《兴山旅游文本》英译项目报告--目论视角下旅游文本英译

'Master"sDegreeofTranslationandInterpretingAReportonTranslationofXingshanTourismText——EnglishTranslationofTourismTextfromthePerspectiveofSkoposTheoryGraduateStudent:GanYaniProfessionalField:TranslationandInterpretingSupervisor:Prof.XiaoXiChinaThreeGorgesUniversityYichang,443002,P.R.ChinaMay,2013 三峡大学学位论文独立完成与诚信声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果，除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体均已在文中以明确方式标明，本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。学位论文作者签名：日期： Contents内容摘要....................................................................................................................................ii关键词................................................................................................................................................iiAbstract............................................................................................................................................iiiKeyword.........................................................................................................................................iiiSection1Introduction...................................................................................................................11.1Backgroundoftranslationproject..................................................................................11.2Significanceoftranslationproject..................................................................................11.3Objectivesoftranslationproject.....................................................................................21.4Structureoftranslationproject........................................................................................3Section2TheoreticalBasis..........................................................................................................3Section3FeaturesofTourismText...........................................................................................43.1CharacteristicsoftourismtextinChinese.....................................................................53.2CharacteristicsoftourismtextinEnglish.....................................................................5Section4TechniquesUsedinTourismTextTranslation....................................................64.1Transliteration.....................................................................................................................74.2Literaltranslation...............................................................................................................84.3Combinationoftransliterationandliteraltranslation.................................................84.4Amplification......................................................................................................................84.5Omission............................................................................................................................104.6Annotation.........................................................................................................................104.7Restructuring.....................................................................................................................11Section5Conclusion....................................................................................................................135.1Newfindings.....................................................................................................................135.2Limitationsandsuggestions...........................................................................................13Bibliography...................................................................................................................................15Acknowledgements.......................................................................................................................17Appendix2TranslatedText........................................................................................................33 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文内容摘要本文是一篇翻译项目报告。翻译项目的中文文本由笔者自己搜集湖北省兴山县的旅游资料整理而成，分为兴山概况、昭君文化、民俗风情、资源概况、支柱产业、风景名胜等六个部分，合计1,1992个汉字。实践中，笔者深切认识到：旅游业已成为世界经济发展中势头最强、规模最大的产业之一。推动旅游业的发展，不可或缺的一个环节就是旅游文化的宣传和旅游景点的介绍。而旅游文本的翻译质量直接影响着游客对旅游景点的认识和欣赏，并在一定程度上制约着旅游业的发展，可以说二者相辅相成。本文试图从20世纪70年代德国学者凯瑟琳娜•莱斯(KatharinaReiss)、汉斯•弗美尔(HansVermeer)和贾斯塔•赫利•曼塔莉(JustaHolyManttari)创立的功能派的奠基理论——翻译目的论(Skopostheory)为视角，结合笔者在湖北省兴山县旅游文本的英译中的心得，对汉语旅游文本的英译进行有意义的探索，以寻求对该类型文本翻译的有效途径，实现翻译目的。本报告的主要内容分为五部分，第一部分为引言，主要是对翻译项目的介绍，包括项目的背景、目标、意义等；第二部分为指导笔者翻译实践的关于目的论的理论基础和框架以及笔者以目的论为指导得出的旅游文本英译的启示；第三部分是笔者总结的旅游文本翻译的特点；第四部分为笔者结合此次翻译实践，谈谈翻译中所用到的策略和方法；第五部分为笔者在翻译中得到的经验、教训以及仍待解决的问题。关键词：目的论；旅游文本；英译-ii- 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文AbstractThisisatranslationprojectreportontheEnglishtranslationofXingshantourismtext,whichiscollectedandwrittenbytheauthorherself.TheChinesetextconsistsofsixparts:BriefIntroductiontoXingshan,ZhaojunCulture,FolkCustom,BriefIntroductiontoResources,PillarIndustriesandScenicSpots.Thetotalreaches11,992Chinesecharacters.Withthefurtherdevelopmentofglobalization,tourismhasbecomeoneofthemostpowerfulandmassiveindustriesintheburgeonexpandofglobaleconomy.Thereisnodoubtthataveryimportantparttodeveloptouristindustryistointroduceanddemonstratethescenicspots.However,thetranslationqualitydirectlyinfluenceshowvisitorsthinkaboutthescenicspotsandtheirappreciation.Toacertaindegree,itrestrictsthedevelopmentoftourismindustry.Thatistosay,thetwosupplementandcomplementeachother.Inordertoobtaintheefficientapproachestothetranslationoftourismtextsandtorealizethepurposeoftranslation,thethesisattemptstoresearchonEnglishtranslationoftourismtextfromtheperspectiveoftheSkoposTheoryproposedbyGermanlinguistHansVermeer,KatharinaReissandJustaHolyManttari,combiningwhatthewriterhasgainedfromtheEnglishtranslationofXingshantourismtexts.Themaincontentsofthereportisdividedintosixparts.Thefirstpartisaforeword,whichisanintroductiontothetranslationproject,includingitsbackground,targetandsignificanceandsoon.ThesecondpartismainlyabouttheoreticalbasisandagooddealofenlightenmentthatthewriterobtainsfromtheperspectiveoftheSkoposTheory.Thethirdpartarefeaturesthatthewritersumsupaboutthetranslationoftourismtext.Thefourthpartisaboutthetranslationtechniquesusedbythewriter.Inthefifthpart,thewritersummarizestheexperiencesgainedandunsolvedproblemsinthetranslationproject.Keywords:Englishtranslation;tourismtexts;Skopostheory-iii- 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文AReportonTranslationofXingshanTourismText——EnglishTranslationofTourismTextfromthePerspectiveofSkoposTheorySection1Introduction1.1BackgroundoftranslationprojectWiththerapiddevelopmentofglobalization,tourismhasbeenoneofthemostpowerfulandmassiveindustriesintheburgeonexpandofglobaleconomy.China,whichhasmorethan5,000yearshistory,isacountrywithanancientcivilization.Theancestorsleftusinnumerableculturalheritages.Meantime,Chinahasnotonlyavastterritoryandexquisitenaturalscenerybutalsoadmirablescenicspots.ThescenicspotsandhistoricalsitesattractlargequantitiesofforeignerstotravelinChina.AccordingtotheforecastbyWorldTourismOrganization,Chinawillhavebeenthefirsttouristdestinationandthefourthexportingcountryofvisitorsintheworldby2020.ThenumberofforeignerswhotravelinChinawillbe130,000,000,rankingthefirstintheworld.Inaword,asahotindustryofnewpatternconsumption,touristindustryhasbeenrisingandhasvastpotentialforfuturedevelopment.1.2SignificanceoftranslationprojectUnderthebackgroundoftherisingenthusiasmoftourism,thereisanindispensablelinkoftourismcultureofpublicityandtheintroductionoftouristattractionsinordertopromotethedevelopmentoftouristindustry.Thetranslationoftourismtextistopublicizeandpromotetourismlandscapetooverseasforeigners.Nowadays,therapiddevelopmentmakesthetranslationoftourismtextsmoreandmorevalued.Thequalityoftourismtexts1 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文translationdirectlyinfluencesvisitors’acquisitionandappreciationtoscenicspots.Toacertaindegree,itrestrictsthedevelopmentoftouristindustry.Thatistosay,theysupplementandcomplementeachother.Asacommunicationactivitywithstrongpurpose,tourismtexttranslationcanmaketouristsabroadmoreinterestedandresonatedintravelandobtaintherelevantknowledge,suchasnature,geography,customs,cultureandotheraspects.XingshanCounty，whichisthehometownofWangZhaojun,oneofthefourbeautiesinancientChina,islocatedinthewestofHubeiProvinceandintheThreeGorgesReservoirRegion,adjacenttotheShennongjiaNatureReserve.Itisabundantinnaturalandhumantourismresources.However,touristsabroaddon’tknowaboutitsothatonlyscoresofforeignersvisitthebeautifulplaceeveryyear.TranslatingthetourismtextofthiscountyintoEnglishwillstrengthenpublicitytooverseasandpromotethedevelopmentofitstouristeconomyandexchangesandcooperationwiththeworld.Inpractice,itistobehopedthatthistranslatingactivityandworkswillbeservedasagoodtranslationtextinintroducingXingshanCountyandregardedasaworthytrytoboosttouristindustryofXingshanCounty.1.3ObjectivesoftranslationprojectAtfirst,toseekfortheeffectivewaysandachievetranslationpurpose,thetranslatortriestofullyresearchonEnglishtranslationofChinesetourismtextsfromtheAngleoftheSkoposTheory,combingtheexperienceintranslatingXingShantourismtext.Secondly,reasonabletranslationhelpstopublicizethetourismresourcesofthecounty,promotethedevelopmentofitstouristeconomyandenhancethecooperationwiththeworld,andeventuallyachievethegoalof“tourismstarcountyandwell-knownbothathomeandabroadoftouristdestination”.Thirdly,thetranslatorwouldliketocompletethetranslationtaskundertheguidanceofthetutor,masterthetranslationskillsinpractice,improvethetranslationabilityandpromotetheprofessionaldevelopment.Inaddition,the2 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文translatoralsocollectedmanyexquisitepicturesandmadeabrochurenamedHarmoniousXingshan.1.4StructureoftranslationprojectThestructureofthistranslationprojectisasfollows:Thefirstpartisaforeword,whichisanintroductiontothetranslationproject,includingitsbackground,targetandsignificanceandsoon.ThesecondpartismainlyabouttheoreticalbasisandagooddealofenlightenmentthatthewriterobtainsfromtheperspectiveoftheSkoposTheory.Thethirdpartarefeaturesthatthewritersumsupaboutthetranslationoftourismtext.Thefourthpartisaboutthetranslationtechniquesusedbythewriter.Inthefifthpart,thewritersummarizestheexperiencesgainedduringtranslationandunsolvedproblemsintheproject.Section2TheoreticalBasisSkopostheoryisproposedbyGermanlinguistHansVermeer,KatharinaReissandJustaHolyManttari.Theyholdtheideathattranslatingandinterpretingshouldprimarilytakeintoaccountthefunctionofboththesourceandtargettextandtheyconsidertranslatingisakindofcomplicatedactivitywhichservescertainspecificpurpose.Basedontheaboveideas,theyproposedSkopostheory.Accordingtothetheory,translationisapurposefulcommunicativeaction,andtheSkoposdeterminesthewholetranslationprocedure.Thus,theyhavepraiseddiversificationofthetranslatingstandards,whichincludefunctionalequivalence,skoposrule,coherenceruleandfidelityprinciple,togetherwithotherspecialrulesincertainspecificsituations.Amongtheabovelistedrules,skoposrulehasbeenidentifiedasthefirstrule,aChinesescholar,onceinterpretedtheskoposruleinherbookasfollow:“Skoposschoolfocusnotonequivalenceorequitybetween3 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文sourcetextandtargettext,butemphasizethattheexpectingfunctionofthetargettextshouldbebasedonanalyzingthesourcetextandthetranslatorshouldchoosecorrespondingmethods,whichmeanstranslatorsshouldchoosespecificTranslationmethodsorstrategiesaccordingtospecificpurposes.”(张锦兰，2004)GuidedbytheSkopostheory,thetranslatorhascompletedthetranslationofChinesetourismtext.Whathasbeengainedisnotonlyfurtherunderstandingaboutthenatureofthetranslationoftourismtexts,butalsomoredetailedunderstandingofthetargetlanguagecultureofthecountrythroughmasteringthedifferencesinhistory,cultureandvalues,flexibleuseofvarioustranslationstrategiesandmethodstocompletetheproject.Inthisway,translationhasrealizedtheexpectedfunctionbythestandardinthetargetlanguagecultureandmadevariousfunctionscometrue.Theultimateaimistomaketheaudienceintargetlanguageattractedandinspiredbythetranslation.Theywilltakeconsumeractionfinallysoastopromotethevigorousdevelopmentoftourism.Tosomeextent,thechiefprincipleandonlypurposeofthetranslationoftourismtextsisthatthetranslatorcanconveythefunctionalsignificanceofthesourcetext.Section3FeaturesofTourismTextTourismtextisakindofpublicitymaterial,whichconsistsofintroductionaboutscenicspot,advertisingslogan,bulletin,picturealbumaboutfolkcustomandexplanationabouthistoricalsitesandcouplethungonthecolumnsofahall.Amongthem,introductionaboutscenicspotreflectsthefeaturesoftourismtextmostandiskeyanddifficultpointoftranslation.Tourismtexttranslationisintegratedwithmorethan20kindsoffeatures,suchasscience,art,skills,andaesthetic,withprofessional,scientific,comprehensive,practical,andindustrialsession,professionalism,practicality,serviceandglobal,regional,crosscultureandsoon.Cultureisthecenteroftourismandreflectsitsglamour.Translationoftourismtextmainlyintroducesacountry’suniqueculturetosomedegree,especially4 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文makesthetouristsknowaboutrelevantlocalculture,customsandpractices.It’soneofthepurposesinEnglishtranslationaboutChinesetourismtext.3.1CharacteristicsoftourismtextinChineseChinesetouristadvertisingtextsrevealedChineseculturalbackground,valuesandthinkingmodeintheformofexpressionanditstressestherhetoricmostandfocusonthebalance,especiallyitusesanamountoffour-wordpoemsandparallelisminstyle.Forexample,whendescribingcertainscenicspots,Chinesepeoplewouldliketoquoteliteraryallusion,poeticwordsorfavoritesayingstomakeuporaddatmospheres.Fromtheperspectiveofculturology,ChinesetouristadvertisingtextsdoesembodythecharacteristicsofChineseculture.Inhistory,Chinaisacountrywhichflourishedindifferentperiodandthusitsculturallandscapesarecloselyattachedwithitshistoryincertainperiodandreflectkindofincidentsofthatperiod.Besidehistoricalreason,geographicdifferencesinChinashouldbeconsideredwhenweanalyzetheadvertisingtexts.Asisknowtoall,Chinaisamulti-ethnicgroupcountrywithalonghistoryandthatChina"sethnicgroupslivetogetherovervastareaswhilesomeliveinindividualconcentratedcommunitiesinsmallareasleadstodifferentethnicgroupscultures,whicharepresentedinholdingdifferentfaithandcustoms,speakingdifferentdialectsandbehavingdifferently.Forthevisitors,understandingdifferentkindsofculturesandexperiencingtheexoticamorousfeelingsorculturesareimportantpartsofaestheticsintraveling.TheinformationthatwithintheChinesetouristadvertisingtextsrepresentstheaestheticalpsychologyofChinesepeopleandmostlytheobviouscharacteristicofthiskindofpsychologyistheharmonyofnaturalsceneryandhumanmind.3.2CharacteristicsoftourismtextinEnglishDeeplyinfluencedbywesternphilosophicalthought,Englishtouristadvertisingtextsfocusonstandardformat,positivismandreasoninexpression.Instructure,itstresseson5 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文theintegrityofsentencestructureandlogicalthought,andtheconcisenessofthewordschoosing.Inconclusion,foradirect-viewingeffect,thespiritofconcisenessandaccuracyareimpliedinthetext.(张宁，2000)Section4TechniquesUsedinTourismTextTranslationCultureisattheheartofthetourismandthecharmoftourismactivities.Tosomeextent,thetranslationoftourismtextaimstointroduceuniquecultureofacountrytotheforeignvisitorsandletthemunderstandthelocalcultureandlocalconditionsmeanwhile.AnothervitalpurposeofthetranslationoftourismtextistodisseminateChineseculturetoforeignvisitorsandouterworld,whichwillmakethemgettoknowmoreaboutChina.SosometechniquesoftheEnglishtranslationfortheChineseversionoftourismtextshouldbeadoptedfromtheperspectiveoftheSkoposTheory.Withthelandscapeintroduction,advertisingslogans,Noticesigns,Folkcustomsalbum,monumentscoupletscommentaryincluded,tourismtextisexternalpromotionalmaterials,inwhichlandscapeintroductionhasthetypicalcharacteristicoftourismtextandisthedifficultandimportantparttotranslate.Thequalityoftranslationdirectlyinfluencestheforeigntourists’understandingoftheChinesecultureandthedisseminationofthecountry’suniqueculture.Thereforewehavetoadopttherelativestrategywhiletranslatingtoimprovethequality.Comparedwithothertypesoftranslation,thisversionhasitsownspecialties.Itonlyaimsataddingupsomeinformationtothetouristsandattractthemtotravelhere.Therefore,thetranslatorhasalargedegreeoffreedomshouldn’tadheretotheoriginalformofexpressionwithmechanicaltreatment,orthetextwillbehardtounderstand.Thetranslatorshouldanalyzetheexpectedfunctionandpurposeofthetextandtakethereaders’abilitytoacceptintoconsideration.“TheorientationofthisthesisisChineseculturewhichwiththetranslationversionastheemphasis.”(张宁，2000)Ourmainpurposeinthetexttranslationistopromoteculturalexchangeandletthetourists6 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文understandtheChineseculture.InordertoreservetheinformationofChinesecultureandmakethetranslatedversionloyaltotheoriginalbutnotabsoluterestrictedbytheoriginal,wecouldadoptthestrategiesofAmplification,omission,loantranslation,rewritingandtextintegration,startfromthereaders’pointofview,adjusttheinformationAppropriatelyandmakeiteasytoreadandunderstandthem.4.1TransliterationNamesofscenicspotsarejustlikethefirstscenerytouristscomeintocontactwith.Usuallyagoodtranslationofnamescanattracttouristsandleaveagoodfirstimpressiontotourists.Generallyspeaking,“Thereareonlyseveralmethodsaboutnames’translation,suchasword-for-wordtranslation,liberaltranslation,transliterate,transliterationwithword-for-wordtranslation,literalandtransliteratetranslationetc.”(陈刚,2002)Whentranslatingthenamesofscenicspotsandsomepropernouns,thetranslatoradoptsthefollowingmethods.Thismethodisappliedtotranslatethenamesofadministrativedivisionjustlikecities,towns,countyseats,villagesandhistoricalfigures.e.g.1:宜昌，巴东，兴山，秭归，王昭君，董必武，《茶经》等等。Yichang，Badong，Xingshan，Zigui，WangZhaojun，DongBiwu，ChaJingetc.e.g.2:楠木Becauseit’saspecialandpreciouswoodwhichonlycanbefoundinChina,thereisnorelevantEnglishname.SothetranslatorhastotranslateitintonanmuaccordingtoChinesephoneticalphabet.7 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文e.g.3:风水It’sauniqueculturalphenomenonwhichonlycanbefoundinChina.Asaresult,it’stranslatedintoFengshuiinaccordancewithChinesephoneticalphabet.4.2LiteraltranslationBasedonauthorities,thismethodcompletelyfollowsregulartranslation,keepimagesofresourcetextsandhistoricalandculturalconnotation.e.g.:长江三峡经济开发区，国务院，非物质文化遗产，国家旅游局，卧佛山，鸳鸯石，孔雀谷等等。ThreeGorgesEconomicDevelopmentRegion，StateCouncil，intangibleculturalheritage，NationalTourismBureau，MountSleeping-Buddha，LoveRocks，PeacockValleyetc.4.3Combinationoftransliterationandliteraltranslatione.g.:神农架自然保护区，高岚自然风景区，兴发集团，围鼓，花鼓舞，《兴山县志》，朝天吼漂流，明清时期等等。ShennongjiaNatureReserve，Gaolanscenicarea，XingfaChemicalsGroupCo.,Ltd，Weiguperformance，Huagudance，XingshanJournal，ChaoTianhouRafting，MingandQingDynastyetc.4.4AmplificationWehavetoaddsomeomittedwordsintheoriginalcontentwhichcan’tbeleftoutin8 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文thetranslationoutoftheneedsofsentencestructureandcontextlogicalrelationshiporsentenceconvergence.e.g.1:八段锦以绝壁众多著称，陡峭的壁崖上，或红或黑或灰或白，缤纷灿烂，其中偶尔点缀枯树老枝，葳蕤草木，意趣天然；春天，山花烂漫；秋天，红叶摇拽；而到冬天，这里银装素裹，仿佛冰雕玉凿，透出一种清峻之美。ThemountBaduanjinisknownasplentyofsteepcliffs.Dark-greenplants,rocks,redleavesareontheperpendicularcliff,amongwhicholdbranchesandverdantbranchesarescatteredandseemcolorfulandvivid.OntheMount,flowersareinfullbloominspring,theredleavesaregentlyswayinginautumnandtheridgesaresnow-wrappedinwinter,whichrevealsthebeautyofpurity.WhenItranslatethefollowingsentence:“在绝壁之间，有沟壑，有洞窟，有飞瀑，峡谷幽深，古木参天”,WehavetoaddsomenounsorPronounsassubjectwhiletranslatingandchangeitinto:TheMountisknownasplentyofsteepcliffs,amongwhicharegullies,cavesandwaterfalls.e.g.2:春天，山花烂漫；秋天，红叶摇曳。BothnounsandadjectivescouldbeobjectinChinese,sointhesentence“inspring,flowersareinfullbloom;inautumn,heredleavesaregentlyswaying”,thereisnoverb,wehavetoaddsomeandchangeitinto:Onthemountain,flowersareinfullbloominspring,theredleavesaregentlyswayinginautumnandtheridgesaresnow-wrappedinwinter.9 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文4.5OmissionThepurposeoftheomissionistoensuretheconcisionandrefining.Wecandeletethesophisticatedandkeepthesimplicityfromgrammar,rhetoricandsignificance.e.g.1:兴山县曾经荣获“全国文明县城”、“国家卫生城镇”、“国家园林县城”、“全国绿化模范县”和“中国人居环境范例奖”，是宜居、宜旅、宜业的祥和之地。Whenwetranslatethe“XingshanCounty，awardedthetitlesof“NationalCivilizedCounty”“,NationalSanitationTown”,“NationalGardenCity”,“NationalModelGreenCounty”and“ChinaHabitatEnvironmentPrizeParadigm”,isaharmoniousplacesuitableforliving,tourism,industryandcommerce.,inwhich“harmoniousplacesuitableforliving,tourism,industryandcommerce”hasthePhenomenonofrepeatandisverypopularinChinesetohighlightandenhancetherhythmbutnotnecessaryinEnglishtranslation.e.g.2:这里山势陡峻，奇峰毗连，沟谷深幽，草木繁茂，是无山不奇，无水不活，无峰不秀，无石不异，被人称赞为‘十里画廊’。Duringthetranslation“steeppeaks,deepvalleys,exoticstones,denseforestsandlimpidstreams”,thedescriptionof“Ten-mileGallery”isinordertohighlightthesteepandexoticpeaks.TherearealotphrasesmadeupoffourChinesewordsintheChinesetext,whichcanbeomittedintranslationtomakeitsimpleandeasytounderstand.Soitcanbe“Itisdescribedas“Ten-mileGallery”becauseofitssteeppeaks,deepvalleys,exoticstones,denseforestsandlimpidstreams.”4.6AnnotationBecauseoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenthetwolanguagesandnoequalwordsin10 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文theconversion,annotationcanbeusedtopickuptheslack.e.g.1:相传吕洞宾、韩湘子二仙游了三山五岳、长江洞庭之后，来到风景绝佳的高岚峡谷，二仙贪恋高岚美丽的山水，便在此石柱上小憩。Itissaidthattwoimmortals,LuDongbinandHanXiangzi,whowerefamousimmortalsinChinesefolklegend,camehereaftertravellingacrossthecountry，includingsomewell-knownmountains,suchasMountTai,MountHuaandsoon.Sointhetranslation,thetranslatoradoptnon-restrictiveclausestotheintroductionofthemandaprepositionalphrasestoexplainwell-knownmountains,suchasMountTai,MountHuaandsoon.e.g.2:传说春秋战国时期，孔子周游列国时，自鲁入楚，前往楚国丹阳讲学传道，经过此地，此河便被后人称为孔子河，河两岸的峡谷也就被称为孔子峡。Inthetranslation“ItissaidthatintheSpringandAutumnPeriodandTheWarringStates,ConfuciusmadelecturesandpreacherwhiletravellinginDanyang,Chu(oneoftheWarringStatesintowhichChinawasdividedduringtheEasternZhouperiod,occupyingwhatisnowHubeiandnorthernHunan),whichaccountedfortheSourceofthenameoftheriver,withbothsidesoftheriverbeingcalledConfuciusValley.”,consideringthatforeignvisitorsarenotfamiliarwithChuandChinesecultureandhistory,thetranslatoralsoadoptthestrategyofannotation.4.7RestructuringBecauseofthedifferentreadersofthetranslatedversionandoriginalone,thereaders’differentexpectationandculturalbackground,someinterestinginformationforthedomesticreadersisunnecessarytothereadersoftranslatedonewhilesomesuperficial11 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文informationtodomesticreadersisvitaltothereadersoftranslatedone.Whencomingacrossthisculturaldefault,translatoradoptstheinformationrestructuringaccordingtothedifferenceofthelogicalorderandexpressinghabitsbetweenChineseandEnglish.e.g.1:传说王昭君当年正在楼上作画，看见村中私塾王先生在庭院吟诗：“莺啼绿柳弄春晴，柳弄春晴晓日明。”皱眉捻须，吟不下去，昭君在楼上接着王先生的诗句，高声吟道：“明日晓晴弄春柳，晴春弄柳绿啼莺。”王先生在楼下听见后，如醍醐灌顶，击掌叫绝，十分赞赏昭君姑娘的才华。据说回文诗由此而起。Takethetranslation“Oneday,Zhaojunwaspaintingupstairs,whensheheardtheteacherrecitingapoeminthecourtyard.However,theteachercouldn"tgoahead.Soshecontinuedthepoemwiththeremaininglinesshethought,whichwerewelcomebytheteacherandfollowersasanewstylepoem,palindromepoem,whichcanbereadinbothdirections.”forexample,MrwangandWangZhaojunbothreadthesamepoem,whichseemedcharmingfordomesticreaders.Butbecauseofthedifferenceoflanguagesandculture,itisimpossibletoconveyallthedetailinformationoftheoriginal,whichwillconsequentlycausethelosstheculturalinformation,languagestyle,theaestheticofrhetoricaleffect.Itwillmakeforeignersconfusediftranslationisfinishedreluctantly.Therefore,thisparagraphonlyneedstobedonegenerally.e.g.2:梳妆台为昭君幼年梳妆赏月的地方，在昭君宅门前不远的一个山台上，1979年修复。现在的梳妆台，是一个圆形的高台，四周石廊相连，里面生长着数十棵古朴典雅的柏树，夏日遮阴，冬天避风，是游客小憩或漫步观景的好地方。传说王昭君在此梳头理妆，弹琴唱歌，飞来各种鸟儿跟她作伴。有古诗吟道：“晓日朦胧揽镜妆，上余粉泽水流香。”Whenwedothetranslation“Thisplatformwasrebuiltin1979.It’ssaidthatWangZhaojunusedtodressandplaythezitherhere,whileflyingbirdswereattractedto12 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文accompanyher.Therearesomestonetablesandseatsdistributedincypresswoods.Soit’safavorableplaceforabreakhere.”,withtheflexibilityofthepositionofsomepartsinEnglishsentenceandthedifferenceofwritingstructurebetweentheEnglishandChineseconsidered,thetranslatorsadoptthestrategyofinformationrestructuringtomakeitsuitablefortheforeignvisitors’readinghabitswithoutruiningtheoriginalformwhiledoingthiskindtranslations.Section5Conclusion5.1NewfindingsThroughthistranslationpractice,thetranslatorharvestedquitealot.Firstly,thetheoreticalknowledgeabouttheSkoposTheoryhasbeenconsolidatedandappliedtothetranslationproject.Secondly,thetranslatorsortedoutandtranslatedXingshantourismtexts,strengtheningherardentlovetohometown.Thirdly,thetranslator’svocabularyhasbeenenlarged.Whatisknownisthatatranslatorisrequiredtoincreasehisorhervocabularynotonlyofthetextbookbutalsooftheextra-curricularjournalsinvariousfields.Adequatevocabularyisessentialforaqualifiedtranslatorandisthefoundationforagoodtranslation.Lastly,thetranslatorhasmasteredandputtousesometranslationstrategiesandskills,increasinghercognitionontranslation.Aqualifiedtranslatorshouldshowapositiveattitudetowardstranslationandsticktoitwithmuchpassion,eventhoughmeetinglotsofchallenges.5.2LimitationsandsuggestionsThroughthistranslationpractice,thetranslatorfeelherowntranslationlevelislimited,andstillneedtofurtherstudyandpracticeoftranslationstrategiesandskillssoastoimprovetranslationquality.Forinstance,thetranslatorwilllearnmoreabouthowtotranslatepoemswhichusuallyappearinChinesetourismtexts.Inthemeantime,the13 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文translatoralsorealizesit’snecessarytoexpandvocabularyandspeedupthetranslation.Inbrief,thetranslatorhasadeepunderstandingthattouristindustryhasbeendevelopedquickly,justliketherisingsun.EveryyeartensofthousandsofforeignerscometoChinatoappreciateuniquesceneryandexperienceChineseculture.Tourismtextsbeartheresponsibilityofdisseminatingculture,strengthencommunicationbetweencountriesanddevelopingtourismeconomy.SoitseemstobeabridgeoverChinesecultureandforeigners.We’dbetterregardtranslationasakindofactivitywithsomepurposeandfullyconsiderwhatreadersneed.Theninordertoeffectivelyreachthegoaloftranslationabouttourismtexts,we’dchoosepropertranslationstrategiesandskills,suchasTransliteration,Amplification,AnnotationandInformationRestructuringfromtheAngleoftheSkoposTheory.14 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文Bibliography[1]Bell.Roger,T.TranslationandTranslating:TheoryandPractice.2003.[2]Nord,C.TranslatingasaPurposefulActivity.2001.[3]Vermeer.Hans.AFrameworkforaGeneralTheoryofTranslation.1978.[4]Wilss,W.TheScienceofTranslation:ProblemsandMethods.2001.[5]陈刚.旅游翻译与涉外导游[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2004.[6]陈刚.旅游英汉互译教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2009.[7]陈小慰.翻译功能理论的启示：对某些翻译方法的新思考[J].上海科技翻译,2000，（2）.[8]丁大刚.旅游英语的语言特点与翻译[M].上海：上海交通大学出版社，2008.[9]冯伟年.最新汉英翻译实例评析[M].西安:世界图书出版公司,2005.[10]顾维勇.实用文体翻译[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2007.[11]贾文波.汉英时文翻译[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司，2000.[12]贾文波.应用翻译功能论[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2004.[13]金惠康.跨文化旅游翻译[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2005.[14]罗选民.中华翻译文摘[M].北京：清华大学出版社，2002.[15]陆乃圣.最新英语应用文大全[M].北京:世界图书出版公司,2002.[16]刘瑄传.梦圆宜昌[M].武汉:湖北人民出版社,1998.[17]毛荣贵.英汉翻译技巧示例[M].上海：上海交通大学出版社，2003.[18]平洪.文本功能与翻译策略[J].中国翻译,2002，（5）.[19]屈鹏.走进宜昌游览新三峡导游词[M].北京:中国三峡出版社，2006.[20]司显柱、赵海燕.汉译英教程新编[M].上海:东华大学出版社,2012.[21]魏星.导游翻译语言修炼[M].北京：中国旅游出版社，2004.15 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三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文AcknowledgementsIwouldliketoexpressmysincerethankstoallthepeoplewhohavehelpedmeinthecompletionofthisdissertation.Firstofall,mysinceregratitudeshouldbegiventomysupervisor,ProfessorXiaoXi.Withouthisconsiderateassistanceandthought-provokinginstruction,thisthesiswouldnothavebeenfinishedsmoothly.Second,Isincerelythankthoseprofessorsandteachersintheintellectualfieldofcross-culturalcommunicationfortheirexcellentresearchresultswhichprovidemevaluablereference.Third,IwanttodelivermyheartfeltthankstoallthosewhohavetaughtmeduringmytwoyearsstudyatThreeGorgesUniversity,especiallytoProfessorLiuXuanchuan,ProfessorLinLi,ProfessorHuXiaoqiong,ProfessorXuJiangang,ProfessorLiuPeng,Mr.HeWenjing,Mr.LiuJiangwei,Mr.ChenShujunMr.TianXujun,Mr.WangWen,andMiss.YaoJiaandotherteachers.Atlast,Iwanttoshowmygratefulnesstomyfamilies,whoencouragemetofaceallthechallengesandobstaclesinmylifebravely.Ialsowanttothankmyclassmatesforhelpingmedealwithmydifficultiesinthemajorstudy.17 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文（笔译）Appendix1SourceText兴山旅游文本甘亚妮兴山旅游文本英译目录兴山概况昭君文化民俗风情资源概况1、水利资源2、农业资源3、旅游资源支柱产业1、兴发集团2、天晟光电风景名胜18 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文1、高岚风景区2、朝天吼漂流3、昭君文化旅游区4、其它景区兴山概况兴山县是中国古代四大美女之一、民族和平使者王昭君的故乡，位于湖北省西部，长江西陵峡以北，地处秦巴山区。东临宜昌，西连巴东，南接秭归，北枕神农架，属三峡库区县，国务院确定的长江三峡经济开发区。国土总面积2327平方公里，辖2乡6镇，96个村（社区、居委会），人口18万。2002年10月，县城因三峡工程建设由原高阳镇整体搬迁到古夫镇。兴山县曾经荣获“全国文明县城”、“国家卫生城镇”、“国家园林县城”、“全国绿化模范县”和“中国人居环境范例奖”，是宜居、宜旅、宜业的祥和之地。“十二五”期间，兴山县将以“一区多园”为载体，突出新型工业、特色农业、现代物流、生态旅游四大产业，强力推进“国际知名磷化工基地县、全国生态建设示范县、鄂西生态文化旅游名县、三峡库区特色经济强县”建设，努力构建富裕生态宜居幸福兴山。昭君文化王昭君，名嫱，字昭君。王昭君天生丽质，聪慧异常，琴棋书画，无所不精，“峨眉绝世不可寻，能使花羞在上林”。昭君的绝世才貌，顺着香溪河水传遍南郡，传至京城。汉元帝年间，王昭君十六岁，因美貌且才慧出众而入选皇宫。王昭君因“和亲”而名扬古今。汉朝在立国之初，便与匈奴兵戎相见，烽火蔽日，鼙鼓震天。自昭君和亲后，双方化干戈为玉帛，铸刀剑为犁锄，北边边陲出现了“边城晏闭，牛马布野，三世无犬吠之警，黎庶无干戈之役”的和平景象。董必武为王昭君题写七绝：“昭君自有千秋在，胡汉和亲识见高。词客各摅胸臆懑，舞文弄墨总徒劳。”19 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文民俗风情兴山历史悠久。距今约七、八千年前，在兴山这块土地上已有人类繁衍生息。周历王时（公元前857-842年），熊绎后裔，熊挚封至兴山，筑高阳城。秦、汉属南郡秭归，三国吴景帝永安三年（公元260年），“分秭归北界立兴山县”，建县已有1752年的历史。兴山人杰地灵。不仅孕育了中国古代四大美女之一的王昭君，还是伟大的爱国主义诗人屈原的家乡。中国首批非物质文化遗产“兴山民歌”中“三声音列”、“四声音列”、“五声音阶”的结构，经过音乐工作者的多年研究，已被音乐界命名为“兴山特性三度体系”民歌，被誉为巴楚古音的“活化石”。兴山还有广泛流传于民间的围鼓、薅草锣鼓、龙灯舞、狮舞、花鼓舞、竹马舞、滚灯舞、采莲舞、打莲湘等，这些民间文艺表演形式颇具地方特色，受到音乐界和广大游客的青睐。资源概况水利资源兴山县境内群山连绵，海拔垂直落差大，气候湿润，降雨充沛，水资源丰厚。县域内有香溪河和凉台台河两大水系，大小溪流156条。年降水量平均900-1200mm之间，地表径流年平均产水量20.96亿立方米，加之河流自然坡度大，垂直高差2317.4米，为发展小水电提供了丰富的水能资源。据普查，全县水能理论蕴藏量31.8万千瓦,可开发量23.8万千瓦。得天独厚的水资源优势奠定了全县水利电力事业的基础。到2012年，全县已建成小水电站76座装机19.5万千瓦,在建电站6座装机1.5万千瓦，年发电量6.2亿千瓦时。有水库14座，库容1.6亿立方米；堰塘455口，可蓄水237.5万立方米，有效灌溉面积8.8万亩。三峡水库蓄水在我县形成人工湖泊9.5平方公里，物流、航运、渔业、观光旅游等开发潜力巨大。农业资源兴山县林深木华，森林面积占全县土地总面积的85.66%，素有“天然木园”之称，被誉为华中植物宝库中的宝库，境内拥有银杏、珙桐、红豆杉、珍贵兰草等多种珍稀植物，是湖北省薄壳核桃、脐橙、茶叶、香菇、葛根、天麻、杜仲等林特产品主产区和重要出口基地。境内156条河流中保存着大量的大鲵、猕猴、中华齐口20 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文裂腹鱼等多种野生保护动物。兴山县积极实践科学发展观，发展现代农业，加快产业化经营，扬山区优势，兴特色产业，确定了以山羊养殖为重点的畜牧产业、以烤烟为重点的烟叶产业、以柑桔、核桃和茶叶为重点的果茶产业、以高山无公害商品蔬菜为重点的蔬菜产业、五大特色以葛根、天麻、金银花为重点的药材产业等。建成了30万头优质商品土猪基地、20万只山羊基地、5万亩替代进口烤烟基地、10万亩优质柑桔基地、6万亩有机茶基地、10万亩高山商品蔬菜基地和30万亩以薄壳核桃为主体的林果基地。昭君白鹤茶、昭君村脐橙、汉明妃核桃油、楚兴薄壳核桃、昌禾葛根粉、榛子乡牌蔬菜等一批优质农产品，先后荣获国家绿色食品认证和多届国际博览会金奖。旅游资源兴山县境内景观奇特，峰峦凝翠，洞壑幽深，巍峨雄奇，仪态万千，令人叹为观止。目前已有国家AAAA级景区昭君村、风景如画的高岚风光、湖光山色的古洞口库区等旅游景点。以惊险刺激著称的朝天吼漂流已成为湖北省漂流项目的一面旗帜，南阳温泉正待开发。既有以昭君故里为主的人文景观，又有山水园林结合的高岚风光和龙门河国家森林公园，是鄂西生态文化旅游圈的重要节点，也是湖北“一江两山”（即长江、武当山、神农架）国际旅游热线中心腹地，被誉为旅游“黄金走廊”，开发前景十分广阔。支柱产业兴发集团湖北兴发化工集团股份有限公司成立于1994年，座落于汉明妃王昭君故里-中国湖北省宜昌市兴山境内，是一家以磷化工系列产品和精细化工产品的开发、生产和销售为主业的上市公司，拥有34家控股子公司，总资产122.06亿元。公司于1999年在上海证券交易所上市。公司是中国最大的精细磷酸盐生产企业，全球最大的六偏磷酸钠生产企业。现拥有工业级、食品级、牙膏级、饲料级等系列产品70多个，主导产品出口亚、欧、美、非等全球30多个国家和地区，与世界500强企业宝洁、陶氏、联合利华等国际化工巨头建立了战略合作关系。21 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文公司持续推进磷化工资源和企业的重组整合，完成了兴山县内磷矿和水电资源整合，巩固了电矿化结合优势。近几年来公司大力实施走出去发展战略，相继在神农架、保康等地收购了当地的磷矿资源和深加工企业，在重庆垫江、云南安宁、江苏扬州、广西柳城等地建立了规模化生产基地，基本形成了“矿电磷”一体化的发展格局。公司深入推进管理创新，大力实施名牌战略，通过了质量、环境、职业健康安全、HACCP“四合一”管理体系认证，“兴发牌”商标被认定为“中国驰名商标”，“兴发牌”三聚磷酸钠荣获中国名牌产品，工业级次磷酸钠被认定为湖北省名牌产品，兴发牌磷化工系列产品荣获湖北省出口名牌。公司不断加大自主创新力度，高标准搭建技术创新平台，公司被认定为国家级高新技术企业，技术中心被认定为国家级企业技术中心，检测中心被认定为国家级实验室，兴发集团宜昌楚磷工业园被认定为国家科技兴贸创新基地。积极推行清洁生产技术，不断优化循环经济发展模式，自主研发的二甲基亚砜废盐和六偏磷酸钠聚合尾气综合利用技术取得重大突破，公司荣获中国化工行业科技创新示范企业称号。未来几年，公司将全面落实科学发展观，坚持精细化工基本方向，加快实施关联产业发展和跨区域重组整合战略，大力推行技术创新和产品升级换代，努力实现工业级磷化工产品向食品级和电子级转变，无机磷化工向有机磷化工延伸，积极开发非磷精细化工产品，持续推动节能减排工作，全面提高“四废”的资源化利用水平，加快建设国际一流的环保型精细化工企业。天晟光电湖北天晟光电股份有限公司位于湖北省宜昌市兴山县，属国有控股的混合所有制企业，是目前兴山县唯一一家列入宜昌市的上市后备企业。公司注册资金1亿元，总资产3.2亿元，下辖峡晶电子有限责任公司、天星供电有限公司、天安电力工程有限公司和天磁电子有限公司四个全资子公司，主营供电、人造石英晶体生产及加工、电力勘测设计施工、磁性材料生产及加工等。近年来，公司曾获得湖北省“五一劳动奖状”，省文明单位，优质服务先进单位，消费者满意单位；宜昌市文明单位，22 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文市和谐企业，安全生产先进单位；兴山县红旗单位等荣誉称号。公司将立足供电主业，突破发展水晶电子产业，坚持“永不放弃，追求卓越”的企业精神，努力实现“建成全球最大的人造石英晶体生产基地，为电子信息产品提供优质石英晶片；建设坚强的地方电网，为全县经济和社会发展提供安全可靠的电力保障”两大发展目标。风景名胜高岚风景区高岚自然风景区位于兴山县东南部，以峰峦高俊、云雾缭绕而闻名遐迩。景区面积150平方公里，距宜昌市100公里，距神农架80公里，宜巴高速公路在景区内有出口。高岚风景区是石灰岩溶蚀而成的自然景区，原始生态保存完好，这里山势陡峻，奇峰毗连，沟谷深幽，草木繁茂，是无山不奇，无水不活，无峰不秀，无石不异，被人称赞为“十里画廊”。原国家旅游局局长韩克华观后赞道：“桂林高岚皆仙境，山光水色各不同。四处云峰积妙趣，犹如神笔绘丹青。”NO.1卧佛山站在夏阳河边的杉树坪小镇上朝东仰望，映入眼帘的便是闻名遐迩的卧佛山，那如观音莲花台一般的绿色群峰之上，仰卧着一位酣睡的大佛，从头到脚有5公里长，光秃秃的脑袋枕着一顶硕大的草帽，鼻梁高耸，嘴巴大开，双眼微闭，两腿伸直，双脚朝天，圆圆的肚子似饱食之后的惬意，全然一副物我两忘的沉睡姿态。卧佛山更妙的是四季景色绮丽，变幻万千，若碰上阴雨连绵或雨后初晴，山上雾气腾腾，白云缭绕，似纱如帐，卧佛山若隐若现，虚无缥缈，卧佛更具仙风道骨，蔚为大观；清晨，如果站在适当的位置，太阳从卧佛大嘴中冉冉升起；傍晚，一轮圆月挂在山巅，又仿佛被卧佛从嘴里吐出；冬日里，山上落了雪，那大佛又恰似裹上了一床洁白的厚棉被，在做一个甜美的梦。清代一位叫赵润堂的农夫曾作打油诗一首咏叹卧佛山：“万里遥遥天，奇峰卧老仙。张口吞日月，呼气吐云烟。鼾打雷声响，雨幕作帐帘。梦想古今事，脱帽于人间。”NO.2石柱观23 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文在与卧佛山遥遥相对的大山上，耸立着一巨型石柱，壁立陡峭，高达百米，其绝顶处有一座道观，名曰石柱观。观前有石门，上书楹联一副：“石头问九天日月，柱脚立万古江山”，横批为“石柱仙山”。这座道观在明清时期，一度香火旺盛，游客不绝。据清同治版《兴山县志》记载：“石柱观在县东南夏阳河，上干云霄，撑绿耸翠，二水回环，极为胜览。中有古柏森森，高百仞，大十围，四时常青，枝叶如盖。”斗转星移，如今观毁人去，但残垣断壁尚存，仍可窥见当年的繁华和兴盛。NO.3八段锦八段锦是高岚风景区的核心景点，地处夏阳河东岸，也是卧佛山的基座。它是一座石灰岩的褶皱山体，由几条逆向谷把山体分割成8个山脊，当地人俗称“八道梁子”。八段锦以绝壁众多著称，陡峭的壁崖上，或红或黑或灰或白，缤纷灿烂，其中偶尔点缀枯树老枝，葳蕤草木，意趣天然；在绝壁之间，有沟壑，有洞窟，有飞瀑，峡谷幽深，古木参天。春天，山花烂漫；秋天，红叶摇拽；而到冬天，这里银装素裹，仿佛冰雕玉凿，透出一种清峻之美。八段锦，真如人工巧手绘制的鲜艳夺目的八匹锦绣悬挂在青山绿水间。NO.4棋盘柱棋盘柱位于杉树坪至两河口之间的凤凰山的半山腰，它是一堵100多米高的方形石柱，孤柱突起，上方下圆，四壁如刀砍斧削，百米高的顶端平整光滑，像一张人工精致的八仙桌。由于风雨侵蚀，石柱顶端布满纵横交错清晰的沟纹，好一副自然造化的棋盘。一些风化的小石块，错落有致，状如棋子，风吹不动，雨冲不走，散落在棋盘上，仿佛一盘对弈未了的棋局。相传吕洞宾、韩湘子二仙游了三山五岳、长江洞庭之后，来到风景绝佳的高岚峡谷，二仙贪恋高岚美丽的山水，便在此石柱上小憩。后来，大仙飘然而去，“棋盘柱”则长存于高岚山水之间。这地方也真是个下棋消遣、解暑纳凉的胜地，有诗为证：玉柱岩托，棋盘高搁。二仙云坐，棋子婀娜。留下残局，凡人揣摩。NO.5鸳鸯石在棋盘柱对面，有一对巨大的人形石，屹立在峭壁边上，两块巨石高矮差不多，但一块粗壮，另一块相对苗条，远远望去，极像一对恋人相拥而立，窃窃私语，故24 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文称鸳鸯石。相传在卧佛山下，有一对小青年，男的叫“鸳哥”，女的叫“鸯妹”，两人青梅竹马，恩恩爱爱，年长月久，私定终身。因两家为一块土地发生争执，官司打到县衙，结下深怨，亲事也只好作罢。“鸯妹”在极度思念中郁郁而亡，“鸳哥”得到消息后，一头撞死在“鸯妹”坟前，两坟裂开，生出一对大石柱。乡亲们叫它鸳鸯石，以纪念这份山盟海誓、生死与共的爱情。NO.6将军柱据《兴山县志》记载：“高岚河南，石柱七，高数丈，巅有树，不可辨识。”将军柱就是七柱之中最大的一根，通高约50米，柱呈方形，四周刀劈斧砍一般齐整。柱顶面积大约有100平方米，上面长着很多树木，苍劲虬曲，极像人头上蓬乱的头发。尤其是其中一棵白皮松，不知道在上面生长了多少年，主干粗壮，枝叶拙朴，特别是雪白的树皮，犹如美女的胳膊和大腿，让人产生无穷的联想和遐思。NO.7孔雀谷孔雀谷位于黄粮镇后山和马家台之间的庙河峡谷，全长约10公里，地势险要，人迹罕至。庙河两岸，陡坡连着绝壁，溪水在岩石和水草间肆意流淌，谷底清涧高高低低的跌水连着跌水，大大小小的深潭，还有近十处姿态各异、气势雄壮的瀑布。还有嶙峋的怪石和神秘的洞穴。这里保存着良好的原始自然生态，多种高达乔木和珍稀植物争奇斗艳，遮天蔽日，是最为典型的峡谷奇观和山水美景，是开展户外拓展拉练、野外探险穿越、休闲野营、科考的极佳场所。NO.8孔子峡孔子河发源于兴山榛子乡，小河两岸山势高峻，险崖陡壁，形成长60于里的幽深峡谷。峡谷两岸，山势高陡，奇峰列阵，怪石嶙峋，树木丛生，百草丰茂，凉风习习，河水顺峡谷间缓缓流出，清澈见底。河床由彩色鹅卵石铺底，红、黄、青、白、灰，五彩缤纷，异常优美。传说春秋战国时期，孔子周游列国时，自鲁入楚，前往楚国丹阳讲学传道，经过此地，此河便被后人称为孔子河，河两岸的峡谷也就被称为孔子峡。朝天吼漂流朝天吼漂流是一个“AAAA”级旅游景区，位于高岚景区之内，地处宜昌至神农25 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文架黄金旅游线上，距宜昌市100公里，距兴山县城40多公里。沪蓉北高速公路在起漂点设有出口，交通极为便利。它因区位优越、水温舒适、设施完善、视野开阔、惊险刺激而享誉旅游界，受到了众多游客的青睐。景区运营6年来，共接待国内外游客30余万人。正如朝天吼漂流广告词所说：漂流跟我走，爽就朝天吼！朝天吼漂流有两个河段，分孔子河河段和夏阳河河段，止漂点却都在两河口风景区。孔子河漂流河段全长4.5公里，落差78米，沿途可观太公钓鱼、孔雀岭、骆驼峰、信猴石、朝天吼等景观，自然风光原始，景观秀美，水质清澈，柔中带刚，适合各年龄段的游客游玩；夏阳河漂流河段全长6公里，落差148米，沿途风光优美，一步一景，有卧佛山、八段锦、鸳鸯石、红石笋、将军柱等景观，开阔大气。此河段落差大、险滩多，惊险刺激。急流处，乱石穿空，水流似箭，游艇如飞；浅滩处，水势平缓，荡舟其中，气定神闲，怡然自得。途中还可以戏水、游泳、休息和觅食，很受偏爱运动、追求冒险刺激的年轻人的喜欢。漂流区内自然风光旖旎，可同时开展户外拓展、野外宿营、篝火晚会等旅游活动。朝天吼漂流区属亚热带季风气候，在夏季拥有适宜在峡谷溪流进行亲水运动的舒适水温，加上可自动控制的最佳水量，吸引了众多游客。朝天吼漂流成功举办了多次有影响力的大赛，如2008年5月与湖北省旅游局主办了“荆楚山水迎奥运“湖北省漂流大赛；2009年6月与宜昌市旅游局共同举办了”湖北人游湖北，走进昭君故里，十万大军漂流朝天吼启动仪式“；2011年6月举办了全国自然水域漂流比赛暨湖北省第二届自然水域漂流挑战赛”；2012年6月举办了国际自然水域漂流大赛等等。2011年国家体育总局授予朝天吼漂流“中国自然水域漂流之都”称号。Ifresidentsinhazard-proneareasbelieve,sometimesincorrectly,thattheywillreceivefederalassistancefollowingadisastertheyhavelesseconomicincentivetoinvestinlosspreventionmeasuresorinsurancethaniftheyknewtheyweregoingtohavetobeartherecoverycoststhemselves.昭君文化旅游区昭君文化旅游区是国家首批AAA级旅游景区,位于香溪河畔，紧邻209国道，距兴山县城12公里，面积2.7平方公里。主要展示昭君故居和保存完好的古汉民风民26 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文俗景观，展示昭君青少年时代生活的遗址遗迹及其有关传说故事，展示昭君故里独特浓郁的地方文化及汉代宫廷仕女文化等。它还是省级重点文物保护单位，是国家级民族团结进步教育基地。景区内有昭君纪念馆、昭君宅、昭君雕像、昭君书院、紫竹苑、楠木井、娘娘泉等一系列有关昭君的文物和景点。该旅游区于1982年开始复建，30年来已有近千万游客光临参观游览，其中包括乔石、李瑞环、李铁映、钱其琛、曾培炎等党和国家领导人，还有姚雪垠、贺敬之、沈鹏、吕骥等著名的作家、艺术家。NO.1昭君纪念馆王昭君纪念馆是昭君文化游览区的核心景点，进入该馆，首先映入眼帘的是亭亭玉立的汉白玉王昭君塑像。该塑像由内蒙古自治区政府于1986年11月赠送，是汉蒙两族人民团结友好的重要象征。塑像采用北京房山优质汉白玉，由内蒙古著名雕塑家张恒精心设计、雕刻。雕像通高2.8米，重3.3吨，取材昭君年轻时的优雅形象，发髻挺立，面容姣好，表情微笑而甜美；手持书卷，亭亭玉立，裙袂飘飘，既端庄又典雅，既高贵又亲切，给人以十分自然美好的印象。在王昭君雕像身后，就是陈列室，门额上“千秋垂泽”四个大字由全国著名书法家王欣题写。里面用图文并茂的形式，分香溪孕秀、别乡进宫、汉宫幽怨、请行和亲、塞外流芳五大板块，全面系统地介绍了昭君的生平和出塞和亲为中华民族大团结做出的重大贡献。在昭君纪念馆内，还有昭君书院、字画室、文物陈列室等，收藏有上百件汉唐文物，如汉砖、汉瓦、石兽等，具有珍贵的历史文化价值；珍藏的各种版本的古典书籍，记载了几千年来文人墨客对昭君事迹的记录以及对她的评价和褒扬，其名人字画数量之多，品位之高，为同类馆所之最。NO.2昭君宅据史书记载：昭君宅始建于西汉，因几千年的风雨剥蚀，屡毁屡建，但遗址尚存。目前的昭君宅，是1994年恢复新建的。昭君宅，分前后一堂两院，后院的左边是高耸的望月楼，传说是昭君赏月的地方；后院中堂传说是昭君当年选皇妃，传令使宣读诏书之地，又被成为宣召堂；中堂左为昭君父母卧室，右为昭君兄嫂卧室，27 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文楼上是昭君父亲的藏书楼；右下为昭君闺房、绣楼、膳房；左下为昭君琴棋书画楼、宴乐厅、会客厅等。昭君宅的前院，主要是生产和工作区，里面有榨坊、碾坊、酒房、粮仓、农具储藏室等，有石碾、木榨、犁、耙、锄头等生产工具，再现了昭君当年生产、生活的场景。《兴山县志》载：上房住父母、长子，易使唤，好教谕，这也成为地方一俗，沿袭至今。昭君宅以古汉建筑风格为特点，通过明确的轴线关系，串联成千变万化的建筑群落，让人慢慢地游历在复杂多变的楼台廊阁，给人一种空间进程的流动感，营造出整修建筑安定、踏实、协调、稳重的艺术效果，建筑坐北朝南，既体现了家长为中心的家族思想和步步高升的理念，也满足了以南为尊的风水学要求。NO.3紫竹苑1992年复建，“紫竹苑”三个字为郭沫若先生题写。王昭君聪明伶俐，心灵手巧，画得一手好画。她画花花香，画水水响，画的鸟儿会唱歌，画的翠竹滴雨露。史料记载：“昭君村又名绿竹村。箭竹参天，遮天蔽日，惟昭君宅内独生紫竹”，紫竹苑因此而得名。苑内曲径通幽，壁画碑刻甚多，皆为咏唱昭君之作，其间也有本地人怀念昭君之词。唐朝大诗人杜甫的《咏怀古迹》“群山万壑赴荆门，生长明妃尚有村”的诗句也镌刻在碑廊之中。NO.4藏书楼藏书楼为当年昭君父亲王穰读书的地方。王穰十分爱惜竹简，崇尚孔子的仁德，屈原的忠耿。书简置中堂楼上，免潮湿，防虫蛀。他饭后品茗，读史阅经；有时与村中的私塾王先生，共同咏诗作赋。昭君时常上楼向父亲请教，父女情深可见一斑。传说王昭君当年正在楼上作画，看见村中私塾王先生在庭院吟诗：“莺啼绿柳弄春晴，柳弄春晴晓日明。”皱眉捻须，吟不下去，昭君在楼上接着王先生的诗句，高声吟道：“明日晓晴弄春柳，晴春弄柳绿啼莺。”王先生在楼下听见后，如醍醐灌顶，击掌叫绝，十分赞赏昭君姑娘的才华。据说回文诗由此而起。NO.5梳妆台梳妆台为昭君幼年梳妆赏月的地方，在昭君宅门前不远的一个山台上，1979年修复。现在的梳妆台，是一个圆形的高台，四周石廊相连，里面生长着数十棵古朴28 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文典雅的柏树，夏日遮阴，冬天避风，是游客小憩或漫步观景的好地方。传说王昭君在此梳头理妆，弹琴唱歌，飞来各种鸟儿跟她作伴。有古诗吟道：“晓日朦胧揽镜妆，上余粉泽水流香。”NO.6观景长廊1991年兴建，全长310米，是连接梳妆台和娘娘泉之间的廊道。长廊整体结构为仿汉迭廊风格，廊柱、横梁、栏板装饰汉代图案，线条流畅、古朴典雅。漫步长廊，真是“悠悠溪水若玉带，清风徐徐入怀来”。长廊中段石壁上刻有《昭君出塞图》，再现了昭君出塞的历史故事。画风典雅朴素，人物栩栩如生。“香溪水水流香，九十九弯下长江。水从昭君门前过，留给昭君洗衣裳。”遥望哼我在香溪河上的琵琶桥，纤巧秀丽，一根根钢缆，就像昭君琵琶上的琴弦，拨响了民族团结的心声，融合了蒙汉人民的愿望。NO.7楠木井相传是王昭君和村民共同开凿的泉水井，井中嵌有一根千年不朽、长发郁香的楠木，因此得名。此井水四季喷涌，常年不枯，冬暖夏凉，清甜可口。天热地旱的炎炎夏日，喝一口井水，五脏惬意，暑气顿消。天寒地冻的隆冬时节，移步井旁，井水热气腾腾，吹面不寒，暖意融融。1992年湖北省人民政府正式确定昭君村楠木井为省级重点文物保护单位。用此水做饭饭香，煲汤汤鲜，酿酒酒醇，沏茶茶美。两千多年来，一直有“女士饮其水生美女，男士饮其水壮筋骨”的奇闻，每年纷至沓来的海内外游客和数以千计的年轻夫妇，均慕名来饮其井水，以求心想事成。更神奇的是，在滂沱大雨、山洪爆发的季节，此井除涌水量大增以外，依然绝不浑浊，清冽见底。井底的楠木坚硬如磐，火烧不燃，斧砍无印，遇井水而发郁香。更有趣的是，每逢初秋时节，雨后初晴，夕阳斜照，井水面即现出一道美丽的光环，真是妙不可言。NO.8绣鞋洞相传昭君被选入宫时，别乡登龙凤舟顺香溪而下，行至下游一个叫黑龙潭的地方，水大浪急，溅起的浪花打湿了昭君的金丝银线绣花鞋，昭君便换了一双干净的鞋，而把那双绣花鞋交给了为她送行的乡亲们。乡亲们为了表达对昭君的敬慕之情，29 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文将这双绣花鞋送到山腰间的一个小洞内供奉起来。后因村中有一对年近40岁而无子嗣的夫妇曾在此洞旁祈祷求子，所投石子硠硠入洞，便有了身孕，顺利生下一对双胞胎，此事一传十，十传百。绣鞋洞便成为人们投石占卦求福的去处，有求必应，十分灵验。民间流传绣鞋又与“秀孩”谐音，能保佑早生一个眉目清秀的孩子。NO.9十七尊石刻罗汉在紫竹苑西厢廊道内，陈列着十七尊石刻罗汉。这些罗汉以前是供奉在昭君庙里的，当时供奉的是十八尊，但为何现在只有十七尊了呢？传说在明朝时，昭君庙一度香火旺盛，王氏家族也十分兴旺发达，而对面山上住着向氏家族，便心生嫉妒。有一年，当地天寒闹饥荒，一个姓向的财主不存好心，夜晚摸到昭君庙内，将罗汉嘴中塞满了包谷小麦调和面，第二天就四处散布谣言说：“我们这里闹饥荒，都是罗汉把粮食偷吃了，不信你们到昭君庙里去看一看，罗汉嘴里还残留着包谷小麦面呢。”很多人看后都信以为真，其中有个姓王的人，头脑简单，性格粗暴，觉得这王家庙堂里的罗汉偷吃了粮食，罪不可赦，一气之下抡起铁锤将一个罗汉砸得粉碎，并还要砸掉其他的罗汉。此时，庙里的长老闻讯赶来，责令住手，并反复解释荒年乃天灾，石头罗汉怎么会偷吃粮食呢？他再仔细查看了罗汉嘴中残留的食物，断定是有人从中捣鬼。百姓们这才恍然大悟，却后悔莫及，一尊罗汉已经粉身碎骨了，所以后来这里的罗汉就少了一尊。NO.10昭君浣纱处兴山以香溪而闻名，香溪又因王昭君而百世流芳。发源于神农架的香溪河，是昭君故里兴山县的第一大水系，是孕育屈原和昭君的母亲河，因昭君常在溪边浣纱，使溪水飘香至今，故名香溪。我国第一部《茶经》列举天下名水二十种，将香溪水列为第十四品。前十三品均为细流滴泉，唯香溪为一江溪流，可见香溪的美妙了。相传昭君少年时代，常与村姑结伴到河边洗帕浣纱，正如清代著名诗人陶澎曾咏唱道：“薄雨匀山黛，村容上晓妆。昭君浣纱处，溪水至今香。”NO.11昭君大桥昭君大桥位于昭君村牌坊前，是一座横跨香溪河的钢筋混凝土大桥。桥长981米，宽12米，高30米，耗资1580万元，1999年10月动工，2002年10月建成通30 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文车。该桥是连接沪蓉高速公路、209国道、312省道和县内旅游专线公路的交通枢纽，又方便了香溪河两岸昭君村、响滩村、陈家湾村群众的往来。因为该桥横架于昭君家门口，因此被命名为昭君大桥，而桥上的装饰，也融入了昭君的故事，两头各立汉白玉石鼓一对，桥栏杆间栏板嵌汉白玉645块，上面雕刻有昭君进宫前的生活故事，图案各不相同，人物富于变化，工艺精湛，为昭君村里一大景观。其它景区NO.1移民新城举世瞩目的三峡水库蓄水175米水位，兴山县淹没面积9.296平方公里，涉及3个乡镇23个村49个组、1座县城、3个集镇和62家工矿企业，搬迁3万余人。经国务院批准，兴山县城由原高阳镇迁至古夫镇。在党中央、国务院的亲切关怀下，在全国人民和湖南省、大连市等对口支援单位的大力支持下，经过十年的艰苦奋斗，一座崭新的“山水园林城、生态环境城、旅游文化城”崛起于美丽的香溪河畔，于2002年9月28日隆重举行新县城落成庆典。新县城先后获得中国人居环境范例奖、全国文明县城、全国卫生县城、国家园林县城等殊荣。NO.2兴山民俗博物馆兴山民俗博物馆占地面积2937平方米，建筑面积1500平方米，是一座以依托湖北省重点文物保护单位古夫民居作为交流和展示平台，以传承、保护兴山极具地方特色的优秀传统民俗文化为主旨，收藏、展示民俗文物的综合类博物馆。该馆利用近千件能够充分体现兴山历史文化、民俗风情的古典家具、生产工具、木雕石刻、工艺精品等民俗文物，结合陈伯炎老屋、吴翰章老屋和望山门的建筑布局结构，进行合理的布局陈列，充分展示三峡库区兴山县民俗风情的沿革发展，使游客在欣赏传统民俗文物的同时，又能领略、感受兴山这片热土的悠久历史和厚重文化。NO.3白羊寨白羊寨位于兴山县西南阳镇境内，是明末农民起义领袖李自成的侄孙李来亨最后坚持斗争的根据地。因当年清朝军队利用100只山羊在前面冲锋，最后攻破了李来亨的大本营而得名。31 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文白羊寨是个山间台地，偏远闭塞，四周山势险要，易守难攻，当年李来亨的帅府就建在这里，现存有帅府、营盘、凤营、关帝庙、七步半哨卡、校场坝、得胜门、炮台、瞭望台、天灯包等遗址遗迹。尤以至今仍然耸立的“圣帝行宫之碑”最为珍贵。该碑高4.8米，宽1米，碑文通过农民军队关羽的祀奉，以张巡、岳飞等历史人物为史鉴，赞颂忠厚日月的仁人志士，抨击寡廉鲜耻的叛将贰臣，号召人们发扬民族气节，坚定“镌虏妪民”意志，同心协力抗清御侮。碑文中注明了李来亨的籍贯和南明永历王朝晋爵为“临国公”的封号，此外，还刻有数十名于史无载的部将姓名、封号等文字。史学界认为，历经磨难现仍巍然矗立的这块碑的存在本身就是个传奇，极具研究价值。NO.4龙门河国家森林公园龙门河国家森林公园位于兴山县西北部，是神农架林带的一个组成部分。1993年经国家林业部批准建园。其地质构造属大巴山山脉褶皱带，在经多次地壳运动搬运堆积和强烈风化剥蚀的作用，形成现代山川交错、脊岭连绵，峡谷险奇的地形地势。含有各种溶解沉淀的石钟乳、石笋、石花等的溶洞密布，令人叹为观止。温和多雨的气候条件和水源充足的地理环境，又使龙门河一带被植物专家誉为“天然树森林园”。境内共有乔、灌木83科930余种，草本植物200余种，藤本植物30余种。特别是红豆杉、珙桐（又名鸽子花）、连香树、水青树、兴山榆等珍稀树种，绞股蓝等贵重药材，在这一带均有分布。境内的野生动物类群也丰富多彩，有16目，41个科，220余种，如大鲵、黑斑蛙、翠青蛇、龙蜥、西南熊、水獭、灵猫、金丝猴等。NO.5神农洞在兴山通往神农架途中的209国道边，有一个神秘而神奇的山洞，叫神农洞。相传是华夏始祖炎帝神农氏在这里尝百草，曾在此洞居住而得名。神农洞系石灰岩溶蚀而成，上宽下窄，呈现出罕见的楼层式结构。不同的楼层景观各有不同，主要是石钟乳、石笋、石柱、石碗、帷幔式泉华，大者达数十米，十几人合围，小者以厘米计算，千姿百态；洞内有清冽水潭数处，似泉若源，涓涓不息。32 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文Appendix2TranslatedTextEnglishTranslationofXingshanTourismTextContentsBriefIntroductiontoXingshanZhaojunCultureFolkCustomBriefIntroductiontoResources1.WaterResources2.AgriculturalResources3.TourismResourcesPillarIndustriesHubeiXingfaChemicalsGroupCo.,LtdHubeiTianshengPhotoelectricGroupCo.,LtdScenicSpotsGaoLanScenicAreaChaoTianhouRaftingZhaojunCulturalTouristAreaOtherScenicSpotsBriefIntroductiontoXingshanXingshanCountywhichisthehometownofWangZhaojun,oneofthefourbeautiesinancientChina,islocatedinthewestofHubeiProvince,thenorthofXilingGorgeoftheYangtzeRiverandintheQinlingandBashanmountainarea.Yichangcityliestoitseast,Badongthewest,Ziguithesouth,andShennongjiaNatureReservethenorth.ItbelongstotheThreeGorgesreservoirareaandisintendedtobetheThreeGorgesEconomicDevelopmentRegionbytheStateCouncil.Thepopulationofthewholecounty33 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文is180thousandandallthepeoplearedistributedintwotownshipsandninetownswhichinvolvesninety-sixvillages(orcommunity,neighborhood)withtheareaof2,327k㎡.BecauseoftheconstructionoftheTGP,thecountyseatofXingshanmovedfromGaoyangTowntoGufuTowninOctober,2002.XingshanCounty，awardedthetitlesof“NationalCivilizedCounty”,“NationalSanitationTown”,“NationalGardenCity”,“NationalModelGreenCounty”and“ChinaHabitatEnvironmentPrizeParadigm”,isaharmoniousplacesuitableforliving,tourism,industryandcommerce.Inthetwelfthfive-year-planofChina,XingshanCountywilltake“Morethanonearea”asthecarrier,highlightfourmainindustriesincludingnewindustry,characteristicagriculture，modernlogisticsandecologicaltourism，improvetheconstructionof“InternationalWell-knownPhosphorusChemicalBase,DemonstrationCountyofNationalEcologicalConstruction,FamousCountyofEcologicalCultureTourisminWesternHubei,andCharacteristicEconomyintheThreeGorgesReservoirArea”andtrytoconstructarich,ecological,delightfulandhappycounty.ZhaojunCultureWangZhaojun,whosegivennamewasQiangandcourtesynamewasZhaojun,hadnaturalbeautyandunusualintelligenceanddidwellineverything,especiallyinartsandliterature.“TheEmeimasterpiececannotbefound,andmaketheflowerstoshameinshanglin.”Zhaojun"sreputationaboutherpeerlessbeautyandtalentspreadalongtheXiangxiRiveraroundthesouth,eventothecapital.IntherulingperiodofEmperorYuan,theHanDynasty,shewassenttothecourtasanimperialconcubineattheageofsixteen.ZhaojunwasveryfamousinChinesehistorybecauseshemarriedawayfromherowncountryfortheunityofourvariousnationalities.IntheWesternHanDynasty,HanandHuhadwarsveryoften.Zhaojun’smarriagetothechiefoftheSouthernXiongnuachievedpeace.Sincethen,HuandHangotonwellwitheachotherforhundredyears.Mr.DongBiwuwroteapoemtopraiseherhighly.FolkCustom34 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文Thisareahasfosteredmanyfamouspeople,theydevotedthemselvesinChinesehistoricculture,includingWangZhaojun,theenvoyforthenationpeaceoftheHanDynastyandthegreatpatrioticpoet,QuYuan.Xingshanfolksongs,especiallythestructureof“threesoundcolumns,foursoundcolumnsandthepentatonicscale”hasbeentreatedasgemsofChina’sfolkartandbelongstoChina"sfirstbatchofintangibleculturalheritage.Accordingtomanyyearsofresearch,musicianshasnamedit“thespecialfolksongwiththreesystemofXingshanfeatures”,knownas“livingfossil”inancientfolkofBaandChudistricts.InXingshan,thefolkmusicandthefolkdancingareveryrich,suchasWeiguperformance,fieldsongs,lanterntune,Huagudance,dragondance,liondanceandsoon.Becausetheyhavelocalfeatures,they’repopularwithvisitors.BriefIntroductiontoResourceWaterResourcesThegeographicfeatureofXingshanCountyisabundantinrollinghills,humidclimate,abundantrainfallandrichwaterresources.Thetwomajorriversystems,XiangxiRiverandLiangtaiRiver,whichinclude156smallbrooks,flowthroughthewholearea.Accordingtothehydrologyrecords,theaverageannualprecipitationofthisareaisbetween900-1200mmandtheaverageannualsurfacerunoffis2.096billioncubicmeters.Thenaturalslopeandtheverticalelevationof2,317.4meterscontributetothegreatpowerforthecounty.Itisestimatedthatthetheoreticaldevelopmentofwaterresourcesreservesreached318000thousandkilowatts,inwhichtheactualexploitationamountreachedto238000thousandkilowatts.Theuniqueadvantageofwaterresourcesestablishsolidfoundationforaprosperouscauseofwaterelectricpowerinthearea.By2012,76small-scalehydroelectricstations(eachinstalledcapacityisestimatedfor195,000Kw)havebeenbuiltand6arebeingbuilt(eachinstalledcapacityisestimatedfor15000Kw),andexpectedpowergeneratingcapacityis620millionkw/hperyear.Alongtheriver,thereare6electricpowers,14reservoirsand455pondswhichare35 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文covering88,000farmlandandtogetherwithartificiallakewhichiscovering9,5squarekilometers,itisbelievedtheprosperityofirrigationwillboostlogisticsindustry,shipping,fishingandtouringinthecomingfuture.AgriculturalResourcesXingshanoccupiesthemountainousnorth-westerncornerofYichangandtheforestcoverratetakesup85.66%,thus,theagriculturalresourcesofXingshanareabundantanditisrenownedfor“theNaturalWoodYardofcentral-China”.Intheyard,gingkotrees,davidiainvolucrate,Taxuschinensis,ChinesehempAgrimonyandotherrareplantscanbefoundeverywhereandwalnut,navelorange,mushroom,RadixPuerariae,gastrodiaelata,eucommiaulmoidesoliverandotherforestproductsarebeingproducedandexportedtotheoutsideworld.Giventhefocusonbuildingaharmonioussocietyandscientificdevelopment,ourworkisshiftingtosomeoftheissuesonmodernagriculturedevelopmentagenda.Specifically,wewilldevelopcharacteristicagricultureandecologicalagriculture,implementtheindustrializationofagriculture.Focusingongoatbreeding,tobacco,orchardandfarming,wewillbuildbasestobreed300,000pigsand200,000goats,and50,000acresfortobaccoplanting,100,000acresfororanges,60,000fororganicteas,100,000acresforvagetablesand300,000acresforwalnuts.AseriesofagriculturalproductshaveachievedqualitycertificationandsomebrandaregarneredseveralawardsattheExpo,suchasZhaojunTea,HanmingfeiwalnutoilandChuxingwalnut.TourismResourcesAsanimportantnodeofculturetourismcycleinwestHubeiProvince，XingshanislocatedinthecentreoftouringmapofHubei.LocatedontheshoreofYangtzeRiverandleaningonWudangMountainandShennongjiaMountain,thesceneryofXingshanisuniqueandgreat,combinedwithcultureandnature.ByvisitingtheformerresidenceofZhaojun,wecanenjoythesplendidcultureandglorioushistoryofHanDynasty.Youcanalsoappreciatethefancystyleofthecaves,themountainsandthewaterinGaolan36 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文andGudongkou.KayakinginChaotianhouhasbecomeaclassicscenicactivityinHubeiandthehotspringinNanyangisalsoongoing.PillarIndustriesHubeiXingfaChemicalsGroupCo.,LtdFoundedin1994,HubeiXingfaChemicalsGroupCo.,Ltd(HubeiXingfa)islocatedinXingshanCounty,YichangCity,HubeiProvince,whichisthehometownofMissWangZhaojun-theconcubineofHanDynasty.HubeiXingfaisapubliccompanywhichmainlyengagesinthedevelopment,productionandsellingofphosphatesproductsandfinechemicalproducts.Owning34subsidiarycompaniesand12.206billionyuanassets,HubeiXingfawaslistedinShanghaiStockExchangein1999.HubeiXingfaasthelargestphosphatesproductionbaseincentralChina,hastechnicalgrade,foodgrade,toothpastegrade,andfeedgradeproducts:SodiumTripolyphosphate280,000mt/a,YellowPhosphorus75,000mt/a,SodiumHexametaphosphate66,000mt/a,DimethylSulfoxide20,000mt/a,SodiumHypophosphite11,000mt/a,PhosphorusPentasulphide6,000mt/a,SodiumAcidPyrophosphate10,000mt/a.Ourmainproductsareexportedtoover30countriesanddistrictsinEurope,AmericaandAfrica.Alsowearethepartnerofworldmajorplayers,likeTop500companies:P&G,Unilever,Henkeletc.HubeiXingfa,continuouslycarryingouttherecombinationandintegrationofphosphatechemicalresourcesandenterprises,hasfinishedtheintegrationofphosphaterockandhydropowerresourcesinXingshancounty.Since2001,HubeiXingfahasacquiredthephosphaterockandfurtherprocessingenterprisesinShennongjiaandBaokangcounty,andfoundedproductionbaseinDianjiangcountyChongqingcity,andinAnning,Yunnanprovince.Thecombinationofrock,powerandphosphatesmadeHubeiXingfamoreandmorecompetitiveinphosphateindustry.WeareapprovedISO9001,ISO14001,DHSMS18001,OUandHACCPbyrelevant37 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文authorities.HubeiXingfabrandwashonoredas“Chinafamousbrand”,“XingfaBrand”SodiumTripolyphosphatewashonoredasChinafamousbrandproduct.“XingfaBrand”SodiumHypophosphitewasrecognizedasHubeifamousbrandproduct.Phosphatesproductswith“XingfaBrand”werehonoredasHubeifamousbrandproductofexporting.OurCompanycontinuouslystrengthenstheabilityofindependentinnovationandbuildtechnologyinnovationplatform.Ourcompanywasrecognizedasthenationalnewandhigh-techenterprise;ourtechnologycenterwasrecognizedasthestate-levelenterprisetechnologycenter.Thetestingcenterwashonoredasnationallaboratory.YichangChulinfinechemicalgardenofXingfawaslistedasnationaltechnicalandscienceinnovationbase.Inthecomingyears,ourcompanywillcomprehensivelyimplementthescientificoutlookondevelopment,insistdevelopingfinechemicalsasourmaindirection,fastenrelatedbusinessesdevelopmentandintegrationstrategyfortrans-regions,carryouttechnologyinnovationandproductupdatingandupgrading,achievetheupgradingfromtechnicalgradeproductstofoodgradeandelectronicgradeproducts,frominorganicphosphatestoorganicphosphates,anddevelopnon-phosphatefinechemicalproducts.Ourcompanywillcontinuouslycarryoutenergy-savingandejectiondecreasingprogram,improvetherecyclingratioofwastes,andspeeduptheconstructionofenvironment-friendlyworld-classfinechemicalenterprise.HubeiTianshengPhotoelectricGroupCo.,LtdFoundedin2001,HubeiTianshengPhotoelectricGroupCo.,LtdislocatedinXingshanCounty,YichangCity,HubeiProvince,whichisamixed-ownershipenterprisesinState-ownedandonlyonewhichislistedasbackupenterpriseforStockExchangeinYichangCity.Itisregisteredwiththecapitalof100millionyuan,Owning320millionyuanassets38 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文and4subsidiarycompanies,includingGapCrystalElectronicsCo.,Ltd,TianxingPhotoelectricCo.,Ltd,TiananPowerandEngineeringCo.,LtdandTianciElectronicCo.,Ltd.Itengagesinenergysupply,theproductionandprocessingoftheSyntheticquartzcrystal,SurveyofElectricpower,productionandprocessingofMagneticmaterials,etc.Inrecentyears,thecompanyhaswonMay1stLaborDayMedalinHubeiprovince,theawardforsuperiordistributionserviceandlistedasthecivilizedunitinHubeiprovince,thesatisfyingunitforconsumers,thecivilizedunitandharmoniousenterprise,advancedunitforsafeproductionofYichangcity,etc.Withthespiritofnevergivingupandpursuitofexcellence,ourcompanywillkeepafootholdofsticktothespiritofpowersupply,makeabreakthroughintheCrystalelectronicsindustry,aimatbuildingourcompanyintothebiggestProductionbaseofQuartzcrystalintheworld,constructfirmlocalgridandprovidesecureSafeguardforthedevelopmentofeconomyandsocietyofthewholecity.ScenicAttractionGaolanScenicAreaGaolanscenicarea,locatedinsoutheastXingshan,isfamousforthesplendidmistypeaksandmountains.Coveringanareaof150km2,itisabout100kmawayfromYichangand80kmawayfromShennongjiaNationalNatureResort.ThereisalsoanexittotheYibahighwayinthistoursite.Thisscenicarea,formedbytheerosionoflimestone,iskeptinanoriginalwell-preservedstate.Itisdescribedas“Ten-mileGallery”becauseofitssteeppeaks,deepvalleys,exoticstones,denseforestsandlimpidstreams.Attractedbyitsbeauty,HanKehua,theformerdirectoroftheNationalTourismBureau,dazzledaftervisitingit:“GaolanissuchafairylandasGuilinis,butGaolanshowsitsuniqueness.Surroundedbymistymountains,itlookssofantasticthatitisagrandspectaclepaintedbyamagicalbrush.”TheMountSleeping-BuddhaSeenfromasmalltownShanshuping,thewell-knownMountSleeping-Buddhais39 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文justinsight.TheBuddhawhosebaldheadwearsabigstrawhat,5kmlong,issleepingonthebackofgreenpeaks,withthenosetowering,themouthopen,theeyesslightlyclosed,thelegsstretchingout,thefeetintheairandtheenlargedbellystandingout.TheBuddhaisinsuchasoundsleepthatitseemstohaveforgottenbothitselfandtheexternalworld.Morefantastically,theMountenjoysgorgeousandmultifarioussceneryduringwell-markedseasons.Wheneveritisrainyfordaysorclearsupafterrain,thewhitecloudsrestonthemountaintop,whichmakestheMountpartlyhiddenandpartlyvisible.Shownfromtheveryangle,thesunlookslikerisingfromthemouthoftheBuddhainthemorningandthemoonjumpingoutofthemouthofitatdusk.Inwinter,theBuddhaiscoveredwithwhitesnowquit,dreamingasweetdream.ZhaoRuntang,afarmerinQingDynasty,oncewrotealimerickabouttheMount,whichmadeavividdescriptionoftheSleeping-Buddha.Stone-pillarTaoistTempleUpthemountainoppositetheMountSleeping-Buddha,towersaloftagiantstonepillarwithaTaoistTempleon.Thatiswhythetempleiscalled“Stone-pillarTaoistTemple”.Anantitheticalcoupletishangingonthestonedoorofthetemplewithtwoverticalscrolls,“Thetopofthepillarhasgreatlyreachedintothesky;thebottomofthepillarhasfirmlystoodoverthepeaks.”,andonehorizontalscroll:“thestone-pillarfairyland”.DuringMingandQingDynasty,theTaoistTemplewassoprosperousthatitattractedaconstantstreamofvisitors.Accordingto“XingshanCounty”,“alongtheXiayangRiver,thetemplestandsoutintheairwithluxuriantfoliageuprighttothesky.Inthecenterofthetemple,thereareagreatmanyevergreenandflourishancientcypresstrees.”Astimegoesby,thetemplehasbeendestroyedandgone,justleavingthebrokenwallsandshattereddebrisbehind.Fortunately,theboomandprosperityofthegoodolddayscanstillbeseenfromthoseruinsofthetemple.TheMountEight-SectionBrocadeAsthecorescenicspot,theMountEight-SectionBrocadeliestotheeastcoastof40 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文XiayangRiver,withtheMountSleeping-Buddharestingonit.TheMountEight-SectionBrocadeisfoldedlimestonemountain,dividedbyanaclinalvalleyintoeightridges.TheMountisknownasplentyofsteepcliffs,amongwhicharegullies,cavesandwaterfalls.OntheMount,flowersareinfullbloominspring,theredleavesaregentlyswayinginautumnandtheridgesaresnow-wrappedinwinter.Theeightridgesarejustlikeeighteye-catchingbrocadeshangingbetweenthegreenmountainsandbluewaters.TheChessboardStone-PillarSituatedhalfwayuptotheMountPhoenix,thechessboardpillarstandsover100mhighwithasquarishtopandaroundbottom,whichlookslikeanexquisiteoldfashionedsquaretable.Asaresultoferosionbywindandrain,thetopofthepillariscoveredwithclearcrisscrossedrills,whichmakesitanaturalchessboard.Someweatheringfingerstonesarescatteredoverthechessboardinpicturesquedisorder,motionlessdespitethewindandrain,whichlookslikeanunfinishedchessgame.Itissaidthattwoimmortals,LvDongbinandHangXiangzi,whowerefamousimmortalsinChinesefolklegend,camehereaftertravellingacrossthecountry，includingsomewell-knownmountains,suchasMountTai,MountHuaandsoon.Sointoxicatedbythebeautyoftheplaceweretheythattheytookamomentresthere.Then,thetwoimmortalsweregonewithmystery,keepingthechessboardpillarstandingamongthemountainsandriversforeverandever.Thechessboardpillarisreallyaperfectsitting-outtoplaychess.TheLoveRocksOppositetothechessboardstone-pillarstandsapairofhuman-likerocks,theoneofwhichisthicksetwhiletheotherisrelativelyslim.Seenfromfaraway,thetworocksareliketwolovershuggingandwhispering.Therefore,theyarecalled“theLoveRocks”.Thereisasweetbutsadlovestoryabouttherocks.Once,thereweretwoyoungloverslivingatthefootoftheMountSleeping-Buddha.Theylovedeachothersomuchthattheydecidedtogetmarried.Later,however,thetwofamilieswerefullofhateeachotherbecauseofalanddispute,sothetwoloverswerenotallowedtogetmarried.Soon,41 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文unfortunately,thegirldiedfromhergreatdepressionanddeepthought.Hearingthisnews,theboycommittedsuicideinfrontofthegirl’stomb.Sincethen,thetombhaschangedintothetworocks.Accordingly,thelocalpeoplecallit“theloverocks”inordertocommemoratetheirultimateloveontodeath.GeneralPillarsAccordingtotheXingshanjournal,tothesouthofGaonancountyaresevenpillars,whicharemorethantenfeethigh,withtreesonthemandhardtoidentify.Opuntiasubulata,thebiggestoneofsevenand50metershigh,shapesinsquareandlooksneatasifithasbeencutallaround.Onthetopofithasanareaofabout100squaremeters,withalotoftreesonit,gnarledandtwisted,whichlooklikethedisheveledhair.Amongthetreesstandsbungeana,theyearsofwhosegrowingisunknowntoanybody,withstoutbackboneandcoarsebranchesandleaves.EspeciallytheWhitetreebark,lookslikethearmandlegofthebeautywhichleavespeopleendlessthinkingandreveries.PeacockValleyLocatedintheMiaoHevalleybetweenthebackmountainofHuangLiangcountyandMaJiatai,PeacockValleymeasures10mileslong,withdifficultterrainandhardtoreach.OnbothsidesofMiaoHeissteepslopelinkedtoprecipice,withthestreamflowingfreelybetweenrocksandaquaticplants,varietiesofpitsandtenmorewaterfallsofdifferentshapesandmajesticmomentum.Therearealsomanyruggedrocksandmysteriouscaves.Originalnaturalecologicalisreservedwellhere,witharborandrareplantscompetingforbeautyandshadingeachother,whichisthetypicalvalleywondersandsplendidviewsandmostsuitableplaceforwildtraining,exploring,campingandscientificresearch.ConfuciusValleyStartedfromZhenZitownship,withsteepmountainsandcliffsonbothsides,KongZirivershapesadeepcanyonofmorethan60miles.WithCraggyrocks,forests,lushHerbsonbothsides,thewaterflowsslowlybetweenthevalleys.Coveredwithcolorful42 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文cobblestoneofred,yellow,green,whiteandgray,theriverbedlooksunusualandbeautiful.ItissaidthatintheSpringandAutumnPeriodandTheWarringStates,ConfuciusmadelecturesandpreacherwhiletravellinginDanyang,Chu(oneoftheWarringStatesintowhichChinawasdividedduringtheEasternZhouperiod,occupyingwhatisnowHubeiandnorthernHunan),whichaccountedfortheSourceofthenameoftheriver,withbothsidesoftheriverbeingcalledConfuciusValley.ChaoTianhouRaftingChaoTianhouRaftingwhichhasbeenlistedintonational4AclasstoursitesbelongstoGaolanScenicAreaandliesonthegoldentouristlinefromYichangtoShennongjia,only40kmawayfromXingshandowntownandover100kmawayfromYichangcity.It’sveryconvenienttoreachherebecausethere’sastartingpointattheentranceofthenorthofHurongFreeway.It’sowingtoitsadvantageouslocation,comfortablewatertemperature,perfectfacilities,widensightandthrillingdriftingthatit’spopularwithnumerousvisitors.Thescenicspothasattractedmorethan300,000visitorsfromhomeandabroadforsixyears.Justasitsadvertisingmessagesays,followmetodriftuptohigh.TheRoarofdriftinghastwosections,ConfuciusRiverandXiayangRiver.ButthefinishingpointsarebothinLianghekouscenicspot.ThesectionofConfuciusRiveris4.5kmlong,verticaldropof78m.Driftingonthegreenwater,wecanenjoythemagicalnaturalsceneryastheGreat-grandfatherFishing,PeacockMountain,CamelPeak,MonkeyStone,RoartotheSky,wherenaturallandscapeissooriginalandgracefulandwaterqualityissoclearthatvisitorsatdifferentagesliketodrift.ThesectionofXiayangRiveris6kmlong,verticaldropof148m.BeautifulscenerysuchastheSleepingBudda,EightBracades,MandarinDuck,RedStoneBambooShootandGeneralPillarsarewaitingforyou.Thissectionhaslargedropfallandmanydangerousshoalssothatthedriftinghereisquitethrillingandbreathtaking.Thesounds,thebackwash,theintervalrapidcurrentswillmakeyoufeelextremelyexciting,roaringtothesky.Whenyougetto43 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文ashallowshoal,thegentleflowofwaterwillmakeyoucalmandrelaxed.Youalsocanplaywithwater,swim,restandseekfoodontheway,whichfitstotheyoungpeoplewholikesportsandpursueadventure.Inthedriftingarea,thereisnotonlyacharmingnaturalscenery,butalsomanyoutdooractivities,forexample,expansivetraining,quartersandcampfireparty.Theweatherherebelongstosubtropicalmonsoonclimateandthewatertemperatureisquitecomfortableandtheyieldofwatercanbecontrolledautomaticallysothatlargequantitiesofvisitorsareattracted.Thescenicspotheldmanyinfluentialmegagamessuccessfullyfrom2008to2012,whichvisitorsfromhomeandabroadtookpartin.In2011,GeneralAdministrationofSportofChinaawardedthetitle“DriftingMetropolisofChina’sNatrualWaterArea”tothescenicspot.ZhaojunCulturalTouristAreaTheZhaojunVillagewhichisbeside209highwayandlocatedintheXiangxiRiversidecoveringabout2.7k㎡isanational3Aclasstoursiteandis12kilometersawayfromthedowntownofXingshan.Thistoursitemainlyshowsthevillagerelics,thewellreservednaturalsightsoftheancientHanDynasty,theuniquelocalfolkcustomsandtheimperialnoblebeauties’cultureoftheHanDynasty.It"snotonlyaprovincialmajorhistoricalandculturalsitesunderstateprotectionbutalsoanationaleducationalinstitutionforethnicunity,includingZhaojunMemorial,theHouseofWangZhaojun,theStatueofWangZhaojun,theBookHall,theBlackBambooGarden,NanmuWellandtheEmpress’Springandsoon.Inrecentthirtyyears,hundredsofthousandsofvisitorshavebeentothetourismzone,includingsomenationalleaderssuchasQiaoShi,LiRuihuan,LiTieying,QianQichen,ZengPeiyanandsomefamouswritersandartistssuchasYaoXueyin,HeJingzhi,ShenPeng,LuJiandsoon.ZhaojunMemorialZhaojunMemorialisthevitalpartofthewholetoursite.EnteringtheZhaojunVillage,wewillseea2.8mhighstatuewhichwasmadeofqualifiedwhitemarblefrom44 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文Fangshan,inBeijing.ThisisthestatueofWangZhaojun,carvedbyZhangHeng,awell-knownartificerofInnerMongolia.AnditwaspresentedbythegovernmentofInnerMongoliaandwasbroughthereinNovemberof1986,whichisconsideredasthesymbolofunityandfriendshipbetweenthetwopeoples.ThefigureofZhaojunStatueiselegant,nobleandgenialandimpressesthevisitorsnaturallyandwell.PassingbytheStatueofWangZhaojun,wewillreachthehistoricalmaterialsexhibitionhall.First,wewillseefourcharacters“QianQiuChuiZe”atthetopofthedoor,whichmean“goodreputationthroughthousandsofyears”.Theexhibitionisdividedintofivesections:“BornbesideXiangxiRiver”,“LeavehometowntothePalace”,“LifeinPalace”,“PreparemarriagetoInnerMongolia”and“LifeinInnerMongolia”.TheserealhistoricalmaterialsareshowingthewholelifeofWangZhaojun.ZhaojunZhai(TheHouseofWangZhaojun)Accordingtohistoricrecords,thehouseofWangZhaojunwasfirstbuiltintheWestHanDynasty.Lateritwasruinedandrebuiltforseveraltimesduringthepastthousandsofyears.Andnow,thishousewasrebuiltattheformerlocationin1994.Thehouseconsistsofmainhallandtwocourtyards.Thefrontcourtyardislivingquarter,suchaskitchen,wineworkshop,granary,weavingworkshopandteaworkshopetc,wherewillshowyouthetoolsforproductionandliving.Andthebackcourtyardissittingandrestingquarters,suchasbedroomforwholefamily,dininghall,receivinghall,hookhalletc.ThewholehouseisofancientHan-dynastystyle,arrangedbyfamilyrelationshipinacomplicatedway.Walkinginthisbuilding,youaresettingyourselvesinacomplexplaceofsafety,sure,harmonyandsteady.Itfacestosouth,bakingonthenorth,whichbothstandsthehouseholderofcentralimportanceandmeetstherelevantFengShuirequirements.ZizhuYuan(theBlackBambooGarden)Thisgardenwasrebuiltin1992,andthename“ZizhuYuan”waswrittenbyGuoMoruo.Thenamecamefromrelevanthistoricalrecordssaying“theblackbamboowas45 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文onlylivedinthisgarden”.Thiswindingpathwillleadyoutothesecludedgarden.Andtherearemuralpaintingandtabletinscriptionhere,whichallarepraisingthereputationofWangZhaojun.ThegreatpoetDuFuinTangDynastydescribedherlikethis:“TenthousandrangesandvalleysapproachtheJingGate,andthevillageinwhichtheLadyofLightwasbornandbred”,whichwasengravedhere.TheBookHallWangRang,Zhaojun"sfather,depositedhisallbookshere.Henotonlytreatedbooksastreasure,butalsohadgoodfaithinthemoralintegrityofConfuciusandtheloyaltyofQuYuan.Afterdinner,healwayscameheretoreadbooks,andsometimes,hemightinviteteacherfromnearprivateschooltochantedpoemsandodes.Zhaojunoftenwentupstairsandaskedherfatherforadvice，thusitcouldbeseenthatthefatherandthedaughterlovedeachotherdeeply.Oneday,Zhaojunwaspaintingupstairs,whensheheardtheteacherrecitingapoeminthecourtyard.However,theteachercouldn"tgoahead.Soshecontinuedthepoemwiththeremaininglinesshethought,whichwerewelcomebytheteacherandfollowersasanewstylepoem,palindromepoem,whichcanbereadinbothdirections.TheDressingPlatformThisplatformwasrebuiltin1979.It’ssaidthatWangZhaojunusedtodressandplaythezitherhere,whileflyingbirdswereattractedtoaccompanyher.Therearesomestonetablesandseatsdistributedincypresswoods.Soit’safavorableplaceforabreakhere.TheLongCorridorThiscorridorisabout310mlonginstyleoftheHanDynasty.Itwasbuiltin1991.Andallbalustrades,pillarsandbeamsweredecoratedbyHanDynastypictures.Andinthemiddle,therecarved“ImageRecordofZhaojuntoInnerMongolia”.ThelifelikecharactersarevividlytellingusthestoryofWangZhaojun,andhopeofpeachbetweenInnerMongoliaandChina.NanmuWell46 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文It"ssaidthatthiswellwasexcavatedbyWangZhaojunandvillagers.ThereisaNanmu(Phoebezhennan)blockunderthewater,sothewelliscalledNanmuwell.Thewateriscleananddelicious,coolinsummerandwarminwinter.Inhotsummer,thecoolwaterwillcoolyourwholebody;andinicedwinter,youcanenjoythehotwaterfromthisreekywell.In1992,thiswellwasdefinedaskeyProvincialProtectedHistoricalandCulturalSite.Withthiswater,youcancookmuchmoredeliciousrice,soup,tea,andgoodwine.Throughthepastyears,peoplebelievedthatthiswaterwouldeitherbeautifyladiesorstrengthengentlemen.So,youngtouristscomingherewillalwayshaveadrink.Itseemedmoremiraculousthateveninfloodseason,thewellwaterwouldbestillclean;andtheNanmublockcanbeneitherburntonnorcutoff.Inthefirstmonthofautumn,thereoftenformarainbowinthiswellafterrain.It’sreallyingeniousbeyonddescription.XiuxieCave(theEmbroidered-shoeCave)It"ssaidthat,whenZhaojunwasgoingdownstreamalongtheXiangxiRivertothePalace,shemetheavystorminHeilongPond,whereherembroideredshoeswerewetbyspindrift.Thenshelefttheseshoestoherfamily.Analater,thoseshoesweresenttothiscaveformemory.Sinceacoupleoffortieswithoutchildhappenedtohavechildaftertheypaidrespectstotheshoeshere.Therewerelotsofpeoplewithwishescomehereinacontinuousstream,hopingwishestocome.StoneArhatHere,atthewestwingofZizhuYuan(theblackbamboogarden),thereare17stonearhat.IfyouknowaboutalittleBuddhism,youmayfeelstrange.Itoughttobe18arhat,butwhy17here?Infact,thereusedtobe18arhat,whichallweresettledinZhaojunTemple.AboutintheMingDynasty,theZhaojunTempleattractedadailyincreasingfollowing,whichwashatedbyaXiangFamilylivedintheoppositemountain.Inayearoffamine,amoneybagnamedXiangslippedintotheZhaojunTemple,andappliedfoodtothearhatmouthatmidnight.Theninthenextmorning,theypuffedthatallfoodwas47 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文stolenbythe18arhat.Thevillagertookitastrue,andattemptedtobreakallarhat.Althoughpersuadedbytheelders,thevillagerhadbrokenanarhatcompletely.Andthatisthereasonfor17arhat.PlaceforWashingClothingXingshaniswellknownbytheXiangxiRiver,whiletheXiangxiRiveriswellknownbyWangZhaojun.TheXiangxiRiver,originatedfromShennongJia,isthemainstreaminXingshanCounty,thehometownofWangZhaojun.Also,itisthemotherriverofWangZhaojunandQuYuan"sbirthplace.It"ssaidthatWangZhaojunalwayswashedclothinginthisriver,makingtheriverfragrant.ThatwaswhytheriverwasnamedXiangxi,justlikeitsChinesepronunciation.ThefirstChaJing(ClassicofTea)listedtopth24famousteawaterofChina.AndthewaterofXiangxirankedthe14,whichwastheonlyriveramongthem.Atheryoungage,WangZhaojunoftencametothisplacewithotheryounggirlstowashclothing.So,apoemwrittenbyTaoPenginQingDynastysaid,“Zhaojunusedtodressbesidethemountainandwashattheriver;Zhaojunhadbeenaway,leavingafragrantriver.”ZhaojunBridgeThebridgeatthefrontofthememorialarchwayiscalledZhaojunBridge.It’s981.13mintotallength,12minwidth,and30minheight.Andthetrafficlaneis9minwidth.WithtotalinvestmentofRMB15.8millionYuan,theconstructionstartedinMay,1999,andcompletedinOctober,2002.ThishighwaybridgespansovertheXiangxiRiverandtheGufuRiver,connectingthreevillagesnamedseparatelyZhaojunVillage,XiangtanVillageandChenjiaWan,joiningthenationalhighway,theprovincialhighwayandtourspecialway.Ateachend,therestandtwinwhitemarbledrums;whilealongtherailing,theredistribute645whitemarbleblocks.AndthebalustradesarecarvedthestoriesofWangZhaojunbeforesheenteredthePalace.Allthedecorativepatternsdifferfromoneanother.Becausetheyarevariousandexquisite,they’reconsideredtobeanartsceneinZhaojunVillage.48 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文OtherScenicSpotsTheImmigrantNewTownThewaterlevelbehindthefamousThreeGorgesDamhasbeenraisedto175meters,whichdirectlyinundatesthelandof9.296k㎡,covering3towns,23villages,49groups,aformercountyseat,3townseatsand62enterprises.Morethan30,000peopleshouldmovetootherplaces.ApprovedbytheStateCouncil,thecountyseatofXingshanwasmovedfromGaoyangtoGufu.UndertheinstructionsofCPCCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncil,supportedbyallthepeopleinthecountryandHunanProvince,DalianCityandotherProvincialGovernmentmigrants,anewly-builtcountywassetupalongtheXiangxiRiverthroughten-yearhardwork.Thecountywhichiswell-knowninscenery,ecologicalenvironment,tourismandcultureheldagrandcelebrationonSeptember28,2002.ItwasawardedthetitlesofChinaHabitatEnvironmentPrizeParadigm,NationalCivilizedandSanitaryTownandNationalGardenCity.XingshanFolk-customMuseumThefolk-custommuseumisacommunicationanddisplayplatformbasedonGufudwellings,suchastheoldhousesofChenBoyan,WuHanzhangandthegatetoamonastery,whichisakeyProvincialProtectedHistoricalandCulturalSite.Itcovers2937㎡andthebuildingareais1500squaremeters,aimingtoinheritandprotectfolkculturefilledwithcharacteristicoflocalityandtradition.Thismuseumtakesadvantageofalmost1,000piecesofclassicalfurniture,instrumentsofproduction,woodcarvingandhandicraftstofullyreflectthehistoryandculture,customandhabitsofXingshan.Meanwhile,visitorswillappreciateandexperiencethelonghistoryandmassiveculture.BaiyangStockadedVillageBaiyangStockadedVillageliesinthesouthwestofNanyangtowninXingshancounty.ItwasintheplacewhereLiLaiheng,agrandnephewofLiZichengwhowasawell-knownleaderofthepeasantuprisinginthelateMingDynastythatheinsistedon49 三峡大学MTI硕士学位论文goldenmonkeyetc.ShennongCaveThereisamysteriousandmagicalcaveonthe209nationalroadfromXingshantoShennongjia.Accordingtolegend,YanEmperorShennongShi,thefirstancestorofHuaxia(anancientnameforChina)oncetastedhundredsofherbalmedicinehere,sothecavewascalledaftertheemperor’sname.ShennongCavewascorrodedbylimestoneandpresentedararestoreystructurewithwideupperendandnarrowbottom.Therearedifferentkarstlandscapeindifferentstoreys,mainlystalactite,stalagmite,peristele,purdahsinter,manyofwhicharetensofmetershighsothatadozenpeoplecanencirclethem,andmanyofwhicharesotinythattheyarecalculatedatcentimeter.Asforseveralswagsinthecave,theyareverycleanandcool,justlikeendlesssprings.51 《兴山旅游文本》英译项目报告--目的论视角下的旅游文本英译作者：甘亚妮学位授予单位：三峡大学参考文献(3条)1.平洪文本功能与翻译策略[期刊论文]-中国翻译2002(05)2.张建平,陈二春论旅游文本的语篇功能与英译[期刊论文]-商场现代化2007(04)3.张锦兰目的论与翻译方法[期刊论文]-中国科技翻译2004(01)引用本文格式：甘亚妮《兴山旅游文本》英译项目报告--目的论视角下的旅游文本英译[学位论文]硕士2013'