其等级和规模也较小。现无售票点和标志性的入口场所。2.1.2.5用排水条件由于处于皖水的上游，水质清冽，各重点地段都饮用河水，没有形成集中供水。现状排水，除龙潭乡局部路段有排水沟渠，其他雨水均为地表自流；没有污水处理设施。2.1.2.6电力、电讯条件景区已建成10kV变电所一座，位于龙潭乡。在龙潭乡的西北部建设有雷公井水电站，装机容量为12000千瓦。景区已架设10kV的主干电网，程控电话已通至各地段，局部开通无线通信信号。1.1.1项目建设及影响区（主峰景区）概况主峰景区南连马祖，东至青龙涧和古牧羊河为邻，北接后山，西和大龙窝景区接壤。主峰景区是全区之精华所在，本景区以峰雄、石怪、洞谷深幽、松奇水秀为主要特色，为游客的主要集散地和食宿场所。项目建设主要集中在主峰景区东部连接***景区的局部区域。1.2建设内容及规模（1）项目名称***风景名胜区***景区基础设施建设项目。（2）土地利用及基础设施建设现状评价区域约87%以上土地为风景游赏用地，另有约4%的游赏设施及居住用地，耕地很少，仅占1.7%，其他为林场园地等。按照《***风景名胜区总体规划调整》（1995.3）、《***风景名胜区***景区重点地段详细规划》（2000.5）的设想，为改善景区之间的联系、适应新形式的发展，规划采取步道加索道两条下山路线方式，项目建设时尽量避免对景观资源的破坏。近几年，***景区内基础设施建设情况如下：theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 ①2001年投资1200万元修通了茶庄至万涧的环山公路；②2003年投资800万元完成了茶庄至万涧公路的铺油工程；③2002～2003年期间***管委会投资200多万元对该区供水、供电、管理用房、大门广场等工程设施进行了修建。（3）建设内容及规模由于***旅游资源众多，需要投资建设的资金规模大。考虑本着分别轻重缓急、量力而行、分期建设、保证重点、讲究实效和短平快见效快的原则，***风景名胜区基础设施建设项目拟分期实施。本次***风景名胜区***景区的基础设施拟初步建设内容见表2-2。表2-2***景区开发建设内容一览表序号名称建设内容数量金额（万元）1景区大门大门、票房、游人聚散场地/1602积翠谷索道东光涧－千丈崖，吊厢式1800m33003新建游览步道千丈崖－干河脑，2500m×2m2500m264合计3724（4）总图布置工程主要建设内容布置在主峰景区与***景区的交界处，工程主体位于主峰景区，具体见图2-2。1.1工程建设内容1.1.1景区大门***景区大门是***风景区的东线、北线入口的大门、票房建设体现***景区自然景观、人文景观古朴、典雅的特点。1.1.2积翠谷索道（1）索道线路选择索道线路从千丈崖至干河脑，全长1800m。索道上站选址于走马岗西部用地高处，其用地相对平坦。索道下站选址位于里屋附近平坦处。上下线走线自然，空间顺畅，且避开千丈崖山谷。不至破坏其空间与景观。不利是有土方量，对植被有破坏，且难于在站房前方有大的集散广场。（2）索道型式选择theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 客运索道的种类很多，选用哪一种索道型式主要取决于具体条件，如线路地形、运量大小等。选择的原则是在确保安全的条件下采用技术先进、满足运量要求、投资少、见效快，并尽量与周围景观相协调的索道型式。***地势较为平缓，采用单线循环脱挂抱索器六人吊箱式。索道线路总体设计时，为了保护地貌，在符合规范的前提下，尽量少立支架，且支架较高，以避免砍伐索道沿线树木。支架四周均有树木遮挡，遥望去是万木丛中簇拥着支架，在设计时充分注意到支架结构形式和色彩（一般涂成墨绿色）与周围树木相协调，使之和大自然融为一体，尽量降低索道支架的建造对原植被造成的影响，并且使其局部的影响也极易恢复。（3）索道工作原理用一条无极的钢丝绳在索道两端的驱动轮和迂回轮上，通过张紧装置使之保证一定的张力，线路中设有支架，支架上装有托索轮和压索轮组，将钢丝绳托起或压下使之保证一定的离地距离；每隔一定的距离挂上一个吊厢，驱动轮带动钢丝绳以5.0米/秒的速度运行；吊厢进站后，脱挂式抱索器通过脱开器将吊厢与运载索脱开，通过减速装置将速度减到0.3～0.4米/秒，随后开门机构将吊厢门打开，乘客在指定的位置下车。推车装置将吊厢迂回至索道另一侧，待乘客上车后，关门机构将车门自动关闭，然后吊厢通过加速装置加速至与运载索等速，设在站口的挂结器将抱索器挂到运载索上，经一系列的检测，使吊厢安全无误地出站。这种索道的特点：吊厢采用全封闭的带座六人轿厢，造型美观，乘坐安全舒适，采用封闭式吊厢，能防止乘客向下扔杂物，有益于环境卫生，又符合防火安全要求，离地高度也可比吊篮式的大，减少支架，不破坏自然环境；这种形式运输能力大，一般在800人/小时以上。（4）索道运量的选择根据***总体规划，每天上山游客最大容量人数为7000人，选择单向800人/小时，4小时可单向运输3200人。索道建设方案主要技术参数见表2-3。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 表2-3索道主要技术参数索道型式单线循环脱挂抱索器六人吊箱式线路水平长（m）1800上站高程/下站高程（m）960/360上下站高差（m）600索距（m）3.6运行速度（m/s）5.0站内速度（m/s）0.3～0.4主驱动功率（Kw）300吊厢容量（人）6吊厢数量（个）30吊箱间距（m）135全线支架数（个）10单向运输量（人/小时）8001.1.1步道新建2500m游览步道，从干河至东关寨，并与千丈崖相连通，长2500m，宽2.0m，并修建平台、桥涵、栏杆等。新建步道利用原有上山土路路线，按照前山拓改步道规格统一修建，最终形成两条下山线路，一为索道，二为步道。把核心景区与本入口景区有机地联系起来，极大地方便游客游览。1.2工程施工方案1.2.1山体开挖及场地平整工程2.4.1.1索道（1）建设内容索道下站（高程360m）主要由机房、车库（吊厢收回的存放处）、控制室、配电室、值班室、维修室、候车室等组成，占地面积约550平方米。附属生活设施建在山门附近，上站除必需建筑外，尽量减少建设规模。索道上站（高程960m）建设必需的建筑，主要由机房、备用车库、控制室、值班室、候车室等组成，占地面积约在380平方米。线路支架初定10个，有关参数初步确定见表2-4。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 表2-4支架位置及高程支架号距下站平距（米）高程（米）基础尺寸（长×宽×深）（米）1333553.6×3.6×2.421503803.6×3.6×2.432404003.6×3.6×2.444504205.0×5.0×4.257505003.6×3.6×2.469455403.6×3.6×2.4711006004.2×4.2×3.6813007004.2×4.2×3.6915008004.2×4.2×3.61017709504.2×4.2×3.6（2）施工内容对项目拟建场地进行人工夷高填低，索道建设需对山体进行适当的开挖，该项目占地、开挖等建筑工程量见表2-5。表2-5索道建设主要建筑工程量项目占地（m2）开挖（m3）回填（m3）索道下站550土石方1400土石方1200索道上站380土石方1700土石方1600线路支架基础148土方285土方585施工占地8000//合计9078338533852.4.1.2步道、大门步道建设依照现有山间小路的走势，适当拓宽，需一定的填方；大门所在地较为平整。该项目占地、开挖等建筑工程量见表2-6。表2-6步道、大门工程石方衡算项目施工内容开挖（m3）回填（m3）石方用量（m3）步道台阶//1600步道土方12004200/步道砌石防护//800大门砌石//200索道、大门挡土墙砌石防护//100合计120042002700theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 1.1.1施工方式施工材料经杜埠――龙潭乡――潜山县城的公路（已建成）直接运至景区大门及索道下站，运输方式为汽车运输；石子、黄沙全部外运，石料来源经***管委会建设土地环保局实地勘察确定开采处或外运石料。施工地段内挖高填低，挖方尽量利用；支架恢复适当加高。索道支架、设备等吊装到位；其他施工材料采用人工运输方式；因索道上下站所选站址地势较为平缓开阔，因此只需很小的爆破量。1.1.2施工人员索道正常时期施工人员80人，高峰期130人；步道正常时期施工人员60人；在施工场地附近搭简易工棚居住。1.1.3工程占地及植被破坏情况工程占地及植被采伐情况见表2-7、2-8。表2-7工程占地一览表项目工程永久占地（m2）工程临时占地（m2）备注索道34785600施工线路占地在项目建成后转为线路检修用地，部分予以植被恢复步道5000300大门500/合计89785900表2-8植被采伐一览表植被占用类型单位数量松杉树m27750毛竹m24158裸地及其他m229701.1.4挡土墙等防护工程索道上下基站、步道几处地基松软地段需建设挡土墙，步道沿程两侧需砌石防护，总工程量约900m3。1.1.5恢复及绿化工程分永久性占地的植被恢复和临时性占地的恢复绿化，永久性占地占用的植被拟异地恢复，工程临时占用的植被在主体工程建设同时，边建设边恢复，分阶段实施各路段的恢复绿化工程。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 1.1工程投资***风景名胜区***景区基础设施建设项目总投资合计为3724万元。其中申请开发银行贷款2200万元，自筹资金1524万元。1.2景区配套设施规划1.2.1交通游览线路组织（1）风景区旅游线路规划潜山县城三祖寺茶庄青龙涧主峰东关千丈崖***景区杜埠余井总关寨神秘谷※旅游线路是可逆游线（2）进山游线乘车至龙潭（下车、住宿安置、餐饮）――杨家大屋－－双河口－－万涧――干河――千丈崖――主峰景区（3）出山游线主峰景区――干河――万涧――双河口――杨家大屋――龙潭（下车、住宿、餐饮）――至县城或回程（4）漂流线路龙潭（下车、乘筏）――徐洲――仙人地――杜埠（上车）――龙潭或回程1.2.2市政消防设施规划（1）市政消防设施规划①给排水龙潭地段作为接待基地，应提高接待的档次与能力，规划建设一小型水厂，规模为900t/d。在今后龙潭乡镇区总体规划中，确立雨污分流的排放体制，建立污水处理站，以免生活污水对河道的污染水体。其他地段可以利用地形、地貌条件，利用蓄水池积水，在蓄水池边建立防护带。龙潭地段消防除建筑本身设置消防器材达到消防要求外，在户外设置消防栓，其它地段的建筑景点，利用地形条件，建消防水池。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 ②电力近期由龙潭乡10kV变电站供电，沿环山公路走线，供应各地段。远期可从雷公井电站引入35kV电缆线。③电信各重点地段为旅游和服务业安装的电话门数，龙潭地段为200门，万涧地段为50门，其余地段保证10门。各地段开通无线通信。（2）绿化规划树木、花草及野生动物资源是风景区的重要组成部分，应严加保护。根据远景、近景、交通线的建设和地段的环境特点，分别加以布局。①增强***两岸绿化，其绿化树种以常绿阔叶林为主，配置大片的枫香、乌桕、香樟、槭树、银杏等，形成色彩变化的季相景观。②各地段之间的公路沿线，一般在道路两侧或一侧配植自然式风景林，形成林荫大道。在道路转弯处，配植高低错落的树丛，形成对景，并沿坡种植花卉。树种选择宜与路边山林树种相协调，可选用松、柳杉等，公路陡坡的垂直绿化选用爬山虎、络石、紫藤等藤本植物，以形成层次丰富的绿化走廊。③在观赏点改密林为疏林，留出视线，以利观瞻。整体绿化疏密有间，既有开敞空间，又有遮蔽场所，创造“山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村”的总体意境。④各地段的内部绿化应体现在如下两个方面：一要挂牌保护古树名木，如双河口的三棵古树等；二在建筑周围多配植绿化及在当地生命力强的花卉，如杜鹃、蔷薇、望春花等。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 工程分析1.1景区保护规划及评价区保护级别1.1.1风景区保护规划内容按照《***风景名胜区总体规划说明书》（1986年10月）和《***风景名胜区总体规划调整说明书》（1995年3月），***风景名胜区风景名胜资源分为特别保护区、重点保护区、一般保护区及保护控制区。（1）特别保护区保护范围：处于重点保护区、一般保护区中的珍贵景观、景物，它是本风景区的精华所在。包括天柱峰、神秘谷、总关寨、试心桥、五指峰、蜒蚰石、鼓捶石、打鼓石、雌雄二鹦哥石、混元霹雳石、三祖寺、山谷流泉、石牛古洞、太平塔、天柱松、虬龙松、探海松、五妹松等有独特景观价值的景点、景物，还包括以后待发现的珍贵景点、景物。保护措施：这些景点、景物一定范围内（根据地形地物而定），除必要的保护性工程构筑措施外，其一草一木、一土一石绝对不能破坏；不得增建其他工程设施，各种工程线路亦不得从其上空通过。（2）重点保护区保护范围：景观优美集中、有代表性、能反映***风景区特色的中心景区。含主峰景区、马祖庵景区、九井河景区、三祖寺景区的全部及虎头崖景区的一部分，合计30.98平方公里。保护措施：凡与风景旅游无关的建设项目一律不得在本区兴建，各项建设项目必须按程序报批。严禁开山取石、砍柴放牧和围垦开荒，继续实行封山育林、加强绿化。除规划限定的接待点外，不得建设宾馆、招待所及休疗养机构。已经建设的与旅游无关、有碍风景的建筑物必须限期改造或迁出。（3）一般保护区保护范围：景观有一定特色，但景物相对较分散的景区。自北向南为***景区、后山景区、大龙窝景区、茶庄中心接待区的全部及虎头崖景区的一部分。合计51.48平方公里。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 保护措施：与风景旅游无关的建设项目同样不能在本区兴建，确有必要的需根据规划，并履行报批手续，可建设一定规模的接待设施及农舍。要求严格保护本区的山石、水体，继续大力绿化荒山、植树造林。国营林场和乡镇林场应本着保持整体植被景观不遭破坏的原则，对本区内的树木进行采伐更新，且其年砍伐量不得超出年生长量。（4）保护控制区为保持自然风貌和人文景观的完整性，维持风景区的环境与生态平衡，在特别保护区、重点保护区、一般保护区之外，规划划分了一条景区外围保护带。西北以岳西毛尖山水库、十八罗汉尖，东南至梅城镇附近为界，合计面积约250.54平方公里。1.1.1评价区域景区保护级别比较项目建设范围与景区划分范围，项目工程建设不会直接影响绝对保护区景点、景物，项目建设施工影响范围为主峰景区与***景区的连接地带，以及***上游支流。因此，本评价的范围为***景区及主峰景区的一部分（以索道为中轴线向南北两侧延伸的区域），主峰景区为重点保护区，***景区为一般保护区，项目主要建设内容位于主峰景区内，因此，参照《山岳型风景资源开发环境影响评价指标体系》（HJ/T6-94），在该区域内，可建设供观光的交通设施项目。1.2建设的必要性和重要性1.2.1建设的必要性（1）项目建设是潜山县发展县域经济、脱贫致富奔小康的需要潜山县是国家级贫困县，属于传统的农业县，长期沿袭着种植粮食的老路子，产业结构不合理，产业化程度低，商品率不高，农民收入很难快速增长，目前还有不少人处于温饱线以下，由于农业基础不稳，已过温饱线的人口返贫的可能性依然存在。潜山县旅游资源丰富，丰富的旅游资源为潜山县旅游经济发展提供了得天独厚的优越条件，近10多年来，旅游事业发展势头明显加快，显示出旅游业的牵动效应。随着旅游业的发展，大大带动了交通、运输、餐饮、住宿、商品零售等产业规模不断扩大，进而实现了跳跃式发展，目前第三产业以高出第二产业几个百分点，为贫困的潜山县培育出新的经济增长点，为实施经济开发或扶贫，增加自身的“造血”功能，奠定了坚实的物质基础。实践证明，充分利用丰富的旅游资源，加快发展旅游业，把旅游作为扶贫的依托产业，是一条卓有成效的脱贫致富的好路子，是贫困地区实现扶贫攻坚目标的客观需要和现实选择，因此，项目的建设十分必要。（2）项目建设是国民经济和社会发展的需要theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 旅游业被称为朝阳产业，被国家确定为新的经济增长点和国民经济的重要组成部分，是有效促进地区经济发展、提升地方精神文明程度的重要途径。国内近几年大力支持和推动旅游业的发展，各地政府也积极维护和推进旅游产业的发展。我国的西部开发战略，更以生态建设和环境保护为根本点和切入点。重点生态保护的方针政策，同时也为旅游经济发展提供了政策性的指导方向。因此，项目的建设符合我国国民经济和社会发展的需要。（3）项目建设是发展***省旅游事业的需要《***省国民经济和社会发展第十个五年计划纲要》也十分明确地指出：“把旅游业培育成为新的支柱产业。加强重点旅游景区、旅游城市开发与配套设施建设，开拓大众旅游市场，保护旅游资源，提高文化品味，提高旅游接待，要求到2005年全省旅游收入达到350亿元以上，比2000年翻一番，在全国位次前移”。为此，***省委、省政府早在2000年7月就下发皖[2000]14号文件，明确指出：“随着经济全球化，我国产业结构升级和体制转轨的加速，以及人民生活水平的不断提高，旅游业发展正面临前所未有的良好机遇。抓住机遇，加速发展，推动全省旅游经济再上新台阶，使旅游业成为我省经济在新世纪的强劲增长点，是全省上下一项十分重要而繁重的任务”。因此，根据省委、省政府发展旅游经济的精神，投资建设***风景名胜区的基础设施建设，是发展***省旅游事业的需要，必将对潜山县乃至***省旅游业的发展做出贡献。（4）***旅游发展战略的需要随着***市场前景的开阔，进入主峰景区的游客量持续增加，2004年***风景区接待游客85万人次，其中进入主峰景区21万人次，尤其在旺季，给主峰景区造成极大的压力，开发***景区是***风景区整体发展战略的重要组成部分，而索道等项目的建设，对于缩短游客在路上的时间，沟通主峰景区与***景区，开拓***风景区北线具有重要意义，是景区开发的必要，也是分流游客、缓解主峰压力的需要。1.1.1项目建设的可行性（1）选址可行theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 项目选线，尤其是索道的选线，充分考虑了避开精华景观，从多视角看，均不会影响主峰景区的景观，相比较***青龙涧索道，距离主峰景区要远得多。同时，处于主峰景区与***景区之间，位于皖涧竹海的边缘地带，附近也没有其他的重要景观，因此，项目的选址可行。（2）项目设计合理步道依照现有上山小道而建，路线合理，原来从此路线上下山即不是非常困难，因此，在施工时也很便利，不会造成太大的破坏。设置两条上下山路线，可适当分流游客，给了游客两种选择的机会。另外，索道型式的选择具有步道所没有的优势。客运架空索道作为现代化的交通工具以其独特的优势受到人们的欢迎,对各种自然地形和自然条件有较理想的适应能力,它不仅为游客代步登山,可以运送物资,且也是空中遨游观赏风景的一种旅游设施,它对环境污染少,对植被和森林破坏少,投资少,见效快,经济和社会效益显著，维护保养比较简单经营费用低，利润高，国外已建成三万多条,国内已建成400多条,遍布全国几十个省和多数风景名胜区。目前许多国家风景名胜区均建设了客运架空索道。索道的建设不仅解决了广大游客登山难的问题，而且也为景区增添了新的游览设施，为净化景区环境、改善景区旅游条件提供了方便，社会、经济效益都较好。建成后将对景区产生积极的影响。1.1***景区客流量分析按照《***风景名胜区***景区重点地段详细规划》，***景区内真正可供游客游览的只有5个地段，按室外活动面积4m2/人，游览时段为6小时测算，龙潭地段环境容量为2500人次/日，杨家大屋120人次/日，双河口100人次/日，万涧地段1500人次/日，干河地段300人次/日，合计为4520人次/日；考虑到本景区的环境容量相比较可达的游客量尚有很大的潜力，随着***旅游热的兴起，风景区内尚未开发的景观资源能够满足游人的多种需要，因此，在游客量的预测中，还应保留较大的弹性。规划认为远期旅游高峰可按10000人次/日考虑。近期设计指标本评价采用7000人次/日。1.2工程环境影响分析theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 工程建设在***风景名胜区内，其突出影响表现在项目建成后将形成新的人工景观，将会对***风景名胜区整体自然景观产生一定的影响；其次，在施工期和运行期均会对生态环境产生影响，因植被破坏、水土流失的变化而导致区域自然体系生产能力降低是生态影响的直接表现；工程建设期间产生的水污染物、大气污染物、噪声和振动、固体废弃物也会对生态环境造成一定的影响；***景区开发有利于景区内人民改善贫困的生活，实现可持续发展。1.1.1工程施工期影响分析3.3.1.1工程施工期对景观环境的影响工程对景观环境的影响主要表现在如下方面：（1）由于工程建设活动在景观影响敏感区域实施，在建设中因缺乏对景观资源的特殊性认识或缺少审美观念而造成景观资源的破坏，破坏植被的连续性和山体整体性，造成不良景观。（2）其它对景观资源的影响可能存在如侵占、破碎化、阻拦、不协调等直接或间接影响。3.3.1.2工程施工期对自然环境的影响（1）对地质地貌的影响①引起微地貌的变化工程建设时开山炸石，削坡整平，都将直接改变山体的微地貌形态。索道上、下行站址、以及景区大门的建设将彻底改变建设区域的原生微地貌。②导致岩石强度减弱施工时的爆破震动，可使局部区域节理构造不完善的花岗岩基岩各种裂隙扩大，导致岩石松动，强度减弱，同时，坡面上堆积物被剥离，微地形的变化，进一步加强了流水侵蚀、片状剥落、冻融冰劈和矿物水解等外营力的作用，将使岩石强度进一步减弱，尤其增加了索道工程上的隐患。③水土流失建设区地形坡度较陡，且多暴雨，项目建设前只因地面植被覆盖率较高，水土流失不甚明显，但在项目建设过程中，植被受到破坏，大量开挖出来的土石和新出现的裸露面均增强了水土流失的可能性，在受到洪暴等因素诱发时还易发生滑坡、崩塌等突发性灾害。（2）对植物和动物的影响①植被受到破坏项目施工的范围不是很大，虽不会引起明显的生态失调现象，但在施工期间仍会导致局部区域生物量的减少。据调查，项目施工区域没有珍稀名贵植物的记载。②引起动物迁移theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 施工期间，爆破、砍伐、挖掘、搬运等人为活动，必将对原栖息的动物产生较大干扰，引起较多的鸟类和大型兽类迁徙。3.3.1.3施工期对环境质量的影响（1）施工期对水体的影响施工期生产废水主要来源于砂石料冲洗、混凝土拌和及养护等施工过程。砂石料冲洗和混凝土拌和及养护等排放的废水除悬浮物和石油类指标较高外，其余指标均较低。由于石油类物质属毒性物质，故排入地表水体或入渗补给地下水均会使地表水体或地下水体水质恶化。施工高峰期将有190名工作人员在施工现场，按施工人员每人每天用水90L计，污水排放量约为72L/d·人，每天排放污水约13.68m3/d，生活污水成分见表3-1。表3-1施工人员生活污水成分（按中浓度计）单位：mg/l成分BOD5CODCr总氮氨氮总磷氯化物油脂浓度2205004025850100（2）施工期噪声的影响工程施工期间，施工主要噪声源为：（1）机动车辆行驶(流动声源)；（2）砂石料加工（固定声源）；（3）混凝土拌和（固定声源）；（4）开挖爆破（固定声源）。根据环境现状调查可知，施工区周围无较大的居民点，因此施工区噪声影响的对象主要是施工人员。对于砂石料加工系统、混凝土拌和系统等施工人员，必须采取必要的劳动保护措施。（3）施工期废气的影响岩石爆破、物料生产和装运、堆场扬尘和路面扬尘是大气污染的主要污染源，主要发生在施工期间，对环境空气的影响不大。生活燃煤、燃油动力机械产生的废气更少，对环境空气的影响更小。（4）施工期固体废弃物的影响固体废弃物主要是施工过程开挖的土石方和施工生活区的垃圾和粪便。应设置合适的堆积场所，避免污染环境、破坏景观。1.1.1工程运营期影响分析3.3.2.1运营期对景观环境的影响（1）景区建设工程中可能建设与景观不协调的设施破坏了景区自然景观资源，影响景区连续性，破坏人的审美过程；theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 （2）随着工程建设完工，游客增加将对景区的某些环境感应指标产生影响，如拥挤度、景区接纳能力等。3.3.2.2运营期对自然环境的影响（1）对水土流失的影响施工结束，意味着对地质地貌不再产生破坏作用，但已经产生的不良后果仍将继续起作用，水土流失就是很明显的一种。工程建设时，在施工场地和运输便道的植被均要受到严重破坏，山坡上缺乏植被保护，很快即成为导致水土流失的现实因素，另外，堆弃在山坡上的废弃土石若没有得到合理处置也会成为潜在的水土流失发生源。（2）对植物和动物的影响①对植物的破坏***景区开发后，由于游览路线变化，游客增多和随意爬山越岭，穿越山林，有部分地段的植被将因长期受到人为践踏破坏而产生严重后果。前山现状步道沿线植被根茎裸露，导致部分植被死亡既是可见的实例。②对大型禽兽的干扰项目建设完工后，随着自然植被的恢复，施工时的人为干扰消失，一部分外迁动物又会回归到原地，特别是一些小型动物会较快的在索道及步道沿线重新出现。由于游客数量增加，缆车在空中运动的噪声干扰等，项目建设对某些大型动物仍将有一定干扰作用。3.3.2.3运营期对环境质量的影响（1）对水体的影响随着***景区的开发，在旅游旺季，按接待游客7000人/天计，污水排放量每人按150L计，COD日人均排放量为60g/人，则***上游支流将新增受纳污水1050m3/d，COD日排放量为420kg/d，在旅游淡季，亦即枯水季节，按旺季日接待能力的1/4估算，***COD的日排入量为140kg/d。***上游河段目前是当地人重要的饮用水水源，将会受到污水排放的影响。（2）旅游垃圾的影响日产垃圾量既同游客数量、消费水平有关，也与燃料结构十分密切。据建设部城市建设研究院有关研究资料，黄山风景区的游客人均垃圾日产量为0.9kg。鉴于***游客消费水平低于黄山，故采取修正系数0.75，确定游客人均日产垃圾量为0.68kg。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 另外，燃料结构改变对垃圾产出量会产生很大影响，目前***景区内部还是以烧薪柴为主，在燃料结构由烧液化气或用电逐步替代薪柴的情况下，垃圾产量的订正系数为0.7，则届时游客人均垃圾日产量为0.48kg。可以预见，在***景区开发后，初步按游客在该景区滞留一天估算，其垃圾日产量最高峰能达到3.4t/d，在改变燃料结构的情况下为2.4t/d。因此，应合理设置垃圾收运系统，避免垃圾对环境卫生产生危害。1.1.1对社会经济的影响该项目的建设对社会经济方面的有利影响表现在以下方面：（1）这些设施的建设方便了游客，扩大了游客游览的范围；如果把旅游从“游”和“览”两方面加以分析的话，索道项目为那些希望节省“游”的时间以及那些无力“游”的游客提供了便利，满足了部分人的需要，使这部分游客节约了体力和时间，从而有更多时间和精力参与到景观审美的愉悦之中。（2）风景名胜资源地的居民迫切希望通过对风景名胜资源的开发带动地方经济的发展，提高自身的生活水平，在***景区内已自行组织了零星的开发，该项目的实施将有利于整合资源，进行有组织的开发，避免盲目开发造成更大的生态破坏，为他们创造更好的工作和生活条件，从整体上带动景区内贫苦居民改善生活。可以说，***景区资源的合理开发是实现可持续发展的重要举措。（3）从潜山县大环境来说，对于促进旅游产业的发展，推动当地经济的发展产生积极的作用。1.1.2替代方案3.4.4.1选址原则针对该项目是景区资源开发项目，尤其是索道工程建设对景区景观环境的影响目前尚存在较大的争议，因此，***积翠谷索道在选择线路及站址时，着重遵循以下原则：（1）索道线路和站址应尽量避开主要游览景点；（2）索道建设和整个景区的近期及远期规划保持一致，充分注意近期和远期、整体和局部的关系，统筹兼顾，以达到完整和统一；（3）站址的选择既要注意隐蔽，又要方便游客上下和集散，尽量降低游客登山的辛劳；（4）索道站房的建筑设计尽量要和周围环境景观相谐调。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 3.4.4.2索道可替代方案在编制《***风景名胜区***景区重点地段详细规划》（2000年5月）的过程中，曾经提出过两个索道备选方案；在编制《***风景名胜区基础设施建设项目（一期工程）可行性研究报告》（2005年4月）时，对积翠谷索道的选址又进行了新的论证，最终形成两个比较可行的方案，方案一即为本评价推荐的方案，在前文已做详细论述；方案二下站选在东关大门附近，方案一下站的东侧，地势较为平坦，利于游客集散。上站站址选在千丈崖和大东门之间的山谷中。选址（见图2-2）及主要技术参数如表3-1和3-2所示。表3-1索道方案二主要技术经济参数索道型式单线循环脱挂抱索器六人吊箱式线路水平长（m）1700上站高程/下站高程（m）880/396上下站高差（m）484索距（m）3.6运行速度（m/s）5.0站内速度（m/s）0.3～0.4主驱动功率（Kw）300吊厢容量（人）6吊厢数量（个）28吊箱间距（m）135全线支架数（个）15单向运输量（人/小时）750总投资（万元）4500表3-2索道方案二建设施工方案项目内容下站人工开挖石方400方、土方1000方，少量爆破上站人工开采石方1000方（少量爆破）土方1000方植被破坏以河谷原山路为主，加分支便道面积1700×4+15×20+400=7500㎡施工人员正常时期施工人员80人，高峰期130人，租用民房或搭简易工棚支架高程（m）396、390、420、445、480、520、550、550、630、660、700、740、800、830、880支架开挖量土方：15×3×3×1=135方；石方：15×3×3×2=270方运输石料场材料汽车运到下站，货运索道吊装到位，石子、黄沙全部外运，毛石就地开采利用，挖高填低，支架恢复适当加高。1.1环境影响识别及评价因子筛选theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 1.1.1环境影响识别3.4.1.1区域环境制约因素******景区基础设施建设项目位于***风景名胜区内，建设区域属风景资源分级保护规划重点保护区和一般保护区。区域环境对本工程建设的制约程度见表3-3。表3-3区域环境对本工程建设的制约因素分析环境要素对工程的制约因素自然环境景观环境3生态环境2土地资源2地表水水文2地表水水质2环境空气质量2声环境质量2社会环境供水1供电1公共设施2居住环境1旅游业1农业1社会经济2注：表中数字表示制约程度，“1”为轻度，“2”为中度，“3”为重度。3.4.1.2建设项目的环境影响因素建设项目对环境的影响，包括对自然环境和社会环境影响两部分，按其不同的建设阶段，分为施工期和营运期。在不同建设阶段，建设项目对各环境要素的影响类型和程度分析见表3-4。由表3-4可知，******景区基础设施建设项目的建设，对环境的影响是综合性的。这些影响，既有有利影响，也有不利影响；既有可逆影响，也有不可逆影响；既有短期影响，也有长期影响；既有直接影响，也有间接影响；既有局部影响，也有区域影响。表3-4建设项目的环境影响因素theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 影响类型影响阶段影响类型影响程度有利不利可逆不可逆短期长期直接间接局部区域不确定不显著显著小中大施工期环境影响影响景观环境√√√√√√影响生态环境√√√√√√√水土流失√√√√√√地表径流√√√√√√√营运期环境影响影响景观环境√√√√√√√√√影响生态环境√√√√√√√水土流失√√√√√√√地表径流√√√√√√旅游业√√√√√√√√3.4.1.3建设项目环境影响综合分析******景区基础设施建设项目的建设是为了适应***旅游业的发展，符合***风景名胜区的总体规划，而拟建项目的建设对自然环境影响体现在在项目施工期和营运期等各个阶段。其综合影响分析见表3-3。表3-3建设项目环境影响综合分析环境要素影影响响程分度析自然环境社会环境土地资源景观环境生态环境水土流失地表水环境环境空气声环境土地利用价值旅游业农业就业公共设施居住环境施工期有利影响+1+1不利影响-1-3-2-2-2-1-1-1-1-1-1综合影响-1-3-2-2-2-1-1+1-1-1+1-1-1营运期有利影响+1+2+3+1+1+1+1不利影响-1-3-2-2-2-1-1-1综合影响-1-2-2-2-2-1-1+2+3+1+1+1+1注：“+”表示有利影响，“-”表示不利影响，数字表示影响程度，“1”为轻度，“2”为中度，“3”为重度。3.4.1.4环境影响识别根据上述分析，本工程建设的主要环境问题分述如下：theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 （1）施工期的主要环境问题①工程施工将影响区域景观环境和生态环境；②工程施工将引起区域水土流失，并可能带来滑坡、崩塌等人为自然灾害，进而影响区域地表径流；③施工期爆破影响工程地质，导致站基等位置岩石强度减弱；④施工生活污水的排放及水土流失将影响区域地表水质；⑤施工期所产生的扬尘将影响局部区域环境空气质量；⑥施工期所产生的噪声，将影响局部区域声环境质量；⑦施工期所产生的垃圾，将影响局部区域卫生环境质量。（2）营运期的主要环境问题①项目营运期，项目所在地形成新的景观和生态环境，将影响周围区域的景观环境和生态环境；②项目营运初期，在采取一系列防护和修复措施后，施工期水土流失现象可得到控制，但在施工便道等局部区域仍将存在；③项目营运期所产生的废水对区域地表水水质有一定程度影响；④项目营运期所产生的设备噪声对区域声环境质量有一定程度影响；⑤项目营运期所产生的生活垃圾对区域环境质量有一定程度影响；⑥项目营运期，随着游客的增加以及游客在山上滞留时间的增加，将对风景区的旅游环境产生一定的影响；⑦项目营运期，将促进***旅游业及相关行业、设施不断发展，给潜山县的社会经济带来一定有利影响。1.1.1评价因子筛选根据工程建设性质及上述环境影响识别，建设项目的主要评价因子筛选如下：（1）社会环境旅游资源的开发与可持续利用；（2）景观环境景区景点和景观相融性；（3）生态环境土地生产能力、动植物物种、土壤侵蚀程度、水文水质；（4）环境质量theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 ①环境空气：TSP、NO2、SO2；②地表水环境：pH、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、生化需氧量（BOD5）、氨氮；③声环境：等效连续A声级。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 建设项目周围地区的环境现状1.1自然环境状况1.1.1地理位置***风景区位于***省***潜山县西部，其山麓距潜山县城仅9公里。风景区北以皖水北岸的龙潭、森华二村为界；南以潜河南岸为界；西自九井河西侧山脊，经黑虎洞、正果庵及和平、坞岩二村为界；东以虎头崖，至旌驾桥为界。总面积约区82.46平方公里。天柱峰地理座标为北纬30°43′，东经116°27′。具体位置详见图2-1。1.1.2地质地貌（1）地貌***风景名胜区为皖境大别山之余脉。地貌上为一侵蚀为主的中低山区，局部高山区。山体走向相符于大别山主脉，呈北西向延展，且在本区内构成了北西向的分水岭，形成两个独立的地表及地下水文单元，即皖河流域和潜水流域。本区地形从高山区向丘陵区过渡，总的地形趋势是从天柱主峰1488.4米高度逐渐向北东和南西方向跌落。中山：位于***的腹地，由混合花岗岩组成，多峡谷分割，危崖环境，海拔大于1000米，比高大于600米。以天柱峰为最高，海拔1488.4米。低山：海拔500-1000米，比高400-600米不等。与中山相连的低山由混合花岗岩组成。南部贺家畈、吴家宕一带与丘陵相连的低山，则由二长花岗片麻岩组成。丘陵：海拔小于500米。主要由二长花岗片麻岩、黑云母斜长片麻岩组成，分布在***的边缘地带，如野寨、白水湾、横冲、牌楼等地。盆地：在***中规模较小，***各地最宽处仅500米左右。中山盆地大致分布在400-500米，800米左右和900-1000米等几个高度。如400－500米茶庄盆地，750－800米马祖庵盆地，900－1000米蛇形坦盆地。溪涧：***为长期隆起地区，整个溪涧呈放射状特征。河流都自抬升中心的天柱峰、飞来峰、迎真峰、天狮峰等山峰之间的凹地源出，向四周倾泻，分别流入潜水、皖水。图4-1是***风景名胜区的卫星图片，***风景名胜区部分区域地貌图见图4-2。（2）地质theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 ***在大地构造上属阳淮古陆，与江南古陆隔江对峙，是我省地形强烈隆起的部分。***基本上由两类岩石所构成：一为二长片麻岩，分布于山麓一带；另一为万山岩体-混合花岗岩。岩体属白垩纪或中生代燕山晚期之产物。根据地质资料分析，近代该地区属相对稳定地区，未曾有过较大的或破坏性地震，也不存在泥石流发生的可能性。1.1.1气象、气候***属季风北亚热带气候区。总的气候特点是：四季分明，气候温和，光照充足，雨量丰沛，无霜期较长，春雨连绵，夏热多雨，秋高气爽，冬季干冷。平均年气温9.5℃左右，1月份平均气温为-2℃，7月份平均气温20.3℃，极端最高温度29℃，极端最低温度-13.4℃。年平均日照在2000小时以下。***全年平均雾日在250天左右，最多可达300天，最小也有200天。历年平均降水最高达1900毫米，一年中最多降水日可达150天左右。6、7月为梅雨期，平均梅雨期24天。由于***地形高差大，气候垂直变化明显。在主景区，气温低，降雨量大，湿度高，温差大，可以看到许多神奇的气象景观，频添许多神秘的色彩。1.1.2水文***南有潜水、北有皖水，山间的溪流多呈放射状分布，分别均汇入其中。潜水发源于岳西与霍山两县交界的黄冒尖、公界岭之间。全河流程230多公里，潜水在***范围内长24.7公里。野人寨以上河宽120-250米，坡降1/400-1/1000，野人寨以下河宽300-550米，坡降变缓，即1/2000-1/2500。潜水及其支流均为山溪性河流特征，呈现陡涨陡落情势。历年最高水位达31.82米；最低水位28.1米，正常年水量为11.6立方米。汇入潜水的支流，在***地区内主要有：林家河、九井河、黑虎河、程家冲、牛马河等。其中九井河是瀑布分布最多的河流。皖水，发源于岳西与霍山两县交界。在***东北部，在***范围内长32公里。皖水与潜水的水文特征相同，均为山溪性河流，正常年水量9.91亿立方米。风景秀丽的***是皖水中流的一段，汇水面积约850平方公里，素有“九滩十八湾”之称。汇入潜水的支流，在***地区内有坞岩河、皖涧、锣鼓冲、龙井冲等。自雷公井经龙潭街至杜阜街，流程16.5公里，河宽60-100米，水深2-5米，水面宽15-28米，比降1/100-1/500，常年流量均衡，除汛期外，四季可供乘筏游览。自杜阜街以下称后河，至县城县郊流程约15公里。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 风景秀丽的***是皖水中游的一段，汇水面积约850平方公里。由于受到北东方向岩脉穿插的影响，***蜿蜒曲折，险滩多处，素有“九滩十八湾”之称。自龙潭街至杜埠街，流程5公里多，河宽60～100米，水深2～5米，水面宽15～28米，比降为1%～2‰。1.1.1土壤***地区的土壤类型呈现较明显的垂直分布规律。黄红壤：分布于海拔200-400米，茶庄以下南坡山脚一带，呈弱酸性，生长映山红、芒萁等灌木、草本植物，间有竹木，一般以马尾松居多，伴有杉木、檫木、茶等。山地黄红壤：分布于海拔400－800米，茶庄以上佛光寺以下的中部一带。呈强酸性至弱酸性。植被多为常绿、落叶阔叶混交林或次生的落叶阔叶林，并有毛竹、马尾松成片生长。山地棕壤：分布于海拔800－1100米，佛光寺以上的良药坪以下地段。略偏酸性，主要适应落叶阔叶林生长。1.1.2植物***地处大别山南部植被区，属亚热带北缘常绿阔叶林地带。区内森林覆盖率74.3%，绿化率76.2%。植被覆盖率：前山佛光寺、后山长洼岗以上为87%以上，前山茶庄、后山佝脚岭以下为35~60%之间。树种比重针叶林占主体部分，阔叶林稀少，垂直分带较明显。地带性植被有亚热带的代表树种：甜槠、青冈栎、苦槠、香樟等。垂直带谱：海拔100~200米地带为农作物和经济作物为主的人工植被；海拔200~400米地带由于长期砍伐，成片的常绿阔叶林已不多见，只有散生的常绿阔叶树；海拔400~800米地带，为落叶阔叶混交林带，并以落叶阔叶树为主。由于林场、乡、村人工造林，大部分地区已被马尾松和灌木丛代替，但仍有零星散生的常绿和落叶树种；海拔800~1100米地带，为落叶阔叶林带，南坡主要为***松和杉木林等，有少数阔叶林树种散生；海拔1100~1400米为山地矮林带及局部山地草甸，陡坡岩缝常绿灌木丛、***松。如天柱峰西侧峭壁之上的天柱松已有1800多年的历史了，至今仍老树抽新枝，屹立于悬崖之上，风雨之中；神秘谷逍遥宫顶的虬龙松，九桠并生，卷曲虬伏；飞来峰西南绝壁下的五妹松，松分五枝，神态各异；小心坡旁的舞女松，袅袅娜娜，长袖善舞。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 ***植物种类丰富，据不完全统计有野生植物1650多种，其中珍稀、孑遗植物多种，有一级稀有的水杉、二级稀有的银杏、香果树；二级濒危的大别山五针松、二级渐危的天女花、天麻、黄莲等。组成***植被中，常见到一些属于第三纪以来的古老孑遗植物，如蕨类中的蛇足石杉、紫萁、芒萁等。被子植物的青钱柳、糙叶榆、香果树、枫香、黄莲木等，裸子植物的银杏、水杉、柳杉、三尖杉、粗榧等。这些植物的存在，进一步说明***植被学的丰富和起源古老。植被类型分布情况见表4-1。表4-1植被类型分布情况海拔高度（米）植被类型500以下常绿阔叶林、人工马尾松、杉木林、毛竹林500～800常绿落叶阔叶混交林、天然马尾松林、针阔混交林、马尾松林、人工杉木林、毛竹林800～1200落叶阔叶混交林、天然黄山松林、针阔混交林等1200以上黄山松林、山地矮林和山地篙草1.1.1动物野生动物有300多种，其中大鲵、白冠长尾雉、小灵猪、穿山甲、毛冠鹿、金钱豹等，均为国家保护的珍稀动物。其他常见的有刺猬、华南兔、松鼠、豪猪、白猸、水獭、野猪、黄羊等。常见的鸟类有鹭鸶、野鸭、雉尾鸡、若恶、斑鸠、杜鹃、猫头鹰、翡翠、啄木鸟、白头翁、黄鹂、八哥、灰喜鹊、画眉、山雀等。1.1.2风景资源***风景名胜区风景资源丰富，以峰雄、石奇、洞幽、水秀的自然景观和特定奇异的时令景色而著称。在1979年组织专家实地考察，拥有45峰、17岭、16岩、18崖、86石、53洞；而且水景明丽，拥有8泉、7瀑、13河、11井。可分为三祖寺、马祖庵、主峰、虎头崖、九井河、大龙窝、后山、***等8个景区。峰雄：主峰拔地而起，独立于群峰之中，直入霄汉，雄绝险峻；飞来峰三面峭壁，顶有大石如盖，巍然壮观；蓬莱峰云生肘腋，恍若仙境；莲花峰如出水莲苞，巧趣横生；迎真峰直耸青天，仿若亭亭玉立的“迎真仙子”；大天门双峰对峙，一线通天，气势非凡；奇谷天梯陡峭异常，游人至此肩踵相及，惊险独特；千丈崖绝壁幽深，如刀削斧砍，陡险至极；总关寨惨石罗列，炮台高耸，大有“一夫当关，万夫莫开”theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 之势。其它还有迎真峰、三台峰、覆盆峰等等，皆各呈雄姿。石奇：有多种造型，惟妙惟肖，栩栩如生。如皖公神相、蜒蚰石等等，无不是大自然的鬼斧神工，巧然天成。洞幽：天柱峰东，拜岳台下，三块巨石交叠而成的仙人洞（柬之洞），内阔如厅，尚有石凳石灶石床，可炊可憩，站立洞前，凭眺群峰，千嶂万壑，吐雾吞云，正如白乐天所赞“洞门千仞锁云雷”。更为奇特的是被道家称为司玄洞府的神秘谷，全长约500米，垂直高差150米，洞上有洞，洞下有洞，洞中有洞，洞洞相连，经三宫十几次进出，时而匍匐而行，时而长驱直入，时而凭借微光摸索前进，时而峰回路转柳暗花明，危洞幽深，忽明忽暗，神奇莫测，世所罕有。水秀：水是山的眼睛，山因水而得灵气。***“两河夹一山”的独特山水格局，为其它名山所少有。山有多高，水就有多长。“飘云瀑”，***最高的瀑布，海拔1100余米，这里崖高势陡，瀑面宽阔，因涧口岩石上皱纹横列，泉水流过，形成一片一片淡薄的浪花，飘洒而下，丰水季节亦然。“激水瀑”，青龙涧水从此飞流直下，声若巨雷，数里之外，即闻其声。“雪崖瀑”，岩石皎洁如银，流水莹彻似雪，水大时如雷鸣虎啸，水小时如珠落玉盘。“黑虎瀑”，***最长的瀑布，远看似银链，近看如蛟龙。“飞龙瀑”，上接蓝天，下分九支，恰如九条飞龙，为***最美的瀑布。另有九井河、潜河、皖河，九滩十八湾，两岸青山滴翠，或竹木参天，或杨柳依依，或芳草萋萋，更是竹筏漂流的理想所在。1.1.1人文景观***最早的人文景观可以上溯到5000多年前以“薛家岗文化遗址”为代表的古皖文化。薛家岗文化遗址出土文物有石器、陶器、玉器三大类，生产工具以石器为主，其中13孔石刀为国内首次发现，极其珍贵，生活用具以陶器为主，代表了新石器时代独树一帜的一种文化。古南岳的踪迹最早可以追溯到汉武帝封岳，现在仍可探寻到当年汉武祭岳留存的“祭岳台”、“旌驾桥”等遗迹。后隋文帝志在南疆，南岳封号移于湖南衡山。自东汉方士、大魔术家左慈在***五指峰下的炼丹房内首开中国炼丹术，并在***传教，开创了中国道教之先河，与之相关的景点有左慈“炼丹房”、“炼丹台”、“炼丹湖”以及“天书峰”、“大鹏听经”等。道教遂在此生根。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 萧梁时期，金陵高僧宝志来***布道，并与方士白鹤道人斗法，结果平分秋色，从此，***成为佛道圣地。唐宋鼎盛时期的寺观不下百余座，曾有“三千道士八百僧”之说。佛教代表性建筑为凤凰山下的三祖禅寺和***腰的佛光寺（马祖庵）以及县城西郊的太平塔。三祖寺于1982年被国务院列为汉族地区142所重点寺庙之一，寺内觉寂塔建于唐天宝年间，为三祖僧璨的舍利塔；另有建于唐朝的“三祖传衣洞”和建于宋朝的“摩围泉”。道教代表性建筑为今三祖寺东北山冈上的真源宫及九井河畔的天祚宫，现皆仅存遗址。***的钟灵毓秀，吸引着众多的文人墨客达官显宦前来造访。如唐李白“奇峰出奇云，秀水含秀气”，白居易“天柱一峰擎日月，洞门千仞锁云雷”的诗句至今仍在我们的耳畔回响。宋朝的王安石曾任三年舒州通判，每夜都要到天宁寨上的舒王台读书，后“舒台夜月”竟成了“潜阳十景”之一。黄庭坚在石牛古洞内筑亭读书，并坚称“潜山即吾家”。作为全国重点文物保护单位的山谷流泉摩崖石刻，拥有自唐以来各朝名人的300余方石刻，其中以唐朝李翱、李德修，宋朝王安石、黄庭坚的亲笔题刻，尤为珍贵。古皖大地，地灵人杰。早在三国时，这里就诞生了著名天文学家、数学家王蕃，晚唐有诗人曹松，宋朝有宰相王珪，到了近代，更有京剧鼻祖程长庚、章回小说大师张恨水、杂技皇后夏菊花。他们都是***的儿女，他们都是喝皖河水长大的。现在的潜山博物院内就有程长庚陈列室和张恨水纪念馆。1.1.1水土流失项目区土壤侵蚀类型主要是水力侵蚀，重力侵蚀也时有发生，侵蚀形式以面蚀为主，沟蚀次之，面蚀主要发生在坡面上，沟蚀大多发生在坡脚处，也发生在坡耕地上，多出现细沟状面蚀。根据水土流失调查及省国土资源厅卫星图片解译测算，项目区水土流失现状见图5-7。本项目范围内存在的水土流失类型主要为Ⅰ、Ⅱ类，另外极少的区域为Ⅲ、Ⅳ及Ⅴ类侵蚀。1.2社会经济状况1.2.1行政区划***风景名胜区范围内包括十一个村和一个国营林场。即龙潭乡的森华、龙潭、万涧村，***镇的茶庄、黑虎、风景、天寺、建华村，割肚乡的和平、天柱、乌岩村，国营***林场。1.2.2人口资料theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 1984年风景区总人口13332人，劳动力占5022人，总耕地8966亩，人均0.67亩。***林场与社队林场面积占风景区面积90％以上。林场职工134人（包括林业派出所5人），总人口160人。据2000年末调查统计风景区总人口13772人。据2003年末调查统计，***风景区所在的三个乡镇人口综合状况如下：（1）常住人口28906人，其中农业人口28201人，（2）男性14953人，占总人口53％，女性13953人，占总人口47％，（3）省内迁入29人，省外迁入10人，迁往省内108人，迁往省外82人。1.1.1经济概况***区是一个典型的山区，耕地面积较少。农业人均耕地0.67亩/人。***风景名胜区经过十多年来的开发建设，取得了一定的经济效益，基础设施逐步完善，初步形成了“吃、住、游、购、娱”配套服务体系，旅游业成为支柱产业。旅游经济在国民经济中占主导地位。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 环境现状评价1.1景观环境现状评价1.1.1***风景名胜资源评价***以峰之雄、石之怪、松之奇、水之秀，洞谷深幽，人文史迹众多，森林环境雅静著称于世。纵观***风景名胜资源，评价如下：（1）风景区不仅有独特的自然资源，更有内涵丰富、历史悠久的人文名胜，其自然景观与人文景观相辅相成。从5000余年历史的“薛家岗文化”、汉武帝南巡封祭、经唐、宋、元、明、清历代均留下了许许多多的人文古迹，给风景区注入了不可多得的文化内涵，使游客在领略大自然美景的同时，进行寻古探幽、科研考察，提高游览品味，增加游览趣味，丰富旅游内容。（2）在自然景观方面，风景区兼有“雄、奇、灵、秀”四种风格，刚柔相济、相得益彰。雄：主峰拔地而起顶天立地，其它峰峦皆环而拱立；奇：总关寨怪石罗列、形态各异，神秘谷洞穴神奇、幽深莫测；灵：丰富的水资源为一般花岗岩之山岳风景区少见，飞瀑流泉随处可见，有一泻千丈有涓涓细流，且长流不竭；秀：苍松翠竹，阴翳蔽日，烟云变幻，气象万千。（3）山水自然布局奇特。左有潜水，右有皖水，形成“二河夹一山”之势，山因水活，水随山流。山峰层层排列，如三道屏风形成障景，裹藏青峰于深处，排列有序，空间层次丰富，最后方可望见主峰，形成高潮，此亦为名山之少见。（4）景点相对集中，适宜游览观光，便于分期开发。主峰景区、三祖寺景区一带面积不过10余平方公里，却集中了较多的自然资源与人文景观，还有马祖庵、虎头崖、九井河等，相对独立，各具特色。（5）具有发展多种形式旅游的条件。除主要的登山游览观景外，九井河等路线可乘车漫游；后山山林资源丰富，可进行原野休憩或科研性旅游；***河水湍急，可以发展竹筏体验性游览；而前山的潜水却较为平缓，或船或筏，悠悠荡荡，赏景宴乐，别具情趣。其它景点可供科教考察、休假歇憩。（6）良好的生态环境得以保持。一方面，***开发起步较晚，原有生态环境未遭破坏；另一方面，各级领导的重视及管理的加强，使***建设过程中，基本按原总体规划进行，使***风景区保存了其山清水秀、景美境幽的自然风貌。1.1.2主峰景区景观环境现状评述theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 主峰景区东自皖涧，西括飞来峰，南起庵基坦，北界白莲崖，面积7.44平方公里。景区中的精华景点、景物属特别保护区，其他区域属于重点保护区。主峰景区是***精华游览区，集中了全山的众多山峰，海拔千米以上的山峰23座；罗列了全山大部分怪石，有名可指者达43块。这一景区奇峰雄险，怪石嵯峨，峡谷深幽，洞玄府秘。移步换景，“跻身蓬岛”，处处端秀神迷，贵在自然。天柱峰海拔1488.4米，全身石骨，拔地而起，“孤立擎霄”、“顶天立地”。五指、莲花、天池、含珠、飞来、月华等峰拱卫天柱，势如“万岳归宗”。神秘谷是***一大奇观，洞中有洞，洞洞相连，神秘难测。主峰区的石千奇百怪，主峰区的松千姿百态。随着时间和空间的不同，主峰区可观赏到变幻神奇的时景。1.1.1***景区景观环境现状评述***景区位于整个风景区的东北部，东至杜埠、***以东0.5km，西至茶壶岗、丁家老屋，南至黄岭、陈家岭一线，并含龙潭乡区，总面积16.61km2。景区内没有属于绝对保护区的景点、景物，属一般保护区。***景区内山峦起伏、茂林修竹、河道弯弯、农舍古屋，是一种山岳型田园风光。***从现龙潭乡到杜埠总长度约7公里，是皖水上游的别称，九滩十八弯，险滩滚玉，平水莹镜，青山紫崖，农舍古寨是该景区极大特色。***大桥、黄家祠堂、杨家大屋、杨家祠堂、双河口民居、纸坊、古树等也是该景区内主要景点。该景区的另一大特色是在***的中段可远眺天柱峰，尉为壮观；千丈崖崖头高耸，崖壁垂削险绝，下临深涧，崖下山谷，树木纷繁，叠翠涌浪；皖涧全长5公里，崇山峻岭中遍生茂密的毛竹，青绿伟岸，从远处眺望，艳阳辉映，青光闪耀，碧波蓝天，浑然一体。1.1.2项目用地景观质量分析theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 该项目位于主峰景区与***景区的交界地段，即干河-千丈崖地段。该地段山体层层升起，顶部为岩石、中上部为松树、中下部为竹林，且随着溪流与滚石自然地延续、伸展。步道的建设依托原有山间小道，见图5-1；积翠谷索道上站位于步道以北约100米的走马岗东部用地高处，下站位于里屋右下侧较高处，见图5-2、5-3；景区大门用地环境现状见图5-4。工程用地景观质量分析见表5-1。表5-1工程用地景观质量分析景观要素定性描述山体山体起伏较大，山势较陡，可视景观较好水体***上游支流、水质好珍贵景观无文物古迹无森林环境顶部为岩石、中上部为松树、中下部为竹林，环境尚佳项目位于主峰景区的东关一线，因为处于主峰景区和***景区的交接地带，用地选择时自然避开了主峰景区内的精华景观，（图5-5清楚表明了主峰景区内精华景观的位置），***景区也因其景观特点定位为竹筏游览景区，在项目用地范围内，会影响部分竹海的远景视觉景观，没有其他具特色的景观，项目用地范围内没有珍贵景观和文物古迹，主要景观特点为森林覆盖率较高，环境尚佳，符合***风景区特色，属***风景名胜资源分级保护的二级严格保护区，景观类别为重点保护区，凡与风景旅游无关的建设项目一律不得在本区兴建，可建设供观光的交通设施项目。1.1区域生态环境现状评价本报告书利用******地质公园综合考察报告对***风景名胜区全面的勘察分析资料，结合本次我所技术人员的生态环境现场调查情况，采用景观生态学方法，进行生态环境评价。1.1.1景观生态体系的组成与基本特征本评价范围是主峰景区和***景区，面积为24.05km2。根据区域的空间分布情况，评价区域内景观生态体系可分为下列组分：（1）珍稀濒危植物构成的景观，主峰景区范围内珍稀濒危植物是***植被学的丰富和起源古老的鉴证，也是重要的自然景观。如天柱峰西侧峭壁之上的天柱松、神秘谷逍遥宫顶的虬龙松、飞来峰西南绝壁下的五妹松等。***景区内双河口的三棵古树是***景区内的一处重要景点。参照图5-5所示，这些珍贵的景观资源距离项目施工区域均较远，不会受到直接的破坏，经现场调查，该项目建设也不会影响其景观效果。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 （2）石景景观，通过地貌图（图4-2）和植被现状图（图5-6）判别，在主峰及***景区范围内有几处面积较大的石景，分布在500m以上的中低山，其中天柱峰所在的石景拼块分布在1000m以上的中山，该石景拼块是***风景名胜区精华的景观，不在项目施工影响范围之内，也不因项目区的实施，影响其自然景观。项目区范围内包括部分千丈崖石景，但在施工区域也没有珍贵的石景景观资源，在项目所在区域视觉范围内仅有普通的石壁。山石裸地生态系统，属于环境资源拼块，因山势陡峭，土层瘠薄，自然生产力与恢复能力均很弱。（3）以松树、杉树为主的针叶林生态系统，主要分布在海拔800m以上米中低山地带，***景区以东也有分布，属于环境资源型拼块，是本区分布最广，连通程度高，并对本区环境质量具有动态控制的主要拼块，该拼块类型的自然生产力在1000g/(m2·a)左右。（4）以毛竹林为主的人工林生态系统，分布在低于500m的丘陵地带，属于人类干扰后人工恢复的环境资源拼块类型，对本区环境质量也有动态控制功能，该拼块类型的自然生产能力在800g/(m2·a)左右。（5）以野山楂、映山红、野古草、苔草为主的灌丛草地生态系统，属于人类活动造成的干扰拼块，多分布在建筑物、道路、山石附近，在***景区北侧有较大面积分布，该拼块类型的自然生产能力在550g/(m2·a)左右。（6）人工植被为主的生态系统，属于引进拼块中的种植拼块，以农田为主，是人类干扰比较严重的拼块类型，该拼块类型的自然生产能力在600g/(m2·a)左右。（7）河流生态系统，属于环境资源拼块类型。（8）各种建筑物、道路等生境，是引进拼块中的聚居地，是受人类干扰最显著的组分之一，是人造的拼块类型。这些景观组分之间有着相辅相成、相互制约和相互矛盾的特定的生态学关系。从景观美学方面来看，前二种景观类型决定了***风景名胜区的景观级别，是决定***风景名胜区环境资源价值高低的决定因素，是需要重点保护、不容损害的景观资源；从生态环境质量稳定性方面来看，第3、4种生态系统对评价区域整个生态系统具有动态控制能力的。因此，本区域生态质量的控制性组分是环境资源拼块类型，而环境资源拼块自然生产能力的环境资源拼块，对于维持本区域环境质量稳定状况具有动态控制能力，是本区生态系统环境质量控制的判定因素。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 1.1.1植被类型调查与分析（1）以松、杉为主的针叶林，其间散生少数以茅栗为主落叶阔叶灌木，面积8.78km2，占评价区域的36.5%。（2）以毛竹为主的人工林。分布在海拔580~700米的北坡上，树种单一，林相整齐，面积10.06km2，占评价区域的41.8%。（3）以野山楂、映山红、野古草、苔草为主的灌丛草地。主多分布在建筑物、道路、山石附近，在***景区北侧有较大面积分布，面积1.85km2，占评价区域的7.7%。（4）农田，面积1.73km2，占评价区域的18.80%。植被类型分布见图5-6，各种类型的分布面积统计结果见表5-2。表5-2评价区域植被类型统计植被类型面积(km2)占评价区(%)平均净生产力[g/(m2·a)]1以松、杉为主的针叶林8.7836.510002以毛竹为主的人工林10.0641.88003以野山楂、映山红、野古草、苔草为主的灌丛草地1.857.75504农田1.335.3600合计22.0292.7846.66按照奥德姆生态系统总生产力划分等级评价标准，地球上各种生态系统总生产力的高低划分为以下四个等级：①最低：荒漠和深海，生产力最低，通常为36.5g/(m2·a)或少于182.5g/(m2·a)；②较低：山地森林、热带稀疏草原等，平均生产力约为182.5～1095g/(m2·a)；③较高：热带雨林、浅湖等，平均生产力约为1095～3650g/(m2·a)；④最高：少数特殊的生态系统（农业高产田、河漫滩、三角洲、珊瑚礁、红树林），生产力约为3650～7300g/(m2·a)，最高可达9125g/(m2·a)。经以上分析可见，评价区域由于处于山区，由于历史上受人类干扰，部分地区山地森林系统发生退化，转变为灌丛林地和人工植被，但总生产力仍可维持在奥德姆生态系统等级评价标准中山地森林这一级别。1.1.2区域土地利用现状调查与分析theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 评价区域土地利用拼块分为石景、林地、灌丛草地、水域、各种建筑物及道路等，土地利用现状图见图5-7，土地利用情况见表5-3。表5-3评价区域土地利用现状拼块类型数目(块)面积(km2)林地718.84灌丛草地71.85农田51.33水域10.05各种建筑物及道路110.41石景（即山石裸地）71.57合计3824.051.1.1水土流失现状调查与分析（1）引起水土流失的自然因素拟建工程地区为石质山区，主要为花岗岩类，其特点是SiO2含量很高，多达60~75%。花岗岩类主要组成矿物是石英、钾长石、斜长石和云母，这些矿物的膨胀系数不一，区内花岗岩山地，夏季岩石表面温度高达60~75℃，反复的热胀冷缩过程，加速了花岗岩表面岩粒碎解，产生层状裂隙，加之花岗岩体中节理发育，更加速风化过程的进行。而拟建工程地区地处季风盛行区，降雨量充沛，多年平均为1900mm，降雨集中，多在4~8月份，降雨量占全年的70%左右。因此所产生的地表径流时间短，强度大，这无疑是侵蚀坡面的强大动力。又由于拟建工程地区的山势陡峭，坡度较大，土层较薄，植被覆盖率低处的表层土壤极易在雨滴击溅和冲刷下，随径流沿坡面向下移动，造成水土流失。综上所述，本地区可引起水土流失的自然因素将给保护水土资源带来不利影响。（2）水土流失的现状分析theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 根据评价区域地质勘察资料，评价区域（主要包括主峰景区、约海拔800m以上）地质岩层由中粒二长花岗岩组成，往东北以下（包括***景区）地质岩层主要由花岗质片麻岩组成。自燕山中、晚期以来，本区处于稳定平静期。第四纪新构造运动差异性升降，***花岗岩山体在冰冻、风化、崩塌、剥落、流水与化学作用下，逐渐形成现在的水文地质景观，并有第四纪松散沉积物堆积。花岗岩质抗侵蚀能力较强，片麻岩虽易于侵蚀，但目前***景区范围内植被状况良好，评价区域的森林覆盖率较高，达到78.3%，其树冠截留部分降雨，改变了雨水落地的方式，减缓了暴雨对地面的直接冲击，构成对地表的第一道防线；林下灌丛草地发育良好，具有很强的吸水能力和缓流作用，能够充分涵养水源，保持水土。使得该区域林地带的水土流失现象并不明显，大部分为轻微度侵蚀。评价区域也有一部分植被覆盖率较低的花岗质片麻岩地段，其土壤侵蚀强度略高，因地势、植被覆盖率等情况诧异，其土壤侵蚀级别在中度、乃至极强度。区域水土流失的评价标准采用《土壤侵蚀强度分类分级标准》（SL190-96），标准值见表5-4。根据水土流失调查及省国土资源厅卫星图片解译测算，区域水土流失现状统计见表5-5和图5-8。表5-4土壤侵蚀强度分类分级标准级别平均侵蚀模数(t/(hm2·a))微度侵蚀<5轻度侵蚀5~25中度侵蚀25~50强度侵蚀50~80极强度侵蚀80~150剧烈侵蚀>150表5-5评价区域景区土壤侵蚀现状统计土壤侵蚀类别面积(km2)占评价区域(%)微、轻度侵蚀区[<25t/(hm2·a)]22.3392.8中、强、极强度侵蚀区[>25t/(hm2·a)]1.727.2从以上分析可以看出，评价区域多数区域属微度、轻度侵蚀区（92.8%），但由于***景区地质岩层属花岗质片麻岩，一旦森林覆盖率下降，土壤侵蚀强度向严重发展的可能性较大。1.1.1水体理化性质的现状分析***景区的主要水体为***（本评价所称***指***景区内万涧至龙潭乡的河流主干）及其支流，河流沿线各重点地段都饮用河水，本评价采用***环境监测中心站2005年6月22、23日对***的水质现状监测进行分析。（1）监测点布设theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 本评价在***万涧河段（1#）和龙潭乡河段（2#）分别布置1个监测点，共两个监测点，具体位置见图5-9。（2）监测项目根据地表水体的功能性质及GB3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》，选取pH、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、生化需氧量（BOD5）、氨氮等5项监测因子作为本次水质评价的监测项目。（3）监测时间及频次2005年6月22、23日连续采样监测两天，每天一次。（4）评价标准按照***水体功能要求及***环保局的标准确认函，***及其支流水体水质应执行GB3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》中Ⅱ类标准，标准值见表5-6。表5-6地表水质评价标准值项目pH溶解氧高锰酸盐指数BOD5氨氮Ⅱ类水质标准值6～9≥6≤4≤3≤0.5注：除pH外，其余项目单位均为mg/l。（5）监测结果及分析评价将各监测点的两次监测结果列于表5-7。表5-7地表水质监测结果项目pH溶解氧高锰酸盐指数BOD5氨氮万涧河段（1＃）06.227.466.291.1510.02306.237.446.281.2410.020龙潭乡河段（2＃）06.227.516.212.752.30.09106.237.506.291.442.20.065注：除pH外，其余项目单位均为mg/l。将表5-7的各地表水体水质监测结果与表5-6的相应标准值对照可以看出，***万涧河段和龙潭乡河段的水质监测结果符合相应标准值的要求，这主要是由于各地表水体均源于山涧溪流，人为污染因素较少，且自净能力强，地表水质良好。1.1.1景观生态体系现状质量评价theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 根据前文所述，本区域属于景观生态等级自然体系，是由林地生态系统、灌丛草地生态系统、河流生态系统、山石裸地，以及各种建筑物和道路等生境有规律地相间组成，景观生态体系的质量现状是由区域内自然环境、各种生物以及人类社会之间复杂的相互作用来决定的。项目拟建场地是一个自然环境为主的区域，也带有人类长期干扰的痕迹。从景观生态学结构与功能相匹配的观点出发，结构是否合理决定了景观功能状况的优劣。在景观的三个组分：拼块、廊道和模地中，模地是景观的背景地域，是一种重要的景观元素类型，在很大程度上决定了景观的性质，对景观的动态起着主导作用。判定模地有三个标准，即相对面积要大，连通程度要高，具有动态控制能力。目前人们对景观模地的判定还多采用传统生态学中计算植被重要值的方法决定某一拼块在景观中的优势，也叫优势度值。优势度值由3种参数计算而出，即密度（Rd）、频率（Rf）和景观比例（Lp）。这三个参数对模地的判定中的前两个标准有较好的反映，第三个标准的表达不够明确，但依据景观中模地的判定步骤，当前两个标准的判定比较明确时，可以认为其中相对面积大、连通程度高的拼块类型，即为我们寻找的具有生境质量调控能力的模地。优势度值计算的数学表达式如下：嵌块i的数目嵌块总数×100％密度Rd=嵌块i出现的样方数总样方数×100％频率Rf=样方是以200m×200m为一个样方，对景观全覆盖取样，并采用MerringtonMaxine“t-分布点的百分比表”进行检验。嵌块i的面积样地总面积×100％景观比例Lp=（Rd＋Rf）/2＋Lp2×100％优势度值DO=将古牧羊河景区内各类拼块计算的优势度值列于表5-8。表5-8评价区域各类拼块优势度值theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 拼块类型Rd(%)Rf(%)Lp(%)DO(%)林地18.4281.678.3464.18灌丛草地18.429.137.6910.73农田13.166.775.537.75水域2.6312.390.213.86各种建筑物、道路28.9512.121.7011.12石景（即山石裸地）18.429.316.5310.20表5-8数据表明，在拟建项目评价区域各类拼块的优势度值中，林地DO值最高，达到64.18%，而且景观比例Lp值为78.34%，出现的频率Rf值为81.6%，说明林地已符合模地的判定标准，是该区域生态环境质量的控制性组分，因此该区域生态环境质量良好，具有较强的生产能力和受到干扰以后的恢复能力。而对生境质量干扰较大的类型，各种建筑物和道路的优势度值只达到11.12%，因此，目前人类干扰还没有达到使生境衰退的地步。由于本区植被受到人类的反复干扰，尽管强度还不至于使自然体系发生质的变化，但植被类型仍趋向单一化和人工化，因此异质化程度不高。林地的异质性有利于吸收环境的干扰，提供一种抗御干扰的可塑性。然而目前趋向简单的林地组成不利于对内外干扰的抗御，因此其阻抗能力是有限的，火灾和虫灾都很容易在区内扩散。1.1.1生态环境现状评价结论由于该区域林地经历史上的反复砍伐，原生植被基本没有分布，但在主峰景区分布有珍稀濒危植物构成的景观资源和石景资源，因此，项目施工时不得涉及主峰景区中的特别保护区，施工路线应选择从干河往上，到索道上站即止。项目拟建区域景观生态体系的生产能力较强，为846.66g/(m2·a)，具有受到破坏以后的恢复能力，但对内外干扰的阻抗能力较弱。因此，该区域的生态完整性基本符合该自然体系应具有的能力级别，属于良好等级。该区域水土流失并不严重，大部分区域（92.8%）的土壤侵蚀强度属于微、轻度侵蚀区，但由于该地区岩质成片输花岗质片麻岩，且土层较薄，地势陡峭，一旦森林覆盖率下降，水土流失状况有趋向严重的可能性，因此必须做好水土保持工作。评价区域的***上游支流河段水体的水质状况良好，该***上游支流河段中未见珍稀鱼类和大型水生植物。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 1.1区域环境质量现状评价本评价采用***环境监测中心站2005年6月的现状监测结果，对评价区域内的环境空气和声环境质量现状进行评价。1.1.1区域环境空气质量现状评价（1）监测点布设本评价在评价范围内万涧村布设一个监测点。其具体位置详见图5-9。。（2）监测项目依据区域的环境状况和GB3095-1996《环境空气质量标准》，选取SO2、NO2、TSP作为监测项目。（3）监测时间2005年6月19～23日连续采样5天。（4）采样方法监测按GB3095-1996中有关规范进行，TSP每天采样时间不少于12h；SO2、NO2等2项参数每天采样时间不少于18h；SO2、NO2等2项参数每小时至少有45分钟采样时间。同步测量地面风向、风速、气温、气压等气象资料。（5）评价标准依据***风景名胜区空气环境质量要求及***环保局的标准确认函，确定风景区环境空气质量执行GB3095-1996《环境空气质量标准》中一级标准，标准值见表5-9。表5-9环境空气质量评价标准值mg/Nm3污染物标准值名称取值时间SO2NO2TSP1小时平均0.150.12/日平均0.050.080.12年平均0.020.040.08（5）监测结果统计将该监测点的监测结果统计列于表5-10，统计结果见表5-11。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 表5-10评价区域环境空气质量监测结果统计表单位：mg/m3监测项目采样时间SO2NO2TSP2005年6月19日08∶00～09∶000.0100.018/11∶00～12∶000.0090.017/14∶00～15∶000.0040.017/17∶00～18∶000.0110.016/日均值0.0040.0150.1022005年6月20日08∶00～09∶000.0090.020/11∶00～12∶000.0080.018/14∶00～15∶000.0040.016/17∶00～18∶000.0070.017/日均值0.0040.0180.0792005年6月21日08∶00～09∶000.0090.016/11∶00～12∶000.0070.020/14∶00～15∶00<0.0070.019/17∶00～18∶000.0080.017/日均值0.0040.0180.0932005年6月22日08∶00～09∶000.0140.019/11∶00～12∶000.0080.019/14∶00～15∶000.0040.015/17∶00～18∶000.0090.016/日均值0.0040.0170.1072005年6月23日08∶00～09∶000.0100.013/11∶00～12∶000.0090.015/14∶00～15∶000.0080.013/17∶00～18∶000.0080.017/日均值0.0040.0170.063表5-11评价区域环境空气质量监测结果统计表监测项目1小时平均浓度日平均浓度范围(mg/Nm3)超标率(%)范围(mg/Nm3)超标率(%)SO20.004～0.01400.0040NO20.013～0.02000.015～0.0180TSP//0.063～0.1070theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 （6）现状评价由表5-11监测结果统计可以看出，评价区域的SO2和NO2浓度无论1小时平均值，还是日平均值均低于相应标准浓度限值，TSP日平均值低于相应标准浓度限值，评价区域环境空气质量符合GB3095-1996《环境空气质量标准》中一级标准限值。因此，区域环境空气质量现状良好。1.1.1区域环境噪声现状评价（1）监测布点在千丈崖（1#）、干河（2#）和龙潭乡（3#）共布设3个监测点，监测点位置见图5-9。（2）评价标准依据***风景名胜区声环境质量要求及***环境保护局下达的标准确认函，确定评价区域环境噪声执行GB3096-93《城市区域环境噪声标准》中1类标准，其噪声标准值见表5-12。表5-12声环境质量评价标准值LAeq：dB噪声类别标准类别昼间夜间环境噪声《城市区域环境噪声标准》（GB3096-93）1类5545（3）监测结果及分析评价将监测点的环境噪声监测值昼间连续等效A声级列于表5-13。表5-13评价区域环境噪声监测值LAeq：dB监测时段测点位置6月22日6月23日昼间夜间昼间夜间环境噪声千丈崖1＃51.541.750.241.5干河2＃50.143.549.743.6龙潭乡3＃42.439.442.638.9由表5-13可以看出，评价区域环境噪声监测值均低于GB3096-93《城市区域环境噪声标准》中1类标准值，评价区域声环境质量现状良好。1.2环境现状评价结论1.2.1景观环境现状评价结论主峰景区具有珍稀濒危植物构成的景观及石景景观，经现场调查，这些珍贵的景观资源距离项目施工区域均较远，不会受到直接的破坏，该项目建设也不会影响其景观效果。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 项目用地范围内没有珍贵景观和文物古迹，主要景观特点为森林覆盖率较高，环境尚佳，符合***风景区特色，属***风景名胜资源分级保护的二级严格保护区，景观类别为重点保护区，凡与风景旅游无关的建设项目一律不得在本区兴建，可建设供观光的交通设施项目。1.1.1区域生态环境现状评价结论项目拟建区域景观生态体系的生产能力较强，为846.66g/（m2·a），具有受到破坏以后的恢复能力，且具有一定的阻抗能力。因此，该区域的生态完整性基本符合该自然体系应具有的能力级别，属于良好等级。该区域水土流失并不严重，大部分评价区域的土壤侵蚀强度属于微度、轻度侵蚀区，但由于评价区域内地势起伏较大，土层较薄，一旦地表植被受到破坏，土壤侵蚀强度向严重发展的可能性较大。因此必须做好水土保持工作。各地表水体均源于山涧溪流，人为污染因素较少，且自净能力强，监测结果表明，地表水质良好。该***上游支流河段中未见珍稀鱼类和大型水生植物。1.1.2区域环境质量现状评价结论现状监测结果表明，评价区域内的环境空气和声环境质量状况良好。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 环境影响预测及评价1.1旅游环境容量分析1.1.1旅游环境容量测算（1）日容量测算根据风景区的景区划分、景点景观分布和游览线路特点，选择完全游道法进行测算。公式为：C日＝（M/m）×（H/t）式中：C日――日环境容量（人次）M――游道全长（米）m――客人量指标（米/人）H――每天可游览时间（分）t――游客景点或游道所需时间G日＝（t/T）×C日式中：G日――日游客量（人次）T――游客游览最舒适合理时间（分）t、C日――同上利用上述公式，在分析确定各项测算指标后，计算出风景区日环境容量和日游客容量，见表6-1。表6-1日环境容量和日游客容量测算结果景区测算指标测算结果MmHtTC日G日主峰景区10800454018024081006075三祖寺景区142004540180300106506390***景区132004540180300117007020虎头崖景区144004540180300108006480马祖庵景区6400454018030048002880合计4605028845根据测算结果，得出风景区日环境容量和日游客容量分别为46050人次和28845人次。（2）年容量测算根据日环境容量和日游客容量测算结果，对年环境容量和游客容量进行测算。公式如下：theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 C年＝T×P×C日×10000G年＝T×P×G日×10000式中：C年（G年）――年环境（游客）容量（万人次）C日（G日）――日环境（游客）容量（人次）T――年可游览天数P――容量比例利用上述公式，在分析确定各项测算指标后，计算出风景区日环境容量和日游客容量，见表6-2。表6-2年环境容量和游客容量测算结果测算指标测算结果备注游览时间容量比例（P）C年G年季节月份天数1、月份代号示例；3－全月天数；⑶－当月节假日（双休日）除外的天数；③－当月节假日（双休日）天数。2、节日天数：春节、“五一”节、“国庆”节按7天计。3、双休日天数：月大按9天计，月小（平）按8天计。旺季4、5、10、11②、③、⑥、⑧、⑨16980％622.6390.0平季⑶、⑹、⑦、⑻、⑼9750％223.3140.0淡季1、⑵、⑺、129910％45.628.35合计365891.5558.5从以上测算可以看出，***风景区的环境容量和游客容量均有很大的发展空间，按照合理开发、永续利用的原则，从生态保护角度出发，年游客量需控制在300万人次，进入主峰景区的游客量需控制在90万人次。1.1.1容量分析***1990～2004年游客人数分析见表6-3。表6-31990～2004年***游客人数统计结果年份19901992199419961998200020022004游客总量（万人次）15.219.22537.2457070.985其中：进入主峰景区（万人次）3.34.24.76812.616.221佛教香客（万人次）10.412.917.727.8294138.141.7境外游客（人次）1783165248422752325742604474theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 经综合分析***风景区（包括主峰景区）的多年游客人数变化情况、及客源市场潜力，2010年之前，主峰景区的远期客流量是可以控制在90万人次以内的，并且，只要做好景区管理、合理分流客流，目前景区的开发程度尚不会对主峰景区造成生态以及景观的破坏。经现场勘察，在观看天柱峰、天柱松等景点时，区域环境容量很小，即使对于主峰景区的精华景观地段，随着游客增加，会造成瞬时压力，给主峰景区如果不能从***风景区整体旅游战略协调好北线和南线两个旅游线路的关系，就有可能造成1.1施工期环境影响评价1.1.1工程施工对景观环境的影响分析工程施工对局部地形、植被的破坏，必将在短期内对区域的景观环境产生不利影响，建设项目施工期对景观环境的影响主要表现在以下几个方面：（1）项目选址充分考虑了景观资源的特殊性，避免造成景观资源的破坏。项目建设所在区域尚未发现重要景观，索道建设避开了千丈崖及周边景观，且在皖涧竹海的边缘，步道路线即为原有山间小路，经拓宽后修建，可减少因植被破坏而形成不良景观影响。（2）由于工程建设活动在景观影响敏感区域实施，工程施工对局部地形、植被的破坏，将破坏拟建场地原有的山区森林环境的特色，影响游客对拟建场地原有良好的视觉效果。项目材料运输及施工路线从干河开始，就避免了对主峰景区景观环境的破坏，另外，目前***景区基本未开发，游人稀少，因此，不会影响景观的观赏性，对***风景名胜区的旅游不会产生不利影响。（3）工程施工的山体开挖、场地平整等工程需取弃土，该项目大门及索道上下站施工可实现土方平衡，步道需取土3000m3，施工期临时取弃土石方的存在，若不及时有效地处置，将严重地影响区域的景观环境，而且工程施工时的飞灰扬尘，下雨时未完工路面及临时弃土石场的水土流失，将使区域的景观环境更加恶劣。对此，建设单位和施工单位应予以充分重视，采取及时有效的措施加以防治，并规范施工，杜绝上述现象发生。（4）工程施工造成的局部水土流失现象，将可能使***上游支流河道淤塞、水质混浊，从而影响***下游饮用水水质。综上所述，工程施工对景观环境将产生不利影响，建设单位和施工单位应采取及时有效的防治措施，将不利影响控制在最低限度。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 1.1.1工程施工期对自然环境的影响（1）对地质地貌的影响①引起微地貌的变化工程建设时开山炸石，削坡整平，都将直接改变山体的微地貌形态。据测算，受破坏的山体面积约有14878m2，总开挖土石方量约1662m3。索道各站址、支架点所在地的破坏程度，主要决定于该处原来微地貌形态特点、风化层和洪积层厚度以及施工面积大小。索道沿线破坏山体最严重的是上站址。下站址（即驱动站）所在地为遗弃的农舍，基岩面的坡度平缓，覆盖其上的坡、洪积物较厚，削坡整平和开挖的面积约550m2，开挖量约96m3；上站址（即迂回站）因选址较为困难，所选站址需适当开山夷平，占地面积控制在380m2以内，需开挖的土石方量约为81m3。步道需拓宽，也会破坏局部区域的山体微地貌，面积约5300m2，总开挖土石方量1200m3。②导致岩石强度减弱工程施工区域未发现大的断裂带，施工时的爆破震动，将会使局部区域节理构造不完善的花岗岩基岩各种裂隙扩大，导致岩石松动，强度减弱，同时，坡面上堆积物被剥离，微地形的变化，进一步加强了流水侵蚀、片状剥落、冻融冰劈和矿物水解等外营力的作用，将使岩石强度进一步减弱，尤其增加了索道工程上的隐患。该项目爆破工程量不多，仅在上站及步道的个别路段爆破，因占地不多，所需爆破强度不大，可极大减轻对评价区域岩石强度的影响。③水土流失工程施工对区域水土流失的影响主要表现在以下两个方面：a.工程施工时林地的采伐，改变了施工区域植被分布状况和地表性质，进而改变了雨水落地强度，增加了雨水对地表的直接冲击，而地表则以裸露的表土直接接受雨水的冲刷、侵蚀，这必将增加区域的土壤流失量，加剧局部区域水土流失现象。b.工程场地平整时，山体开挖和盆地填平，改变了施工区域的微地形，加大了地面坡度，使施工区域成为新的水土流失发生源，加剧局部区域水土流失现象。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 因此，项目建设单位和设计单位应采取相应措施以防治施工期的水土流失现象。水土流失防治措施分为工程措施和植被措施，并以工程措施为先导，植被措施为后行，合理安排施工时间，使水土流失防治措施行之有效，将施工期的水土流失现象控制在最小限度。（2）对植物和动物的影响①植被受到破坏项目施工的范围不是很大，虽不会引起明显的生态失调现象，但在施工期间仍会导致局部区域生物量的减少。据调查，项目施工区域没有珍稀名贵植物的记载。索道及步道通过地段，自然植被生长良好，覆盖度一般在80%以上。毛竹林和松杉林十分茂密。施工期间因基坑开挖、弃土掩埋和爆破炸石、索道拖架等，形成长约1600m、宽约5m的施工便道（需工程施工过程中严加控制），根据以往的经验，在索道施工路线两侧宽约50m的区域，植被将受到不同程度的破坏，此72000m2的范围为施工间接影响区域。在步道建设中植被也受到不同程度的破坏，在全部工程建设中，据测算植被受到较严重破坏的有11908m2，其中因建筑物和步道占用以及因破坏过于严重，而植被不可恢复的面积有6520m2，占54.8%，可恢复的有5388m2，占45.2%。施工期间对植被的破坏虽不会引起明显的生态失调现象，在施工结束后可通过蕨类、草木植物，逐渐过渡到灌丛，最后被乔木林所代替。但在这恢复阶段，对环境的明显影响是会引起水土流失。尤其是碎石、弃土堆放在陡坡上，遇上雨季雨水充足时，引起滑坡，将造成更大面积植被的破坏，山体裸露。②引起动物迁移***动物资源丰富，但相对而言，在索道及步道工程沿线的动物种类和数量均较贫乏，特别是很少发现大型珍奇鸟兽在此活动。施工期间，爆破、砍伐、挖掘、搬运等人为活动，必将对原栖息的动物产生较大干扰，引起较多的鸟类和大型兽类迁徙。在这些鸟类中如杜鹃、山雀和啄木鸟等为食虫益鸟。由于它们的减少可能导致松毛虫等害虫的剧增蔓延，给森林资源造成危害。1.1.1施工期对环境质量的影响（1）施工期对水体的影响工程施工造成局部水土流失，有可能使***上游支流水体浑浊乃至淤塞，影响区域地表径流的原有状况，若施工不当，甚至会出现***上游支流断流的现象，对此施工单位应予以充分重视，严禁此类现象发生。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 工程施工场地生活废水在施工人员高峰期时排放量很大，另外施工时砂石料冲洗、混凝土搅拌和养护产生的生产废水，含较高浓度的悬浮物，若直接排入水体将会给地表水质产生不利影响，增加水体浊度。因此，建设单位和施工单位应将施工人员生活区集中在一起，并采取相应的措施对施工废水进行处理，如设置一临时沉淀池（多级沉淀）对施工废水进行沉淀处理，减轻施工废水对***上游支流产生的不利影响。（2）施工期噪声的影响工程施工阶段的主要噪声源为各类施工机械的设备噪声及施工初期阶段的山石爆破噪声。建设项目施工期噪声标准采用GB12523-90《建筑施工场界噪声限值》。标准值见表6-4。表6-4建筑施工场界噪声限值施工阶段主要噪声源噪声限值dB(A)昼间夜间土石方推土机、挖掘机、装卸机等7555打桩各种打桩机等85禁止施工结构工程混凝土搅拌机、振捣棒、电锯等7055装修吊车、升降机等6555参考表6-4建筑施工场界噪声限值，计算出不同施工阶段的施工机械对环境噪声影响范围，列于表6-5。并类比调查山石爆破噪声影响范围，列于表6-6。表6-5施工噪声影响范围施工阶段主要噪声源影响范围(m)昼间夜间土石方推土机、挖掘机等22.3223打桩各种打桩机等17.7禁止施工结构工程混凝土搅拌机等31.5117装修吊车、升降机等35.4112表6-6山石爆破噪声影响范围距离(m)7.55010020040080016003200噪声级 [dB(A)]1451301189685745742由于评价区域居民很少，大门及上下站址附近200mtheirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 范围内均没有居民。因此工程施工对环境噪声影响的范围有限，且是短期的、可逆的，一旦施工活动结束，施工噪声将随之消失。只要在工程施工期采取噪声防治措施，将施工期噪声影响降低到最小限度，施工期噪声影响还是可以接受的。（3）施工期废气的影响工程施工时的岩石爆破、物料生产和装运、堆场扬尘和路面扬尘将是施工期的主要污染源，主要大气污染物为扬尘，其扬尘的大部分颗粒较粗大，沉降速度较快，因而污染物的扩散速度很慢，所以施工扬尘往往扩散不远，多数在较近距离就已沉降到地面，影响范围有限，多集中表现在施工区域。同时施工区域四周均为山区林场，有净化环境空气的功能，且附近居民均较远，因此施工扬尘对周围环境的影响是很局限的。总之，在施工期产生的扬尘污染对环境的影响是难以避免的，但其影响性质是短期的和可逆的，且影响范围有限，只要加强管理，采用一定的防治措施，施工期工程对环境空气的影响完全可以控制到最小程度，为施工区域环境空气所承受。（4）施工期固体废弃物的影响固体废弃物主要是施工过程开挖的土石方和施工生活区的垃圾和粪便。挖出的土石方尽量按设计要求实现回填，避免污染环境、破坏景观。（5）对土壤理化性质的影响分析项目建设使山场林地、草地被砍伐后，地表裸露，即使没有被冲刷，表土温度变幅增加，对土壤的理化性质有不利影响。其中，最明显的变化是有机质分解作用加强，使土壤内有机质含量降低，不利于重新栽培其它植物。另外，由于施工破坏和机械挖运，使土壤富集过程受阻，表现在下述方面：①林草残落物积累阻断。评价区土壤肥力的维持是生物富集的结果，原有林草大量的生物残体提供了土壤物质循环与养分富集的基础，而施工和挖运，阻断了富集途径。②影响了生物对灰分元素的吸收与富集。评价区由于每年积聚的生物残体数量大，所以生物对灰分元素的吸收与积累十分明显，若以一亩地凋落物225kg计，则每年每亩吸收的灰分元素达38kg，相当于N20.26kg，P2O50.34kg，K2O50.15kg。所以该评价区林草地条件下，通过生物吸收使营养元素重新回到土壤中的“生物自肥”作用十分强烈，而施工砍伐了林木和灌草，“生物自肥”途径也被阻断。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 ③阻断了生物与土壤间的物质交换。土壤理化性质的变化，直接影响到植被的重新恢复，因此要求在施工中注意尽量维护土壤现状，使开垦和保护土壤相结合。综上所述，项目的建设将会对施工区域的土壤理化性质产生一定的影响，但由于施工区域面积仅占评价区的0.06%，这不足以对评价区域的土壤理化性质产生的影响，不会使区域土壤理化性质恶化。1.1景观环境影响预测及评价项目建成后，因工程施工而遭到破坏的地形、植被的防护工程、恢复工程以及绿化工程同时竣工，消除了因工程施工对区域景观环境的不利影响。建设项目在营运期对景观环境产生直接影响仅局限于局部空间区域，其影响主要表现在：①对区域景观、景物的防护及观赏性的影响；②项目的形态指标、线形指标、色彩指标、质感指标与区域风景资源背景之间景观相融性变化的影响。（1）对区域景观、景物的影响评价区域层峦叠嶂，从主峰至***景区的游览路线，在进入索道上站前的景观视觉范围内，看不到索道、步道及景区大门，因此，该项目建设不会对主峰景区的景观产生不利影响。当***景区开发后，游客从***风景名胜区北门进入游览，一个主要的可视景点为皖涧竹海，项目建设、主要是索道和步道建设会对局部区域的竹海景观的观赏性产生影响。图5-5表明建设项目与景观资源的相对位置。在***（皖水龙潭至杜埠段）上可远眺天柱峰，但不会看到索道及步道，因此，景观评价将结合皖涧竹海这一整体进行，项目的不利方面在于，从北门进入游览的视觉效果上看，会破坏竹海景观的连续性和整体性；因为皖涧竹海的面积较大，约5平方公里，项目位于竹海的西南侧，因此，会在一定范围内产生不利影响，项目在选择索道吊箱时应选择具美观效果的箱体。（2）景观相融性评价评价区域四周均是山场林地，主要有松树林、杉木林、毛竹林等，林相整齐，森林环境佳。项目造型设计充分结合地形，根据场地走势，工程施工临时破坏的地形、植被尽量恢复原状，通过对***一索、二索的现场调查，索道施工完成后，对施工便道植被尽量恢复，因索道日常检查仅留下人工便道，在高大树木的掩映下，几乎看不见。可参见图6-1。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 吊箱设计应具特色，墨绿色可避免产生视觉冲击，设计时应考虑将吊箱作为景观的一部分来设计、而不仅仅是一种交通工具，可取得较好的效果；步道两侧种植高大常绿树木，使其掩映在绿荫之中。索道建成后的形态、线形等景观相容性评价指标可类比***一索、二索建成后的观感，现以北线进山公路为游赏观景路线，以索道下站为视觉起点，对项目建设后与区域风景资源背景之间的景观相融性采用记分法进行评价，并对建设项目景观指标允许度进行评价。景观相融性评价分级标准及景观指标允许度分级见表6-7～6-9（采用HJ/T6-94《山岳型风景资源开发环境影响评价指标体系》中的景观指标分级标准）。表6-7景观相融性评价记分表景观相融性评价指标最高记分指标分解形态40体量：25；体态：15线形30近景：15；中景：10；远景：5色彩20色相：10；明度：10质感10合计100表6-8景观相融性评价分级标准表评价分级4（劣）3（可）2（中）1（优）记分范围<6060~7575~90>90表6-9景观指标允许度评价分级标准评价允许度分级景观类别4(劣)(不协调)3(可)(一般)2(中)(协调)1(优)(增景)特别保护区不可不可可考虑可重点保护区不可可考虑可可一般保护区不可可可可保护控制区可考虑可可可对项目建设后与区域风景资源背景之间景观相融性进行记分预测，列于表6-10。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 表6-10项目建设后景观相融性评价表评价指标形态线形色彩质感合计评价分级评分3015146653（可）由表6-10可以看出，项目建成后，其景观相融性评分为3级（可），这是根据项目建设形式及地形形态等多方面综合考虑得出的，考虑到项目建成后，其景观相融性评价分级为3级，观赏位置位于***景区，项目对主峰景区景观影响很小，主要是对***景区的景观影响，而***景区的景观类别为一般保护区，参照表6-9，从区域景观指标考虑，建设项目是可行的。1.1运营期生态环境影响预测及评价建设项目对区域生态环境影响，主要表现在以下三个方面：（1）通过对施工区域地形、植被的破坏，改变了评价区的土地利用格局，进而影响评价区自然体系的生态完整性；（2）对岩石强度的影响；（3）对水土流失的影响；（4）对水体和土壤理化性质的影响。而且，在建设项目施工期和营运期，不同建设阶段生态影响的程度和范围各不相同。1.1.1对区域自然体系生态完整性影响的预测项目占地14878m2，约占评价区域总面积的0.06%，项目的建设使评价区域内的生产能力和稳定状况发生轻微改变。评价区域自然体系的核心是生物，尤其是植被。生物有适应环境变化的功能，生物的适应性是其细胞——个体——种群在一定环境条件下的演化过程逐渐发展起来的生物学特性，是生物与环境相互作用的结果。由于生物有生产的能力，可以为受到干扰的自然体系提供修补的功能。因此，才能维持自然体系的生态平衡。但是，当人类干扰过多，超过了生物的修补（调节）能力时，该自然体系将失去维持平衡的能力，由较高的自然体系等级衰退为较低级别的自然体系。可见，本评价主要是对评价区域内自然体系能力降低情况进行预测，并与生产能力相当的北方针叶林进行分析比较。（1）评价区域内自然体系生产能力变化情况项目施工造成的植被破坏成线形发展，相对于评价区域24.05km2来说比较小，植被类型变化不大，占用植被及恢复的实物指标列于表6-11。表6-11评价区域生物量变化情况theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 占用植被类型面积(m2)平均净生产力[g/(m2·a)]生物量变化(t/a)松杉树775010007.75毛竹41588003.33合计11.08评价区域平均生物量变化量[g/(m2·a)]0.46预测项目建设后评价区自然体系的生产能力[g/(m2·a)]846.2表6-11中数据显示，项目施工和营运后使评价区内自然体系的平均生产能力由现状的846.66g/(m2·a)，降低为846.2g/(m2·a)，平均净减少0.46g/(m2·a)，变化较小，仍然处在较高的生产能力水平（仍高于相当区域北方针叶林的自然体系生产能力），自然体系等级没有衰退。因此，工程对自然体系生产能力的影响是评价区内自然体系可以承受的。（2）评价区内自然体系的稳定状况自然体系的稳定和不稳定是对立统一的。由于各种生态因素的变化，自然体系处于一种波动平衡状态。当这种波动平衡被打乱时，自然体系具有不稳定性。自然体系的稳定性包括两种特征，即阻抗和恢复，也是系统对干扰的反应。阻抗是系统在环境变化或潜在干扰时反抗或阻止变化的能力，它是偏离值的倒数，大的偏离值意味着阻抗低。恢复（或反弹）是系统被改变后返回原来状况的能力。因此，工程项目对自然体系稳定状况的影响要从恢复稳定性和阻抗稳定性两个方面来度量。对自然体系恢复稳定性的度量，是采用对植被生物量进行度量的方法进行的。由于前节评价中已得出如下数据，工程项目的实施使区域自然体系的生物量减少了11.08t，平均生产力降低了0.46g/(m2·a)，平均净生产能力仍维持在846.2g/(m2·a)。因此，对自然体系恢复稳定性影响不大，是评价区域内自然体系可以承受的。对自然体系阻抗稳定性的度量，是通过对植被异质性程度的改变来度量的。异质性是指一个区域里（景观或生态系统）对一个种群或更高级的生物组织的存在起决定作用的资源（或某种性状）在空间或时间上的变异程度（或强度）。由于异质性的组分具有不同的生态位，给动物物种和植物物种的栖息、移动以及抵御内外干扰提供了复杂和微妙的相应利用关系。因此，异质性的变化是我们就项目对评价区自然体系生态影响评价的又一核心问题。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 项目占地14878m2，占评价区面积的0.06%，项目建设占用植被11908m2，仅占评价区面积的0.05%，其余占评价区面积78.25%的植被没有发生变化，仍可维持现状，而这78.25%面积上的植被正是该区域具有动态控制能力的组分。因此，项目实施对区域自然体系中模地组分的自身异质化程度影响不大。（3）评价区域内景观生态体系综合分析工程项目施工和营运使土地利用现状发生改变。工程项目建设后评价区域土地利用格局见图6-2和表6-12。表6-12工程项目建设后评价区土地利用格局拼块类型数目(块)面积(km2)林地718.82灌丛草地71.85农田51.33水域10.05各种建筑物及道路140.43石景（即山石裸地）71.57合计4124.05根据优势度值的计算模式，工程建设后的土地类型优势度值计算结果见表6-13。表6-13用地变化后各拼块优势度值拼块类型Rd(%)Rf(%)Lp(%)DO(%)林地17.0781.678.2563.79灌丛草地17.079.137.6910.40农田12.206.775.537.51水域2.4412.390.213.81各种建筑物、道路34.1513.781.7012.83石景（即山石裸地）17.079.316.539.86表6-13的数据表明，项目建设后土地利用格局发生了变化，其中各种建筑物和道路拼块的优势度值由11.12%上升到12.83%，林地的优势度值由64.18%下降到63.79%，前者是对生态环境有负面影响的组分，但优势度值上升不多，而林地的模地地位没有动摇。这表明工程项目实施对评价区域自然体系的质量没有大的影响，是评价区域自然体系可以承受的。1.1.1水土流失的影响分析theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 施工结束，项目进入正常运营期后，意味着对地质地貌不再产生破坏作用，但已经产生的不良后果仍将继续起作用，水土流失就是很明显的一种。***降水丰富(历年平均降水最高达1900毫米)，且多暴雨，索道沿线又大都是地形较陡，片麻岩又易于侵蚀，故存在着引起水土流失的水文气象要素和地质、地貌因素。项目建设前自然植被覆盖率高，水土流失未能发展。但索道、步道建设时，在施工场地和运输便道的植被均要受到严重破坏，山坡上缺乏植被保护，上述水土流失的潜在因素，很快即成为导致水土流失的现实因素，特别是因索道支架、附属设施和步道建设被开挖的山坡面积近14878m2，而开挖出的土石近1662m3，将为水土流失提供直接的物质来源。水土流失将因此而有明显的发展，在雨季，堆弃在山坡上的大量土石已开始向下流泻，径直流入溪流。一些支架点开挖槽时产生的弃土也开始向下流失。施工结束后，随着时间推移，植被逐步恢复，土壤开始固结，水土流失也逐渐减轻，以致恢复到原来状态，但要经历一个过程，根据前两个索道建设的经验，在4～5年时间内，堆积在陡坡处的土石随时都可能因暴雨产生崩塌、泻溜等现象。在基岩破碎的边坡，因大量弃土和石渣堆积，荷载量增加，加之爆破等震动影响，稳定性减弱，可能产生滑坡现象。1.1.1对动物的影响分析项目开始运营后，随着自然植被的恢复，施工时的人为干扰消失，一部分外迁动物又会回归到原地，特别是一些小型动物会较快的在索道沿线重新出现。但对某些大型动物仍将有一定干扰作用。***较大型禽兽种类和数量均较丰富，由于体型较大，易于暴露，主要分布在后山景区的森林中。该地带或者是由于林木茂密，植被类型多样复杂，食物丰富；或是由于地形险峻，人迹罕至，受干扰较小。因为离索道工程地较远，施工期一般不直接造成多大影响，施工结束后，工地影响已不存在。但是在缺乏食物的寒冬季节，不排除会有少数大型动物闯入本区觅食，而在索道建成后，由于游客数量增加，缆车在空中运动的噪声干扰等，会使到此的大型动物进一步减少。1.1.2对地表水环境的影响分析theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 项目运营后水土流失不可能很快消失，水体只有在植被完全恢复后才能达到原来的清沏程度。施工场地生活污水不再产生，但由于游客增加将排放出更多的污水。为保证山间溪流不致受生活污水的影响，接待设施应统一建在龙潭乡，避免使***上游支流水体水质受到污染。1.1环境影响预测及评价结论1.1.1施工期环境影响评价结论（1）工程施工对景观环境将产生不利影响，建设单位和施工单位应采取及时有效的防治措施，将不利影响控制在最低限度。（2）工程施工会破坏局部区域的山体微地貌，爆破强度大还会导致岩石强度减弱，并造成施工区域的水土流失现象，因项目施工强度不是很大，可采取相应措施将这些不利影响降低到最低限度；项目建设会使11908m2的植被受到较严重破坏，引起较多的鸟类和大型兽类迁徙。（3）项目施工期间会对评价区域的空气、地表水、声环境产生一定的不利影响，但这些不利影响是短期的，可逆的，在工程施工过程中可通过采取一系列的防护措施将这些不利影响降低到最低限度。（4）项目的建设将会对施工区域的土壤理化性质产生一定的影响，但由于施工区域面积仅占评价区的0.06%，这不足以对评价区域的土壤理化性质产生的影响，不会使区域土壤理化性质恶化。1.1.2景观环境影响预测及评价结论项目建成后，其景观相融性评价分级为3级，受项目影响较大的是***景区，而***景区的景观类别为一般保护区，从区域景观指标考虑，建设项目是可行的。1.1.3运营期环境影响预测及评价结论（1）项目施工和营运后使评价区内自然体系的平均生产能力由现状的846.66g/(m2·a)，降低为846.2g/(m2·a)，平均净减少0.46g/(m2·a)，变化较小，仍然处在较高的生产能力水平，自然体系等级没有衰退。因此，工程对自然体系生产能力的影响是评价区内自然体系可以承受的。78.25%面积上的松杉、竹林是该区域具有动态控制能力的组分，林地的模地地位没有动摇、项目实施对区域自然体系中模地组分的自身异质化程度影响不大，是评价区域自然体系可以承受的。（2）水土流失现象在项目施工结束后的4～5年内可能仍会较严重，随着植被的逐渐恢复，这种不利影响可逐渐减弱，最终恢复到建设前的天然水平。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 （3）项目开始运营后，随着自然植被的恢复，施工时的人为干扰消失，一部分外迁动物又会回归到原地，但对某些大型动物仍将有一定干扰作用。（4）项目运营后水土流失不可能很快消失，水体只有在植被完全恢复后才能达到原来的清沏程度。施工场地生活污水不再产生，但由于游客增加将排放出更多的污水。为保证山间溪流不致受生活污水的影响，接待设施应统一建在龙潭乡，避免使***上游支流水体水质受到污染。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 建设项目的生态影响1.1建设项目生态影响特征项目的建设属于以自然资源的开发利用为目的的建设项目，该项目的影响是以土地利用格局改变和一定数量的植被损耗、局部区域景观格局改变以及带来短时期的水土流失为基本特征。由于土地利用格局的改变，区域自然体系的生态完整性将受到影响，即生产能力降低和稳定状况受到影响；由于砍伐一定数量的植被，区域自然体系生物量也要受到影响；人工设施的加入改变了自然景观的整体性和连续性；由于短时期加重了局部地区的水土流失，将造成局部土壤资源处于不平衡状况。1.2生态影响的范围、程度和性质1.2.1生态影响的范围项目生态影响范围包括占地范围、直接影响范围和间接影响范围三个部分。（1）占地范围项目占地以山场林地为主，其中工程永久性占地8978m2，施工占地面积约5900m2，合计约14878m2。（2）直接影响范围直接影响的范围是索道、步道、大门等工程所经过的区域，由于项目的建设，直接阻断了区域内物种的移动，直接影响区域面积包括工程永久性占地及施工占地影响区域，合计约14878m2，见表7-1。表7-1工程直接影响区域影响类型面积（m2）永久占地8978临时占地5900合计14878（3）间接影响范围由于项目施工和建设改变了土地利用现状和植被的连通现状，对评价区域的整体自然景观也将产生一定的影响，因此，间接影响范围是比较大的。间接影响范围可以划定在建设项目空间分布的区域内，即主峰景区和***景区，合计约24.05km2。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 在这个区域内，直接受影响的区域自然组分受干扰较大，调节生态环境质量的能力受到限制，而间接影响区域自然组分受干扰较小，对直接影响区域有缓冲和调节作用。1.1.1生态影响程度和性质（1）工程占地将改变用地的性质，使原有植被消失，原有土地利用性质改变，工程占用植被用地206103m2，工程占地减少生物量情况见表7-2。表7-2　工程占地减少生物量情况占地类型占用原有植被面积(m2)生物量减少(t/a)松杉树77507.75毛竹41583.33合计1190811.08（2）水土流失预测①水土流失面积估算植被破坏导致的水土流失主要发生在施工过程中，根据可研报告建设征用土地数量，可分为以下几个部分：索道施工便道、步道、景区大门、站址场地等。索道施工便道面积约8148m2，步道施工面积约5300m2，景区大门面积约500m2，站址场地面积约930m2，合计：14878m2。②可能造成的水土流失量预测根据工程建设过程中各水土流失分区内水土流失影响因素的变化趋势，据经验估测各因素综合对水土流失量的贡献度，据此计算出各分区水土流失量和新增的水土流失量。计算公式如下：Esi＝Ai×Esg×Mi△Esi＝（Ai-1）×Esg×Mi式中：Esi－分区水土流失量，t/a；△Esi－新增分区水土流失量，t/a；Ai－贡献度，经验值；Esg－土壤侵蚀模数本底值，t/(hm2•a)；Mi－分区面积，m2。根据公式计算出的各分区水土流失量和新增的水土流失量见表7-3。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 表7-3工程水土流失预测结果项目名称现状水土流失量（t/[hm2•a]）分区面积（m2）原生水土流失量（t/a）贡献度分区水土流失量（t/a）新增分区水土流失量（t/a）索道施工便道681484.89944.0139.12步道53003.181031.828.62景区大门5000.3041.20.9站址场地9300.5663.362.8合计148788.93/80.3771.44由表7-3可以看出，工程施工期拟建场区的进厂及上坝道路、施工场地、临时渣场、生产生活管理区及附属设施等的土壤侵蚀程度属强度侵蚀，拟建场区施工期水土流失现象严重，土壤侵蚀量达80.37t/a，新增71.44t/a。施工期计算结果是没有采取防护措施的情况下发生的水土流失量。在施工结束后，通过采取防护措施，水土流失量会减少。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 社会环境影响评价1.1社会环境现状调查（1）评价区内社会结构、经济结构情况评价区域内主要包括龙潭乡的万涧、森华、龙潭三村，总人口5220人，区域内社会经济结构主要是以林业为主的第一产业，乡镇企业和服务业也有所发展，随着旅游业的发展，经济发展权重排序为限营第一产业、禁营第二产业、适度发展第三产业。表8-1列出了龙潭乡2001～2002年社会经济发展情况。表8-1龙潭乡社会经济发展情况一览表年份人口（人）人均财政收入（元）财政收入（万元）乡企收入（万元）人均乡企收入（元）农业人均总值（元）2001745270.995.144809645312222002742673.999.52529071241318（2）评价区内的用地规划指标***景区内用地规划见表8-2。表8-2规划用地指标一览表序号用地名称现状规划面积（km2）所占比例（％）面积（km2）所占比例（％）1风景游赏用地14.2385.714.4887.22游览设施用地0.221.30.251.53居民社会用地0.332.00.362.24交通工程用地0.130.80.171.05林地0.955.70.633.86园地0.231.40.171.07耕地0.291.70.321.98水域0.231.40.231.49合计16.6110016.61100（3）评价区内旅游资源及开发利用情况theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 按照《***风景名胜区***景区重点地段详细规划》（2000年5月）的规划设想，景区功能结构包括一个接待基地、十一个景点、一条漂流线及一条索道。并在2001～2003年期间投资2200多万元修通了茶庄至万涧的环山公路及铺油工程，供水、供电、管理用房、大门广场等工程设施也进行了修建，但由于受“非典”以及资金严重缺乏的影响，景区基础设施建设一直比较滞后，***景区开发缓慢。（4）客流现状及规划预计情况。主峰景区及***景区的客流现状及规划预测情况见表8-3。表8-3客流现状及规划预测情况年份客流量现状（万人次）年份客流量预测（万人次）主峰景区***景区主峰景区***景区200020120062572001180.920072882002170.8520083192003120.6200934102004211.05201038121.1社会环境影响分析***旅游资源的开发对当地农民以及潜山全县社会经济均具有积极的促进作用，现从***旅游业对潜山全县经济的贡献、农民脱贫致富两个方面论述项目建设的社会经济影响。8.2.1项目对潜山全县经济的影响***经过20年来的开发建设，2002年接待国内外游客72万人次，其中进入主峰景区20万人次，实现旅游总收入1.7亿元，旅游经济效益指标在1998年基础上翻三番。旅游总收入占GDP的比重已由1995年的1.5%提升到2001年的8.2%。旅游对三产的牵动不断增强，以旅游为主的第三产业增加值占GDP的比重稳步提升，全县三产业比例由“七五”末的64.2:20:15.8调整为2001年的25:35:40。财政贡献率明显增加。旅游支柱产业地位日趋显现。***景区的开发对于***风景名胜区整体开发战略具有积极作用：一是，根据规划预测在景区开发后***景区可增加客流量约10万人次，二是，目前，***存在一日游的状况，游客在景区停留时间短，留不住客，***景区的开发将形成多条游赏路线，改变游客停留时间短的现状，增加游客停留时间。按照《***风景名胜区基础设施建设项目（一期工程）可行性研究报告》的分析，***风景名胜区年增加游客10万人次，可增加营业收入1561万元/年。8.2.2帮助农民脱贫致富（1）***旅游业对已开发区域山区农民脱贫致富的积极作用theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 旅游业的发展，加速了全县农业结构调整步伐，带动了一批旅游农副商品生产基地的兴建，扩大了具有潜山县地方特色的竹编、柳编、盆景、根雕、木雕、竹雕、石雕、书画纸、水晶工艺品、宗教用品等传统旅游商品的市场规模；促进了茶叶（天柱剑毫、天柱弦月、天柱仙芽）、野葫芦籽、雪湖贡藕、胡萝卜丝、糯米封缸酒、***白酒、***矿泉水、石耳、笋衣、竹笋、山菇、灵芝、厚朴、葛根、葛粉、茯苓、山核桃、板栗、木耳、香菇、小干鱼等土特农产品开发，带动了潜山县旅游工业、旅游农业、旅游贸易的快速发展。***旅游业发展为扶贫做出了直接贡献，提供了山区农民就业机会，促进了农民增收，在已开发区域有以下三个方面的突出表现，可以此预测***景区开发后的社会经济发展状况。①直接为山区农民提供了旅游服务的就业岗位。尤其是在旅游旺季，一大批农户在为旅游服务中脱贫致富，间接带动景区和周边乡镇约18万人口人中受益。据不完全统计，直接投身旅游服务的山区劳动力约在5000人左右，其中茶庄村314户，直接从事旅游服务业达100户，人均旅游单项增收5000元/年以上，旅游和劳务输出占全村总收入约70%，2004年农民人均纯收入2000元，户均存款约1.5万元，由过去的贫困村直接跃为全县“小康村”和“文明村”。风景村495户，1914人，直接从事旅游服务业、运输业达250余人，占全村劳动力、半劳动力的27%，旅游收入160万元，占全村农民总收入的55.7%。2004年该村农民人均纯收入1500元，比1998年人均纯收入900元增长了40%。②为山区农民就地构筑了商品市场，使山区农产品就地转化销售。山区妇女“提篮小卖”就可将农副产品销售，在***风景区和潜河两岸，农村妇女和老人就地设市。而大宗农特产品围绕旅游开发成为旅游商品由过去的滞销、难销变成畅销、热销，如茶叶、板栗、生姜、瓜蒌籽等。农副产品的直接转化销售减少了运输和销售环节，大大提升了农产品价值。③山区农民以本地资源开发旅游商品，“点草成金”、“断竹成金”，增加了收入。如将山中野菜开发了系列性“山珍”，将山上野草编织成草鞋、草帽，将山中竹子开发成儿童玩具“小水桶”、“水冲子”和竹工艺品等，使这些原本一钱不值或价值低微的山货化为滚滚财源。（2）***景区的旅游经济通过***景区开发，可带动***景区内龙潭乡的三个村的旅游相关产业的发展，主要在以下四个方面：theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 ①旅游接待业按照景区规划，在龙潭乡接待基地建设一个美食城，形式为家庭作坊式，并且达到80～100家的集中建设规模，发展具有当地特色的饮食业。②旅游工业以旅游消费对各种加工制成品的商品需求为导向，以现有的手工业为基础，大力发展与旅游业直接相关的食品业、旅游工艺品及其他轻工行业。③旅游农业根据景区自然资源条件，一是发展无公害农业，种植四季蔬菜，利用便利的交通条件，近可为景区的饮食业服务，远可服务安庆、合肥等城市的高档宾馆。二是大力开发名、特、稀、优产品，如野茶、中药材等，并利用现代农业科技成果，达到规模效益。④旅游商品市场在开发景区、景点的同时，配套建设与之相适应的专业旅游市场，如在龙潭镇建设大型竹器及其工艺品交易市场、野茶等土特产交易市场，其信息触及合肥、安庆及周边县城，形成生产、交易和销售的网络格局。通过发展旅游经济，一方面可帮助***景区内的居民脱贫致富，另一方面可通过经济手段来改变景区内以林业为主导产业这一不合理的经济结构状况。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 环境保护措施1.1景观保护措施由于工程征地范围内无珍贵景点，在按照规定的施工线路施工的前提下，工程施工不会对评价范围内景点造成直接的破坏，因此该项目景观保护措施应做到以下两点：（1）索道及构筑物等的建筑风格遵循地方自然生成建筑格调，力求做到造型优美、色彩和谐、空间轮廓线丰富，与自然山体环境相协调，索道与步道设计充分结合地形，根据场地走势，在整体布局上考虑尽量维持原有的自然风貌，仅对工程施工破坏的地形及施工临时占地进行人工修复，并对用地布局进行规划，力求项目与风景资源背景之间景观相融性评价分级达到景观指标要求。对工程征地范围内景点采取必要的防护措施，并尽量维持景点周围原有布置；另外，对于索道建设破坏景观质量的问题，可通过设计加以弥补，因为通过精心设计，索道建设也可增加新的景观，如香港海洋公园索道，鸟笼状缆车一个接一个飘扬在青山碧水之间，悠悠荡荡，成为一道亮丽风景线。（2）工程施工结束后，对征地范围内造成的植被破坏尽快采取必要的恢复及补救措施，并注意林相和谐，对于索道施工区域，破坏什么植被就补救什么植被。1.2施工期环境保护措施采取一系列的生态保护措施以维持评价区域自然体系原有的生态功能。结合拟建项目的工程特点和项目拟建区的生态环境现状，确定在不同建设时期采取以下生态保护措施：（1）保护山场林地；（2）防治水土流失；（3）保护地表径流；（4）保护地表水体水质。1.2.1施工计划安排（1）工程设计应符合《***风景名胜区总体规划调整》的要求；（2）对工程施工进行招标，委托有资质、有经验的工程施工单位进行规范施工，制定合理的施工进度安排，使施工计划有序地进行，并尽量避免该项目的土石方工程在雨季施工。同时，建设单位应加强施工监督管理。1.2.2确定施工区域范围、保护山场林地theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 山场林地是区域景观的背景地域，是景观模地，是区域生态环境质量的控制性组分。因此，保护山场林地，使建设项目对其占用程度和范围尽可能小，有利于维持区域的景观环境和区域自然体系生态完整性。根据项目的整体布局，规定施工区域范围和面积。该项目工程永久占地面积为8978m2，施工临时占地面积为5900m2，确定工程总施工区域面积为14878m2，确定对施工区域范围以外用地，保持原有的自然风貌，不得随意扩大施工区域范围，保护施工间接影响区域72000m2内的植被不被破坏。1.1.1防治水土流失建设项目拟建场地土壤侵蚀强度属微度、轻度侵蚀范围，而项目的建设破坏了原有的地形、植被，使施工区域有可能成为新的水土流失发生源。对此，建设单位和施工单位应采取相应措施以防治水土流失，并可防止施工期景观环境的恶化。（1）对山体开挖面尽量减少花岗岩面裸露时间，应及时补植爬山虎等生命力较强的藤本植物。（2）山体的挖方、填方应尽量平衡，剥离土石方就地消化为填基土石方。在填垫前筑好挡土墙，可防止水土流失，达到土石方的平衡。填方不够部分应从景区外取土。临时取弃土场应选择地势平坦处，压实后有序堆放，并采取必要的护坡措施防止水土流失。（3）对不可再利用的建筑垃圾应及时清理外运，不可在施工区随意堆放。（4）步道两侧护坡及修复工作应与主体工程同时进行。（5）在上下基站的场地平整及建筑地基工程完成后，与主体工程施工同时考虑对临时破坏地形的修复工作，尤其是上基站东侧的护坡工程，采用浆砌片石的工程措施。（6）待项目基本完成后，对工程临时占地采用植草绿化工程进行植被恢复，绿化面积约6000m2，对未破坏的地形尽量保持原有自然风貌。总之，在工程施工阶段按部就班地采取上述一系列防治措施的基础上，可将工程施工期的水土流失现象降低到最小限度，并可防止施工期施工区域景观环境的恶化。同时，可以保证拟建项目建设后不会比建设前增加新的水土流失发生源，土壤侵蚀强度维持在原有的微度、轻度侵蚀范围内。1.1.2保护地表径流水文水质theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 施工区域主要地表径流是***上游支流，项目建设在该支流的发源地，也是该区域汇水交汇处及洪水泄流方向，工程建设应保证原有地表径流的来水及走向，并保证足够安全的洪水频率，对挖方所弃土石方的及时清理，可防止地表径流河道阻塞、水体浑浊，保护区域地表径流的原有状况。工程施工期严禁任何废水以任何形式排入***上游支流，对施工中产生的施工生产废水和施工人员生活污水，设置一临时沉淀池（多级沉淀）进行处理，尽量降低废水对纳污水体地表水环境的影响。1.1.1保护环境空气质量工程施工对环境空气质量的影响主要是扬尘污染，因此，在施工过程中应合理安排好堆场的位置和形状，施工操作时应轻装轻卸，减少起尘量。并在施工现场裸露路面上经常洒水，抑制二次扬尘，避免会给施工区域范围以外的环境空气带来不利影响。1.1.2保护声环境质量工程施工阶段的主要噪声源是各类施工机械的设备噪声及施工初期阶段的山石爆破噪声，建设单位与施工单位应采取相应措施加以防范，将施工期噪声影响降低到最小限度。（1）保证施工机械在施工区域内施工，严禁在施工区域外建立搅拌站、电机房等临时站址；（2）调整同时作业的施工机械数量和施工时间，严禁大型机械如推土机、挖掘机等和各种打桩机夜间作业；（3）保证施工机械的设备噪声符合机械噪声限值标准；（4）加强施工期的监督管理，规范操作。1.2营运期环境保护措施1.2.1林地恢复计划建设项目不可避免的产生生态影响，有些是暂时性的，有些影响可以通过生态恢复技术予以消除。生态恢复是相对于生态破坏而言的，生态破坏可以理解为生态体系的结构发生变化，功能退化或丧失，关系紊乱。生态恢复就是恢复系统的合理结构，高效的功能和协调的关系。生态恢复实质上就是被破坏生态系统的有序演替过程，这个过程使生态系统可能回复到原先的状态。但是，由于自然条件的复杂性以及人类社会对自然资源利用的取向影响，生态恢复并不意味着在所有场合下都能够或必须使恢复的生态系统都是原先的状态，生态恢复最本质的目的就是恢复系统的必要功能并达到系统自维持状态。该项目的生态恢复内容包括：theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 1.在设计阶段同时编制生态恢复工程，内容包括：（1）确定进行生态恢复的地点、范围与面积，并用大比例图表示出来（1:50000）；（2）依据项目总体规划方案和区域生境建设要求制定恢复目标；（3）确定生态恢复技术方案，分期目标，类型目标和经费预算；（4）对生态恢复进行社会经济与生态效益评估。2.生态恢复的技术方案基本围绕有序演替的过程来进行，也可以根据项目区域的地形特点，因地制宜。在考虑生态恢复时，还要特别注意尽量利用现场的资源，尤其是土壤资源和生物资源，例如表土层含有丰富的有机物质和植物种子、块根、块茎等繁殖体，是可以利用的宝贵资源。3.项目重点的生态恢复地点如下：步道两侧；索道施工便道；临时用施工工地；上下基站及景区大门场地周边等等；对于项目永久占地所占用的植被面积应异地恢复。1.1.1水污染防治措施9.3.2.1水污染防治原则（1）由于***上游支流沿途均有当地居民饮用水取水点，因此，除龙潭乡以外，不得在***景区内的其他地段设接待点，以防在上游产生大量生活污水排入河道；（2）随着***景区的开发，直接取用河水具有一定的不安全因素，***景区内的居民饮用水应全部纳入供水计划中；（3）龙潭乡接待处拟建设80～100家家庭作坊式的餐饮接待点，让他们独自建设污水处理设施不现实，应集中建设给排水设施，污水集中处理。9.3.2.2水污染防治措施本评价建议兴建有动力地埋式污水处理设施对该生活污水进行处理，处理规模根据游客人数、接待人员人数等情况具体确定，污水处理工艺流程见图9-1。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 化粪池初沉池三级接触氧化二沉池污泥池消毒池出水生活污水污泥图9-1污水处理工艺流程示意图1.1.1固废污染防治措施景区内各景点设置垃圾箱，并安排专人负责每日的清运及景区内游人零星丢弃的垃圾，在龙潭乡设一压缩式垃圾转运站，垃圾收集范围确定为***景区内的垃圾和龙潭乡政府所在地的垃圾，垃圾收集后按照景区的统一规划外运至潜山县垃圾处理场，不得在景区内处置。目前垃圾堆放点在城郊小山洼内，距城区2公里，占地10亩，总库容约为20万立方米，处理工艺为简易堆放。远期待潜山县生活垃圾卫生填埋场建成后，送该处卫生填埋。1.2替代方案论证景区基础设施建设一直存有较大的争议，本项目的选址位于两个景区的交界地带，避开了精华景观，将对***风景名胜区整体景观的影响降低到最小限度，从选址及路线变化角度来考虑，步道不会再有其他线路，本评价对索道的两个方案进行比较论证，阐述最终选择方案一的理由。方案一和方案二在技术经济参数和施工方案方面的比选情况见表9-1和9-2。表9-1建设施工方案比选项目方案一方案二下站人工开挖石方400方、土方1000方，少量爆破上站人工开采石方700方（少量爆破）土方1000方人工开采石方1000方（少量爆破）土方1000方植被破坏施工便道结合游览步道施工路线，破坏面积1180×4+10×20+400=5320m2以河谷原山路为主，加分支便道面积1700×4+15×20+400=7500m2施工人员正常时期施工人员80人，高峰期130人，租用民房或搭简易工棚支架数1015支架开挖量土方：15×3×3×1=135方石方：15×3×3×2=270方土方：15×3×3×1=135方石方：15×3×3×2=270方运输石料场材料汽车运到下站，货运索道吊装到位，石子、黄沙全部外运，毛石就地开采利用，挖高填低，支架恢复适当加高。石料来源经***管委会建设土地环保局实地勘察确定开采处或外运石料。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 表9-2技术经济参数比选项目方案一方案二线路水平长（m）18001700上站高程/下站高程（m）960/360880/396上下站高差（m）600484索距（m）3.63.6运行速度（m/s）5.05.0站内速度（m/s）0.3～0.40.3～0.4主驱动功率（Kw）300300吊厢容量（人）66吊厢数量（个）3028吊箱间距（m）135135全线支架数（个）1015单向运输量（人/小时）800750总投资（万元）33004500通过比较两个方案，可以看出：（1）方案一的运量稍大于方案二，且投资较省；（2）方案一的支架数更少，施工量及破坏量更小；（3）方案一的植被破坏要少于方案二；另外，通过对地质稳定性、出站开阔程度（是否利于游客集散）、及对景观的影响等方面还可得出以下结论：（1）方案一较方案二上站位置地势平坦开阔，地质结构稳定，建设开挖较少，对地表破坏较小。（2）方案一较方案二隐蔽性较好。方案一线路全部在山谷中，基本不影响景观；方案一上站在千丈崖东侧下方，从千丈崖和大东门看不到站房；方案一上站站址在千丈崖和大东门之间，对千丈崖和大东门有一定的影响。（3）方案一上站位置地势平坦，又处于旅游步道上，利于游客集散和休息，方便游客旅游；而方案二上站周围三面都是峭壁陡崖，位置狭窄，不利于游客集散，游客出站后有压抑感，旅游的效果不好。通过以上综合比较，在征得项目单位的同意的情况下，本评价推荐采用方案一。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 环境经济损益分析1.1概述***景区基础设施项目的建设符合《***国家风景名胜区总体规划》及《***风景名胜区***景区重点地段详细规划》的要求，对***旅游业的发展有着积极的促进作用。当然，在取得相应经济效益和社会效益的同时，必然给自然生态环境带来一定的压力，由于众多的环境经济要素难以具体计量，故而从环境效益、经济效益和社会效益诸因素的和谐统一方面来论述。1.2环境保护投资概算项目的环境保护投资包括直接环保投资和间接环保投资，详见表10-1。表10-1项目环保投资概算单位：万元直接投资费用间接投资费用林地恢复16护坡工程80园林绿化工程8挡土墙工程20环保总投资：1241.3环境效益项目的直接环境效益是负效益，首先对自然体系生态环境造成不利影响，改变了局部地表形态，占用了局部地表植被，使评价区域的自然生产能力略有下降，下降了0.46g/(m2·a)，并在工程施工期破坏了局部区域的景观环境；从间接环境效益看，也会带来不利影响，游客的增加必将增加污染源和污染物，增加了评价区域的生态污染负荷，造成相应的环境压力。但是旅游业的发展也会产生正效益，一方面，可以改变当地的经济结构，使当地经济摆脱以林业为支撑的第一产业主导型经济结构，大力发展第三产业；另一方面，经济实力的增加使地方政府和企业有更好财力和物力投入到环境生态保护方面。1.4经济效益项目的建设直接经济效益体现在景区接待游客的营运上，根据可行性研究报告的经济效益分析，将利润测算的数据列于表10-2。表10-2建设项目利润测算表theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 序号项目投产期（营业负荷60％）营运期（第五年）营运期（第十年）1营业收入936.6156115612总成本费用801.5992.2948.63营业税及附加51.585.985.94利润总额83.6482.9527.45所得税24.3159.4173.86税后利润59.3323.5353.67盈余公积金、公益金8.948.552.98未分配利润50.4275.1299.9由表10-2可以看出，项目建设的直接经济效益明显。而它的间接经济效益体现在促进***风景名胜区旅游业的发展。1.1社会效益该建设项目也具有较大的社会效益。该项目的建设促进了景区内居民与外界的沟通，带动地方经济发展，增强地方经济实力，扩大就业机会；对于提升***风景名胜区知名度、建设一个高品位的国家风景名胜区具有积极的作用。同时推动地方社会经济的全面发展。综上所述，在项目建设过程中，只要充分注意对自然生态环境的保护和恢复，尽量避免破坏和产生不利影响，不利的环境影响是可以减少到最低程度的，为区域环境承受，同时获得较大的经济效益和社会效益。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 环境监测与环境管理1.1环境管理机构根据《建设项目环境保护管理办法》的有关规定，为确保拟建项目环境保护措施的落实，保护环境质量，提出切实可行的环境管理制度与监测计划。******旅游发展有限公司需建立完善的环境管理的机构和体制，不断提高环境管理能力，组织、落实、监督该项目在施工期和营运期的环境保护工作。1.2环境监测计划根据项目建成后的实际情况，公司自身可不设环境监测机构，有关常规例行监测可委托***环境监测中心站承担。1.2.1林地保护为保护林地，按设计要求划定施工区域，对界区外林地任何人、任何单位不得随意采伐，同时负责生态恢复及界区内林地防火问题。1.2.2水土流失状况观测对工程施工过程中的水土流失状况及地表径流状况进行定期观测，出现异常应及时采取措施处理，对工程竣工时的边坡防护工程、恢复工程及绿化工程进行监督管理，尽量减少裸地暴露时间以防治水土流失，保护区域生态环境。1.2.3水环境质量监测监测项目：pH、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、生化需氧量（BOD5）、氨氮；布点原则：***上游支流万涧河段及龙潭乡河段；监测时间：每年二次。1.2.4环境空气质量监测监测项目：SO2、NO2、TSP；布点原则：***景区万涧村；监测时间：每年二次。1.2.5环境噪声监测监测项目：昼夜等效连续A声级；布点原则：***景区内观光游览地段和游客食宿地段；监测时间：每年二次。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 公众参与本评价公众参与旨在向公众传递项目建设的有关情况及评价情况，并将公众的意见和建议反馈到项目的设计与建设中，从而使环境影响评价的对策更具合理性、实用性和可操作性。1.1公众参与的方式本评价采用现场调查的方式征询公众的意见和建议，在此过程中发放了公众参与调查表。2005年6月22～23日，评价人员与项目建设方代表到项目建设地点周围进行现场调查，并发放《******景区基础设施项目环境影响评价公众参与调查表》，调查表格式见表12-1。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 表12-1******景区基础设施项目环境影响评价公众参与调查表姓名性别文化程度职业一、项目概况为充分发挥潜山县和***旅游资源的优势，促进潜山县域经济的发展和旅游强县目标的实现，在《***风景名胜区总体规划调整》（1995.3）等规划的指导下，******旅游发展有限公司决定建设******景区基础设施项目，本次工程包括旅游步道2.5km、积翠谷索道1.6km及***景区大门等。二、环境影响工程主要环境影响包括：工程直接影响区域面积14878m2，会使11908m2的植被受到较严重破坏；在施工期及营运期的前几年会产生一定的水土流失现象；对皖涧竹海会产生一定的景观影响；项目建成后，游客的增多会增加景区的环境压力，带来一定污水及固废的排放。三、采取的主要环保措施工程设计上与景观相协调，做好施工计划安排，在规定的范围内进行施工，施工破坏的植被尽快恢复，并做好边坡防护，以减轻水土流失等。填表说明：请在以下选择项后打“√”1.您对项目了解程度a.了解()b.基本了解()c.不了解()2.您认为***风景区环境现状如何a.很好()b.较好()c.一般()d.污染严重()3.和其他风景区相比，您对***风景区的开发现状的态度a.很好()b.一般()c.不够()d.很不够()4.景区开发导致哪一方面环境质量变差a.景观协调性()b.生态环境c.水资源()d.土地资源()　　e.其它()5.您对资源开发与环境保护间关系的看法a.可实现协调发展()　　b.不能实现协调发展()c.说不清()6.对项目的态度a.支持()　　b.无所谓()　　c.反对()其它建议和要求：1.1公众参与对象的基本构成情况此次公众参与调查表共收回有效问卷82份，其基本构成情况见表12-2。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 表12-2公众参与对象基本构成情况表调查项目调查内容调查结果人数（个）所占比例（％）性别男性女性54286634身份组成干部工人农民其他27736123394414文化程度初中及以下高中及中专大专及以上4018244922291.1公众参与与调查结果分析1.1.1调查结果统计本次评价的公众参与调查结果见表12-3。1.1.2调查结果分析由表12-3公众参与调查结果统计可以看出，84％的公众对该项目了解或基本了解；认为评价区域环境质量现状较好及以上的占93％，可见，大多数公众对评价区域的环境质量还是较为满意的；68％的公众认为***目前的开发程度还不够，这与***风景名胜区多年投入不大有关；大多数公众认为项目建设会对评价区域生态环境产生不利影响，从直觉上来看对景观协调性的影响不大；大多数公众认为项目建设可实现资源开发与环境保护间的协调发展；90％的公众对项目建设持支持态度，没有公众反对项目建设；因此，可以说项目建设能够得到当地大多数人的接受的，也是受当地公众欢迎的。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 表12-3公众参与调查结果统计表调查内容调查结果人数（人）所占比例（％）1.您对项目了解程度a.了解b.基本了解c.不了解2148132658162.您认为***风景区环境现状如何a.很好b.较好c.一般d.污染严重5521606726703.和其他风景区相比，您对***风景区的开发现状的态度a.很好b.一般c.不够d.很不够412561051568124.景区开发导致哪一方面环境质量变差a.景观协调性b.生态环境c.水资源d.土地资源e.其它12461572155618925.您对资源开发与环境保护间关系的看法a.可实现协调发展b.不能实现协调发展c.说不清53623657286.对项目的态度a.支持b.无所谓c.反对7480901001.1公众参与影响评价结论通过本次公众参与调查可以看出，评价区域公众对当地的环境质量状况较为满意，但发展的速度相对较慢，已远远落后于省内其他地市；在当前情况下，***风景名胜区所受的关注程度还远远不够，政策、贷款等方面的支持远不如黄山、九华山等地，当地公众迫切希望能加大力度、合理开发***的风景资源。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 结论与建议1.1评价结论1.1.1环境现状评价（1）景观环境现状评价结论主峰景区具有珍稀濒危植物构成的景观及石景景观，经现场调查，这些珍贵的景观资源距离项目施工区域均较远，不会受到直接的破坏，该项目建设也不会影响其景观效果。项目用地范围内没有珍贵景观和文物古迹，主要景观特点为森林覆盖率较高，环境尚佳，符合***风景区特色，属***风景名胜资源分级保护的二级严格保护区，景观类别为重点保护区，凡与风景旅游无关的建设项目一律不得在本区兴建，可建设供观光的交通设施项目。（2）区域生态环境现状评价结论项目拟建区域景观生态体系的生产能力较强，为846.66g/（m2·a），具有受到破坏以后的恢复能力，且具有一定的阻抗能力。因此，该区域的生态完整性基本符合该自然体系应具有的能力级别，属于良好等级。该区域水土流失并不严重，大部分评价区域的土壤侵蚀强度属于微度、轻度侵蚀区，但由于评价区域内地势起伏较大，土层较薄，一旦地表植被受到破坏，土壤侵蚀强度向严重发展的可能性较大。因此必须做好水土保持工作。各地表水体均源于山涧溪流，人为污染因素较少，且自净能力强，监测结果表明，地表水质良好。该***上游支流河段中未见珍稀鱼类和大型水生植物。（3）区域环境质量现状评价结论现状监测结果表明，评价区域内的环境空气和声环境质量状况良好。1.1.2环境影响预测及评价（1）旅游环境容量分析经综合分析***风景区（包括主峰景区）的多年游客人数变化情况、及客源市场潜力，2010年之前，主峰景区的远期客流量是可以控制在90万人次以内的，并且，只要做好景区管理、合理分流客流，目前景区的开发程度尚不会对主峰景区造成生态以及景观的破坏。（2）施工期环境影响评价结论①工程施工对景观环境将产生不利影响，建设单位和施工单位应采取及时有效的防治措施，将不利影响控制在最低限度。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 ②工程施工会破坏局部区域的山体微地貌，爆破强度大还会导致岩石强度减弱，并造成施工区域的水土流失现象，因项目施工强度不是很大，可采取相应措施将这些不利影响降低到最低限度；项目建设会使11908m2的植被受到较严重破坏，引起较多的鸟类和大型兽类迁徙。③项目施工期间会对评价区域的空气、地表水、声环境产生一定的不利影响，但这些不利影响是短期的，可逆的，在工程施工过程中可通过采取一系列的防护措施将这些不利影响降低到最低限度。④项目的建设将会对施工区域的土壤理化性质产生一定的影响，但由于施工区域面积仅占评价区的0.06%，这不足以对评价区域的土壤理化性质产生的影响，不会使区域土壤理化性质恶化。（3）景观环境影响预测及评价结论项目建成后，其景观相融性评价分级为3级，受项目影响较大的是***景区，而***景区的景观类别为一般保护区，从区域景观指标考虑，建设项目是可行的。（4）运营期环境影响预测及评价结论①项目施工和营运后使评价区内自然体系的平均生产能力由现状的846.66g/(m2·a)，降低为846.2g/(m2·a)，平均净减少0.46g/(m2·a)，变化较小，仍然处在较高的生产能力水平，自然体系等级没有衰退。因此，工程对自然体系生产能力的影响是评价区内自然体系可以承受的。78.25%面积上的松杉、竹林是该区域具有动态控制能力的组分，林地的模地地位没有动摇、项目实施对区域自然体系中模地组分的自身异质化程度影响不大，是评价区域自然体系可以承受的。②水土流失现象在项目施工结束后的4～5年内可能仍会较严重，随着植被的逐渐恢复，这种不利影响可逐渐减弱，最终恢复到建设前的天然水平。③项目开始运营后，随着自然植被的恢复，施工时的人为干扰消失，一部分外迁动物又会回归到原地，但对某些大型动物仍将有一定干扰作用。④项目运营后水土流失不可能很快消失，水体只有在植被完全恢复后才能达到原来的清沏程度。施工场地生活污水不再产生，但由于游客增加将排放出更多的污水。为保证山间溪流不致受生活污水的影响，接待设施应统一建在龙潭乡，避免使***上游支流水体水质受到污染。1.1.1建设项目的生态影响theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 （1）工程直接影响区域面积14878m2，直接受影响的区域自然组分受干扰较大，调节生态环境质量的能力受到限制，而间接影响区域（24.05km2）自然组分受干扰较小，对直接影响区域有缓冲和调节作用。（2）施工期发生的水土流失量较大。在施工结束后，通过采取防护措施，水土流失量会减少。1.1.1社会环境影响评价***景区的开发对于***风景名胜区整体开发战略具有积极作用，帮助农民脱贫致富，改变景区内以林业为主导产业这一不合理的经济结构状况。1.1.2环境保护措施及替代方案论证（1）景观保护措施①力求索道及构筑物等的建筑风格与风景资源背景之间景观相融性评价分级达到景观指标要求。对工程征地范围内景点采取必要的防护措施，并尽量维持景点周围原有布置；另外，对于索道建设破坏景观质量的问题，可通过设计加以弥补。②工程施工结束后，对征地范围内造成的植被破坏尽快采取必要的恢复及补救措施，并注意林相和谐，对于索道施工区域，破坏什么植被就补救什么植被。（2）施工期环境保护措施①施工计划安排，对工程施工进行招标，委托有资质、有经验的工程施工单位进行规范施工，制定合理的施工进度安排，使施工计划有序地进行，并尽量避免该项目的土石方工程在雨季施工。同时，建设单位应加强施工监督管理。②确定施工区域范围、保护山场林地，根据项目的整体布局，规定施工区域范围和面积，确定对施工区域范围以外用地，保持原有的自然风貌，不得随意扩大施工区域范围。③建设项目拟建场地土壤侵蚀强度属微度、轻度侵蚀范围，而项目的建设破坏了原有的地形、植被，使施工区域有可能成为新的水土流失发生源。对此，建设单位和施工单位应采取相应措施以防治水土流失，并可防止施工期景观环境的恶化。施工阶段应按部就班地采取一系列的水土流失防治措施，保证水土流失防治措施与主体工程同时施工、同时竣工。④theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 保护地表径流，对挖方临时所弃土石方可能造成的地表径流淤塞，及时清理，保证地表径流河道畅通。⑤设置一临时沉淀池，对悬浮物含量较高的施工生产废水进行处理，处理后废水中悬浮物浓度低于GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》中一级标准70mg/l，这样不会对纳污水体地表水环境产生大的影响。⑥抑制堆场和施工操作时的起尘量，抑制路面的扬尘量，保护区域的环境空气质量。⑦保证施工机械的设备噪声符合机械噪声限值标准，严禁大型机械如推土机、挖掘机等和各种打桩机夜间作业，保护区域的声环境质量。⑧对工程施工时弃用的建筑垃圾，及时清运，妥善处理。（3）营运期环境保护措施①确定项目重点的生态恢复地点，制定林地恢复计划。②尽快在龙潭乡建设集中给排水设施，污水集中处理。③景区内各景点设置垃圾箱，在龙潭乡设一压缩式垃圾转运站，垃圾收集后按照景区的统一规划外运安全填埋，不得在景区内处置。（4）替代方案通过对技术经济指标、施工方案、地质稳定性、出站开阔程度（是否利于游客集散）、及对景观的影响等方面的综合分析，方案一均优于方案二，在征得项目单位的同意的情况下，本评价推荐采用方案一。1.1.1环境经济损益分析项目的建设，通过一系列的环境保护措施，可将对评价区域环境的不利影响控制在最小限度，是评价区域环境可以承受的。同时，项目的建设可使项目所在区域获得较大的经济效益和社会效益，实现三个效益的统一。1.1.2公众参与评价区域公众对当地的环境质量状况较为满意，但发展的速度相对较慢，已远远落后于省内其他地市；在当前情况下，***风景名胜区所受的关注程度还远远不够，政策、贷款等方面的支持远不如黄山、九华山等地，当地公众迫切希望能加大力度、合理开发***的风景资源。1.2建议（1）在拟建项目工程设计阶段、施工期、营运期分别按部就班地将一系列的环保措施落到实处。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 （2）积极配合国营***林场实施林地恢复计划，提高区域森林景观环境质量。（3）应设置环境管理机构，实施环境管理和监测计划，监督酒店在施工期和营运期的环境保护工作，保护区域环境。（4）尽快落实污水集中处理、垃圾收运的规划设计工作，并进行环境影响评估。1.1综合评价结论项目的建设符合《***风景名胜区总体规划调整说明书》（1995年3月）和《***风景名胜区***景区重点地段详细规划》（2000年5月）等规划要求；拟建区域的整体自然环境状况良好。建设区域属风景名胜资源重点保护区，参照《山岳型风景资源开发环境影响评价指标体系》（HJ/T6-94），在该区域内，可建设供观光的交通设施项目。项目的评价区域自然体系有较强的恢复能力，但异质性程度不高，阻抗能力有限，其生态完整性基本符合该自然体系应具有的能力级别，生态环境质量良好。而且评价区域的水土流失现象并不严重，区域的地表水环境、环境空气及声环境质量现状良好。因此，项目拟建区域的整体自然环境符合拟建项目的建设条件。项目的建设将会给评价区域环境带来一定的影响，且不利影响多集中表现在工程施工区域，影响范围有限，仅占评价区域的0.06%。而且，通过采取一系列的环境保护措施，项目的建设对评价区域的不利影响可以控制在最小限度，仍能维持评价区域自然环境的原有功能，是评价区域自然环境可以承受的。在综合考虑项目建设形式及地形形态等多方面因素，通过项目规划设计，可使其景观相融性评价分级维持在3级，受项目影响较大的是***景区，而***景区的景观类别为一般保护区，参照区域景观指标，建设项目是可行的。项目的建设将会使项目所在区域获得较大的经济效益和社会效益，刻不容缓。因此，从环境保护角度考虑，项目的建设对区域环境的影响可以接受的，建设项目是可行的。建设项目基本情况项目名称河森林公园建设单位河旅游有限公司theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 法人代表联系人通讯地址场联系电话传真邮政编码建设地点场立项审批部门批准文号建设性质新建√改扩建□技改□行业类别及代码森林公园类K7530占地面积（hm2）4526绿化面积（hm2）4300总投资（万元）3518.0其中:环保投资(万元)63.5环保投资占总投资比例1.9%评价经费（万元）1.5预期投运时间2008.5工程内容及规模：一、概况theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 上坝河森林公园位于宁陕县东北部，上坝河上游，距县城21km。西北与西北农林科技大学火池塘教学林场相连，东北与宁东林业局新矿林场接壤，东南与宁陕县新矿乡为邻，西与城关镇渔洞村相接，南于城关镇青龙村镶嵌。其自然景观以秦岭河谷风光为主，集森林景观、水体景观和石峰景观于一体。境内森林茂密，郁郁葱葱，云蒸霞蔚，风起水响。景观晨夕不同，一日气候不齐。环境幽美，气候宜人，森林覆盖率达95%。发展森林生态旅游具有广阔的前景。该建设项目由西安华鑫房地产开发有限公司投资，租赁宁陕县上坝河林场管辖区内的全部土地计面积为4526hm2，进行旅游项目开发，期限至少为70年。公园建设总投资3518万元，其中景区景点建设工程投资272.0万元，环境保护工程建设投资63.5万元，旅游基础设施工程建设投资2125.3万元，旅游服务设施工程建设投资598.9万元，其他费用为260万元，政府先期投资公路铺油工程及其他费用约计198.3万元：建设期限为3年，分1-3期完成。建设期末年预计游客规模为8万人次，纯收入约为150多万元；设计规模为公园日环境容量6750人次，年度接待旅客能力6-11万人次。二、一期工程任务和规模本次评价的主要范围为一期工程管理接待服务区，即上坝河度假山庄。本工程位于上坝河森林公园内，原宁陕县上坝河林场场部，占用土地52.3hm2theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 ，其规划设计理念以上坝河林场场部原有的具有陕南民居特色的建筑物为主，按照公园功能区划要求，依据度假山庄所处自然位置及自身特点，在上坝河林场场部荒滩沙地上设置接待中心、宾馆、人工湖、临湖茶楼等建筑物，可提供60间住宿房，230人同时就餐，可接待170人的会议。共计可容纳300人的活动。目前管理人员40人，进入营运期管理人员为150人。用水来源于上坝河水。三、工程布置与建筑物度假山庄建筑群东邻上坝河林场山林，西邻上坝河，南接进场道路和荒滩，北接原林场原有建筑群。新建筑群以形成人工湖为中心相簇拥的格局。度假山庄规划建筑物工程项目具体见下表：工程项目规模及名称参考表编号工程项目建筑面积备注1接待购物办公1436m22F2厨房120m21F3高档餐饮楼696m22F4高档住宿楼710m22F5高档住宿楼710m22F6临湖茶楼538m21F7中档住宿楼190m21F8中档住宿楼190m21F9中档住宿楼190m21F10别墅315m22F11人工湖5200m2各建筑群主要以砖混结构为主，石木结构相辅的建筑方式。建筑总面积为10295m2。其中：房屋建筑面积为5095m2，人工湖5200m2。一期工程土建挖方量11000m3，回填方量12000m3。为保护上坝河行洪及度假山庄安全，拟在上坝河东岸采取“依势自然、重在保护”theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 的策略，修筑长880m、高2.5m、宽1.2m护岸。护岸工程需石料2640m3，沙792m3，水泥800t。石料就地取材，沙主要为外购。原则上保持上坝河景区段原貌为条件。四、工程项目建设的必要性宁陕县委、县人民政府为认真贯彻落实中共安康市委提出的以“药、水、游”为经济主导产业，发展安康绿色经济的战略方针，走经济可持续发展道路。充分发挥宁陕县生态旅游资源优势，提出“旅游富县”的目标。上坝河林场为落实宁陕县调整产业结构、大力发展旅游的战略决定，将资源消耗型转变成为生态保护型的经济模式，寻求新的经济增长点。通过招商引资，建设上坝河森林公园。上坝河森林公园的建设，缓解了上坝河林场涵养生息的经费来源严重不足的问题，加大林场生态保护的力度。建立了上坝河区域经济发展新模式。同时带动了周边地区村民农家庭院生态经济发展。加深了爱林护景的认识，只有加强生态保护，才能有区域经济发展的新思路。五、环评依据1、《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》；2、《建设项目环境保护管理条例》；3、《环境影响评价技术导则》（HJ/T2.1-1993）；4、《建设项目环评分类登记审批表》；5、环评委托书；6、《宁陕县发展计划局关于对陕西省上坝河森林公园项目立项的批复》；theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 7、《森林公园管理办法》；8、《风景名胜区管理暂行条例》；9、《宁陕县旅游发展总体规划》10、《陕西省上坝河森林公园建设可行性研究》11、《上坝河度假山庄规划设计方案》安康市环境影响评价所于2006年6月受建设单位委托，承担该建设项目环境影响报告表编制工作。通过工程技术人员现场踏勘，搜集有关资料，了解项目区域环境特点，在工程分析、类比调查分析、现状监测及评价等综合分析的基础上，系统、客观地评估建设项目可能对环境产生的影响，提出预防、减缓及控制措施和建议，为保护环境，保护自然生态和加强环境管理提供科学依据。与本项目有关的原有污染情况及主要环境问题：theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 该项目区内为沙滩荒地，周围为人工林地，无污染源和其他环境问题，环境本底质量良好。建设项目所在地自然环境社会环境简况自然环境简况（地形、地貌、地质、气候、气象、水文、植被、生物多样性等）：一、地形、地貌、地质。1、地形、地貌。工程区位于秦岭主峰南麓山区，中山山地。沟壑纵横，山体巍峨。地势呈北高南低。上坝河纵贯南北。地理坐标为：东经108°21′25″—108°30′5″，北纬33°19′01″—33°25′39″。海拔高度900m～2686m。2、地质该区位于秦岭褶皱系南部之印支褶皱带内，居秦岭地槽之中心、区内褶皱断裂发育。以印支期侵入花岗岩为主。出露地表岩石主要为细一中粒花岗岩、灰岩、片岩和石英石等。二、气候、气象、水文。1、气候、气象。该工程区气候属秦岭南麓半潮湿气候区，属北亚热带大陆性季风气候区，气候温和、水量充足。最高气温37℃，极端最低气温－13.1℃，年平均气温11.0℃theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 左右，无霜期215天，年降水量533.2－1376.1mm，多年平均降水量为888.2mm，降水多集中在5－10月。每年11月至来年3月为降雪期。年日照为1695.3h。2.水文该区水系属长江流域汉江水系，子午河支流的上游，发源于秦岭南麓，河水流经途径为：上坝河→东河→子午河→汉江。上坝河为东河上游段，其东河流域面积135.06km2,流长31.0km，比降为36.9‰，多年平均径流量4862.2万m3。三、土壤、植被、生物多样性。1、土壤土壤以山地黄棕壤为主，土层厚度一般为20－25cm之间。一期工程区域内为棕沙壤。2、植被与生物多样性上坝河森林公园，地处亚热带北缘，植被区系属华北、华中、横断山脉等三个植被区的交汇地，植被成分复杂，过渡性明显。多为常绿树种的落叶、阔叶林带，大部分为天然次生林。森林覆盖率高，树种种类繁多。植被类型主要有：落叶阔叶林、锐齿栎树、山杨林、桦木林、针叶林等。层间植被有：猕猴桃、五味子、红藤、金银花等；地被植物有：禾草、蕨类、蒿类等。森林覆盖率为95.1%。主要动物有羚羊、鹿子、林麝、黑熊、野猪、锦鸡、大鲵、大灵猫、红腹角雉等。体现了上坝河森林公园生物多样性，自然生态的区域性。在一期工程区度假山庄周围均为人工次生林。由于原上坝河林场附近人类活动频繁，附近很少有珍稀野生动物出现，且羚羊、林麝、大灵猫、大鲵等动物主要活动区域集中在上坝河上游发源地平河梁原始森林里。一期工程项目区远离原始森林，故不会产生影响。在一期工程项目区内均为上坝河林场荒滩地，区内无古树名木或高大乔木，大多为次生蒿草，生物多样性体现单调。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 社会环境简况（社会经济结构、教育、文化、文物保护等）：上坝河森林公园（即上坝河林场），位于210国道附近，西有西万路，南与地方公路－关(关口)太(太山庙)路相连，南由关口－上坝河公路直达县城与西万公路相接。东有月河坪－太山庙路与西万公路相接，交通比较方便。北可达西安，南至安康、汉中，西到四川。原国有上坝河林场辖区分布于城关、汤平、筒车湾、龙王四镇。1970年“三线”建设上马时，为了给“阳安线”铁路提供木材成立了宁陕县新矿林场。后改为宁陕县国有上坝河林场。林场涉及4个乡镇45个村，总人口约2.5万余人。人均耕地2.25亩，人均粮食产量520公斤。经济文化发展水平一般。项目区内除零星散住农户外，无学校和文物保护单位，文化教育落后。上坝河林场属自收自支性事业单位。1999年前采伐经营收入约320万元，99年后实行封山育林“天保”工程后，其经费来源于“天保”经费支付。经费远远不能满足上坝河林场发展需要。为拓宽发展渠道，积极响应中共宁陕县委关于加快生态旅游发展地决定，遵循“统一规划、分步实施、合理开发、体现特色、有效利用、科学保护”的思路，按照《宁陕县旅游发展总体规划》，通过招商引资联合经营开发，促进保护的方式，建设上坝河森林公园。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 环境质量状况建设项目所在地区域环境质量现状及主要环境问题（环境空气、地表水、地下水、声学环境、生态环境等）一、环境空气质量现状上坝河森林公园环境质量现状以南宫山森林公园环境质量监测资料为参考进行类比：SO2日均值范围0.000－0.005mg/m3：NO2日均值范围为0.000－0.007mg/m3：TSP日均值范围0.001－0.009mg/m3。按照国家《环境空气质量标准》（GB3095-1996）一级标准要求，SO2、NO2、TSP日平均值均未超标，说明森林公园的大气环境质量良好。二、声环境现状经声环境现状监测，噪声平均等效声级昼间为41.0dB（A），夜间为32.6dB（A），按照国家《城市区域环境噪声标准》（GB3096－93）1类标准要求，均未超标，说明声学环境质量良好。三、水环境质量现状项目区上坝河经东河、子午河，进入汉江（石泉段），因此根据安康市环境保护监测站2006年上半年对汉江石泉段水质监测20个项目分析结果，除氨氮为Ⅱ类水质，其余均为Ⅰ类水质。经类比分析上坝河水质符合国家《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838－2002）中的Ⅰ类标准。主要环境保护目标（列出名单及保护级别）：theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 1、根据国家对《森林公园规划规范》要求，必须保证上坝河水质符合国家《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类标准以上要求。2、大气环境质量不超过国家《环境空气质量标准》二级标准。3．环境噪声不超过国家《城市区域环境噪声标准》1类标准。评价适用标准环境质量标准1、国家《环境空气质量标准》（GB3095-1996）二级标准。2、国家《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）Ⅲ类标准。3、国家《城市区域环境噪声标准》（GB3096-93）1类标准。污染物排放标准1、废水排放执行国家《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）表4一级标准；2、废气排放执行国家《大气污染物综合排放标准》（GB16297-1996）；3、建筑施工噪声执行国家《建筑施工厂界噪声限值》（GB12523-90）；4、固体废物排放执行国家《一般工业固体废物贮存、处置污染控制标准》（GB18599-2001）中的有关规定。总量控制指标1、1、依据国家《污水综合排放标准》控制废水中CODcr≤100mg/L，排放量1.054t/a；SS≤70mg/L，排放量＜0.738t/a；BOD5≤20mg/L，排放量0.211t/a。2、2、依据国家《大气污染物综合排放标准》表2要求，无组织排放监控浓度限值颗粒物排放周界外浓度最高点≤1.0mg/m3。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 建设项目工程分析生产工艺污染流程图立项→规划设计→实施（工程建设）→运行主要污染工序：1、生活污水：旅游服务设施排放生活废水。2、生活垃圾：游客抛弃果皮、纸盒、酒瓶、塑料袋等固体废弃物及旅游服务设施排放的生活垃圾。3、噪声：基础建设过程中产生施工噪声。4、大气污染：基础建设过程中产生颗粒物污染。5、建筑垃圾：基础建设过程中产生建筑垃圾。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 项目主要污染物产生及预计排放情况内容类型排放源(编号)污染物名称处理前产生浓度及产生量（单位）处理后排放浓度及排放量（单位）大气污染物施工期颗粒物（TSP）周界外浓度最高点＞1.0mg/m3周界外浓度最高点≤1.0mg/m3水污染物营运期生活污水SSCODcrBOD5＞100mg/L、1.054t/a＞250mg/L、2.636t/a＞110mg/L、1.160t/a≤70mg/L、0.738t/a≤100mg/L、1.054t/a≤20mg/L、0.211t/a固体废物施工期营运期建筑垃圾生活垃圾45.9t年产生量108t回填利用卫生填埋噪声施工期噪声值高达60-80dB（A），超过国家《建筑施工场界噪声限值》，森林公园建成后产生的社会生活噪声昼间达49.0dB（A），夜间为38.0dB（A），按照国家《城市区域环境噪声标准》1类标准要求，昼夜均未超标。其他1、运输车辆进入景区排放的尾气中产生一定量的碳氢化合物，对周围环境有一定的影响，应控制运输车辆活动范围。安装废气净化装置。2、加强火源管理，严防森林火险发生。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 主要生态影响1、该项目一期工程建设占用土地52.3hm2，改变了其地理条件和自然地貌。2、在建设期进行开挖时，临时性堆放的弃土弃渣受暴雨冲刷，发生一定的水土流失现象，增加上坝河泥沙量。3、人造景观的建设，对自然景观协调性和完整性产生一定影响。4、在营运期，随着人流涌入，可能产生扰动周围自然生态环境面积约4526hm2，影响生物种群分布空间及动态性。5、由于生活污水排入上坝河，在枯水期使其水质发生变化，对水体中好氧生物产生抑制，增大厌氧生物繁殖，河水水质向营养化发展，影响水生生物正常发展。6、游客在旅游活动中，产生的生活垃圾，如塑料袋、纸张等白色垃圾，随风飞扬造成环境污染和景观破坏。环境影响分析施工期环境影响简要分析及预防措施：一、大气环境的影响分析及预防措施施工期大气污染影响的主要因子是颗粒物（TSP）污染，主要来源是土石方挖掘、堆放、清运回填；建筑材料水泥、石灰、沙石装卸、堆放及混凝土搅拌，施工场地路面硬化，车辆运输等。通过类比分析，当风速为2.4m/s时，工地内的TSP最大落地浓度为上风向的1.5-2.3倍，影响范围在下风向150m之内，被影响地区TSP浓度平均值为0.49mg/m3，超过国家《环境空气质量标准》二级标准0.63倍。施工现场必须设置封闭防护围栏，必要时进行洒水及清扫，以减轻施工扬尘对周围环境的影响。二、固体废物的管理和利用theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 在一期工程建设中，产生的主要固体废物为建筑垃圾。通过物料衡算，一期工程排放建筑垃圾为每百平方米为0.9吨，其排放量为45.9吨。由于土建开挖量为11000m3，回填量为12000m3，说明建筑垃圾可完全用于回填。在建筑末期产生的少量建筑垃圾，可用于度假山庄路基整修。三、声环境的影响分析及预防措施该项目在建设过程中，使用混凝土搅拌机、振动棒、挖掘机、车辆运输等，产生高分贝噪声，等效声级值高达60-80dB(A)，最高值超过国家《建筑施工场界噪声限值》。一是对原林场职工留住人员的影响；二是对工程区周围野生动物的惊扰。故应合理安排施工时间，通过优化施工方案，缩短建设工期，尽量避开夜间和午休时间进行施工。营运期环境影响分析与保护原则：一、环境容量的调控分析上坝河森林公园设计规划提出日环境容量为6750人次，根据测算公式；年环境容量等于日环境容量乘以全年旅游适宜天数乘以系数0.5，可知年环境环境容量为67.5万人次，经过分析是可行的。考虑到上坝河森林公园的地理环境位置，特别是在旅游高峰日游客量仍存在超过合理容量的可能，应加强对旅游人员的组织调控，避免游人的过度集中对公园的生态环境造成破坏。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 森林公园是一个以自然生态环境为景观的公园，而旅游的开发是一个半人工生态系统，它不仅由生物和环境条件组成，还包括人类的社会、政治经济条件等，是上述因子组成的多层次、多因子的统一体。因此，森林公园内生态旅游活动的开展，超负荷的人为活动以及任何有损社会公德的行为都会给公园的自然生态系统带来破坏。所以，在公园内开展生态旅游，要在保护的前提下进行旅游资源的开发利用，并根据自然生态系统的变化特点不断改善旅游生态系统的结构、布局，尽量维护自然生态系统平衡，取得最佳的环境效益。为此，除建设必要的环境保护工程外，要重点加强对公园游人的组织调控，建议在公园远景发展规划中将游客量控制在年30万人次的规模内，以维护生态环境，确保森林公园生态旅游经济的可持续发展。二、上坝河森林公园建设进行环境保护的方针及原则要求1、要认真贯彻“严格保护、统一管理、合理开发、永续利用”的方针，坚持“重在自然，兴在建设，强在管理，优在服务，精在特色，贵在和谐”的建设思想，旅游开发建设以生态环境保护为前提，以旅游开发促进环境保护，确定旅游开发与生态环境保护之间的最佳结合点，遵循旅游业可持续发展的原则，以旅游客源市场为导向，以旅游资源为依托，遵循需求决定供给。供给引导需求的原则；经济效益、社会效益和生态环境效益并重的原则。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 各景区的空间布置要有利于旅游线路和组织，以减小游客的行游比。根据森林公园综合发展需要，结合当地自然景观和人文景观的地理位置和分布特色，同时满足旅游观光、休闲度假和经营管理的需要，进行功能区域划分，特别要严格区划生态保护区。因为生态保护区是以涵养水源、保持水土、维护公园生态环境为主要功能的区域，包括动物保护区，是公园的生态保护和景观保护地带，也是形成高质量的风景资源、生态环境和水体质量的基础和保证。该区也是公园远景旅游发展用地。2、生态环境保护的原则⑴以保护为主，美化、绿化并举，因景植树，寓合主体，体现不同景区的特色和深层次的文化内涵。⑵各种工程的建设要因地制宜，应避免因大规模建设破坏植被而造成水土流失。⑶充分利用土地，消灭林间空地，增强森林的水源涵养和水土保持作用。主要景点建筑物周围应栽植原地带植被，尽量保持景观的自然风貌，对游览线路上的林木和草木植物应加强保护。⑷加强景区内旅游服务设施的“三废”治理，坚持保护工程与景点开发同时施工、同时使用的原则。⑸对危及物种生长、生存的病虫害及地方性疾病应采取积极的预防措施，加强森林防火工作，健全防火、防病虫害、防乱砍滥伐监测与管理体系。⑹应在公园划定合理的保护分区，并确定重点保护范围，实行分级保护，分区管理。3、实行保护区分级划分⑴theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 一级保护区：以平河梁景区原始森林及国家和省级保护的野生动物活动区为主的用地范围。对该区域应予以完整的保护，除必要的管理设施外，不允许任何建设活动，一切保持自然原始风貌。严禁机动车辆进入，严格控制游客数量。⑵二级保护区：公园内以旅游、休闲、度假及管理服务区用地范围。在自然环境与自然资源有效保护前提下，对自然资源进行适度利用。严禁砍伐树木，加强植树造林。建设项目应制定详细的开发建设规划，工程建设坚决控制在合理的范围内，尽可能减少对环境的干扰。⑶三级保护区：旅游区用地以外的公园用地，应加强生态林建设，使整个公园生态环境得到进一步优化。4、生物资源的保护⑴生物资源，尤其是森林植被是上坝河森林公园的主体，因此，各景区区划范围确定后，必须在旅游资源调查、森林资源调查和野生动物资源调查的基础上，建立上坝河森林公园景区各类生物档案，针对不同生物种群的分布特点，制定相应的保护措施。⑵theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 原始森林顶级群落是上坝河森林公园的重点森林植被。在确定的区域内，严格按景观林进行经营和管理。根据森林群落结构和演替规律，做好森林植被的恢复工作，科学地进行林相调整和林分改造，逐步形成不同树种组成，不同林龄结构，相对稳定的植物顶级群落。对树龄较大的珍贵树种，经济价值较高的草本植物实行划界打号，进行重点保护。经常开展调查，发现森林病虫、鼠害，适时防治，保证林木茁壮成长。加强林政管理，严厉打击乱砍、盗伐的违法犯罪活动。在游道的适当位置设置标牌，禁止游人折枝攀树。在非采摘区内不准采集标本、野生药材和其它林副产品。在休闲度假区等景点应注意建筑物与景观的协调，栽种各种树木和花草，增加植物景观特色，维持森林生态系统的稳定。⑶在上坝河森林公园划定的景区范围内及周边地区，严禁任何形式的狩猎。公园内严禁盗猎，其中包括对昆虫类、爬行类和林蛙的捕捉。根据《野生动物保护法》的规定，森林公园应制定相应的保护措施，针对不同分布的珍稀动物，采取栖息地、食性、繁殖地环境、迁徙路线等方面的分类保护，为野生动物的栖息地和繁殖创造良好的生态环境。在野生动物保护区内建立野生动物观测站，定期观测各类生物资源，以扩大种群数量，做到合理开发与可持续发展的统一。5、景观资源的保护自然景观保护是景观资源保护的重点。上坝河森林公园应在管理上对各类自然景观资源分别制定相应的管理条例和措施。在开发建设当中，对近期开发的自然景观，要进行详细的规划设计，在科学论证的基础上进行施工建设。对远期开发的自然景观应注重保护自然景观的完整性和原始状态。不得以任何形式和理由进行人为破坏。在重点景区要修固定的步道，除步道外不允许游人践踏。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 森林公园游览区及游人有效视觉范围内的林木，不得进行生产性的经营活动和采伐活动。采取的经营措施必须符合景观保护要求。不得在公园内进行毁林种地、采砂、挖土等破坏森林景观的活动。根据森林公园的合理环境容量、游客日容量确定公园的接待游客规模，并有效地组织游览路线，不得超负荷接纳游客。三、生态环境影响综合评价及处理措施生态环境影响主要综合分析该地区各环境要素的污染物排放情况，提出预防或减缓措施，制止人类活动对自然环境的消极作用，控制和降低人为污染负荷，保护和维护原有生物种群、结构及其功能性，保护典型而有示范性的自然综合体，提高自然环境的复苏能力，提高生态系统对人为负荷的承载能力。1、生活污水排放分析及处理措施⑴上坝河一期工程度假山庄高档住宿设床位20张，中档住宿设床位96张，餐饮接待量230人次，区内管理服务人员150人。根据《风景名胜区规划规范》（GB50298-1999）景区内高级旅馆用水标准取500L/床·日，中级旅馆取300L/床·日，餐饮用水量取20L/人次，区内管理服务人员150L/人次。经测算日生活用水量65.9吨。生活污水排放量按用水量80%计，日产生排污水量52.7吨。年正常接待工作日按200天计，年产生污水总量为10544吨；生活污水中其主要污染物为SS、BOD5、CODcr，经类比分析预测，未处理前排放浓度可达或超过：SS100mg/L、BOD5110mg/L、CODcr250mg/L。其年超标排放量为SS1.054t/a、BOD51.160t/a、CODcr2.636t/a。按照国家《污水综合排放标准》一级标准要求，均超标，且以有机型污染物为主，必须进行处理达标后排放。⑵theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 处理措施：一是采用小型地埋式二级生化处理设备，其污水处理流程为：二级接触氧化沉淀一级接触氧化初沉淀格栅生活污水污泥排放消毒池达标排放二是设置生活污水沼气净化池，利用厌氧菌分解，可降解有机物。生活污水经处理达标后方可排放或回灌林地、绿地进行二次利用。2、生活垃圾排放分析及处理措施（1）生活垃圾主要排放源为度假山庄集中式排放和管理服务人员的排放。人数按450人计，人均日产生生活垃圾1.2kg/人·天计，日产生垃圾量0.54吨，年产生垃圾总量为108吨（200天计）。（2）近年来由旅游食品的包装物形成的垃圾或称“白色污染”theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 是各旅游区普遍存在的问题。对此，在加强环保教育和卫生管理制度宣传的同时，还应制定相应的环保措施，合理设置服务网点，尽量使游人少带食品上山，做到定点投放垃圾，定点收集、集中处理。在游人相对集中的景区，要设置数量充足的垃圾箱。公园应组织或设专人清理垃圾，分类收集，对于服务区设施集中排放的垃圾，可进行分类袋装收集。所有收集的垃圾，应按照环保要求，分拣可回收物，不可回收的垃圾应及时清运出景区，倾倒在符合国家法规标准要求设置的垃圾处理填埋场。严禁倾倒在河流或景区内。不得随意在景区内挖坑掩埋或堆放，对可腐烂的无污染性垃圾，可采取就地填埋处理，但必须注意隐蔽和卫生安全。公园应尽快建立卫生管理范围责任制，制定公园卫生管理制度及处罚办法。粪便的处理应结合景区、景点的规划设计，在固定景点和游人集中的地点修建水冲式公厕，较远的地区设立环保型公厕，严禁随地便溺。对公厕的粪便要设置化粪池集中处理，再送至污水处理站统一治理。3、噪声污染分析与控制在营运期除生活噪声未超标外，不得忽视车辆移动源的排放的噪声及鸣笛产生的瞬间较高值噪声。应采取限制鸣笛和控制车辆运行范围，安装消声器和符合规定喇叭，以保持景区的宁静。4、进行清洁生产、预防大气污染为达到清洁生产要求，确保景区空气环境不受污染，应使用清洁能源，如使用电能、沼气，以供取暖或做燃料。也可以采用清洁的人工合成水煤气做为燃料。严禁砍伐林木或使用原煤做燃料。在景区内不得使用燃煤或燃油锅炉等影响景区环境空气质量和景观质量的能源和设施。5、水土流失预防减缓措施theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 由于施工期进行基础开挖产生临时性弃土弃渣，如果堆放位置不当，当受暴雨冲刷，发生一定水土流失现象，会增加上坝河的泥沙量或冲入上坝河形成河道堵塞，影响行洪。对这些问题应高度重视，为此应采取以下措施：⑴选择适宜的堆放场地。严禁向河道倾倒或堆放在临近河道旁。⑵对临时堆渣场地，应修护坎。并在堆渣场旁修挖临时导流渠以利雨水排放。⑶采取覆盖措施，防止暴雨冲刷。⑷当建筑活动结束后，对裸露场地应及时覆土，种草种树进行绿化。四、关于森林防火的建议森林防火是林区的一件大事，必须坚持贯彻“预防为主、积极消灭”的方针。坚持谁经营谁负责的原则，做好森林防火宣传教育和防火扑救组织，对公园内接待旅游单位和个体经营场所，要健全消防设施、签订防火合同。各景区除配合林业部门建立必要的瞭望、阻隔和通讯设施外，在防火期还要组织专业负责各景区的防火工作，加强检查，巡护和预测预报工作。对人为活动相对密集的景区在防火期严禁任何形式的用火，并控制游人活动范围和吸烟行为，把火灾发生控制在最小范围，认真做到早预防、早发现、早扑灭的防火要求。按景区培植的消防设备，要做到专人负责，定期更换，防患于未然。五、森林病虫害防治的建议森林病虫害是森林植被的无烟灾害，虽然在历史上还没有大面积成灾的记录，但也不可以掉以轻心。应做好以下工作：theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 ⑴贯彻“预防为主，防治结合”的方针和“谁经营谁负责”的责任制。坚持以生物防治为主，生物、化学和物理防治相结合，扼制病虫害的大面积发生。⑵建立健全森林病虫害的防治工作，因害设防。公园内设病防站，配备测报员，定期进行病虫害调查，开展预测、预报和防治检疫工作。⑶采取必要的营林技术措施，抑制和减少病虫害的发生和蔓延。⑷对森林公园营造林所需的种子和苗木应按照《植物检疫条例》严格把好检疫关，建立严密的检疫制度，防止和杜绝病虫害侵入。⑸合理使用化肥农药，保护好区内现有益兽、益鸟等害虫的天敌，实行以生物防治为主，化学防治为辅的综合防治措施，保护森林生态环境。六、关于森林资源和林政管理的建议在原有林场的基础上兴建森林公园后，经营方向发生了根本性的变化。为适应这种变化，进一步加强森林资源和林政管理尤为重要。具体措施如下：1、编制切合实际的、合理的森林经营方案，按不同林种和不同林业用地类型建立数据库，随时监测森林资源的消长情况，针对实际情况不断调整经营措施，努力提高森林的生态、经济和社会效益。2、认真贯彻《土地法》和《关于加强林地保护和管理的通知》，严格执行国家规定的林地、树木管理审批制度。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 3、加强游览道路的设计和建设，掌握和控制景观资源的适度开发，景点建设原则上要近林不进林，尽量不破坏林木。同时精心组织游览线路，分流游人，加强对林木资源的保护。4、严格执行《森林法》、《环境保护法》等与森林植被保护相关的法律和法规，切实依法保护环境。七、完善生态旅游的政策法规的建议旅游业是一个融合资源环境、文化环境和经济环境于一体的综合性行业，其发展要依靠良好的社会环境和生态环境。为此，上坝河森林公园旅游建设、经营管理要遵守国家和省有关林业和旅游业的法律、法规，同时还需要制定适应上坝河森林公园旅游发展的规章制度。近期需编制的规章文件有：《上坝河森林公园资源保护条例》、《上坝河森林公园管理条例》、《上坝河森林公园综合经营开发招商引资指南》。八、公众参与调查按照当地政府职能部门要求，促进环境保护工作，对宁陕县上坝河森林公园项目进行公众参与调查，采用发放调查表形式随机调查，发放调查表20余份，收回20余份，其参加填表人员主要为农民、干部、工人、个人经营者，被调查人员均同意该项目建设。认为该项目建设对环境无负面影响的人数占95%以上。说明当地群众都赞成并支持该项目的建设，公众参与调查见附表。九、环保设施资金投入估算theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 该项目环保“三同时”资金预计投入63.5万元，占项目总投资比例为1.9%，其中主要为：生活污水生化处理设施投资40万元，绿化工程15万元，垃圾回收处理6万元，其他各种设施投资为2.5万元。建设项目拟采取的防治措施及预期治理效果内容类型排放源（编号）污染物名称防治措施预期治理效果大气污施工期扬尘1、湿法操作；2、设置隔离屏障；达标排放theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 染物3、限制车速；4、文明施工。水污染物营运期生活污水SSBOD5CODcr1、二级生化法处理设施2、沼气净化池处理达标排放综合利用固体废弃物施工期营运期建筑垃圾生活垃圾全部回收集中处理、外运填埋综合利用填埋处理噪声1、合理安排工期；2、采取降噪设施；3、制定管理规章；4、达标排放，确保景区声环境不受影响。其他1、对使用的柴油、爆炸物品、机油等易燃易爆炸在各个环节上应有安全防范保管措施。2、施工中，要加强对施工人员安全生产教育，树立安全生产意识，避免发生不安全生产事故。3、施工中要严格控制野外用火，坚决杜绝森林火灾。违者按《森林防火条例》有关规定追究当事人责任。4、使用清洁能源，从源头上削减污染，促进清洁生产。生态保护措施及预期效果1、做到施工方案合理化，加强工程的环境保护管理，制定相应的规章制度，减少生态影响。2、采取防护措施和恢复措施，保护好一切野生动植物，特别是国家和地方重点保护的野生动物和植物。3、严格执行经水行政主管部门审查通过的水保方案，谨防水土流失。4、通过采取相应措施，促进生物群落演替，恢复生态系统的完整性和动态性，以提高自然生态环境的复苏能力和生态系统对人为负荷的承载能力。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 结论与建议建设上坝河森林公园，开展生态森林旅游，对调整林业产业结构，振兴林业的经济将发挥重要的推动作用。该项目的实施可拉动其它相关产业的发展，同时可带动促进当地第三产业的发展，扩大就业门路，合理分流和安置林区富余人员、下岗人员，减轻林区人口对森林资源的压力，使林区发展步入新的轨道。该项目落实各项环保措施，加强对森林资源，各类景观资源，野生动植物资源的保护，必将促进整个区域内生态环境的恢复和改善，将进一步提高本地区的环境质量，达到环境效益、社会效益和经济效益的统一。在工程项目完成后，应由当地县环保行政主管部门组织验收，确保区域环境质量的恢复。综上所述，建设单位严格落实本报告表提出的各项防治方案和治理措施及建议，符合国家和地方环境质量管理要求，该项目可行。附：1、环评审批意见表2、建设项目环保审批登记表3、建设项目环评分类登记审批表4、环评委托书5、关于对陕西省上坝河森林公园项目立项的批复6、上坝河森林公园总体规划图theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 7、公众意见调查表theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 第三章工程分析3.1项目选址可行性分析官昌水库坝址位于外洋村附近，厂房布置在坝址左岸。该水电站在七都溪六级水电梯级开发规划中是作为第六级电站进行建设的，其回水位于已建成的大港电站(第五级)相接。官昌水库坝址区有外洋（上坝址）、马板（下坝址）两个比较坝址，本报告从环境保护的角度对该项目选址可行性进行简要分析。3.1.1库区坝址选择首先由于电站水头较低，水库沿河道蓄水，正常蓄水位69m，回水距离约8.25Km，库区两岸山体宽厚，山峦连绵起伏，没有低矮垭口地形，不会形成通往库外的渗漏通道，淹没面积小，只淹没河床两岸零星果树及库区两侧的少量公益林和耕地，库区不存在重要矿藏、自然遗迹、人文遗迹、自然保护区、风景名胜区、珍稀或濒危野生动植物栖息地和名木古树保护地、基本农田保护区、森林公园、人口密集区、文教卫生区以及其他需要特殊保护的目标，淹没损失小。但库区局部有不稳定边坡体存在，主要出现于库区中游至坝区段，以右岸一侧居多，蓄水浸没后土质易软化，会加剧不稳定边坡的滑移破坏，应高度重视，进行必要的护坡处理。其次坝址选择有上下坝址之分，河谷均呈槽状，外洋坝址河谷狭窄，马板坝址则开阔，河谷底比外洋坝址宽2—3倍。在正常蓄水位69m时，河谷比外洋坝址宽50—140余米。其中马板址距离马板村较近，施工过程中所产生的爆破、施工噪声对马板村的影响较上坝址大，同时施工过程中所需要的混凝土用量下坝址大约是上坝址的1-2倍，因此下坝址的施工对原有地形地貌的破坏比上坝址严重。因此从环保角度出发，所选定的上坝址比下坝址有利。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 所选坝址左右两岸边坡稳定性较好，均没有不良物理地质现象存在，均能满足河床式地面发电厂房枢纽工程选址对工程地质条件的要求。但所选坝址右岸河边滩地窄小，没有适宜地段可用于布置河床式地面发电厂房枢纽工程。所选坝址左岸地形较开阔、平缓，适宜布置河床式地面发电厂房枢纽工程，因此，在所选坝址右岸布置河床式地面发电厂房枢纽工程，其选址合理。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 3.1.2料场选择从现场踏勘和情况了解来看，条石料场：岩性为石英正长斑岩。位于七都镇桥头村北面山坡采石场。山坡下有简易公路连接七都—外洋的公路，可用拖拉机直运至坝区。为一已在开采的石料场，岩体完整性好，岩质坚硬，岩基裸露，开采过程中表面剥离量甚小，对当地的植被（主要为杉木）破坏较小，有简易土路经过料场，开采过程中所产生的少量碎石既用来铺砌简易土路改善料场运输条件又可以经破碎后用作项目碎石料，因此条石料场对环境影响较小。砂料场：砂属中砂。料场在八都镇溪池村的霍童溪右岸边，长约1km,宽约30m~50m，储量6万m3。有公路直达料场，运距22.5km。因此选用这一常年性开采的砂料场为砂料购买场也合理。乱块石料场：岩性为流纹质晶屑凝灰熔岩。外洋坝址两岸山坡上，其中右岸料场需开简易公路、左岸料场位于七都~外洋公路边坡山坡上。储量5万m3。距外洋坝址运距2~3km。从现场踏勘情况了解来看，若进行开采对路基边坡稳定性会产生一定影响。3.1.3渣场选择.弃渣场位于大坝下游左岸1300米的马板村后湾，高程在28—40米，堆渣方量为17万m3，通过采取适当的排水措施、工程措施和植物措施防护后，基本上不影响河道行洪；其所占用的土地均为马板村旱地（未列入基本农田保护区）和河边荒地。，未发现珍稀或濒危野生动植物分布，也不处于主要地质灾害危险点（区），因此。渣场选址基本合理.弃渣场位置如图theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 3.1.4施工场地布置施工场地均布置在坝址左岸上下游，施工交通方便；所临时占用的土地主要为较为平坦的山坡地，场地开挖量较少，不会形成开挖高边坡，周围附近无村民居住区和饮用水源取水口等敏感目标，也未发现珍稀或濒危野生动植物分布；临时生活区离噪声较高的施工辅助企业有较大的距离，噪声较高的木材加工厂与混凝土拌和站相距在500米左右，可避免高噪声合成对施工人员身心健康的影响。因此施工场地布置合理。总的来讲，项目选址虽然会对当地环境造成一定影响，但有些是暂时的，有些影响较小，因此项目选址还是较为合理。3.2水库运用方式合理性分析官昌水库正常蓄水位69m，集雨面积312.6Km坝址以上多年平均流量13.88m3/s,属季调节水库。供水保证率为P=97%。根据《宁德市第三水厂给水工程初步设计》，宁德市拟建第三水厂，其规模为10万t/d（1.16m3/s），拟从七都溪官昌水库取水。另海鑫钢铁厂也计划从官昌水库取水，其近期用水量为1.5m3/s，远期用水量为4m3/s。官昌水库下游建有马坂引水，设计灌溉面积2700公顷。引水渠总长28.2Km，其中干渠长度16.2Km，渠首设计流量5m3/s，由于灌溉渠系尚未完全配套，目前马坂引水只能灌溉1093公顷，规划对马坂灌溉区渠系进行整治配套，灌溉规模达到2700公顷，官昌水库需承担2700公顷的灌溉任务。兴建官昌水库，在满足供水、灌溉的前提下，为适应宁德地区发展用电需求，应尽可能的增加发电效益。水库的运行，在五年一遇以下洪水时，溢洪道闸门局部孔（先启孔）开启，保持库水位69m，随着洪水增大，溢洪道闸门其它孔继续开启，直至全开，自然泄洪。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 库区调节也加大了库区水体的更换，但由于库水滞留时间长，对污染物的降解净化作用小，使得库区因水流变缓所造成水体自净能力减弱的影响也大为降低，但水库的运行，保证了下游河段在枯水期流量的操作，对七都镇废水排入河道后的稀释、降解有利。由于官昌水库的调节能力很小，库容系数为5.2%，有足够的水量满足正常蓄水位运行，对河流来水来砂条件改变不大，对生态和环境影响也较小。水库设置足够的泄洪排砂设施，基本保持敞泄，悬移质泥沙大多排出库外，大大减少库内悬移质泥沙淤积，淤在库内的推移质泥沙也是淤在死库容内，因而有利于水库长期保留有效库容，水库能长期使用。总的来讲，官昌电站的运转对环境的影响有利有弊，其中有些不利影响是暂时的，有些不利影响则较小，可通过加强工程方面的保护措施来消除或控制在可允许的范围内。因此官昌水库运转后有利影响大于不利影响，其水库运用方式是合理的。3.3产业政策符合性分析本项目是以供水、灌溉及发电为主水力发电项目，其本身属于清洁能源，是国家鼓励发展的产业。该项目建设符合国家当前产业发展政策要求和福建省水电行业发展规划。该项目开发七都溪较为丰富的水能资源，可为宁德第三水厂提供水源，还可为宁德地区国民经济发展提供廉价、清洁、可再生的能源，同时还可替代相应的火力发电，对减轻环境污染和酸雨等危害将起到较大的作用，从而产生明显的环境效益。该项目建设将提高技术起点，采取各种有效措施，合理利用自然资源，防治环境污染和生态破坏，符合国家环保政策要求。3.4项目环境影响因素与主要环境问题分析3.4.1项目开发活动环境影响因素判别方法theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 水库电站等开发项目环境影响特点是范围广泛、因素复杂、性质多样，影响长远。就项目环境影响性质而言，包括有利与不利、直接与间接、长期与短期、显见与潜在、间歇与连续、可恢复与不可逆、重大与轻微等影响。项目对环境影响因素之间特征差异无法用统一量纲衡量和比较，且一些影响因素和环境要素所处状态无法用定量表达或一时难以定量分析。但是，项目所在区位环境是由目前能认识到的自然和社会环境诸要素组成的总体，因而可作多种形式的分解。环境要素之间相对重要性是可比较的；各环境要素影响程度（即广度和深度等的综合）是可量级的；由各环境要素权重值及其影响程度值合成计算而得的环境影响效应值之间相对尺度也是可比较的。环境要素权重值只取决于其在项目所在区位生态系统中的现状、地位、意义和作用，即其对环境总体或对人类生存和发展的重要性，而与项目本身将对其产生影响的状况无关。环境要素影响程度值仅取决于项目本身将对其产生影响的性质、广度、深度和涉及领域。按照系统工程学理论和环境生态学原理，各环境要素相对于环境总体，项目各实施阶段和各工程活动相对于项目整体开发；环境总体影响效应值（正值或负值）为环境有利影响效应值（正值）和不利影响效应值（负值）之和，等于各环境要素影响效应值（正值或负值）之和，也等于项目各实施阶段、各工程活动环境影响效应值（正值或负值）之和；各环境要素影响效应值（正值或负值）可按近似等于该环境要素权重值（正值）与其影响程度值（正值或负值）的乘积来计算。据此，我们课题组采用水库电站等项目开发活动环境影响因素判别方法即“综合评定模型”，具体如下：①环境要素权重及影响程度量级评定规则见表3.1。表3.1环境要素权重及影响程度量级评定规则量级划分⑴级⑵级⑶级⑷级⑸级⑹级⑺级theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 环境要素权重评定赋值6543210含义解释极端重要非常重要强度重要中度重要轻度重要微度重要没有多少意义环境要素影响程度量级划分⑴级⑵级⑶级⑷级⑸级⑹级⑺级⑻级⑼级⑽级⑾级⑿级⒀级评定赋值+6+5+4+3+2+1±0-1-2-3-4-5-6含义解释极端有利非常有利强度有利中度有利轻度有利微度有利没有什么明显影响微度不利轻度不利中度不利强度不利非常不利极端不利为了满足该项目环境影响评价工作的需要，必须在认真调查、充分了解和仔细分析该项目整个开发活动过程各种行动计划及其所在区位整体环境系统各种环境组成现状特征的基础上，按照该项目实施过程的不同阶段，尽量分解和列出该项目开发活动的直接和间接行动以及可能受影响的环境要素（或环境参数），编制该项目各个实施阶段、各类工程活动对各种环境要素的影响矩阵表，明确开发活动与环境要素之间的关系，参照环境要素权重及影响程度量级评定规则，逐一判别该项目各个实施阶段、各类工程活动对各种环境要素的影响效应，并以各种因素环境不利影响效应各自占该项目开发全过程整体活动总体环境不利影响效应的比值大小为依据，确定该项目开发全过程整体活动可能存在的一些主要环境问题。其中，环境要素权重量级是依据该项目所在区域周围和下游有关自然环境特征、环境生态敏感性、环境质量现状、社会经济状况以及国家和地方有关环境法规、政策和标准，结合社会或公众的要求来综合评定；环境要素影响程度量级是依据该项目各个实施阶段、各种工程组成、功能、性质、规模、地点、作业方式、工艺过程、运行特点、能耗物耗状况及其环境影响性质、生态损害特性、环境污染特点和涉及领域、范围来综合评定。②环境总体及各要素影响效应值计算公式见表3.2。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 表3.2环境总体及各要素影响效应值计算公式开发活动(时、空)环境影响程度工程组成(j)(1,…,m)环境要素权重(wi)(i=…n)阶段环境效应(∑i)(i=1…n)其中实施阶段(k)(1,…,o)项目环境总效应(∑ik)(k=…o)其中有利效应(Fi)不利效应(Ui)有利效应(Fik)不利效应(Uik)环境要素(i)(1,……,n)AijWi∑AjWi∑Fj∑UjEjk∑Ejk∑Fjk∑Ujk阶段工程效应(∑j)∑AiWi/∑AijWi//Eik///其中有利效应(Fj)∑Fi//∑Fij/////不利效应(Uj)∑Ui///∑Uij////项目开发总效应(∑jk)∑Eik/////∑Eijk//其中有利效应(Fjk)∑Fik//////∑Fijk/不利效应(Ujk)∑Uik///////∑Uijk在表3.2中，n为环境要素个数，m为项目开发工程组成个数，o为项目开发实施阶段个数；Wi为第i个环境要素权重值（正值），Aij为第j个工程组成对第i个环境要素影响程度（正值或负值），AijWi为第j个工程组成对第i个环境要素影响效应值（正值或负值），即等于环境要素影响程度（正值或负值）与环境要素权重值（正值）的乘积，∑为数学加减运算求和；E为第k个实施阶段各个工程组成对各个环境要素影响效应值（正值或负值）。F为环境有利影响效应值（正值），U为环境不利影响效应值（负值），环境总体影响效应值T（正值或负值）等于F（正值）与U（负值）之和。若T＞0，则环境有利影响大于不利影响；若T＜0，则环境有利影响小于不利影响；若T≈theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 0，则环境有利影响与不利影响基本相抵。为了使环境不利影响得到有效控制，从而促使环境有利影响得到充分发挥，必须把环境总体影响效应值按照项目开发全过程整体活动各个实施阶段、各个工程组成和各个环境要素分解成环境有利影响效应值（正值）与环境不利影响效应值（负值）两大部分，以便对不利影响采取相应对策和得力措施，予以减缓或避免。各个环境要素、各个工程组成和各个实施阶段的不利影响效应值分别占项目开发全过程整体活动的环境不利影响总效应值之比值为各自不利影响贡献率（%）。不利影响贡献率高的因素即为项目开发活动的主要环境问题。3.4.2项目开发活动主要环境问题判断分析根据上述环境影响因素判别方法——“综合评定模型”，逐一判别该项目施工期和运行期各类工程活动对各种环境要素的影响效应，其判别结果分别见表3.3和表3.4。该项目开发全过程整体活动对环境的影响总效应及其对主要环境要素的不利影响效应统计结果分别见表3.5和表3.6。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 表3.3施工期工程活动对环境要素的影响效应工程活动主体工程(包括库坝、厂房、配房和围堰导流等)辅助工程(临时公路、工房、住房和辅助作业等)弃渣工程(包括剩余土石和围堰拆除弃碴)山石工程(旧采石场、原有便道、基岩全裸)河砂工程(包括卵砾碎石料和沙料)各种环境要素权重环境要素影响效应其中有利影响效应其中不利影响效应环境影响主要影响方式程度主要影响方式程度主要影响方式程度主要影响方式程度主要影响方式程度地表水源泥土松散、掉落(悬浮物)-2生产废水、生活废水-3水土流失(悬浮物)-1基岩全裸、水土流失不明显-0泥沙松散、掉落(悬浮物)-15-350-35水生生态损害水质、危及生境-1损害水质、危及生境-1损害水质、危及生境-1没有明显不利影响-0损害水质、危及生境-15-200-20陆生生态清除植被、扰动土地-1清除植被、扰动土地-2清除植被、扰动土地-2基岩全裸、无明显不利影响-0没有任何影响04-200-20水土保持清除植被、扰动土地-1清除植被、扰动土地-2清除植被、扰动土地-4基岩全裸、无表层剥离土-0没有任何影响04-280-28地貌景观施工破坏自然景观-1施工破坏自然景观-1施工破坏自然景观-1没有明显不利影响-0没有明显不利影响-01-30-3环境空气生产废气、扬尘-1生产废气、扬尘、油烟-1生产废气、扬尘-1没有明显不利影响-0没有明显不利影响-01-30-3环境噪声机械、运输、爆破噪声-3机械、加工、运输噪声-1机械噪声、运输噪声-1爆破噪声、运输噪声-1机械噪声、运输噪声-12-140-14环境固废建筑垃圾-2建筑垃圾、生活垃圾-1没有明显不利影响-0没有明显不利影响-0没有明显不利影响-01-30-3theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 人群健康扬尘污染、疾病传染-1(假设)扬尘污染、疾病传染-2(假设)没有明显不利影响-0没有明显不利影响-0没有明显不利影响-05-150-15移民环境拟建厂址共354人-1没有任何影响0没有任何影响0没有任何影响0没有任何影响05-50-5公路运输隔断公路、临时公路-3+2没有明显不利影响-0没有明显不利影响-0没有明显不利影响-0没有任何影响02-2+4-6通讯输电线路拆迁与改建-2+1没有任何影响0没有任何影响0没有任何影响0没有任何影响02-2+2-4村野排涝合理围堰影响甚微-0没有什么影响0没有明显不利影响-0没有任何影响0没有明显不利影响01-00-0环境风险燃爆、工伤、漏油有防-1(假设)安全防护、消除隐患-0安全防护、消除隐患-0安全防护、消除隐患-0安全防护、消除隐患-01-10-1社会经济增加就业、促进发展+3增加就业、促进消费+2增加就业、促进消费+1增加就业、促进消费+1增加就业、促进消费+16+48+480财政收入各种税收+2各种税收+1税收甚少+0税收甚少+0税收甚少+06+18+180综合效应/-18/-33/-32/+4/-6/-85//有利/+36/+18/+6/+6/+6//+72/不利/-54/-51/-38/-2/-12///-157theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 表3.4运行期工程活动对环境要素的影响效应工程活动水坝截流（低水位闸、日调节库、低水头河床式电站）库区蓄水及淹没土地（在库底有清理的情况下）周期蓄泄（蓄枯泄丰、停电发电）营业活动（电力生产、职工生活）占用土地（永久建筑、临时建筑）各种环境要素权重环境要素影响效应其中有利影响效应其中不利影响效应流域中各区域环境影响主要影响方式程度主要影响方式程度主要影响方式程度主要影响方式程度主要影响方式程度水库区域之上游鱼类生态阻隔鱼类回游通道-3没有明显不利影响-0没有明显不利影响-0没有任何影响0没有任何影响05-150-15经济发展没有任何影响0没有任何影响0没有任何影响0增加供电、减少基荷时停电+3没有任何影响05+15+150水局地气候没有多少影响0水库不大、变化很微+0没有多少影响0没有多少影响0没有多少影响01+010theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 库及库theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 周诱发地震水坝甚低、地质稳定-0库容甚小，地质稳定-0库水重力变动甚微-0没有任何影响0没有任何影响01-00-1水库渗漏绕坝渗漏、防渗处理-2+2不易形成向库外渗漏通道-1没有什么影响0没有任何影响0没有任何影响04-40-12岸坡失稳库水位、水量变动-2土体浸软、力学性能变化-3库水位、水量变动-1没有任何影响0没有多少影响-04-240-24矿产资源没有什么影响0没有多少影响-0没有什么影响0没有任何影响0没有多少影响-04-00-0库水环境水文改变、泥沙拦蓄-3水文、水性改变、初期产污-4水文情势改变-1生产废水、生活废水-1没有多少影响-04-360-36用地变更永久占地甚微-0陆地减少、湿地增加-1+2没有多少影响0没有多少影响-0临时毁地、永久占地-23-3+6-9陆生生态没有多少影响0陆生生物生境缩小-1没有多少影响0没有多少影响0环境绿化、植被修复+24+4+8-4水土保持没有任何影响0没有多少影响-0没有多少影响-0没有多少影响-0水土保持设施建立+64+24+240地貌景观没有多少影响0山水辉映显、漂流旅游丧失+1-1没有多少影响0没有多少影响0永久地增景、临时占地损景+1-110+2-2鱼类生态阻隔鱼类回游通道-3饵料增殖、鱼种组成简单化+2-3没有多少影响-0没有多少影响-0没有多少影响-05-20+10-30消落带生态没有多少影响0没有多少影响0没有多少影响0没有多少影响0没有多少影响02000富营养化拦蓄营养物质-1增生营养物质-1没有多少影响0排放营养物质-1没有多少影响05-150-15环境空气没有任何影响0没有多少影响-0没有多少影响-0油烟等环境不利影响甚微-0没有多少影响-01-00-0环境噪声没有任何影响0没有任何影响0没有多少影响-0设备噪声等不利影响很小-0没有任何影响02-00-0环境固废拦截漂浮物渣很少-0没有任何影响0没有任何影响0生活垃圾-1没有任何影响01-100-10人群健康没有任何影响0自然疫源性疾病、虫媒传病-2(假设)没有明显不利影响-0没有明显不利影响-0没有任何影响05-100-10村民渡河大坝上建交通桥+4没有任何影响0没有任何影响0没有任何影响0没有任何影响01+4+40公路运输没有任何影响0路基失稳、路基有加固护砌-2+3路基失稳、路基加固-1+2没有多少影响0没有多少影响05+10+25-15村野排涝设计限制回洪水位-0淹没、淤积提高地下水位-1没有任何影响0没有任何影响0没有任何影响01-10-1电力供应可发挥水资源优势+5拦蓄平水期、枯水期径流+4可实现水力发电+5电力生产与供应+6提供发电必要条件+55+125+1250theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 清洁能源可促进潜力发挥+4可增加潜力发挥+3可实现潜力发挥+4清洁能源生产与供应+5提供挖掘清洁能源必要条件+45+100+1000劳动就业大坝观测就业消费+1库体监测就业和消费+1库容调度就业消费+1产供销电直接与间接就业+6提供就业与消费场所+16+60+600渔业保护拦蓄饵料、扩充生境+1促进饵料增殖+1更换饵料条件+1提供放流鱼苗资金+5没有多少影响05+40+400财政收入各种税收+1各种税收+1各种税收+1各种税收+6各种税收+16+60+600环境风险坝存在不确定因素-5(假设)小孩溺水要防范、消除隐患-0几乎没有不利影响-0安全防护、消除隐患-0没有任何影响-05-250-25水库区域之下跌水段环境跌水段形成条件-1增加枯水期水量+1断流与猛涨、水流突变-2没有任何影响0没有任何影响03-6+3-9theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 游地表水源水文、泥沙改变-1水质改变、增加枯水期水量-2+1水文情势改变-2生产废水、生活废水-1没有多少影响-05-25+5-30河道冲刷切断推移质沙源-2悬移质泥沙排泄量减少-1冲刷能力增强-1没有任何影响0没有多少影响-03-120-12鱼类生态阻隔鱼类回游通道-3流态稳、饵料增、鱼种少+1-2部分鱼苗气泡病亡-1没有多少影响-0没有多少影响-05-25+5-30农田灌溉没有什么影响0没有什么影响+0没有什么影响-0没有任何影响0没有任何影响02505防洪排涝防洪库容形成条件+2防洪库容不大+2防洪调度、枯水排涝+2没有任何影响0没有任何影响04+24+240经济发展没有任何影响0枯水期水量增加、水质改善+1没有任何影响0增加供电、减少基荷网停电+6没有任何影响05+35+350综合效应综合效应/-25/+16/+43/+207/+83/+324//有利有利/+92/+120/+80/+222/+90//+604/不利不利/-117/-104/-37/-15/-7///-280theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 表3.5项目开发过程整体活动对环境的影响总效应项目活动效应施工期运行期合计主体工程辅助工程弃渣工程山石工程河砂工程小计水库上游库区库周水库下游小计环境总体有利+36+18+6+6+6+72+15+497+92+604+676不利-54-51-38-2-12-157-15-184-81-280-437综合-18-33-32+4-6-85±0+313+11+324+239表3.6项目开发过程整体活动对主要环境要素的不利影响效应项目活动不利效应主要环境要素施工期运行期合计主体工程不利辅助工程不利弃渣工程不利山石工程不利河砂工程不利不利效应小计水库上游不利库区库周不利水库下游不利不利效应小计不利影响效应水环境及饮水源-10-15-5-0-5-350-36-51-87-122环境生态水生生态-5-5-5-0-5-20-15-45-30-90-110陆生生态-4-8-8-00-200-130-13-33水土保持-4-8-16-00-280-00-0-28村庄居民环境噪声-6-2-2-2-2-140-00-0-14移民环境-50000-50000-5人群健康-5-10-0-0-0-150-10+0-10-25环境地质水库渗漏0000000-120-12-12岸坡失稳-0-0-00-0-00-24-0-24-24环境风险垮坝风险0000000-250-25-25其他风险-1-0-0-0-0-10-00-0-1其余诸环境要素-14-3-2-0-0-19-0-19-0-19-38不利影响效应统计-54-51-38-2-12-157-15-184-81-280-437备注⑴水环境包括库水环境、跌水段环境、饮水源环境及其水文、水质、环境容量、泥沙冲淤、河道冲刷。⑵水生生态包括库区（含消落带和富营养化生境）及其上、下游鱼类等水生生物和生境。⑶陆生生态包括库区周围植被、动植物生境和用地变更。⑷其余诸环境要素是指除本表中详列外的其他众多自然和社会环境。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 从表3.3和表3.4中可知，该水电站项目开发施工期和运行期对自然环境和社会环境的影响是广泛且长远的，有利影响和不利影响并存，利弊交织。在诸多显见的环境影响因素中，有直接和间接的、有长期和短期的、有可恢复和不可逆的、有较大和较小的。对于不利环境影响因素，在采取相应对策和得力措施后，大多可得到有效控制或减免，使其减小到最低程度。这里必须指出，该水电站项目开发可能还存在目前尚未被认识或潜在的生态影响与环境问题，对此应坚持经常调查、长期监测、深化认识、动态管理和及时补救。从表3.3、表3.4和表3.5中可知，该水电站项目开发全过程整体活动对自然环境和社会环境的影响总体效应是利大于弊，主要是项目建成投产后运行期能产生显著的经济效益和社会效益，同时也会产生一定的环境效益和生态效益。但该水电站项目开发施工期工程建设活动对环境的影响效应却主要是不利影响，而且运行期工程生产活动对环境的不利影响效应也是明显存在的，应引起高度注意和足够重视。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 从表3.3、表3.4和表3.6中可知，该水电站项目开发全过程整体活动对环境要素的不利影响效应最主要是水环境和生态影响问题，特别是对生活饮用水地表水源保护区和鱼类等河流水生生态的影响问题相对更为突出，两者不利影响贡献率共为53.09%；其次是对陆域环境生态包括陆生生态和施工期水土保持的不利影响效应，其不利影响贡献率共为13.96%。；再次是运行期对环境地质影响问题，主要表现在可能引发水库两侧河道边坡失稳，水库渗漏而带来的生态环境影响问题，其不利影响贡献率共为8.24%；并且对环境风险（主要为运行期库坝安全事故）和人群健康也存在不确定性的假设影响问题，两者各自假设不利影响贡献率分别为5.95%和5.72%。该水电站项目开发全过程整体活动对环境噪声影响虽然不是主要问题，其不利影响贡献率仅为3.20%，但施工期在大板村扰民问题也应予以注意，施工噪声很直观，尤其爆破噪声直接影响人的工作、学习、休息和情绪。由于该水电站水库淹没涉及到移民问题，项目开发在拟建厂址354人需要拆迁，移民环境影响较大，其不利影响贡献率仅为11.44%，而且经现场访问调查，这些移民乐意搬迁。该水电站项目开发全过程整体活动对上述环境要素的不利影响贡献率合计数达91.30%，其中对地表水环境和环境生态的不利影响问题更为突出；而对其他众多环境要素的各自不利影响效应甚小，其不利影响贡献率共计仅为8.70%。因此，该项目开发单位在搞好各项环境保护工作的同时，应特别关注和解决好上述主要环境问题。由表3.5和表3.6还可以看出，该水电站项目开发施工期和运行期对环境的不利影响贡献率分别为35.93%和64.07%。施工期对项目所在区域环境的不利影响效应主要来源于主体工程、辅助工程和弃碴工程的作业活动，而山石料开采和河沙料开采（含卵砾碎石料开采）的作业活动对项目所在区域环境的不利影响效应却相对较轻；运行期对项目水库所在流域上游、中游、下游环境都有不同强度的不利影响效应，但对环境的不利影响效应最强的是库区库周区位，其次是水库下游区位，而对水库上游区位环境的不利影响效应却相对较轻。3.5项目环境污染源强与污染防治措施分析3.5.1水污染源及其对策3.5.1.1施工期水污染源及其对策（1）施工生活污水该水电站项目开发施工期长达36个月（3年），施工高峰期人数约达380人。施工生活污水包括施工人员粪便污水、淋浴污水、洗涤污水和食堂污水等，主要含有CODcr、BOD5、SS、氨氮（NH3-N）、磷酸盐和动植物油等污染物。按人均用水量为200公斤/人·日计，则施工高峰期生活用水量为76吨/日。按排水系数为80%和生活污水污染物浓度CODcr为400mg/l、BOD5为200mg/l、SS为220mg/l、氨氮（NH3-N）为40theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 mg/l、总氮（N）为60mg/l、总磷（P）为2.5mg/l计，则施工高峰期生活污水排放量为56吨/日，其污染物产生量CODcr为24.3公斤/日、BOD5为12.16公斤/日、SS为13.38公斤/日、氨氮（NH3-N）为2.44公斤/日、总氮（N）为3.65公斤/日、总磷（P）为0.16公斤/日。因此，应设置食堂污水隔油池、粪便污水化粪池和地埋式微动力污水处理装置，对生活污水进行处理达标后排放。粪便也可供当地作为果树和农作物的有机肥料。（2）施工作业废水该水电站项目开发施工期生产废水包括砂石料冲洗废水、混凝土搅拌系统冲洗废水、工程汽车冲洗废水和机械修配清洗废水等，其中以砂石料冲洗废水排放量为最多。根据水电站建设施工有关资料分析，该水电站项目开发施工期砂石料冲洗废水最大产生量约为60吨/时，若未经处理而直接排放，则泥沙最大含量可达7125mg/l,其中SS浓度约为7125mg/l，故不能直接排放，需经沉砂池沉淀处理后进行清水回用；混凝土搅拌系统冲洗废水最大产生量约为4.8吨/小时，主要含有泥沙和水泥等污染物，其SS浓度约为712mg/l，不宜直接排入河流中，应根据其废水量设置相应的沉砂池处理后回收作为冲洗之用；各类施工车辆包括自卸汽车、载重汽车和混凝土运输汽车等估计共有25辆左右，按每日80%的汽车需冲洗一次和每辆汽车每次产生冲洗废水量0.6吨计，则工程汽车冲洗废水最大产生量约为2。4吨/日，主要含有泥沙和石油类等污染物，其SS浓度约为2000mg/l，石油类浓度约为100mg/l，应设置隔油池和沉砂池处理达标后排放；机械修配清洗废水最大产生量约为14吨/小时，主要含有石油类和碱性物质等污染物，其石油类浓度约为100mg/l，需经隔油池及中和沉砂池处理达标后排放。（3）施工散落泥沙theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 该水电站项目开发施工期河床沙砾石料水下开采作业和围堰导流施工土石填筑作业中将会有少量泥沙和土粒散落入河，从而引起河水SS浓度的增加。每次作业过程中泥沙散落量约占沙料开采量或土料填筑量的5~10%。根据该水电站工程地质勘察资料，围堰导流施工土石填筑作业对河流水质的不利影响将比河床沙砾石料水下开采作业更严重。同时，由于沙滩的挖掘和土石的填筑，将在一定程度上改变河床底质和水文状况。此外，施工船只也会产生一定量含有石油类的污水，每艘小型机动船所产生的舱底含油污水量约为0.1吨/日。建议采用先进的施工工艺设备，严格按照操作程序作业，努力减少泥沙散落入河，并在船只内安装油水分离器，处理舱底含油污水。3.5.1.2运行期水污染源及其对策（1）生产管理活动产生水污染物该水电站运行期大坝和厂区实行因岗设人管理制度，日常值班工作人员总共不会超过10人。按人员人均用水量为200公斤/人·日、排水系数为80%和生活污水污染物浓度CODcr为400mg/l、BOD5为200mg/l、SS为220mg/l、氨氮（NH3-N）为40mg/l、总氮（N）为60mg/l、总磷（P）为2.5mg/l计，则运行期大坝连厂区生活用水量不会超过2吨/日，生活污水排放量不会超过1.6吨/日，其污染物产生量CODcr不会超过0.64公斤/日、BOD5不会超过0.32公斤/日、SS不会超过0.352公斤/日、氨氮（NH3-N）不会超过0.064公斤/日、总氮（N）不会超过0.096公斤/日、总磷（P）不会超过0.004公斤/日。则排入水库的生活污水最大流量为0.000037m3/s（即0.133吨/小时），其污染物最大排放源强CODcr为0.0148g/s、BOD5为0.0074g/s、SS为0.0081g/s、氨氮（NH3-N）为0.0015g/s、总氮（N）为0.0022theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 g/s、总磷（P）为0.0001g/s。虽然运行期大坝连厂区生活污水污染物产生量很少，但含有大量的粪大肠菌群。电站发电过程一般不产生生产废水，电站检修时仅会产生少量含石油类的生产废水。但电站仍应配备油水分离器，对其检修废水进行油水分离处理达标后排放，并对油罐和油处理室等严加防范，坚决杜绝机油泄露入河；厂房日常值班工作人员少量粪便污水也应经化粪池处理，并再经微动力污水处理装置进一步处理达标后排放。（2）水库蓄水初期释放水污染物水库蓄水初期被淹没的植被和土壤会释放出有机物和营养物等有害物质，将引起水库水质下降。当水库正常蓄水位时，淹没土地总面积为1.49平方公里，其中陆域面积42公顷，水域面积107公顷。在将淹没的陆域面积42公顷中，除了果竹面积2公顷外，其余95.24%的面积均为荒坡稀灌杂草植被。荒坡稀灌杂草植被是以草丛植被为主，约占90%左右。将被淹没的植被是清库后留下的植物地下部生物量（根系和茎头）；将被淹没的植物地下部生物量干重约为139吨。有关资料表明，每克干重植被生物量产生的高锰酸盐指数为92.5毫克；氮和磷分别约占植被生物量干重的0.50%和0.10%；植被生物量约8个月可基本释放完毕。因此，该水库蓄水初期被淹没的植被平均每日释放的高锰酸盐指数、总氮（N）和总磷（P）分别为53.573公斤/日、2.896公斤/日和0.579公斤/日。将被淹没的土壤均为低山坡地红壤，表层（0~16厘米）土壤有机质和全氮、全磷含量分别为2.06%和0.094%、0.018%，而速效磷仅为0.5毫克/公斤；将被淹没的表层土壤总量约有9.072万吨，其中土壤有机质和全氮、全磷总量分别为1868.8吨和85.3吨、16.6吨。据有关资料估算，土壤有机质和全氮、全磷年最大释放率分别约为4.0%和3.0%、1.0%；每克土壤有机质产生的高锰酸盐指数为654毫克。因此，该水库蓄水初期被淹没的表层土壤平均每日释放的高锰酸盐指数、总氮（N）和总磷（P）分别为133.939公斤/日、7.011公斤/日和0.455theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 公斤/日。故在认真进行库盆清理的前提下，按上述两种来源计，该水库蓄水初期被淹没的植被和土壤两者所释放的高锰酸盐指数、总氮（N）和总磷（P）分别为187.512公斤/日、9.907公斤/日和1.034公斤/日。若不进行库盆清理，则该水库蓄水初期被淹没的植被和土壤两者所释放的有机物和营养物等有害物质将会更多。因此，在该水库蓄水前一年应严格按照《水电工程水库淹没处理规划设计规范》（DL/T5064-1996）等有关规定对水库盆底进行彻底清理，即对库区杂草、树木、枝叶、粪坑、垃圾、杂物以及构筑物等进行清除外运处理，构筑物和草木残留高度分别不得高出地面0.5米和0.3米，尽可能做到平齐地面砍伐草木；对可能有感染性和传染性的污染物必须在地方卫生防疫部门指导下进行卫生防疫专门清理，就地消毒净化，严格处理处置、严防扩散。库区全部清理工作应在水库蓄水前3个月完成，并报请验收。经验收认可后方能下闸蓄水发电。（3）水库底泥淤积释放水污染物该电站水库大坝建成后，由于大坝拦河截流、库区河段水面扩大，库区河水流速减小，库盆蓄水沉沙、水库底泥淤积，加上水生生物富集作用，使水库底泥中有机物和营养物等污染物逐步累积。在水库运行中后期，当水库底泥表层液相污染物浓度大于底泥表层界面库水污染物浓度时，水库底泥将释放出有机物和营养物等有害物质，从而将引起水库水质下降。对此，可采用水生生态控制技术如非投饵合理放流鱼类，对库区水体进行净化，以控制水库富营养化倾向和改善水质。3.5.2大气污染源及其对策theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 该水电站项目开发施工期对环境空气的不利影响主要表现在施工粉尘，主要来源于各种施工作业过程中产生的扬尘和逸散尘。施工粉尘可使周围空气中TSP浓度明显升高的影响范围一般为50~100米。职工生活燃料采用液化气等清洁燃料，燃烧废气污染物浓度很低、数量很少。此外，施工期还有各种燃油机械设备运转和采石炸药爆破作业产生的含有少量烟尘、NO2、CO、THC（烃类）等污染物废气以及施工人员食堂油烟废气。施工废气对当地环境不利影响相对较小，但也应予以防治。建议采用先进的施工技术设备和清洁燃油，并尽可能选择天气条件适宜的时节施工，努力采取防尘抑尘措施和食堂油烟净化设施。该水电站项目开发运行期没有生产废气产生；职工生活燃料采用液化气等清洁燃料，燃烧废气污染物浓度很低、数量很少；职工食堂炒菜烹饪时会产生少量的餐饮油烟，可顺便采用油烟净化设施处理，以保持外观环境清洁。3.5.3噪声污染源及其对策3.5.3.1施工期噪声污染源及其对策该水电站项目开发施工期使用较多的机械设备、运输车辆和爆破器材，施工噪声污染源种类繁杂，主要包括砂石料加工系统噪声、机械噪声、运输噪声和爆破噪声等，其中以坝址右岸厂房整地及引水道开山炸石频繁间歇产生的瞬时强烈爆破噪声对坝址左岸附近的大板村居民和七都镇居民影响为最直观。砂石料加工设备噪声如拌磨机、筛分楼、粗碎机、皮带机、振荡器等噪声一般为94~114dB，其系统合成声压级约为116dB；机械噪声如挖掘机、推土机、搅拌机、潜孔钻、手风钻、卷扬机、灌浆机、打夯机、振动碾等噪声一般为75~115dB，若各种机械噪声源叠加后，其声压级约为120dB；运输噪声如自卸汽车、载重汽车、混凝土运输汽车、农用汽车、拖拉机等噪声一般为70~115dB，属流动噪声源；爆破噪声为瞬时性和间歇性噪声源，声压级高强，传播距离远，一般为130~140dB，若10个炮眼同时爆破，则其合成声压级可达150theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 dB。这些施工噪声对施工场地周围村庄声环境将产生一定的影响，而受施工噪声影响相对较大的是位于拟建水库大坝左岸附近的大板村居民及七都镇居民。因此，应合理安排爆破作业时间，禁止在夜间（22：00至次日6：00）和午间（12：00至14：30）以及小学课节时段进行坝址场地基岩爆破作业。同时应尽量采用低噪声施工技术和设备，加强施工作业管理，确保文明施工，尽最大可能降低施工噪声扰民程度。3.5.3.2运行期噪声污染源及其对策该水电站项目开发运行期噪声污染源主要是主厂房水轮机、发电机运转噪声及其发电泄水噪声以及副厂房离心风机等运转噪声。这些机电设备噪声一般为80~90dB，虽经厂房隔声，但各种噪声源叠加后，仍有可能对位于库坝厂房左岸附近的大板村居民及产生一定的影响。故应尽量选用低噪声机电设备，并采取隔振降噪措施。3.5.4固体废物及其对策该水电站项目开发施工期固体废物主要包括施工人员生活垃圾和施工作业固体废物等。施工高峰期人数约达380人。按施工人员人均生活垃圾产生量1.0公斤/人·日计，则施工高峰期日生活垃圾产生量为0.35吨/日，年生活垃圾产生总量为125吨。施工作业固体废物一小部分是少数民房及其附属建筑物拆除过程中产生的建筑垃圾，另一大部分是大坝、厂房及其辅助工程施工作业过程中产生的废弃土石和建筑垃圾以及辅助企业运行作业过程中产生的工业垃圾和废水处理沉渣油渣。对于可资源化利用的生活垃圾、工业垃圾、废弃建材和废弃石油，应予以回收利用或出售；对于生活垃圾，应在各施工区适当部位设置保洁容器进行集中收集，并委托华安县环境卫生管理部门及时清运到城镇生活垃圾卫生填埋场进行处置；对于建筑垃圾、废弃土石、工业垃圾和泥沙沉渣，应运至合理指定地点进行妥善处置；对于少量含有石油类生产废水经隔油池处理产生的极少量废弃油渣属于危险废物，严禁任意抛洒、掩埋或倒入河流等水域中，近期可在适宜地点进行焚烧处理，远期应纳入当地建立的废矿物油收集体系。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 该水电站运行期固体废物主要是职工生活基地生活垃圾和大坝内侧拦污栅前聚集的水库漂浮物。按职工人均生活垃圾产生量1.0公斤/人·日计，日均生活垃圾产生量为0.01吨/日，年生活垃圾产生总量为3.65吨。在坝前聚集的水库漂浮物主要为水库上游带来的植物枯枝落叶及少量生活垃圾。一般情况下水库漂浮物数量不会太多。为了保护水环境质量，保持环境清洁卫生，应对生活基地垃圾及水库漂浮物经常进行集中收集，定期清运，一并纳入城镇生活垃圾卫生填埋场进行处置。3.6项目移民安居乐业与环境保护措施分析该水电站水库淹没涉及到移民问题，项目开发在拟建厂址共354人需要拆迁，移民规模较大。经现场访问调查，这些移民乐意搬迁。该水电站建设拟定占用耕地面积共26.2公顷，其中小溪村：全村现有耕地600公顷，水产淹没耕地5.8公顷，淹没后人均耕地0.53公顷（原先人均0.06公顷）。因荒地较多，为了不影响村民生活，村内调整耕地外，规划修建一条引水渠，开垦水田4公顷，并在荒地种毛竹、油木奈  等经济作物。外洋村：水库淹没区的农民依靠农业种植为生。淹没区周围为高山峡谷，不能开荒造林，缺乏移民安置环境容量 ，水库淹没后剩余的耕地，不足该村村民耕种，属人多耕地少，无法安置移民。外洋村生产安置人口286人（推算至2005年底），采取外迁征地安置。移民安置点规划在七都镇官岐头、小坑里设2个安置区。这2个安置点都在城关附近，采取征用附近水田6.7公顷、改造水田7.3公顷，菜地2公顷。少数经济条件比较好的，愿迁往城关安置。据此，该水电站项目移民安置工作本着“尊重移民意愿，相对集中安置，保持移民原有生产和生活地域不变，方便移民日常生活和劳动生产，改善移民居住条件、提高移民生活水平”theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 的原则，采用就近安置和资金补偿的方法。不容易产生新的植被破坏和水土流失等生态问题。在安置移民过程中应采取如下措施：（1）住宅基建施工时产生的废弃土石和建筑垃圾应按合理指定地点进行妥善处置或填方造地，并应对弃碴场所及时进行植被恢复和水土保持。全部人畜粪便和部分生活垃圾应作为果茶和作物有机肥料使用，对不可利用的生活垃圾应集中收集，定期清运，纳入城镇生活垃圾卫生填埋场进行处置。（2）不得破坏住宅建设区外的植被和土地，住宅基建竣工时必须相应完成如绿化、砌石、筑面等护坡固土及截洪、排水等有关水土保持工作，对住宅地基内侧竖向开挖陡峭坡面应进行砌石护坡和加固防护，以避免发生如崩塌和滑坡等土壤重力侵蚀。（3）严禁在河岸山坡田地上建设畜禽养殖场，不得大量养殖畜禽动物。少量生活污水和养殖废水应经化粪池和沼气池处理后，一并纳入电站在职工发电厂址或职工生活基地设置的微动力污水处理系统再经进一步处理达标后排放。3.7项目需要注意事项与环境保护措施分析3.7.1水环境影响该水电站开发施工期对水环境影响主要是污染影响问题，但运行期对水环境影响主要却是水文改变影响问题，水环境其他所有影响均派生于水文情势的变化。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 该水电站水库由于水库蓄水，库水流速减缓，紊动扩散能力减弱，复氧能力降低，加上库容较小，水环境容量增加有限，且库水滞留时间短，对污染物的降解净化作用小，因而库水及其下泄水污染物浓度可能会有所增加；土地淹没和泥沙淤积也会释放部分污染物；营养物逐渐积聚也会促进藻类增殖和促使富营养化启程。水库建成后，由于大坝截流、水库蓄水而改变河流原有水文、水力学条件和积累水污染物，势必造成该河段及其下游河段水环境质量降低。因此，保证下游河段水质标准，必须高度重视强化本项目及其流域污染综合防治，努力降低各种污染源强，严格实行污染物排放总量控制，下游水质达标。官昌水库系以供水、灌溉为主兼有发电功能的综合利用水库。本库承担这马坂灌区2700公顷的灌溉任务，还承担着向宁德第三水厂（设计规模10万t/d），及海鑫钢铁厂德供水的任务。为满足2700公顷耕地、10万吨水厂及钢铁厂4m3/s用水要求，官昌水库需要兴利库容2234万m3。。由于水库大坝基本切断推移质沙源和部分拦截悬移质泥沙而在库内淤积，使其下泄水流含沙量减少，致使其坝下河道来沙总量减少，河床和库盆冲淤平衡破坏，冲沙能力增强，从而引起坝下河道和库盆冲刷切深、岸滩边坡冲刷侵蚀，将来可能危及河道两岸边坡稳定。但该水电站水库坝下河道冲刷只是在本水库自身泥沙尚未达到冲淤平衡的年代内发生。由于这种冲刷是逐渐发展的，只要注意加强河道监测，及时采取护岸和加固等相应措施，不致造成严重危害。3.7.2环境生态影响与鱼类资源保护该水电站开发不但工程建设占用、水库蓄水淹没土地资源，导致土地利用变更和生物群落演替，而且在施工过程中，由于地基开挖、料场开采、土石填筑和弃碴堆放，将不可避免地改变地形地貌，破坏植被，扰动原有土体，损坏原有水土保持设施，使土壤松散、搬移、堆填和裸露，容易产生新的水土流失。因此，应采取科学有效的、切实可行的水土保持措施，防治水土流失。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 由于该水电站水库拟建位置，原生植被早已遭受严重破坏，原始森林早已不存在，现存的植被均为次生自然群落和人工营造群落，主要为灌草丛，还有少量果、竹林；陆生脊椎动物以适应农田及灌草丛生活的种类为主；这些陆生动植物属于广布性物种；库区及施工活动区没有地方特有物种分布，也没有珍稀或濒危野生陆生动植物种类分布。因此，该水电站开发对陆生动植物资源的不利影响仅表现在物种分布范围和生境面积有所缩小，但不会造成任何陆生物种灭绝，不存在危及陆生生物多样性问题。一般情况下，对于平原湖泊型和丘陵山塘型水库，因水电工程发电、防洪综合利用需要，每年水库水位通常在非汛期死水位和汛期设计洪水位之间进行周期性涨落，因而这部分水位变幅（位差）范围的库区土地每年都会周期性地出现淹没与出露交替现象，使水库岸线逐年季节性地出现较大面积的消落带土地出露及其生物群落消长更替现象，从而加强水库生态系统生物生产、能量流动和物质循环，促进水库富营养化进程，对水库水质可能产生不利影响。而对于该水电站水库，由于地处山区“V”字型峡谷地带，属于狭长河道型季调节水库，年内水位变幅不大，库区两岸坡度较大，原先河流阶地又不发育，故水库岸坡下仅会形成一个宽度很窄、坡面陡斜、面积甚小的消落区，且处于经常淹没状态或处于短暂出露而遭受库流、库浪冲蚀状态，加上高等植物生长的全盛季节恰好处于高水位淹没时期（汛期），低水位出露时期（非汛期）又正直寒冷季节，因而全年均不利于高等陆生植物和湿生草本植物（水草）的生长，一般只能形成光秃秃的小消落区，难以出现生物群落消长现象。因此，该水电站水库岸坡下形成的小消落区，对水库生态系统生物生产、能量流动和物质循环不会起明显作用，对水库富营养化和水质不会产生明显影响。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 实践证明，筑坝建库蓄水对河流水生生态有很大的改变，特别是对河海性（过河口性）洄游鱼类和江河性（淡水性）洄游鱼类的自然繁殖育苗会产生明显不利影响。该水电站水库建成后，原河段水面扩大，水流减速，部分泥沙沉积，饵料生物增多，致使喜生活于缓流水或静水环境的鱼类成为优势种类，而原先栖息于原河段适应急流水环境生活的鱼类因不能适应这种环境变化而明显减少。该水电站水库建成后，水库营养物逐渐积聚也会促进藻类增殖和促使富营养化启程。该水电站水库建成后，虽然较常泄流放水，不完全阻隔鱼类洄游通道，但截流蓄水将累积改变原有河道水文条件（水流变缓对产漂流性卵的鱼类不利）、累积淹没原有沙滩水草和累积占领鱼类产卵场，累积危及河海性洄游鱼类如与江河性洄游鱼类的自然繁殖育苗，，从而导致全流域水生生物多样性降低。因此，该水电站水库应依法采取事前补偿和事后补救措施，促进河流鱼类资源的自然增殖，保护河流水生生物多样性。近期应依法缴纳足够的河流鱼类资源增殖保护费，以便渔政管理部门采取人工放流鱼苗等补偿措施和采取异地补偿措施，促进自然繁育。此外，场地施工和水库淹没可能将对电力输送等产生一定的不利影响；水库淹没还将改变原有地貌景观；水库淹没和库区淤积提高地下水位和洪水回水位，将对库区村庄和田野防洪、排涝产生一定的不利影响。但是，由于淹没而扩大水面不多，故水库对局地气候影响很小；由于水库建设充分考虑下游区域农田灌溉和农村饮水，故水库对坝下农业生产和农民生活用水不产生影响。3.7.3环境地质影响与岸坡路基防护水库蓄水可能对岸坡路基局部地段产生淹浸软化、水位变化、风浪冲击等影响，加上雨水侵蚀和重力侵蚀，因而可能造成库岸变形坍塌，引起山坡现有不稳定地质体复活或产生新的不稳定地质体，导致岸坡路基发生崩塌、滑坡等失稳现象。对此，该水电站水库必须配套进行岸坡路基加固防护工程建设。水库所在区域地壳处于相对稳定，关于地质灾害评价建设方已委托福建省地质调查研究院作评价；由于水库淹没区及其附近周边无重要矿床分布，故对矿产资源不产生影响。3.7.4水库大坝安全与人群健康保障theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 该水电站开发运行期由于洪水的复杂性、突发性和工程的艰巨性及不确定性因素的存在，因而可能还有水库跨坝风险因素的存在。虽然水库发生突发性跨坝失事的概率很小，但万一发生所造成的生态破坏、生命危害和经济损失之程度是巨大的。因此，水库大坝安全不可忽视。该水电站开发施工期环境污染、人口流动，若未搞好卫生防护工作，可能引发（消化道、呼吸道、虫媒等）传染疾病，将对人群健康产生不利影响；该水电站开发运行期水库饮用水源污染、浅水库区虫媒（雌性按蚊）孳生、水库蓄水野鼠入村，若未搞好卫生防护工作，可能引发（消化道、虫媒、透皮等）传染疾病，将对人群健康产生不利影响；该水电站开发施工期和运行期还存在人群意外伤害风险。该水电站开发对人群健康影响问题存在较大的不确定性，不同于排放污染物毒性较强的工业项目。此外，该水电站在开发建设施工过程中，将临时设置炸药库和储油罐，施工期存在爆炸、火灾和漏油等意外事故风险。因此，要注意消除隐患，采取必要的施工风险防范及应急措施由于该水电站水库跨坝风险和人群健康影响（包括传染疾病和意外伤害）风险以及施工意外事故风险是不确定的，但客观又是可能存在的。该水电站开发施工建设和运行生产虽然不能因为可能的风险而放弃，但必须做到心中有数，对水库跨坝风险和人群健康影响风险以及施工意外事故风险要有防范措施和应急计划。具体内容分别详见后述“环境风险分析”章节和“人群健康影响分析”章节以及“一般环境影响分析”章节中“施工风险防范及应急措施”。3.8项目拟定环境保护措施方案评论针对该水电站开发施工建设和运行生产过程中可能产生的一些环境问题，其《工程可行性研究报告》中提出了一些拟采取相应的对策，theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149 高度关注了尽量减少水库淹没对土地资源占用和重要设施破坏，高度重视了可能遭受本水电项目开发影响的设施迁建补偿和工程防护措施，明确了在水库蓄水前的库底清理措施，同时对施工期废弃土石处置和运行期生产废物处理也有所注意。这对减轻该水电站开发环境不利影响能起到明显的作用。但是，该水电站《工程可行性研究报告》中拟采取的一些环境问题对策还不能满足本水电站开发环境保护工作的需要，其与国家和地方有关建设项目环境保护管理法规和技术规范的要求还存在较大的差距。对于该水电站开发施工期和运行期应进一步采取的环境保护措施及其建议将在本水电站《环境影响报告书》中有关章节详细提出。theirownconditionstodevelopthecorrectroad,themaximumtoavoidinvestmentrisk,gainprofit.(three)vigorouslypromotethebrand.Toestablishbrandawareness,awarenessoftheuseofbrand,brandvalue,brandacquisitionperformance,enhancethecompetitivestrength.Concentratedmanpower,carefulplanning,packagingandpublicityofanumberofunique,marketinfluenceandcoverageofthebrand,theimplementationofkeybreakthroughs,toenhancethecompetitivestrength,walkingbusinessroadthecompetitionofalienationandcharacteristics,thepursuitofstabilityanddevelopmentofthemarket.(four)topromotetheintegrationofresources.Tofurtherbroadentheirhorizons,effectiveintegrationofresourceswithinthegroup,thecityresources,otherindustriesandregionalresources,mutualtrust,mutualbenefit,seekingwin-winprinciple,intheframeworkofnationalpoliciesandregulations,strictinspectionandargumentation,legalconsultation,examinationandapprovalprocedures,strictregulationofeconomicactivities,attractinjectionthesocialinvestmenttotheindustrygroup,toachieveleveragingthedevelopment,ensurethatthevalueofstate-ownedassets.(five)tostrengthentheconstructionmanagementpersonnel.Strengthenthemanagementofeducationandtrainingofcadresandworkersoftheexistingbusiness,firmlyestablishtheconceptofthemarket,enhancethesenseofcrisistoadapttomarketcompetition,thesenseofurgency,improvetheabilitytorespondtomarketcompetition,improvemanagementandoperationofthemarket.Atthesametime,accordingtotheneedofindustrialdevelopment,vigorouslytheintroductionofhigh-qualitymanagementmanagementpersonnel,andstrivetobuildahigh-qualityprofessionalmanagementteam,hardwork,andpromotetheentireworkforceknowledgestructure,agestructure,structureoptimizationandupgradingability,enhancecorecompetitiveness,adapttotheneedofmarketcompetition.(six)seriouslystudythepolicyforpolicy.SeriousresearchaboutsocialsupportthedevelopmentofculturalundertakingsinthecountryandtheXXpolicy,especiallythepolicyofindustrialdevelopment,financialinvestmentpolicy,financialpolicyandtaxpolicy,andactivelyseekpolicy,projectsandfunds,enterpriseandindustrygroupmissiontopromoteleapfrogdevelopment.149'