隧道工程施工安全技术交底

'安全交底交底单位项目部安质部抄送单位工程名称日期一般规定1、隧道施工的各班组间，应建立完善的交接班制度并将施工安全等情况记载于交接班的记录薄内。工地负责人应认真检查交接班记情况。2、进洞前应先做好洞口工程，稳定好洞口的边坡和仰坡，做好天沟、边沟等排水设施，确保地表水不致危机隧道的施工安全。3、所有进洞的人员，必须按规定佩带安全防护用品，遵章守纪，听从指挥。4、遇有不良地质地段施工时，应按先治水、短开挖、弱爆破、先护顶、强支护、早衬砌的原则稳步推进。二、开挖、凿孔及爆破1、开挖人员到达工作地点时，应首先检查工作面是否处于安全状态，并检查支护是否牢固，顶板和两帮是否稳定，如有松动的石、土块或裂缝应先予以清除或支护。2、机械凿岩时，宜采用湿式凿岩机或带有捕尘器的凿岩机。3、风钻钻眼时，应先检查机身、螺栓、卡套、弹簧和支架是否正常完好，管子接头是否牢固，有无漏风；钻杆有无不值，带伤以及钻杆堵塞现象；湿式凿岩机的供水是否正常；干式凿岩机的捕尘设施是否良好。不符合要求者应予修理或更换。meettheconstructiondrawingsprovidedstrengthandworkabilityofconstructionrequirements,mixingratiomustbedeterminedbytest.Constructionwhenyouneedtochangethemixofcementitiousmaterial,retesting,andsubmittedtothesupervisorforapproval.(2)mixingofcementitiousmaterials,shouldbecarriedoutstrictlyaccordingtothetesttodeterminetheingredientsofingredients,notampering,ingredientweighingerrorsshouldbeallowedsubjecttothefollowing:cement±2%;sand,gravelis±3%,water,additives±1%.(3)thecementitiousmaterialinthemixingprocessshouldremainofcoarseandfineaggregatewaterstability,accordingtochangesinmoisturecontentofaggregateandadjustwatertoensuretheaccuracyofthewater/cementratio.(4)mixingtimeofcementitiousmaterials:mechanicalmixingofnotlessthan2~3min,notartificialmix.Localsmallartificialmixtureofdrymixatleastthreetimes,thenwet-mixtouniformcolor,canbeused.(5)withcementitiousmaterialsshouldbemixed.Cementitiousmaterialsallowedintervalshouldbedeterminedthroughexperiments,orrefertothetableselected.Segregationduringtransportandstorage,watermortarandmasonrybeforemixingagain,initialsettingofcementitiousmaterialsshallnotbeused.Cementitiousmaterialsallowbreakswhenlayingtemperature(℃)allowedinterval(min),ordinaryPortlandcementandslagPortlandcement20~~~10195/8.4.5andpozzolanacementmasonrymasonrywithPucastingmethod,theprocessis:masonrypreparation–materialselection→putspulpplacedstone→...8.58.5.1masonrymortarforconstructionofmasonrysandinthesand,andsiftthesandshallnotincludegrass-rootsandotherdebris.Sandclaydoesnotexceed5%.Mixingofmortar350Lmortarmixer.Mixingtime,finishedfeeding,andshallnotbelessthan1.5min,thebatchingprocess,cementbatchingerrorcontrolwithin±5%.Mortarmixusedcementmortarusedintheblendedinto3h,suchasatemperatureofover30°cduringtheconstructionperiod,within2Hoftheblendedintofinished,suchasthephenomenonofcementmortar,mixagaininfrontofthebuilding.8.5.2brickmaterialaccordingtothedesignrequirements,usingprecastconcretehollowbrick,sourcedlocally.Brickgamesontothesite,withthesupervisionandsamplingpersonnelofpartyarandomsampling,compressiontest,qualifiedbeforethemasonry.8.5.3masonry(1)waterwetpriortobrickandmasonry,andmoisturecontrolin10~10%,non-driedbricksonthewall.(2)accordingtotheaxisofthewallsofthebrickwallswherethepop-upandthesideline,bricks,buildthefirstpendulum,fromthemortarjointwidthwhenlaidbrick,payattentiontowindowlocationeffectofmortarjoint.Sevenseparatemasonry 4、带支架的风钻钻眼时，必须将支架安置稳妥。风钻卡钻时应用板钳松动拔出，不可敲打，未关风前不得拆除钻杆。5、电钻钻眼应检查把手胶套的绝缘和防止电缆脱落的装置是否良好，电钻工必须手戴绝缘手套，脚穿绝缘胶鞋，并不得用手导引回转钢钎。不得用电钻处理被夹住的钎子。6、在工作面内不得拆卸、修理风、电钻。7、严禁在残眼中继续钻眼。8、钻孔台车进洞时要有专人指挥，认真检查道路状况和安全界限，其行走速度不得超过25米/分钟，台车在行走或待避时，应将钻架和机具都收拢到放置位置，就位后不得倾斜，并应刹住车轮，放下支柱，放置移动。9、装药与钻孔不宜平行作业。10、爆破器材加工房应设在洞口50米以外的安全地点。严禁在加工房以外的地点改制和加工爆破器材。11、爆破作业和爆破器材加工人员严禁穿化纤衣服。12、进行爆破时，所有人员应撤离现场，其安全距离为200米。13、洞内每天放炮次数应有明确的规定，装药距离放炮时间不得过久。14、装药前，应见检查爆破工作面附近的支护是否牢固；跑眼内的泥浆，石粉应吹洗干净；刚打好的炮眼热度过高；不得立即装药。如果遇有照明不足，发现泥沙、流泥未经妥善处理，或可能有大量溶洞涌水时，严禁装药爆破。meettheconstructiondrawingsprovidedstrengthandworkabilityofconstructionrequirements,mixingratiomustbedeterminedbytest.Constructionwhenyouneedtochangethemixofcementitiousmaterial,retesting,andsubmittedtothesupervisorforapproval.(2)mixingofcementitiousmaterials,shouldbecarriedoutstrictlyaccordingtothetesttodeterminetheingredientsofingredients,notampering,ingredientweighingerrorsshouldbeallowedsubjecttothefollowing:cement±2%;sand,gravelis±3%,water,additives±1%.(3)thecementitiousmaterialinthemixingprocessshouldremainofcoarseandfineaggregatewaterstability,accordingtochangesinmoisturecontentofaggregateandadjustwatertoensuretheaccuracyofthewater/cementratio.(4)mixingtimeofcementitiousmaterials:mechanicalmixingofnotlessthan2~3min,notartificialmix.Localsmallartificialmixtureofdrymixatleastthreetimes,thenwet-mixtouniformcolor,canbeused.(5)withcementitiousmaterialsshouldbemixed.Cementitiousmaterialsallowedintervalshouldbedeterminedthroughexperiments,orrefertothetableselected.Segregationduringtransportandstorage,watermortarandmasonrybeforemixingagain,initialsettingofcementitiousmaterialsshallnotbeused.Cementitiousmaterialsallowbreakswhenlayingtemperature(℃)allowedinterval(min),ordinaryPortlandcementandslagPortlandcement20~~~10195/8.4.5andpozzolanacementmasonrymasonrywithPucastingmethod,theprocessis:masonrypreparation–materialselection→putspulpplacedstone→...8.58.5.1masonrymortarforconstructionofmasonrysandinthesand,andsiftthesandshallnotincludegrass-rootsandotherdebris.Sandclaydoesnotexceed5%.Mixingofmortar350Lmortarmixer.Mixingtime,finishedfeeding,andshallnotbelessthan1.5min,thebatchingprocess,cementbatchingerrorcontrolwithin±5%.Mortarmixusedcementmortarusedintheblendedinto3h,suchasatemperatureofover30°cduringtheconstructionperiod,within2Hoftheblendedintofinished,suchasthephenomenonofcementmortar,mixagaininfrontofthebuilding.8.5.2brickmaterialaccordingtothedesignrequirements,usingprecastconcretehollowbrick,sourcedlocally.Brickgamesontothesite,withthesupervisionandsamplingpersonnelofpartyarandomsampling,compressiontest,qualifiedbeforethemasonry.8.5.3masonry(1)waterwetpriortobrickandmasonry,andmoisturecontrolin10~10%,non-driedbricksonthewall.(2)accordingtotheaxisofthewallsofthebrickwallswherethepop-upandthesideline,bricks,buildthefirstpendulum,fromthemortarjointwidthwhenlaidbrick,payattentiontowindowlocationeffectofmortarjoint.Sevenseparatemasonry 15、洞内爆破不得使用黑火药。16、为防止点炮时，发生照明中断，爆破工应随身携带手电筒，严禁用明火照明。17、火花起爆时严禁明火点炮，其导火索的长度应保证点完导火索后，人员能撤至安全地点，但不得短于1.2米。18、爆破后必须经过15分钟通风排烟后，检查人员方可进入工作面，检查有无“盲炮”及可疑现象，有无参残余炸药或雷管；顶板两帮有无松动；支护有无损坏与变形。在妥善处理并确认无误后，其他工作人员进入工作面。19、当发现“盲炮”时，必须由原爆破人员按规定处理。20、装炮时应使用木质炮棍装药，严禁火种。无关人员与机具等均应撤至安全地点。21、两工作面接近贯通时，两端应加强俩系与同在一指挥。岩石隧道两工作面距离接近15米（软岩为20米），一端装药放炮时，另一端人员撤离至安全地点。三、洞内运输1、各类进洞车辆必须处于完好状态，制动有效，严禁人料混载。2、进洞的各类机械和车辆，宜选用代净化装置的柴油机动力，燃烧汽油的车辆不得进洞。3、所有运载车辆均不准超、超宽、超高运输。运载大体积或超长料具时，应有专人指挥，转车运输，并设置显示界限的红灯。meettheconstructiondrawingsprovidedstrengthandworkabilityofconstructionrequirements,mixingratiomustbedeterminedbytest.Constructionwhenyouneedtochangethemixofcementitiousmaterial,retesting,andsubmittedtothesupervisorforapproval.(2)mixingofcementitiousmaterials,shouldbecarriedoutstrictlyaccordingtothetesttodeterminetheingredientsofingredients,notampering,ingredientweighingerrorsshouldbeallowedsubjecttothefollowing:cement±2%;sand,gravelis±3%,water,additives±1%.(3)thecementitiousmaterialinthemixingprocessshouldremainofcoarseandfineaggregatewaterstability,accordingtochangesinmoisturecontentofaggregateandadjustwatertoensuretheaccuracyofthewater/cementratio.(4)mixingtimeofcementitiousmaterials:mechanicalmixingofnotlessthan2~3min,notartificialmix.Localsmallartificialmixtureofdrymixatleastthreetimes,thenwet-mixtouniformcolor,canbeused.(5)withcementitiousmaterialsshouldbemixed.Cementitiousmaterialsallowedintervalshouldbedeterminedthroughexperiments,orrefertothetableselected.Segregationduringtransportandstorage,watermortarandmasonrybeforemixingagain,initialsettingofcementitiousmaterialsshallnotbeused.Cementitiousmaterialsallowbreakswhenlayingtemperature(℃)allowedinterval(min),ordinaryPortlandcementandslagPortlandcement20~~~10195/8.4.5andpozzolanacementmasonrymasonrywithPucastingmethod,theprocessis:masonrypreparation–materialselection→putspulpplacedstone→...8.58.5.1masonrymortarforconstructionofmasonrysandinthesand,andsiftthesandshallnotincludegrass-rootsandotherdebris.Sandclaydoesnotexceed5%.Mixingofmortar350Lmortarmixer.Mixingtime,finishedfeeding,andshallnotbelessthan1.5min,thebatchingprocess,cementbatchingerrorcontrolwithin±5%.Mortarmixusedcementmortarusedintheblendedinto3h,suchasatemperatureofover30°cduringtheconstructionperiod,within2Hoftheblendedintofinished,suchasthephenomenonofcementmortar,mixagaininfrontofthebuilding.8.5.2brickmaterialaccordingtothedesignrequirements,usingprecastconcretehollowbrick,sourcedlocally.Brickgamesontothesite,withthesupervisionandsamplingpersonnelofpartyarandomsampling,compressiontest,qualifiedbeforethemasonry.8.5.3masonry(1)waterwetpriortobrickandmasonry,andmoisturecontrolin10~10%,non-driedbricksonthewall.(2)accordingtotheaxisofthewallsofthebrickwallswherethepop-upandthesideline,bricks,buildthefirstpendulum,fromthemortarjointwidthwhenlaidbrick,payattentiontowindowlocationeffectofmortarjoint.Sevenseparatemasonry 4、进出隧道的人员应走人行通道，不得与机械或车辆抢道，严禁扒车、追车或强行搭车。5、机械装渣时，坑道断面应能满足装载机的安全运转，装渣机上的电缆或高压胶管应有专人收放，装渣机操作时回装范围内不得有人通过。6、洞内运输的车速不得超过:人力车5km/h；机动车在施工作业地段单车10km/h，有牵引力及会车时5km/h；机动车在非作业地段单车20km/h，有牵引车时15km/h，会车时10km/h.7、车辆行驶中严禁超车。8、在洞口、平交道口及施工狭窄地段应设置“缓行”标志，必要时应设专人指挥交通。9、凡停放在接近车辆运行界限的施工设备与机械，应在其外缘设置低压红色闪光灯，组成显示界限，以防运输车辆碰撞。10、在洞内倒车与转向时，必须开灯鸣号或有专人指挥。11、洞外卸渣场地段应保持一段的伤坡段，并在堆渣边缘内0.8米处设置挡木。12、路面应有一定的平整度，并设专人养护。13、洞内车辆相遇或有行人通行时，应关闭大灯，改用近光灯或小灯光。14、在任何情况下，雷管与炸药必须放置在带盖的容器内分别运送。人力运送时雷管与炸药不得有一人同时运送；汽车运输时，雷管和炸药必须分别装在二两车内运送，其间距应相隔50米以上。meettheconstructiondrawingsprovidedstrengthandworkabilityofconstructionrequirements,mixingratiomustbedeterminedbytest.Constructionwhenyouneedtochangethemixofcementitiousmaterial,retesting,andsubmittedtothesupervisorforapproval.(2)mixingofcementitiousmaterials,shouldbecarriedoutstrictlyaccordingtothetesttodeterminetheingredientsofingredients,notampering,ingredientweighingerrorsshouldbeallowedsubjecttothefollowing:cement±2%;sand,gravelis±3%,water,additives±1%.(3)thecementitiousmaterialinthemixingprocessshouldremainofcoarseandfineaggregatewaterstability,accordingtochangesinmoisturecontentofaggregateandadjustwatertoensuretheaccuracyofthewater/cementratio.(4)mixingtimeofcementitiousmaterials:mechanicalmixingofnotlessthan2~3min,notartificialmix.Localsmallartificialmixtureofdrymixatleastthreetimes,thenwet-mixtouniformcolor,canbeused.(5)withcementitiousmaterialsshouldbemixed.Cementitiousmaterialsallowedintervalshouldbedeterminedthroughexperiments,orrefertothetableselected.Segregationduringtransportandstorage,watermortarandmasonrybeforemixingagain,initialsettingofcementitiousmaterialsshallnotbeused.Cementitiousmaterialsallowbreakswhenlayingtemperature(℃)allowedinterval(min),ordinaryPortlandcementandslagPortlandcement20~~~10195/8.4.5andpozzolanacementmasonrymasonrywithPucastingmethod,theprocessis:masonrypreparation–materialselection→putspulpplacedstone→...8.58.5.1masonrymortarforconstructionofmasonrysandinthesand,andsiftthesandshallnotincludegrass-rootsandotherdebris.Sandclaydoesnotexceed5%.Mixingofmortar350Lmortarmixer.Mixingtime,finishedfeeding,andshallnotbelessthan1.5min,thebatchingprocess,cementbatchingerrorcontrolwithin±5%.Mortarmixusedcementmortarusedintheblendedinto3h,suchasatemperatureofover30°cduringtheconstructionperiod,within2Hoftheblendedintofinished,suchasthephenomenonofcementmortar,mixagaininfrontofthebuilding.8.5.2brickmaterialaccordingtothedesignrequirements,usingprecastconcretehollowbrick,sourcedlocally.Brickgamesontothesite,withthesupervisionandsamplingpersonnelofpartyarandomsampling,compressiontest,qualifiedbeforethemasonry.8.5.3masonry(1)waterwetpriortobrickandmasonry,andmoisturecontrolin10~10%,non-driedbricksonthewall.(2)accordingtotheaxisofthewallsofthebrickwallswherethepop-upandthesideline,bricks,buildthefirstpendulum,fromthemortarjointwidthwhenlaidbrick,payattentiontowindowlocationeffectofmortarjoint.Sevenseparatemasonry 15、人力运送爆破器材时必须有专人护送，并应直接送到工地，不得中途停留，一人一次运送炸药数量不得超过20kg或原包装一箱。16、汽车运送爆破器材时，汽车排气口应加装防火罩，运行途中显示红灯。器材必须有爆破工专人护送，其他人员严禁搭乘。爆破器材的装载高度不得超过车厢边缘，雷管或硝化甘油类炸药的装载不得超过两层。17、严禁用翻斗车、自卸汽车、拖车、拖拉机、机动三轮车、人力三轮车、自行车、摩托车等运送爆破器材。四、支护1、根据围岩情况和施工方法，采取有效的支护。2、施工期间，现场施工负责人应会同有关人员对支护各部定期进行检查。在不良地质地段每班应设专人随时检查，当发现支护变形或损坏时，应立即整修和加固，当变形或损坏情况严重时，应先将施工人员撤离现场，再行加固。3、洞口地段的支护宜向洞外多架5—8米明厢，并在其顶部压土以稳定支撑，待洞口建筑全部完工后方可拆除。4、洞内支护，应随挖随支护，支护至开挖面的距离一般不得超过4米，如遇石质破碎、风化严重和土质隧道时，应尽量缩小支护工作面。当短期停工时，应将支撑直抵工作面。5、不得将支撑立柱置于废渣或活动的石头上。软弱围岩地段的立柱应加设垫板或垫梁，并加木楔塞紧。meettheconstructiondrawingsprovidedstrengthandworkabilityofconstructionrequirements,mixingratiomustbedeterminedbytest.Constructionwhenyouneedtochangethemixofcementitiousmaterial,retesting,andsubmittedtothesupervisorforapproval.(2)mixingofcementitiousmaterials,shouldbecarriedoutstrictlyaccordingtothetesttodeterminetheingredientsofingredients,notampering,ingredientweighingerrorsshouldbeallowedsubjecttothefollowing:cement±2%;sand,gravelis±3%,water,additives±1%.(3)thecementitiousmaterialinthemixingprocessshouldremainofcoarseandfineaggregatewaterstability,accordingtochangesinmoisturecontentofaggregateandadjustwatertoensuretheaccuracyofthewater/cementratio.(4)mixingtimeofcementitiousmaterials:mechanicalmixingofnotlessthan2~3min,notartificialmix.Localsmallartificialmixtureofdrymixatleastthreetimes,thenwet-mixtouniformcolor,canbeused.(5)withcementitiousmaterialsshouldbemixed.Cementitiousmaterialsallowedintervalshouldbedeterminedthroughexperiments,orrefertothetableselected.Segregationduringtransportandstorage,watermortarandmasonrybeforemixingagain,initialsettingofcementitiousmaterialsshallnotbeused.Cementitiousmaterialsallowbreakswhenlayingtemperature(℃)allowedinterval(min),ordinaryPortlandcementandslagPortlandcement20~~~10195/8.4.5andpozzolanacementmasonrymasonrywithPucastingmethod,theprocessis:masonrypreparation–materialselection→putspulpplacedstone→...8.58.5.1masonrymortarforconstructionofmasonrysandinthesand,andsiftthesandshallnotincludegrass-rootsandotherdebris.Sandclaydoesnotexceed5%.Mixingofmortar350Lmortarmixer.Mixingtime,finishedfeeding,andshallnotbelessthan1.5min,thebatchingprocess,cementbatchingerrorcontrolwithin±5%.Mortarmixusedcementmortarusedintheblendedinto3h,suchasatemperatureofover30°cduringtheconstructionperiod,within2Hoftheblendedintofinished,suchasthephenomenonofcementmortar,mixagaininfrontofthebuilding.8.5.2brickmaterialaccordingtothedesignrequirements,usingprecastconcretehollowbrick,sourcedlocally.Brickgamesontothesite,withthesupervisionandsamplingpersonnelofpartyarandomsampling,compressiontest,qualifiedbeforethemasonry.8.5.3masonry(1)waterwetpriortobrickandmasonry,andmoisturecontrolin10~10%,non-driedbricksonthewall.(2)accordingtotheaxisofthewallsofthebrickwallswherethepop-upandthesideline,bricks,buildthefirstpendulum,fromthemortarjointwidthwhenlaidbrick,payattentiontowindowlocationeffectofmortarjoint.Sevenseparatemasonry 6、采用木支撑时应选用松、柏、杉等坚硬且富有弹性的木材，其梁、柱的梢径不得小于20公分，跨度大于4米时不得小于25公分其他连接杆梢径不得小于15公分，木板厚度不得小于5公分。木支撑宜采用简单，直立。宜于拆、立的框架结构，并应保证坑道的运输净空。7、钢支架安装，宜选用小型机具进行吊装，并应遵守本规程的起重吊装规定。8、喷锚支护时，危石应清除，脚手架应牢固可靠，喷射手应该佩戴防护用品，机械各部位完好无损，眼里应保持在0.2MPa左右，注浆管喷嘴严禁对人放置。9、当发现已喷锚区段的围岩有较大的变形或锚杆失效时，应立即在该区段增设加强锚杆，其长度应不小于原锚杆长度的1.5倍。如喷锚后发现围岩突变或围岩变形量超过设计值时，宜用钢支架支护。10、当发现测量数据有不正常变化或突变，洞内或地表位移值大于允许位移值，洞内或地面出现裂缝以及喷层出现异常裂缝时，均视为危险信号，必须立即通知作业人员撤离现场，待制定处理措施后才能继续施工。五、衬砌1、随着隧道各部开挖工作的推进，应及时进行衬砌或压浆，特别是洞门建筑的衬砌必须尽早施工，地质不良地段的洞口必须首先完成。2、衬砌使用的脚手架、工作平台、跳板、梯子等应安装牢固，不得有露头的钉子和突出的尖角。靠近通道的一侧应有足够的净空，以保证车辆、行人的安全通过。meettheconstructiondrawingsprovidedstrengthandworkabilityofconstructionrequirements,mixingratiomustbedeterminedbytest.Constructionwhenyouneedtochangethemixofcementitiousmaterial,retesting,andsubmittedtothesupervisorforapproval.(2)mixingofcementitiousmaterials,shouldbecarriedoutstrictlyaccordingtothetesttodeterminetheingredientsofingredients,notampering,ingredientweighingerrorsshouldbeallowedsubjecttothefollowing:cement±2%;sand,gravelis±3%,water,additives±1%.(3)thecementitiousmaterialinthemixingprocessshouldremainofcoarseandfineaggregatewaterstability,accordingtochangesinmoisturecontentofaggregateandadjustwatertoensuretheaccuracyofthewater/cementratio.(4)mixingtimeofcementitiousmaterials:mechanicalmixingofnotlessthan2~3min,notartificialmix.Localsmallartificialmixtureofdrymixatleastthreetimes,thenwet-mixtouniformcolor,canbeused.(5)withcementitiousmaterialsshouldbemixed.Cementitiousmaterialsallowedintervalshouldbedeterminedthroughexperiments,orrefertothetableselected.Segregationduringtransportandstorage,watermortarandmasonrybeforemixingagain,initialsettingofcementitiousmaterialsshallnotbeused.Cementitiousmaterialsallowbreakswhenlayingtemperature(℃)allowedinterval(min),ordinaryPortlandcementandslagPortlandcement20~~~10195/8.4.5andpozzolanacementmasonrymasonrywithPucastingmethod,theprocessis:masonrypreparation–materialselection→putspulpplacedstone→...8.58.5.1masonrymortarforconstructionofmasonrysandinthesand,andsiftthesandshallnotincludegrass-rootsandotherdebris.Sandclaydoesnotexceed5%.Mixingofmortar350Lmortarmixer.Mixingtime,finishedfeeding,andshallnotbelessthan1.5min,thebatchingprocess,cementbatchingerrorcontrolwithin±5%.Mortarmixusedcementmortarusedintheblendedinto3h,suchasatemperatureofover30°cduringtheconstructionperiod,within2Hoftheblendedintofinished,suchasthephenomenonofcementmortar,mixagaininfrontofthebuilding.8.5.2brickmaterialaccordingtothedesignrequirements,usingprecastconcretehollowbrick,sourcedlocally.Brickgamesontothesite,withthesupervisionandsamplingpersonnelofpartyarandomsampling,compressiontest,qualifiedbeforethemasonry.8.5.3masonry(1)waterwetpriortobrickandmasonry,andmoisturecontrolin10~10%,non-driedbricksonthewall.(2)accordingtotheaxisofthewallsofthebrickwallswherethepop-upandthesideline,bricks,buildthefirstpendulum,fromthemortarjointwidthwhenlaidbrick,payattentiontowindowlocationeffectofmortarjoint.Sevenseparatemasonry 3、脚手架及工作平台上的铺板，应钉铺结实。木板之端头，必须搭于支点上。高于2米的工作平台上应设置不低于1米的栏杆。跳板应设防滑条。4、脚手架及工作平台上所站人数及堆置的建筑材料，不得超过其计算载重量。5、在洞内作业地段倾卸材料时，人员和车辆不得穿行。6、机械转动部分应设置防护罩，电动机必须有接地装置，移动或修理机器及管线时，应先停电，并切断电源、风源。7、安装、拆除模板、拱架时，工作地段应有专人监护。拆下的模板不得堆放在通道上。8、拆除灌注砼模板内支撑时，应随拆随灌。当岩层破碎、压力过大地段的支撑不能拆出时，拱圈部分应用预制砼立柱代替木杆予以拆换。9、压浆机在使用前应进行检查并试运转，管路联接要完好，压力要正常，操纵压浆嘴人员应佩戴护目镜及胶皮手套。喷嘴应用支架支撑牢固，压浆时掌握喷嘴的人员必须注意喷嘴的脱落，并设法躲避；拔取时必须在撤除压力后进行；检修和清洗时，应在停止运转、切断电路、关闭风门后，方准进行。10、采用模板台车进行全断面衬砌时，台车距开挖面的距离不得小于260米，台车下的净空应能保证运输车辆的顺利通过。砼灌注时，必须两侧对称进行。台车上不得堆放料具，工作台应满铺底板，并设安全栏杆。拆除砼输送软管时，必须停止砼泵的运转。meettheconstructiondrawingsprovidedstrengthandworkabilityofconstructionrequirements,mixingratiomustbedeterminedbytest.Constructionwhenyouneedtochangethemixofcementitiousmaterial,retesting,andsubmittedtothesupervisorforapproval.(2)mixingofcementitiousmaterials,shouldbecarriedoutstrictlyaccordingtothetesttodeterminetheingredientsofingredients,notampering,ingredientweighingerrorsshouldbeallowedsubjecttothefollowing:cement±2%;sand,gravelis±3%,water,additives±1%.(3)thecementitiousmaterialinthemixingprocessshouldremainofcoarseandfineaggregatewaterstability,accordingtochangesinmoisturecontentofaggregateandadjustwatertoensuretheaccuracyofthewater/cementratio.(4)mixingtimeofcementitiousmaterials:mechanicalmixingofnotlessthan2~3min,notartificialmix.Localsmallartificialmixtureofdrymixatleastthreetimes,thenwet-mixtouniformcolor,canbeused.(5)withcementitiousmaterialsshouldbemixed.Cementitiousmaterialsallowedintervalshouldbedeterminedthroughexperiments,orrefertothetableselected.Segregationduringtransportandstorage,watermortarandmasonrybeforemixingagain,initialsettingofcementitiousmaterialsshallnotbeused.Cementitiousmaterialsallowbreakswhenlayingtemperature(℃)allowedinterval(min),ordinaryPortlandcementandslagPortlandcement20~~~10195/8.4.5andpozzolanacementmasonrymasonrywithPucastingmethod,theprocessis:masonrypreparation–materialselection→putspulpplacedstone→...8.58.5.1masonrymortarforconstructionofmasonrysandinthesand,andsiftthesandshallnotincludegrass-rootsandotherdebris.Sandclaydoesnotexceed5%.Mixingofmortar350Lmortarmixer.Mixingtime,finishedfeeding,andshallnotbelessthan1.5min,thebatchingprocess,cementbatchingerrorcontrolwithin±5%.Mortarmixusedcementmortarusedintheblendedinto3h,suchasatemperatureofover30°cduringtheconstructionperiod,within2Hoftheblendedintofinished,suchasthephenomenonofcementmortar,mixagaininfrontofthebuilding.8.5.2brickmaterialaccordingtothedesignrequirements,usingprecastconcretehollowbrick,sourcedlocally.Brickgamesontothesite,withthesupervisionandsamplingpersonnelofpartyarandomsampling,compressiontest,qualifiedbeforethemasonry.8.5.3masonry(1)waterwetpriortobrickandmasonry,andmoisturecontrolin10~10%,non-driedbricksonthewall.(2)accordingtotheaxisofthewallsofthebrickwallswherethepop-upandthesideline,bricks,buildthefirstpendulum,fromthemortarjointwidthwhenlaidbrick,payattentiontowindowlocationeffectofmortarjoint.Sevenseparatemasonry 11、严禁在洞内熬制沥青。六、通风及防尘1、粉尘的允许浓度：每立方空气中，含有10%以上游离二氧化硅的粉尘必须在2毫克一下。2、氧气不得低于20%（按体积计，下同）3、瓦斯（沼气）或二氧化碳不超过0.5%。4、一氧化碳浓度不得超过30毫克/立方。5、隧道内的气温不宜超过28度7、隧道内的空气成分每月应至少取样分析一次，风速含尘量每月至少检测一次。8、隧道施工时的通风，应设专人管理。应保证每人每分钟供给新鲜空气1.5~3.0立方。9、无论通风机运转与否，严禁人员在风管的进出口附近停留，通风机停止运转时任何人员不得靠近软管行走和在软管旁停留，不得将任何物品放在通风管或管口上。10、施工时应采用湿式凿岩机钻孔，用水炮泥进行水封爆破以及湿喷机喷射砼等有利于减少粉尘浓度的施工工艺。11、在凿岩和装渣工作面上应做好下列防尘工作：放炮前后应进行喷雾或洒水；出渣前应用水淋透渣堆和喷湿岩壁；在吹入式的出风口，宜放置喷雾器。meettheconstructiondrawingsprovidedstrengthandworkabilityofconstructionrequirements,mixingratiomustbedeterminedbytest.Constructionwhenyouneedtochangethemixofcementitiousmaterial,retesting,andsubmittedtothesupervisorforapproval.(2)mixingofcementitiousmaterials,shouldbecarriedoutstrictlyaccordingtothetesttodeterminetheingredientsofingredients,notampering,ingredientweighingerrorsshouldbeallowedsubjecttothefollowing:cement±2%;sand,gravelis±3%,water,additives±1%.(3)thecementitiousmaterialinthemixingprocessshouldremainofcoarseandfineaggregatewaterstability,accordingtochangesinmoisturecontentofaggregateandadjustwatertoensuretheaccuracyofthewater/cementratio.(4)mixingtimeofcementitiousmaterials:mechanicalmixingofnotlessthan2~3min,notartificialmix.Localsmallartificialmixtureofdrymixatleastthreetimes,thenwet-mixtouniformcolor,canbeused.(5)withcementitiousmaterialsshouldbemixed.Cementitiousmaterialsallowedintervalshouldbedeterminedthroughexperiments,orrefertothetableselected.Segregationduringtransportandstorage,watermortarandmasonrybeforemixingagain,initialsettingofcementitiousmaterialsshallnotbeused.Cementitiousmaterialsallowbreakswhenlayingtemperature(℃)allowedinterval(min),ordinaryPortlandcementandslagPortlandcement20~~~10195/8.4.5andpozzolanacementmasonrymasonrywithPucastingmethod,theprocessis:masonrypreparation–materialselection→putspulpplacedstone→...8.58.5.1masonrymortarforconstructionofmasonrysandinthesand,andsiftthesandshallnotincludegrass-rootsandotherdebris.Sandclaydoesnotexceed5%.Mixingofmortar350Lmortarmixer.Mixingtime,finishedfeeding,andshallnotbelessthan1.5min,thebatchingprocess,cementbatchingerrorcontrolwithin±5%.Mortarmixusedcementmortarusedintheblendedinto3h,suchasatemperatureofover30°cduringtheconstructionperiod,within2Hoftheblendedintofinished,suchasthephenomenonofcementmortar,mixagaininfrontofthebuilding.8.5.2brickmaterialaccordingtothedesignrequirements,usingprecastconcretehollowbrick,sourcedlocally.Brickgamesontothesite,withthesupervisionandsamplingpersonnelofpartyarandomsampling,compressiontest,qualifiedbeforethemasonry.8.5.3masonry(1)waterwetpriortobrickandmasonry,andmoisturecontrolin10~10%,non-driedbricksonthewall.(2)accordingtotheaxisofthewallsofthebrickwallswherethepop-upandthesideline,bricks,buildthefirstpendulum,fromthemortarjointwidthwhenlaidbrick,payattentiontowindowlocationeffectofmortarjoint.Sevenseparatemasonry 12、防尘用水的固体质含量不超过50mg/L，大肠杆菌不得超过3个/L。水池应保持清洁，并有沉淀或过滤设施。七、照明、排水及防火1、隧道内的灯光应保证亮度充足、均匀及不闪烁，应根据开挖断面的大小、施工工作面的位置选用不同的高度。2、隧道内用电线路、均使用防潮绝缘导线，并按规定的高度用瓷瓶悬挂牢固。不得将电线挂在铁定和其他铁件上，或混扎在一起。开关外应加木箱盖，采用封闭式保险盒。如使用电缆亦应牢固地悬挂在高处，不得放在地上。3、隧道内各部的照明电压应为:开挖、支撑及衬砌作业地段为12~36v成洞地段为110~220v手提作业灯为12~36v4、隧道内的用电线路和照明设备必须设专人负责检修管理，检修电路与照明设备时应切断电源。5、在潮湿及漏水的隧道中的电灯应使用防水灯口。6、在有地下水排出的隧道，必须挖凿排水沟，当下坡开挖时应根据涌水量的大小，设置大于20%涌水量的抽水机具予以排出。抽水机械的安装地点应在导坑的一侧或另开偏洞安装，并用栅栏与隧道隔离。7、抽水设备宜选用电力机械，不得在隧道内使用内燃抽水机。抽水机应有一定的备用台数。meettheconstructiondrawingsprovidedstrengthandworkabilityofconstructionrequirements,mixingratiomustbedeterminedbytest.Constructionwhenyouneedtochangethemixofcementitiousmaterial,retesting,andsubmittedtothesupervisorforapproval.(2)mixingofcementitiousmaterials,shouldbecarriedoutstrictlyaccordingtothetesttodeterminetheingredientsofingredients,notampering,ingredientweighingerrorsshouldbeallowedsubjecttothefollowing:cement±2%;sand,gravelis±3%,water,additives±1%.(3)thecementitiousmaterialinthemixingprocessshouldremainofcoarseandfineaggregatewaterstability,accordingtochangesinmoisturecontentofaggregateandadjustwatertoensuretheaccuracyofthewater/cementratio.(4)mixingtimeofcementitiousmaterials:mechanicalmixingofnotlessthan2~3min,notartificialmix.Localsmallartificialmixtureofdrymixatleastthreetimes,thenwet-mixtouniformcolor,canbeused.(5)withcementitiousmaterialsshouldbemixed.Cementitiousmaterialsallowedintervalshouldbedeterminedthroughexperiments,orrefertothetableselected.Segregationduringtransportandstorage,watermortarandmasonrybeforemixingagain,initialsettingofcementitiousmaterialsshallnotbeused.Cementitiousmaterialsallowbreakswhenlayingtemperature(℃)allowedinterval(min),ordinaryPortlandcementandslagPortlandcement20~~~10195/8.4.5andpozzolanacementmasonrymasonrywithPucastingmethod,theprocessis:masonrypreparation–materialselection→putspulpplacedstone→...8.58.5.1masonrymortarforconstructionofmasonrysandinthesand,andsiftthesandshallnotincludegrass-rootsandotherdebris.Sandclaydoesnotexceed5%.Mixingofmortar350Lmortarmixer.Mixingtime,finishedfeeding,andshallnotbelessthan1.5min,thebatchingprocess,cementbatchingerrorcontrolwithin±5%.Mortarmixusedcementmortarusedintheblendedinto3h,suchasatemperatureofover30°cduringtheconstructionperiod,within2Hoftheblendedintofinished,suchasthephenomenonofcementmortar,mixagaininfrontofthebuilding.8.5.2brickmaterialaccordingtothedesignrequirements,usingprecastconcretehollowbrick,sourcedlocally.Brickgamesontothesite,withthesupervisionandsamplingpersonnelofpartyarandomsampling,compressiontest,qualifiedbeforethemasonry.8.5.3masonry(1)waterwetpriortobrickandmasonry,andmoisturecontrolin10~10%,non-driedbricksonthewall.(2)accordingtotheaxisofthewallsofthebrickwallswherethepop-upandthesideline,bricks,buildthefirstpendulum,fromthemortarjointwidthwhenlaidbrick,payattentiontowindowlocationeffectofmortarjoint.Sevenseparatemasonry 8、隧道开挖中如预计要穿过涌水地层，宜采用超前钻孔探水，查清含水层的厚度、岩性、水量、水压等，为防治涌水提供依据。9、如发现工作面有大量用水时，应立即令工人停止工作，撤至安全地点。10、各洞、井口施工区，洞内机电硐室、料库、皮带运输机等处设置有效而数量充足的消防器材，并设明显的标志，定期检查、补充和更换，不得挪作他用。11、洞口20米范围内的杂草必须清楚。火源距离洞口至少30米以外。库房20米范围内严禁烟火。洞内严禁明火作业和取暖。12、洞内及各硐室不得存在存放汽油、煤油、变压器油和其他易燃易爆物品。清洗风动工具应在专用硐室内，并设置外开的防火门。meettheconstructiondrawingsprovidedstrengthandworkabilityofconstructionrequirements,mixingratiomustbedeterminedbytest.Constructionwhenyouneedtochangethemixofcementitiousmaterial,retesting,andsubmittedtothesupervisorforapproval.(2)mixingofcementitiousmaterials,shouldbecarriedoutstrictlyaccordingtothetesttodeterminetheingredientsofingredients,notampering,ingredientweighingerrorsshouldbeallowedsubjecttothefollowing:cement±2%;sand,gravelis±3%,water,additives±1%.(3)thecementitiousmaterialinthemixingprocessshouldremainofcoarseandfineaggregatewaterstability,accordingtochangesinmoisturecontentofaggregateandadjustwatertoensuretheaccuracyofthewater/cementratio.(4)mixingtimeofcementitiousmaterials:mechanicalmixingofnotlessthan2~3min,notartificialmix.Localsmallartificialmixtureofdrymixatleastthreetimes,thenwet-mixtouniformcolor,canbeused.(5)withcementitiousmaterialsshouldbemixed.Cementitiousmaterialsallowedintervalshouldbedeterminedthroughexperiments,orrefertothetableselected.Segregationduringtransportandstorage,watermortarandmasonrybeforemixingagain,initialsettingofcementitiousmaterialsshallnotbeused.Cementitiousmaterialsallowbreakswhenlayingtemperature(℃)allowedinterval(min),ordinaryPortlandcementandslagPortlandcement20~~~10195/8.4.5andpozzolanacementmasonrymasonrywithPucastingmethod,theprocessis:masonrypreparation–materialselection→putspulpplacedstone→...8.58.5.1masonrymortarforconstructionofmasonrysandinthesand,andsiftthesandshallnotincludegrass-rootsandotherdebris.Sandclaydoesnotexceed5%.Mixingofmortar350Lmortarmixer.Mixingtime,finishedfeeding,andshallnotbelessthan1.5min,thebatchingprocess,cementbatchingerrorcontrolwithin±5%.Mortarmixusedcementmortarusedintheblendedinto3h,suchasatemperatureofover30°cduringtheconstructionperiod,within2Hoftheblendedintofinished,suchasthephenomenonofcementmortar,mixagaininfrontofthebuilding.8.5.2brickmaterialaccordingtothedesignrequirements,usingprecastconcretehollowbrick,sourcedlocally.Brickgamesontothesite,withthesupervisionandsamplingpersonnelofpartyarandomsampling,compressiontest,qualifiedbeforethemasonry.8.5.3masonry(1)waterwetpriortobrickandmasonry,andmoisturecontrolin10~10%,non-driedbricksonthewall.(2)accordingtotheaxisofthewallsofthebrickwallswherethepop-upandthesideline,bricks,buildthefirstpendulum,fromthemortarjointwidthwhenlaidbrick,payattentiontowindowlocationeffectofmortarjoint.Sevenseparatemasonry 编制者:签收人:meettheconstructiondrawingsprovidedstrengthandworkabilityofconstructionrequirements,mixingratiomustbedeterminedbytest.Constructionwhenyouneedtochangethemixofcementitiousmaterial,retesting,andsubmittedtothesupervisorforapproval.(2)mixingofcementitiousmaterials,shouldbecarriedoutstrictlyaccordingtothetesttodeterminetheingredientsofingredients,notampering,ingredientweighingerrorsshouldbeallowedsubjecttothefollowing:cement±2%;sand,gravelis±3%,water,additives±1%.(3)thecementitiousmaterialinthemixingprocessshouldremainofcoarseandfineaggregatewaterstability,accordingtochangesinmoisturecontentofaggregateandadjustwatertoensuretheaccuracyofthewater/cementratio.(4)mixingtimeofcementitiousmaterials:mechanicalmixingofnotlessthan2~3min,notartificialmix.Localsmallartificialmixtureofdrymixatleastthreetimes,thenwet-mixtouniformcolor,canbeused.(5)withcementitiousmaterialsshouldbemixed.Cementitiousmaterialsallowedintervalshouldbedeterminedthroughexperiments,orrefertothetableselected.Segregationduringtransportandstorage,watermortarandmasonrybeforemixingagain,initialsettingofcementitiousmaterialsshallnotbeused.Cementitiousmaterialsallowbreakswhenlayingtemperature(℃)allowedinterval(min),ordinaryPortlandcementandslagPortlandcement20~~~10195/8.4.5andpozzolanacementmasonrymasonrywithPucastingmethod,theprocessis:masonrypreparation–materialselection→putspulpplacedstone→...8.58.5.1masonrymortarforconstructionofmasonrysandinthesand,andsiftthesandshallnotincludegrass-rootsandotherdebris.Sandclaydoesnotexceed5%.Mixingofmortar350Lmortarmixer.Mixingtime,finishedfeeding,andshallnotbelessthan1.5min,thebatchingprocess,cementbatchingerrorcontrolwithin±5%.Mortarmixusedcementmortarusedintheblendedinto3h,suchasatemperatureofover30°cduringtheconstructionperiod,within2Hoftheblendedintofinished,suchasthephenomenonofcementmortar,mixagaininfrontofthebuilding.8.5.2brickmaterialaccordingtothedesignrequirements,usingprecastconcretehollowbrick,sourcedlocally.Brickgamesontothesite,withthesupervisionandsamplingpersonnelofpartyarandomsampling,compressiontest,qualifiedbeforethemasonry.8.5.3masonry(1)waterwetpriortobrickandmasonry,andmoisturecontrolin10~10%,non-driedbricksonthewall.(2)accordingtotheaxisofthewallsofthebrickwallswherethepop-upandthesideline,bricks,buildthefirstpendulum,fromthemortarjointwidthwhenlaidbrick,payattentiontowindowlocationeffectofmortarjoint.Sevenseparatemasonry'