钻孔灌注桩基施工作业指导书

'Annualstrawconsumptionisabout300(15x20)milliontonsto450(15x30)milliontonnes.AroundeachplanttotownforcuringCenterstrawbriquettefactory,about30,curingeachstrawbriquettefactoryproductioncapacityof10,000tonsperyear,productionofmajorproductssupplypowerplantsandtherestasordinaryfuel.ChapterIII,sectionIindustryinvestmentanalysisinvestmentbenefitanalysis,industryprofitabilityindustrybenchmarkyieldto12%,morethanamoderatelevelofprofitability,havehigherprofitability.Secondly,solvency,withgoodprofitabilityand,hence,haveenoughliquidity.ThreebiomassenergyresourceinChina,industrygrowthprospectsareveryexperiencedandbrightprospectsfordevelopmentofbiomasspowergenerationindustry.Ononehand,thesownareaof1.8billionmuofcrops,theyearproduces700milliontonsofmatter.Apartfromthepartsusedinpapermakingandlivestockfeed,andtherestwillbedonefueluse.Theotherhand,China"scurrentforestareaofabout175millionhectares,theforestcoveragerateof18.21%,everyyearthroughnormalBushstumpingrejuvenation,forestthinning,hedgerowfruittreesandthecollectionofforestfelling,bucking,processingresidues,biomassresourcesavailableatabout800millionto1billiontons.TheoryofbiomassenergyresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincetherenewableenergylawcameintoeffectonJanuary1,2006,makingacompletesetofadministrativerulesandregulationsalsopromulgated.OnOctober4,2006oftheMinistryoftheinterimmeasuresfortheadministrationofspecialfundsforrenewableenergydevelopment,theapproachofspecialfundstosupportkey,applicationandapproval,financialmanagement,checkingandsupervisionofcomprehensiveprovisions.Theregulations:developmentofspecialfundsestablishedbythefinancialdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil,theuseofspecialfundsforthedevelopmentincludefreegrantsandsubsidizedloans,throughthecentralfinancialbudget.Accordingtotheroleofbiomassenergyandthecountry"sstatusquo,iscurrentlyfocusedonthedevelopmentoftheprojectareasfollows:(1)recentdevelopmentpriorities:biomassgasificationandgas,biomassgasificationpowergeneration,largebiogas,biomassdirectcombustionheating(2)medium-andlong-termdevelopmentprojects:heightofbiomassgasificationpowergenerationproject(BIG/CC),theproductionofhydrogenfrombiomasssuchasresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincethe钻孔灌注桩基施工作业指导书一、本工程结构特点桩基础采用灌注桩基础，施工单位应选择合理的施工工艺,保证桩基的施工质量。宜选用强度较高的钢护筒埋设,优质泥浆护壁成孔等技术，保证桩孔垂直度，提高成孔质量。在灌注混凝土时，确保混凝土坍落度（18～22cm），保证到场时混凝土的工作性能。二、钻孔灌注桩施工工艺钻孔灌注桩的施工工艺流程为：搭设钻机平台→测量定位→护筒加工、埋设→钻机就位、泥浆制备→钻孔→清孔→安放钢筋笼→放导管→灌注水下混凝土钻孔灌注桩施工工艺流程框图如下：Added.Finally,foreigninvestmentrisk,therearealsoopportunities.Financialcrisiscausedthestockandcorporatebondpricesplummeted,earlyChinesebanks"foreignexchangeassetsintheforeignexchangereservesinvestmentandlosses,butatpresenttheinternationalpricesofmanyfinancialassetsinalow,topromoteforeignmergersandacquisitionsinChinaandpromotingenterprise"goingout"diversifiedcooperation,activelyexploreoverseasresourcesandmarketsandopportunities.Meanwhile,inresponsetotheadverseimpactofworldeconomiccrisisonChina,theStateCouncilannounced10measurestoexpanddomesticdemandandpromotegrowthoverthenexttwoyearstheimplementationofthesemeasureswilltakeabout4trillionyuancentralbudgetsupport.The4trillionyuaninvestmenthasaninkling,transportation,forestry,waterconservancy,people"slivelihood,environmentalprotectionandotherareaswillbeskewed.IncreasedinvestmentwillplayasignificantroleinpromotingChina"seconomicgrowth,atthesametime,thereshouldbeotherpro-growthmeasuresrolledout.AseriesofpositivemeasuresbytheStateandfunctionof4trilliontheCentralTreasury,oureconomywillbesustained,stableandrapiddevelopmentgradually.SectionIImarketanalysisoftechnicalfeasibilityofbiomassfuelshapingtechnologyandequipmentisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Biomassbriquettingtechnologyreferstoacertaintemperatureandunderpressure,willbescatteredandvariousshapesofbiomassrawmaterialsintohighdensity,withavarietyoffuelstechnology.Biomassbriquettingequipmentincludingscrew-extrusionmoldingmachines,mechanicalpistonstampingformingmachine,ringdie-rollandhydraulicpistonstampingmoldingmachines.Mechanicalpistonformingandhydraulicpistonformingmachinetotalupproductionefficiencylowenergyhigh,formerofproductivitylow,actualproductivityin100-200kg,mainworkpartslifelownotforindustrializationproduction;whichmainworkpartslifelong,buthighestproductioncapacitylowerenergyhigh;fromtechnologyindexview,ringdierollpressuretypeformingmachineproductionratehighest,energylow,productscostlow,whiletechnologycontentalsohigh,forYuscaleproductionpromotion.Sinceinthe1980ofthe20thcentury,China"sbio-technologyresearchanddevelopmenthavemadegreatprogress,nationalresearchandproductionequipmentofenterprisesorresearchinstituteshasdozensofhomes.China"sindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuelprototypeisformed,however,tobematureandrealizeindustrialization,youfirstneedtoovercomesomeconstraints,sometechnicalobstacles.Includesthemainworkingpartsoftheshortworkinglife,poorabilitytocoordinateequipmentsystems,runningunstable,andsoon.Also,duetothelackofeffectiveindustrialpractices,solidbiomassindustryisstillinitsinfancyinChina.Biomassfuelshapingtechnology,stableperformanceandlowpowerconsumptionofthedeviceisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassfuel,goodindustryandtheGovernment"ssupportandthenecessaryfundingisaprerequisiteforindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Tocompressbiomassbriquetteprocessingcost,youwillneedtoyieldpower,vulnerableperformanceandlowcost,laborcost,controlthreeaspects.Meanwhile,burningofbiomassisalsoontheindustry"scoretechnology,generally,becauseofbiomassfuelstoreplacecoal,canbeused,infact,duetobiomass19 Annualstrawconsumptionisabout300(15x20)milliontonsto450(15x30)milliontonnes.AroundeachplanttotownforcuringCenterstrawbriquettefactory,about30,curingeachstrawbriquettefactoryproductioncapacityof10,000tonsperyear,productionofmajorproductssupplypowerplantsandtherestasordinaryfuel.ChapterIII,sectionIindustryinvestmentanalysisinvestmentbenefitanalysis,industryprofitabilityindustrybenchmarkyieldto12%,morethanamoderatelevelofprofitability,havehigherprofitability.Secondly,solvency,withgoodprofitabilityand,hence,haveenoughliquidity.ThreebiomassenergyresourceinChina,industrygrowthprospectsareveryexperiencedandbrightprospectsfordevelopmentofbiomasspowergenerationindustry.Ononehand,thesownareaof1.8billionmuofcrops,theyearproduces700milliontonsofmatter.Apartfromthepartsusedinpapermakingandlivestockfeed,andtherestwillbedonefueluse.Theotherhand,China"scurrentforestareaofabout175millionhectares,theforestcoveragerateof18.21%,everyyearthroughnormalBushstumpingrejuvenation,forestthinning,hedgerowfruittreesandthecollectionofforestfelling,bucking,processingresidues,biomassresourcesavailableatabout800millionto1billiontons.TheoryofbiomassenergyresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincetherenewableenergylawcameintoeffectonJanuary1,2006,makingacompletesetofadministrativerulesandregulationsalsopromulgated.OnOctober4,2006oftheMinistryoftheinterimmeasuresfortheadministrationofspecialfundsforrenewableenergydevelopment,theapproachofspecialfundstosupportkey,applicationandapproval,financialmanagement,checkingandsupervisionofcomprehensiveprovisions.Theregulations:developmentofspecialfundsestablishedbythefinancialdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil,theuseofspecialfundsforthedevelopmentincludefreegrantsandsubsidizedloans,throughthecentralfinancialbudget.Accordingtotheroleofbiomassenergyandthecountry"sstatusquo,iscurrentlyfocusedonthedevelopmentoftheprojectareasfollows:(1)recentdevelopmentpriorities:biomassgasificationandgas,biomassgasificationpowergeneration,largebiogas,biomassdirectcombustionheating(2)medium-andlong-termdevelopmentprojects:heightofbiomassgasificationpowergenerationproject(BIG/CC),theproductionofhydrogenfrombiomasssuchasresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincethe钻孔平台施工钻机安装就位钻机调试吊车就位钻孔准备工作钻孔泥浆制备终孔、清孔钢筋笼制作检测孔底沉渣、二次清孔钻机检查与维修移钻机、检孔安装钢筋笼下导管砼取样灌注水下砼压试块桩身质量检测认证浇注砼前准备工作监理认证监理认证1、钻孔平台搭设无论陆上或水中桩，平台须平整牢靠稳定，能承受工作时所有静、动荷载。2、钻孔桩施工测量控制（1）钻孔桩放样Added.Finally,foreigninvestmentrisk,therearealsoopportunities.Financialcrisiscausedthestockandcorporatebondpricesplummeted,earlyChinesebanks"foreignexchangeassetsintheforeignexchangereservesinvestmentandlosses,butatpresenttheinternationalpricesofmanyfinancialassetsinalow,topromoteforeignmergersandacquisitionsinChinaandpromotingenterprise"goingout"diversifiedcooperation,activelyexploreoverseasresourcesandmarketsandopportunities.Meanwhile,inresponsetotheadverseimpactofworldeconomiccrisisonChina,theStateCouncilannounced10measurestoexpanddomesticdemandandpromotegrowthoverthenexttwoyearstheimplementationofthesemeasureswilltakeabout4trillionyuancentralbudgetsupport.The4trillionyuaninvestmenthasaninkling,transportation,forestry,waterconservancy,people"slivelihood,environmentalprotectionandotherareaswillbeskewed.IncreasedinvestmentwillplayasignificantroleinpromotingChina"seconomicgrowth,atthesametime,thereshouldbeotherpro-growthmeasuresrolledout.AseriesofpositivemeasuresbytheStateandfunctionof4trilliontheCentralTreasury,oureconomywillbesustained,stableandrapiddevelopmentgradually.SectionIImarketanalysisoftechnicalfeasibilityofbiomassfuelshapingtechnologyandequipmentisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Biomassbriquettingtechnologyreferstoacertaintemperatureandunderpressure,willbescatteredandvariousshapesofbiomassrawmaterialsintohighdensity,withavarietyoffuelstechnology.Biomassbriquettingequipmentincludingscrew-extrusionmoldingmachines,mechanicalpistonstampingformingmachine,ringdie-rollandhydraulicpistonstampingmoldingmachines.Mechanicalpistonformingandhydraulicpistonformingmachinetotalupproductionefficiencylowenergyhigh,formerofproductivitylow,actualproductivityin100-200kg,mainworkpartslifelownotforindustrializationproduction;whichmainworkpartslifelong,buthighestproductioncapacitylowerenergyhigh;fromtechnologyindexview,ringdierollpressuretypeformingmachineproductionratehighest,energylow,productscostlow,whiletechnologycontentalsohigh,forYuscaleproductionpromotion.Sinceinthe1980ofthe20thcentury,China"sbio-technologyresearchanddevelopmenthavemadegreatprogress,nationalresearchandproductionequipmentofenterprisesorresearchinstituteshasdozensofhomes.China"sindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuelprototypeisformed,however,tobematureandrealizeindustrialization,youfirstneedtoovercomesomeconstraints,sometechnicalobstacles.Includesthemainworkingpartsoftheshortworkinglife,poorabilitytocoordinateequipmentsystems,runningunstable,andsoon.Also,duetothelackofeffectiveindustrialpractices,solidbiomassindustryisstillinitsinfancyinChina.Biomassfuelshapingtechnology,stableperformanceandlowpowerconsumptionofthedeviceisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassfuel,goodindustryandtheGovernment"ssupportandthenecessaryfundingisaprerequisiteforindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Tocompressbiomassbriquetteprocessingcost,youwillneedtoyieldpower,vulnerableperformanceandlowcost,laborcost,controlthreeaspects.Meanwhile,burningofbiomassisalsoontheindustry"scoretechnology,generally,becauseofbiomassfuelstoreplacecoal,canbeused,infact,duetobiomass19 Annualstrawconsumptionisabout300(15x20)milliontonsto450(15x30)milliontonnes.AroundeachplanttotownforcuringCenterstrawbriquettefactory,about30,curingeachstrawbriquettefactoryproductioncapacityof10,000tonsperyear,productionofmajorproductssupplypowerplantsandtherestasordinaryfuel.ChapterIII,sectionIindustryinvestmentanalysisinvestmentbenefitanalysis,industryprofitabilityindustrybenchmarkyieldto12%,morethanamoderatelevelofprofitability,havehigherprofitability.Secondly,solvency,withgoodprofitabilityand,hence,haveenoughliquidity.ThreebiomassenergyresourceinChina,industrygrowthprospectsareveryexperiencedandbrightprospectsfordevelopmentofbiomasspowergenerationindustry.Ononehand,thesownareaof1.8billionmuofcrops,theyearproduces700milliontonsofmatter.Apartfromthepartsusedinpapermakingandlivestockfeed,andtherestwillbedonefueluse.Theotherhand,China"scurrentforestareaofabout175millionhectares,theforestcoveragerateof18.21%,everyyearthroughnormalBushstumpingrejuvenation,forestthinning,hedgerowfruittreesandthecollectionofforestfelling,bucking,processingresidues,biomassresourcesavailableatabout800millionto1billiontons.TheoryofbiomassenergyresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincetherenewableenergylawcameintoeffectonJanuary1,2006,makingacompletesetofadministrativerulesandregulationsalsopromulgated.OnOctober4,2006oftheMinistryoftheinterimmeasuresfortheadministrationofspecialfundsforrenewableenergydevelopment,theapproachofspecialfundstosupportkey,applicationandapproval,financialmanagement,checkingandsupervisionofcomprehensiveprovisions.Theregulations:developmentofspecialfundsestablishedbythefinancialdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil,theuseofspecialfundsforthedevelopmentincludefreegrantsandsubsidizedloans,throughthecentralfinancialbudget.Accordingtotheroleofbiomassenergyandthecountry"sstatusquo,iscurrentlyfocusedonthedevelopmentoftheprojectareasfollows:(1)recentdevelopmentpriorities:biomassgasificationandgas,biomassgasificationpowergeneration,largebiogas,biomassdirectcombustionheating(2)medium-andlong-termdevelopmentprojects:heightofbiomassgasificationpowergenerationproject(BIG/CC),theproductionofhydrogenfrombiomasssuchasresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincethe钻孔灌注桩一般成行列式和梅花形分布，孔位偏差规定值50mm，施工放样以监理工程师批复的控制点为基准，采用全站仪三维坐标直接放样。放样完成后应由现场施工技术员部设护桩并用砼固定，画出护桩平面图，并利用护桩控制护筒埋设。（2）对护筒及桩基础中心检测①检测内容a、护筒中心平面位置检测(护筒偏位≤5cm)。b、护筒顶高程及原地面高程测量。c、检测现场施工技术员提供的护桩布置图中护桩至孔中心及护筒边至孔中心的距离（规定以桥纵、横方向为准量测）。②检测程序护筒埋好钻机就位后，现场施工技术人员对护筒埋设及钻机就位进行检查，检查合格后通知项目部测量队进行检测，测量队检测合格后报请测量监理工程师检测验收。验收合格后准予开钻，并上报施工放样报验单。⑷终孔高程复测和钢筋笼定位终孔必须用水准仪进行高程复测，作好现场记录。当高差≤20mm，仍使用原测高程计算。钢筋笼定位由现场施工技术人员根据孔中心距护筒边的纵横方向距离来控制定位，并用相邻两根护桩至孔中心距离检查定位精度，同时做好现场检查记录。当高差＞100mm时，须查明原因或报测量队复核钢筋笼中心位置精度，必要时重新定位。终孔高程复核和钢筋笼定位检查结果须经现场监理认可。⑸护筒拔除护筒拔除由现场施工员负责指挥，拔除护筒时应严格控制护筒的垂直度，方向竖直，以免因倾斜挤压桩头而导致桩基中心偏位。Added.Finally,foreigninvestmentrisk,therearealsoopportunities.Financialcrisiscausedthestockandcorporatebondpricesplummeted,earlyChinesebanks"foreignexchangeassetsintheforeignexchangereservesinvestmentandlosses,butatpresenttheinternationalpricesofmanyfinancialassetsinalow,topromoteforeignmergersandacquisitionsinChinaandpromotingenterprise"goingout"diversifiedcooperation,activelyexploreoverseasresourcesandmarketsandopportunities.Meanwhile,inresponsetotheadverseimpactofworldeconomiccrisisonChina,theStateCouncilannounced10measurestoexpanddomesticdemandandpromotegrowthoverthenexttwoyearstheimplementationofthesemeasureswilltakeabout4trillionyuancentralbudgetsupport.The4trillionyuaninvestmenthasaninkling,transportation,forestry,waterconservancy,people"slivelihood,environmentalprotectionandotherareaswillbeskewed.IncreasedinvestmentwillplayasignificantroleinpromotingChina"seconomicgrowth,atthesametime,thereshouldbeotherpro-growthmeasuresrolledout.AseriesofpositivemeasuresbytheStateandfunctionof4trilliontheCentralTreasury,oureconomywillbesustained,stableandrapiddevelopmentgradually.SectionIImarketanalysisoftechnicalfeasibilityofbiomassfuelshapingtechnologyandequipmentisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Biomassbriquettingtechnologyreferstoacertaintemperatureandunderpressure,willbescatteredandvariousshapesofbiomassrawmaterialsintohighdensity,withavarietyoffuelstechnology.Biomassbriquettingequipmentincludingscrew-extrusionmoldingmachines,mechanicalpistonstampingformingmachine,ringdie-rollandhydraulicpistonstampingmoldingmachines.Mechanicalpistonformingandhydraulicpistonformingmachinetotalupproductionefficiencylowenergyhigh,formerofproductivitylow,actualproductivityin100-200kg,mainworkpartslifelownotforindustrializationproduction;whichmainworkpartslifelong,buthighestproductioncapacitylowerenergyhigh;fromtechnologyindexview,ringdierollpressuretypeformingmachineproductionratehighest,energylow,productscostlow,whiletechnologycontentalsohigh,forYuscaleproductionpromotion.Sinceinthe1980ofthe20thcentury,China"sbio-technologyresearchanddevelopmenthavemadegreatprogress,nationalresearchandproductionequipmentofenterprisesorresearchinstituteshasdozensofhomes.China"sindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuelprototypeisformed,however,tobematureandrealizeindustrialization,youfirstneedtoovercomesomeconstraints,sometechnicalobstacles.Includesthemainworkingpartsoftheshortworkinglife,poorabilitytocoordinateequipmentsystems,runningunstable,andsoon.Also,duetothelackofeffectiveindustrialpractices,solidbiomassindustryisstillinitsinfancyinChina.Biomassfuelshapingtechnology,stableperformanceandlowpowerconsumptionofthedeviceisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassfuel,goodindustryandtheGovernment"ssupportandthenecessaryfundingisaprerequisiteforindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Tocompressbiomassbriquetteprocessingcost,youwillneedtoyieldpower,vulnerableperformanceandlowcost,laborcost,controlthreeaspects.Meanwhile,burningofbiomassisalsoontheindustry"scoretechnology,generally,becauseofbiomassfuelstoreplacecoal,canbeused,infact,duetobiomass19 Annualstrawconsumptionisabout300(15x20)milliontonsto450(15x30)milliontonnes.AroundeachplanttotownforcuringCenterstrawbriquettefactory,about30,curingeachstrawbriquettefactoryproductioncapacityof10,000tonsperyear,productionofmajorproductssupplypowerplantsandtherestasordinaryfuel.ChapterIII,sectionIindustryinvestmentanalysisinvestmentbenefitanalysis,industryprofitabilityindustrybenchmarkyieldto12%,morethanamoderatelevelofprofitability,havehigherprofitability.Secondly,solvency,withgoodprofitabilityand,hence,haveenoughliquidity.ThreebiomassenergyresourceinChina,industrygrowthprospectsareveryexperiencedandbrightprospectsfordevelopmentofbiomasspowergenerationindustry.Ononehand,thesownareaof1.8billionmuofcrops,theyearproduces700milliontonsofmatter.Apartfromthepartsusedinpapermakingandlivestockfeed,andtherestwillbedonefueluse.Theotherhand,China"scurrentforestareaofabout175millionhectares,theforestcoveragerateof18.21%,everyyearthroughnormalBushstumpingrejuvenation,forestthinning,hedgerowfruittreesandthecollectionofforestfelling,bucking,processingresidues,biomassresourcesavailableatabout800millionto1billiontons.TheoryofbiomassenergyresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincetherenewableenergylawcameintoeffectonJanuary1,2006,makingacompletesetofadministrativerulesandregulationsalsopromulgated.OnOctober4,2006oftheMinistryoftheinterimmeasuresfortheadministrationofspecialfundsforrenewableenergydevelopment,theapproachofspecialfundstosupportkey,applicationandapproval,financialmanagement,checkingandsupervisionofcomprehensiveprovisions.Theregulations:developmentofspecialfundsestablishedbythefinancialdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil,theuseofspecialfundsforthedevelopmentincludefreegrantsandsubsidizedloans,throughthecentralfinancialbudget.Accordingtotheroleofbiomassenergyandthecountry"sstatusquo,iscurrentlyfocusedonthedevelopmentoftheprojectareasfollows:(1)recentdevelopmentpriorities:biomassgasificationandgas,biomassgasificationpowergeneration,largebiogas,biomassdirectcombustionheating(2)medium-andlong-termdevelopmentprojects:heightofbiomassgasificationpowergenerationproject(BIG/CC),theproductionofhydrogenfrombiomasssuchasresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincethe3、护筒制作、埋设护筒最好采用钢护筒，冲击锥护筒内径必须比桩径大30cm，护筒应保证耐压、耐拉、不漏水。护筒埋设采用先挖孔再静(振)压埋设，将护筒周围0.5～1m范围内的土(渣)挖除，深度为1.0m。放下护筒并定位，先用静力把护筒压埋到埋入深度，若埋入深度不够又压不下去则用振动锤振压到位。护筒埋设后的中心与桩中心线应重合，其平面位置允许误差小于5cm，竖直线倾斜度小于1%，经检测合格后，用膨润土与砂性土混合料夯填护筒周围，确保密实不漏水、不下沉。护筒埋设后顶端高度，不应使泥浆钻渣溢出，并高于地面至少0.3m，且高于施工地下水位1.0∽1.5m。4、泥浆制备及循环净化泥浆制备及循环净化系统应由泥浆循环槽、泥浆搅拌机、制浆池、储浆池、泥浆分离器等组成。钻孔泥浆应采用由膨润土调制而成的优质泥浆。膨润土优先使用钠质膨润土，用土量为水的8%。膨润土的化学成分及质量指标应满足规范要求。泥浆调制使用淡水，调制泥浆前先进行泥浆性能验证，满足施工要求后报监理工程师批准。Added.Finally,foreigninvestmentrisk,therearealsoopportunities.Financialcrisiscausedthestockandcorporatebondpricesplummeted,earlyChinesebanks"foreignexchangeassetsintheforeignexchangereservesinvestmentandlosses,butatpresenttheinternationalpricesofmanyfinancialassetsinalow,topromoteforeignmergersandacquisitionsinChinaandpromotingenterprise"goingout"diversifiedcooperation,activelyexploreoverseasresourcesandmarketsandopportunities.Meanwhile,inresponsetotheadverseimpactofworldeconomiccrisisonChina,theStateCouncilannounced10measurestoexpanddomesticdemandandpromotegrowthoverthenexttwoyearstheimplementationofthesemeasureswilltakeabout4trillionyuancentralbudgetsupport.The4trillionyuaninvestmenthasaninkling,transportation,forestry,waterconservancy,people"slivelihood,environmentalprotectionandotherareaswillbeskewed.IncreasedinvestmentwillplayasignificantroleinpromotingChina"seconomicgrowth,atthesametime,thereshouldbeotherpro-growthmeasuresrolledout.AseriesofpositivemeasuresbytheStateandfunctionof4trilliontheCentralTreasury,oureconomywillbesustained,stableandrapiddevelopmentgradually.SectionIImarketanalysisoftechnicalfeasibilityofbiomassfuelshapingtechnologyandequipmentisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Biomassbriquettingtechnologyreferstoacertaintemperatureandunderpressure,willbescatteredandvariousshapesofbiomassrawmaterialsintohighdensity,withavarietyoffuelstechnology.Biomassbriquettingequipmentincludingscrew-extrusionmoldingmachines,mechanicalpistonstampingformingmachine,ringdie-rollandhydraulicpistonstampingmoldingmachines.Mechanicalpistonformingandhydraulicpistonformingmachinetotalupproductionefficiencylowenergyhigh,formerofproductivitylow,actualproductivityin100-200kg,mainworkpartslifelownotforindustrializationproduction;whichmainworkpartslifelong,buthighestproductioncapacitylowerenergyhigh;fromtechnologyindexview,ringdierollpressuretypeformingmachineproductionratehighest,energylow,productscostlow,whiletechnologycontentalsohigh,forYuscaleproductionpromotion.Sinceinthe1980ofthe20thcentury,China"sbio-technologyresearchanddevelopmenthavemadegreatprogress,nationalresearchandproductionequipmentofenterprisesorresearchinstituteshasdozensofhomes.China"sindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuelprototypeisformed,however,tobematureandrealizeindustrialization,youfirstneedtoovercomesomeconstraints,sometechnicalobstacles.Includesthemainworkingpartsoftheshortworkinglife,poorabilitytocoordinateequipmentsystems,runningunstable,andsoon.Also,duetothelackofeffectiveindustrialpractices,solidbiomassindustryisstillinitsinfancyinChina.Biomassfuelshapingtechnology,stableperformanceandlowpowerconsumptionofthedeviceisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassfuel,goodindustryandtheGovernment"ssupportandthenecessaryfundingisaprerequisiteforindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Tocompressbiomassbriquetteprocessingcost,youwillneedtoyieldpower,vulnerableperformanceandlowcost,laborcost,controlthreeaspects.Meanwhile,burningofbiomassisalsoontheindustry"scoretechnology,generally,becauseofbiomassfuelstoreplacecoal,canbeused,infact,duetobiomass19 Annualstrawconsumptionisabout300(15x20)milliontonsto450(15x30)milliontonnes.AroundeachplanttotownforcuringCenterstrawbriquettefactory,about30,curingeachstrawbriquettefactoryproductioncapacityof10,000tonsperyear,productionofmajorproductssupplypowerplantsandtherestasordinaryfuel.ChapterIII,sectionIindustryinvestmentanalysisinvestmentbenefitanalysis,industryprofitabilityindustrybenchmarkyieldto12%,morethanamoderatelevelofprofitability,havehigherprofitability.Secondly,solvency,withgoodprofitabilityand,hence,haveenoughliquidity.ThreebiomassenergyresourceinChina,industrygrowthprospectsareveryexperiencedandbrightprospectsfordevelopmentofbiomasspowergenerationindustry.Ononehand,thesownareaof1.8billionmuofcrops,theyearproduces700milliontonsofmatter.Apartfromthepartsusedinpapermakingandlivestockfeed,andtherestwillbedonefueluse.Theotherhand,China"scurrentforestareaofabout175millionhectares,theforestcoveragerateof18.21%,everyyearthroughnormalBushstumpingrejuvenation,forestthinning,hedgerowfruittreesandthecollectionofforestfelling,bucking,processingresidues,biomassresourcesavailableatabout800millionto1billiontons.TheoryofbiomassenergyresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincetherenewableenergylawcameintoeffectonJanuary1,2006,makingacompletesetofadministrativerulesandregulationsalsopromulgated.OnOctober4,2006oftheMinistryoftheinterimmeasuresfortheadministrationofspecialfundsforrenewableenergydevelopment,theapproachofspecialfundstosupportkey,applicationandapproval,financialmanagement,checkingandsupervisionofcomprehensiveprovisions.Theregulations:developmentofspecialfundsestablishedbythefinancialdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil,theuseofspecialfundsforthedevelopmentincludefreegrantsandsubsidizedloans,throughthecentralfinancialbudget.Accordingtotheroleofbiomassenergyandthecountry"sstatusquo,iscurrentlyfocusedonthedevelopmentoftheprojectareasfollows:(1)recentdevelopmentpriorities:biomassgasificationandgas,biomassgasificationpowergeneration,largebiogas,biomassdirectcombustionheating(2)medium-andlong-termdevelopmentprojects:heightofbiomassgasificationpowergenerationproject(BIG/CC),theproductionofhydrogenfrombiomasssuchasresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincethe钻孔过程中采用泥浆分离器或沉淀池进行泥浆与渣的分离，提高泥浆质量及重复使用泥浆。各种钻机在钻进过程中，向孔内压送循环泥浆，或者经常向孔内冲水，利用钻头钻碎的土块，借钻进的“搅拌”作用自行造浆。5、钻孔（冲冲击锥法）（1）开钻时，应先在孔内灌注泥浆。（2）钻进过程中始终保持孔内液面高于孔外水位1.5～2.0m，并低于护筒顶面0.3cm，掏渣后应及时补水。加强护壁，保持孔壁稳定。（3）在淤泥层和粘土层冲击时，钻头采用中冲程（1.0～2.0m）冲击；在砂层冲击时，应添加小片石和粘土，采用小冲程（0.5～1.0m）,反复冲击，以加强护壁；在漂石和硬岩层冲击时，应更换重锤小冲程冲击。在石质地层中冲击时，如果从孔上浮出的石子粒径在5～8mm之间，表明泥浆浓度合适；如果浮出的钻渣粒径小而少，则表明泥浆浓度不够，可从泥浆池抽取合格泥浆进入循环。（4）冲击钻进时，机手要随进尺快慢及时放主钢丝绳，使钢丝绳在每次冲击过程中始终处于拉紧状态，既不能少放，也不能多放。放少了，钻头落不到孔底，打空锤；放多了，钻头在落到孔底后会向孔壁倾斜，撞击孔壁，造成扩孔。（5）在任何情况下，最大冲程不要超过6米。为正确提升钻锥的冲程，应在钢丝绳上做长度标志。（6）在深水或地质条件较差的相邻桩，不得同时钻进。⑺在钻孔过程中，应详细记录施工进展情况，包括时间、高程、档位、钻头、进尺情况等；⑻每钻进2米（接近设计终孔高程时，应每0.5米）或在地层Added.Finally,foreigninvestmentrisk,therearealsoopportunities.Financialcrisiscausedthestockandcorporatebondpricesplummeted,earlyChinesebanks"foreignexchangeassetsintheforeignexchangereservesinvestmentandlosses,butatpresenttheinternationalpricesofmanyfinancialassetsinalow,topromoteforeignmergersandacquisitionsinChinaandpromotingenterprise"goingout"diversifiedcooperation,activelyexploreoverseasresourcesandmarketsandopportunities.Meanwhile,inresponsetotheadverseimpactofworldeconomiccrisisonChina,theStateCouncilannounced10measurestoexpanddomesticdemandandpromotegrowthoverthenexttwoyearstheimplementationofthesemeasureswilltakeabout4trillionyuancentralbudgetsupport.The4trillionyuaninvestmenthasaninkling,transportation,forestry,waterconservancy,people"slivelihood,environmentalprotectionandotherareaswillbeskewed.IncreasedinvestmentwillplayasignificantroleinpromotingChina"seconomicgrowth,atthesametime,thereshouldbeotherpro-growthmeasuresrolledout.AseriesofpositivemeasuresbytheStateandfunctionof4trilliontheCentralTreasury,oureconomywillbesustained,stableandrapiddevelopmentgradually.SectionIImarketanalysisoftechnicalfeasibilityofbiomassfuelshapingtechnologyandequipmentisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Biomassbriquettingtechnologyreferstoacertaintemperatureandunderpressure,willbescatteredandvariousshapesofbiomassrawmaterialsintohighdensity,withavarietyoffuelstechnology.Biomassbriquettingequipmentincludingscrew-extrusionmoldingmachines,mechanicalpistonstampingformingmachine,ringdie-rollandhydraulicpistonstampingmoldingmachines.Mechanicalpistonformingandhydraulicpistonformingmachinetotalupproductionefficiencylowenergyhigh,formerofproductivitylow,actualproductivityin100-200kg,mainworkpartslifelownotforindustrializationproduction;whichmainworkpartslifelong,buthighestproductioncapacitylowerenergyhigh;fromtechnologyindexview,ringdierollpressuretypeformingmachineproductionratehighest,energylow,productscostlow,whiletechnologycontentalsohigh,forYuscaleproductionpromotion.Sinceinthe1980ofthe20thcentury,China"sbio-technologyresearchanddevelopmenthavemadegreatprogress,nationalresearchandproductionequipmentofenterprisesorresearchinstituteshasdozensofhomes.China"sindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuelprototypeisformed,however,tobematureandrealizeindustrialization,youfirstneedtoovercomesomeconstraints,sometechnicalobstacles.Includesthemainworkingpartsoftheshortworkinglife,poorabilitytocoordinateequipmentsystems,runningunstable,andsoon.Also,duetothelackofeffectiveindustrialpractices,solidbiomassindustryisstillinitsinfancyinChina.Biomassfuelshapingtechnology,stableperformanceandlowpowerconsumptionofthedeviceisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassfuel,goodindustryandtheGovernment"ssupportandthenecessaryfundingisaprerequisiteforindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Tocompressbiomassbriquetteprocessingcost,youwillneedtoyieldpower,vulnerableperformanceandlowcost,laborcost,controlthreeaspects.Meanwhile,burningofbiomassisalsoontheindustry"scoretechnology,generally,becauseofbiomassfuelstoreplacecoal,canbeused,infact,duetobiomass19 Annualstrawconsumptionisabout300(15x20)milliontonsto450(15x30)milliontonnes.AroundeachplanttotownforcuringCenterstrawbriquettefactory,about30,curingeachstrawbriquettefactoryproductioncapacityof10,000tonsperyear,productionofmajorproductssupplypowerplantsandtherestasordinaryfuel.ChapterIII,sectionIindustryinvestmentanalysisinvestmentbenefitanalysis,industryprofitabilityindustrybenchmarkyieldto12%,morethanamoderatelevelofprofitability,havehigherprofitability.Secondly,solvency,withgoodprofitabilityand,hence,haveenoughliquidity.ThreebiomassenergyresourceinChina,industrygrowthprospectsareveryexperiencedandbrightprospectsfordevelopmentofbiomasspowergenerationindustry.Ononehand,thesownareaof1.8billionmuofcrops,theyearproduces700milliontonsofmatter.Apartfromthepartsusedinpapermakingandlivestockfeed,andtherestwillbedonefueluse.Theotherhand,China"scurrentforestareaofabout175millionhectares,theforestcoveragerateof18.21%,everyyearthroughnormalBushstumpingrejuvenation,forestthinning,hedgerowfruittreesandthecollectionofforestfelling,bucking,processingresidues,biomassresourcesavailableatabout800millionto1billiontons.TheoryofbiomassenergyresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincetherenewableenergylawcameintoeffectonJanuary1,2006,makingacompletesetofadministrativerulesandregulationsalsopromulgated.OnOctober4,2006oftheMinistryoftheinterimmeasuresfortheadministrationofspecialfundsforrenewableenergydevelopment,theapproachofspecialfundstosupportkey,applicationandapproval,financialmanagement,checkingandsupervisionofcomprehensiveprovisions.Theregulations:developmentofspecialfundsestablishedbythefinancialdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil,theuseofspecialfundsforthedevelopmentincludefreegrantsandsubsidizedloans,throughthecentralfinancialbudget.Accordingtotheroleofbiomassenergyandthecountry"sstatusquo,iscurrentlyfocusedonthedevelopmentoftheprojectareasfollows:(1)recentdevelopmentpriorities:biomassgasificationandgas,biomassgasificationpowergeneration,largebiogas,biomassdirectcombustionheating(2)medium-andlong-termdevelopmentprojects:heightofbiomassgasificationpowergenerationproject(BIG/CC),theproductionofhydrogenfrombiomasssuchasresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincethe变化处，应在出渣口捞取钻渣样品，洗净后收进专用袋内保存，标明土类和高程，以供确定终孔高程。⑼钻孔灌注桩在成孔过程中和终孔后，要对钻孔进行阶段性的成孔质量检查，用专用检孔器进行检验，有条件限制时可使用钢筋笼检孔器，检孔器外径比钢筋笼外径大10厘米，长度不得小于孔径的4倍。6、清孔钻孔达到图纸规定深度后，且成孔质量符合规范要求并经监理工程师批准，（检查孔深及孔径）。应立即进行清孔。清孔时孔内水位保持高出孔外水位1.5～2.0m。清孔时，应将附着于护筒壁的泥浆清洗干净，并将孔底钻渣及泥砂等沉淀物清除。清孔后从孔底部提出泥浆试样，其指标应符合规范要求，同时沉渣厚度不大于30mm，不得用加深孔底深度代替清孔。钻孔在终孔和清孔后，要对桩孔的孔径、孔深、垂直度进行检验，要符合设计要求。灌注水下砼前，应再次检查沉渣厚度，如不满足要求应借用导管进行二次清孔。7、钢筋笼制作及安放钢筋笼应在钢筋加工场分节制作，经自检和监理工程师检验合格后运至桩位安放。分节制作时，每节长度最大不宜超过22米，将各节段编号，以保证钢筋笼顺利有序吊装。本工程钢筋笼接长采用机械连接，应满足同一断面不超过50%的接头要求。在钢筋骨架上按设计要求焊上钢筋笼定位钢筋，或安装控制钢筋净保护层厚度的砼垫块。其沿桩长的间距不超过2m，横向圆周上不得少于4处。为使钢筋笼有足够的刚度以保证在运输及吊装过程中不发生变形，按设计每隔2米设置一道加强筋。Added.Finally,foreigninvestmentrisk,therearealsoopportunities.Financialcrisiscausedthestockandcorporatebondpricesplummeted,earlyChinesebanks"foreignexchangeassetsintheforeignexchangereservesinvestmentandlosses,butatpresenttheinternationalpricesofmanyfinancialassetsinalow,topromoteforeignmergersandacquisitionsinChinaandpromotingenterprise"goingout"diversifiedcooperation,activelyexploreoverseasresourcesandmarketsandopportunities.Meanwhile,inresponsetotheadverseimpactofworldeconomiccrisisonChina,theStateCouncilannounced10measurestoexpanddomesticdemandandpromotegrowthoverthenexttwoyearstheimplementationofthesemeasureswilltakeabout4trillionyuancentralbudgetsupport.The4trillionyuaninvestmenthasaninkling,transportation,forestry,waterconservancy,people"slivelihood,environmentalprotectionandotherareaswillbeskewed.IncreasedinvestmentwillplayasignificantroleinpromotingChina"seconomicgrowth,atthesametime,thereshouldbeotherpro-growthmeasuresrolledout.AseriesofpositivemeasuresbytheStateandfunctionof4trilliontheCentralTreasury,oureconomywillbesustained,stableandrapiddevelopmentgradually.SectionIImarketanalysisoftechnicalfeasibilityofbiomassfuelshapingtechnologyandequipmentisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Biomassbriquettingtechnologyreferstoacertaintemperatureandunderpressure,willbescatteredandvariousshapesofbiomassrawmaterialsintohighdensity,withavarietyoffuelstechnology.Biomassbriquettingequipmentincludingscrew-extrusionmoldingmachines,mechanicalpistonstampingformingmachine,ringdie-rollandhydraulicpistonstampingmoldingmachines.Mechanicalpistonformingandhydraulicpistonformingmachinetotalupproductionefficiencylowenergyhigh,formerofproductivitylow,actualproductivityin100-200kg,mainworkpartslifelownotforindustrializationproduction;whichmainworkpartslifelong,buthighestproductioncapacitylowerenergyhigh;fromtechnologyindexview,ringdierollpressuretypeformingmachineproductionratehighest,energylow,productscostlow,whiletechnologycontentalsohigh,forYuscaleproductionpromotion.Sinceinthe1980ofthe20thcentury,China"sbio-technologyresearchanddevelopmenthavemadegreatprogress,nationalresearchandproductionequipmentofenterprisesorresearchinstituteshasdozensofhomes.China"sindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuelprototypeisformed,however,tobematureandrealizeindustrialization,youfirstneedtoovercomesomeconstraints,sometechnicalobstacles.Includesthemainworkingpartsoftheshortworkinglife,poorabilitytocoordinateequipmentsystems,runningunstable,andsoon.Also,duetothelackofeffectiveindustrialpractices,solidbiomassindustryisstillinitsinfancyinChina.Biomassfuelshapingtechnology,stableperformanceandlowpowerconsumptionofthedeviceisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassfuel,goodindustryandtheGovernment"ssupportandthenecessaryfundingisaprerequisiteforindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Tocompressbiomassbriquetteprocessingcost,youwillneedtoyieldpower,vulnerableperformanceandlowcost,laborcost,controlthreeaspects.Meanwhile,burningofbiomassisalsoontheindustry"scoretechnology,generally,becauseofbiomassfuelstoreplacecoal,canbeused,infact,duetobiomass19 Annualstrawconsumptionisabout300(15x20)milliontonsto450(15x30)milliontonnes.AroundeachplanttotownforcuringCenterstrawbriquettefactory,about30,curingeachstrawbriquettefactoryproductioncapacityof10,000tonsperyear,productionofmajorproductssupplypowerplantsandtherestasordinaryfuel.ChapterIII,sectionIindustryinvestmentanalysisinvestmentbenefitanalysis,industryprofitabilityindustrybenchmarkyieldto12%,morethanamoderatelevelofprofitability,havehigherprofitability.Secondly,solvency,withgoodprofitabilityand,hence,haveenoughliquidity.ThreebiomassenergyresourceinChina,industrygrowthprospectsareveryexperiencedandbrightprospectsfordevelopmentofbiomasspowergenerationindustry.Ononehand,thesownareaof1.8billionmuofcrops,theyearproduces700milliontonsofmatter.Apartfromthepartsusedinpapermakingandlivestockfeed,andtherestwillbedonefueluse.Theotherhand,China"scurrentforestareaofabout175millionhectares,theforestcoveragerateof18.21%,everyyearthroughnormalBushstumpingrejuvenation,forestthinning,hedgerowfruittreesandthecollectionofforestfelling,bucking,processingresidues,biomassresourcesavailableatabout800millionto1billiontons.TheoryofbiomassenergyresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincetherenewableenergylawcameintoeffectonJanuary1,2006,makingacompletesetofadministrativerulesandregulationsalsopromulgated.OnOctober4,2006oftheMinistryoftheinterimmeasuresfortheadministrationofspecialfundsforrenewableenergydevelopment,theapproachofspecialfundstosupportkey,applicationandapproval,financialmanagement,checkingandsupervisionofcomprehensiveprovisions.Theregulations:developmentofspecialfundsestablishedbythefinancialdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil,theuseofspecialfundsforthedevelopmentincludefreegrantsandsubsidizedloans,throughthecentralfinancialbudget.Accordingtotheroleofbiomassenergyandthecountry"sstatusquo,iscurrentlyfocusedonthedevelopmentoftheprojectareasfollows:(1)recentdevelopmentpriorities:biomassgasificationandgas,biomassgasificationpowergeneration,largebiogas,biomassdirectcombustionheating(2)medium-andlong-termdevelopmentprojects:heightofbiomassgasificationpowergenerationproject(BIG/CC),theproductionofhydrogenfrombiomasssuchasresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincethe主筋与箍筋应采用梅花间隔焊，若用铁丝绑扎，则绑扎铁丝头必须在钢筋笼内，确保主筋保护层。钢筋笼应采用三点起吊，在孔口进行接长。主筋连接接头应按规定进行试验和抽检。钢筋笼下放前检查其垂直度，不满足要求时应及时调整，确保上、下节钢筋笼对接时，上下节中心线保持一致，钢筋笼安装到位后及时固定，在顶面采用在桩头钢筋、接长钢筋并与护筒或钻孔平台焊接固定，防止混凝土灌注过程中钢筋骨架偏位、上浮。钢筋骨架检查项目表项次检查项目规定值或允许偏差检查方法1主筋间距±20mm尺量2箍筋间距±10mm尺量3骨架外观±10mm尺量4骨架倾斜度±0.5%经纬仪检查5骨架保护层厚度±10mm尺量6骨架中心平面位置20mm经纬仪检查7骨架顶端高程±20mm水准仪检查8、导管安放水下混凝土一般采用钢导管灌注，导管采用内径为255—350mm并装有密封圈的螺纹连接导管，分节长0.5～3米，最下节长3-4米。导管在使用前组装编号，并进行水密承压和接头抗拉试验，确保导管的良好状态。Added.Finally,foreigninvestmentrisk,therearealsoopportunities.Financialcrisiscausedthestockandcorporatebondpricesplummeted,earlyChinesebanks"foreignexchangeassetsintheforeignexchangereservesinvestmentandlosses,butatpresenttheinternationalpricesofmanyfinancialassetsinalow,topromoteforeignmergersandacquisitionsinChinaandpromotingenterprise"goingout"diversifiedcooperation,activelyexploreoverseasresourcesandmarketsandopportunities.Meanwhile,inresponsetotheadverseimpactofworldeconomiccrisisonChina,theStateCouncilannounced10measurestoexpanddomesticdemandandpromotegrowthoverthenexttwoyearstheimplementationofthesemeasureswilltakeabout4trillionyuancentralbudgetsupport.The4trillionyuaninvestmenthasaninkling,transportation,forestry,waterconservancy,people"slivelihood,environmentalprotectionandotherareaswillbeskewed.IncreasedinvestmentwillplayasignificantroleinpromotingChina"seconomicgrowth,atthesametime,thereshouldbeotherpro-growthmeasuresrolledout.AseriesofpositivemeasuresbytheStateandfunctionof4trilliontheCentralTreasury,oureconomywillbesustained,stableandrapiddevelopmentgradually.SectionIImarketanalysisoftechnicalfeasibilityofbiomassfuelshapingtechnologyandequipmentisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Biomassbriquettingtechnologyreferstoacertaintemperatureandunderpressure,willbescatteredandvariousshapesofbiomassrawmaterialsintohighdensity,withavarietyoffuelstechnology.Biomassbriquettingequipmentincludingscrew-extrusionmoldingmachines,mechanicalpistonstampingformingmachine,ringdie-rollandhydraulicpistonstampingmoldingmachines.Mechanicalpistonformingandhydraulicpistonformingmachinetotalupproductionefficiencylowenergyhigh,formerofproductivitylow,actualproductivityin100-200kg,mainworkpartslifelownotforindustrializationproduction;whichmainworkpartslifelong,buthighestproductioncapacitylowerenergyhigh;fromtechnologyindexview,ringdierollpressuretypeformingmachineproductionratehighest,energylow,productscostlow,whiletechnologycontentalsohigh,forYuscaleproductionpromotion.Sinceinthe1980ofthe20thcentury,China"sbio-technologyresearchanddevelopmenthavemadegreatprogress,nationalresearchandproductionequipmentofenterprisesorresearchinstituteshasdozensofhomes.China"sindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuelprototypeisformed,however,tobematureandrealizeindustrialization,youfirstneedtoovercomesomeconstraints,sometechnicalobstacles.Includesthemainworkingpartsoftheshortworkinglife,poorabilitytocoordinateequipmentsystems,runningunstable,andsoon.Also,duetothelackofeffectiveindustrialpractices,solidbiomassindustryisstillinitsinfancyinChina.Biomassfuelshapingtechnology,stableperformanceandlowpowerconsumptionofthedeviceisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassfuel,goodindustryandtheGovernment"ssupportandthenecessaryfundingisaprerequisiteforindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Tocompressbiomassbriquetteprocessingcost,youwillneedtoyieldpower,vulnerableperformanceandlowcost,laborcost,controlthreeaspects.Meanwhile,burningofbiomassisalsoontheindustry"scoretechnology,generally,becauseofbiomassfuelstoreplacecoal,canbeused,infact,duetobiomass19 Annualstrawconsumptionisabout300(15x20)milliontonsto450(15x30)milliontonnes.AroundeachplanttotownforcuringCenterstrawbriquettefactory,about30,curingeachstrawbriquettefactoryproductioncapacityof10,000tonsperyear,productionofmajorproductssupplypowerplantsandtherestasordinaryfuel.ChapterIII,sectionIindustryinvestmentanalysisinvestmentbenefitanalysis,industryprofitabilityindustrybenchmarkyieldto12%,morethanamoderatelevelofprofitability,havehigherprofitability.Secondly,solvency,withgoodprofitabilityand,hence,haveenoughliquidity.ThreebiomassenergyresourceinChina,industrygrowthprospectsareveryexperiencedandbrightprospectsfordevelopmentofbiomasspowergenerationindustry.Ononehand,thesownareaof1.8billionmuofcrops,theyearproduces700milliontonsofmatter.Apartfromthepartsusedinpapermakingandlivestockfeed,andtherestwillbedonefueluse.Theotherhand,China"scurrentforestareaofabout175millionhectares,theforestcoveragerateof18.21%,everyyearthroughnormalBushstumpingrejuvenation,forestthinning,hedgerowfruittreesandthecollectionofforestfelling,bucking,processingresidues,biomassresourcesavailableatabout800millionto1billiontons.TheoryofbiomassenergyresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincetherenewableenergylawcameintoeffectonJanuary1,2006,makingacompletesetofadministrativerulesandregulationsalsopromulgated.OnOctober4,2006oftheMinistryoftheinterimmeasuresfortheadministrationofspecialfundsforrenewableenergydevelopment,theapproachofspecialfundstosupportkey,applicationandapproval,financialmanagement,checkingandsupervisionofcomprehensiveprovisions.Theregulations:developmentofspecialfundsestablishedbythefinancialdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil,theuseofspecialfundsforthedevelopmentincludefreegrantsandsubsidizedloans,throughthecentralfinancialbudget.Accordingtotheroleofbiomassenergyandthecountry"sstatusquo,iscurrentlyfocusedonthedevelopmentoftheprojectareasfollows:(1)recentdevelopmentpriorities:biomassgasificationandgas,biomassgasificationpowergeneration,largebiogas,biomassdirectcombustionheating(2)medium-andlong-termdevelopmentprojects:heightofbiomassgasificationpowergenerationproject(BIG/CC),theproductionofhydrogenfrombiomasssuchasresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincethe导管下放过程应保持其位置居中，轴线顺直，平稳沉放，防止卡挂钢筋笼和碰撞孔壁。导管安装时作好详细记录,以便浇注砼的过程中精确计算导管埋深。9、灌注水下混凝土（1）混凝土拌制运输桩基混凝土设计为C25水下灌注混凝土，混凝土须按经监理工程师批准后的混凝土配合比由拌合站集中拌制，由混凝土运输车运到施工现场。（2）混凝土灌注混凝土灌注前，要对桩孔进行二次清孔，使孔底沉渣厚度符合规定(≤3cm)。自检合格后，报请监理工程师检验，经监理工程师同意后，才能进行混凝土灌注施工。混凝土运至灌注现场后，先检查其和易性和坍落度(180～220mm)，如不符合要求，不得使用。灌注首批混凝土时，导管下口至孔底距离控制在25～40厘米，储料斗应保证灌混凝土后导管埋入混凝土的深度等于或大于1米及填充导管底部间隙的需要。（现场施工时承包人为了施工方便所加工的储料斗容积一般都小于理论计算初灌量，拔开储料斗隔水栓阀时易出现混凝土下不去的现象，承包人易采用提升储料斗及导管等措施使混凝土下落，使导管底离孔底的距离大大超过40㎝，易造成孔底沉渣不能全部被翻起。）混凝土灌注须连续进行。灌注过程中应经常用测锤探测孔内混凝土面的高度，及时调整导管埋深，导管埋深宜控制在2～6米。导管应缓慢提升，以避免导管挂撞钢筋笼。灌注砼时，指定专人填写水下混凝土灌注记录。为确保桩头质量，桩顶加灌1.0米高度以上水下混凝土，在承台施工时凿除。监理认证三、质量标准、质量检验1、钻孔桩孔质量标准Added.Finally,foreigninvestmentrisk,therearealsoopportunities.Financialcrisiscausedthestockandcorporatebondpricesplummeted,earlyChinesebanks"foreignexchangeassetsintheforeignexchangereservesinvestmentandlosses,butatpresenttheinternationalpricesofmanyfinancialassetsinalow,topromoteforeignmergersandacquisitionsinChinaandpromotingenterprise"goingout"diversifiedcooperation,activelyexploreoverseasresourcesandmarketsandopportunities.Meanwhile,inresponsetotheadverseimpactofworldeconomiccrisisonChina,theStateCouncilannounced10measurestoexpanddomesticdemandandpromotegrowthoverthenexttwoyearstheimplementationofthesemeasureswilltakeabout4trillionyuancentralbudgetsupport.The4trillionyuaninvestmenthasaninkling,transportation,forestry,waterconservancy,people"slivelihood,environmentalprotectionandotherareaswillbeskewed.IncreasedinvestmentwillplayasignificantroleinpromotingChina"seconomicgrowth,atthesametime,thereshouldbeotherpro-growthmeasuresrolledout.AseriesofpositivemeasuresbytheStateandfunctionof4trilliontheCentralTreasury,oureconomywillbesustained,stableandrapiddevelopmentgradually.SectionIImarketanalysisoftechnicalfeasibilityofbiomassfuelshapingtechnologyandequipmentisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Biomassbriquettingtechnologyreferstoacertaintemperatureandunderpressure,willbescatteredandvariousshapesofbiomassrawmaterialsintohighdensity,withavarietyoffuelstechnology.Biomassbriquettingequipmentincludingscrew-extrusionmoldingmachines,mechanicalpistonstampingformingmachine,ringdie-rollandhydraulicpistonstampingmoldingmachines.Mechanicalpistonformingandhydraulicpistonformingmachinetotalupproductionefficiencylowenergyhigh,formerofproductivitylow,actualproductivityin100-200kg,mainworkpartslifelownotforindustrializationproduction;whichmainworkpartslifelong,buthighestproductioncapacitylowerenergyhigh;fromtechnologyindexview,ringdierollpressuretypeformingmachineproductionratehighest,energylow,productscostlow,whiletechnologycontentalsohigh,forYuscaleproductionpromotion.Sinceinthe1980ofthe20thcentury,China"sbio-technologyresearchanddevelopmenthavemadegreatprogress,nationalresearchandproductionequipmentofenterprisesorresearchinstituteshasdozensofhomes.China"sindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuelprototypeisformed,however,tobematureandrealizeindustrialization,youfirstneedtoovercomesomeconstraints,sometechnicalobstacles.Includesthemainworkingpartsoftheshortworkinglife,poorabilitytocoordinateequipmentsystems,runningunstable,andsoon.Also,duetothelackofeffectiveindustrialpractices,solidbiomassindustryisstillinitsinfancyinChina.Biomassfuelshapingtechnology,stableperformanceandlowpowerconsumptionofthedeviceisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassfuel,goodindustryandtheGovernment"ssupportandthenecessaryfundingisaprerequisiteforindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Tocompressbiomassbriquetteprocessingcost,youwillneedtoyieldpower,vulnerableperformanceandlowcost,laborcost,controlthreeaspects.Meanwhile,burningofbiomassisalsoontheindustry"scoretechnology,generally,becauseofbiomassfuelstoreplacecoal,canbeused,infact,duetobiomass19 Annualstrawconsumptionisabout300(15x20)milliontonsto450(15x30)milliontonnes.AroundeachplanttotownforcuringCenterstrawbriquettefactory,about30,curingeachstrawbriquettefactoryproductioncapacityof10,000tonsperyear,productionofmajorproductssupplypowerplantsandtherestasordinaryfuel.ChapterIII,sectionIindustryinvestmentanalysisinvestmentbenefitanalysis,industryprofitabilityindustrybenchmarkyieldto12%,morethanamoderatelevelofprofitability,havehigherprofitability.Secondly,solvency,withgoodprofitabilityand,hence,haveenoughliquidity.ThreebiomassenergyresourceinChina,industrygrowthprospectsareveryexperiencedandbrightprospectsfordevelopmentofbiomasspowergenerationindustry.Ononehand,thesownareaof1.8billionmuofcrops,theyearproduces700milliontonsofmatter.Apartfromthepartsusedinpapermakingandlivestockfeed,andtherestwillbedonefueluse.Theotherhand,China"scurrentforestareaofabout175millionhectares,theforestcoveragerateof18.21%,everyyearthroughnormalBushstumpingrejuvenation,forestthinning,hedgerowfruittreesandthecollectionofforestfelling,bucking,processingresidues,biomassresourcesavailableatabout800millionto1billiontons.TheoryofbiomassenergyresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincetherenewableenergylawcameintoeffectonJanuary1,2006,makingacompletesetofadministrativerulesandregulationsalsopromulgated.OnOctober4,2006oftheMinistryoftheinterimmeasuresfortheadministrationofspecialfundsforrenewableenergydevelopment,theapproachofspecialfundstosupportkey,applicationandapproval,financialmanagement,checkingandsupervisionofcomprehensiveprovisions.Theregulations:developmentofspecialfundsestablishedbythefinancialdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil,theuseofspecialfundsforthedevelopmentincludefreegrantsandsubsidizedloans,throughthecentralfinancialbudget.Accordingtotheroleofbiomassenergyandthecountry"sstatusquo,iscurrentlyfocusedonthedevelopmentoftheprojectareasfollows:(1)recentdevelopmentpriorities:biomassgasificationandgas,biomassgasificationpowergeneration,largebiogas,biomassdirectcombustionheating(2)medium-andlong-termdevelopmentprojects:heightofbiomassgasificationpowergenerationproject(BIG/CC),theproductionofhydrogenfrombiomasssuchasresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincethe序号检查项目规定值或允许偏差检查方法和频率1混凝土强度（Mpa）在合格标准内按JTJ071-98附录D检查2孔的中心位置（mm）群桩100用GPS、经纬仪检查纵、横方向排桩503孔径不小于设计桩径查灌注前记录4倾斜度1%查灌注前记录5孔深符合图纸要求查灌注前记录6沉淀层厚度(mm)磨擦桩150查灌注前记录7清孔后泥浆指标相对密度1．03～1.10查清孔资料粘度17～22含砂率<2%胶体率>98%注:1)清孔后的泥浆指标，是从桩孔的顶、中、底部分别取样检验的平均值。本项指标的测定限指大直径桩或有特定要求的钻孔桩。（有特定要求的钻孔桩一般指孔内有承压水、遇透水性很强的地层易坍孔、孔深超过50米、柱桩等对泥浆有特定要求的钻孔桩。）2)经检验确认成孔满足要求后，应立即填写成孔检查单，经监理工程师签认，方可进行下道工序工作。2、质量检验（1）混凝土质量要符合混凝土结构施工质量验收评定标准。混凝土强度试件每根钻孔桩至少制取2-4组。（2）成桩后由业主委托的检测单位对每根钻孔桩检测桩的完整性。（3）Added.Finally,foreigninvestmentrisk,therearealsoopportunities.Financialcrisiscausedthestockandcorporatebondpricesplummeted,earlyChinesebanks"foreignexchangeassetsintheforeignexchangereservesinvestmentandlosses,butatpresenttheinternationalpricesofmanyfinancialassetsinalow,topromoteforeignmergersandacquisitionsinChinaandpromotingenterprise"goingout"diversifiedcooperation,activelyexploreoverseasresourcesandmarketsandopportunities.Meanwhile,inresponsetotheadverseimpactofworldeconomiccrisisonChina,theStateCouncilannounced10measurestoexpanddomesticdemandandpromotegrowthoverthenexttwoyearstheimplementationofthesemeasureswilltakeabout4trillionyuancentralbudgetsupport.The4trillionyuaninvestmenthasaninkling,transportation,forestry,waterconservancy,people"slivelihood,environmentalprotectionandotherareaswillbeskewed.IncreasedinvestmentwillplayasignificantroleinpromotingChina"seconomicgrowth,atthesametime,thereshouldbeotherpro-growthmeasuresrolledout.AseriesofpositivemeasuresbytheStateandfunctionof4trilliontheCentralTreasury,oureconomywillbesustained,stableandrapiddevelopmentgradually.SectionIImarketanalysisoftechnicalfeasibilityofbiomassfuelshapingtechnologyandequipmentisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Biomassbriquettingtechnologyreferstoacertaintemperatureandunderpressure,willbescatteredandvariousshapesofbiomassrawmaterialsintohighdensity,withavarietyoffuelstechnology.Biomassbriquettingequipmentincludingscrew-extrusionmoldingmachines,mechanicalpistonstampingformingmachine,ringdie-rollandhydraulicpistonstampingmoldingmachines.Mechanicalpistonformingandhydraulicpistonformingmachinetotalupproductionefficiencylowenergyhigh,formerofproductivitylow,actualproductivityin100-200kg,mainworkpartslifelownotforindustrializationproduction;whichmainworkpartslifelong,buthighestproductioncapacitylowerenergyhigh;fromtechnologyindexview,ringdierollpressuretypeformingmachineproductionratehighest,energylow,productscostlow,whiletechnologycontentalsohigh,forYuscaleproductionpromotion.Sinceinthe1980ofthe20thcentury,China"sbio-technologyresearchanddevelopmenthavemadegreatprogress,nationalresearchandproductionequipmentofenterprisesorresearchinstituteshasdozensofhomes.China"sindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuelprototypeisformed,however,tobematureandrealizeindustrialization,youfirstneedtoovercomesomeconstraints,sometechnicalobstacles.Includesthemainworkingpartsoftheshortworkinglife,poorabilitytocoordinateequipmentsystems,runningunstable,andsoon.Also,duetothelackofeffectiveindustrialpractices,solidbiomassindustryisstillinitsinfancyinChina.Biomassfuelshapingtechnology,stableperformanceandlowpowerconsumptionofthedeviceisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassfuel,goodindustryandtheGovernment"ssupportandthenecessaryfundingisaprerequisiteforindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Tocompressbiomassbriquetteprocessingcost,youwillneedtoyieldpower,vulnerableperformanceandlowcost,laborcost,controlthreeaspects.Meanwhile,burningofbiomassisalsoontheindustry"scoretechnology,generally,becauseofbiomassfuelstoreplacecoal,canbeused,infact,duetobiomass19 Annualstrawconsumptionisabout300(15x20)milliontonsto450(15x30)milliontonnes.AroundeachplanttotownforcuringCenterstrawbriquettefactory,about30,curingeachstrawbriquettefactoryproductioncapacityof10,000tonsperyear,productionofmajorproductssupplypowerplantsandtherestasordinaryfuel.ChapterIII,sectionIindustryinvestmentanalysisinvestmentbenefitanalysis,industryprofitabilityindustrybenchmarkyieldto12%,morethanamoderatelevelofprofitability,havehigherprofitability.Secondly,solvency,withgoodprofitabilityand,hence,haveenoughliquidity.ThreebiomassenergyresourceinChina,industrygrowthprospectsareveryexperiencedandbrightprospectsfordevelopmentofbiomasspowergenerationindustry.Ononehand,thesownareaof1.8billionmuofcrops,theyearproduces700milliontonsofmatter.Apartfromthepartsusedinpapermakingandlivestockfeed,andtherestwillbedonefueluse.Theotherhand,China"scurrentforestareaofabout175millionhectares,theforestcoveragerateof18.21%,everyyearthroughnormalBushstumpingrejuvenation,forestthinning,hedgerowfruittreesandthecollectionofforestfelling,bucking,processingresidues,biomassresourcesavailableatabout800millionto1billiontons.TheoryofbiomassenergyresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincetherenewableenergylawcameintoeffectonJanuary1,2006,makingacompletesetofadministrativerulesandregulationsalsopromulgated.OnOctober4,2006oftheMinistryoftheinterimmeasuresfortheadministrationofspecialfundsforrenewableenergydevelopment,theapproachofspecialfundstosupportkey,applicationandapproval,financialmanagement,checkingandsupervisionofcomprehensiveprovisions.Theregulations:developmentofspecialfundsestablishedbythefinancialdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil,theuseofspecialfundsforthedevelopmentincludefreegrantsandsubsidizedloans,throughthecentralfinancialbudget.Accordingtotheroleofbiomassenergyandthecountry"sstatusquo,iscurrentlyfocusedonthedevelopmentoftheprojectareasfollows:(1)recentdevelopmentpriorities:biomassgasificationandgas,biomassgasificationpowergeneration,largebiogas,biomassdirectcombustionheating(2)medium-andlong-termdevelopmentprojects:heightofbiomassgasificationpowergenerationproject(BIG/CC),theproductionofhydrogenfrombiomasssuchasresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincethe对经检测不符合规定要求的缺陷桩，按监理工程师认可的补救措施进行补救或予以废弃。对于废弃的桩，要作出详细的补救方案，报监理工程师，并按监理工程师批准后的方案实施。六、水下混凝土本工程钻孔灌注桩混凝土强度等级为C25。（一）混凝土原材料1、水泥采用质量稳定、需水量低、流动性好、活性较高的硅酸盐水泥，水泥中氯离子含量低于胶凝材料重的0.1%。水泥中铝酸钙含量不应超过8%，水泥细度不宜超过350平方米/公斤，宜采用硅酸二钙含量较高而水化热较低的硅酸盐类水泥。每批水泥进场时，应向监理工程师提供清单，说明厂商名称、水泥种类及数量、厂商的质量保证资料等，同时按规范要求，进行取样检验，检验成果及时报送监理工程师，经监理工程师批准后方可使用。2、粗骨料粗骨料选用质地坚硬、致密、强度高、级配良好、洁净的的碎石或经破碎符合设计要求的卵石，压碎指标、最大粒径应符合设计及规范要求。3、细集料细集料采用洁净、坚硬、耐风化、级配良好的中粗砂。（二）、混凝土拌和混凝土Added.Finally,foreigninvestmentrisk,therearealsoopportunities.Financialcrisiscausedthestockandcorporatebondpricesplummeted,earlyChinesebanks"foreignexchangeassetsintheforeignexchangereservesinvestmentandlosses,butatpresenttheinternationalpricesofmanyfinancialassetsinalow,topromoteforeignmergersandacquisitionsinChinaandpromotingenterprise"goingout"diversifiedcooperation,activelyexploreoverseasresourcesandmarketsandopportunities.Meanwhile,inresponsetotheadverseimpactofworldeconomiccrisisonChina,theStateCouncilannounced10measurestoexpanddomesticdemandandpromotegrowthoverthenexttwoyearstheimplementationofthesemeasureswilltakeabout4trillionyuancentralbudgetsupport.The4trillionyuaninvestmenthasaninkling,transportation,forestry,waterconservancy,people"slivelihood,environmentalprotectionandotherareaswillbeskewed.IncreasedinvestmentwillplayasignificantroleinpromotingChina"seconomicgrowth,atthesametime,thereshouldbeotherpro-growthmeasuresrolledout.AseriesofpositivemeasuresbytheStateandfunctionof4trilliontheCentralTreasury,oureconomywillbesustained,stableandrapiddevelopmentgradually.SectionIImarketanalysisoftechnicalfeasibilityofbiomassfuelshapingtechnologyandequipmentisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Biomassbriquettingtechnologyreferstoacertaintemperatureandunderpressure,willbescatteredandvariousshapesofbiomassrawmaterialsintohighdensity,withavarietyoffuelstechnology.Biomassbriquettingequipmentincludingscrew-extrusionmoldingmachines,mechanicalpistonstampingformingmachine,ringdie-rollandhydraulicpistonstampingmoldingmachines.Mechanicalpistonformingandhydraulicpistonformingmachinetotalupproductionefficiencylowenergyhigh,formerofproductivitylow,actualproductivityin100-200kg,mainworkpartslifelownotforindustrializationproduction;whichmainworkpartslifelong,buthighestproductioncapacitylowerenergyhigh;fromtechnologyindexview,ringdierollpressuretypeformingmachineproductionratehighest,energylow,productscostlow,whiletechnologycontentalsohigh,forYuscaleproductionpromotion.Sinceinthe1980ofthe20thcentury,China"sbio-technologyresearchanddevelopmenthavemadegreatprogress,nationalresearchandproductionequipmentofenterprisesorresearchinstituteshasdozensofhomes.China"sindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuelprototypeisformed,however,tobematureandrealizeindustrialization,youfirstneedtoovercomesomeconstraints,sometechnicalobstacles.Includesthemainworkingpartsoftheshortworkinglife,poorabilitytocoordinateequipmentsystems,runningunstable,andsoon.Also,duetothelackofeffectiveindustrialpractices,solidbiomassindustryisstillinitsinfancyinChina.Biomassfuelshapingtechnology,stableperformanceandlowpowerconsumptionofthedeviceisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassfuel,goodindustryandtheGovernment"ssupportandthenecessaryfundingisaprerequisiteforindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Tocompressbiomassbriquetteprocessingcost,youwillneedtoyieldpower,vulnerableperformanceandlowcost,laborcost,controlthreeaspects.Meanwhile,burningofbiomassisalsoontheindustry"scoretechnology,generally,becauseofbiomassfuelstoreplacecoal,canbeused,infact,duetobiomass19 Annualstrawconsumptionisabout300(15x20)milliontonsto450(15x30)milliontonnes.AroundeachplanttotownforcuringCenterstrawbriquettefactory,about30,curingeachstrawbriquettefactoryproductioncapacityof10,000tonsperyear,productionofmajorproductssupplypowerplantsandtherestasordinaryfuel.ChapterIII,sectionIindustryinvestmentanalysisinvestmentbenefitanalysis,industryprofitabilityindustrybenchmarkyieldto12%,morethanamoderatelevelofprofitability,havehigherprofitability.Secondly,solvency,withgoodprofitabilityand,hence,haveenoughliquidity.ThreebiomassenergyresourceinChina,industrygrowthprospectsareveryexperiencedandbrightprospectsfordevelopmentofbiomasspowergenerationindustry.Ononehand,thesownareaof1.8billionmuofcrops,theyearproduces700milliontonsofmatter.Apartfromthepartsusedinpapermakingandlivestockfeed,andtherestwillbedonefueluse.Theotherhand,China"scurrentforestareaofabout175millionhectares,theforestcoveragerateof18.21%,everyyearthroughnormalBushstumpingrejuvenation,forestthinning,hedgerowfruittreesandthecollectionofforestfelling,bucking,processingresidues,biomassresourcesavailableatabout800millionto1billiontons.TheoryofbiomassenergyresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincetherenewableenergylawcameintoeffectonJanuary1,2006,makingacompletesetofadministrativerulesandregulationsalsopromulgated.OnOctober4,2006oftheMinistryoftheinterimmeasuresfortheadministrationofspecialfundsforrenewableenergydevelopment,theapproachofspecialfundstosupportkey,applicationandapproval,financialmanagement,checkingandsupervisionofcomprehensiveprovisions.Theregulations:developmentofspecialfundsestablishedbythefinancialdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil,theuseofspecialfundsforthedevelopmentincludefreegrantsandsubsidizedloans,throughthecentralfinancialbudget.Accordingtotheroleofbiomassenergyandthecountry"sstatusquo,iscurrentlyfocusedonthedevelopmentoftheprojectareasfollows:(1)recentdevelopmentpriorities:biomassgasificationandgas,biomassgasificationpowergeneration,largebiogas,biomassdirectcombustionheating(2)medium-andlong-termdevelopmentprojects:heightofbiomassgasificationpowergenerationproject(BIG/CC),theproductionofhydrogenfrombiomasssuchasresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincethe在拌合站集中拌和，使用经过计量标定并经监理工程师批准的搅拌设备，搅拌设备能自动控制混合料配合比、水灰比、进料、出料、拌合时间等。1、原材料的称量所有混凝土材料，除水可按体积称量外，其余均按重量称量。细、粗集料称量的允许偏差为±1%；水、水泥、外加剂的允许偏差为±0.5%。拌合前检查称量和配水机械装置，确保其维持在良好状态，并按实际的施工配合比对配料装置进行标定。2、拌和1）在每次拌和混凝土前按批准的配合比，实测集料的含水量，并在用水量中扣除，提出施工配合比。2）混凝土按工程施工时需用的数量拌和。已初凝的混凝土不得使用，不允许用加水或其他办法变更混凝土的稠度。3）搅拌设备及时检查，始终保持良好的状况，搅拌筒的转动速度，应按设备上标出的速度操作，混凝土所有材料进搅拌筒到混凝土从搅拌筒排出的最短连续拌合时间不得少于2.5min。4）混凝土拌和时，必须将各种组合材料搅拌成分布均匀、颜色一致的混合物。5）每盘混凝土拌和料的体积不超过搅拌筒标出的额定容量的10%。6）在水泥和集料进筒前，先加一部分拌和用水，并在搅拌的最初15s内将水全部均匀注入筒中。筒的入口须做到无材料积结。7）搅拌筒拌和的第一盘混凝土粗集料数量只能用到标准数量的2/3。8）在下盘材料装入前，搅拌筒内的拌和料应做到全部倒光。搅拌设备停用超过30min时，将搅拌筒彻底清洗才能拌和新混凝土。如改变水泥类型或拌制不同砼时，则彻底清洗搅拌设备。Added.Finally,foreigninvestmentrisk,therearealsoopportunities.Financialcrisiscausedthestockandcorporatebondpricesplummeted,earlyChinesebanks"foreignexchangeassetsintheforeignexchangereservesinvestmentandlosses,butatpresenttheinternationalpricesofmanyfinancialassetsinalow,topromoteforeignmergersandacquisitionsinChinaandpromotingenterprise"goingout"diversifiedcooperation,activelyexploreoverseasresourcesandmarketsandopportunities.Meanwhile,inresponsetotheadverseimpactofworldeconomiccrisisonChina,theStateCouncilannounced10measurestoexpanddomesticdemandandpromotegrowthoverthenexttwoyearstheimplementationofthesemeasureswilltakeabout4trillionyuancentralbudgetsupport.The4trillionyuaninvestmenthasaninkling,transportation,forestry,waterconservancy,people"slivelihood,environmentalprotectionandotherareaswillbeskewed.IncreasedinvestmentwillplayasignificantroleinpromotingChina"seconomicgrowth,atthesametime,thereshouldbeotherpro-growthmeasuresrolledout.AseriesofpositivemeasuresbytheStateandfunctionof4trilliontheCentralTreasury,oureconomywillbesustained,stableandrapiddevelopmentgradually.SectionIImarketanalysisoftechnicalfeasibilityofbiomassfuelshapingtechnologyandequipmentisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Biomassbriquettingtechnologyreferstoacertaintemperatureandunderpressure,willbescatteredandvariousshapesofbiomassrawmaterialsintohighdensity,withavarietyoffuelstechnology.Biomassbriquettingequipmentincludingscrew-extrusionmoldingmachines,mechanicalpistonstampingformingmachine,ringdie-rollandhydraulicpistonstampingmoldingmachines.Mechanicalpistonformingandhydraulicpistonformingmachinetotalupproductionefficiencylowenergyhigh,formerofproductivitylow,actualproductivityin100-200kg,mainworkpartslifelownotforindustrializationproduction;whichmainworkpartslifelong,buthighestproductioncapacitylowerenergyhigh;fromtechnologyindexview,ringdierollpressuretypeformingmachineproductionratehighest,energylow,productscostlow,whiletechnologycontentalsohigh,forYuscaleproductionpromotion.Sinceinthe1980ofthe20thcentury,China"sbio-technologyresearchanddevelopmenthavemadegreatprogress,nationalresearchandproductionequipmentofenterprisesorresearchinstituteshasdozensofhomes.China"sindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuelprototypeisformed,however,tobematureandrealizeindustrialization,youfirstneedtoovercomesomeconstraints,sometechnicalobstacles.Includesthemainworkingpartsoftheshortworkinglife,poorabilitytocoordinateequipmentsystems,runningunstable,andsoon.Also,duetothelackofeffectiveindustrialpractices,solidbiomassindustryisstillinitsinfancyinChina.Biomassfuelshapingtechnology,stableperformanceandlowpowerconsumptionofthedeviceisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassfuel,goodindustryandtheGovernment"ssupportandthenecessaryfundingisaprerequisiteforindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Tocompressbiomassbriquetteprocessingcost,youwillneedtoyieldpower,vulnerableperformanceandlowcost,laborcost,controlthreeaspects.Meanwhile,burningofbiomassisalsoontheindustry"scoretechnology,generally,becauseofbiomassfuelstoreplacecoal,canbeused,infact,duetobiomass19 Annualstrawconsumptionisabout300(15x20)milliontonsto450(15x30)milliontonnes.AroundeachplanttotownforcuringCenterstrawbriquettefactory,about30,curingeachstrawbriquettefactoryproductioncapacityof10,000tonsperyear,productionofmajorproductssupplypowerplantsandtherestasordinaryfuel.ChapterIII,sectionIindustryinvestmentanalysisinvestmentbenefitanalysis,industryprofitabilityindustrybenchmarkyieldto12%,morethanamoderatelevelofprofitability,havehigherprofitability.Secondly,solvency,withgoodprofitabilityand,hence,haveenoughliquidity.ThreebiomassenergyresourceinChina,industrygrowthprospectsareveryexperiencedandbrightprospectsfordevelopmentofbiomasspowergenerationindustry.Ononehand,thesownareaof1.8billionmuofcrops,theyearproduces700milliontonsofmatter.Apartfromthepartsusedinpapermakingandlivestockfeed,andtherestwillbedonefueluse.Theotherhand,China"scurrentforestareaofabout175millionhectares,theforestcoveragerateof18.21%,everyyearthroughnormalBushstumpingrejuvenation,forestthinning,hedgerowfruittreesandthecollectionofforestfelling,bucking,processingresidues,biomassresourcesavailableatabout800millionto1billiontons.TheoryofbiomassenergyresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincetherenewableenergylawcameintoeffectonJanuary1,2006,makingacompletesetofadministrativerulesandregulationsalsopromulgated.OnOctober4,2006oftheMinistryoftheinterimmeasuresfortheadministrationofspecialfundsforrenewableenergydevelopment,theapproachofspecialfundstosupportkey,applicationandapproval,financialmanagement,checkingandsupervisionofcomprehensiveprovisions.Theregulations:developmentofspecialfundsestablishedbythefinancialdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil,theuseofspecialfundsforthedevelopmentincludefreegrantsandsubsidizedloans,throughthecentralfinancialbudget.Accordingtotheroleofbiomassenergyandthecountry"sstatusquo,iscurrentlyfocusedonthedevelopmentoftheprojectareasfollows:(1)recentdevelopmentpriorities:biomassgasificationandgas,biomassgasificationpowergeneration,largebiogas,biomassdirectcombustionheating(2)medium-andlong-termdevelopmentprojects:heightofbiomassgasificationpowergenerationproject(BIG/CC),theproductionofhydrogenfrombiomasssuchasresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincethe9）为保障施工工作的顺利进行，组建一座由2台HZS120型砼拌和楼组成的砼搅拌站，负责全段混凝土拌制。3、砼的冬、夏期施工砼的冬、夏期施工按冬夏期砼施工作业指导书进行。（三）混凝土的运输混凝土运输采用8m3混凝土运输车运输，混凝土运输到现场进行浇灌，混凝土运输时间不超过下表的规定。混凝土运输时间限制（min）气温（℃）有搅拌运输20～306010～20755～1090七、质量保证应注意的问题1、在桩基中心点放样时，护桩的入土深度足够，一般取≥30cm，并用砼对护桩周边进行稳固，确保护桩在整个钻进过程不出现移动。2、护筒埋设时，严格控制其垂直度和中心位置在规范允许范围垂直度≤1%，中心偏位≤10cm。3、采取挖埋护筒法埋设护筒时，应将护筒周围0.5～1.0m范围的土挖除，夯填粘性土。护筒的埋置深度要求≥3m。Added.Finally,foreigninvestmentrisk,therearealsoopportunities.Financialcrisiscausedthestockandcorporatebondpricesplummeted,earlyChinesebanks"foreignexchangeassetsintheforeignexchangereservesinvestmentandlosses,butatpresenttheinternationalpricesofmanyfinancialassetsinalow,topromoteforeignmergersandacquisitionsinChinaandpromotingenterprise"goingout"diversifiedcooperation,activelyexploreoverseasresourcesandmarketsandopportunities.Meanwhile,inresponsetotheadverseimpactofworldeconomiccrisisonChina,theStateCouncilannounced10measurestoexpanddomesticdemandandpromotegrowthoverthenexttwoyearstheimplementationofthesemeasureswilltakeabout4trillionyuancentralbudgetsupport.The4trillionyuaninvestmenthasaninkling,transportation,forestry,waterconservancy,people"slivelihood,environmentalprotectionandotherareaswillbeskewed.IncreasedinvestmentwillplayasignificantroleinpromotingChina"seconomicgrowth,atthesametime,thereshouldbeotherpro-growthmeasuresrolledout.AseriesofpositivemeasuresbytheStateandfunctionof4trilliontheCentralTreasury,oureconomywillbesustained,stableandrapiddevelopmentgradually.SectionIImarketanalysisoftechnicalfeasibilityofbiomassfuelshapingtechnologyandequipmentisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Biomassbriquettingtechnologyreferstoacertaintemperatureandunderpressure,willbescatteredandvariousshapesofbiomassrawmaterialsintohighdensity,withavarietyoffuelstechnology.Biomassbriquettingequipmentincludingscrew-extrusionmoldingmachines,mechanicalpistonstampingformingmachine,ringdie-rollandhydraulicpistonstampingmoldingmachines.Mechanicalpistonformingandhydraulicpistonformingmachinetotalupproductionefficiencylowenergyhigh,formerofproductivitylow,actualproductivityin100-200kg,mainworkpartslifelownotforindustrializationproduction;whichmainworkpartslifelong,buthighestproductioncapacitylowerenergyhigh;fromtechnologyindexview,ringdierollpressuretypeformingmachineproductionratehighest,energylow,productscostlow,whiletechnologycontentalsohigh,forYuscaleproductionpromotion.Sinceinthe1980ofthe20thcentury,China"sbio-technologyresearchanddevelopmenthavemadegreatprogress,nationalresearchandproductionequipmentofenterprisesorresearchinstituteshasdozensofhomes.China"sindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuelprototypeisformed,however,tobematureandrealizeindustrialization,youfirstneedtoovercomesomeconstraints,sometechnicalobstacles.Includesthemainworkingpartsoftheshortworkinglife,poorabilitytocoordinateequipmentsystems,runningunstable,andsoon.Also,duetothelackofeffectiveindustrialpractices,solidbiomassindustryisstillinitsinfancyinChina.Biomassfuelshapingtechnology,stableperformanceandlowpowerconsumptionofthedeviceisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassfuel,goodindustryandtheGovernment"ssupportandthenecessaryfundingisaprerequisiteforindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Tocompressbiomassbriquetteprocessingcost,youwillneedtoyieldpower,vulnerableperformanceandlowcost,laborcost,controlthreeaspects.Meanwhile,burningofbiomassisalsoontheindustry"scoretechnology,generally,becauseofbiomassfuelstoreplacecoal,canbeused,infact,duetobiomass19 Annualstrawconsumptionisabout300(15x20)milliontonsto450(15x30)milliontonnes.AroundeachplanttotownforcuringCenterstrawbriquettefactory,about30,curingeachstrawbriquettefactoryproductioncapacityof10,000tonsperyear,productionofmajorproductssupplypowerplantsandtherestasordinaryfuel.ChapterIII,sectionIindustryinvestmentanalysisinvestmentbenefitanalysis,industryprofitabilityindustrybenchmarkyieldto12%,morethanamoderatelevelofprofitability,havehigherprofitability.Secondly,solvency,withgoodprofitabilityand,hence,haveenoughliquidity.ThreebiomassenergyresourceinChina,industrygrowthprospectsareveryexperiencedandbrightprospectsfordevelopmentofbiomasspowergenerationindustry.Ononehand,thesownareaof1.8billionmuofcrops,theyearproduces700milliontonsofmatter.Apartfromthepartsusedinpapermakingandlivestockfeed,andtherestwillbedonefueluse.Theotherhand,China"scurrentforestareaofabout175millionhectares,theforestcoveragerateof18.21%,everyyearthroughnormalBushstumpingrejuvenation,forestthinning,hedgerowfruittreesandthecollectionofforestfelling,bucking,processingresidues,biomassresourcesavailableatabout800millionto1billiontons.TheoryofbiomassenergyresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincetherenewableenergylawcameintoeffectonJanuary1,2006,makingacompletesetofadministrativerulesandregulationsalsopromulgated.OnOctober4,2006oftheMinistryoftheinterimmeasuresfortheadministrationofspecialfundsforrenewableenergydevelopment,theapproachofspecialfundstosupportkey,applicationandapproval,financialmanagement,checkingandsupervisionofcomprehensiveprovisions.Theregulations:developmentofspecialfundsestablishedbythefinancialdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil,theuseofspecialfundsforthedevelopmentincludefreegrantsandsubsidizedloans,throughthecentralfinancialbudget.Accordingtotheroleofbiomassenergyandthecountry"sstatusquo,iscurrentlyfocusedonthedevelopmentoftheprojectareasfollows:(1)recentdevelopmentpriorities:biomassgasificationandgas,biomassgasificationpowergeneration,largebiogas,biomassdirectcombustionheating(2)medium-andlong-termdevelopmentprojects:heightofbiomassgasificationpowergenerationproject(BIG/CC),theproductionofhydrogenfrombiomasssuchasresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincethe4、在桩基钻进过程中，应经常检查护筒的中心及顶标高，发现问题及时处理。5、钻机钻盘中心与水平应由专人每2～4小时检查一次，发现问题及时处理。6、钻机钻进速度应严格按照施工工艺要求进行，针对不同的地层采用不同的钻进速度，保证成孔质量。7、钻孔过程中，应严格控制钻孔泥浆的性能指标，每班至少检查3次，以便及时调整泥浆性能。8、桩基钢筋笼加工时，应严格规范操作，对钢筋焊接施工应由技术熟练的工人操作，确保施工质量。9、钢筋笼定位时，先根据护桩放样出桩位中心线，复测护筒各测量点距桩位中心的距离，根据测得的数据在钢筋笼顶部设置定位钢筋。10、清孔时，应严格控制泥浆性能，保证泥浆的比重、粘度、含砂率均满足施工要求，使后续工序的水下砼灌注顺利。11、下放水下砼浇注导管时，应有专人记录其长度、节数，避免出错。12、浇注砼过程中，应及时量测孔内砼顶面距基准面的距离，控制导管埋深。13、每车砼到现场时，由现场试验人员现场试验对砼的性能进行判定，严禁不合格砼灌入孔内，造成可能断桩的质量隐患。14、在砼浇注后期，应严格控制砼顶标高，避免桩顶砼超浇不够或超浇过多。15、在砼初凝前，利用吊车配合振动锤拔除护筒，在拔除过程中严格控制其垂直度，防止破坏桩头。16、在后续工序施工过程中，应对桩基成品进行保护，严禁破坏桩头声测管、钢筋。Added.Finally,foreigninvestmentrisk,therearealsoopportunities.Financialcrisiscausedthestockandcorporatebondpricesplummeted,earlyChinesebanks"foreignexchangeassetsintheforeignexchangereservesinvestmentandlosses,butatpresenttheinternationalpricesofmanyfinancialassetsinalow,topromoteforeignmergersandacquisitionsinChinaandpromotingenterprise"goingout"diversifiedcooperation,activelyexploreoverseasresourcesandmarketsandopportunities.Meanwhile,inresponsetotheadverseimpactofworldeconomiccrisisonChina,theStateCouncilannounced10measurestoexpanddomesticdemandandpromotegrowthoverthenexttwoyearstheimplementationofthesemeasureswilltakeabout4trillionyuancentralbudgetsupport.The4trillionyuaninvestmenthasaninkling,transportation,forestry,waterconservancy,people"slivelihood,environmentalprotectionandotherareaswillbeskewed.IncreasedinvestmentwillplayasignificantroleinpromotingChina"seconomicgrowth,atthesametime,thereshouldbeotherpro-growthmeasuresrolledout.AseriesofpositivemeasuresbytheStateandfunctionof4trilliontheCentralTreasury,oureconomywillbesustained,stableandrapiddevelopmentgradually.SectionIImarketanalysisoftechnicalfeasibilityofbiomassfuelshapingtechnologyandequipmentisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Biomassbriquettingtechnologyreferstoacertaintemperatureandunderpressure,willbescatteredandvariousshapesofbiomassrawmaterialsintohighdensity,withavarietyoffuelstechnology.Biomassbriquettingequipmentincludingscrew-extrusionmoldingmachines,mechanicalpistonstampingformingmachine,ringdie-rollandhydraulicpistonstampingmoldingmachines.Mechanicalpistonformingandhydraulicpistonformingmachinetotalupproductionefficiencylowenergyhigh,formerofproductivitylow,actualproductivityin100-200kg,mainworkpartslifelownotforindustrializationproduction;whichmainworkpartslifelong,buthighestproductioncapacitylowerenergyhigh;fromtechnologyindexview,ringdierollpressuretypeformingmachineproductionratehighest,energylow,productscostlow,whiletechnologycontentalsohigh,forYuscaleproductionpromotion.Sinceinthe1980ofthe20thcentury,China"sbio-technologyresearchanddevelopmenthavemadegreatprogress,nationalresearchandproductionequipmentofenterprisesorresearchinstituteshasdozensofhomes.China"sindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuelprototypeisformed,however,tobematureandrealizeindustrialization,youfirstneedtoovercomesomeconstraints,sometechnicalobstacles.Includesthemainworkingpartsoftheshortworkinglife,poorabilitytocoordinateequipmentsystems,runningunstable,andsoon.Also,duetothelackofeffectiveindustrialpractices,solidbiomassindustryisstillinitsinfancyinChina.Biomassfuelshapingtechnology,stableperformanceandlowpowerconsumptionofthedeviceisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassfuel,goodindustryandtheGovernment"ssupportandthenecessaryfundingisaprerequisiteforindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Tocompressbiomassbriquetteprocessingcost,youwillneedtoyieldpower,vulnerableperformanceandlowcost,laborcost,controlthreeaspects.Meanwhile,burningofbiomassisalsoontheindustry"scoretechnology,generally,becauseofbiomassfuelstoreplacecoal,canbeused,infact,duetobiomass19 Annualstrawconsumptionisabout300(15x20)milliontonsto450(15x30)milliontonnes.AroundeachplanttotownforcuringCenterstrawbriquettefactory,about30,curingeachstrawbriquettefactoryproductioncapacityof10,000tonsperyear,productionofmajorproductssupplypowerplantsandtherestasordinaryfuel.ChapterIII,sectionIindustryinvestmentanalysisinvestmentbenefitanalysis,industryprofitabilityindustrybenchmarkyieldto12%,morethanamoderatelevelofprofitability,havehigherprofitability.Secondly,solvency,withgoodprofitabilityand,hence,haveenoughliquidity.ThreebiomassenergyresourceinChina,industrygrowthprospectsareveryexperiencedandbrightprospectsfordevelopmentofbiomasspowergenerationindustry.Ononehand,thesownareaof1.8billionmuofcrops,theyearproduces700milliontonsofmatter.Apartfromthepartsusedinpapermakingandlivestockfeed,andtherestwillbedonefueluse.Theotherhand,China"scurrentforestareaofabout175millionhectares,theforestcoveragerateof18.21%,everyyearthroughnormalBushstumpingrejuvenation,forestthinning,hedgerowfruittreesandthecollectionofforestfelling,bucking,processingresidues,biomassresourcesavailableatabout800millionto1billiontons.TheoryofbiomassenergyresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincetherenewableenergylawcameintoeffectonJanuary1,2006,makingacompletesetofadministrativerulesandregulationsalsopromulgated.OnOctober4,2006oftheMinistryoftheinterimmeasuresfortheadministrationofspecialfundsforrenewableenergydevelopment,theapproachofspecialfundstosupportkey,applicationandapproval,financialmanagement,checkingandsupervisionofcomprehensiveprovisions.Theregulations:developmentofspecialfundsestablishedbythefinancialdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil,theuseofspecialfundsforthedevelopmentincludefreegrantsandsubsidizedloans,throughthecentralfinancialbudget.Accordingtotheroleofbiomassenergyandthecountry"sstatusquo,iscurrentlyfocusedonthedevelopmentoftheprojectareasfollows:(1)recentdevelopmentpriorities:biomassgasificationandgas,biomassgasificationpowergeneration,largebiogas,biomassdirectcombustionheating(2)medium-andlong-termdevelopmentprojects:heightofbiomassgasificationpowergenerationproject(BIG/CC),theproductionofhydrogenfrombiomasssuchasresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincethe八、安全保证应注意的问题1、钢护筒制作及沉放1）制作时电、气焊等特种作业人员必须持证上岗；按规定穿戴个人防护用品；并认真执行电、气焊工各自的安全操作规程。2）当护筒已经埋设完毕而未及时钻进时，护筒顶部须设置盖板，防止人员或工具落入孔内；保障施工安全。3）几台焊机并行作业时，焊机和闸刀要编号，氧气、乙炔的摆放必须大于5米的安全距离，施工现场用电严格执行《JCT46-88施工现场临时用电安全技术规范》。4）大直径护筒沉放时要考虑风载的影响。2、钻机安装就位1）钻机型号、性能必须符合要求，钻机安装就位时，钻机各部件应连接牢固，钻机上不得有未固定的工具、铁件等杂物，以防坠落伤人。2）机械吊装时充分考虑风载带来的影响，避免因风载晃动造成挤压事故。3）钻机移位时应将钻架放下，移动到新的位置重新安装。3、成孔1）钻机工作前应检查传动装置、制动装置、卷扬机电器设备，钢丝绳及连接部件，是否都良好可靠，并经常检查螺丝的松动情况。2）钻机工作时除操作人员外，其它闲杂人员不得进入工作场地。3）操作人员爬钻架时，应采取防护措施，防止失手坠落。在钻架上工作时应注意不要将卡环和其它连接件脱落，以免伤人。Added.Finally,foreigninvestmentrisk,therearealsoopportunities.Financialcrisiscausedthestockandcorporatebondpricesplummeted,earlyChinesebanks"foreignexchangeassetsintheforeignexchangereservesinvestmentandlosses,butatpresenttheinternationalpricesofmanyfinancialassetsinalow,topromoteforeignmergersandacquisitionsinChinaandpromotingenterprise"goingout"diversifiedcooperation,activelyexploreoverseasresourcesandmarketsandopportunities.Meanwhile,inresponsetotheadverseimpactofworldeconomiccrisisonChina,theStateCouncilannounced10measurestoexpanddomesticdemandandpromotegrowthoverthenexttwoyearstheimplementationofthesemeasureswilltakeabout4trillionyuancentralbudgetsupport.The4trillionyuaninvestmenthasaninkling,transportation,forestry,waterconservancy,people"slivelihood,environmentalprotectionandotherareaswillbeskewed.IncreasedinvestmentwillplayasignificantroleinpromotingChina"seconomicgrowth,atthesametime,thereshouldbeotherpro-growthmeasuresrolledout.AseriesofpositivemeasuresbytheStateandfunctionof4trilliontheCentralTreasury,oureconomywillbesustained,stableandrapiddevelopmentgradually.SectionIImarketanalysisoftechnicalfeasibilityofbiomassfuelshapingtechnologyandequipmentisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Biomassbriquettingtechnologyreferstoacertaintemperatureandunderpressure,willbescatteredandvariousshapesofbiomassrawmaterialsintohighdensity,withavarietyoffuelstechnology.Biomassbriquettingequipmentincludingscrew-extrusionmoldingmachines,mechanicalpistonstampingformingmachine,ringdie-rollandhydraulicpistonstampingmoldingmachines.Mechanicalpistonformingandhydraulicpistonformingmachinetotalupproductionefficiencylowenergyhigh,formerofproductivitylow,actualproductivityin100-200kg,mainworkpartslifelownotforindustrializationproduction;whichmainworkpartslifelong,buthighestproductioncapacitylowerenergyhigh;fromtechnologyindexview,ringdierollpressuretypeformingmachineproductionratehighest,energylow,productscostlow,whiletechnologycontentalsohigh,forYuscaleproductionpromotion.Sinceinthe1980ofthe20thcentury,China"sbio-technologyresearchanddevelopmenthavemadegreatprogress,nationalresearchandproductionequipmentofenterprisesorresearchinstituteshasdozensofhomes.China"sindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuelprototypeisformed,however,tobematureandrealizeindustrialization,youfirstneedtoovercomesomeconstraints,sometechnicalobstacles.Includesthemainworkingpartsoftheshortworkinglife,poorabilitytocoordinateequipmentsystems,runningunstable,andsoon.Also,duetothelackofeffectiveindustrialpractices,solidbiomassindustryisstillinitsinfancyinChina.Biomassfuelshapingtechnology,stableperformanceandlowpowerconsumptionofthedeviceisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassfuel,goodindustryandtheGovernment"ssupportandthenecessaryfundingisaprerequisiteforindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Tocompressbiomassbriquetteprocessingcost,youwillneedtoyieldpower,vulnerableperformanceandlowcost,laborcost,controlthreeaspects.Meanwhile,burningofbiomassisalsoontheindustry"scoretechnology,generally,becauseofbiomassfuelstoreplacecoal,canbeused,infact,duetobiomass19 Annualstrawconsumptionisabout300(15x20)milliontonsto450(15x30)milliontonnes.AroundeachplanttotownforcuringCenterstrawbriquettefactory,about30,curingeachstrawbriquettefactoryproductioncapacityof10,000tonsperyear,productionofmajorproductssupplypowerplantsandtherestasordinaryfuel.ChapterIII,sectionIindustryinvestmentanalysisinvestmentbenefitanalysis,industryprofitabilityindustrybenchmarkyieldto12%,morethanamoderatelevelofprofitability,havehigherprofitability.Secondly,solvency,withgoodprofitabilityand,hence,haveenoughliquidity.ThreebiomassenergyresourceinChina,industrygrowthprospectsareveryexperiencedandbrightprospectsfordevelopmentofbiomasspowergenerationindustry.Ononehand,thesownareaof1.8billionmuofcrops,theyearproduces700milliontonsofmatter.Apartfromthepartsusedinpapermakingandlivestockfeed,andtherestwillbedonefueluse.Theotherhand,China"scurrentforestareaofabout175millionhectares,theforestcoveragerateof18.21%,everyyearthroughnormalBushstumpingrejuvenation,forestthinning,hedgerowfruittreesandthecollectionofforestfelling,bucking,processingresidues,biomassresourcesavailableatabout800millionto1billiontons.TheoryofbiomassenergyresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincetherenewableenergylawcameintoeffectonJanuary1,2006,makingacompletesetofadministrativerulesandregulationsalsopromulgated.OnOctober4,2006oftheMinistryoftheinterimmeasuresfortheadministrationofspecialfundsforrenewableenergydevelopment,theapproachofspecialfundstosupportkey,applicationandapproval,financialmanagement,checkingandsupervisionofcomprehensiveprovisions.Theregulations:developmentofspecialfundsestablishedbythefinancialdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil,theuseofspecialfundsforthedevelopmentincludefreegrantsandsubsidizedloans,throughthecentralfinancialbudget.Accordingtotheroleofbiomassenergyandthecountry"sstatusquo,iscurrentlyfocusedonthedevelopmentoftheprojectareasfollows:(1)recentdevelopmentpriorities:biomassgasificationandgas,biomassgasificationpowergeneration,largebiogas,biomassdirectcombustionheating(2)medium-andlong-termdevelopmentprojects:heightofbiomassgasificationpowergenerationproject(BIG/CC),theproductionofhydrogenfrombiomasssuchasresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincethe4）在成孔过程中如遇到故障和事故时，应根据事故的类型采取切实可行的处理办法，并由施工技术负责人进行安全交底，在处理事故过程中严防操作人员落入孔中，夜间施工要有足够的照明。4、钢筋笼沉放1）钢筋笼起吊沉放时应有缆风绳定位，不得任其随意摆动，以免伤人。2）钢筋笼现场拼装时，孔口应采取防护措施，以免操作人员坠入孔中。3）起吊钢筋笼时要检查吊具及钢丝绳的情况，发现问题及时处理。5、砼浇注1）浇注砼前应对所有浇注砼设备进行一次检查，特别是导管的拼装连接，升降机械设备、隔水栓阀、漏斗滑槽等。2）提检导管时发现导管埋深过大，或被钢筋笼卡住拔不动时，不得硬行上拔，要找出原因，采取相应措施。3）。成孔后检测时，检测人员要注意安全，孔口上要铺设跳板。二、泥浆的各种性能指标的测定方法相对密度：Px可用泥浆相对密度计测定。将要量测的泥浆装满泥浆杯，加盖并洗净从小孔溢出的泥浆，然后置于支架上，移动游码，使杠杆呈水平状态（即气泡处于中央），读出游码左侧所示刻度，即为泥浆的相对密度。在工地无以上仪器时，可以用一口杯，先称其质量设为m1，再装清水称其质量为m2，再倒去清水，装满泥浆并擦去杯周溢出的泥浆，称其质量为m3，则Px=m3－m1/m2－m1。粘度：ηAdded.Finally,foreigninvestmentrisk,therearealsoopportunities.Financialcrisiscausedthestockandcorporatebondpricesplummeted,earlyChinesebanks"foreignexchangeassetsintheforeignexchangereservesinvestmentandlosses,butatpresenttheinternationalpricesofmanyfinancialassetsinalow,topromoteforeignmergersandacquisitionsinChinaandpromotingenterprise"goingout"diversifiedcooperation,activelyexploreoverseasresourcesandmarketsandopportunities.Meanwhile,inresponsetotheadverseimpactofworldeconomiccrisisonChina,theStateCouncilannounced10measurestoexpanddomesticdemandandpromotegrowthoverthenexttwoyearstheimplementationofthesemeasureswilltakeabout4trillionyuancentralbudgetsupport.The4trillionyuaninvestmenthasaninkling,transportation,forestry,waterconservancy,people"slivelihood,environmentalprotectionandotherareaswillbeskewed.IncreasedinvestmentwillplayasignificantroleinpromotingChina"seconomicgrowth,atthesametime,thereshouldbeotherpro-growthmeasuresrolledout.AseriesofpositivemeasuresbytheStateandfunctionof4trilliontheCentralTreasury,oureconomywillbesustained,stableandrapiddevelopmentgradually.SectionIImarketanalysisoftechnicalfeasibilityofbiomassfuelshapingtechnologyandequipmentisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Biomassbriquettingtechnologyreferstoacertaintemperatureandunderpressure,willbescatteredandvariousshapesofbiomassrawmaterialsintohighdensity,withavarietyoffuelstechnology.Biomassbriquettingequipmentincludingscrew-extrusionmoldingmachines,mechanicalpistonstampingformingmachine,ringdie-rollandhydraulicpistonstampingmoldingmachines.Mechanicalpistonformingandhydraulicpistonformingmachinetotalupproductionefficiencylowenergyhigh,formerofproductivitylow,actualproductivityin100-200kg,mainworkpartslifelownotforindustrializationproduction;whichmainworkpartslifelong,buthighestproductioncapacitylowerenergyhigh;fromtechnologyindexview,ringdierollpressuretypeformingmachineproductionratehighest,energylow,productscostlow,whiletechnologycontentalsohigh,forYuscaleproductionpromotion.Sinceinthe1980ofthe20thcentury,China"sbio-technologyresearchanddevelopmenthavemadegreatprogress,nationalresearchandproductionequipmentofenterprisesorresearchinstituteshasdozensofhomes.China"sindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuelprototypeisformed,however,tobematureandrealizeindustrialization,youfirstneedtoovercomesomeconstraints,sometechnicalobstacles.Includesthemainworkingpartsoftheshortworkinglife,poorabilitytocoordinateequipmentsystems,runningunstable,andsoon.Also,duetothelackofeffectiveindustrialpractices,solidbiomassindustryisstillinitsinfancyinChina.Biomassfuelshapingtechnology,stableperformanceandlowpowerconsumptionofthedeviceisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassfuel,goodindustryandtheGovernment"ssupportandthenecessaryfundingisaprerequisiteforindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Tocompressbiomassbriquetteprocessingcost,youwillneedtoyieldpower,vulnerableperformanceandlowcost,laborcost,controlthreeaspects.Meanwhile,burningofbiomassisalsoontheindustry"scoretechnology,generally,becauseofbiomassfuelstoreplacecoal,canbeused,infact,duetobiomass19 Annualstrawconsumptionisabout300(15x20)milliontonsto450(15x30)milliontonnes.AroundeachplanttotownforcuringCenterstrawbriquettefactory,about30,curingeachstrawbriquettefactoryproductioncapacityof10,000tonsperyear,productionofmajorproductssupplypowerplantsandtherestasordinaryfuel.ChapterIII,sectionIindustryinvestmentanalysisinvestmentbenefitanalysis,industryprofitabilityindustrybenchmarkyieldto12%,morethanamoderatelevelofprofitability,havehigherprofitability.Secondly,solvency,withgoodprofitabilityand,hence,haveenoughliquidity.ThreebiomassenergyresourceinChina,industrygrowthprospectsareveryexperiencedandbrightprospectsfordevelopmentofbiomasspowergenerationindustry.Ononehand,thesownareaof1.8billionmuofcrops,theyearproduces700milliontonsofmatter.Apartfromthepartsusedinpapermakingandlivestockfeed,andtherestwillbedonefueluse.Theotherhand,China"scurrentforestareaofabout175millionhectares,theforestcoveragerateof18.21%,everyyearthroughnormalBushstumpingrejuvenation,forestthinning,hedgerowfruittreesandthecollectionofforestfelling,bucking,processingresidues,biomassresourcesavailableatabout800millionto1billiontons.TheoryofbiomassenergyresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincetherenewableenergylawcameintoeffectonJanuary1,2006,makingacompletesetofadministrativerulesandregulationsalsopromulgated.OnOctober4,2006oftheMinistryoftheinterimmeasuresfortheadministrationofspecialfundsforrenewableenergydevelopment,theapproachofspecialfundstosupportkey,applicationandapproval,financialmanagement,checkingandsupervisionofcomprehensiveprovisions.Theregulations:developmentofspecialfundsestablishedbythefinancialdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil,theuseofspecialfundsforthedevelopmentincludefreegrantsandsubsidizedloans,throughthecentralfinancialbudget.Accordingtotheroleofbiomassenergyandthecountry"sstatusquo,iscurrentlyfocusedonthedevelopmentoftheprojectareasfollows:(1)recentdevelopmentpriorities:biomassgasificationandgas,biomassgasificationpowergeneration,largebiogas,biomassdirectcombustionheating(2)medium-andlong-termdevelopmentprojects:heightofbiomassgasificationpowergenerationproject(BIG/CC),theproductionofhydrogenfrombiomasssuchasresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincethe（S）：工地用标准漏斗粘度计测定。用两端开口量杯分别量取200ml泥浆和500ml泥浆，通过虑网去大砂粒后，将泥浆700ml均注入漏斗，然后使泥浆从漏斗流出，流满500ml量杯所需时间（S），即为所测泥浆的粘度。校正方法：漏斗中注入700ml清水，流出500ml，所需时间是15s，如偏差超过±1s，则量测泥浆粘度时应校正。含砂率（%）：工地用含砂率计详附图二测定。量测时，把调制好的泥浆50ml倒进含水量砂率计，然后再倒450ml清水，将仪器口塞紧，摇动1min，使泥浆与水混合均匀，再将仪器竖直静放3min，仪器下端沉淀的体积（由仪器上刻度读出）乘2就是含沙率。胶体率（%）：亦称稳定率，它是泥浆中土粒保持悬浮状态的性能。测定方法：可将100ml的泥浆放入干净量杯中，用玻璃板盖上静置24h后，量杯上部的可能澄清为透明的水，量杯底部可能有沉淀物。即100-（水＋沉淀物）体积即等于胶体率。失水量（ml/30min）和泥皮厚（mm）：用一张120mm*120mm的滤纸，置于水平玻璃板上，中央画一直径30mm的圆圈，将2ml的泥浆滴于圆圈中心，30min后，量算湿润圆圈的平均半径减去泥浆坍平成为泥饼的平均半径（mm）即失水量，算出的结果（mm）值代表失水量，单位：ml/min。在滤纸上量出泥饼的厚度（mm）即为泥皮厚。泥皮愈平坦，愈薄，则泥浆质量愈高，一般不宜厚于2——3min。Added.Finally,foreigninvestmentrisk,therearealsoopportunities.Financialcrisiscausedthestockandcorporatebondpricesplummeted,earlyChinesebanks"foreignexchangeassetsintheforeignexchangereservesinvestmentandlosses,butatpresenttheinternationalpricesofmanyfinancialassetsinalow,topromoteforeignmergersandacquisitionsinChinaandpromotingenterprise"goingout"diversifiedcooperation,activelyexploreoverseasresourcesandmarketsandopportunities.Meanwhile,inresponsetotheadverseimpactofworldeconomiccrisisonChina,theStateCouncilannounced10measurestoexpanddomesticdemandandpromotegrowthoverthenexttwoyearstheimplementationofthesemeasureswilltakeabout4trillionyuancentralbudgetsupport.The4trillionyuaninvestmenthasaninkling,transportation,forestry,waterconservancy,people"slivelihood,environmentalprotectionandotherareaswillbeskewed.IncreasedinvestmentwillplayasignificantroleinpromotingChina"seconomicgrowth,atthesametime,thereshouldbeotherpro-growthmeasuresrolledout.AseriesofpositivemeasuresbytheStateandfunctionof4trilliontheCentralTreasury,oureconomywillbesustained,stableandrapiddevelopmentgradually.SectionIImarketanalysisoftechnicalfeasibilityofbiomassfuelshapingtechnologyandequipmentisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Biomassbriquettingtechnologyreferstoacertaintemperatureandunderpressure,willbescatteredandvariousshapesofbiomassrawmaterialsintohighdensity,withavarietyoffuelstechnology.Biomassbriquettingequipmentincludingscrew-extrusionmoldingmachines,mechanicalpistonstampingformingmachine,ringdie-rollandhydraulicpistonstampingmoldingmachines.Mechanicalpistonformingandhydraulicpistonformingmachinetotalupproductionefficiencylowenergyhigh,formerofproductivitylow,actualproductivityin100-200kg,mainworkpartslifelownotforindustrializationproduction;whichmainworkpartslifelong,buthighestproductioncapacitylowerenergyhigh;fromtechnologyindexview,ringdierollpressuretypeformingmachineproductionratehighest,energylow,productscostlow,whiletechnologycontentalsohigh,forYuscaleproductionpromotion.Sinceinthe1980ofthe20thcentury,China"sbio-technologyresearchanddevelopmenthavemadegreatprogress,nationalresearchandproductionequipmentofenterprisesorresearchinstituteshasdozensofhomes.China"sindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuelprototypeisformed,however,tobematureandrealizeindustrialization,youfirstneedtoovercomesomeconstraints,sometechnicalobstacles.Includesthemainworkingpartsoftheshortworkinglife,poorabilitytocoordinateequipmentsystems,runningunstable,andsoon.Also,duetothelackofeffectiveindustrialpractices,solidbiomassindustryisstillinitsinfancyinChina.Biomassfuelshapingtechnology,stableperformanceandlowpowerconsumptionofthedeviceisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassfuel,goodindustryandtheGovernment"ssupportandthenecessaryfundingisaprerequisiteforindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Tocompressbiomassbriquetteprocessingcost,youwillneedtoyieldpower,vulnerableperformanceandlowcost,laborcost,controlthreeaspects.Meanwhile,burningofbiomassisalsoontheindustry"scoretechnology,generally,becauseofbiomassfuelstoreplacecoal,canbeused,infact,duetobiomass19 Annualstrawconsumptionisabout300(15x20)milliontonsto450(15x30)milliontonnes.AroundeachplanttotownforcuringCenterstrawbriquettefactory,about30,curingeachstrawbriquettefactoryproductioncapacityof10,000tonsperyear,productionofmajorproductssupplypowerplantsandtherestasordinaryfuel.ChapterIII,sectionIindustryinvestmentanalysisinvestmentbenefitanalysis,industryprofitabilityindustrybenchmarkyieldto12%,morethanamoderatelevelofprofitability,havehigherprofitability.Secondly,solvency,withgoodprofitabilityand,hence,haveenoughliquidity.ThreebiomassenergyresourceinChina,industrygrowthprospectsareveryexperiencedandbrightprospectsfordevelopmentofbiomasspowergenerationindustry.Ononehand,thesownareaof1.8billionmuofcrops,theyearproduces700milliontonsofmatter.Apartfromthepartsusedinpapermakingandlivestockfeed,andtherestwillbedonefueluse.Theotherhand,China"scurrentforestareaofabout175millionhectares,theforestcoveragerateof18.21%,everyyearthroughnormalBushstumpingrejuvenation,forestthinning,hedgerowfruittreesandthecollectionofforestfelling,bucking,processingresidues,biomassresourcesavailableatabout800millionto1billiontons.TheoryofbiomassenergyresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincetherenewableenergylawcameintoeffectonJanuary1,2006,makingacompletesetofadministrativerulesandregulationsalsopromulgated.OnOctober4,2006oftheMinistryoftheinterimmeasuresfortheadministrationofspecialfundsforrenewableenergydevelopment,theapproachofspecialfundstosupportkey,applicationandapproval,financialmanagement,checkingandsupervisionofcomprehensiveprovisions.Theregulations:developmentofspecialfundsestablishedbythefinancialdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil,theuseofspecialfundsforthedevelopmentincludefreegrantsandsubsidizedloans,throughthecentralfinancialbudget.Accordingtotheroleofbiomassenergyandthecountry"sstatusquo,iscurrentlyfocusedonthedevelopmentoftheprojectareasfollows:(1)recentdevelopmentpriorities:biomassgasificationandgas,biomassgasificationpowergeneration,largebiogas,biomassdirectcombustionheating(2)medium-andlong-termdevelopmentprojects:heightofbiomassgasificationpowergenerationproject(BIG/CC),theproductionofhydrogenfrombiomasssuchasresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincethe三、导管水密性承压试验1、压力计算：P=1.1×（rc·he－rwhw）rc—砼容重he--砼柱最大高度rw--孔内泥浆容重，hw--孔内泥浆有效深度2、操作要点先将导管接长，密封两端。在每端密封处各焊接一根管，一根作为进水管，一根作为进气管，即空气灌入口。注：密封管可利用底节导管和漏斗口下面的标准节作为密封管，在进水管节安装一个开关。将接长密封的导管，通过进入管灌入70%左右的水关闭开关，通过进气口灌入空气，待导管内气压达到所计算的压力后且稳压15mim每隔3—4分钟转动导管半圈，观察导管有无漏水情况，如有漏水则将该处作记号。稳压15min后打开进水管处开关放气减压泄水。在操作中要求导管外表面干燥，以便于观察。3、安全要求因为本试验压力较大，所以在加压过程中要缓慢均匀，观察导管各处的受力情况，以防导管爆裂伤人。两端密封处焊接的钢板的厚度不小于导管壁，且焊缝高度不小于钢板厚度，焊接的进水、进气管的耐压性不得小于计算要求，且与密封钢板焊接处也同样要满足要求。做本试验时，无关人员不得在导管周围。Added.Finally,foreigninvestmentrisk,therearealsoopportunities.Financialcrisiscausedthestockandcorporatebondpricesplummeted,earlyChinesebanks"foreignexchangeassetsintheforeignexchangereservesinvestmentandlosses,butatpresenttheinternationalpricesofmanyfinancialassetsinalow,topromoteforeignmergersandacquisitionsinChinaandpromotingenterprise"goingout"diversifiedcooperation,activelyexploreoverseasresourcesandmarketsandopportunities.Meanwhile,inresponsetotheadverseimpactofworldeconomiccrisisonChina,theStateCouncilannounced10measurestoexpanddomesticdemandandpromotegrowthoverthenexttwoyearstheimplementationofthesemeasureswilltakeabout4trillionyuancentralbudgetsupport.The4trillionyuaninvestmenthasaninkling,transportation,forestry,waterconservancy,people"slivelihood,environmentalprotectionandotherareaswillbeskewed.IncreasedinvestmentwillplayasignificantroleinpromotingChina"seconomicgrowth,atthesametime,thereshouldbeotherpro-growthmeasuresrolledout.AseriesofpositivemeasuresbytheStateandfunctionof4trilliontheCentralTreasury,oureconomywillbesustained,stableandrapiddevelopmentgradually.SectionIImarketanalysisoftechnicalfeasibilityofbiomassfuelshapingtechnologyandequipmentisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Biomassbriquettingtechnologyreferstoacertaintemperatureandunderpressure,willbescatteredandvariousshapesofbiomassrawmaterialsintohighdensity,withavarietyoffuelstechnology.Biomassbriquettingequipmentincludingscrew-extrusionmoldingmachines,mechanicalpistonstampingformingmachine,ringdie-rollandhydraulicpistonstampingmoldingmachines.Mechanicalpistonformingandhydraulicpistonformingmachinetotalupproductionefficiencylowenergyhigh,formerofproductivitylow,actualproductivityin100-200kg,mainworkpartslifelownotforindustrializationproduction;whichmainworkpartslifelong,buthighestproductioncapacitylowerenergyhigh;fromtechnologyindexview,ringdierollpressuretypeformingmachineproductionratehighest,energylow,productscostlow,whiletechnologycontentalsohigh,forYuscaleproductionpromotion.Sinceinthe1980ofthe20thcentury,China"sbio-technologyresearchanddevelopmenthavemadegreatprogress,nationalresearchandproductionequipmentofenterprisesorresearchinstituteshasdozensofhomes.China"sindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuelprototypeisformed,however,tobematureandrealizeindustrialization,youfirstneedtoovercomesomeconstraints,sometechnicalobstacles.Includesthemainworkingpartsoftheshortworkinglife,poorabilitytocoordinateequipmentsystems,runningunstable,andsoon.Also,duetothelackofeffectiveindustrialpractices,solidbiomassindustryisstillinitsinfancyinChina.Biomassfuelshapingtechnology,stableperformanceandlowpowerconsumptionofthedeviceisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassfuel,goodindustryandtheGovernment"ssupportandthenecessaryfundingisaprerequisiteforindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Tocompressbiomassbriquetteprocessingcost,youwillneedtoyieldpower,vulnerableperformanceandlowcost,laborcost,controlthreeaspects.Meanwhile,burningofbiomassisalsoontheindustry"scoretechnology,generally,becauseofbiomassfuelstoreplacecoal,canbeused,infact,duetobiomass19 Annualstrawconsumptionisabout300(15x20)milliontonsto450(15x30)milliontonnes.AroundeachplanttotownforcuringCenterstrawbriquettefactory,about30,curingeachstrawbriquettefactoryproductioncapacityof10,000tonsperyear,productionofmajorproductssupplypowerplantsandtherestasordinaryfuel.ChapterIII,sectionIindustryinvestmentanalysisinvestmentbenefitanalysis,industryprofitabilityindustrybenchmarkyieldto12%,morethanamoderatelevelofprofitability,havehigherprofitability.Secondly,solvency,withgoodprofitabilityand,hence,haveenoughliquidity.ThreebiomassenergyresourceinChina,industrygrowthprospectsareveryexperiencedandbrightprospectsfordevelopmentofbiomasspowergenerationindustry.Ononehand,thesownareaof1.8billionmuofcrops,theyearproduces700milliontonsofmatter.Apartfromthepartsusedinpapermakingandlivestockfeed,andtherestwillbedonefueluse.Theotherhand,China"scurrentforestareaofabout175millionhectares,theforestcoveragerateof18.21%,everyyearthroughnormalBushstumpingrejuvenation,forestthinning,hedgerowfruittreesandthecollectionofforestfelling,bucking,processingresidues,biomassresourcesavailableatabout800millionto1billiontons.TheoryofbiomassenergyresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincetherenewableenergylawcameintoeffectonJanuary1,2006,makingacompletesetofadministrativerulesandregulationsalsopromulgated.OnOctober4,2006oftheMinistryoftheinterimmeasuresfortheadministrationofspecialfundsforrenewableenergydevelopment,theapproachofspecialfundstosupportkey,applicationandapproval,financialmanagement,checkingandsupervisionofcomprehensiveprovisions.Theregulations:developmentofspecialfundsestablishedbythefinancialdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil,theuseofspecialfundsforthedevelopmentincludefreegrantsandsubsidizedloans,throughthecentralfinancialbudget.Accordingtotheroleofbiomassenergyandthecountry"sstatusquo,iscurrentlyfocusedonthedevelopmentoftheprojectareasfollows:(1)recentdevelopmentpriorities:biomassgasificationandgas,biomassgasificationpowergeneration,largebiogas,biomassdirectcombustionheating(2)medium-andlong-termdevelopmentprojects:heightofbiomassgasificationpowergenerationproject(BIG/CC),theproductionofhydrogenfrombiomasssuchasresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincethe挖孔灌注桩3.2.1一般规定⑴施工人员组织、便道修建、技术资料准备和交底、进场材料须通过检验。⑵挖孔灌注桩适用于无地下水或少量地下水，且较密实的土层或风化岩层。若孔内产生的空气污染物超过《环境空气质量标准》（GB3095-1996）规定的极限时，必须有可靠的通风保障措施，方可采用人工挖孔施工。⑶进场前应清除坡面危石浮土，坡面有裂缝或坍塌迹象者应加必要的保护，铲除松软的土层并夯实。⑷准确施放桩基中心线，合理确定开孔高程。在孔周围确立十字线四点，并设置护桩，应及时检查并纠正偏位情况；挖孔作业的高程水准点由控制水准点引至护壁顶。⑸对空压机、卷扬机和焊机等用电量大的设备，应设专线供电；⑹必须集中力量连续作业，以组织四班制作业为宜，每班3～4人开挖，每4组配备1名电工，井上、井下人员应该交替更换。3.2.2施工工序Added.Finally,foreigninvestmentrisk,therearealsoopportunities.Financialcrisiscausedthestockandcorporatebondpricesplummeted,earlyChinesebanks"foreignexchangeassetsintheforeignexchangereservesinvestmentandlosses,butatpresenttheinternationalpricesofmanyfinancialassetsinalow,topromoteforeignmergersandacquisitionsinChinaandpromotingenterprise"goingout"diversifiedcooperation,activelyexploreoverseasresourcesandmarketsandopportunities.Meanwhile,inresponsetotheadverseimpactofworldeconomiccrisisonChina,theStateCouncilannounced10measurestoexpanddomesticdemandandpromotegrowthoverthenexttwoyearstheimplementationofthesemeasureswilltakeabout4trillionyuancentralbudgetsupport.The4trillionyuaninvestmenthasaninkling,transportation,forestry,waterconservancy,people"slivelihood,environmentalprotectionandotherareaswillbeskewed.IncreasedinvestmentwillplayasignificantroleinpromotingChina"seconomicgrowth,atthesametime,thereshouldbeotherpro-growthmeasuresrolledout.AseriesofpositivemeasuresbytheStateandfunctionof4trilliontheCentralTreasury,oureconomywillbesustained,stableandrapiddevelopmentgradually.SectionIImarketanalysisoftechnicalfeasibilityofbiomassfuelshapingtechnologyandequipmentisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Biomassbriquettingtechnologyreferstoacertaintemperatureandunderpressure,willbescatteredandvariousshapesofbiomassrawmaterialsintohighdensity,withavarietyoffuelstechnology.Biomassbriquettingequipmentincludingscrew-extrusionmoldingmachines,mechanicalpistonstampingformingmachine,ringdie-rollandhydraulicpistonstampingmoldingmachines.Mechanicalpistonformingandhydraulicpistonformingmachinetotalupproductionefficiencylowenergyhigh,formerofproductivitylow,actualproductivityin100-200kg,mainworkpartslifelownotforindustrializationproduction;whichmainworkpartslifelong,buthighestproductioncapacitylowerenergyhigh;fromtechnologyindexview,ringdierollpressuretypeformingmachineproductionratehighest,energylow,productscostlow,whiletechnologycontentalsohigh,forYuscaleproductionpromotion.Sinceinthe1980ofthe20thcentury,China"sbio-technologyresearchanddevelopmenthavemadegreatprogress,nationalresearchandproductionequipmentofenterprisesorresearchinstituteshasdozensofhomes.China"sindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuelprototypeisformed,however,tobematureandrealizeindustrialization,youfirstneedtoovercomesomeconstraints,sometechnicalobstacles.Includesthemainworkingpartsoftheshortworkinglife,poorabilitytocoordinateequipmentsystems,runningunstable,andsoon.Also,duetothelackofeffectiveindustrialpractices,solidbiomassindustryisstillinitsinfancyinChina.Biomassfuelshapingtechnology,stableperformanceandlowpowerconsumptionofthedeviceisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassfuel,goodindustryandtheGovernment"ssupportandthenecessaryfundingisaprerequisiteforindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Tocompressbiomassbriquetteprocessingcost,youwillneedtoyieldpower,vulnerableperformanceandlowcost,laborcost,controlthreeaspects.Meanwhile,burningofbiomassisalsoontheindustry"scoretechnology,generally,becauseofbiomassfuelstoreplacecoal,canbeused,infact,duetobiomass19 Annualstrawconsumptionisabout300(15x20)milliontonsto450(15x30)milliontonnes.AroundeachplanttotownforcuringCenterstrawbriquettefactory,about30,curingeachstrawbriquettefactoryproductioncapacityof10,000tonsperyear,productionofmajorproductssupplypowerplantsandtherestasordinaryfuel.ChapterIII,sectionIindustryinvestmentanalysisinvestmentbenefitanalysis,industryprofitabilityindustrybenchmarkyieldto12%,morethanamoderatelevelofprofitability,havehigherprofitability.Secondly,solvency,withgoodprofitabilityand,hence,haveenoughliquidity.ThreebiomassenergyresourceinChina,industrygrowthprospectsareveryexperiencedandbrightprospectsfordevelopmentofbiomasspowergenerationindustry.Ononehand,thesownareaof1.8billionmuofcrops,theyearproduces700milliontonsofmatter.Apartfromthepartsusedinpapermakingandlivestockfeed,andtherestwillbedonefueluse.Theotherhand,China"scurrentforestareaofabout175millionhectares,theforestcoveragerateof18.21%,everyyearthroughnormalBushstumpingrejuvenation,forestthinning,hedgerowfruittreesandthecollectionofforestfelling,bucking,processingresidues,biomassresourcesavailableatabout800millionto1billiontons.TheoryofbiomassenergyresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincetherenewableenergylawcameintoeffectonJanuary1,2006,makingacompletesetofadministrativerulesandregulationsalsopromulgated.OnOctober4,2006oftheMinistryoftheinterimmeasuresfortheadministrationofspecialfundsforrenewableenergydevelopment,theapproachofspecialfundstosupportkey,applicationandapproval,financialmanagement,checkingandsupervisionofcomprehensiveprovisions.Theregulations:developmentofspecialfundsestablishedbythefinancialdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil,theuseofspecialfundsforthedevelopmentincludefreegrantsandsubsidizedloans,throughthecentralfinancialbudget.Accordingtotheroleofbiomassenergyandthecountry"sstatusquo,iscurrentlyfocusedonthedevelopmentoftheprojectareasfollows:(1)recentdevelopmentpriorities:biomassgasificationandgas,biomassgasificationpowergeneration,largebiogas,biomassdirectcombustionheating(2)medium-andlong-termdevelopmentprojects:heightofbiomassgasificationpowergenerationproject(BIG/CC),theproductionofhydrogenfrombiomasssuchasresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincethe施工前提条件孔口护壁挖土出渣测量复核桩位做好钻孔记录护壁支护开炸出渣确定灌注方法桩基检测终孔检查下钢筋笼灌注砼下一工序3.2.3施工要点1）护壁⑴在土质条件下，应设砼护壁，以确保施工安全。厚度为10～15厘米，强度等级不应低于C25.土质较差时，应采用钢筋砼护壁。⑵遇到特别松散的软土层或流沙层时，禁止采用挖孔桩施工工艺。⑶桩孔挖掘及支撑护壁两道工序必须连续作业，期间不宜停顿，以防坍孔。Added.Finally,foreigninvestmentrisk,therearealsoopportunities.Financialcrisiscausedthestockandcorporatebondpricesplummeted,earlyChinesebanks"foreignexchangeassetsintheforeignexchangereservesinvestmentandlosses,butatpresenttheinternationalpricesofmanyfinancialassetsinalow,topromoteforeignmergersandacquisitionsinChinaandpromotingenterprise"goingout"diversifiedcooperation,activelyexploreoverseasresourcesandmarketsandopportunities.Meanwhile,inresponsetotheadverseimpactofworldeconomiccrisisonChina,theStateCouncilannounced10measurestoexpanddomesticdemandandpromotegrowthoverthenexttwoyearstheimplementationofthesemeasureswilltakeabout4trillionyuancentralbudgetsupport.The4trillionyuaninvestmenthasaninkling,transportation,forestry,waterconservancy,people"slivelihood,environmentalprotectionandotherareaswillbeskewed.IncreasedinvestmentwillplayasignificantroleinpromotingChina"seconomicgrowth,atthesametime,thereshouldbeotherpro-growthmeasuresrolledout.AseriesofpositivemeasuresbytheStateandfunctionof4trilliontheCentralTreasury,oureconomywillbesustained,stableandrapiddevelopmentgradually.SectionIImarketanalysisoftechnicalfeasibilityofbiomassfuelshapingtechnologyandequipmentisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Biomassbriquettingtechnologyreferstoacertaintemperatureandunderpressure,willbescatteredandvariousshapesofbiomassrawmaterialsintohighdensity,withavarietyoffuelstechnology.Biomassbriquettingequipmentincludingscrew-extrusionmoldingmachines,mechanicalpistonstampingformingmachine,ringdie-rollandhydraulicpistonstampingmoldingmachines.Mechanicalpistonformingandhydraulicpistonformingmachinetotalupproductionefficiencylowenergyhigh,formerofproductivitylow,actualproductivityin100-200kg,mainworkpartslifelownotforindustrializationproduction;whichmainworkpartslifelong,buthighestproductioncapacitylowerenergyhigh;fromtechnologyindexview,ringdierollpressuretypeformingmachineproductionratehighest,energylow,productscostlow,whiletechnologycontentalsohigh,forYuscaleproductionpromotion.Sinceinthe1980ofthe20thcentury,China"sbio-technologyresearchanddevelopmenthavemadegreatprogress,nationalresearchandproductionequipmentofenterprisesorresearchinstituteshasdozensofhomes.China"sindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuelprototypeisformed,however,tobematureandrealizeindustrialization,youfirstneedtoovercomesomeconstraints,sometechnicalobstacles.Includesthemainworkingpartsoftheshortworkinglife,poorabilitytocoordinateequipmentsystems,runningunstable,andsoon.Also,duetothelackofeffectiveindustrialpractices,solidbiomassindustryisstillinitsinfancyinChina.Biomassfuelshapingtechnology,stableperformanceandlowpowerconsumptionofthedeviceisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassfuel,goodindustryandtheGovernment"ssupportandthenecessaryfundingisaprerequisiteforindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Tocompressbiomassbriquetteprocessingcost,youwillneedtoyieldpower,vulnerableperformanceandlowcost,laborcost,controlthreeaspects.Meanwhile,burningofbiomassisalsoontheindustry"scoretechnology,generally,becauseofbiomassfuelstoreplacecoal,canbeused,infact,duetobiomass19 Annualstrawconsumptionisabout300(15x20)milliontonsto450(15x30)milliontonnes.AroundeachplanttotownforcuringCenterstrawbriquettefactory,about30,curingeachstrawbriquettefactoryproductioncapacityof10,000tonsperyear,productionofmajorproductssupplypowerplantsandtherestasordinaryfuel.ChapterIII,sectionIindustryinvestmentanalysisinvestmentbenefitanalysis,industryprofitabilityindustrybenchmarkyieldto12%,morethanamoderatelevelofprofitability,havehigherprofitability.Secondly,solvency,withgoodprofitabilityand,hence,haveenoughliquidity.ThreebiomassenergyresourceinChina,industrygrowthprospectsareveryexperiencedandbrightprospectsfordevelopmentofbiomasspowergenerationindustry.Ononehand,thesownareaof1.8billionmuofcrops,theyearproduces700milliontonsofmatter.Apartfromthepartsusedinpapermakingandlivestockfeed,andtherestwillbedonefueluse.Theotherhand,China"scurrentforestareaofabout175millionhectares,theforestcoveragerateof18.21%,everyyearthroughnormalBushstumpingrejuvenation,forestthinning,hedgerowfruittreesandthecollectionofforestfelling,bucking,processingresidues,biomassresourcesavailableatabout800millionto1billiontons.TheoryofbiomassenergyresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincetherenewableenergylawcameintoeffectonJanuary1,2006,makingacompletesetofadministrativerulesandregulationsalsopromulgated.OnOctober4,2006oftheMinistryoftheinterimmeasuresfortheadministrationofspecialfundsforrenewableenergydevelopment,theapproachofspecialfundstosupportkey,applicationandapproval,financialmanagement,checkingandsupervisionofcomprehensiveprovisions.Theregulations:developmentofspecialfundsestablishedbythefinancialdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil,theuseofspecialfundsforthedevelopmentincludefreegrantsandsubsidizedloans,throughthecentralfinancialbudget.Accordingtotheroleofbiomassenergyandthecountry"sstatusquo,iscurrentlyfocusedonthedevelopmentoftheprojectareasfollows:(1)recentdevelopmentpriorities:biomassgasificationandgas,biomassgasificationpowergeneration,largebiogas,biomassdirectcombustionheating(2)medium-andlong-termdevelopmentprojects:heightofbiomassgasificationpowergenerationproject(BIG/CC),theproductionofhydrogenfrombiomasssuchasresourceinChinacloseto1.5billiontonsofstandardcoal.By2020,thebiomassenergydevelopmentandutilizationofcapacityof500milliontonsofstandardcoal,equivalenttomorethan15%supplies.Andextremelylowsulphurcontentofthebiomass<0.3%,1/4nottothesulphurcontentofthecoal.Developmentofbiomasssolidfuels,implementcoalalternatives,significantlyreducesthecarbondioxideandsulfurdioxideemissions,haveasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Secondsectionindustryinvestmentopportunitiesforpromotedhealthmaterialenergyofsteadilydevelopment,September2006,Treasury,andnationaldevelopmentandReformCommittee,andMinistryofagriculture,andnationaltaxGeneral,andnationalforestryCounciljointintroducedhasondevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaltaxsupportpolicyofimplementationviews,inriskavoidandcompensation,andrawmaterialsbasegrants,andmodelgrants,andtaxrelief,aspectsfordevelopmentbiologicalqualityenergyandbiologicalchemicaldevelopedhasspecificoftaxsupportpolicy.Inaddition,sincethe⑷挖孔时，如有水渗入，应及时支护孔壁，防止水在孔壁流淌浸泡，如孔内水量较大时，应及时抽水。若土层松软、地下水较大时，禁止挖孔。2）爆破⑴孔内遇到岩层须爆破时，应进行专门设计，并按照施工组织设计的要求进行打眼放炮，以松动为主，宜采用浅眼松动爆破法，严格控制炸药用量。⑵打眼放炮必须采用电雷管引爆，严禁裸露药包。⑶孔内放炮后应立即排烟，并经检查孔内无有害气体后，人员方可下孔施工。3）挖孔及终孔检验⑴挖掘时不必刻意修光孔壁，以增加桩的摩擦力。在挖孔过程中，要经常检查桩径、平面位置和倾斜度。出渣时，卷扬机应慢速提升。⑵挖孔达到设计深度后，必须进行孔底处理，必须做到孔底无沉淀。⑶挖孔时，还应做好地质记录，核对设计地质资料是否相符，以供监理确定终孔标高。对有渗水的孔桩，应确定渗水量的大小，相应确定砼浇筑方法。4）砼灌注⑴从孔底及附近孔壁渗入的地下水的上升速度较小（小于6mm/min）时，可直接采用串筒浇筑，对大直径桩应设置2道串筒，以减少灌注时间和地下水的影响，同时砼应振捣密实；当孔底渗入的地下水上升速度较大时（小于6mm/min），应采用水下砼灌注桩。⑵砼的坍落度宜控制在7～9厘米，桩身砼应从导管式串筒自由倾落，分层振捣高度不得超过1.0米，砼灌注应连续进行。Added.Finally,foreigninvestmentrisk,therearealsoopportunities.Financialcrisiscausedthestockandcorporatebondpricesplummeted,earlyChinesebanks"foreignexchangeassetsintheforeignexchangereservesinvestmentandlosses,butatpresenttheinternationalpricesofmanyfinancialassetsinalow,topromoteforeignmergersandacquisitionsinChinaandpromotingenterprise"goingout"diversifiedcooperation,activelyexploreoverseasresourcesandmarketsandopportunities.Meanwhile,inresponsetotheadverseimpactofworldeconomiccrisisonChina,theStateCouncilannounced10measurestoexpanddomesticdemandandpromotegrowthoverthenexttwoyearstheimplementationofthesemeasureswilltakeabout4trillionyuancentralbudgetsupport.The4trillionyuaninvestmenthasaninkling,transportation,forestry,waterconservancy,people"slivelihood,environmentalprotectionandotherareaswillbeskewed.IncreasedinvestmentwillplayasignificantroleinpromotingChina"seconomicgrowth,atthesametime,thereshouldbeotherpro-growthmeasuresrolledout.AseriesofpositivemeasuresbytheStateandfunctionof4trilliontheCentralTreasury,oureconomywillbesustained,stableandrapiddevelopmentgradually.SectionIImarketanalysisoftechnicalfeasibilityofbiomassfuelshapingtechnologyandequipmentisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Biomassbriquettingtechnologyreferstoacertaintemperatureandunderpressure,willbescatteredandvariousshapesofbiomassrawmaterialsintohighdensity,withavarietyoffuelstechnology.Biomassbriquettingequipmentincludingscrew-extrusionmoldingmachines,mechanicalpistonstampingformingmachine,ringdie-rollandhydraulicpistonstampingmoldingmachines.Mechanicalpistonformingandhydraulicpistonformingmachinetotalupproductionefficiencylowenergyhigh,formerofproductivitylow,actualproductivityin100-200kg,mainworkpartslifelownotforindustrializationproduction;whichmainworkpartslifelong,buthighestproductioncapacitylowerenergyhigh;fromtechnologyindexview,ringdierollpressuretypeformingmachineproductionratehighest,energylow,productscostlow,whiletechnologycontentalsohigh,forYuscaleproductionpromotion.Sinceinthe1980ofthe20thcentury,China"sbio-technologyresearchanddevelopmenthavemadegreatprogress,nationalresearchandproductionequipmentofenterprisesorresearchinstituteshasdozensofhomes.China"sindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuelprototypeisformed,however,tobematureandrealizeindustrialization,youfirstneedtoovercomesomeconstraints,sometechnicalobstacles.Includesthemainworkingpartsoftheshortworkinglife,poorabilitytocoordinateequipmentsystems,runningunstable,andsoon.Also,duetothelackofeffectiveindustrialpractices,solidbiomassindustryisstillinitsinfancyinChina.Biomassfuelshapingtechnology,stableperformanceandlowpowerconsumptionofthedeviceisthecoreofindustrializationofbiomassfuel,goodindustryandtheGovernment"ssupportandthenecessaryfundingisaprerequisiteforindustrializationofbiomassbriquettefuel.Tocompressbiomassbriquetteprocessingcost,youwillneedtoyieldpower,vulnerableperformanceandlowcost,laborcost,controlthreeaspects.Meanwhile,burningofbiomassisalsoontheindustry"scoretechnology,generally,becauseofbiomassfuelstoreplacecoal,canbeused,infact,duetobiomass19'