隧道工程伴行道路施工技术交底（含详细流程图）

'中铁隧道集团二处有限公司第二级技术交底：施工技术交底书标段名称：第二合同项工程名称：灰竹林隧道分部：二分部编号：ZMS-2—06-工程名称灰竹林隧道交底日期2011年10月18日交底名称伴行道路施工技术交底1目的明确伴行路作业的工艺流程、操作要点和相应的工艺标准，指导、规范伴行路施工，保证隧道伴行路作业安全、保证伴行路施作质量，严格控制水土流失，保护环境达到国家环保标准。2编制依据（1）中缅天然气管道工程（国内段）隧道工程EPC总承包招标文件（2）中缅天然气管道工程（国内段）隧道工程第二EPC合同项总承包投标文件（3）中缅天然气管道工程（国内段）隧道工程EPC总承包第二合同项初步设计图纸及技术文件。（4）中缅天然气管道工程（国内段）隧道工程EPC总承包第二合同项伴行路施工图。（5）现场调查的资料及联合体设计人员、施工作业队伍、技术装备能力及施工实践经验。（6）国家、中石油、铁道部、交通部现行设计规范、施工规范、验收标准、定额及安全技术规程。1）《混凝土结构设计规范》GB50010-20022）《砌体结构设计规范》GB50003-20013）《建筑抗震设计规范》（2008年版）GB50011-20014）《建筑工程抗震设防分类标准》GB50223-20085）《岩土工程勘察规范》GB50021-20016）《钢结构工程施工质量验收规范》GB50205-20017）《建筑边坡工程技术规范》　　　　　GB50330-20028）《公路排水设计规范》JTJ0189）《公路勘测细则》JTG/TC10relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,neurosurgery,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingNeurology,Gastroenterology,cardiology)2months,pathology2months.UltrasoundImaging:RadiologyWeb5months(CT,MRI-oriented,takingintoaccounttheInterventionalRadiology,CT2.5months,interventionalradiology,0.5month,MRI2months).Nuclearimagerotationfor2months.Relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotation5months:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,obstetricsandGynecology,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingdigestivetractinternalmedicine,Endocrinologyandmetabolism,cardiology)2months,DepartmentofPathology1month.NuclearImaging:Radiologydiagnosis4months,ultrasonography2monthsrelevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgery2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingOncology,cardiology)3months,DepartmentofPathology1month.Thethirdstage(25thto36thmonths):accordingtothespecialisttraineeswillengageinRadiology(includinggeneralradiology,CT,MRI,interventional),ultrasonicimaging,imagerotation,respectively.Radiologymajors:General2monthsofradiation,CT4months,MRI4month,in2months.UltrasoundImaging:digestive,Urologicalultrasound4months;obstetricultrasound3months,cardiac 中铁隧道集团二处有限公司10）《公路涵洞设计细则》JTG/TD6511）《公路环境保护设计规范》JTJ/T00612)《公路工程预算定额》JTG-T-B06-02-200713）《公路工程基本建设项目概算预算编制办法及各省补充规定汇编》（7）本工程所涉及的国家和地方有关政策和法规，特别是环境保护、水土保持方面的政策和法规。1)《中华人民共和国劳动法》2)《中华人民共和国环境保护法》3)《中华人民共和国水土保持法》4)《中华人民共和国森林法》5)《中华人民共和国草原法》6)《中华人民共和国消防法》7)《中华人民共和国安全生产法》8)《中华人民共和国民用爆炸物品管理条例》9)《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法实施条例》10)《陆生野生动物保护实施条例》11）《建筑安全卫生公约》12)《劳动保护用品配备标准》（试行）13）《职业健康监护管理办法》3适用范围适用于中缅油气管道隧道工程EPC二标区段内伴行路施工。4伴行路设计参数（1）伴行道路参照单车道四级路标准设计。伴行道路的主要技术参数见下表。项目单位本项目采用技术指标四级路技术指标公路等级四级公路计算行车速度km/h10～1520路基宽度m4.54.5或6.5行车道宽度m3.53或3.5土路肩宽度m2×0.52×0.5或2×0.25路基设计标高位置公路中心线公路中心线relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,neurosurgery,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingNeurology,Gastroenterology,cardiology)2months,pathology2months.UltrasoundImaging:RadiologyWeb5months(CT,MRI-oriented,takingintoaccounttheInterventionalRadiology,CT2.5months,interventionalradiology,0.5month,MRI2months).Nuclearimagerotationfor2months.Relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotation5months:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,obstetricsandGynecology,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingdigestivetractinternalmedicine,Endocrinologyandmetabolism,cardiology)2months,DepartmentofPathology1month.NuclearImaging:Radiologydiagnosis4months,ultrasonography2monthsrelevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgery2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingOncology,cardiology)3months,DepartmentofPathology1month.Thethirdstage(25thto36thmonths):accordingtothespecialisttraineeswillengageinRadiology(includinggeneralradiology,CT,MRI,interventional),ultrasonicimaging,imagerotation,respectively.Radiologymajors:General2monthsofradiation,CT4months,MRI4month,in2months.UltrasoundImaging:digestive,Urologicalultrasound4months;obstetricultrasound3months,cardiac 中铁隧道集团二处有限公司错车道路基宽度m6.56.5错车道有效长度m2020错车道大致间距m300～600300不设加宽的最小平曲线半径m250250平曲线一般最小半径m1830平曲线极限最小半径m1215平曲线最小长度m1540超高加宽缓和段最小长度m1020回头曲线最小半径m1020回头曲线超高加宽缓段长度m1020回头曲线最大纵坡%5.5（特殊路段12）4.5最大纵坡%12（特殊路段18）10最小坡长m5060竖曲线一般最小半径（凸型）m100200竖曲线极限最小半径（凸型）m100100竖曲线一般最小半径（凹型）m100200竖曲线极限最小半径（凹型）m100100竖曲线最小长度m1520路拱坡度%3≥1.5（2）设计洪水频率:1/50（3）路面结构层：第一阶段铺碎石、砂砾、卵砾石等满足管道施工车辆通行；第二阶段管道施工结束对第一阶段路面修整并压实铺筑泥结碎石路面，满足管道运营维护要求；（4）填方路基填筑高度小于8m时，边坡坡度采用1:1.5，当填筑高度大于8m时，从上至下边坡坡度依次为：第一级采用1:1.5，第二级采用1:1.75，第三级及以下采用1:1.75-1:2.0，路堑挖方边坡高度≤15m的软质岩石、土质边坡，为1:0.5-1∶0.75。（5）过水路面与路基同宽4.5m，厚200mm水泥砼。5主要部位的施工工艺流程5.1主要部位的施工工艺流程5.1.1路基土石方工程施工流程relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,neurosurgery,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingNeurology,Gastroenterology,cardiology)2months,pathology2months.UltrasoundImaging:RadiologyWeb5months(CT,MRI-oriented,takingintoaccounttheInterventionalRadiology,CT2.5months,interventionalradiology,0.5month,MRI2months).Nuclearimagerotationfor2months.Relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotation5months:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,obstetricsandGynecology,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingdigestivetractinternalmedicine,Endocrinologyandmetabolism,cardiology)2months,DepartmentofPathology1month.NuclearImaging:Radiologydiagnosis4months,ultrasonography2monthsrelevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgery2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingOncology,cardiology)3months,DepartmentofPathology1month.Thethirdstage(25thto36thmonths):accordingtothespecialisttraineeswillengageinRadiology(includinggeneralradiology,CT,MRI,interventional),ultrasonicimaging,imagerotation,respectively.Radiologymajors:General2monthsofradiation,CT4months,MRI4month,in2months.UltrasoundImaging:digestive,Urologicalultrasound4months;obstetricultrasound3months,cardiac 中铁隧道集团二处有限公司测量放线扫线、清理地表压实伴行路原土洒水碾压自卸车运土整平洒水控制横坡、边缘预留检测厚度、含水量检测压实度监理检查确认监理检查确认现场专业检查检测压实度图纸会审与施工技术交底设计交底设计交桩不合格合格合格监理审核业主审批施工资质和施工文件准备relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,neurosurgery,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingNeurology,Gastroenterology,cardiology)2months,pathology2months.UltrasoundImaging:RadiologyWeb5months(CT,MRI-oriented,takingintoaccounttheInterventionalRadiology,CT2.5months,interventionalradiology,0.5month,MRI2months).Nuclearimagerotationfor2months.Relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotation5months:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,obstetricsandGynecology,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingdigestivetractinternalmedicine,Endocrinologyandmetabolism,cardiology)2months,DepartmentofPathology1month.NuclearImaging:Radiologydiagnosis4months,ultrasonography2monthsrelevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgery2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingOncology,cardiology)3months,DepartmentofPathology1month.Thethirdstage(25thto36thmonths):accordingtothespecialisttraineeswillengageinRadiology(includinggeneralradiology,CT,MRI,interventional),ultrasonicimaging,imagerotation,respectively.Radiologymajors:General2monthsofradiation,CT4months,MRI4month,in2months.UltrasoundImaging:digestive,Urologicalultrasound4months;obstetricultrasound3months,cardiac 中铁隧道集团二处有限公司5.1.2路面施工流程整修路基测量放线碎石摊铺、预压浇灌泥浆撒嵌缝料养护检测厚度、含水量控制横坡、边缘预留现场专业检查交工验收整形relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,neurosurgery,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingNeurology,Gastroenterology,cardiology)2months,pathology2months.UltrasoundImaging:RadiologyWeb5months(CT,MRI-oriented,takingintoaccounttheInterventionalRadiology,CT2.5months,interventionalradiology,0.5month,MRI2months).Nuclearimagerotationfor2months.Relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotation5months:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,obstetricsandGynecology,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingdigestivetractinternalmedicine,Endocrinologyandmetabolism,cardiology)2months,DepartmentofPathology1month.NuclearImaging:Radiologydiagnosis4months,ultrasonography2monthsrelevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgery2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingOncology,cardiology)3months,DepartmentofPathology1month.Thethirdstage(25thto36thmonths):accordingtothespecialisttraineeswillengageinRadiology(includinggeneralradiology,CT,MRI,interventional),ultrasonicimaging,imagerotation,respectively.Radiologymajors:General2monthsofradiation,CT4months,MRI4month,in2months.UltrasoundImaging:digestive,Urologicalultrasound4months;obstetricultrasound3months,cardiac 中铁隧道集团二处有限公司5.1.3过水路面施工流程浇筑路面砼，取试块，养护，做伸缩缝浆砌块石基坑压实度、几何尺寸及标高检查基底夯实、回填砂砾垫层施工放样、基坑开挖报放样记录报施工记录、质检表报质检表总体交验导流堤施工河床地貌恢复5.1.4涵管施工流程施工准备施工测量开挖基坑涵管铺设测量放线报验回填盖板涵吊装基坑验收relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,neurosurgery,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingNeurology,Gastroenterology,cardiology)2months,pathology2months.UltrasoundImaging:RadiologyWeb5months(CT,MRI-oriented,takingintoaccounttheInterventionalRadiology,CT2.5months,interventionalradiology,0.5month,MRI2months).Nuclearimagerotationfor2months.Relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotation5months:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,obstetricsandGynecology,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingdigestivetractinternalmedicine,Endocrinologyandmetabolism,cardiology)2months,DepartmentofPathology1month.NuclearImaging:Radiologydiagnosis4months,ultrasonography2monthsrelevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgery2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingOncology,cardiology)3months,DepartmentofPathology1month.Thethirdstage(25thto36thmonths):accordingtothespecialisttraineeswillengageinRadiology(includinggeneralradiology,CT,MRI,interventional),ultrasonicimaging,imagerotation,respectively.Radiologymajors:General2monthsofradiation,CT4months,MRI4month,in2months.UltrasoundImaging:digestive,Urologicalultrasound4months;obstetricultrasound3months,cardiac 中铁隧道集团二处有限公司5.2测量5.2.2平面控制：（1）控制点的测设：测量放线采用全站仪，标高控制采用水准仪。测量控制网根据业主提供的控制点加密，补充施工需要的中线桩，每25m设一中线桩，曲线上在ZH、HY、QZ、YH、HZ等点加设中线桩，并将中线桩移至施工中不会被破坏到的安全作业带，并定时检测。（2）对设计所交付的中线位置桩，水准点，导线点等测量资料进行检查、核对。复核时须注意相临标段控制点的校核，复核结果经现场监理认可后方可使用。若发现不符合要求时，应进行补测、加固、移设或重新测校。根据测量提交的导线桩按照施工需要适当增加控制点，为了确保控制网的可靠性，将根据现场条件把控制点都选定在施工作业影响范围以外的地方，用混凝土护桩，做到各控制点的通视性良好，符合施工需要。控制点选定后经过实测和导线闭合的平差计算把整个工程范围内的控制点坐标确定好。考虑到地基的沉降，将根据施工阶段定期复核整个控制网。5.2.3高程控制测量：（1）补充施工需要的临时水准点，在施工前应做好水准点的测放工作，每200m设一临时水准点。（2）在施工过程中，随时检查施工部分的位置和标高。（3）施工过程中，细心谨慎，对沿线的管道桩要加以保护，不得破坏。5.2.4分部结构的测设：（1）交叉口曲线的测设:采用坐标法和常规测设方法相结合的手段来测设。首先根据道路中线及平面线形要素表用坐标法测设要素点位置（中线和边线），即测设直线和曲线的起讫点；然后用常规测设方法根据要素点位置，按照施工需要测设线上各点，直线用通视法，曲线用偏角法。（2）道路放样:利用测量控制网测设各道路中心线坐标，并通过各控制点位进行相互复核，确保正确后作为道路施工的基准点。（3）各分项工程结构放样、复测都单独进行，并经监理复核签证后，方可作下一道工序施工。5.3清表扫线及基底碾压（1）施工过程中，细心谨慎，对沿线的管道桩要加以保护，不得破坏。（2）清除施工范围内的树木、草皮、树根等有机质，并将路基范围内的坑穴填平夯实。（3）清除填方和借方地段的地表腐质物、杂质和不能使用的原状土。（4）为保证基底压实度，清表扫线后洒水，待达到最佳含水量后采用压路机对基底进行碾压，待压实检测合格后再进行回填，确保基底压实度按伴行路程序文件的要求执行。（5）根据路基填高计算出路基底宽，根据路基底宽放出路基底边线，为保证路基基底碾压质量，基底碾压宽度比路基底宽每边各宽0.3m。5.4路基填筑碾压（1）路基每层填筑前均应复测伴行公路中线及高程，relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,neurosurgery,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingNeurology,Gastroenterology,cardiology)2months,pathology2months.UltrasoundImaging:RadiologyWeb5months(CT,MRI-oriented,takingintoaccounttheInterventionalRadiology,CT2.5months,interventionalradiology,0.5month,MRI2months).Nuclearimagerotationfor2months.Relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotation5months:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,obstetricsandGynecology,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingdigestivetractinternalmedicine,Endocrinologyandmetabolism,cardiology)2months,DepartmentofPathology1month.NuclearImaging:Radiologydiagnosis4months,ultrasonography2monthsrelevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgery2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingOncology,cardiology)3months,DepartmentofPathology1month.Thethirdstage(25thto36thmonths):accordingtothespecialisttraineeswillengageinRadiology(includinggeneralradiology,CT,MRI,interventional),ultrasonicimaging,imagerotation,respectively.Radiologymajors:General2monthsofradiation,CT4months,MRI4month,in2months.UltrasoundImaging:digestive,Urologicalultrasound4months;obstetricultrasound3months,cardiac 中铁隧道集团二处有限公司对于施工中破坏的中线桩、边线桩、临时水准点、控制桩等桩要及时补测。（2）严格按照设计和规范执行，回填料的级配和强度符合设计和规范要求。（3）路基填筑采用挖掘机、装载机挖装，自卸汽车运输，推土机摊铺，平地机整平，洒水车洒水，压路机压实，灌沙法进行压实结果检测的方法分层填筑。路肩采用人工培土夯实施工。（4）路堤填方严格按路面平行线分层控制填土标高和洒水量，一般最大松铺厚度不得大于300mm，具体填筑厚度及有关参数将通过铺筑路基的试验路段来确定。最后一层的压实厚度不应小于80mm，路基压实度大于85%。当填方分段进行时，相邻衔接处坡度陡于1：5时，须将地表松翻，再进行下道工序的施工。填筑土方时，材料均匀地摊铺在路堤的整个路堤宽度内并大致平整，以保证路堤的均匀压实。（5）路堤填土高度小于800mm（不包括路面厚度）时，对于原地表清理与挖除之后的土质基底，应将表面翻松深300mm，然后整平压实。其压实度应符合设计的要求。路堤填土高度大于800mm时应将路堤基底整平处理并在填筑前碾压，其压实度不应小于95％。地面自然横坡或纵坡陡于1：5时，应将原地面挖成台阶，但应将原地面以下200－300mm的表土翻松。（6）中途长期停工或雨天后，路堤表层及边坡须无积水并加以整理，复工时，须经监理工程师重新检验密实度等指标，合格后方可继续填筑。（7）为保证设计路基全宽的密实度，边侧保留300mm的余宽。待路基基本形成并（8）路基压实度、平整度及横坡应满足设计要求。5.5路面工程施工（1）施工前准备工作。包括放样、布置料堆、拌制泥浆等。泥浆水土体积比一般为0.8:1-1:1。（2）摊铺碎石。按松铺厚度（约为压实厚度的1.2-1.3倍）摊铺碎石，要求大小颗粒均匀分布，纵断面符合要求，厚度一致。用推土机或平地机快速在已初平的路段上快速碾压一遍，以暴露潜在的不平整，再用平地机进行整平和整形。（3）预压。碎石铺好后，用轻型压路机碾压，碾速宜慢，每分钟约25-30m,轮迹重叠250-300mm。一般碾压6-10遍，至石料无松动为止。过多碾压将堵塞碎石缝隙，妨碍灌浆。（4）浇灌泥浆。在预压碎石层上浇灌泥浆，泥浆要浇得均匀、浇得透，以灌满孔隙、表面与碎石齐平为度，但碎石棱角仍应露出泥浆之上。（5）撒嵌缝料。灌浆1-2h后，在泥浆下注孔隙中空气溢出，表面未干前撒铺5-15mm的嵌缝料（约1-1.5m3/100m2），嵌缝料要撒的均匀。（6）碾压。洒过嵌缝料后，即用中型压路机进行碾压，并随时注意用扫帚将石屑扫匀。如表面太干须略微洒水碾压，如表面太湿须待干后再压。最终碾压阶段，需使碎石缝隙内泥浆能翻到路面上与所撒石屑粘成一个坚实的整体为止。（7）第二段施工时，前段留下的未碾压部分与第二段一起伴和整形后进行碾压。（8）路面验收时，表面无积水和其他杂物并平整坚实，路拱合适，排水良好。弯沉值及压实度必须符合设计要求。边坡应密实、直顺、平整稳定，曲线圆滑。5.6密实度试验检测（1）按设计的四级公路简易路面和公路路基设计规范及监理分部的要求认真检测，保证路基、路面压实度符合要求。（2）全线路段压实度检测统一采用灌砂法。（3）检测频率符合规范要求。路基为每200m2检验4点；不足200m2至少检验两点。（4）认真填报检测成果，报EPC项目部和EPC代表审批后通知施工进行下道工序。5.7过水路面工程施工relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,neurosurgery,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingNeurology,Gastroenterology,cardiology)2months,pathology2months.UltrasoundImaging:RadiologyWeb5months(CT,MRI-oriented,takingintoaccounttheInterventionalRadiology,CT2.5months,interventionalradiology,0.5month,MRI2months).Nuclearimagerotationfor2months.Relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotation5months:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,obstetricsandGynecology,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingdigestivetractinternalmedicine,Endocrinologyandmetabolism,cardiology)2months,DepartmentofPathology1month.NuclearImaging:Radiologydiagnosis4months,ultrasonography2monthsrelevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgery2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingOncology,cardiology)3months,DepartmentofPathology1month.Thethirdstage(25thto36thmonths):accordingtothespecialisttraineeswillengageinRadiology(includinggeneralradiology,CT,MRI,interventional),ultrasonicimaging,imagerotation,respectively.Radiologymajors:General2monthsofradiation,CT4months,MRI4month,in2months.UltrasoundImaging:digestive,Urologicalultrasound4months;obstetricultrasound3months,cardiac 中铁隧道集团二处有限公司（1）施工工序：放线→挖基槽→碾压→天然沙砾垫层→砼路面→导流堤→河床地貌恢复→验收（2）施工前，做好原材料准备工作。砼、砂浆所用材料必须有合格证及由业主、监理认可的试验室出具的检验报告，并严格按试验室所配比称量施工，计算误差应在允许范围内。（3）测量放线：由测量人员放出过水路面的位置线，每10m放一铁桩。铁桩上用红漆标出高程。（4）用人工配合机械开挖基槽，对于接近标高的土方全部由人工进行施工。开挖时挂线绳进行控制。（5）天然砂砾垫层施工时注意找平与碾压，浆砌块石施工时修平砂砾垫层，坐浆要均匀、足量，块石砌筑时注意砂浆饱满无通缝，狗洞、砂窝等现象，沟缝要嵌入砌缝内，片石外露部分要求美观，并加以修整，同时施工中还注意同时安装安全标桩。两端截水墙施工要保证深度。（6）支设模板，定出板块分块位置，模板支架应牢固不变形。检查复合模板标高，平面位置支立是否准确稳固，接头是否紧密平顺，是否前后错茬和高低不平等现象。掌握不能亏料，可适当略有富余，但又不能太多，防止被浇到模板以外。砼入模前，先检查坍落度，控制在配合比要求坍落度±10mm范围内，施工中还要随时制作砼检测抗压抗折强度的试件。人工用锹反扣将砼均匀摊铺于模板内，尽量整平并预留振实高度，按设计要求设置横向胀缝隙，布置软木条。在板面无波纹水迹时，用刷毛机横向拉毛、压缝滚压毛。为防止风裂，在砼板成活后及时遮盖，当板面有一定硬度时及时进行养生，湿养生不得少于14d，养生方法采用覆盖塑料薄膜养生。砼强度达到设计强度的70%以上时便可拆模，拆模时注意不得损坏砼。（7）控制要点：砼搅拌后台配比、砼强度、砂浆强度、片石强度、勾缝、几何尺寸、外观。5.8涵管施工（1）测量放线：根据涵管施工图和路线施工图用全站仪准确确定涵管的位置。（2）基坑开挖：根据涵管施工图放出管涵基坑开挖的边线，用挖掘机开挖基坑。（3）涵管铺设：用8T的吊车将涵管吊装在准确的位置，涵管在吊装过程中一定要保证涵管的顺直，管口接缝一定要接好，并且用水泥砂浆封好。5.9路基路面排水路基路面排水在填方路段的可就近排入附近的河道、山谷中，在挖方路段的利用边沟及截水沟，汇集到涵洞或过水路面处排除。根据沿线地势及水文情况，在适当的涵洞和过水路面处，设置土质导流堤将地面漫流拦截汇集于涵洞和过水路面通过。5.10特殊环境条件下施工技术管理措施（1）开挖石方应根据岩石的类别，风化程度和节理发育程度等确定开挖方式，对于软石和强风化岩石，能用机械直接开挖的均应采用机械开挖，也可人工开挖，凡不能使用机械或人工直接开挖的石方，应采用爆破法开挖。（2）进行爆破作业时必须由经过专业培训并取得爆破证书的专业人员施爆。（3）根据确定的爆破方案，进行炮位、炮孔深度的药量设计，其设计图纸和资料应根据情况报送相关部门审批。（4）根据设计的炮位和孔深打眼，当工程量小，工期允许时可采用人工打眼；当工程量较大时，应采用机械钻孔，钻孔机械可采用风钻或潜孔钻。relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,neurosurgery,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingNeurology,Gastroenterology,cardiology)2months,pathology2months.UltrasoundImaging:RadiologyWeb5months(CT,MRI-oriented,takingintoaccounttheInterventionalRadiology,CT2.5months,interventionalradiology,0.5month,MRI2months).Nuclearimagerotationfor2months.Relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotation5months:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,obstetricsandGynecology,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingdigestivetractinternalmedicine,Endocrinologyandmetabolism,cardiology)2months,DepartmentofPathology1month.NuclearImaging:Radiologydiagnosis4months,ultrasonography2monthsrelevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgery2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingOncology,cardiology)3months,DepartmentofPathology1month.Thethirdstage(25thto36thmonths):accordingtothespecialisttraineeswillengageinRadiology(includinggeneralradiology,CT,MRI,interventional),ultrasonicimaging,imagerotation,respectively.Radiologymajors:General2monthsofradiation,CT4months,MRI4month,in2months.UltrasoundImaging:digestive,Urologicalultrasound4months;obstetricultrasound3months,cardiac 中铁隧道集团二处有限公司（5）公路石方开挖，应充分重视挖方边坡稳定，宜选用中小炮爆破，开挖风化较严重、节理发育或岩层产状对边坡稳定不利的石方，宜用小型排炮微差爆破，小型排炮药室距设计边坡线的水平距离，不应小于炮孔间距的1/2。（6）当岩层走向与路线走向基本一致，倾角大于15°且倾向公路或者开挖边界线时，沿设计坡面打预裂孔，孔深同炮孔深度，孔内不装药和其他爆破材料，孔的距离不宜大于炮孔纵向间距的1/2。（7）开挖层靠边坡的两列炮孔，特别是靠顺层边坡的一列炮孔，宜采用减弱松动爆破。（8）爆破后，应及时清理危石和堑内土石方，测定爆破效果。（9）爆破开挖石方程序：施爆区管线调查→炮位设计与设计审批→配备专业施爆人员→用机械或人工清除施爆区覆盖层和强风化岩石→钻孔爆破器材检查与试验→炮孔检查与废渣清除→装药并安装引爆器材→布置安全岗和施爆区安全员→炮孔堵塞→撤离施爆区和飞石、强地震波影响区的人、畜→起爆→清除瞎炮→解除警戒测定爆破效果（包括飞石、地震波对施爆区内外构造物造成的损伤及造成的损失）。5.11完工后地形地貌恢复（1）完开后的场地平整包括挖方、填方、压实、材料处理等。（1）按设计要求,把场地平整具有一定坡度,无低洼积水点。（2）在场地平整期间,要有足够的排水沟和排水系统将场地的水及时排出。（3）最终现场排水沟应符合设计图纸的标高,坡度和断面尺寸。（4）完工后,应清理现场,清除工作期间残留在现场的散料碎石等。（5）撤离现场前,按施工图纸的要求恢复原貌，永久征地之外的工程应尽快与地方政府有关部门办理地貌恢复验收证明。6环境保护措施水土保持措施6.1环境保护措成立以分部经理为组长的环境保护领导小组，建立与质量安全保证体系并行的环境保护保证体系，配备相应的环保设施和技术力量，与当地政府和环保部门联合协作，全面控制施工污染,减少污水、空气粉尘及噪音污染，严格控制水土流失，达到国家环保标准。施工中采取有效措施，保护环境，爆破时采用控制爆破，不影响临近建筑物及其它设施正常安全使用。施工通道经常洒水处理，弃土场洒水湿润，施工中产生的污水处理达标后排放。施工方案同时要有环保措施，以保护现场环境，避免由于施工方法不当引起对环境的污染和破坏。环境保护组织机构见图6-1。relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,neurosurgery,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingNeurology,Gastroenterology,cardiology)2months,pathology2months.UltrasoundImaging:RadiologyWeb5months(CT,MRI-oriented,takingintoaccounttheInterventionalRadiology,CT2.5months,interventionalradiology,0.5month,MRI2months).Nuclearimagerotationfor2months.Relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotation5months:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,obstetricsandGynecology,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingdigestivetractinternalmedicine,Endocrinologyandmetabolism,cardiology)2months,DepartmentofPathology1month.NuclearImaging:Radiologydiagnosis4months,ultrasonography2monthsrelevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgery2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingOncology,cardiology)3months,DepartmentofPathology1month.Thethirdstage(25thto36thmonths):accordingtothespecialisttraineeswillengageinRadiology(includinggeneralradiology,CT,MRI,interventional),ultrasonicimaging,imagerotation,respectively.Radiologymajors:General2monthsofradiation,CT4months,MRI4month,in2months.UltrasoundImaging:digestive,Urologicalultrasound4months;obstetricultrasound3months,cardiac 中铁隧道集团二处有限公司图6-1环境保护组织机构图分部经理技术主管工区主任工程部部长经财部部长办公室主任设备物资部部长质量管理部部长伴行路队队长、班组长作业工区质检工程师质检工程师安全环保部部长试验室主任强化环保宣传和思想教育工作，使环保意识全面深入人心，真正认识到环保的重要作用。把环保作为施工的重要工作来抓，抓措施、抓设施、抓落实，制定施工现场环境保护的目标责任书，定岗定责，责任到人。开工前组织对全体干部职工进行环境保护知识学习，增强环保意识，保证环保工程质量，采取有效措施，使施工过程对环境的损害程度降到最低。relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,neurosurgery,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingNeurology,Gastroenterology,cardiology)2months,pathology2months.UltrasoundImaging:RadiologyWeb5months(CT,MRI-oriented,takingintoaccounttheInterventionalRadiology,CT2.5months,interventionalradiology,0.5month,MRI2months).Nuclearimagerotationfor2months.Relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotation5months:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,obstetricsandGynecology,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingdigestivetractinternalmedicine,Endocrinologyandmetabolism,cardiology)2months,DepartmentofPathology1month.NuclearImaging:Radiologydiagnosis4months,ultrasonography2monthsrelevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgery2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingOncology,cardiology)3months,DepartmentofPathology1month.Thethirdstage(25thto36thmonths):accordingtothespecialisttraineeswillengageinRadiology(includinggeneralradiology,CT,MRI,interventional),ultrasonicimaging,imagerotation,respectively.Radiologymajors:General2monthsofradiation,CT4months,MRI4month,in2months.UltrasoundImaging:digestive,Urologicalultrasound4months;obstetricultrasound3months,cardiac 中铁隧道集团二处有限公司永久性用地范围内裸露地表用植被覆盖。工程完工后，拆除一切临时用地范围内的临时设施和临时生活设施，搞好租用地和弃碴场复耕，绿化原有场地，恢复自然原貌。退场时的场地清理，达到地方政府、群众及相关其他单位的满意，并取得有效的证明文件。合理布置施工场地，生产、生活设施尽量布置在征地线以内，少占或不占耕地，尽量不破坏原有植被，不随意砍伐树木，并在其周围植草或植树绿化，创建美好环境。保持生产生活区的清洁，定时打扫，垃圾定点存放，定期运到指定的位置。定点投药，防止蚊蝇鼠虫滋生，传播疾病。6.2水土保持措施为了保护环境和水源不受污染，在生产场地设污水处理系统，采用隔油沉淀池、气浮设备和二级生化处理设施对施工污水进行处理。生活、生产区设污水处理系统，生活、生产污水经严格净化处理并经检验，符合国家环保标准后再排出。靠近生活水源的施工场地用沟壕或堤坝与之隔开，避免水源污染。施工期间生产场地和生活区修建必要的临时排水渠道，污水经处理后，与永久性排水设施相接，不致引起渠道淤积冲刷。施工区域、砂石料场在施工期间和完工后，进行绿化、复耕，减少水土流失。对弃碴场及时设置防护，且挡墙设泄水孔和反滤层，避免雨季冲刷弃碴，污染河流。大气污染防治内燃机械安设消烟罩，减轻对大气的污染。粉尘防治对施工现场和运输便道等易产生粉尘的地段定时进行洒水降尘，勤洗施工机械车辆，使产生的粉尘危害减至最小程度。对施工人员发放口罩、防毒面具等，并定期进行体检。对易松散和易飞扬的建筑材料用彩条布、蓬布等严密覆盖，并放于居住区的下风处。噪音污染防治加强施工机械设备的维护保养，减少噪声和污染。易产生噪声的工程（如碎石加工场）晚上停工。施工现场严格按照GB12523-90《建筑施工场界噪声限值》中的有关规定和要求进行。对于产生噪声较大的项目施工，合理安排施工组织计划，避免夜间施工扰民，尽量减少噪声对当地居民的影响。relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,neurosurgery,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingNeurology,Gastroenterology,cardiology)2months,pathology2months.UltrasoundImaging:RadiologyWeb5months(CT,MRI-oriented,takingintoaccounttheInterventionalRadiology,CT2.5months,interventionalradiology,0.5month,MRI2months).Nuclearimagerotationfor2months.Relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotation5months:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,obstetricsandGynecology,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingdigestivetractinternalmedicine,Endocrinologyandmetabolism,cardiology)2months,DepartmentofPathology1month.NuclearImaging:Radiologydiagnosis4months,ultrasonography2monthsrelevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgery2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingOncology,cardiology)3months,DepartmentofPathology1month.Thethirdstage(25thto36thmonths):accordingtothespecialisttraineeswillengageinRadiology(includinggeneralradiology,CT,MRI,interventional),ultrasonicimaging,imagerotation,respectively.Radiologymajors:General2monthsofradiation,CT4months,MRI4month,in2months.UltrasoundImaging:digestive,Urologicalultrasound4months;obstetricultrasound3months,cardiac 中铁隧道集团二处有限公司生产生活垃圾的处理弃碴及弃碴场地清理物，如表土、草皮、树木、树墩、树根、灌木和垃圾等运到指定地点弃置，不乱弃乱倒。对有害物质（如染料、油料、废旧材料和生产、生活垃圾等）经处理后运至当地环保部门所指定的地点进行掩埋，防止泄露、腐蚀造成对生态资源的破坏。弃碴处理工程施工前，首先就弃碴场向当地环保部门办理许可手续，在取得许可证后再开始弃碴。在弃碴场顶外缘设环形截水沟，弃碴场顶向外做坡度不小于2%的排水坡。交底接收人见人员签到表复核附：（1）技术交底会议纪要（2）人员签到表（3）仰拱施工图纸技术交底会议纪要2012年2月3日，由屈瀑主持，组织青大富、李丽华、王寿章、relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,neurosurgery,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingNeurology,Gastroenterology,cardiology)2months,pathology2months.UltrasoundImaging:RadiologyWeb5months(CT,MRI-oriented,takingintoaccounttheInterventionalRadiology,CT2.5months,interventionalradiology,0.5month,MRI2months).Nuclearimagerotationfor2months.Relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotation5months:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,obstetricsandGynecology,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingdigestivetractinternalmedicine,Endocrinologyandmetabolism,cardiology)2months,DepartmentofPathology1month.NuclearImaging:Radiologydiagnosis4months,ultrasonography2monthsrelevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgery2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingOncology,cardiology)3months,DepartmentofPathology1month.Thethirdstage(25thto36thmonths):accordingtothespecialisttraineeswillengageinRadiology(includinggeneralradiology,CT,MRI,interventional),ultrasonicimaging,imagerotation,respectively.Radiologymajors:General2monthsofradiation,CT4months,MRI4month,in2months.UltrasoundImaging:digestive,Urologicalultrasound4months;obstetricultrasound3months,cardiac 中铁隧道集团二处有限公司董光荣、张伟伟、刘昭江、何营凯、黄怀春等相关人员，在三分部会议室针对灰竹林隧道仰拱施工进行了技术交底。由屈瀑将灰竹林伴行道路施工进行了详细讲解，并对与会人员提出的疑问进行了解答，会议历时1.5小时。详细交底内容见施工技术交底书。参加技术交底会议人员名单附后。2011年12月26日relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,neurosurgery,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingNeurology,Gastroenterology,cardiology)2months,pathology2months.UltrasoundImaging:RadiologyWeb5months(CT,MRI-oriented,takingintoaccounttheInterventionalRadiology,CT2.5months,interventionalradiology,0.5month,MRI2months).Nuclearimagerotationfor2months.Relevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotation5months:surgicalspecialty(includinggeneralsurgery,obstetricsandGynecology,urology)2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingdigestivetractinternalmedicine,Endocrinologyandmetabolism,cardiology)2months,DepartmentofPathology1month.NuclearImaging:Radiologydiagnosis4months,ultrasonography2monthsrelevantclinicaldepartments(includingpathological)rotating6month:surgery2months,specializingininternalmedicine(includingOncology,cardiology)3months,DepartmentofPathology1month.Thethirdstage(25thto36thmonths):accordingtothespecialisttraineeswillengageinRadiology(includinggeneralradiology,CT,MRI,interventional),ultrasonicimaging,imagerotation,respectively.Radiologymajors:General2monthsofradiation,CT4months,MRI4month,in2months.UltrasoundImaging:digestive,Urologicalultrasound4months;obstetricultrasound3months,cardiac'