膨胀土路基施工工法(封水法防护)

'difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.　　Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao"sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.　　Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization"strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.　　Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople"sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao"salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff.　　"Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin膨胀土路基施工工法娄亮辉中铁二十局集团第四工程有限公司山东青岛【摘要】路基施工的质量是目前每条公路施工中都非常重要的问题，直接影响到路面的使用质量，其施工质量越来越受到人们的关注。路基施工的技术决定了路基工程质量的优劣，尤其是特殊路基的施工技术对整个公路的质量有着十分重要的作用。本文结合湖北杭瑞高速公路13标工程建设的实际，介绍了关于膨胀土路基这种特殊路基的施工工艺和工法特点，旨在引导更趋合理的有关膨胀土路基的施工方法，从而达到预期的效果，可供类似工程参考。【关键词】膨胀土，路基，施工，工法一、前言膨胀土路基是工程建设中常见的一种特殊土路基，膨胀土不能直接作为路基填料，必须经过改良处理，使膨胀土的物理、化学性质发生变化，以达到降低膨胀土膨胀潜势、增加强度和提高水稳性的目的，有效防止土体边坡滑坍和变形，保证路基稳定、耐久。中铁二十局四公司承建的湖北杭瑞高速公路13标有4km膨胀土路基，我们针对膨胀土路基施工进行了科技立项，通过大量的试验和实践，分析总结了膨胀土路基施工的特点，掌握了膨胀土路基施工工艺，快速、高效、优质地完成了施工任务，取得了较好的经济效益和社会效益。在施工过程中，不断总结提高，形成本工法。二、工法特点1、膨胀土路基改良处理，缩短了土的凉晒时间，加快了施工进度，并且能够降低工程施工成本。2、膨胀土路基改良处理后，能够消除质量隐患，保持路基稳定。3、膨胀土路基采用“封水法”防护措施，能够防止土体边坡滑坍和变形。三、适用范围本工法适用于高速公路、一级公路、铁路、机场等工程的膨胀土路基施工，也可用于膨胀土路基的病害加固处理。四、施工工艺㈠、工艺原理conferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.　　Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople"sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn"twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople"sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse"soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof7 difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.　　Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao"sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.　　Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization"strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.　　Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople"sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao"salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff.　　"Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin1、膨胀土的特性及分类表1膨胀土判别及分类膨胀土是一种遇水急剧膨胀，失水则严重干缩的高塑性粘土，它含有蒙脱石及伊利石、高岭石等膨胀性矿物，具有很强的亲水性、持水性和很高的可塑性及粘聚性，工程力学性质极不稳定。根据交通部《公路路基施工技术规范》JTJ033-95，膨胀土大致可分强、中、弱三级，见表1。2、膨胀土的方案选择与机理分析目前我国对膨胀土地区工程设计和施工主要是换填或改良处理两种方案。换填是膨胀土路基最简单而且有效的处理方法。即挖除膨胀土，换填非膨胀土或砂砾土，换土深度根据膨胀土的强弱和当地的气候特点确定。在一定深度以下的膨胀土含水量基本不受外界气候的影响，该深度和该含水量称之为该膨胀土在该地区的临界深度和临界含水量。由于各地的气候不同，膨胀土的临界值也有所不同。通常弱—中膨胀土换填为1.0～1.5m，强膨胀土为2m。改性处理就是在膨胀土体内均匀掺入固化材料，使膨胀土的物理、化学性质发生变化，以达到降低膨胀土膨胀潜势、增加强度和提高水稳性的目的。固化材料一般采用石灰、水泥或NCS固化材料，现以石灰为列进行机理分析：膨胀土中掺入石灰遇水后发生反应（CaO+H2O=Ca(OH)2），生成氢氧化钙。氢氧化钙具有可溶性碱的通性。它容易和空气中的二氧化碳结合生成碳酸钙晶体（Ca(OH)2+CO2=CaCO3+H2O），而结成硬块，且碳酸钙本身就是一种非膨胀矿物，对提高强度，减小土的胀缩性起主要作用。3、确定掺灰量根据交通部JTGD30—2004公路路基设计规范以“掺石灰后胀缩总率不超过0.7%为宜”。为了保证膨胀土改良彻底成功，必须做不同掺量的对比试验，测定胀缩率指标是否达到要求，并结合含水量、压实度、CBR值等情况综合确定掺灰量。㈡、工艺流程conferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.　　Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople"sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn"twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople"sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse"soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof7 difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.　　Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao"sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.　　Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization"strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.　　Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople"sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao"salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff.　　"Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin膨胀土改性拌合有路拌、场拌和闷拌等几种方法，其方法各有优缺点，施工中最常用、最方便快捷的是路拌法（路拌法即在路基上将石灰与路基填料直接拌合）。这里主要论述路拌法改良膨胀土施工工艺。膨胀土路基施工工艺流程：施工准备→地基处理→测量放线→分层填筑→平整静压→掺灰拌和→测定掺灰量→碾压→检测。㈢、施工要点1、填土根据填料区段、松铺厚度计算所需膨胀土的数量及每车料的堆放位置和间距，用石灰洒成方格，将填料卸至方格内，松铺厚度一般不大于30cm。2、平整用竹竿标尺及挂线标出填层高度，用推土机将填料摊铺整平。若膨胀土较湿时，应用五铧犁翻耕晾晒，施工时可用核子仪快速检测含水量以确定晾晒时间及洒水量。用平地机初平，使各处填土厚度均匀，用压路机快速静压一遍。3、掺石灰拌合将摊铺机平整的土用核子密度仪或灌砂法、环刀法测土的干密度ρ土及含水量；用钢钎和卷尺测量土的松铺厚度h土；按下式计算掺石灰摊铺所需的厚度H灰。将石灰运至填筑区段用平地机按计算的厚度进行摊铺，必要时采用人工配合，若石灰掺量少，按厚度摊铺有困难，可折算每平方所用的石灰质量，用画方格的方法，每一方格内按计算的石灰重量进行摊铺。摊铺均匀后用五铧犁翻耕，路拌机拌合均匀。4、碾压前检测首先是石灰剂量的检测，将现场拌合好的石灰土取样，通过EDTA二钠标准液滴定，来确定石灰剂量是否符合设计规范要求，如果掺灰量不足则掺至满足规范要求。其次测改性土的含水量，控制在最佳含水量的-2%~+3%范围内，必要时需晾晒或洒水。5、碾压阶段conferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.　　Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople"sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn"twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople"sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse"soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof7 difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.　　Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao"sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.　　Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization"strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.　　Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople"sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao"salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff.　　"Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin用重型振动压路机进行碾压，先静压再振动再静压，从两边往中间，先慢后快。压实度与碾压机械的选择有关，土质变化时可适当调整碾压遍数，直至压实度满足规范要求。6、检测《公路路基施工规范》规定膨胀土的检测频率为4点/1000m2，为保证工程质量，可用核子密度仪快速检测，用灌砂法做对比进行校正，既保证了检测频率及准确性，又缩短了检测时间，加快了作业循环及施工进度。㈣、防护方法1、膨胀土路堤边坡防护⑴、当路堤高度小于等于3m时，采用植草和植矮灌防护。边坡应换填30cm以上的种植土，保证草皮及矮灌的成活率及覆盖率。⑵、边坡高度大于3m时采用拱型或人字型骨架防护，骨架内植草和植矮灌，骨架嵌入坡面的深度不得小于0.8m。骨架根据设计可采用M7.5#浆砌片石或片石砼、素砼。骨架施工时注意控制好浆砌片石或砼的密实性，并每10~15m留沉降缝，沉降缝用沥青麻絮填塞以防水渗入。⑶、路基边坡平台采用浆砌片石或砼封闭，考虑到绿化需要平台上面设置种植槽。2、膨胀土路堑边坡防护根据膨胀土的特性和路堑边坡高度对边坡稳定性的影响，一般来说，膨胀土低边坡（高度小于3m）的胀缩量小，侧压力也较小，对路基边坡的稳定性影响较小。所以一般采用满铺草皮进行边坡防护就能够满足要求。对于膨胀土高边坡（高度大于3m）路堑，一般采用挡墙加格宾网防护（见图1），封闭的整个坡面，达到尽量减小膨胀土胀缩量的目的。㈤、施工注意事项1、膨胀土摊铺后，土块应击碎至粒径5cm以下，可使土块中水分易于蒸发，减少土块本身的膨胀率，且易于掺灰均匀，有利于提高压实效率。2、采用湿度控制法填筑膨胀土时，宜采用非膨胀土性填料（石灰改性土）封闭边坡及顶面，以减少路基土含水量受外界大气、水文条件的影响。3、由于水是影响膨胀土的最大因素，施工时应加强排水。施工前应开挖临时排水沟至河道、塘、排洪渠内，降低膨胀土施工地段的地下水位，并保证路堤不浸水；conferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.　　Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople"sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn"twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople"sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse"soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof7 difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.　　Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao"sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.　　Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization"strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.　　Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople"sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao"salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff.　　"Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin施工中路堤要设路拱，路拱坡度可采用4%；确保路基顶部不积水，边坡每50~100m图1要设置急流槽排水，以防止边坡被冲刷。4、膨胀土路堤填筑时应避开雨季，施工时各道工序紧密衔接，连续施工，分段完成。路基填筑后不应间隔太久或越冬后再做路面。5、膨胀土路堤按设计修整后，应立即进行边坡防护工程施工，防止雨水侵蚀。五、机具设备（见表2）表2机具设备序号名称规格单位数量备注1挖掘机EX300-3台22推土机TY220台23压路机CA25D台24平地机PY160B台15路拌机台16自卸汽车12T台6六、劳动组织（见表3）表3劳动组织序号工种人数序号工种人数1队长15机械操作人员142技术主管16修理工1conferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.　　Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople"sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn"twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople"sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse"soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof7 difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.　　Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao"sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.　　Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization"strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.　　Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople"sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao"salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff.　　"Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin3测量员37其他特殊工种人员34试验员28普工5七、质量控制1、严格控制掺灰量。掺灰量的多少直接决定膨胀土路基的填筑质量。掺灰量必须采用双层控制，在摊铺石灰前，必须根据填土厚度计算掺灰量，掺灰后，必须用滴定法测定掺灰量。2、石灰的质量必须达到国家三级石灰标准以上，即钙镁含量必须大于75%。石灰必须摊铺均匀，然后按照要求用路拌机充分拌和均匀，以保证路基的整体质量。3、严格控制含水量，含水量较高时，必须凉晒。4、路基填筑后，如果出现反弹现象，必须及时进行换填或改性处理。5、严格遵循膨胀土路基施工工艺进行施工，填土层检测项目及标准见表4。表4检测项目及标准序号检查项目规定值检查方法1松铺厚度30～35cm2压实度下路堤93%，上路堤94%，路床96%每1000m2检查4处3掺灰量试验测定后的确定掺灰值滴定法4压实面平整度允许误差±20mm挂线检查八、安全措施1、加强对施工人员进行安全教育，树立安全第一的思想，文明施工。2、建立健全安全领导机构，分工明确，责任到人。3、严格规定机械行走路线，设置明显的界限标志，防止相互干扰和碰撞。机械在路基边沿作业时，应留出安全距离，防止机械下滑和翻车。九、效益分析1、缩短了凉晒时间，加快了施工进度。2、采用掺6%石灰改性处理，比换填等其他处理方案降低成本约30%，并使路基工程质量得到有效保证，从根本上解决了膨胀土地区工程病害，减少了工后大量的维修成本。3、做到了充分利用土地资源，保护了自然环境。conferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.　　Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople"sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn"twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople"sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse"soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof7 difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.　　Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao"sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.　　Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization"strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.　　Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople"sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao"salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff.　　"Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin十、工程实例湖北杭瑞高速公路13标部分路基为膨胀土地段，主要成分为蒙脱石及伊利石、高岭石等膨胀性矿物，干燥时非常硬，吸水后成为流塑状态，强度和硬度急剧下降。工地现场取样试验的物理力学指标为：天然含水量22.5%，液限51.2%，塑性指数28，自由膨胀率46%，属于弱膨胀土。经大面积取样试验，管段内有约120万方（挖填总量）的弱膨胀土，采用换填方法将严重影响进度，也很难找到合适的土源。经试验研究，决定采用掺6%的石灰进行改性处理。通过现场试验，若采用CA25D光轮压路机，松辅厚度为30cm，静压2遍、振动碾压4遍、静压2遍，压实度可达到93%以上；而采用BW219PHD光轮压路机，静压2遍、振动碾压3遍、静压2遍，压实度可达到93%以上。改性处理后的路基经多次进行钻探取样试验，弱膨胀土掺6%的石灰改良后，含水量在18%左右，压实度平均达96%。经过对管段膨胀土路基填高11m的路堤1年的沉降观测，路基顶面下沉量平均为3.9cm，符合设计要求。该工程验收合格率100%，分项工程优良率96%。【参考文献】[1]张湧,谢宝玉,郝中海。膨胀土路基处理技术研究[J]。公路，2001年07期。[2]徐胜文。膨胀土路堑边坡处治方法研究综述[J]。低温建筑技术，2010年01期。[3]杨爱武，贾翔。江淮膨胀土地区公路路基病害及处理方法[J]。安徽建筑工业学院学报(自然科学版)，2007年03期。[4]吴建强。石灰改良土填筑高等级公路路基施工研究[J]。交通标准化，2010年02期。[5]高春华，郭应诏。安阳地区膨胀土改性及动力特性试验研究[J]。建筑科学，2009年11期。[6]高继文。高速公路路基膨胀土的改性处理及其施工要点[J]。山西建筑，2008年34期。[7]阎国平,胡举印,应国刚。膨胀土性质及分类综述[J]。交通科技与经济，2004年03期。[8]曾庆峰。浅议石灰改良土在路基施工中的应用[J]。科技致富向导，2011年11期。[9]仲维玲。改良膨胀土施工工艺参数研究[J]。石家庄铁道学院学报，2006年03期。[10]郭志勇。膨胀土改性试验及动力特性[J]。长安大学学报(自然科学版)，2003年04期。[11]刘美良。膨胀土路基处理措施及效果分析[J]。西部探矿工程，2004年01期。[12]段萌笋，郑春元，郁时炼。石灰改良膨胀土特性试验分析[A]。第十三届全国结构工程学术会议论文集（第Ⅱ册）[C]，2004年。conferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.　　Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople"sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn"twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople"sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse"soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof7 difficult,nothating;blueprints,notrhetoric;wordsandsimple,butfulloflove,truth,passion,entrepreneurialpassion.　　Takethisopportunity,myinspirationalquotesLiDazhao"sclassic"ironspecialiseinupliftingblendwiththearticle"gaveeveryone,withaviewonhowtodowellunderthenewsituationoftownshipandvillageleadersinspireandhelp,andalsosharewithyou.Agoodplaytocreateironshouldersstrongarms,toassumetheburdenbepassed;onlyspecificqualities,willitbepossibleinspecificareastocreateaworld.　　Inmyview,villagechiefsinthenewsituation,wemustfirsthavefivebasicquality.Oneambitionistopioneer."Whoishandsome."Peopleonlyhigh-mindedcanstimulatetheflowofmomentumtobecomebraveandpersistent,becomequietandpowerful.Townshipandvillageparty"leaders",withintheirrespectivejurisdictions,politicalstabilityandeconomicandsocialdevelopmentissues,decisionsandorientationdependstoalargeextentbecauseofyour.Everybodyinvillagechiefsandthepositions,boththetrustofthemasses,theOrganization"strust,moreabilitytoyou,fullyaffirmedthemoralandotherqualities.　　Therefore,wemustalwaysmaintainthehistoricalmissionandsocialresponsibility,andouridealtreerootedinthehardworkofthesoil,withindomitablespirit,indomitablecouragetoopenupanewsituationofvillagesandtowns.Tohaveafeelingofclosenesstothesecond."Thepeopleandcountry."Ourbusinessfoundationinthepeople"sbloodinthepeoplepowerpeople.Advanceddecisionsofthepartycadrestothefeelingsofthepeopleisaneternaltheme.FanZhong-yan,called"first,andenjoycomfortaboutothers",ZhengBanqiao"salsowrotea"YaChailaylisteningtotherustlingofbamboo,thesuspectissuffering.CaoCountyofficials,littlemy,atotalturnoff.　　"Oldoffeudalofficialevenhassofeelings,aloneweisto"serving"forpurposesofpeopleservantdoes?wemoreshouldalwaysholdwithonpeopleofdeepfeelings,heartDepartmentmassesofleadingvisitedtea,caremassesofemotionsthoughtscomplained,alwaysinsistedputmassesofinterestsputinfirst,consciouslyfromitselfdoup,fromsmalldoup,frommassesmostcare,andmostdirectly,andmostrealityofinterestsproblemgrabbed,realdoloveforpeoplebyDepartment,andrightforpeoplebywith,andLeeforpeoplebyconspiracyto.Threewiththefameofmind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutserenitynotgofar."Ascensiontofameismorality,isthesublimationofthesoul.AsTownshipandvillage,besuretomaintainanormalstateofmind,establishacorrectviewpointonpower,positionandvaluesandOutlook,asfameislightlikewater,depending...50km,alsoredandlikehundredsofthousandsoftheKMTmilitarycombat,buthewentontocollectavarietyofnewspapersandmagazines,andthenraceagainsttimetoporeover.Aslongasthestudyofmind,itisnotnecessarytocometothelibrary,workshops,intothevillages,peoplelearnedfarmingtechniques,problem-solvingmethods,participationin[13]张禹，齐飞。膨胀土路基施工处理浅论[J]。中国城市经济，2011年11期。[14]张敏敏。高速公路工程膨胀土路基的施工处理[J]。城市建设理论研究，2011年25期。conferences,learnedsuperiorspolicies;reports,youcanlearntodealwithproblems,art,justwantedtolearn,tolearnatanytime.Tocontinuouslyexpandthescopeofthestudy.Thecomplexityandcomprehensivenessofourwork,decidedtonotonlydowewanttobe"professionals",orif"generalists",todabbleindifferentareasofknowledge.Masteryofknowledgenotonlytohaveknowledgetorationalanalysis.Thisonrequirementswe,notonlytolearningnationalofroute,andapproach,andpolicy,alsotolearningnationaloflegal,andregulations;notonlytowithpoliticaltheoryarmedmind,alsotowitheconomictheoryguidework;notonlytoreadhistory,alsotoreadhistory;notonlytoabsorptionSMofmirror,alsotogetsisofroad;notonlytofromlocallearn,alsototooutsidelearn;notonlytotobookslearn,alsotofieldstudylearn.　　Therefore,Iwouldencourageyou,andmoretotheoutsideworldwhenIhavetimetotakealookat,takeastroll,outsidedevelopments,learnotherpeople"sdevelopmentapproach,andthencomebacktoguideourwork.Second,wemustthink."Learningwithoutthoughttoovershadow,thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous."Wewanttofosterthecharacterofadvancingwiththetimes,forgeahead,oftenreflectthemselvesinadaptingtothenewsituationonwhethertherearedelays,haveanythingtofearinthereformandinnovation,whetherintermsofacceleratingthedevelopmentofarelaxation,keeppromisingStateofmind.Inordertodoinvestigations,investigationsistheroadtoheaven,Goddisposesofthebase.Towantstorealheardtruth,andjusticetotruth,andgettruth,receivedeffectiveness,onmustin-depthactual,andoutreach,andin-depthmasses,worshipmassesforDivision,andmassesheart,withmasseswithdiscussioneveryonecareofproblem,listeningtheyofcalls,understandtheyofmood,feeltheyofsuffering,summarytheyofexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,especiallyonmassesmosthope,andmosturgent,andmostworries,andmostcomplainedofhot,anddifficultiesandfocusproblem,moretoactiveresearch,caughtnotput.Daretoinnovate,inourwork,oftenremain"theoldwaydoesn"twork,thenewapproachwouldnot"situation,thereason,thekeyisthatmanypeopleknowthatcopyingotherpeople"sideas,mechanically,usingsomeoneelse"soldways.Tochangethispredicament,requiresustobreaktheshacklesoftraditionalconceptstoovercomeconservative,conformist,goodatfindingnewproblemsandtoacceptnewthings,summarizenewexperience,newideas,developingnewprogrammesandMaverick,anewapproachtosolveproblems,speedupdevelopment.Especiallyinimplementsuperiorpolicyspiritofprocessinthe,bothimplementation,andcannotmechanically,totoextraordinaryofcourageanddevelopenterprisingofspirit,putflexibilityandprinciplecombinedup,putsuperiorofspiritandlocalrealitycombinedup,Yongconspiracytobreakthroughofpolicy,andexerciseinnovationoflift,developedoutdevelopmentworksof,andgrass-rootswelcomesof7'