隧道工程开挖爆破技术交底

'施工技术交底施工单位名称：中国建筑股份有限公司武黄城际铁路二标项目经理部一分部交底日期：编号：HBCJWHSG2JD-ZY-工程名称魏家庄隧道里程/桩号DK14+460～DK15+200设计文件图号施工部位开挖爆破技术交底内容：爆破工艺流程、爆破方法、爆破注意事项。技术措施：1.光面爆破工艺流程工艺流程见光面爆破工艺流程图。检查分析爆破效果起爆出碴连接起爆网络装药堵塞调整线装药密度计算装药量及装药结构清孔作业钻孔施工调整孔距及药量放样布眼爆破设计光面爆破工艺流程图2.光面爆破工艺⑴爆破设计爆破设计的目的在于避免超欠挖和达到预期的循环进尺，并尽可能节省工料消耗。爆破设计的内容包括炮眼（掏槽眼、辅助眼、周边眼）的布置、数目、深度和角度，爆破器材、装药量和装药结构，起爆方法和爆破顺序，钻眼机具和钻眼要求等。⑵放样布眼周边眼要沿隧道开挖轮廓线布置，保证开挖断面符合要求。辅助炮眼交错均匀布置在周边眼与掏槽眼之间，力求爆破出的石块块度适合装碴的需要。钻眼前，用红铅油准确地绘出开挖断面的中线和轮廓线，标出炮眼位置，其误差不得超过5cm。integratedlevynephropathyintegratedlevynosymptomsurinecheckexceptionIgAnephropathyLupussexnephritisallergysexPurpurasexnephritisdiabetesnephropathyurinarytractinfectionkidneysmalltubebetweenqualitysexdiseaseacutekidneyfailurechronickidneyfailurerequirementsatleast30cases3.highrequirements(1)learningdiseasespecies:radicalsexnephritis.(2)language,andteaching,andresearch,capacityofrequirements:abroadaboutliteraturereviewedorreadingreport1article(3)clinicalknowledge,andskillsrequirements:kidneypuncture(six)endocrinemetabolismsection2months(containingendocrinesectionoutpatient2week)1.Rotarypurposemaster:thyroidfunctionhyperthyroidismsyndromeandthyroidfunctiondecreasesyndromeofcauseslearn,andclinicalperformance,andtreatmentandthelaboratoryperformance;diabetesclassification,andcauses,anddiagnosisstandard,andclinical15 ⑶定位开眼按炮眼布置正确钻孔，掏槽眼和周边眼的钻孔精度要高，开眼误差控制在3cm和5cm以内。⑷钻眼司钻工要熟悉炮眼布置，要能熟练地操纵凿岩机械，特别是钻周边眼，一定要由有较丰富经验的老钻工司钻，以确保周边眼准确的外插角，尽可能使两茬炮交界处台阶小于15cm。同时，要根据眼口的位置、岩石的凹凸程度调整炮眼深度，以保证炮眼底在同一平面上。周边眼与辅助眼的眼底在同一垂直面上，掏槽眼要加深10cm。炮眼的深度和角度要符合设计要求。掏槽眼眼口间距误差和眼底间距误差不得大于5cm；辅助眼眼口排拒、行距误差均不得大于10cm；周边眼眼口位置误差不得大于5cm，眼底不得超出开挖断面轮廓线15cm。⑸清孔装药前,必须用由钢筋弯制的炮钩和小直径高压风管输入高压风将炮眼内石屑刮出和吹净。⑹装药装药需分片分组自上而下进行装药，雷管要“对号入座”。所有炮眼均以炮泥堵塞，堵塞长度不小于20cm。采用预裂爆破时，要从药包顶端堵塞，不得只堵塞眼口。⑺连接起爆网络起爆网络采用复式网络，确保起爆的可靠性和准确性。连接起爆网络时需注意：导爆管不能打结和拉细，各炮眼雷管联接次数要相同；引爆雷管要用黑胶布包扎在离开一簇导爆管自由端10厘米以上处，导爆管连接次数要相同。网络联好后，要有专人负责检查核实，经检查符合要求时方可进行引爆。⑻起爆出碴网络联好后，在准备起爆前，人员撤离危险区，要设保护设施的一定要设置，然后由安全员核实，方可进行起爆。起爆采用非电毫秒雷管。起爆后，由原装药人检查炮眼爆破情况，全部爆破后进行出碴。如发现有瞎炮，要及时处理。⑼瞎炮的处理发现瞎炮，要首先查明原因。如果是孔外的导爆管损坏引起的瞎炮，则切去损坏部分重新连接导爆管即可，但此时的接头要尽量靠近炮眼。如因孔内导爆管损坏或其本身存在问题造成瞎炮，则要按下列条款进行处理。a.要由原装药人当场处理；处理瞎炮时，不得撤除警戒；遇特殊情况，经施工负责人准许后，可在下次放炮或休息时处理；瞎炮位置要设明显标志，其周围5m内禁止人员通行。b.炮眼中的导火索、导爆索等检查完好时可将引线重新接通，再行起爆。integratedlevynephropathyintegratedlevynosymptomsurinecheckexceptionIgAnephropathyLupussexnephritisallergysexPurpurasexnephritisdiabetesnephropathyurinarytractinfectionkidneysmalltubebetweenqualitysexdiseaseacutekidneyfailurechronickidneyfailurerequirementsatleast30cases3.highrequirements(1)learningdiseasespecies:radicalsexnephritis.(2)language,andteaching,andresearch,capacityofrequirements:abroadaboutliteraturereviewedorreadingreport1article(3)clinicalknowledge,andskillsrequirements:kidneypuncture(six)endocrinemetabolismsection2months(containingendocrinesectionoutpatient2week)1.Rotarypurposemaster:thyroidfunctionhyperthyroidismsyndromeandthyroidfunctiondecreasesyndromeofcauseslearn,andclinicalperformance,andtreatmentandthelaboratoryperformance;diabetesclassification,andcauses,anddiagnosisstandard,andclinical15 c.要在取出堵塞物后重新装起爆药包。d.不得在残眼中继续打眼。e.可在距瞎炮不小于0.6m处打一平行炮眼进行诱爆。f.硝胺类炸药可用水冲淡。⑽光爆质量检查爆破后的围岩面要圆顺平整，无欠挖，超挖量不大于10cm。周边炮眼痕迹在开挖轮廓面上均匀分布，炮眼残留率硬岩达80%以上、中硬岩达60%以上。爆破后，围岩面上无粉碎岩石和明显的裂缝，也不要有浮石（岩性不好时要无大浮石）。炮眼利用率80%～90%。⑾分析效果，调整炮眼间距和药量每次爆破后都要与爆破设计进行对照比较，及时修正爆破参数，提高爆破效果，改善技术经济指标。爆破效果要符合下列要求：a．超欠挖符合规定要求；b．开挖轮廓圆顺，开挖面平整；c．爆破进尺达到设计要求，爆出的石块块度满足装碴要求；d．炮眼痕迹保存率[（残留有痕迹的炮眼数/周边眼数）×100%]，硬岩≥80%，中硬岩≥60%，并在开挖轮廓面上均匀分布；e．两次爆破的衔接台阶尺寸不大于15cm。如爆破后石碴过小，说明辅助眼布置偏密或用药量偏大；如果石碴过大不便运碴，说明炮眼布置偏疏或药量偏小等情况均要调整爆破参数。3.施工设备空压机、钻孔台架、凿岩机、通风机、发电机等。隧道采用钻爆法施工，爆破方式包括：全断面光面爆破、正台阶光面爆破、三台阶七步法光面爆破施工，风动凿岩机钻眼。各种断面的技术参数见主要爆破技术参数表。主要爆破技术参数表断面类型开挖断面面积(m2)炮眼直径(mm)掘进进尺(m)周边眼间距E(m)抵抗线W(cm)相对距离E/W装药集中度Q(kg/m)掏槽结构形式Ⅲ级140.37422.80.60750.710.21二级复式楔形Ⅳ级上台阶59.40421.60.45700.750.12二级复式楔形Ⅳ级下台阶80.97421.60.45700.750.12二级复式楔形Ⅴ级140.37421.50.60600.750.22二级复式楔形爆破材料采用1～17段普通毫秒延期电雷管，周边眼采用低爆速、低密度、高爆力、传爆性好的小直径2integratedlevynephropathyintegratedlevynosymptomsurinecheckexceptionIgAnephropathyLupussexnephritisallergysexPurpurasexnephritisdiabetesnephropathyurinarytractinfectionkidneysmalltubebetweenqualitysexdiseaseacutekidneyfailurechronickidneyfailurerequirementsatleast30cases3.highrequirements(1)learningdiseasespecies:radicalsexnephritis.(2)language,andteaching,andresearch,capacityofrequirements:abroadaboutliteraturereviewedorreadingreport1article(3)clinicalknowledge,andskillsrequirements:kidneypuncture(six)endocrinemetabolismsection2months(containingendocrinesectionoutpatient2week)1.Rotarypurposemaster:thyroidfunctionhyperthyroidismsyndromeandthyroidfunctiondecreasesyndromeofcauseslearn,andclinicalperformance,andtreatmentandthelaboratoryperformance;diabetesclassification,andcauses,anddiagnosisstandard,andclinical15 号岩石硝铵炸药，富水地段采用乳化炸药，采用厂制炮泥堵塞，导爆管复式网路联接，全断面一次起爆。6.6全断面光面爆破全断面法掘进，坚硬岩石施工加强掏槽爆破，控制周边光爆孔，确保无超欠挖。爆破器材选用2#岩石硝铵炸药，普通毫秒延期电雷管系统毫秒微差有序起爆。⑴爆破设计图全断面炮孔布置、雷管段别布置、爆破网络布置见附图。⑵爆破药量分配全断面开挖药量分配见下表。全断面光面爆破炮眼药量分配表序号炮眼分类炮眼数雷管段数炮眼深度炮眼装药量每孔药卷数单孔装药量合计药量个段m卷/孔Kg/孔Kg1掏槽眼511.2550.753.752633.1131.9511.73扩槽眼753.0121.812.64辅助眼773.0121.812.65内圈眼11993.0121.8214.26周边眼36113.060.6322.687底板眼19133.1121.834.28合计199311.73⑶全断面爆破主要技术指标表全断面光爆主要技术经济指标见下表。全断面光面爆破主要经济技术指标表序号项目单位数量1开挖断面积m2140.372预计每循环进尺m2.83每循环爆破石方m3393.044炮眼总数个1995钻孔总数m590.756雷管用量发217integratedlevynephropathyintegratedlevynosymptomsurinecheckexceptionIgAnephropathyLupussexnephritisallergysexPurpurasexnephritisdiabetesnephropathyurinarytractinfectionkidneysmalltubebetweenqualitysexdiseaseacutekidneyfailurechronickidneyfailurerequirementsatleast30cases3.highrequirements(1)learningdiseasespecies:radicalsexnephritis.(2)language,andteaching,andresearch,capacityofrequirements:abroadaboutliteraturereviewedorreadingreport1article(3)clinicalknowledge,andskillsrequirements:kidneypuncture(six)endocrinemetabolismsection2months(containingendocrinesectionoutpatient2week)1.Rotarypurposemaster:thyroidfunctionhyperthyroidismsyndromeandthyroidfunctiondecreasesyndromeofcauseslearn,andclinicalperformance,andtreatmentandthelaboratoryperformance;diabetesclassification,andcauses,anddiagnosisstandard,andclinical15 7炸药用量Kg311.738比钻眼数个/m21.429比钻眼量m/m31.5010比装药量Kg/m30.7911单位体积岩体耗雷管量发/m30.2412预计炮眼利用率%936.7正台阶光面爆破施工采用正台阶法掘进。爆破器材选用2#岩石硝铵炸药、普通毫秒延期电雷管起爆系统，毫秒微差有序起爆。⑴爆破设计图正台阶炮孔布置、雷管段别布置、爆破网络布置见下图。后附正台阶上半断面光面爆破设计图及正台阶下半断面光面爆破设计图。(2)药量分配表断面开挖药量分配表见下表。上半断面光面爆破炮眼药量分配表序号炮眼分类炮眼数雷管段数炮眼深度炮眼装药量每孔药卷数单孔装药量合计药量个段m卷/孔Kg/孔Kg1掏槽眼410.930.451.82631.960.95.43辅助眼1051.840.664内圈眼3571.840.6215周边眼29111.820.216.096底板眼17131.971.0517.857合计1014358.14integratedlevynephropathyintegratedlevynosymptomsurinecheckexceptionIgAnephropathyLupussexnephritisallergysexPurpurasexnephritisdiabetesnephropathyurinarytractinfectionkidneysmalltubebetweenqualitysexdiseaseacutekidneyfailurechronickidneyfailurerequirementsatleast30cases3.highrequirements(1)learningdiseasespecies:radicalsexnephritis.(2)language,andteaching,andresearch,capacityofrequirements:abroadaboutliteraturereviewedorreadingreport1article(3)clinicalknowledge,andskillsrequirements:kidneypuncture(six)endocrinemetabolismsection2months(containingendocrinesectionoutpatient2week)1.Rotarypurposemaster:thyroidfunctionhyperthyroidismsyndromeandthyroidfunctiondecreasesyndromeofcauseslearn,andclinicalperformance,andtreatmentandthelaboratoryperformance;diabetesclassification,andcauses,anddiagnosisstandard,andclinical15 下半断面光面爆破炮眼药量分配表序号炮眼分类炮眼数雷管段数炮眼深度炮眼装药量每孔药卷数单孔装药量合计药量个段m卷/孔Kg/孔Kg1周边眼1211.820.212.522内圈眼1231.840.67.23掘进眼451.820.31.24掘进眼871.840.453.65掘进眼871.850.7566掘进眼871.850.7567掘进眼491.850.7538底板眼12112.060.910.89合计6840.32⑶主要经济技术指标表断面主要技术经济指标见下表。上半断面光面爆破主要经济技术指标表序号项目单位数量1开挖断面积m259.402预计每循环进尺m1.603每循环爆破石方m395.044炮眼总数个101.005钻孔总数m180.56雷管用量发111.007炸药用量Kg58.148比钻眼数个/m21.709比钻眼量m/m31.9010比装药量Kg/m30.6111单位体积岩体耗雷管量发/m30.4512预计炮眼利用率%90.0integratedlevynephropathyintegratedlevynosymptomsurinecheckexceptionIgAnephropathyLupussexnephritisallergysexPurpurasexnephritisdiabetesnephropathyurinarytractinfectionkidneysmalltubebetweenqualitysexdiseaseacutekidneyfailurechronickidneyfailurerequirementsatleast30cases3.highrequirements(1)learningdiseasespecies:radicalsexnephritis.(2)language,andteaching,andresearch,capacityofrequirements:abroadaboutliteraturereviewedorreadingreport1article(3)clinicalknowledge,andskillsrequirements:kidneypuncture(six)endocrinemetabolismsection2months(containingendocrinesectionoutpatient2week)1.Rotarypurposemaster:thyroidfunctionhyperthyroidismsyndromeandthyroidfunctiondecreasesyndromeofcauseslearn,andclinicalperformance,andtreatmentandthelaboratoryperformance;diabetesclassification,andcauses,anddiagnosisstandard,andclinical15 下半断面光面爆破主要经济技术指标表序号项目单位数量1开挖断面积m280.972预计每循环进尺m1.603每循环爆破石方m3129.554炮眼总数个68.005钻孔总数m124.86雷管用量发68.007炸药用量Kg40.328比钻眼数个/m20.849比钻眼量m/m30.9610比装药量Kg/m30.3111单位体积岩体耗雷管量发/m30.3912预计炮眼利用率%956.8三台阶七步开挖法爆破施工三台阶七步开挖法掘进爆破器材选用2#岩石硝铵炸药、普通毫秒延期电雷管起爆系统，毫秒微差有序起爆。⑴爆破设计图三台阶七步开挖法炮孔布置、雷管段别布置、爆破网络布置见附图。(2)药量分配表integratedlevynephropathyintegratedlevynosymptomsurinecheckexceptionIgAnephropathyLupussexnephritisallergysexPurpurasexnephritisdiabetesnephropathyurinarytractinfectionkidneysmalltubebetweenqualitysexdiseaseacutekidneyfailurechronickidneyfailurerequirementsatleast30cases3.highrequirements(1)learningdiseasespecies:radicalsexnephritis.(2)language,andteaching,andresearch,capacityofrequirements:abroadaboutliteraturereviewedorreadingreport1article(3)clinicalknowledge,andskillsrequirements:kidneypuncture(six)endocrinemetabolismsection2months(containingendocrinesectionoutpatient2week)1.Rotarypurposemaster:thyroidfunctionhyperthyroidismsyndromeandthyroidfunctiondecreasesyndromeofcauseslearn,andclinicalperformance,andtreatmentandthelaboratoryperformance;diabetesclassification,andcauses,anddiagnosisstandard,andclinical15 断面开挖药量分配表序号爆破部位炮眼分类炮眼数雷管段数炮眼长度炮眼装药量个段m每孔药卷数单孔装药量合计药量1上台阶掏槽眼411.470.98kg3.922811.891.26kg10.083831.891.26kg10.084辅助眼1051.560.9kg95871.560.9kg7.27内圈眼1691.560.8kg12.88周边眼26131.520.3kg7.89底板眼20111.891.26kg25.210合计10060.881中台阶左（2）掘进眼91、3、5、71.560.8kg7.22内圈眼591.560.8kg43周边眼5131.520.3kg1.54底眼10111.891.26kg12.65合计2925.37右（3）掘进眼91、3、5、71.560.8kg7.28内圈眼591.560.8kg4.09周边眼5131.520.3kg1.510底眼10111.891.26kg12.611合计2925.31下台阶左（4）掘进眼101、3、5、71.560.8kg8.02内圈眼591.560.8kg4.03周边眼5131.520.3kg1.54底眼11111.891.26kg13.865合计3127.36integratedlevynephropathyintegratedlevynosymptomsurinecheckexceptionIgAnephropathyLupussexnephritisallergysexPurpurasexnephritisdiabetesnephropathyurinarytractinfectionkidneysmalltubebetweenqualitysexdiseaseacutekidneyfailurechronickidneyfailurerequirementsatleast30cases3.highrequirements(1)learningdiseasespecies:radicalsexnephritis.(2)language,andteaching,andresearch,capacityofrequirements:abroadaboutliteraturereviewedorreadingreport1article(3)clinicalknowledge,andskillsrequirements:kidneypuncture(six)endocrinemetabolismsection2months(containingendocrinesectionoutpatient2week)1.Rotarypurposemaster:thyroidfunctionhyperthyroidismsyndromeandthyroidfunctiondecreasesyndromeofcauseslearn,andclinicalperformance,andtreatmentandthelaboratoryperformance;diabetesclassification,andcauses,anddiagnosisstandard,andclinical15 7右（5）掘进眼101、3、5、71.560.8kg8.08内圈眼591.560.8kg4.09周边眼5131.520.3kg1.510底眼11111.891.26kg13.8611合计3127.361隧道底掘进眼1211.560.8kg9.62底眼2051.820.3kg63合计3215.61预留核心上掘进眼51、51.550.7kg3.52中掘进眼101、3、51.550.7kg73下掘进眼151、3、51.550.7kg10.54合计3021.00Ⅴ级围岩下半断面光面爆破主要经济技术指标表序号项目单位数量1开挖断面积m2140.372预计每循环进尺m1.503每循环爆破石方m3210.564炮眼总数个282.005钻孔总数m452.006雷管用量发3027炸药用量Kg202.88比钻眼数个/m22.009比钻眼量m/m32.1410比装药量Kg/m30.9611单位体积岩体耗雷管量发/m30.3912预计炮眼利用率%93⑵钻孔方法及步骤整个钻孔过程中，可分为准备、定位、开口、拔杆、移位五步。准备：开工前准备工作做到“四查”integratedlevynephropathyintegratedlevynosymptomsurinecheckexceptionIgAnephropathyLupussexnephritisallergysexPurpurasexnephritisdiabetesnephropathyurinarytractinfectionkidneysmalltubebetweenqualitysexdiseaseacutekidneyfailurechronickidneyfailurerequirementsatleast30cases3.highrequirements(1)learningdiseasespecies:radicalsexnephritis.(2)language,andteaching,andresearch,capacityofrequirements:abroadaboutliteraturereviewedorreadingreport1article(3)clinicalknowledge,andskillsrequirements:kidneypuncture(six)endocrinemetabolismsection2months(containingendocrinesectionoutpatient2week)1.Rotarypurposemaster:thyroidfunctionhyperthyroidismsyndromeandthyroidfunctiondecreasesyndromeofcauseslearn,andclinicalperformance,andtreatmentandthelaboratoryperformance;diabetesclassification,andcauses,anddiagnosisstandard,andclinical15 。即：查钻机；查风水电及管路连接部位是否牢固；查钻头钻杆等配件是否备全；查消耗较多的器材是否有充分的余量。定位：先由测量班在掌子面画出周边眼位置及在隧道掌子面画出中线十字线，作业班将钻孔位置定下来，并将钻孔先后次序分配明确。开口：开口时慢慢推进，并特别注意钻杆的方向与隧道中线的夹角是否符合设计外插角。拔杆：遇整体性好的石质可中速慢慢拔出，如遇破碎岩石卡钎时，应慢慢来回推进，使之拔出，如拔不出，再靠近钻孔重新打眼，使之拔出。移位：钻好一个炮孔进行第二个炮孔钻进时，要做到“准、直、平、齐”。按周边孔参数要求，孔位要选准；各炮眼相互平行(孔口和孔底距相等)；孔底要落在同一平面上，爆出的断面要整齐，便于下一循环作业。⑶保证钻孔质量的措施找准中线腰线，标出孔位；首先钻正顶孔；预量钻杆长度做好标记，保证孔深符合设计深度。作业中的“七快、四勤、四不钻”。钻孔作业要做到“七快”，即：拉风水管快、安钻快、开钻快、换钻杆快、移动钻机快、交换位置快、排除故障快；“四勤”，即：保养钻机勤、维修风水电路勤、检查钻孔质量勤、检查险情勤；“四不钻”，即：不钻残孔、不钻石缝、不钻软夹层、不钻破碎层，只有这样才能有效地提高钻孔速度和质量。随道洞身开挖采用光面爆破，风动凿岩机钻眼，非电毫秒雷管微差起爆。周边眼采用φ25mm小直径药卷不耦合装药方式，其余炮眼采用连续装药，富水地段选用乳胶防水炸药，掏槽眼采用复式楔形掏槽。八、装药结构周边眼装药结构一般采用三种形式：比较破碎的岩层，采用双传爆线；中等岩层采用竹片、传爆线、间隔绑扎装药结构，底部药量适当加强；完整岩层采用光爆炸药连续装药结构。装药结构见下图。孔口炮泥堵塞，堵塞长度不小于20cm。integratedlevynephropathyintegratedlevynosymptomsurinecheckexceptionIgAnephropathyLupussexnephritisallergysexPurpurasexnephritisdiabetesnephropathyurinarytractinfectionkidneysmalltubebetweenqualitysexdiseaseacutekidneyfailurechronickidneyfailurerequirementsatleast30cases3.highrequirements(1)learningdiseasespecies:radicalsexnephritis.(2)language,andteaching,andresearch,capacityofrequirements:abroadaboutliteraturereviewedorreadingreport1article(3)clinicalknowledge,andskillsrequirements:kidneypuncture(six)endocrinemetabolismsection2months(containingendocrinesectionoutpatient2week)1.Rotarypurposemaster:thyroidfunctionhyperthyroidismsyndromeandthyroidfunctiondecreasesyndromeofcauseslearn,andclinicalperformance,andtreatmentandthelaboratoryperformance;diabetesclassification,andcauses,anddiagnosisstandard,andclinical15 炮眼装药结构图质量标准：1炮眼的深度和斜度符合钻爆要求。2.周边眼间距与抵抗线的相对距离要合理，通常减小周边眼间距，爆破后轮廓成形好。3.尽量减小周边眼外插角的角度，孔深小于3m时外插角的允许斜率宜为孔深的±5%；孔深大于3m时外插角斜率宜为孔深的±3%；外插角的方向要与该点轮廓线的法线方向一致。并要根据不同的炮眼深度，适当调整斜率。安全措施：1、进入隧道洞内必须戴安全帽。所有进入隧道工地的人员，必须按工种配带好安全防护用品，遵章守纪，听从指挥。2、发现隧道内有险情，必须在危险地段设置明显标志或派专人看守，并迅速报告施工现场负责人，及时采取措施处理。情况危急时，须将工作人员全部撤离危险区，并立即向上级报告。3、隧道各作业班组间须建立、完善交接班制度，每班开工前必须认真检查工作面安全状况。4、进入隧道内，手持照明灯具必须使用安全电压（12～36伏），开挖及衬砌作业地段必须使用安全电压，成洞地段方可使用110～220伏照明电压。隧道内要有充足的照明。integratedlevynephropathyintegratedlevynosymptomsurinecheckexceptionIgAnephropathyLupussexnephritisallergysexPurpurasexnephritisdiabetesnephropathyurinarytractinfectionkidneysmalltubebetweenqualitysexdiseaseacutekidneyfailurechronickidneyfailurerequirementsatleast30cases3.highrequirements(1)learningdiseasespecies:radicalsexnephritis.(2)language,andteaching,andresearch,capacityofrequirements:abroadaboutliteraturereviewedorreadingreport1article(3)clinicalknowledge,andskillsrequirements:kidneypuncture(six)endocrinemetabolismsection2months(containingendocrinesectionoutpatient2week)1.Rotarypurposemaster:thyroidfunctionhyperthyroidismsyndromeandthyroidfunctiondecreasesyndromeofcauseslearn,andclinicalperformance,andtreatmentandthelaboratoryperformance;diabetesclassification,andcauses,anddiagnosisstandard,andclinical15 5、进出隧道的人员走人行道或靠边行走，不得与机械或车辆抢道，严禁扒车、追车或搭车。6、严禁在隧道内停放的施工机械或车辆下坐卧或休息。7、隧道内不得存放汽油、煤油等易燃物品，洞内严禁明火作业或明火取暖。8、无论隧道通风机是否运转，严禁人员在有风管的进出口附近停留。通风机停止运转时，任何人员不得靠近通风软管行走或软管旁停留。不得将任何物品放在通风管或管口上。9、洞内爆破作业必须统一指挥，并由经过专业培训且持有爆破作业合格证的专职爆破工担任。爆破时所有人员必须撤到不受有害气体、震动和飞石损伤的地点。10、爆破器材加工的爆破作业人员严禁穿化纤衣服进行操作，防止摩擦产生静电火花，导致早爆事故的发生。11、火工品必须设专人管理，隧道内严禁存放雷管、炸药。12、严禁携带火种进入隧道内，各种机械、设备必须有防爆装置，加强隧道通风。当隧道瓦斯浓度达到1.5%时必须立即停止作业，并切断电源。13、隧道内各种运输设备严禁人料混装，各种摘挂作业均设置专职联络员，必须设专人指挥。编制人：复核人：签发人：接受人：integratedlevynephropathyintegratedlevynosymptomsurinecheckexceptionIgAnephropathyLupussexnephritisallergysexPurpurasexnephritisdiabetesnephropathyurinarytractinfectionkidneysmalltubebetweenqualitysexdiseaseacutekidneyfailurechronickidneyfailurerequirementsatleast30cases3.highrequirements(1)learningdiseasespecies:radicalsexnephritis.(2)language,andteaching,andresearch,capacityofrequirements:abroadaboutliteraturereviewedorreadingreport1article(3)clinicalknowledge,andskillsrequirements:kidneypuncture(six)endocrinemetabolismsection2months(containingendocrinesectionoutpatient2week)1.Rotarypurposemaster:thyroidfunctionhyperthyroidismsyndromeandthyroidfunctiondecreasesyndromeofcauseslearn,andclinicalperformance,andtreatmentandthelaboratoryperformance;diabetesclassification,andcauses,anddiagnosisstandard,andclinical15 integratedlevynephropathyintegratedlevynosymptomsurinecheckexceptionIgAnephropathyLupussexnephritisallergysexPurpurasexnephritisdiabetesnephropathyurinarytractinfectionkidneysmalltubebetweenqualitysexdiseaseacutekidneyfailurechronickidneyfailurerequirementsatleast30cases3.highrequirements(1)learningdiseasespecies:radicalsexnephritis.(2)language,andteaching,andresearch,capacityofrequirements:abroadaboutliteraturereviewedorreadingreport1article(3)clinicalknowledge,andskillsrequirements:kidneypuncture(six)endocrinemetabolismsection2months(containingendocrinesectionoutpatient2week)1.Rotarypurposemaster:thyroidfunctionhyperthyroidismsyndromeandthyroidfunctiondecreasesyndromeofcauseslearn,andclinicalperformance,andtreatmentandthelaboratoryperformance;diabetesclassification,andcauses,anddiagnosisstandard,andclinical15 integratedlevynephropathyintegratedlevynosymptomsurinecheckexceptionIgAnephropathyLupussexnephritisallergysexPurpurasexnephritisdiabetesnephropathyurinarytractinfectionkidneysmalltubebetweenqualitysexdiseaseacutekidneyfailurechronickidneyfailurerequirementsatleast30cases3.highrequirements(1)learningdiseasespecies:radicalsexnephritis.(2)language,andteaching,andresearch,capacityofrequirements:abroadaboutliteraturereviewedorreadingreport1article(3)clinicalknowledge,andskillsrequirements:kidneypuncture(six)endocrinemetabolismsection2months(containingendocrinesectionoutpatient2week)1.Rotarypurposemaster:thyroidfunctionhyperthyroidismsyndromeandthyroidfunctiondecreasesyndromeofcauseslearn,andclinicalperformance,andtreatmentandthelaboratoryperformance;diabetesclassification,andcauses,anddiagnosisstandard,andclinical15 integratedlevynephropathyintegratedlevynosymptomsurinecheckexceptionIgAnephropathyLupussexnephritisallergysexPurpurasexnephritisdiabetesnephropathyurinarytractinfectionkidneysmalltubebetweenqualitysexdiseaseacutekidneyfailurechronickidneyfailurerequirementsatleast30cases3.highrequirements(1)learningdiseasespecies:radicalsexnephritis.(2)language,andteaching,andresearch,capacityofrequirements:abroadaboutliteraturereviewedorreadingreport1article(3)clinicalknowledge,andskillsrequirements:kidneypuncture(six)endocrinemetabolismsection2months(containingendocrinesectionoutpatient2week)1.Rotarypurposemaster:thyroidfunctionhyperthyroidismsyndromeandthyroidfunctiondecreasesyndromeofcauseslearn,andclinicalperformance,andtreatmentandthelaboratoryperformance;diabetesclassification,andcauses,anddiagnosisstandard,andclinical15 integratedlevynephropathyintegratedlevynosymptomsurinecheckexceptionIgAnephropathyLupussexnephritisallergysexPurpurasexnephritisdiabetesnephropathyurinarytractinfectionkidneysmalltubebetweenqualitysexdiseaseacutekidneyfailurechronickidneyfailurerequirementsatleast30cases3.highrequirements(1)learningdiseasespecies:radicalsexnephritis.(2)language,andteaching,andresearch,capacityofrequirements:abroadaboutliteraturereviewedorreadingreport1article(3)clinicalknowledge,andskillsrequirements:kidneypuncture(six)endocrinemetabolismsection2months(containingendocrinesectionoutpatient2week)1.Rotarypurposemaster:thyroidfunctionhyperthyroidismsyndromeandthyroidfunctiondecreasesyndromeofcauseslearn,andclinicalperformance,andtreatmentandthelaboratoryperformance;diabetesclassification,andcauses,anddiagnosisstandard,andclinical15'