GBT15757-2002 产品几何量技术规范（GPS） 表面缺陷 术语、定义及参数.pdf

'ICS17.040.20.104荡黔中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T15757-2002eqvISO8785:1998产品几何量技术规范(GPS)表面缺陷术语、定义及参数GeometricalProductSpecifications(GPS)一Surfaceimperfections-Terms,definitionsandparameters2002一07一15发布2003一01一01实施中华人民共和国发布国家质量监督检验检疫总局 GB/T15757-2002前言本标准是根据国际标准ISO8785:1998《产品几何量技术规范(GPS>表面缺陷术语、定义及参数)(1998年版)，对GB/T15757-1995《表面缺陷术语、定义及参数》进行修订，在技术内容上与ISO8785:1998等效，编写规则上与之等同。本标准主要在以下内容修订:—增加了缩孔、(凹面)瓢曲、(凸面)瓢曲定义的相应图示;—对表面缺陷的特性和参数的代号做了改动。本标准与ISO8785的区别:—略去了ISO8785中的导言，与国家标准的编写规则相协调;—略去了ISO8785中的附录B(参考目录)。本标准自实施之日起，同时代替GB/T15757--1995,本标准的附录A是提示的附录。本标准由全国产品尺寸和几何技术规范标准化技术委员会提出并归口。本标准起草单位:中国机械科学研究院、时代集团公司、中国计量科学研究院、北京计量科学研究所、沈阳601所。本标准主要起草人:王欣玲、王忠滨、高思田、吴迅、王肇强、赵有祥 GB/"r15757-2002ISO前言ISO(国际标准化组织)是一个世界范围的国家标准化组织(ISO成员)的联合会，国际标准的制定工作通常由ISO各技术委员会进行。每个成员组织，对某一主题的技术委员会感兴趣，就有权参加该委员会工作，其他与ISO协作的政府间或非政府间的国际组织也可以参加工作。ISO与IEC(国际电工委员会)在所有有关电工技术标准化的内容上进行密切合作。由技术委员会提出的国际标准草案，散发给各成员组织，由各成员组织投票表决，至少需要75%的赞成票才能作为国际标准公布。国际标准ISO8785是由ISO/TC213《产品尺寸和几何技术规范》技术委员会制定的。本标准附录A是提示的附录。 中华人民共和国国家标准产品几何量技术规范(GPS)GB/T15757-2002表面缺陷术语、定义及参数eqvISO8785:1998GeometricalProductSpecifications(GPS)一代替GB/T15757-1995Surfaceimperfections-Terms.definitionsandparameters范围本标准规定了有关表面缺陷的术语，允许表面缺陷的程度及测量表面缺陷方法的技术规范等内容。本标准适用于技术文件、技术图纸和科技出版物等。本标准的定义不涉及表面粗糙度和表面波纹度。本标准没有指出是否要进行表面缺陷的评定，这取决于具体的应用或表面的功能。对于特殊的应用和制造工艺，在必要情况下可附加专用的术语和定义。这些术语和定义将在相关的标准中规定。几种特殊表面缺陷将在其他标准中定义。2一般术语与定义基准面referencesurface用以评定表面缺陷参数的一个几何表面。注1基准面通过除缺陷之外的实际表面的最高点，且与由最小二乘法确定的表面等距。2基准面是在一定的表面区域或表面区域的某有限部分上确定的，这个区域和单个缺陷的尺寸大小有关。该区域的大小须足够用来评定缺陷，同时在评定时能控制表面形状误差的影响3基准面具有几何表面形状，它的方位和实际表面在空间与总的走向相一致2.2表面缺陷评定区域(A)surfaceimperfectionevaluationarea(A)工件实际表面的局部或全部，在该区域上，检验和确定表面缺陷。表面结构surfacetexture出自几何表面的重复或偶然的偏差，这些偏差形成该表面的三维形貌。注:表面结构包括在有限区域上的粗糙度、波纹度、纹理方向、表面缺陷和形状误差2.4表面缺陷(SIM)surfaceimperfection(SIM)在加工、储存或使用期间，非故意或偶然生成的实际表面的单元体、成组的单元体、不规则体注1建议不要将“表面瑕疵”的术语用于本标准定义的表达中。2这些单元体或不规则体的类型，明显区别于构成一个粗糙度表面的那些单元体或不规则体。3在实际表面上存在缺陷并不表示该表面不可用。缺陷的可接受性取决于表面的用途或功能，并由适当的项目来确定，即长度、宽度、深度、高度、单位面积上的缺陷数等中华人民共和国国家质f监督检验检疫总局2002-07-15批准2003一01一01实施 GB/"f15757-20023表面缺陷的特征和参数注:表面上允许的表面缺陷参数和特征的最大值，是一个规定的极限值，零件的表面缺陷不允许超过这个极限值例如:SIM==60式中SIM是表面缺陷数，其定义见3.7条SIM/A=60/1m-zSIM=/A=10/50mm“式中A是表面缺陷评定区域，其定义见2.2条3.1表面缺陷长度(SIM.)surfaceimperfectionlength(SIM)平行于基准面测得的表面缺陷最大尺寸。3.2表面缺陷宽度(SIM=)surfaceimperfectionwidth(SIM=.)平行于基准面且垂直于表面缺陷长度测得的表面缺陷最大尺寸3.3单一表面缺陷深度(SIM,e)singlesurfaceimperfectiondepth(SIM,d)从基准面垂直测得的表面缺陷最大深度。3.3.1混合表面缺陷深度(SIM,d)combinedsurfaceimperfectiondepth(SIM,d)从基准面垂直测得的该基准面和表面缺陷中的最低点之间的距离3.4单一表面缺陷高度(SIM,,)singlesurfaceimperfectionheight(SIM,h)从基准面垂直测得的表面缺陷最大高度。3.4.1混合表面缺陷高度(SIM.,)combinedsurfaceimperfectionheight(SIM,h)从基准面垂直测得的该基准面和表面缺陷中的最高点之间的距离。3.5表面缺陷面积(SIM)surfaceimperfectionarea(SIM)单个表面缺陷投影在基准面上的面积3.6表面缺陷总面积(SIM,)totalsurfaceimperfectionarea(SIMJ在商定的判别极限内，各单个表面缺陷面积之和。注I表面缺陷总面积的计算公式:SIM,=SIM=+SIM,+.0+SIM2使用判别极限时，采用的尺寸判别条件规定了表面缺陷特征的最小尺寸，在确定SIM，和SIM，值时，小于该判别条件的表面缺陷被忽略3.7表面缺陷数(SIM)surfaceimperfectionnumber(SIM=)在商定判别极限范围内，实际表面上的表面缺陷总数。3-8单位面积上表面缺陷数(SIM=/A)numberofsurfaceimperfectionsperunitarea(SIM./A)在给定的评定区域面积A内。表面缺陷的个数4表面缺陷的类型4.1凹缺陷recession向内的缺陷。 Gs/T15757-2002沟槽groove具有一定长度的、底部圆弧形的或平的凹缺陷(见图1)0图14.1.2擦痕scratch形状不规则和没有确定方向的凹缺陷(见图2)0图24.1.3破裂crack由于表面和基体完整性的破损造成具有尖锐底部的条状缺陷(见图3)。图34.1.4毛孔pore尺寸很小、斜壁很陡的孔穴，通常带锐边，孔穴的上边缘不高过基准面的切平面(见图4),图4 Gs/T15757-20024.1.5砂眼blowhole由于杂粒失落、侵蚀或气体影响形成的以单个凹缺陷形式出现的表面缺陷(见图5)0图54.1.6缩孔shrinkagehole铸件、焊缝等在凝固时，由于不均匀收缩所引起的凹缺陷(见图6)0图64.1.7裂缝、缝隙、裂隙fissure,chink,crevice条状凹缺陷，呈尖角形，有很浅的不规则开口(见图7)图74.1.8缺损wane在工件两个表面的相交处呈圆弧状的缺陷(见图8)图8 GB/"r15757-20024.1.9(凹面)甄曲(concave)buckle板材表面由于局部弯曲形成的凹缺陷(见图9).图94.1.10窝陷dent无隆起的凹坑，通常由于压印或打击产生塑性变形而引起的凹缺陷(见图10)图1042凸缺陷raising向外的缺陷。42树瘤wart小尺寸和有限高度的脊状或丘状凸起(见图11).图114.2.2疙疤blister由于表面下层含有气体或液体所形成的局部凸起(见图12).图12 GB/"r15757-20024.2.3(凸面)孤曲(convex)buckle板材表面由于局部弯曲所形成的拱起(见图13).图134.2.4氧化皮scale和基体材料成分不同的表皮层剥落形成局部脱离的小厚度鳞片状凸起(见图14),图144.2.5夹杂物inclusion嵌人工件材料里的杂物(见图15),图154.2.6飞边burr表面周边上尖锐状的凸起，通常在对应的一边出现缺损(见图16),图16 GB/T15757-20024.2.7缝脊flash工件材料的脊状凸起，是由于模铸或模锻等成形加工时材料从模子缝隙挤出，或在电阻焊接两表面(电阻对焊、熔化对焊等)时，在受压面的垂直方向形成(见图17)0图174.2.8附着物deposits堆积在工件上的杂物或另一工件的材料(见图18),图1843混合表面缺陷combinedsurfaceimperfection部分向外和部分向内的表面缺陷。43环形坑crater环形周边隆起、类似火山口的坑，它的周边高出基准面参见4.1.10(见图19).图194.3.2折盛lap微小厚度的蛇状隆起，一般呈皱纹状，是滚压或锻压时的材料被褶皱压向表层所形成(见图20)二仁洲‘菊图20 GB/"r15757-20024.3.3划痕scoring由于外来物移动，划掉或挤压工件表层材料而形成的连续凹凸状缺陷(见图21)图214.3.4切屑残余chiprest由于切屑去除不良引起的带状隆起(见图22).图224区域缺陷、外观缺陷areaimperfections,appearanceimperfections散布在最外层表面上，一般没有尖锐的轮廓，且通常没有实际可测量的深度或高度。4滑痕skidding由于间断性过载在表面上不连续区域出现，如球轴承、滚珠轴承和轴承座圈上形成的雾状表面损伤(见图23)0图234.4.2磨蚀erosion由于物理性破坏或磨损而造成的表面损伤(见图24)0图24 GB/T15757-20024.4.3腐蚀corrosion由于化学性破坏造成的表面损伤(见图25)04.4.4麻点pitting在表面上大面积分布，往往是深的凹点状和小孔状缺陷(见图26)0图264.4.5裂纹crazing表面上呈网状破裂的缺陷(见图27)0图274.4.6斑点、斑纹spot,patch外观与相邻表面不同的区域(见图28)图28 GB/T15757-20024.4.7褪色discoloration表面上脱色或颜色变淡的区域(见图29).图294.4.8条纹streak深度较浅的呈带状的凹陷区域，或表面结构呈异样的区域(见图30)图304.4.9劈裂、鳞片cleavage,flaking局部工件表层部分分离所形成的缺陷(见图31).图31 Gs/T15757-2002附录A(提示的附录)在产品几何技术规范体系中的关系A，关于本标准及其使用的信息本标准规定了表面缺陷的具体类型和参数的定义，为了完整准确的理解本标准，需要涉及表AI中第3到第6环的标准。A2在GPS体系中的位置本标准是一项基础产品几何量技术规范标准，在通用产品几何技术规范体系中，它影响标准链中的第1和第2个链环，见表A1中的“丫”所示A3相关标准与之相关标准是在表A1中指出的标准链。表A1综合的产品几何技术规范模式链环号1z345s公差定实际要素工件偏差产品文件测量器具校准要求要素的几何特性义、理论定的定义特性的评定与公表代码要求测量标准器义和参数值或参数差极限比较1尺寸2距离3半径4角度(以度为单位)5与基准无关的线的形状6与基准有关的线的形状7与基准无关的面的形状8与基准有关的面的形状9方向10位置11圆跳动12全跳动13基准平面14粗糙度轮廓15波纹度轮廓16原始轮廓17表面缺陷丫丫18棱边 Gs/"r15757-2002汉语索引基准面··········································⋯⋯2门(凹面)瓢曲·································⋯⋯4门.9夹杂物···································。···⋯⋯4.2.5凹缺陷··········································⋯⋯4.1L7裂缝、裂隙·································⋯⋯4门.‘疙疤·········。································⋯⋯4.2.2裂纹··········································⋯⋯4.4︺︹︺斑点、斑纹·......................................4.4.6鳞片··········································⋯⋯4.4︺表面结构·····································。·⋯⋯2.3M表面缺陷(SIM)······························⋯⋯2.4月﹃表面缺陷长度(SIM)·····················⋯⋯3.1麻点月毛孔﹃表面缺9,3宽度(SIM=)·····················⋯⋯3.2勺表面缺9,3面积(SIM.)·····················⋯⋯3.5磨蚀L表面缺陷评定区域(A卜····················⋯⋯2.2表面缺陷数(SIM)························⋯⋯3-7劈裂··········································⋯⋯4.4.9表面缺陷总面积(SIM,)··················⋯⋯3.6破裂··········································⋯⋯4.1.3Q擦痕··········································⋯⋯4门.2切屑残余····································⋯⋯4.3.4区域缺陷·······································⋯⋯4.4单位面积上表面缺陷数(SIM./A)······⋯⋯3.8缺损········。·································⋯⋯4.1.8单一表面缺陷高度(SIM=l,)···············⋯⋯3.4单一表面缺陷深度(SIM,,)···············⋯⋯3.3砂眼树瘤飞边···········································。·⋯4.2.6缩孔缝脊·········。································⋯⋯4.2.7缝隙··········································⋯⋯4.1.了条纹··········································⋯⋯4.4.8腐蚀··········。·······························⋯⋯4-4.3(凸面)瓢曲································⋯⋯4.2.3附着物·········································一4.2.8凸缺陷··········································⋯⋯4.2褪色··········································⋯⋯4.4.了沟槽··········································⋯⋯4.1.1H窝陷·······································⋯⋯4.1.10滑痕··········································⋯⋯4.4门外观缺陷·······································⋯⋯4.4划痕···········。······························⋯⋯4.3.3环形坑·······································⋯⋯4.3.1氧化皮·······································⋯⋯4.2.4混合表面缺陷·································⋯⋯4.3混合表面缺陷高度(sIM,h)············⋯⋯3.4.1混合表面缺陷深度(SIM}a)············⋯⋯3.3.1折盛3.212 GB/"r15757-2002英文索引ANareaimperfections,appearanceimperfectionsnumber成surfaceimperfectionsperunit4.4area(SIM./A)3.8Bblister·······································⋯⋯4.2.2pitting····································⋯⋯4.4.4blowhole····························。····⋯⋯4门5pore·····························，········⋯⋯4.1.4burr·················。···.·················⋯⋯4.2.6RCraising·······································⋯⋯4.2chiprest····································⋯⋯4.3.4recession。··················。················⋯⋯4门cleavage,flaking························⋯⋯4.4.9referencesurface。··························⋯⋯2.1combinedsurfaceimperfection·········⋯⋯4.3Scombinedsurfaceimperfectiondepth(SIM}d)scale·······································⋯⋯4.2.4················。··························。⋯3.3.1scoring··································⋯⋯4.3.3combinedsurfaceimperfectionheight(SIM,h)scratch····································⋯⋯4.1.2···························。····。·········⋯⋯3.4.1shrinkagehole···························⋯⋯4.1.6(concave)buckle·····················。··⋯⋯4.1.9singlesurfaceimperfectiondepth(SIM,d)(convex)buckle························⋯⋯4.2.3·············································⋯⋯3.3corrosion·································⋯⋯4.4.3singlesurfaceimperfectionheight(SIM,n)crack·······································⋯⋯4.1.33.4crater·······································⋯⋯4.3门skidding····································⋯⋯4.4.1crazing····································⋯⋯4.4.5spot,patch·································⋯⋯4.4.6Dstreak·······································⋯⋯4.4.8dent································。······⋯⋯4.1门0surfaceimperfectionarea(SIM,)······。··⋯3.5deposits..........................................4.2.8surfaceimperfectionevaluationarea(A)discoloration······························⋯⋯4.4.7·············································⋯⋯2.2Esurfaceimperfectionlength(SIM.)............3.1surfaceimperfectionnumber(SIM.)···⋯⋯3.7erosion····································⋯⋯4.4.2surfaceimperfectionwidth(SIM,V)······⋯⋯3.2Fsurfaceimperfection(SIM)···············⋯⋯2.4fissure,chink,crevice··。···············⋯⋯4.1.7flash...................····················⋯⋯4.2.7surfacetexture······························⋯⋯2.3TGtotalsurfaceimperfectionarea(SIM)⋯⋯3.6...............···················⋯⋯4.1.1groove韶WIwane·······································⋯⋯4.1.8inclusion。································⋯⋯4.2.5wart·······································⋯⋯4.2.1Llap··········································⋯⋯4.3.2'