广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗（上）》字幕翻译项目报告

'万方数据P啊ectReportontheSubtitleTranslationofDocumentaryTittle··tattleofGuangxiCountrysideofGuangxiTelevisionABS’瞰CTAsadocumentary,theTittle—tattleofGuangxiCountrysideofOuangxiTelevisionhelpspeoplefromhomeandabroadtounderstandGuangxibetter．ItisapositivepublicitytopromotetheimageofOuangxiinthefieldoftourism，economicdevelopment,regionalcustomsandculture．GiventheChinesesoundbiteandChinesesubtitles，thoseforeignaudienceswillprobablyhavedifficultiesinunderstandingthedocumentarywithoutEnglishsubtitles．Morgan,aBritishsubtitletranslationexpertfromChannel4oncesaid，“agoodsubtitlecouldnotsaveanawfulfilm，butalow-qualitysubtitlewouldabsolutelyruinagoodone(Morgan，2001：161)．Therefore，subtitletranslationofhighqualitycanundoubtedlypromotepublicity．TheChinese-EnglishprojectoriginatedfromthedocumentaryTittle-tattleofGuangxiCountrysideofGuangxiTelevisionconsiStsoftwoparts，20，044wordsofChinesecharactersintotal．TheauthorwasresponsibleforPartI，10，000Chinesecharactersoffourepisodes：haircut,flutingcotton,delicaciesofchildhoodandthelegendofbirdfeathereddress．Thisreportmainlyconsistsofthefollowingparts，namely,pre-translationpreparation,analysisofthetext,differentcopingstrategiescombiningwithrelatedtheories，proofreadingandevaluation．UndertheguidanceofNewmark’STextTypology,copingstrategies，suchascommunicativetranslation,semantictranslationanddeductionwereappliedtodealwiththedifficultiesappearinginthisproject．TheauthorhopesthatthispaperCanprovidesomeenlightenmentandinspirationforherfellowpractitioners．Keywords：SubtitleTranslation；CommunicativeTranslation；SemanticTranslation；Deduction 万方数据Acknowledgement⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯．．．．ChineseAbstract⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯．．⋯．．EnglishAbstract⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯．Contents．．mChapter1TaskDescription⋯⋯⋯⋯．．⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯11．1．NatureoftheText．．⋯．⋯．⋯⋯．⋯．⋯⋯．⋯．⋯．⋯．⋯．⋯⋯．⋯．⋯⋯．⋯⋯．⋯．⋯．．⋯．⋯⋯．⋯．⋯．⋯⋯．．．11．2．TaskPreparation⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯3Chapter2TranslationProcedure⋯．⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯．．⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯．．52．1．TheTranslationStrategiesandMethods⋯．⋯⋯⋯⋯．⋯．．⋯．⋯．⋯⋯．．⋯．⋯．⋯⋯．⋯．⋯．⋯⋯．．．．52．2．TheFormationoftheTranslationStyle⋯．⋯．⋯．⋯．⋯．⋯．⋯．⋯⋯．⋯⋯．⋯．．⋯．⋯．．⋯⋯．．⋯⋯．．．7Chapter3CaseStudiesandRespectiveCopingTactics⋯．3．1．Deletion．⋯．⋯．⋯．⋯．⋯．⋯．⋯⋯．⋯⋯．⋯．．⋯⋯．⋯．⋯．⋯⋯．⋯．⋯⋯．⋯⋯．⋯．⋯．．⋯．⋯⋯．⋯．⋯．⋯⋯⋯93．3．ReductiveParaphrasing⋯⋯．⋯⋯．⋯．⋯⋯⋯．⋯⋯．⋯⋯⋯．⋯．⋯．⋯⋯．．⋯．⋯．．⋯⋯．⋯⋯⋯．⋯⋯．．123．4SemanticTranslation．⋯．⋯⋯．⋯⋯．⋯⋯⋯．⋯⋯⋯．⋯⋯．⋯．⋯⋯．⋯⋯．⋯．⋯⋯．⋯⋯．⋯．⋯．⋯．⋯．．153．5．CommunicativeTranslation．⋯．⋯⋯⋯⋯．⋯．⋯．⋯．⋯⋯．⋯⋯．⋯．⋯⋯．⋯．．⋯．⋯⋯．⋯．⋯．⋯．⋯．．18Chapter4Post-translationSummary⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯．．21Chapter5Conclusion⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯．．．⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯．Bibfiography⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯．．⋯⋯AppendixISourceText⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯23⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯．：15⋯⋯⋯．．27AppendixHTranslationText．⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯．．．⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯．．43AppendixmWorkCertificate⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 万方数据广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告1．INatureoftheTextChapter1TaskDescriptionTheTittle-tattleofGuangxiCountryside，adocumentarymadebyOuangxiTelevision,isentrustedtotheauthortotranslatetheChinesesubtitlesintoEnglishones．ItisaimedatrecordingthelivelihoodandcraftsmanshipofOuangxipeopleandpromotingthecultureofminoritygroupsinOuangxitotheoutsideworld．Hence，documentaryofthiskindhelpspeoplefromhomeandabroadtounderstandOuangxibetter．ItisapositivepublicitytopromotetheimageofGuangxiinthefieldoftourism，economicdevelopment,regionalcustomsandculture．Sincenoteveryforeignaudienceunderstandsthesourcelanguage，qualityofsubtitleinthetargetlanguagewilldeeplyaffecttheirunderstanding．GiventheChinesesoundbiteandChinesesubtitle，foreignaudiences，withouttheassistanceoftheEnglishsubtitle，probablycannotcomprehendtheinsandoutsofthedocumentaryata11．Therefore，subtitletranslationofhighqualityismorethanimportant．PeterNewmark,averysignificantcontemporarytranslationtheorist,dividesthefunctionoflanguageintosixcategories(i．e．expressivefunction,informativefunction,vocativefunction，phaticfunction,aestheticfunctionandmetalingualfunction)onthebasisofpredecessors’theories．Hebelievesthattextofanytypecouldhaveoneormorefunctions，butoftengivesprioritytooneofthem．Newmark(2001a：40)defines‘"thecoreoftheinformativefunctionliesinexternalcontext,essenceofatopicandotherexternalmatters，includingreportedideasortheories”．Thatmeanstheinformativefunctionattachesmoreimportancetothetruth．‘‘Theemphasisofexpressivefunctionisthespeaker,thewriterandtheoriginatoroftheutterance”(Newmark,2001a：39)．While‘"thecoreofvocativefunctionistheaddressee’’(Newmark，2001a：41)．Newmark(2001a：42)holdstheviewthat“fewtextsarepurelyexpressive，informativeorvocative：mostincludealtthreefunctions，withoneemphasisovertheothers”．Atranslator’Sfocusvariesinthetranslatingprocessaccordingtodifferenttext-typesand 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告functions．Subtitletranslationisoneofthetexttranslations．“Subtitleisaprintedstatementordialoguefragmentappearingonthescreenbetweenthescenesofasilentmotionpictureorappearingasatranslationatthebottomofthescreenduringthescenesofamotionpictureortelevisionshowinaforeignlanguage’’(MerriamWebster’SCollegiateDictionarytentheditionSpringfield，1997：75)．AccordingtoOxforddictionary,‘"wordsthattranslatewhatissaidinafilm／movieintoadifferentlanguageandappearonthescreenatthebottom．Subtitlesalealsoused，especiallyontelevision,tohelpdeafpeople(OxfordAdvancedLearner’SEnglish-ChineseDictionary,2005：1763．)．Jakobson(1971：261)oncedividedthesubtitletranslationinto3kinds：intralingualsubtitle，interlingualsubtitleandintersemiotictranslation．“bmaliI馨laltranslationorrewordingisaprocessintranslatingthesamelanguageintoanotherform”(Jakobson,1971：261)．Toputitsimple，intralingualsubtitletranslationistotransformthespokenlanguageintothewrittenversionofthesamelanguage．Gottlieb(2005：4)furthersubdividedtheintra-lingualsubtitletranslationintofourkinds，namely,diachronictranslation，dialectaltranslation，diamesictranslationandtransliteration．Inpractice，SOUrcelanguagewillbetranslatedintotargetlanguagefirst,andthenthetargetlanguagesubtitlewillbesynchronizedwithimages．ThetargetsubtitleCanappearwiththeSOUrceoneatthesametime，oritCanappearonlybyitsel￡TotranslatethesubtitleofTittle—tattleofGuangxiCountryside,theprocessgoesthroughtwostages．Firstistheintra-lingualstage，inwhichthespokenChineseWastransformedintothewrittenversion．Instagetwo，theauthortranslatedthewrittenversionintoEnglish．Gottlieb(1994：101)regardsthistransformingprocessas“diagonaltranslation”．Subtitlehastechnicalconstraints．Guardini(1998：97)pointedoutthatthetwotechnicalconstraintsofsubtitlingare‘ttimeandspaceofpresentation,[both]imposedbytheori豇nal”．Duetoconstraintsoftimeandspace，theprimaryrequirementofdocumentarysubtitle，whichisdifferentfromothertypesoftranslation，istodeliverthemostrelevantinformationinthemosteffectiveway(Li，2001：39)．Targetlanguagesubtitleshavetodeliverasmuchinformationaspossibleincorrespondingwiththeoriginalones．Besides，everylineofthesubtitlesCanonlystayfor2-3secondsonthescreenforaudience’Seasyscanning．Ifthe2 万方数据广西大掌专业硬士掌位论文广西电视台纪景片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告sentencesweretoolongorcomplicated，itwouldhavenegativeinfluencesontheaudience．Thus，simple，clearandeasy-to-understandwordsandsentencesalevitalforsubtitletranslation．Afterpre-translationanalysis，theauthorcametorealizethatthistranslationprojectshouldbeclassifiedasinter-lingualsubtitletranslationwithinformativefunctionandvocativefunctionasitsemphasis，sincethepurposeofthedocumentaryistorecordthelivelihoodandcraftsmanshipof6uangxipeopleandtopromotethecultureofminoritygroupsinGuangxi．Asaresult,moleattentionshouldbepaidtotherealityandfacticityofthetranslation．Andtheauthorneededtocautionherselftodothetranslationinanaccurate，clearandsimplemanner．1．2TaskPreparationThistranslationprojectisprovidedbyGuangxiTelevision．WhattheauthorandherparlnerneedtodoistotranslatetheChinesedocumentarysubtitleintoEnglishones．Thewholeprojectcontains20，044words，whichisdividedintotwoparts．TheauthorisinchargeofPartI，including10，000Chinesewords．Takingthecontents，levelofdifficultyofthecontextandthetimescheduleintoconsideration,theauthorandherpartnerdecidedtofinishthewholeprojectwithin2months．Thescheduleofthetaskislistedasbelow：DateTaskExpected—outcomesNovember,2014Pre-translationcommunication：Firstdrai}IIntroductiononthepurpose，content,texttypeandsignificanceoftheproject；Labordivision．December,2014Teamdiscussion；FinalversionRevisionandexamination．Beforestartingtranslation,theauthorleadtheChinesesubtitletextforseveraltimesandascertainedtheEnglishexpressionsforsomegeographicalnames，terminologiesandnew3 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片((乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告wordswiththehelpoftheIntemet,onlinedictionaryandelectronicdictionary．Besides，theauthoralsohadadiscussionmeeting谢thherpartnertofigureoutthepurpose，content，texttypeofthisprojectandmakethelabordivision．Afterthemeeting，theauthormanagedtofetchoutsomedocumentsasherguidingreferences．LiChangshuan(2009：91)statedintheNon—literaltranslationthatparalleltextscouldbeserved嬲references，wi也similarorrelevantcontentsofthesourcetext．Withthehelpoftheparalleltext,thetranslationprocesswouldbemucheasierandfaster．However,aftersearchingtheIntemetforseveraltimes，theauthorWasstillunabletofindanyparalleltext,whichundoubtedlyincreasesthedifficultyforthetranslationtask．Inconsequence，theauthorstartedtotranslatethisbrandnewdocumentaryallbyherself舶mtheverybeginning。Inordertoguaranteethequalityofthistranslationtask，theauthordecidedtoadoptaThree-levelproofreading，whichwillbeexplainedindetailinChapter4．Three-levelproofreadingmeansthreebilingualreadersorEnglishspeakerswillreviewthetranslationtexttoimprovethefaithfulnessandaccuracyofthetranslation．Theauthorbe．1ievesthatwithcarefulexaminationandproofreading，thequalityofthetranslationversioncouldbepushedtoahigherlevel．4 万方数据广西大掌专业硬士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾追(上)》字幕翻译项目报告Chapter2TranslationProcedure2．1TheTranslationStrategi姻andMethodsPeterNewmarkproposestwostrategiestosettledifferenttranslationproblems，i．e．SemanticTranslationandCommunicativeTranslation．Newmarkbelievesthatfaithfulnesstotheoriginaltextandtothetranslationversionisnotanirreconcilablecontradiction,infact,aslongasweobserveitfromanotherperspective，divergencesbetweenthemarenotashugeasitseemstobe(Liao，2001：189)．Forthisreason,headoptedaV-shapedfiguretoillustratethedivergencesbetweenthetranslationmethodsmentionedabove(Newmark,2001a：45)．LiteraltranslationTLemphasisAdaptationFai喇translationIdiomatictranslationSemantictranslationCommunicativetranslationFromtheaboveV-shapedfigure，welearnthatliteraltranslationandfaithfidtranslationaresubordinatetosemantictranslation,whereascommunicativetranslationpossessesthedistinctfeaturesoffreetranslationandidiomatictranslation．"Commentingonthesemethods，Ishouldfirstsaythatonlysemanticandcommunicativetranslationfulfillthetwomainaimsoftranshtion,whicharefirst,accuracy,andsecond，economy”(Newrnark,2001a：64)．InhisbooLApproachestoTranslation，Newmark(2001b：44)statesthat“sincetheoverridingfactorindecidinghowtotranslateistheintrinsicimportanceofeverysemanticunitinthetext,itfollowsthatthevastmajorityoftextsrequirecommunicativelatherthatsemantictranslation．Whileontheotherhand,‘‘anyimportantstatementrequiresaversionasclosetotheoriginallexicalandgrammaticalstructuresasisobtainable”(Newmark,2001b：44)．Therefore，semantictranslationismoreoftenusedtotranslatetextsrelatedtothoughts．Whilecommunicativetranslationisadoptedfortextswithmoreemphasisoninformation．Newmark5 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告(2001a：67)alsoremindsreadersthat‘‘1wouldliketogroupinformativeandvocativetextstogetherassuitableforcommunicativetranslation”．Fromthispointofview,wecallsaythatalargeproportionoftranslationisdoneunderthetheoryofcommunicativetranslation．InhisbookofApproachestoTranslation，Newmark(2001b：39)setscleardefinitionsforsemantictranslationandcommunicativetranslation．‘‘Semantictranslationattemptstorender,ascloselyasthesemanticandsyntacticstructuresofthesecondlanguageallow,theexactcontextualmeaningoftheoriginal．”Communicativetranslationisdi您习旧ntfromthesemantictranslationinthewaythatit‘‘attemptstoproduceonitsreadersaneffectascloseaspossibletothatobtainedonthereadersoftheoriginal”(Newrnark，2001b：39)．Communicativetranslationhighlightsmoreontheeffectofcommunication．Itrequiresthetranslationversiontobefluent，idiomaticandeasytounderstand．Tothisend，translatorsneedtousecommonwordsandphrasesorridthemselvesoftheoriginalstructureofthesourcelanguage．Whilesemantictranslationhastoconveythemeaningoftheoriginaltextpreciselyandkeep“suniquefeatures．Withthatbeingsaid,semantictranslationandcommtmicativetranslationarenotoppositetoeachother,instead，theyarehighlycomplementary．TranslatorsortranslationpractitionersoftenapplysemantictranslationandcommunicativetranslationinonesingleNewmark(2001b：44)statedinhisbook，‘"mostnon-literarywriting，journalism，informativearticlesandbooks，textbooks，reports，scientificandtechnologicalwritingandpublicity,comprisetypicalmaterialsuitableforcommunicativetranslation．’’Healsostated“o啦inalexpression,wherethespecificlanguageofthespeakerorwriterisasimportantasthecontent,whetheritisphilosophical，political，scientific，technicalorliterary,needstobetranslatedsemantically”(Newmark,2001b：44)．Thatistosay,themoreimportanttheoriginaltextis，themorepreciseitshouldbetranslated．UndertheguidanceofNewmark’Stheory,theauthorbelievedthattheessenceoftheoriginaltextdecidesthetranslationmethodshewouldliketoadopt．Thatmeans，somesentences，whichareengrossed晰tllthoughtsandliving-philosophy,needtobetranslatedwiththetheoryofsemantictranslation,whileasforsentencesforcommunication，other6 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告translationmethodswillbeusedflexiblybytheauthor．ItiswidelyacknowledgedthatsubtitlehastobesynchmnizedwiththeorigiI谢sound．Whendeal蚍withsubtitletranslation,translatorshavetotaketheconstraintsoftimeandspaceintoaccount．Thus，theyoftenadoptsimplificationanddeductiontodelivertheprimaryormainideasofthetext．Becauseofthelimitsoftimeandspace，deductionisoftenemployedforsubtitletranslation．Intheactualpracticefortranslation,translatorscouldadoptdeductionasthecopingmethod．Heredeductioncanbesubdividedintocondensation,reductiveparaphrasinganddeletion(Li，2001：39)．TheauthorwillillustrateitindetailinChapter3．2．2TheFormationoftheTranslationStyleSubtitlesalesentencestaggedonthebottomofthescreentohelpaudienceunderstandwhatthemotionpicture，televisionshowordocumentaryispresenting．FortheTittle-tattleofGuangxiCountryside，subtitleintargetlanguageisindispensable，withoutit,foreignaudiencehasnochanneltofigureoutthecontentortheconnotationoftheprogram．Nedergaard-Larsen(1993：212)holdstheopinionthatsubtitleisawrittentextoracondensedtranslationoftheoriginallanguage．TheprocessofmakingsubtitleCanbedividedintothreesteps，namely,deliveryoftheinterlingualinformation,simplificationorconcentrationofthepassagesandconvertingthespokenlanguageintothewrittenone．Thelattertwofeaturesmakesubtitletranslationdifferentfromothertranslationpractices．UnlikeIranslationofnovelsortextbooks，subtitleofadocumentaryisirreversible，becauseitwillflashacrossthescreeninashorttime．Hence，peoplecannotreversebacktoscansentences(Qian,2000：62)．Guardini(1998：98)pointedoutthatthepresentationtimeofthesubtitleisdictatedbythedurationoftheutteranceintheoriginalversionandthereadingspeedoftheviewers(asthesubtitlesneedtobereadableeventoslowreaders)；healsomentionedthatthevisualinformationgivenonthescreen,whichalsoneedstoheperceivedclearlybytheviewer,andtheeditingstyleadoptedinthefilmwouldhaveeffectonthepresentationtimeofthesubtitle(Guardini，1998：98)．ThetranslatorhastominimiTethepossiblelossofinformation．7 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文．广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告Besides，translatorsalsoneedtomaximizethedeliveryofmessageandensurethereisenoughtimefortheaudiencetoreadthroughthesubtitles．Accordingtothepre-tmnslationanalysis，wegottoknowthatsubtitletranslationisascertainedtobeaccurate，concise，fluentandeasytounderstand，becausethetargetsubtitleshavetoconveymostoftheimportantinformationinaccordancewiththeoriginal‘soundinashorttime．Thus，comparedwithothertypesoftranslation，subtitletranslationismoredifficultforitstimeandspacelimitation(Zheng，2011：76)．Generallyspeaking，audiencesonlyhave2to3secondstoglanceovereverylineofthesubtitle．Ifthesentencesweretoolongortoocomplicated，itwouldhavenegativeinfluenceontheinstantcomprehensionoftheaudience．Therefore，inordertoavoiddistraction，thereshouldbetwolinesofEnglishandonelineofChineseeachtimeatmost．Otherwise，toomuchofthetelevisionscreenwillbecovered．Besides，theChinesecharactersperlineshouldnotexceed13，becausetoomanyChinesewordswilldilutetheaudience’Sattention(Ou，1991：337)．Thus，wordsthatalesimple，conciseandeasytounderstandwouldbepreferredforsubtitletranslation．Lessparenthesis，participialconstructionandsubordinateclausewouldbesuitableinabidtoachievebetterunderstandingoftheaudience(Li，2001：39)．8 万方数据广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告Chapter3CaseStudiesandRespectiveCopingTacticsNormally,thepurpose，featureandreaderofthetextdecidewhichtranslationmethodshouldbeadopted．Thelittle-tattleofGuangxiCountrysideisadocumentarythatrecordsthelivelihoodandcraftsmanshipofGuangxipeopleandpromotesthecultureofminoritygroupsinGuangxi．Moreover,subtitletranslationhasitsowndistinctfeatures；thetranslatorshouldtaketheaudience’Sneedsanddifficultylevelofthetextintoconsideration．Asarule，translatorsneedtochoosecommon,simpleandconcisesentencestoexpressmostoftheinformation．BasedontheanalysisandNewmark"stheory,theauthorwasmanagedtofigureoutsomecopingstrategiesandskillsforthistask,whichwillbedisclosedasfollows．Deletionisatranslationskilladoptedwhentheoriginalinformationisinsignificanttothecognitiveactivityoftheaudiencewithinlimitedtimeandspace．Ifthetranslatorfindstheinformationthatisredundant,meaninglessandleastimportant,he／shecanchoosetoomitit(Li，2001：39)．Inotherwords，whenadoptingthemethodofdeletion,theauthorshouldensurewhetherthesentencesalesuitableforthisskillornotbasedontheprincipleofrelevance．Inanutshell，forthesakeofsavingmoretimeandspace，sentencesthatarelessimportantorredundantwouldgivewaytothosehighlyrelevanttotheaudience’Scognitiveactivity．Consequently,deletionwouldbewidelyusedinsubtitletranslation．Example1：天下之大，饿不死手艺人。这句千古名训，富含着中国人勤劳以生存的深层哲理。特殊的技艺，通常是父传子、子传孙、子子孙孙一代一代传下去。周敬容就是从父亲那里学到了手工弹棉花的技艺。Rendition1：Thebigworldhasnocraftsmanstarvingtodeath．Thisoldsayingembodiesthein却thphilosophyoftheChinesepeople，whohavethrivedbyhardworking．Somespecialcraftsmanshipisnormallypasseddownfromthefathertotheson,andthenextgenerationsjustfollowsuit．Zhoulearntthehandmadecotton-fluffingtechniquefromhis9 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告Intheaboveexample，deletionisusedtoremovesomeuselessandredundantinformation(Li，2001：39)，forinstance，“父传子、子传孙、子子孙孙一代一代传下去”，iftheauthortranslateditinadirectway,thetranslationversionwouldbetedious．Thustheauthorprefersthegeneralizedversionof“fromthefathertotheson，andthenextgenerationsjustfollowsuit"’anddeletestherestpartofsentences．Example2：杆洞屯村民罗荣光：很重要的，这个百鸟衣好像以前，好像我们过节啊、踩堂啊这样子，如果你没有的，就不好意思进堂只能在旁边看这样子。这个传起来呢，也是好像你妈妈，留给你的女儿。你女儿作妈妈了呢，还留给女儿，这样子的。Rendition2：LuoRongguang(avillageO：ThisdressisveryimportantduringsomefestivalsandontheDayofDancingandSinging，ifsomeonedoesn’thaveone，he／shewillbeembarrassed．He／sheCanonlystandonthesideandwatchtheothers．Thisdressishandeddownfrommothertodaughter．Likewise，thesentenceofexample2“这个传起来呢，也是好像你妈妈，留给你的女儿。你女儿作妈妈了呢，还留给女儿，这样子的”istwospokensentencesthathavethesamemeaning．InaccordancewiththeinstructionofLiYunxing(2001：39)，somerepeatedorredundantinformationcouldbeomitted，therefore，theauthordecidedtodeleteonesentence“你女儿作妈妈了呢，还留给女儿，这样子的”andonlytranslatedtheformersentenceinpursuitofaclear,conciseandshortsentence．3．2CondensationSubtitlehastoappearsimultaneouslywiththeimage·motionofthedocumentary．Audiencesoftenhaveonetoseveralsecondstosinkintheinformation．Itisnotnecessaryforsubtitletostayonthescreenfortoolonginavoidanceofrepeatedreading(Cintas，2008：95)．BartrinaandEspasa(2005：95)alsopointedoutthatthesubtitlenormallystaysfor2to3secondsonthescreen．Presentationtimeofthesubtitlelargelydependsonitslength．Asaresult,condensationisawisechoiceforsubtitletranslation，especiallyforthose 万方数据广西大掌专业硬士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遣(上)》字幕翻译项目报告longandtedioussentences．Herecondensationmeansthatthetranslatoronlytranslatestheessenceormainideaoftheoriginaltext(Li，2001：39)．Example3：弹棉工序最安全，最省力的就是牵纱线。牵纱是为了固定弹好的棉花；一根牵纱杆子，抛出一根根纱线，两个人搭档，由纲至目，纲目交错，把整方棉花网状般均匀而密密匝匝地双面封个严实。Rendition3：Thesafestpartistofluffthecottonandthemostlaborsavingpart‘istostretchtheyarn．Stretchingyamisforfixingthefluffedcotton．Yam-stletchingpolewillbeusedtothrowoutyarns；twopartnerscancoverthewholecottonevenlyanddenselywithyamsintwosidesfromhorizontaltoperpendiculardirection．Inthisexample，iftheauthorcompletelytranslatedthesentence“由纲至目，纲目交错，，，thetranslationversionwouldbeundoubtedlycomplicatedandlong．Besidesthat,there’isnoconceptof“纲目"inwestemculture．Hence，theauthorhastoexplainwhatis“纲目"totheaudience，whichundoubtedlywilltakemoletimeandoccupymolespace．AccordingtoBartrinaandEspasa(2005：95)，therealenormally2to3secondsforeachlineofsubtitle，objectivelyleavingnosparetimeforextraexplanationonthecomplicatedyetnotveryimportantinformation．Bearingthisinmind,theauthoronlytranslatedtheterm“由纲至目，纲目交错”into“fromhorizontaltoperpendiculardirection”．Chineseprefersrepeatedwords，like“密密匝匝”，whichactualmeaningisdense．Sotheauthoremployedcondensationintranslatingthesentenceof“两个人搭档，由纲至目，纲目交错，把整方棉花网状般均匀而密密匝匝地双面封个严实”．Example4：【字幕：糖画艺人鄢小刚】我们现在是一种回忆性的甜其实现在很多食品比糖好吃大把吃但是我们的心态包括我很多顾客他就是一种回忆性的味道回忆小时候的那种甜蜜蜜那是一种生活的回忆 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告也是一种对我们童年的回忆。Rendition4：Thiskindofsweetisthememoryofmanypeople．Actuallymuchmorefoodtastebetterthansugarnow．Butmostcustomers，includingme，aremissingthesweetnessofourchildhood．Oneimportantprincipleofsubtitletranslationisrelevance(Li，2001：39)．Tobemorespecific，inordertosavemoretimeandspace，theauthorhastoremovesomeoftheirrelevantandsuperfluousinformation．Example4istheexpressionofasugarartistduringtheinterview．Inthissentence，“但是我们的心态包括我很多顾客，他就是一种回忆性的味道，回忆小时候的那种甜蜜蜜，那是一种生活的回忆，也是一种对我们童年的回忆”．WeCanfindmanyrepeatedwords，andhence，theauthorchoosesthemethodofcondensationformoreconciseyetcomprehensiverenditions．Example5：时代变迁，岁月更迭，这件百鸟衣已经是广西境内现存最老的百鸟衣了。它也自然而然地成为了现在苗族百鸟衣制作的蓝本。Rendition5：Astimepassesby,thisbirdfeathereddressbecomestheoldestoneinGuangxi．Naturally,itisregardedastheoriginalversionfordress-makingoftheMiaoPeople．The"时代变迁，岁月更迭inexample5isoftenseeninChinese，becauseChinesepeopleprefertousefour-characterexpressions．However,thesetwoexpressionsstandforthesamemeaning．AsHuangYouyi(2004：29)said，‘"thebesttranslationisnotword-for-wordlranslation,butreprocessingtheChineseinlinewiththethinkinghabitsofforeignaudiences”．Asaresult，theauthorendeavoredtotranslateitinto“astimepassesby”．Thoughthetranslationversionisnotaspoeticastheoriginalversion,themaininformationisconveyedinthesimpleandclearway．3．3ReduetiveParaphrasingReductiveparaphrasingistotranslateorparaphrasethecoremeaningoftheoriginaltextthroughshortersentencesandcommonlyusedexpressions(Li，2001：39)．Whenencountering 广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告abstractorcomplicatedsentences，translatorshavethealternativetoparaphrasetheminaplainmanner．Consequently,theaudiencecanunderstandtheinformatione缌ny．Reductivehastoshiftparaphrasingisquitedifferentfromcondensationanddeletion,becausetheauthorherfocusonexplainingtheimplicationsofthetextinsteadofdeletingorcompressingit．Here，theauthorpickedoutseveralexamplesforanalysis．Example6：在南宁水街的一条巷子里，李阿婆也在做着自己的营生，这些一条条从簸箕上滚落的胖乎乎的条状物，就是南方人喜爱的小吃一粉虫。粉虫的做法很简单，用磨好的生米粉混合一定比例的熟米粉，均匀揉搓成团，在高低错落的簸箕底部粘上少许生油，以防沾底，在簸箕上搓捻面团，印上环形花纹，这样一来，条状的米粉看起来像极了虫子，所以老百姓把它称为“粉虫"。Rendition6：GrandmaLiearnsherlivinginonealleyofShuijie，Nanning．Thesechubbydownfromthefanareoneofthefavoritesnacks．Itiscalledstripsrollingwinnowingworm-shapedricenoodlebypeopleinSouthChina．Themakingprocessisveryeasy．Firstly,themilledrawriceflourwithproportionalcookedriceflOur,andevenlykneadingmixingzkq20160323themintoapaste．Secondly,pouringsomeunboiledoilonthebottomofthewinnowingfanincasethepastestickstothebottom．Thenkneadingthepasteonthewinnowingfantoimprintring-likepatterns．8ydoi．gthis，thericestriplookslikeWOrmverymuch,thusitwinsthenameofworm-shapedricenoodle．“粉虫”isafoodnameinChinese．IftheauthortranslatedthisChinesenameinto“flourworm’’byword-for-wordtranslation,itwillmakeno∞潞etotheforeignaudience．Subtitlewill“flashacrossthescreeninashorttime”皿i，2001：39)，consequently,forei弘audiencemaygetconfusoglontheunfamiliarinformationwithinlimitedtime．Thus，reductiveparaphrasingwasadopted．Theauthorchosetoparaphrase“粉虫’’into‘"worm-shapedricenoodle”byadopting“commonlyusedexpression"’皿i，2001：39)，whichismorevividandeasytounderstand．BydoingSO，audiencescangettheconnotationofthisChineseexpressionwithouttheslightestdifficulty．Example7：扯棉，也叫擦棉，这是加IIEI棉胎的第一道工序，使用的工具是一块布满铁钉的木板铲头，固定约六十颗铁钉，将棉花与铁钉摩擦，扯掉旧棉胎原有的纱线，13万方数据 广西大学专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告拉散棉的纤维，使之变得蓬松；棉絮承受着拉力，最大限度地撕扯开棉的纤维。Rendition7：Fluffingcotton，alsocalledrubbingcotton，isthefirstprocedureofmakingoldcottonwadding．Thecrafbmanusesaboardshovelfi)【cdwith60ironnails，torubthecottonSOastopullofftheoriginalyamsandmakethefibrelooseandfluffy．Thecottonfibrebearsthetensileforcethattearsapartthefibretothelargestextent．．Theoriginaltextofexample7iscomposedofseveralsegments．Tomakethesentencemoreconciseandneat,shortersentencesareusedto‘"translateorparaphrasethecoremeaningoftheoriginaltext"’皿i，2001：39)．“一块布满铁钉的木板铲头，固定约六十颗铁钉”inexample7couldbetranslatedas“一块固定有60颗铁钉的木板铲头"(aboardshovelfixedwith60ironnails)，inthiswaythesyntacticstructurecouldbemoreneatandorderly．Usingthephrase“SOasto”torevealtherelevancebetweenthesegments“将棉花与铁钉摩擦”and“扯掉旧棉胎原有的纱线，拉散棉的纤维，使之变得蓬松”．Theauthoralsoparaphrasedthesentence“拉散棉的纤维，使之变得蓬松"bytheadjectives“松散与蓬松”toshortenthesentences．zkq20160323Example8：调弓，非常讲究技巧，必须有数年的弹棉经验，才能掌握弓弦的松紧度，像拉琴一样，弦要调出标准。如果弓弦太松，弹棉时力度不够，弹不开棉花；弓弦太紧，击打时震动的幅度小，与棉花的接触面不够，行话叫做“不缠棉”。Rendition8：Adjustingabowstringishighlydemanding．OnlythecraftsmanwhohasyearsofexperienceinfluffingcottonCanhaveagoodcontrolonthetightnessofthebowstring．Similartotheviolin，settingthebowstringalsohasitsownstandard．Ifitweretooloose，theforceofthebowstringwouldnotbeenoughtofluffthecotton；conversely,ifthebowstringweretootight,thebeatingareawouldbesmall．Or,wecallit‘"notabletoentanglethecotton"’interminology．Aboveistherevisedversionoftranslation．Iftheauthortranslatestheparagraphbyfaithfultranslation，theversionwouldbeasfollows．Adjustingabowstringishighlydemanding．OnlyseasonedonesCantakegoodcontrolofthetightnessofit．Thisissimilartoplayingtheviolin,settingthebowstringalsonegdstosetstandard．ffthebowstringweretooloose，thentheforceoffluffimgwouldnotbeabletofluff14万方数据 广西大掌专业硬士学位论文广西电视台纪录片((乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告thecotton；conversely,ifthebowstringweretootigh：t，whenbeatingthebowstring，thevibrationrangewouldbesmall，whichwillresultinlesscontactareaswithcotton．Thejargoncalledit“notabletoentanglewithcotton"’．Sentencesshownabovearemorecomplicatedandlonger,however,thesubtitlecanonlystayonthescreenforashorttime．Theaudienceshavenotimetoreadthroughthesentencescarefullyandslowly(Qian,2000：62)．Unlikebookreaders，audiencesofthisdocumentarycannotturnthemessagebackwardforbetterunderstanding．Bearingthisinmind,theauthorattemptstoensurethecohesionandcoherenceoftheinformation,andmakesthesentencesshortandeasytounderstand．Inthisway,audiencewouldacquiremoreinformationwithslightesteffort．3．4SemanticTranslationTheTittle—tattleofGuangxiCountrysideconsistsof7episodeswithdifferentsubjects．Thelistedexamplesaleselectedfromzkqtheepisodes20160323ofFluffingCottonandLegendoftheBirdfeathereddress．FluffingCottonismainlyaboutthespecializedtechniquesandequipment．LegendoftheBirdfeathereddressillustrateshowpeoplelivinginthemountainsmakeuseofthenaturalresourcestomakebeautifuldress．Semantictranslationattemptstorender,ascloselyasthesemanticandsyntacticstrllcturesofthesecondlanguageallow,theexactcontextualmeaningoftheoriginal(Newmark，2001b：39)．Asthisdefinitionindicates，inaccordancewiththemeaningofthetargetlanguageandsyntacticstructures，thetranslatorshouldreproducetheinformationoftheoriginaltextasaccurateaspossible，neverthelessnotequivalent．Languageofasemantictranslationoftenrequiressophisticatedanduncommonexpressionsbecauseitfocusesonthecontentsoftextinsteadofexaminingtheauthor’Spurpose(Newmark,2001b：39-69)．Henceinthetranslationprocess，theauthorshouldfocusmoreonreproducingthecoremassageandtechnicaltermsoftheoriginaltext．Meanwhile，shealsohastokeeptheoriginalsyntacticstructures，whichisshowninthefollowingexamples．15万方数据 广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告Example9：弹棉花既考验师傅的体力，更考验师傅的技巧。在弹棉的过程中，掌握弹弓的左手腕，不断进行幅度小而有力的平衡游移；而右手持槌的连续击打牛筋，把握节奏，均衡力度，上下颤动，弹松棉絮，让棉花纤维无法缠绕在弓弦上，这被认为是最有功力的师傅，让人高看一眼。Rendition9：Fluffingcottonnotonlychallengesthecra舡manofhisphysicalcapacity,butalsohistechnique．Duringtheprocess，thelefthand，byholdingabow,doesthepowerfulnon-stop-and-levelwaveringinasmallerrange，whiletherighthandwithbeetlebeatsonthebeeftendonconstantly,controllingthepace，balancingtheforce，risingandfallingtofluffthecotton,thusthecottonfibrewouldnotwraparoundthebowstring．Thiscratbmanwillbeconsideredasthebest．Inthisexample，theauthormanagedtokeeptheo啦删semanticandsyntacticstructuresasmuchaspossible．Forinstance，sheusedtheterm“notonly⋯butalso’’topresenttheoriginallogicalrelations．Besides，shealsoused“thelefthandandrighthand’’asthesubjecttofollowtheChinesezkqversion．20160323Shealsoattemptedtotranslatethefour-Chinese-characterexpressionsinto“controllingthepace，balancingtheforce，risingandfallingtofluffthecotton”．Inthisway,theauthortriedtokeepthebeautifulrhythmoftheoriginalChineseintheEnglishversion,toachievetheeffectthatsemantictranslationattemptstorender,whichis‘‘ascloselyasthesemanticandsyntacticstructuresofthesecondlanguageallow"’(Newmark，2001b：39)．Example10：凤村的弹棉与中国许多地方大不同。凤村人发明了坐式弹棉花，把棉花铺在干净的地面上而不需木板或高台，无需背着弹弓吃力游走，而是一方沉木，支着一条坚韧的老竹竿，富有弹性地悬挂着弹弓，弹棉师傅优雅地坐在沉木上，左手掌握弹弓，右手抡着木槌，轻松地弹棉，可以连续击打一个小时而不需歇息；一张大弓大跨度地覆盖了整方棉堆而不需频繁移动，省力高效，蕴藏着凤村人的智慧。Rendition10：FluffingcottoninFengcunVillageisprettydifferentfromthatofotherplacesinChina．Theycreatedthesitting·-and--fluffingmethodtopavethecottononthecleanlandinsteadofwoodblockordais．BydoingSO，theydonotneedtowalkaroundwhilecarryingaheavybow．Thetoolsarethedeadwoodandtenaciousbamboopoleonwhicha16万方数据 广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告bowishanging．CrattsmanwouldgraeiomlysitOn也edeadwood"holding也ebowOn也elefIhandandwoodbeedeOn也eri出．TheproCessofbea如g嘶lllastforonehollr讹utarest．Thela唱ebowCallc0Vert11ewholeareaofcotton；hence，mecr赶b姗doesnotneedtomove呻ntly．Bydoing∞，muchenergyissavedwhile位effiei衄eyisimproved，wKchemceesmewisdomofFengc吼砌agers．Ex锄plelOis∞lec钯d五∞m廿圮印isodeof刃圪厕曙Co,on．Theminpurposeoftbis印iS0deist0presenthowsmartthesitting—and-nu伍ngmethodis．Besides，itisalsomadet0staghi业pmi∞ofFengcunviUagers．Aswec趾see缸Im也e嘶ginalChine∞subtitle，sentencesarecombmcdtogetllerW胁onlyonesu场e鸭whichistypiealinChinesewring．Tbdealmthis蚓曲mCe，也etranslatorn∞dStobreakthemdownandaddmo陀su_场ectStounveilmelo西calrela：tio船．Howev％exceptfor也iseh趾ge，nothingel∞wasaJtered，iIlomert0conduct也e∞manfietranslationmetllod，r印roduCing也eexactc伽呛】【tualmeaningof吐leoriginal“丛clo∞ly嬲也esem枷cands灿efics缸ucturesoft11esecondl趾guageallo订’科ew础咄，2001b：39)．zkq20160323Ex锄plell：百鸟衣，又称芦笙衣，它与当地苗族人的生活息息相关，在融水已经有上千年的历史。传说从前人间没有鼓，每年都要爬天梯到天上去看拉鼓。天神为了免除人们的辛劳就把一面鼓赐给了人们。可是天神在从天上放下鼓的过程中，不小心将鼓掉落到了悬崖里。当时被苗族誉为百鸟之王的白杭鸡就号召百鸟一起帮助人们找到了鼓。从此，苗族人把白色的羽毛装饰在衣服上，以纪念和感谢百鸟的帮助。Rendidon11：B矾f酏ereddress，al∞calledL璐hengdress，isc10∞lyrel砌t0血elivesofmelocals．Itboastsa11ist0巧ofm0暇mdsofyearSinRongshmCoⅧ晦nwasSaidthatiIl也epast,岫werenodrumsin恤mortalwodd’humanshadt0climbladbers(CalledTiedinChine∞)t0watchttledrumshow．Godgavehumansadrum嬲agiftSO勰toridthemofclim．b啦．Butduring也epmCessof西ving也edrum舶mheavent0也emortalwodd，Godaccidentallydropped也edrumintoacl赶TheMi∞peoplereg莉edBaihangchick(akindof出ck)弱也ekingof也eb矾satthattime．nwashimthatC0nvenedb矾st0helphumanst0find也edrum．111ereby，也eMi∞peopledecoratedresswi也whitefea也erStocommemorate也ehelpofmebirdS．17万方数据 广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪景片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告Example11isselectedfromtheepisodeofLegendoftheBirdfeathereddress，whichmainlygivesanaccountofhowitsnamecomesfrom．AccordingtoNewmark(2001b：58)，“originalexpression,wherethespecificlanguageofthespeakerorwriteris弱importantaSthecontent,whetheritisphilosophical，religious，political，scientific，technicalorliterary，needstobetranslatedsemantically”．Consequently,undertheguidanceofthesemantictranslation，theauthortranslatedthesourcetextandgaveabriefexplanationonTiantiandBaihangchick．3．5CommunicativeTranslationCommunicativetranslationattemptstoproduceonitsreadersaneffect嬲close弱possibletothatobtainedonthereadersoftheoriginal(Newmark，2001b：39)．Inanutshell，effectofthetranslationversiononthetargetaudienceshouldbeequivalenttothatoftheoriginaltext,whichissubtitletranslationallabout．zkq20160323Example12：弹棉花的好手，虽然在弹弓上弹不出优美的旋律，却可以弹出动人的节奏。弹弓响起的时候，就是师傅显本事的时刻。每一位弹棉师傅都有自己的独门技艺，自己的心得。经验老道的师傅，只听弦音，便知功夫的深浅。Rendition12：Althoughagoodcraftsmancannotplayabeautifulmelodyonthebow,heCallproducesometouchingrhythm．Whenthebowtings，itistheshowtimeforhisskills．Everycotton-fluffingcraftsmanhaShisownspecialskillsandexperience．Soundofthestringcantellwhethersomeoneisexperiencedornot．‘‘Communicativetranslationaddressesitselfsolelytothesecondreader,whodoesnotanticipatedifficultiesorobscurities，andwouldexpectageneroustransferofforeignelementsintohisowncultureaSwell硒hislanguagewherenecessary”(Newmark,2001b：39)．Forinstance，“功夫的深浅”inexample12isauniqueexpressioninChinese．Asforthiscase，theauthoradoptedthemethodofcommunicativetranslation．Andshedecidednottoexplainwhat“功夫浅深”isintheabovementionedexample，forthereasonthat“功夫”inthisexpressionisdefinitelynot“Kungfu"’，whichiswidelyknowninthewesternworld．Taking万方数据 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片Ⅸ乡村拾追(上)》字幕翻译项目报告thelimitedtimeandspaceintoconsideration,theauthorpickedup‘‘experienceornot"’asitsequivalence，whichmakesthetranslationeasiertounderstandforforeignaudiences．Example13：坚守还是离去?考验着周敬容。他眼下还舍不得放下弹弓，他弹了几十年的棉花，一生的骄傲和快乐，手艺的温暖和自己的价值，就在一张弹弓上，弹棉，就是他的人生。Rendition13：Tocarryonortogiveup，thatisaquestiontoZhou．Atpresent,heisstillunwillingtostopn啦cotton,ashehasbeendoingthatforseveraldecades．Flulhgcottonfillshislifewithprideandhappinessandembodieshisexpertiseandhisownvalue．Flul五ngcottonisallhislifeabout．“Languageofacommunicativetranslationisusuallybriefande雒y．CommonwordsareoftenemployedtotranslatecomplexanddifficultwordsintheSL”(Newmark,2001b：39-69)．Intheaboveexample13，thesentenceof“他眼下还舍不得放下弹弓，他弹了十几年的棉花，一生的骄傲和快乐，手艺的温暖和自己的价值”lacksofcohesionbetweeneachsegment．Therealmeaningof“舍不得放下弹弓”is‘"unwillingtostopfluffingcotton"’，iftheauthordirectlytranslated“舍不得放下弹弓"into‘‘u：nwillmgtoputasidethebow"’，itwouldbecomeclumsy．Theauthorpreferstoconvert“他眼下还舍不得放下弹弓，他弹了十几年的棉花，一生的骄傲和快乐，手艺的温暖和自己的价值"t0“不愿意离开这个凝结了他几十年的心血，骄傲和快乐，手艺的温暖和自身价值的行业”andtranslatethesentence“弹棉就是他的人生”into“Flulmgcottonisallhislifeabout"’．Example14：每逢一、四、七号结尾的日子是燕峒乡的圩日。如今，乡村道路越来越便利，从村里到县城，已经是说走就走的旅行，所以人们已经不需要像过去那样，赶圩日采购大量的生活用品。但是街天赶街是人们多年的习惯，就算不需要买什么，也乐得来逛逛。Rendition14：Everydateendingwithl，4or7isthefairdayofYandongTownship．Now,roadsmakepeople’Slifemoreconvenient．Hence，itiseasyfortheruralpeopletogotothecountywhenevertheylike．Peoplelivingintheruralareadon’thavetobuyalotofdailynecessitiesatatimeonthefair．Yet,go迦shoppingonthefairclaysisalong-timetradition；theylovetowalkaroundeventhou#theyhavenopurchasingdemands．19 万方数据广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目撤告Theauthortranslatedthesentence“乡村道路越来越便利，从村里到县城，已经是说走就走的旅行"basedonthemethodofcommunicativetranslation．Here“说走就走的旅行”implicatestheroadconnectingruralareaandthecountymakespeople’Slifemucheasier．Itwouldbeveryconvenientforvillagerstogoaround．Communicativetranslation，whenpracticedandengrained，isveryhelpfulfortheauthortoovercometheoccurringdifficulties．Insummary,‘"therealeoftensectionsinonetextthatmustbetranslatedcommunicatively,andotherssemantically”(Newmark,2001b：40)．Infact,‘Xhereisnoonecommunicativenoronesemanticmethodoftranslatingatext--theseareinfactwidelyoverlappingbandsofmethods”(Newmark,2001b：40)．Inpractice，wecanoftenobservethat“atranslationcanbemole，orless，semantic--more，orless，communicative--evenaparticularsectionorsentenceCanbetreatedmorecommunicativelyorlesssemantically’’(Newmark,2001b：40)．Thatistosay,thereisnoclearlimitontheexactpercentageofhowmuchthecommunicativeorthesemanticmethodshouldbeemployed．Still，theyhaveobviousdifference，ingeneral，‘‘acommunicativetranslationislikelytobesmoother,simpler,clearer,moredirect,moreconventional，conformingtoaparticularregisteroflanguage，ten血gtoundertranslate，i．e．tousemoregeneric，hold-alltermsindifficultpassages’’(Newmark,2001b：39)；Comparedwiththecommunicativetranslation，‘‘asemantictranslationtendstobemorecomplex，moreawkward，moredetailed,moreconcentrated，andpursuesthethought-processesratherthantheintentionofthetransmitter"’0qewmark,2001b：39)，therefore，“ittendstoovertranslate，tobemorespecificthantheoriginal，toincludemoremeaningsinitssearchforonenuanceofmeaning”(Newmark,2001b：39)． 万方数据广西大掌专业顾士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告Chapter4Post-translationSummaryGenerafiyspeaking，thequalityofsubtitletranslationhasadirectinfluenceontheaudience，anditalsodecidesthemakeorbreakofthewholetranslationtask．Toensurehertranslationisingoodquality,theauthorhastomakeevaluationonit．“Translationcriticismisanessentiallinkbetweentranslationtheoryanditspractice；itisalsoanenjoyableandinstructiveexercise”(Newmark,2001a：184)．Oneofthepurposestoconducttranslationcriticismistoimprovethetranslationquality．Tothisend,theauthorfollowedthefourstepsoftranslationcriticismproposedbyNewmark(2001a：186-189)：firstistoanalyzethewIit吨purposeandfunctionoftheoriginaltext．Secondistoanalyzethetranslator’Sinterpretationonthepurposeoftheoriginaltext,thetranslationmethodsandreaders．Thirdstepistocomparesometypicaltranslationexampleswiththeoriginaltext．Nextistojudgethetranslationversionfromtheperspectivesoftranslatorandcriticizers．Toconducttranslationcriticism，Newmark(2001a：185)statedinhisbookthatatranslationmaybeevaluatedbythereviseremployedbythefirmorthetranslationcompany,theheadofsectionorofthecompanyortheclient；itCanalsobeevaluatedbytheprofessionalcriticofatranslationortheteachermarkingoneorthereadershipofthepublishedwork．Thus，theauthorinvitedherclassmatesandaforeignreadertoconductthefourstepsoftranslationcriticismasthetranslationevaluationprocedure，fromthefollowingthreeaspects：self-examination,accuracyexaminationandexaminationofidiomaticexpression．Tobemorespecific，afterself-examination,theauthorinvitedtwoofherclassmatestorecheckthetranslationtexttomakesureinformationoftheoriginaltextwasconveyedcompletely．Thisprocesswasthesecond-levelproofreading．Aforeignreader,whoisadoctoralsupervisorintheCommonwealthScientificandIndustrialResearchOrganizationofAustralia(CSlRO)，conductedthethird-levelproofreadingtoseeifthereWasanygrammarmistake．Fromaprofessionalpo血ofview,theauthorcompletedtheprojectwithagoodresult．Thoughthereisstillmuchroomforimprovement,theauthorstillbelievedthisprojectWas21 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告successfullycompletedforseveralreasons：firstly,theauthortmaslatedthetextinasimpleandconciseway．AccordingtoLiChangshuan(2004：520)，‘"thetechnicalmeaningoftheEnglishtextshouldbeinlinewiththatoftheChinesetext．TheEnglishexpressionshouldhavelogicalrelationsandcompletestructureswithoutanyambiguity．’’Healsomentioned“freetranslationshouldbebasedontheprecisecomprehensionoftheoriginaltext"’(Li，2004：520)．Secondly,theauthorCanflexiblyadoptsometranslationmethodsandskillstotacklethefrequentlyoccurringproblems．Thirdly,thefeedbacksfromherclassmates，foreignreaderandtheclientarepositive．Themostimportantthingisthattheclientisquitesatisfiedwiththetranslationworkoftheauthor,whichmakestheauthor’Sheartswelledwithjoyandpride． 万方数据广西电视台纪景片《乡村拾追(上)》字幕翻译项目报告Chapter5ConclusionWiththedepictionofpre-translationpreparation,analysisofthetext,differentcopingstrategiescombiningwithrelatedtheories,proofreadingandevaluation,theauthorpouredoutthewholetranslationtaskindetail．Astheauthorhasmentionedelsewhereinthispaper,subtitletranslationisdifferentfromnormaltexttranslation，becausesheneedstotranslatetheChineseversionpreciselyandconciselyforthesakeofsavingtimeandspace．Tothisend，theauthormanagedtoferretoutsomecopingtacticstodealwiththestumblingblocks，namely,semantictranslation,communicativetranslation,themethodofreductiveparaphrasingandcondensation．Trothtobetold,thesestrategiesarequitehelpfulwhenpracticed．Translationinvolvesthelossofmeaning(Liao，2001：177-178)，mainlyonthefollowingfouraspects：thespecialnaturalenvironment,socialsystemsandculturalpracticesofthecountrywherethe嘶咖a1textcomesfrom；thehugedivergencebetweenEnglishandChineseintextstyle，emotion,etc．；besidesthat,thedifferenceofoperationalmodebetweentheauthorandthetranslator,differemsemantictheoryandvaluesofthetranslationtextandtheoriginalversionallhaveeffectsonthelossofmeaning(Liao，2001：177-178)．Hence，lossofmeaninginthetranslationtextcanhardlybeavoided．Asamatteroffact,itisindeedhardf．0rtheauthortofindequivalencesfortheChineseexpressionssuchas“粉虫"“亮布"and“幸福果"．Therefore，translatorswouldliketotakecondensation,simplificationorgeneralizationasthemaincopingmethodwhenencounteringdifficulties，and‘‘sometimestransliterationisacceptable”(Zheng，2011：78)．Itisagreathonorfortheauthortohavesuchapreciousopportunitytotranslatethisseriesofsubtitletexts．Totheauthor’Sgreatjoy,thewholeprojectwentsmoothlyandthetranslationversionWasquitesatisfactory．However,theauthoralsogottoknowthattodotranslationwellisquitedemanding．Thereisstillmuchroomtoimproveherself．Duetotimelimitationandincompetentabilities,thetranslationversionisnotperfect．Theauthorstillcannotfindabettertranslationfortechnicaltermssuchas“弹弓”“弹花 万方数据广西大学专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字慕翻译项JnJlit告-槌"“磨盘”“弹花弓”“牛筋绳"“师傅"“挑子"“剃头匠"“弹棉花"“牵纱杆子"“磨面”and“白杭鸡”．Beingregrettedandgrateful，theauthorcametorealizethatthereisstillalongwayforhertobecomeaqualifiedtranslator．However,theauthorisdeterminedtopracticemoretopolishhertranslationexpertise．AndtheauthorhopessheCalltrulymakeadifferenceinthedaysbeyond．24 万方数据广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字摹翻译项目报告Bibliography【1】B列血巩E&E"Espasa．2005．AudiovisualTranslation【A】．InM．Tennent．Trainingfo，theNewMillennium：PedagogiesforTranslationandInterpreting[C]．Amsterdam／Philadelphia：JohnaenjaminS．[2]Cintas，D．2008．TeachingandLearningSubtitleinanAcademicEnvironment【A】．InD．Cintas．TheDidacticsofAudiovisualTranslation[C]．Amsterdam：JohnBenjamins．[3]Gottlieb，H．1994．Subtitling：DiagonalTranslation[J1．Perspectives：StudiesinTranslatology，1：101-121．[4]CJottlieb，H．2005．MultidimensionalTranslation：SemanticstumedSemiotics【A】．MuTra2005-ChallengesofMultidimensionalTranslation：ConferenceProceedings[C】．EU-High-I．七velScientificConferenceSeries．【5]Guardini，P．1998．Decision-makinginSubtitling【J】．Perspectives：StudiesinTranslatology，l：97．98．【6]Jakobson,R1971．Onlinguisticaspectsoftranslation[A】．InJakobson,R．，SelectedWritings．2．WordandLanguage【C】．TheHague：Mouton．[7]MerriamWebster．1997．MerriamWebster譬CollegiateDictionarytentheditionSpringfield【Z】．Merriam-Webster,Incorporated．【8]Morgan,R2001．SubtitlingforChannel4Television【A】．InGambier,Yves．&Golllieb，Henrik．MultimediaTranslation：Concepts,Practices,andResearch[C】．Amsterdam：JohnBeniaminsPublishingCompany．【9]Nedergaard-Larsen,B．1993．Culture-boundProblemsinSubtitling[Y1．Perspectives：StudiesinTranslatology，2：207-241．【10]Newmark,P．2001(a)．ATextbookofTranslation[MI．Shanghai：ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress．【11]Newmark,P．2001@．ApproachestoTranslation【~q．Shanghai：ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress． 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕蠢译项目报告[12]Homby,AS．2005．OxfordAdvancedLearner童English—ChineseDmtionarysixthedition[Z】．TheCommercialPress．【13】黄友义．2004．坚持“外宣三贴近”原则，处理好外宣翻译中的难点问题阴．中国翻译，(6)：29．39．【14】李长栓．2004．非文学翻译理论与实践[Ml：lt．京：中国对外翻译出版公司．[15】李长栓．2009．非文学翻译口哪北京：外语教学与研究出版社．[16】李运兴．2001．字幕翻译的策略阴．中国翻译，(22)：38-40．【17】廖七一．2001．当代英国翻译理论M湖北：湖北教育出版社．【18]1X_剑龙．1991．香港电视字幕翻译初探，翻译新论集嗍台湾：商务印书馆．【19】钱绍昌．2000．影视翻译——翻译园地中愈来愈重要的领域阴．中国翻译，(1)：61-65．【20】郑宝璇．2011．电影字幕的语内和语际翻译叨．中国翻译，(4)：75—78． 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告AppendixISourceText《弹棉花》这是一家经历了五十多年风雨岁月的弹棉花作坊。招牌已经斑驳褪色，当年的老师傅已然不在了，而曾经的小徒弟成了今天的老师傅。周敬容(弹棉手艺人)：“我十二岁就跟我父亲做棉被，当学徒，十七岁就自立了。以前风村许多人家都弹棉花，做棉被。"广西玉林市郊的风村。曾几何时，这村里过半的人家都弹棉花，成为玉林地区的一道风景，现如今，仅在这间小小的作坊里，还能听到手工弹棉花的弦音。周敬容：“弹棉花以谋生为主。这么长时间，我没有收过徒弟，都是自己做。天下之大，饿不死手艺人。这句千古名训，富含着中国人勤劳以生存的深层哲理。特殊的技艺，通常是父传子、子传孙、子子孙孙一代一代传下去。周敬容就是从父亲那里学到了手工弹棉花的技艺。弹棉花，中国手工制作棉被的传统技艺，又称弹棉被。周敬容：“将新棉花加工的棉被，为新棉被。加工旧棉胎，就是去旧换新。⋯⋯”广西玉林，是广西弹棉花相对集中的地区。二十世纪中、后期，街头巷尾游动着不少弹棉手艺人的身影，也从这里走出去了不少弹棉花师傅，散布到许多地方谋生。这不仅仅是人们单靠一块薄田难以糊口，重要的是弹棉花是一门手艺。千家万户，每一个人的生活中，都离不开棉被。弹棉花是受人欢迎和尊敬的行当。周敬容：“传统的弹棉被，第一讲信用，第二讲质量，第三力求经久耐用。"弹棉花，需要一弯弹弓，一只弹花槌，一张磨盘，和一条牵纱杆子，一块干净的空地，就可以张罗生意了。但是，这一套工具中，每一件都各具特点。周敬容：“弹棉花主要靠这支弓。这条是牛筋，这是弓板，还有槌，有一条挑担。这个槌是黄牛木做的，很坚很硬的。这条牛筋是弹棉花专用，没有这条牛筋就弹不开棉花。”弹棉花这一门手艺，很注重搭档关系。学弹棉花，不是靠看书就能悟明白的，也不单靠语言就能传达得清楚的，没有捷径，靠悟性，靠磨练，许多奥秘只有手艺人心里最清楚。弹棉花，以致完成一床棉胎的全过程分为几道工序。扯棉，也叫擦棉，这是加工旧棉胎的第一道工序，使用的工具是一块布满铁钉的木板铲头，固定约六十颗铁钉，将棉花与铁钉摩擦，扯掉旧棉胎原有的纱线，拉散棉的纤维，使之变得蓬松；棉絮承受着拉力，最大限度地撕扯开棉的纤维。扯棉，很容易划破手，通常是徒弟来做；徒弟是从扯棉开始学习弹棉花做被子的。27 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告徒弟不分长幼，生存是第一位，年长者投靠亲友学手艺谋生的，在风村的弹棉人中不在少数。师傅调弓，是弹棉很重要的一个环节。弹花弓，用上好的木头制作而成，这是弹棉的主打工具，像一把大弓箭，在两端系上一根牛筋绳，叫做弦，操作时用槌子击打牛筋绳，以弹开棉花。风村的弹花弓有着特别之处，是凤村人的智慧结晶。一张弓整整270厘米，比中国许多地方的弹花弓足足长大了一倍。周敬容：“这条弓是独创的，叫‘风村弓’。这条弓是风村人发明的。”牛筋绳有很好的坚韧度，没有更合适的材料可以替代牛筋作为弓弦。周敬容：“这条牛筋要与这张弓上下相对，要调准扎头，调不准扎头，就弹不开棉絮。"调弓，非常讲究技巧，必须有数年的弹棉经验，才能掌握弓弦的松紧度，像拉琴一样，弦要调出标准。如果弓弦太松，弹棉时力度不够，弹不开棉花；弓弦太紧，击打时震动的幅度小，与棉花的接触面不够，行话叫做“不缠棉"。绷弓的时候，极是小心，足见师傅的功夫，万万断不得弦，否则，就被认为是坏了兆头。扯好了棉花，调好了弹弓，再给弓弦擦一次蜡，弹棉的演出就开始了。周敬容：“擦牛筋就是上蜡。上了蜡就是不让棉花粘在牛筋上，好弹些，能弹得开。”风村的弹棉与中国许多地方大不同。风村人发明了坐式弹棉花，把棉花铺在干净的地面上而不须木板或高台，无需背着弹弓吃力游走，而是一方沉木，支着一条坚韧的老竹竿，富有弹性地悬挂着弹弓，弹棉师傅优雅地坐在沉木上，左手掌握弹弓，右手抡着木槌，轻松地弹棉，可以连续击打一个小时而不需歇息；一张大弓大跨度地覆盖了整方棉堆而不需频繁移动，省力高效，蕴藏着风村人的智慧。周敬容：“为了省力，我们发明了这张弓，坐着弹花，省了腰力，效率也高。"弹槌击打的弦音，大概是中国人记忆中最熟悉的声音之一。弓弦只有一个频律，如果把弦埋入棉花中，和浮在棉花外的不同，前者发闷频律低，后者清脆频律稍高。弹棉花的好手，虽然在弹弓上弹不出优美的旋律，却可以弹出动人的节奏。弹弓响起的时候，就是师傅显本事的时刻。每一位弹棉师傅都有自己的独门技艺，自己的心得。经验老道的师傅，只听弦音，便知功夫的深浅。弹棉花既考验师傅的体力，更考验师傅的技巧。在弹棉的过程中，掌握弹弓的左手腕，不断进行幅度小而有力的平衡游移；而右手持槌的连续击打牛筋，把握节奏，均衡 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文．广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告力度，上下颤动，弹松棉絮，让棉花纤维无法缠绕在弓弦上，这被认为是最有功力的师傅，让人高看一眼。周敬容：“打不好，棉花就会沾在了弦上⋯”弹棉工序最安全，最省力的就是牵纱线。牵纱是为了固定弹好的棉花；一根牵纱杆子，抛出一根根纱线，两个人搭档，由纲至目，纲目交错，把整方棉花网状般均匀而密密匝匝地双面封个严实。因着需要，弹棉师傅会适当在棉胎上装饰出某一种图案，表示纪念。享有声望的师傅对此十分在意，他们认为这就是自己的信誉标志，是自己的作品。周敬容：“用红纱线，表示吉祥。许多人家都喜欢红色。”牵纱完成，就接着磨面了。磨面，是弹棉被重要的最后一道工序。周敬容：“做一张棉被的最后一道功夫，就是用磨盘磨面，就能成品了。”一张磨盘的分量，从另一面佐证师傅的手艺水准。实际磨棉中，力气程度的把握，靠师傅的经验和感觉，通过磨盘的反复磨压，使棉花紧凑，不留空隙，棉被做成后，保暖性能很好，经久耐用。周敬容：“磨被面的标准，就是贴纱出现颗粒，纱线就算咬紧棉花了。”随着机器的发明与普及，让一切都发生了变化，机械逐渐替代了手工，提高了棉被的产量或质量，创造着时代的潮流和时尚。凤村的不少人家已经使用机器生产棉胎，日产量百倍于手工制作。周敬容：“现在有了机械做棉被，我们祖传的手工弹棉捞不到饭吃了，年轻人也不愿意学了。我想收徒弟也没有人愿意学了。⋯⋯”纯手工弹棉已经面临最严峻的挑战，一步又一步退至行将消失的边缘。许多弹棉师傅，挂起了他的弹弓，开动了机器。更多的弹棉人选择了改行，他们正逐渐失去竞争力，非常熟悉的弓弦声，只能留在了记忆中。坚守还是离去?考验着周敬容。他眼下还舍不得放下弹弓，他弹了几十年的棉花，一生的骄傲和快乐，手艺的温暖和自己的价值，就在一张弹弓上，弹棉，就是他的人生。今天的人们，已经不再为一床棉被发愁，更不会在意一位手工弹棉师傅的存在与否，但是弹棉手艺人曾经给人们带来的那份温暖，叫人感叹；令人心动的弹棉节奏，让人难以忘怀! 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士学位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告《剃头》(德保县全景小巷老人穿过小巷进入理发室理发师打招呼)顾客几十年了30多年理发师罗师傅40年都有了顾客差不多40年了，都在这里了因为我们比较熟悉也是基本上同班嘛他过去同我下乡过下乡支援工作队赵师傅是靖西人，70年代到德保从事林业工作。当时和他一起到乡村工作队的就有这位罗师傅。后来两个人先后回到县城工作，赵师傅仍然一直光顾老朋友所在的理发室，直到退休后也没有改变。老理发室70年代开张，最早属于国营企业。几十年过去了，理发室所属的性质变成了集体所有，理发的价格也从几毛钱悄然上涨到几块钱十几块钱。但一切又好像没有变，在这小小的理发室内，时间仿佛凝固，每一样东西似乎都应该在博物馆里才能见到。在这里，没有热情招徕顾客和推销会员卡的店员，因为宾主之间都是乡里乡亲的熟人，有的甚至是几十年的老主顾，大家习惯了在耐心的等待中闲话家常。理发师农永年快到拜山的时候了顾客是啊要拜山了准备东西了吧早就准备好了由于已经建立起足够的默契，客人从来不会提出要怎么剪，理发师也从来不问。给同一个人剪了几十年头，对理发师来说，客人习惯的发型早就用手给记住了。从剪头发到洗头，师傅一手包办。不过现在洗头改用了煤气热水器，这可能是理发室最大的技术革新，终于没让80年代的热水壶继续用到今天。顾客30 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文．广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告师傅剪头发是这样的(大拇指)理发师傅农永年这个手艺是要慢慢学的最难的就是理平头要弄得平平的不简单还有要根据客人的头型来剪如果人的头是长的不能剪高高的头发说起当年学艺的经历，年过古稀的农永年师傅记忆犹新。理发师傅农永年我们领导请右江理发店的老师傅叫做曾师傅来教我们学手艺然后我们下乡去经过实习到足荣那甲荣桑去实习然后我们就正式开业了理发室既没有招牌，也没有亮眼的名字。因为在70年代开张的时候，这是德保的第一家，并且在很长时间内是唯一的一家理发店，没必要用店名来区分。理发师傅农永年当年我们一起学手艺的十个人五个男的五个女的都退休了2006年，包括农师傅在内，最后的几位老理发师都正式退休了。这时候，县城里大大小小的发廊、沙龙遍地开花，老式理发室的存在似乎成为了一种尴尬。农师傅寻思着，工作了大半辈子，也该放下老手艺，享享清福了。但是几位老兄弟找上门来，让他又改变了主意。理发师傅农永年退休了后有些老同志老顾客还是需要我们有时候没下去那么快 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告“喂怎么还没来啊是不是退休了就不来了"他就来找了找到你家对其实，农师傅的心里始终也没有放下这个相伴三十余年的行当。我跟他们说我去不过今天有事明天再去知道老顾客还惦念着自己的手艺，农师傅终于拿起剃刀剪子，重操旧业。和农师傅一样操持老理发店的，还有另外两位师傅，都是从国营店退下来后做回老本行的。每天一早，师傅们还没到，客人就已经三三两两地聚到门前了。在农师傅看来，老主顾对老理发室的青睐，除了多年的习惯，也出于一份怀旧的情感。理发师傅农永年一个是增加了自己的收益也是方便了老顾客如果身体好的话我还再做几年如果说老理发室是正规军，那么街头巷尾的剃头摊子就算是游击队了。与北方地区多为平原不同，广西乡村多以山地为主。而位于广西西部的德保县，是典型的大石山区。因为师傅很难挑着工具翻山越岭地寻找客源，所以，剃头挑子在这里比较少见，而相对固定的剃头摊子就比较流行。(市场剃头摊子一组)比起老理发室，这里的设旌更为简单。剃头师傅的交通工具通常是一辆自行车，骑到摊点，自行车往边上一靠，工具箱一掏，椅子一摆，坐下就能做生意了。剃头摊子就在集市旁边，人来人往，生意也就慢慢多了起来，大家都到这里来剪头发，成行成市。虽然旁边等的人不多，但一个才起身，另一个马上就坐下去，源源不绝。师傅也不含糊，收了钱马上继续，随到随剪，片刻也不停。洗头么?回家洗，省了时间。来的客人既有路过就剪的，也不少是专程而来，图的就是快速、方便，外加收费便宜。理个发不到十块钱，上哪儿找去?女理发师132 万方数据．广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告我们这里价格不高一般店里面是10到15块我们就收7块别看条件一般，价格便宜，服务同样细心周到。(小孩子对镜子看)女理发师2怎么样小孩子好女理发师我07年在中山学剪头发后来回来这边开理发厅生意不好就来这里剪头发一天有十来个如今的剃头摊子，剪子、电推剪等工具一应俱全，剃刀的作用退居二线，主要用于刮去汗毛和鬓角。但早期的剃头摊子就完全不同，做的都是一把剃刀的生意。民俗学者韦学虎那时候县城没有理发店的我们这里就是农村过来的就是一把剃刀一张围巾那时候不用肥皂用水来擦擦胡子就刮了那时候都是剃光头的过去，出于卫生和方便的考虑，很多大叔大爷喜欢把头发剃光。当时的剃头匠，也不是什么专业的师傅，而是由打造剃刀的铁匠兼职，不求美观，但求省事儿。《镇安府志》记载，直到民国三十四年，天保一也就是现在的德保县，才有了正式的理发店。然而，也只有政府官员才能在理发店理发，平民百姓只能光顾剃头摊子。 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告而即便是剃头摊子，在当时的德保也不是随处可见的，因为剃头匠往往有别的活计，他们只有在圩日才会出来摆摊。这样的传统，在德保县的乡村还能看到。字幕：德保县燕峒乡(邓师傅收拾工具)邓师傅今天要出街理发因为是街天邓师傅的家在德保县燕峒乡。每到圩日，他就会到街上摆摊理发。这是他几十年不变的习惯。(骑摩托从家里出来过村口)每逢一、四、七号结尾的日子是燕峒乡的圩日。如今，乡村道路越来越便利，从村里到县城，已经是说走就走的旅行，所以人们已经不需要像过去那样，赶圩日采购大量的生活用品。但是街天赶街是人们多年的习惯，就算不需要买什么，也乐得来逛逛。邓师傅剃头的固定摊点就在圩场的中心。摊点虽然简陋，但是邓师傅也有不少“粉丝”。才把镜子挂好，老主顾们就坐椅子上等着了。通常，乡里人农闲之余会操持些小手艺，编编竹篮或打打农具什么的，以贴补生计。因为剃头是邓师傅家传的手艺，自然也就成了他农闲之余贴补家用的好营生。顾客那边的鸡怎么卖十块吗来赶圩的客人一边剃头，一边不忘和鸡贩子讨价还价。电剪用的电是从旁边米粉店接过来的。米粉店和剃头摊子，在早年是一对互惠的生意搭档。民俗学者韦学虎农村小孩那时候剃头没有肥皂用水涂上去就剃了一干就痛了他就怕痛啊农村让小孩理发就说 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文．广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遣(上)》字幕翻译项目报告今天我带你去吃粉农村的孩子能吃一碗粉就不得了了好像我们现在加菜一样70年代生活艰苦啊因为怕疼，小孩子大多不喜欢剃头，父母就常常用米粉来诱惑孩子。到了圩日，很多剃头匠出来摆摊，大人们趁着这个时候把孩子带出来剃头，也顺便让孩子吃碗米粉，兑现“剃头就能吃米粉”的承诺。今天，城乡群众的生活水平都在不断提高，人们对于发型的要求越来越高，尤其很多追求个性的年轻人，更是把发型作为追赶时尚潮流的标志。而对于农师傅这样的老一辈理发师来说，老剃刀、躺椅还会存在多久，他们自己也不清楚。时代在发展，潮流在翻新，也许老手艺终有一天会走出历史舞台，走进博物馆，但是他们知道，剃头，这门普通得不能再普通的老手艺，一定走不出几代人温暖的记忆。 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告《儿时的美味》【砰一声响刘文军在嘣爆米花】刘文军做爆米花有三十年了，一个人常年全国各地跑，做的是传统爆米花的生意，每到一个地方停下来，老刘都不需要吆喝，那一声声震耳欲聋的爆响，就是最好的吆喝声。老头老太，小伙姑娘、孩子们都被他手上黑乎乎的铁疙瘩吸引住了。【字幕：爆米花师傅刘文军】给你拿一点给孩子吃来来我给你拿点来到广西的刘文军暂时落脚在城中村里，每天出摊前，老刘都要把玉米筛过几遍，挑出最饱满最好的颗粒，这样爆出来的玉米才会香酥脆口。【字幕：爆米花师傅刘文军】卖得多有的都一二十年不见了就吃个稀罕吃个好玩尝一尝回忆童年的味道七八十年代是常见的那时候没有什么小食品孩子们抢着吃对这个很稀罕的在南宁水街的一条巷子里，李阿婆也在做着自己的营生，这些一条条从簸箕上滚落的胖乎乎的条状物，就是南方人喜爱的小吃一粉虫。粉虫的做法很简单，用磨好的生米粉混合一定比例的熟米粉，均匀揉搓成团，在高低错落的簸箕底部粘上少许生油，以防沾底，在簸箕上搓捻面团，印上环形花纹，这样一来，条状的米粉看起来像极了虫子，所以老百姓把它称为“粉虫"。【字幕：粉虫师傅李阿婆】【中间插画面】我们的粉虫就是我们的传统美食就是做粉虫吃旧时叫做加菜几家人坐在一起磨米磨完煮好粉团大家就坐在一起搓粉虫搓完蒸出来大家拿碗你夹一点吃我夹一点吃 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪景片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告我现在还能想起六零年的味道现在想起旧时的味道不用吃肉都行了而几十公里开外，糖画艺人鄢小刚也正在用虫子和动物做文章。能把简单的甜滋味上升到一个让人不忍下口的境界，在很多人的童年美食记忆中，糖画算是一个。鄢小刚拜师入行八年，游走各地，糖画技艺越来越精湛，各种动物造型栩栩如生。把单纯的甜变成了艺术品，把嘴上的传统零食变成了兼顾视觉审美的物件，不得不说，糖画这种儿时的美味，能成为非物质文化遗产，是有它的道理的。【字幕：糖画艺人鄢小刚】我们现在是一种回忆性的甜其实现在很多食品比糖好吃大把吃但是我们的心态包括我很多顾客他就是一种回忆性的味道回忆小时候的那种甜蜜蜜那是一种生活的回忆也是一种对我们童年的回忆。看做糖画的人很多，买的却不多，也许是人们已经不屑于再去品尝那种甜腻腻的味道，但也放不下回味童年的记忆和看师傅做糖画的乐趣。【字幕：顾客小肖】毕竟我们从小开始街头巷尾都有看到的然后我们就比较喜欢小时候这种味道(小时候)我就特别希望画糖的师傅给我做一个大的比如说我做个螃蟹做个龙我们就会相互比一下然后就比赛谁先吃完但大家都会舍不得吃完那种感觉。【字幕：顾客】其实我之前是没有见过这个东西 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告今天跟朋友带着她的孩子一起来看到的时候我是很惊讶的我看到那个师傅画那个糖画就是觉得很神奇这个东西很想去了解所以我就想把它记录下来等那孩子长大之后再看到这个东西就会有不一样的味道【做好的炒粉虫、凉拌粉虫】其实在那个饥饿的年代，也没什么肉吃，粉虫炒好之后就拌上韭菜和豆芽，就是最鲜美的加菜了，米粉做不做成虫子的形状，事实上都不影响米粉的口感，只不过，在平淡无奇的米粉变成粉虫之后，带来的是人们心灵上更多的满足和视觉上的愉悦，在很多人的童年记忆中，粉虫就是美食，粉虫就是味蕾上不可磨灭的家的味道。这也是我们一直怀念这种吃食的原因之一吧。刘师傅这几天在同一个地方摆摊，生意还不错。爆米花机实际上是压力容器，把玉米、大米、蚕豆、黄米等原料放入机内，盖好机盖，用加力杆和加力管共同用力，旋转机头螺杆对机盖加压保持密封，将爆米花机架到支架上，下方用炉火加热，同时手摇转动爆米花机，使里面的谷物均匀受热并软化，由于受热升温，机内压力慢慢升高，达到一定的压力时，停止加热，将爆米花机的封口对准铁丝网兜，用力扳动小弯头，使之与大弯头的搭扣松脱，这样，在爆米花机内压力的作用下，封盖打开，机内的高温高压气体连同加工原料一起喷射出来，喷射过程中，由于外界的压力迅速下降，使得谷物内部气体向外迅速扩张，这样一来，谷物便被爆开，爆米花就做成了。【嘭的一声爆出爆米花】老式爆米花机“嘭”的一声巨响，至少是几代中国人挥之不去的童年记忆，而珍藏着这份记忆的人，多半成长在六七十年代。【字幕：市民】听到那种响声的时候很怕快到完了的时候就躲得远远的小的时候看到这种很喜欢吃【字幕：村民】过年了冬天去拿点玉米都去那里去爆啊爆着回来吃嘛 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告那时候没有钱买零食吃【字幕：居民男】以前小时候见过有个爆米花吃是不错的哦爆一斤是两毛钱爆米花来了就有零食吃小孩大人都很高兴在食物匮乏的年代，人们总会想各种法子填饱饥肠辘辘的肚子，一些唾手可得的昆虫于是就变成了盘中餐。这种生长在水田的黑色虫子，就曾经是许多人垂涎的儿时美味。村民杨明雄正领着一群孩子在灌满水的稻田里寻找这种水生爬虫。【字幕：孩子】我不知道这是什么东西叔叔叫我来抓我就来抓了据说这种水生爬虫主要生长在溪流边、稻田里，它们对水质的要求非常高，农药化肥都是它们逐渐消失的元凶，如今越来越难于寻找到它的踪迹，它的学名叫做龙虱。【字幕：村民杨明雄】。这种虫子一般在田里面水底里面生长的基本上在秧田里面很少了我以前见过去抓过现在的话是越来越少了现在是很少很少很难找到对于这种长相丑陋的小爬虫，没有见识过的人，甚至叫不出它的名字，更不会知道它们的用途了，据说除了能填肚子之外，早些年人们吃龙虱，其实更看重的是它的药用价值。【字幕：村民杨明雄】这个有什么用呢?现在不能告诉你等下你就知道了。刘师傅凭借老式爆米花机行走江湖，而年轻的吴胜超带着他的花式棉花糖靠吆喝赚39 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士学位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告人气，如果说爆米花还有大人光顾，那么棉花糖的主顾基本上都是孩子们了。棉花糖靠i00度左右的高温将白糖变成糖丝，只要掌握好竹签的角度和旋转的平衡度，糖丝就会均匀地按照预定的形状缠绕在竹签上，10克左右的白糖就可以变成一朵硕大的棉花糖。【一组炸龙虱的镜头配音乐】【字幕：村民杨明雄】现在我可以告诉你了这个龙虱是可以吃的是我小时候的美味香气四溢的炸龙虱，其实已经定格在许多人的儿时记忆中。人们一定还记得数十年前的街头巷尾，货郎挑着满满一担油炸过的龙虱，沿街叫卖，馋嘴的孩童常常把货郎围住，经不起诱惑的掏出零钱三个五个地买走，心满意足地分享。其实，龙虱最初是大人们给尿床的孩子当药吃的，因为油炸之后的龙虱又香又脆，就逐渐变成了孩子们喜爱的零食。若干年之后，当年风靡街巷的小零食已经日渐稀少，难得一见。如今，这种童年美食与舌尖再次相逢，味道是否如前已不太重要，重要的是，心底那份暖暖的记忆，得以从尘封中苏醒。老式爆米花、糖画、粉虫、炸龙虱、棉花糖，既熟悉又陌生，熟悉的是一幕幕挥之不去的童年回忆，和味蕾上单一纯美的感受，陌生的是，如今它们都己风光不再，甚至难觅踪影，还能操持这些行当的手艺人，也已渐行渐远。追忆，是一种生活，是一种味道。但愿这一份生活的滋味，永远留着家的温暖，永远留着美好童年的馨香。 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文．广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项ma暇．"t-《传奇百鸟衣》梁花妮和梁祝英是居住在广西融水的苗族人，他们居住的乌英屯距离融水县城有将近200公里的山路。刚刚采摘的叶子还散发着新鲜的气息，看上去十分普通的叶片，即将发挥神奇的作用。这是一种蕨类植物的叶子，加上草木灰，就能调出一种神奇的染料。梁祝英三年前从贵州嫁到广西，从此在乌英屯定居下来。染布对于这里的苗族人来说，是每个妇女都要熟练掌握的生活技巧。(广西融水乌英屯)乌英屯地处黔桂交界，是广西最远的苗族村寨。从地理位置上划分，寨子的一半属于广西的融水县，一半属于贵州的丛江县，犹如孤岛般远离现代文明的喧嚣，深藏在大山深处。梁祝英往染缸里加入一些米酒，调节染料的酸碱度，以便让颜色更好地附着在布料上。(梁祝英：这样，搅拌一下，尝一尝，可以了。)苗家人染布以蓝靛为主要原料，加入山薯、草木灰等辅料，染出紫红色的棉布。把染好的布沥干水分，经晾晒之后就可以做进一步的加工了。(棰布镜头)(老奶奶同期声：孙女，你看这个就是我们世代都要穿的亮布。)布料经过捶打后，显出了紫亮的光泽。用天然的植物给衣物上色，是一种古老的智慧。因为这样的方法不仅满足了地处封闭山区的村民对色彩的渴望，同时又成功保存了衣物的天然品质。在广西的苗族地区，亮布，被当地人看做是最值得依赖的衣物。亮布衣服则构成了一切传统服饰的底色。(广西融水杆洞屯)离乌英屯不远的杆洞屯，一场以庆祝三·八国际妇女节为主题的乡村活动正在举行。(同期声：大家准备好，预备，开始。加油，加油。)赛场上，拔河比赛激战正酣。场下，杨桂花正和姐妹们一起换上盛装准备稍后的狂欢。(杆洞屯杨桂花：我们就是做什么仪式的时候都穿这个百鸟衣，这是我们苗族最特色的一个衣服，是老人家传下来的。)百鸟衣，又称芦笙衣，它与当地苗族人的生活息息相关，在融水已经有上千年的历史。传说从前人间没有鼓，每年都要爬天梯到天上去看拉鼓。天神为了免除人们的辛劳就把一面鼓赐给了人们。可是天神在从天上放下鼓的过程中，不小心将鼓掉落到了悬崖里。当时被苗族誉为百鸟之王的白杭鸡就号召百鸟一起帮助人们找到了鼓。从此，苗族41 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告人把白色的羽毛装饰在衣服上，以纪念和感谢百鸟的帮助。(黑场)村民罗荣光家的里，珍藏着一件因令他引以为傲的传家之宝。(杆洞屯村民罗荣光：我们妈留到现在，她都说到我这一代都十二代人了，就是这样子。十二代人呢就计算有三百年这样子。)时代变迁，岁月更迭，这件百鸟衣已经是广西境内现存最老的百鸟衣了。它也自然而然地成为了现在苗族百鸟衣制作的蓝本。一件传统的女款百鸟衣通常由花衣和羽裙组成。人们在亮布上绣花，在肩、背、袖和羽裙上均绣满花鸟草等图案。因其图案繁复，且为纯手工制作，往往半年以上时间才能完成一套百鸟衣的刺绣工作。此外，用俗称土珍珠的六谷果果实、幸福果果壳，以及白色的羽绒串成的挂件和手绣的香包也是百鸟衣的重要物件。(融水县博物馆副馆长贾世朝：它也是一种吉祥和幸福的象征，苗族的那个小包里面，苗族觉得有辟邪作用的草药放在里面以后，把它缝好、绣好，把那些果壳和土珍珠串起来，象征着辟邪的作用。)(杆洞屯村民罗荣光：这个存久了，三百年前了，这个羽毛都掉完去了，这个就是鸟毛，这个就掉完去了。这些都是土珍珠的，这点就是果壳，三百多年都不坏。)人们把香囊和五六十串挂件分别缝制在衣服的肩背、手臂、衣角和裙摆上，使整套衣服如鸟儿一般美丽和华贵。(杆洞屯村民罗荣光：很重要的，这个百鸟衣好像以前，好像我们过节啊、踩堂啊这样子，如果你没有的，就不好意思进堂只能在旁边看这样子。这个传起来呢，也是好像你妈妈，留给你的女儿。你女儿作妈妈了呢，还留给女儿，这样子的。)(地名：融水杆洞乡)和平原地区相比，在陡峭的大山里生存，需要更多智慧。顺应着山势，罗荣光的祖先们完全靠双手创造了这一切。同样，要在山中取得制作一件华丽的衣服原料，也需要更多的勇气。幸福果的果树藏在大山深处，拨开长满尖利勾刺的枝叶，幸福果就隐藏在其中。(苗哥：摘到了。)(苗妹：摘到了，那么多啊。哥，你好能干啊。可以做百鸟农了。我来接一下，你小心啊。)农闲时，妇女们聚在一起，开始制作百鸟衣，她们用工具挖出幸福果的果肉，把白色的羽绒扎好。先用针线将土珍珠和果壳穿起来，再在底部用帮上实现扎好的羽绒，最后将这一根根装饰缝到衣服上。42 万方数据广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告AppendixIITranslationTextThisisafifty-year-oldcotton-flut五ngworkshop．Itssignboardwasmottledandfaded．Theeldercratatsmanretiredandthelittleapprenticebecameanexperiencedmaster．ZhouJingrong(acottonfluffingcraftsman)：Imadequiltswhen1was12yearsoldwithmyfather,beinganapprentice,andat17IbecameanindependentcrafismartManypeopleinFengcunvillagefluffedcottonandmadecottonquiltsinthepast．FengcunvillageislocatedatthesuburbofYulincity,Guangxi．Onceuponatime，halfofthevillagersfluffedcotton,winningitsfameinVu!in,butnow,thesoundofhandmadecottonfluffingcouldonlybeheardanymoreinthissmallworkshop．Zhou：lfluffcottontoearnaliving,fo，sDmanyyears,Ihaven}receivedanyapprentice．It"salldonebymyself．Thebigworldhasnocraftsmanstarvingtodeath．Thisoldsayingembodiesthe砌印tllphilosophyoftheChinesepeople，whohavethrivedbyhardworking．Somespecialcraftsmanshipisnormallypasseddownfromthefathertotheson,andthenextgenerationsjustfollowsuit．Zhoulearntthehandmadecotton-fluffingtechniquefromhisfather．Fluffingcottonisthetraditionaltechniqueofhandmadecotton-quiltinChina．Itisalsocalledfluffingcotton-quilt．Zhou：AquiltmadeofnewcottontSanewcottonquilt．Torenewanoldcottonquiltistochangeoldcottonwithnewones．YulincityofGuangxiisarelativelycentralizedareaforcotton-fluffing．Duringthemidandlatetwenty—century,quiteafewcraftsmencouldbeseenatthecomersofstreets．Manycraftsmenalsospreadtootherplacestoearnaliving．ThisWasnotbecausetheycannotsupporttheirfamiliesbyfarming，butbecausefluffingcottonisakindofcraftsmanship．Everyoneneedscottonquiltsinhisdailylive；thereforefluffingcottonisapopularandrespectablejob．43 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士学位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告Zhou：Traditionalcotton—fluffingemphasizeseredit．qualityanddurability．Fluffingcottonneedsbigslingshot,cottonfluffingbeetle，nethermillstone，yam．stretchingpoleandsomeclean-and-emptyspaces，andthenthebusinessbegins．Eachtoolhasadifferentfeature．Zhou：Fluffingcottonmainlyreliesonthisbow．Thisisthebeeftendon．This括theplank,beetleandacarryingload．Thebeetle括madeofcratoxylumligustrinum,veryhard刀zP6P矿tendonisspecializedforfluffingcotton,withoutitthecottoncannotbefluffedThiscraftsmanshiprequirestacitcooperation，becauseitcannotbeunderstoodbyreadingnorcanitbeexplainedinwords．Thereisnoshortcutexceptperceptionandpractice；thesecretsarehiddendeeply011themindofthecraftsmen．Thewholeprocessofmakingcottonquiltincludesseveralprocedures．Fluffingcotton，alsocalledrubbingcotton，isthefirstprocedureofmakingoldcottonwadding．mcraftsmanusesaboardshovel夙edwith60ironnails，torubthecottonSOastopullofftheoriginalyarnsandmakethefiberbelooseandfluffy．Thecottonfiberbearsthetensileforcethattearsapartthefibertothelargestextent．Handswillbescratchedeasilyduringthisprocess．Sotheprocedureoffluffingcottonisnormallycompletedbyapprenticewhostartslearninghowtomakethecottonquiltsfromfluffmgcotton．Regardlessofage，survivalistheprimaryconsiderationofanapprentice；thereforequiteafeweldersofFengcunvillagetumedtotheirrelativesandfriendstolearnsomecraflzmanshiptomakealiving．Oneimportantpartistoadjustthebow．Beingthemajortooltofluffcotton,thebowismadeofhighqualitywood，likeabigbow．Thebeeftendonropeattachedatthetwoendsofthebowiscalledabowstring，whichisbeatenbYthebeetletofluffthecotton．ThespecialbowembodiesthewisdomofFengcunvillagers，becauseitis270centimeterslong，twicethelengthsofotherbowsintherestofChina．Zhou：TheFengcunvillagersinventthisbow,SOittScalledthebowofFengcunvillage．Thebeeftendonropehasgoodtoughness；nothingwouldbebetterthanitformakinga 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告bowstring．Zhou：Thebeeftendonropehastobe拥thesameplacewiththebowfromtoptobottominordertocorrectlyfixingtherightposition,ifnot,thecottonwouldnotbefluffy．Adjustingabowstringishighlydemanding．Onlythecraftsmanwhohasyearsofexperienceinfluffingcottoncanhaveagoodcontrolonthetightnessofthebowstring．Similartotheviolin,settingthebowstringalsohasitsownstandard．Ifitweretooloose，theforceofthebowstringwouldnotbeenoughtofluffthecotton；cA3nversely,ifthebowstringweretootight,thebeatingareawouldbesmall．Or,wecallit‘"notabletoentanglethecotton"’interminology．Itmustbeverycarefulwhen舭hingthebowstringtight,whichcanshowtheskillofacraftsman．Thestringshallneverbebroken；otherwise，itwouldberegardedasabadomen．Afterthecottonhasbeenstretched，thebowissetandthebowstringisdaubedwithwax，theshowbegins．Zhou：Daubingthebeeftendonistowaxit,inordertopreventthecottonfrombeingsackyonthebeeftendon,andtomakeitfl蛾Flul五ngcottoninFengcunVillageisprettydi伍删fromthatofotherplacesinChina．Theycreatedthesitting-and-fluffingmethodtopavethecottononthecleanlandinsteadofwoodblockordais．BydoingSO，theydonotneedtowalkaroundwhilecarryingaheavybow．Thetoolsarethedeadwoodandtenaciousbamboopoleonwhichabowishanging．Thecraftsmanwouldgraciouslysitonthedeadwood,holdingthebowonthelefthandandwoodbeetleontheright．Theprocessofbeatingwilllastforonehourwithoutarest．Thelargebowcancoverthewholeargaofcotton,hence，thecraftsmandoesnotneedtomovefrequently．Bydoingso，muchenergyissavedwhiletheefficiencyisimproved，whichembodiesthewisdomofFengcunvillagers．Zhou：Weinventedthebowandthesitting-and-fluffingmethodtOS∞7eenergyofourwaist,SOastoimproveefficiency．ThesoundofbeetlebeatingisprobablyoneofthemostfamiliarsoundsinChinesepeople’Smemory．45 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告Thebowstringhasomyonefrequency．Ifitwereputdeeplyintothecotton,thelowfrequencywithmuffledvoiceitproducedwouldbedifferentfromwhichproducedoutsideofthecotton；thelatterhasahigherfrequencywithclearandmelodioussound。Althoughagoodcraftsmancannotplaybeautifulmelodyonthebow,heGallproducetouchingrhythm，whenthebowrings，itistheshowtimeforskills．Everycotton-fluffingcraftsmanhashisownspecialskillsandexperience．ThesoundofastringCantellwhethersomeoneisexperiencedornot．FluffingcottonnotonlychallengesthecraftsmanofIrisphysicalcapacity,butalsohistechnique．Duringtheprocess，thelefthand，byholdingabow,doesthepowerfulnon。stop。and-levelwaveringinasmallerrange，whiletherightbandwithbeetlebeatsonthebeeftendonconstantly,controllingthepace，balancingtheforce，risingandfallingtofluffthecotton，thusthecottonfiberwouldnotwraparoundthebowstring．Thiscraftsmanwillbeconsidered弱thebest．Zhou：flitweredone觑thewrongway,thecottonwouldbestickyonthestring．Thesafestpartistofluffthecottonandthemostlaborsavingpartistostretchtheyarn．Stretchingyamisforfixingthefluffedcotton．Usingayam—stretchingpoletothrowoutyams，apairofpartnersCancoverthewholecottonevenlyanddenselywithyamsintwosidesfromhorizontaltoperpendiculardirection．Crat瓠manwoulddecorateonthecottonwaddingwithsomepatternsfortheneedofcommemoration．Somerenownedcraftsmenattachgreatemphasisonthisbecausetheybelievethisisthemarkofprestigeandthelabeloftheirwork．Zhou：Theredcolorsymbolizesluck,therefore,manyfamiliespreferredyarn．Afterstretchingtheyam，thelastimportantpartistogrindcottonsurface．Zhou：Thelastpartistogrindthecottonsurface,andthenitisfinished．Anethermillstonecallprovehowgoodthecraftsmanshipis．Thecralbman’SexperienceandfeelingCanensureproperforce．Repeatedgrindingisneededtomakethecottonbecomedensewithoutanysparespace，SOthecottonquiltwillbeverywarmanddmble．Zhou：Whenpelletsappearonyarns,itmeaHsthoseyarnsalreadyhavebeenwrapped 万方数据广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告aroundthecottonclosely．W-ahthepopularizationofmachinery,everythingchangesinthisfield．Machineryisreplacingmanuallabor,improvingthequantityandqualityofcottonquilts，andcreatingthetrendandfashionofthetime．NowinFengcunvillage，quiteafewfamiliesalreadychosetousemachines，whosedailyproductionishundredtimeshigherthanthatofmanuallabor．Zhou：Nowthecottonquiltscanbemadebymachines,ourtraditionalhandmadecottonfluffingskillhasnomoremarket,youngpeoplearenotwillingtolearn砌括skill．EventhoughIamwillingtoteachsomeone,noonewantstolearn．Thehandmadecottonfluffingindustrynowisfacingthemostseverechallenge，孕aduallyretreatingtothevanishingedge．Manycraftsmenhadtohanguptheirbowandthenstartedthemachine．Otherpeoplechangedjobsbecausetheywerelosingtheircompetitiveness．Thefamiliarsoundofbowstringcouldonlystayinourmemory．Tocarryonortogiveup，thatisaquestionto乃10u．Atpresent,heisstillunwillingtostopfluffingcotton,ashehasbeendoingthatforseveraldecades．Fluffingcottonfillshislifewithprideandhappinessandembodieshisexpertiseandhisownvalue．Fluffingcottonisallhislifeabout．Today,peoplenolongerworryabouttheircottonquilts，notevencareabouttheexistenceofhandmade-cottonem_Rsman，butthewarmthandunforgettabletouchingrhythmbroughtbythemwouldlingeronpeople’Smindforever．47 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告Alreadyfortyyears．Ihavehadmyham：utherefo，．almostfortyyears,Wearefamiliarwitheachother．Andweareclassmates．Hewasmyfellowworker,InthebackupteamofthecountrysideBarberZhaowasfromJingxiCounty．Inthe1970s，heWasaforestryworkerinDebaoCounty．Atthattime，barberLuowashisworkmate．Later,theywentbacktocountytowninsuccession．Zhaostillwenttovisithisoldfriend’Sbarbershop，evenafterhisretirement,Thestate—ownedbarbershopWasopenedin1970s．Severaldccadespassed,ittransformedintocollective—owned．ThepriceofahaircutquietlyrosefromcentstomorethanadozenYuan．Itseemsnothinghaschanged，timeseemstohefrozenhere，andeverythingisoldenoughtobedisplayedinthemuseum．Thereisnosalesmantoserveorpromotethe叨尸card．Sincepeopleareacquaintances，someofthemhaveevenknownfordecades，theyareusedtohavetalkswhilewaitingpatiently．露奢timetosweepthetombsofthedeceasedYes,it担thetime． 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告NongYongnian(theBarber)Yes,alreadyprepared．Sincetheyhaveenoughtacitunderstanding．Thereisnoneedforthecustomertosaywhichhairstyleheprefers，andthebarberdoesn’tbothertoask．Servingthesamepersonfordecades，thebarberalreadyrememberedthehairstylebyhishands．Fromhaircuttingtowashing，allthingsaredonebybarberhimself．Butnowthebarbershophasbeenequippedwithahot-watergasheater．硼1ismightbethebiggesttechnicalrenovationinthisshop，puttinganendtokettles，usedsincethe1980s．Customermssicnlisexcellent．NongYongnian(theBarber)Ittakestimetolearnit．砀emostdifficultstyle括thecrewcut．It"snoteasytomakeitflat．ItshouMbe加linewiththecustomer§headform．Ifone§head括long,砀Phairstyleshouldnbethe如馏ones．Talkingabouthislearningexperienceinthepast,NongYongnian,theseventy-year-oldbarberstillhasavividmemory．NongYongnian(theBarber)OurleaderhiredanoldbarbercalledbarberZengfromYouj蛔ngbarbershopToteachUSworkmanshipThenwewenttothecountrysideforpracticeSuchasZurongtown,Nafiatown,RongsangtowrLFinallywecouldsetupourownbUSiness．rnlebarbershophasnosignboardorshiningname．Becausewhenopenedupin1970s，thisvdastheveryfirst-and-onlyoneforalongtimeinDebaoCounty,noneedtocreateaname．49 万方数据广西大学专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告AtthattimewehadlOpeopletolearntheworkmanship．Fivemen,fivewomen．NowweareallretiredIn2006，thelastbarbersretired，includingbarberNong．Atthesametime，hairsalonswerecroppingupeverywhereinthecounty．Oldbarbershopsseemedtohavenomarket．BarberNongwonderedwhetherheshouldretireandenjoytherestofhislifeafterworkingforhalfacentury．Butsomeoldfriendscametohimandmadehimchangehismind．Evenafterretirement,someoldfriendsandregularcustomersstillneedUS．Sometimes1wasabitslower,hedidnseeme,andthenhewouldcomebyhimself．‘"Hey,whyhaven}弘甜comeyet?Areyougoingtoquitthisjobafterretirement?”Cometoyourhome?Yes．Infact,barberNongneverreallywentawayfromhisjobthathasaccompaniedhimforthirtyyears．Itomthem1wouMgo,1willgotomorrow．Knowingsomeregularcustomersstillneedhim，barberNongf姒lyresumedhisoldcareerwithhisbarberrazorsandclippers．Anothertwobarbersaredoingthesame，runningtheoldbarbershopsafterretiringfromstate—ownedones．Everymorning，customerswouldgatheraroundthegatebeforebarber’Sarrival．IntheeyesofbarberNong，theregularcustomer’Slovefortheoldbarbershopcouldbeexplainedbytheiryearsofhabitsandnostalgicfeelings．50 万方数据广西大学专业硕士掌位论文．广西电视台纪录片怡≯村拾追(上)》字幕翻译项目报告DoingthiscanincreasemyincomeAndbringconveniencefo，．customers．Aslongaslamhealthy,Icouldcontinuethisjobfo，．acoupleofyears．Iftheoldbarbershopswereregulararmies，thenthestreetrazorstallscouldberegardedasguerrillas．DifferentfromplainsinnorthChina,countiesofGuangxiaremainlylocatedinmountainlands．DebaoCountyinwesternGuangxi，isatypicalStoneMountainarea．Itisdifficultforbarberstogouphillanddowndaletofindcustomersthere．Therefore，therelativelystablerazorstallismorepopularthanrazortiaozi(akindofloadingtoolusedbybarbers)．Comparedwiththeoldstylebarbershop，facilitiesherearesimpler．Thebarberusuanycommutestohisstallbybike，thenheputsthebikeasidcthestall，takesouthistoolbox，setsoutchairs，sitsdownandbeginshisbusiness．Thestallisrightbesidethebazaar,withmanypeoplepassingby．Theirbusinessgraduallybecomesbetterandbetter．Peopleusuallycomeheretohaveahaircut．’Thewaitinglineisnotlong．Oneends，anotherstartsimmediately．Thebarbercutshairquickly,takesmoneyandcontinuestodohisjobwithoutstoppingforasecond．Hisservicesdonotincludehair-washingSOastosavemoretime．Somepeoplejustpassby；somecomeonpurposefortheqmck，convenientandlow-costservice．Itonlycostslessthan10Yuan,whereelseCanwefindthiskindofservice?FemalebarberAOurpriceisquiteloW,Usuallythebarbershopwouldcharge10to15Yuan,Weonlycharge7YuartAlthoughthefacilitiesarenotverygood，thelowpdceandthethoughtfulserviceattractmanycustomers．FemalebarberB51 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告Howaboutit?Ilearnedtocut砌护inZhongshancityofGuangdongprovincein2007．ThenIcamebackhereandopenedabarbershop．Thebusinesswasnotgood．．S『DIcamehere．Normally1woulddohaircuttingformorethanlOpeopleinone撕Clippers，electrichaircuttersandothertoolsareallinthestallnOW．，nleshaverismainlyusedforshavingfinehairandsidebums．Butitwastotallydifferentfromstallsintheearlierperiod．Atthattime，barbersoftenusedshavers．WeiXuehu(aFolklorisOAtthattimethereWasnobarbershopinthecounty．Wecamefromruralareas．UsingarazorAndaneckerchiefWedon}usesoap,Justwipethemustachewithwaterbeforeshaving．Normallycustomerswouldshavetheirheadsbald．Inthepast,manyoldmenpreferredtoshavetheirheadsbaldforhealthandconvenience．Theychosetocutcornersinsteadoflookinggood．田1emanwhohelpedtoshaveWasnotanyprofessional，justallironsmithwhoforgedrazors．AccordingtotheZhenanAnnal,until1945，Tianbao(DebaoCounty)，hadthefirsteverbarbershop．However,onlythegovernmentofficialscouldgotothebarbershop．Normalcitizenshadtogotothebarberstalls．ButitWasdifficulttofindbarberstallsinDebaoCountyatthattime．Barberswerebusyinotherbusinesses；onlyonthefairdayswouldtheycome．ThistraditionstillcontinuesinDebaoCounty’Sruralareas．YandongTownshipofDebaoCounty52 万方数据广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告BarberDeng乃咖1willgotothefa护tocuthairforothers,Today／sfa／rday．BarberDeng’ShouseislocatedinYandongTownshipofDebaoCounty．Hewillgotothefairtocuthairforothersoneveryfairday．Thisishishabitthatlastsfordecades．Everydateendingwith1，4or7isthefairdayofYandongTownship．TheincreasinglyconnectingroadsbringconveniencetotheruralpeopleSOthattheycangotothecountywhenevertheylike，noneedstopurchasetoomanydailynecessitiesonthefairclays．Yet,goingshoppingonthefairdaysisalong-timetradition；theylovetowalkaroundeventhoughtheyhavenopurchasingdemands．BarberDeng’Sstallisatthecenterofthefairmarket．Hestillgetssome‘‘fans’’eventhoughthestallisshabby．Usuallywhenhehangsupthemirror,hisfansalreadysitdownwaitingforhim．Ruralpeopleusuallymakecrafb，suchasbamboobasketsandfarmtoolstomakealivingduringtheslackperiod．Deng’Sfamilyheritageishaircutting，whichisnatttmllyagoodwaytosupporthisfamilyduringtheslack-farmingseason．CustomerHowmucharethechickens?TenYuan?Onecustomerisbargainingwithachickendealerwhilehavingahaircut．啊记electricityforhaircutterisborrowedfromaneighboringdee-noodlestore．Intheearlydays，barberstallanddee—noodlestorewereapairofreciprocalpartners．WeiXuehu(Folklorist)Atthattime,Therewasnosoapwhenshavinghair,Barberwouldwipethecustomer§hairwithwaterbeforeshaving记Sochildrenwouldfeelpainfulwhenthewaterdriedup．砀秒werescared．Asaconsequence,parentswouldtellthem53 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告‘"1willmkeyoutoenjoythericenoodleifyouhaveyourhaircut．ItwouMbeagreatenjoymentfo，．themtohavericenoodle,3憾likewecanhavemoredishestoday．Wehadareallyhardlife加1970s．Becamehaircutwaspainfultothem，childrenoftenrefusetohaveit．Therefore，parentswouldtempttheirchildrenwithricenoodleonthefairdaysinordertohavetheirchildren’Shaircut；meanwhiletheywillalsotreatthechildrenwithricenoodles．Withtheconstantimprovementofpeople’Slivingstandardinruralandurbanareas，peoplebecomepickyfortheirhairstyles，especiallyforthoseyouthwhowanttobeunique．Theyevenregardhairstyle弱thesymboloffashiontrends．FortheoldbarberslikeNong，theyhavenoideahowlongtherazorsandreclinersCansurvive．Withtimepassingby,fashiontrendsarechangingrapimy．Theoldcraftwouldgraduallystepdownfromthestageandbecometheitemofmuseum．Butwhattheyknowclearlyisthathaircut，anordinarycraft,willstaylonginthememoriesofgenerations． 万方数据LiuWenjunhasbeenmakingpopcornformorethan30years．Heoftentravelsaroundthecountryforhisbusiness．Thepopcornthathesellsistraditional．Wheneverhestops，hedoesnotneedtocryout．Thedeafeningsoundfromthepopoommachineisthebestattraction．Elders，youngerpeopleandchildrenareallamazedbytheironmachineathishands．Wenjun(apopcornmaker)TakesomeforyourchildHereforyou．WenjunistemporarilylivingintheurbanvillageaftersettlingdowninOuangxi．Eachdaybeforeopeninghisbusiness，Liuwouldsievecornsforseveraltimestopickoutthebestonestomakesweetandcrisppopoom．Wenjun(apopcornmaker)Somecustomershaven}seenitformorethantwentyyears．TheybuypopcornjustforfunandtorenewtheirmemoriesofchildhoodItwascommoninthe1970st01980s．Sincetherewerehardlyanysnacksforkidsatthattimesotheywouldjostleforit．GrandmaLiearnsherlivinginonealleyofShuijie，Nanning．Thesechubbystripsrollingdownfromthewinnowingfanareoneofthefavoritesnacks．Itiscalledworm-shapedricenoodlebypeopleinSouthChina．Themakingprocessisveryeasy．Firstly,mixingthemilledrawriceflourwithproportionalcookedriceflour,andevenlykneadingthemintoapaste．Secondly,pouringsomeunboiledoilonthebottomofthewinnowingfanincasethepastestickstothebottom．Thenkneadingthepasteonthewinnowingfantoimprintring-likepatterns．Bydoingthis，thericestriplookslikewormverymuch,thusitwinsthenameofworm-shapedricenoodle．GrandmaLi(amakerofworm-shapedricenoodle)55 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片怡≯村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告Theworm-shapedricenoodle括ourtraditionaldelicacy．Intheolddayswecall豇extradish．SeveralfamiliessittogethertOgrindtherice．Aftergrinding,boiling,kneadingandsteaming,wewouldsharethericenoodletogether．Icanstillrecallthefoodtasteofthe1960"snow．Iteventastedasgoodasmeat．Tenkilometersaway,YanXiaogang，thesugarartistisdrawingpaintingswithsugar．SugarpaintingmadebyhimisSOvividthatpeoplewouldliketoke印itinsteadofeatingit．Havinglearnedthecraftforeightyears，Yantravelledaroundandmadegreatprogressinsugarpainting．Sugaranimalspaintedbyhimarelifelike．Sugarpaintingtransformedsugarintoartwimvisualbeauty．Nowanderitislistedintheintangibleculturalheritage．YanXiaogangSugarartistThiskindofsweetisthememoryofmanypeople．Actuallymorefoodtastebetterthansugarnow．Butmostcustomers,includingme,aremissingthesweetnessofourchildhood．Manypassengersarewatchinghimmakingsugarpaintinginsteadofbuyingone，maybebecausepeoplealenotwillingtohavesweetnowadays，orbecausetheycherishtheunforgettablememoryoftheirchildhoodandtheenjoyablemomentwhenwatchingthewholemakingprocess．Mr．Xiao(acustomer)Afterall,wecouldsee订everywhereonthestreetswhenwewereyoung．Welikethetasteofwhatweatewhenwewereyoung．(WhenIWasachild)IparticularlywishedthatthesugarartistcouldmakeabiggerSuchasacraboradragon．Thenwewouldcomparetheshapeswitheachother．Andcompeteonwhocanfinisheatingitfirst．ButwewereallreluctanttOeatthemup．Customer56 万方数据广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾追(上)》字幕翻译项目报告』haveneverseenthisbefore．SowhenIsawthesugarart,withmyfriendandherchild,1wasverysurprised．Ithoughtitwasamazing．And1wanttoknowmoreaboutit．soI’dliketorecordit．Whenthechildgrowsupandwatchesitagain,Hecouldlearnsomethingdifferent．Duringthatperiod,peopledidn’thaveenoughfoodtoeat,letalonemeat．Thus，friedworm-shapedricenoodlemixed谢mChinesechivesandbeansproutswasthebestmsh．Rdoesn’tmatterwhetheritwasworm-shapeornot,itactuallywouldn’taffectthetasteofriceflour．Butthewormshapemakestheordinaryricenoodlebecomeenjoyable，providingmorephysicalsatisfactionandvisuale坷。耻ntforpeople．Inpeople’Schildhoodmemory,thetasteofwarm-shapedricenoodlewillmakethemmisstheirhome．Maybethisisthereasonwhypeopletreasureittilltoday．Liusetsthestallinthesameplaceforseveraldays．Thebusinessgoeswell．Popcornmachineis，infact,apressurevessel．Putrawmaterialssuchascorn,rice，beansandyellowriceintothemachine；andthensealmachinecover．Withthejointforceofthetorquerodandthetorquetube，rotatingheadscrewtokeepmachinecoverpressureseal．Settingthepopcornmachineonthestandandheatingitwiththefirebelow．Rotatingthepopcornmachinebyhandatthesametime．Itwillmakethegrainevenlyheatedandsoftened．Becauseofheating，internalpressurerisesslowly．Atacertainpressure，stopheatingandaimingthepopcommachinecovertowiremeshbags．Forciblypullthesmalllevertoloosenthebucklesofbigbendstructure；sothatunderthepressureinsidethepopcornmachine，thecoVerwillopen．DuetothehightemperatureandhighpressurethegaswilljetoutalongwiththeprocessingraWmaterial．Duringtheinjectionprocess，thepressureofoutsidedropsrapidly,makinggraininternalgastoexpandrapidly,asaresult,thegrainwillbepopped,andthepopcornismade．‘‘Bang”isthesoundmadebyold-fashionedpopcornmachine，whichWasthechildhood57 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告memoryofmanygenerations．Mostofthemgrewupduringthe1960sand1970s．1wouldhideawaywhenthepopcornmakingprocesswasalmostdone．Ilovedpopcornwhen1waslittle．VillagerWewouldsparesomecorntomakepopcornSincewehadnomoneytobuysnacksatthattime．ResidentIhaveseen历西before．ItWasreallygoodifyoucouldaffordpopcornatthattime．500gramofpopcorncosts20cents．BothchildrenandadultswerehaPPYtohavepopcornassnacks．Duringtheyearswhenpeopledidn’thaveenoughfoodtoeat,theywouldtryvariousmethodstofilltheirhungrystomachs．Hence，someinsectsalecookedastheirfood．Blackinsects，livinginthepaddyfield，wereonedeliciousfoodofmanypeoplewhentheywereyoung．YangMingxiong，oneofthevillagers，withhischildrenislookingfortheseaquaticreptilesinthepaddyfield．ChndIdonotknowwhatitis,myuncleaskedmetocome,SOIdid．Itissaidthatthisaquaticreptilemainlygrowsatthesideofrivuletsandpaddyfields，bec凋tusetheyneedhigh-qualitywater．Sincepesticidesandchemicalfertilizerskilledthemgradually,itismuchhardertofindthemnow．Itsscientificnameispredaciousdivingbeetle．YangMingxiongVillagerNowtheyarerarelyseen加thewater 万方数据广西电视台纪景片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告Ihaveseenandevencaught历P，拧b咖re．ButnOW历g陀agemuchlessA埘i“sveryh硎lo知dthem．Someonewhodoe姐’tknow吞boutthisuglyreptilecannoteventellitsname，nottomendonitsusage．nissaidthatea血g“isnotjuStforfillingstomachS，butmo阳foritsmedicinalValueinmeeallieryears．Yr姐gMin鲥ong(a讪ager)WhattSthis如?IcannottenyoHnOW．场”w讲砌Dwlater．M已Lmtravelsacross日1cco叫时谢tllhisold-斛li∞edpopeomm∞hine．WhileWuShengehaoisc巧啦hisc0讹ncandyforsale．Costume璐ofpopcom玳Ol。l[enadu也whileco,oncandyispoplll盯丽mthechildr锄．Thehi曲te：m】pe硪tureof100deg陀es啪turntllewhitesugarintosugar丘lanleI她，嬲long鹪Mr．Wutakesgoodcon缸Dlon廿地angleofmelinadonofb锄n．boosdckandbalanceofr0怵io轧thesugarfil锄nentswoddevenlytwinearoundmeb缸dboostickw池p溉ttingshape．Abigc础oncandyo山conSUIIIC$10gramsofwhite酬罾mⅥmgblin函ongVilla辞rIcan胞玎弘甜刀D讹ThiSiSedible．Adelicto懈加耐when1w璐ali盯leboy．The衔edpredaeiomdivingbeetlewidlpleasantflavoralready血edinmanypeople’semoodm印∞巧．Theycan蛐lrecallthat∞veraldecadesago，atmeco麟ofstreets，mestreetvendorcarriedaloadof衔edpredaeiouSdivingbeetlesand嘶edhis900dSforsale．ThevendorwasoftenenciI℃ledbya印upofcllildrenwhoaredroolmgfor廿ledelic哪Then也eyboughtsomeand$hal"gdtoge也既Atfirst，parentsused也epredaeiomdiv吨beetleaSmedicmeforc11ildr姐’sbed-wetting．Butafterflying而moil，thecIispt疵wonmeheartsofchil由en．However，ye粥later,thepopularsnackishardtofind．Now"whenpeopletasteit59 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字摹翻译项目报告agam,itdoesn’tmatterwhetheritstilltasteslikebeforeornot,whatisimportantisthatthewarmmemoryiswakingupfromthebottomoftheirheart．Theold-fashionedpopcorn，sugarart，worm-shapedriceflour,衔edpredaciousdivingbeetleandcottoncandy,aresomethingwearefamiliarwithandfarfromllS．Whatwearefamiliarwithalethoseunforgettablechildhoodmemoriesandthepurewonderfultasteontongues．Butnowtheyarenolongerpopularandevenhardtofind．Thosewhomakethesedelicaciesarefadingawayfromoursightsnow．Peoplerecallthememoriesandfeelingsofthepast．Itishopedthatthistasteoflivelihoodcouldkeepthewarmthofhomeandbeautifulmemoryofpeople’Swonderful 万方数据广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告LiangHuaniandLiangZhuymg，areMiaopeoplelivingintheWuyingvillageofRongshuiMiaoAutonomousCountyofGuangxi．1f11eplacewheretheyliveisnearly200-kilometerawaytothecounty．mleavesjustpickedoffarestill毹Sh．mordinary-lookleavesaregoingtotakeamazingeffect．砸sfernleafandsomeplantashcanbemadeintoam画翻dyestuff．LiangZhuyingcametoGuangxifromGuizhouprovinceaftermarryingherhusband3yearsago，andsincethenshehasbeenlivinginWuyingvillage．ForMiaopeople，fabricdyeingisanecessaryskillforeverywomanlivinghere．(Wuyingvillage，RongshuiMiaoAutonomousCounty,Guangxi)WuyingvillageisthefurthestMiaovillagelocatedatthejunctionofGuizhouandGuan弘i．Intermofthegeographicalposition，halfofthevillagebelongstoRongshuiCounty；anotherhalfisunderthejudsdictionofCongjiangCountyofGuizhou．Itisjustlikeanisolatedislandhiddendeeplyinthemountain,farawayfromthehustleandbustleofmodemcivilization．LiangZhuyingpouredsomedeewineintothedyevattoadjustthepHvalue，SOastomakethecolorbetterattachedonthecloth．(LiangZhuying：Likethis,mixitandtasteit,豇≥done．)Whendyeingfabric，Miaopeopleusgindigoinasthemainmaterial，coupledwithsomesweetpotatoesandplantashesasaccessorytomakepurplishcottoncloth．Afterdrippinganddrying，itwillbereadyfor如rnl盯processing．(Grandma：Look,mygrandchild,thisistheLiangbuclothwedressedourgenerationaftergeneration．)Afterbeating，theclothmaterialrevealsitspurplishluster．Tocolortheclotheswithnaturalplantsisanancientwisdom．Itsatisfiesthedesireforcolorofalandlockedandimpoverishedvillageandalsokeepsthenaturalqualityofclothes．Liangbu,intheMiaoareaofGuangxi，isregardedbythelocalsasthemostreliablefabricandbasicfabricofalltraditionalcostumes．(GandongVillage，RongshuiCounty,Guan毋d)NotfarfromtheWuyingV"dlage，GandongVillageisholdingacontesttocelebratethe61 万方数据广西大掌专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告InternationalWomen’SDayonMarch8m．(Ready?Nowbegin!GoGoGoOOnthefield,menarehavingafiercetug·of-warcompetition；offthefield,YangGulhuaandotherwomenaredressmgupforthecarnivalaftercompetition．(gangGuihua：weallwearthiscostumeonceremonies,whichiscalledthebirdfeathereddress,passeddownbytheeldersinfamilies．)Birdfeathereddress，alsocalledLushengdress，iscloselyrelatedtothelivesofthelocals．ItboastsahistoryofthousandsofyearsinRongshuiCounty．Itwassaidthatinthepast,themwere110drumsinthemortalworld,humanshadtoclimbladders(calledTiantiinChinese)towatchthedrumshow．GodgavehumansadrumasagiftSOastoridthemofclimbing．Butduringtheprocessofgivingthedrumfromheaventothemortalworld,GodarcCidentallydroppedthedrumintoacliff．TheMiaopeopleregardedBaihangchick(akindofchick)asthekingofthebirdsatthattime．ItWashimthatconvenedbirdstohelphumanstofindthedrum．Thereby,theMiaopeopledecorateclotheswithwhitefeatherstocommemoratethehelpofthebirds．InLuoRongguang’Shome，afamilytreasurewaskeptforgenerations，theyareveryproudofit．LuoRongguang(avillager)：Mymomkeptitmlnow,Iamthe12幅generation,SOthisdresshasahistoryofalmost300years．)Astimepassesby,thisbirdfeathereddressbecomestheoldestoneinOuangxi．Naturally,itisregardedastheoriginalversionfordress-makingoftheMiaoPeople．Thebird—feathereddressconsistsofablousewithflowerpatternsandadresswithfeathers．TheLiangbufabricwillbeembroideredwithflowers，birdsandgrassespatternsontheshoulder,backandsleeves．Duetothecomplexpattemsandhand-madetechnique，itusuallytakeshalfayeartocompletetheembroideringprocess．Furthermore，pendantsmadewithLiugufi-uits(alsoknownasfruitofpearl)，shellsofavocados，whitefeathersandhand-embroideredsachetsareanimportantpartoftheskirt．(JiaShizhao,DeputyCuratorofRongshuiMuseum：Itisthesymbolofluckandhappiness．Inthatsmallsachet,Miaopeoplewouldputsomeherbs腑秒thinkcanprotectpeoplefromevils,aftersewingandembroidering,历秒wouldstringthesachetwithshellsandLiugufruits,whichwouldwardofftheevil． 万方数据广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告(LuoRongguangavillager：Ithasahistoryof300years．Thefeathersandtheplume口ll扣II．Thesearefruitsofpearl．Thisistheshellofit．Theycanbekeptwellformorethan300years．)Thesachetsandabout60pendantsalesewedatpositionssuchasshoulder,sleeves，hemsofclothanddresstomakethewholed职爆sbeautifulandgorgeouslikeabird．(LuoRongguangVillager：Thisdress括veryimportantduringsomefestivalsandontheDayofDancingandSinging,ifsomeonedoesnhave,he／shewillbeembarrassed．HeZshecanonlystandonthesideandwatchtheothers．Thisdressishandeddownfrommothertodaughter)(GandongVillage，RongshuiCounty)Comparedwithplains，tosurviveinthesteepmountain,oneneedsmolewisdom．TheancestorsofLuoRongguangcreatedallofthesebYhandbYtakingadvantageofwhatthemountainsprovide．Theyalsoneedmolecouragetogetthelawmaterialfrommountainstomakebeautifuldresses．Theavocadotreesalehiddendeepinthemountain．Peopleneedtopush商de也ebranchescoveredwithsharpthorns，thentheavocadofi"uitswillbefound．(Brother：Igotil-)(Sister：Goodforyou,brother!YouhavegotSOmany,nowwecanmakeaskirt．Letmecatchthesefruits．Becareful．)Duringtheslack-farmingseason，womengathertogethertomakedresses，usingtoolstodigoutthepulpsofavocadosandlashingwhitefeathers．Firstly,theywillstringtheLiugufruitandshellsbyneedleandthread,andthentheywilltieupthefeathersatthebottom，atlast,SeWthesedecorationsonthefabric． 万方数据广西大学专业硕士掌位论文广西电视台纪录片《乡村拾遗(上)》字幕翻译项目报告AppendixIIIWorkCertificate'