m隧道工程施工图设计(新奥法 复合式衬砌)_yg

'隧道工程设计1技术标准道路等级：次干道（Ⅱ级）；计算行车速度：30Km/h；设计荷载：城-B级；隧道建筑限界（1）限界净宽：11.4m（人行道1.45m+左侧向宽度0.5m+行车道7.5m+右侧向宽度0.5m+人行道1.45m）（2）行车道宽度：7.5m（3）限界净高：机动车道：4.5m人行道：2.50m（4）行驶方向：双向行驶（5）行车道正常横坡：1.5%5、设计抗震标准：基本烈度Ⅵ度，采取Ⅶ构造措施；6、隧道内卫生标准：（1）一氧化碳（CO）允许浓度正常营运时为200ppm，发生事故时，短时间（15min）以内，为250ppm；（2）烟尘允许浓度：正常营运时为0.0075m-1。（3）隧道内纵向风速小于7m／S。2设计范围隧道进口（设计起点）在道路里程K0+070处，隧道出口（设计终点）在道路里程K0+374处，隧道全长304m，为单洞双向双车道隧道。3隧道设计3.1线路设计（1）平面设计coefficientnotgreaterthan1.3;Highefficiency:control1hourtraveltimebetweenanytwopointswithinthevariousgroupswithintheareauptohalfanhour,1-houraccesstotheairport,45minreachedthecity"smaintraffichub,externalhighwayforhalfanhourwiththemainchannelsconnectingbus1.5hoursbetweenanytwogroupsofcoreareas;Intensive:2030transitsharerateofaround35%,2050bussharingrateof45%percent.3rdchapter,Yibincity,trafficsituationandGeneral...3.1.1citytrafficstatus1,externaltransportpassengerandcargotrafficinYibincity,trafficatthepresentmainrailway,highway,waterwayandairfourmodesofpassengerandfreighttransport,thereandculturalheritage,highlightingtheculturaltasteandshapecharacteristicsofthecityinYibin.Accordingtoforecasts,vision2050populationwillreach2.1millionpeopleinthecenterofYibincity,urbanlandisaround210km2.Figure2.6-12050figure2.7landuseplanningintheCenterCity,Yibincitydevelopmentrequiresthedevelopmentofbusrapidtransitconstructionandsocio-economicdevelopmenttrends,Yibincitycoordination,supportingurbanspacelayoutandinfrastructurenetworks,transportorganized,internalandexternaltraffichubsmoothlylinking,realizingsustainabledevelopmentofYibincityintegratedtransportationsystem.Concretecanbesummarizedas,accessible,efficient,intensiveandsustainable.Accessibility:Centralbuilt-uparearoadnetworkdensityofabout7.0km/km2;buslinedensityof3-4km/km2,bustransfer 隧道平面线形主要由路线方案控制，本次设计充分研究了隧道所处区域的地形及地质情况、隧道施工方案、两端接线条件和工程投资等因素。整条隧道都处在同一条直线上.隧道全长304m。（2）纵断面设计隧道纵断面线型设计综合考虑了地形、地质条件、排水、施工及隧道两端的接线条件，隧道洞身设计为：隧道为单向坡，隧道纵坡为1.74%。路面横坡1.5%，为双向坡。3.2建筑限界及衬砌内净空隧道断面内轮廓除符合隧道建筑限界的规划定外，还应考虑洞内排水，照明、防火、监控营运管理等附属设施所需要的空间、地质情况、结构受力、施工方法等，使断面形式及尺寸，达到安全、经济、全理。根据《公路隧道设计规范》的有关规定结合本线情况,推荐方案隧道净宽12.05m，净高8.39m，行车道宽度7.5m，人道宽度1.45m，分侧设置,左、右侧向宽度均为0.5m，限高4.5m。衬砌内净空根据本隧道具体情况，内净空均采用三心园曲墙式，内净空与建筑限界之间的净空预留了内装饰层净空，同时还考虑了照明及营运管理设施所需空间。对于内净空形状的设计，通过分析隧道所处位置的地质构造和地应力条件，经数值模拟分析表明:采用三心园曲边墙受力条件和通风较好，开挖面积也较小；综合应力分布状态、工程投资及施工条件等因素，本次设计决定采用三心园曲边墙内空断面型式。（详见隧道建筑限界及内轮廓断面设计图）。3.3隧道支护与衬砌结构隧道衬砌结构设计原则为：按新奥法原理进行设计，衬砌结构为复合式衬砌。支护参数根据结构分析与工程类比相结合确定。施工中应通过现场监控量测和结构位移反分析适时调整支护参数和施工方法，并确定合理的二次衬砌施作时间。Ⅳ、Ⅴcoefficientnotgreaterthan1.3;Highefficiency:control1hourtraveltimebetweenanytwopointswithinthevariousgroupswithintheareauptohalfanhour,1-houraccesstotheairport,45minreachedthecity"smaintraffichub,externalhighwayforhalfanhourwiththemainchannelsconnectingbus1.5hoursbetweenanytwogroupsofcoreareas;Intensive:2030transitsharerateofaround35%,2050bussharingrateof45%percent.3rdchapter,Yibincity,trafficsituationandGeneral...3.1.1citytrafficstatus1,externaltransportpassengerandcargotrafficinYibincity,trafficatthepresentmainrailway,highway,waterwayandairfourmodesofpassengerandfreighttransport,thereandculturalheritage,highlightingtheculturaltasteandshapecharacteristicsofthecityinYibin.Accordingtoforecasts,vision2050populationwillreach2.1millionpeopleinthecenterofYibincity,urbanlandisaround210km2.Figure2.6-12050figure2.7landuseplanningintheCenterCity,Yibincitydevelopmentrequiresthedevelopmentofbusrapidtransitconstructionandsocio-economicdevelopmenttrends,Yibincitycoordination,supportingurbanspacelayoutandinfrastructurenetworks,transportorganized,internalandexternaltraffichubsmoothlylinking,realizingsustainabledevelopmentofYibincityintegratedtransportationsystem.Concretecanbesummarizedas,accessible,efficient,intensiveandsustainable.Accessibility:Centralbuilt-uparearoadnetworkdensityofabout7.0km/km2;buslinedensityof3-4km/km2,bustransfer 级围岩衬砌为曲墙有仰拱，并设钢架作加劲支护，二次衬砌采用C30钢筋混凝土衬砌；洞口段设加强衬砌，并设置钢架作加劲支护；同时辅以超前支护，二次衬砌采用C30钢筋混凝土衬砌。同时围岩较差地段的衬砌向围岩较好地段延伸10米。隧道结构设计参数详见隧道支护参数表：隧道支护参数表围岩级别衬砌类别预留变形量(cm)初期支护C30砼（钢筋砼）二衬(cm)辅助施工措施C25喷射砼(cm)锚杆钢筋网钢架类型长度(m)间距(m)类型间距(cm)规格间距(m)拱墙仰拱ⅣⅣ级围岩复合式衬砌1020φ22砂浆锚杆3.51.0×1.0φ820×20格栅钢架1.04545—coefficientnotgreaterthan1.3;Highefficiency:control1hourtraveltimebetweenanytwopointswithinthevariousgroupswithintheareauptohalfanhour,1-houraccesstotheairport,45minreachedthecity"smaintraffichub,externalhighwayforhalfanhourwiththemainchannelsconnectingbus1.5hoursbetweenanytwogroupsofcoreareas;Intensive:2030transitsharerateofaround35%,2050bussharingrateof45%percent.3rdchapter,Yibincity,trafficsituationandGeneral...3.1.1citytrafficstatus1,externaltransportpassengerandcargotrafficinYibincity,trafficatthepresentmainrailway,highway,waterwayandairfourmodesofpassengerandfreighttransport,thereandculturalheritage,highlightingtheculturaltasteandshapecharacteristicsofthecityinYibin.Accordingtoforecasts,vision2050populationwillreach2.1millionpeopleinthecenterofYibincity,urbanlandisaround210km2.Figure2.6-12050figure2.7landuseplanningintheCenterCity,Yibincitydevelopmentrequiresthedevelopmentofbusrapidtransitconstructionandsocio-economicdevelopmenttrends,Yibincitycoordination,supportingurbanspacelayoutandinfrastructurenetworks,transportorganized,internalandexternaltraffichubsmoothlylinking,realizingsustainabledevelopmentofYibincityintegratedtransportationsystem.Concretecanbesummarizedas,accessible,efficient,intensiveandsustainable.Accessibility:Centralbuilt-uparearoadnetworkdensityofabout7.0km/km2;buslinedensityof3-4km/km2,bustransfer ⅤⅤ级围岩复合式衬砌1322φ25砂浆锚杆4.00.8×0.8φ815×15I160.85050φ42超前小导管，L=5.0m、环距=0.40m，排距=3.2mⅤⅤ级围岩洞口加强衬砌1326φ25砂浆锚杆4.00.8×0.8φ815×15I20a0.85050φ108超前大管棚，L=18m、环距=0.4m，15m一个循环—明洞衬砌—————————6060—3.4洞门设计本次隧道洞门采用端墙式洞门，洞门顶部按1：1.5坡比放坡到现状地面，放坡后采用网格护坡，并在网格内植草绿化，在洞门顶部设置排水沟，在坡顶设置截水沟，排水沟及截水沟内的水就近接入城市排水系统。由于XX洞门处存在滑坡，滑坡主滑方向与隧道轴线平行，滑坡体厚度不大，且稳定性较差，为了确保隧道施工安全，本次设计考虑清除隧道范围内顶部的滑坡体,清除滑坡体体积约16000立方米。然后再进行隧道施工，隧道两侧滑坡土体的放坡坡比为1：1.5。放坡后采用网格进行加固，并植草绿化。隧道顶由于清除滑坡体裸露的岩石采用挂网锚喷支护。喷射C25砼12cm，锚杆采用1Φ22mm，锚孔φ75mm，锚杆长4mcoefficientnotgreaterthan1.3;Highefficiency:control1hourtraveltimebetweenanytwopointswithinthevariousgroupswithintheareauptohalfanhour,1-houraccesstotheairport,45minreachedthecity"smaintraffichub,externalhighwayforhalfanhourwiththemainchannelsconnectingbus1.5hoursbetweenanytwogroupsofcoreareas;Intensive:2030transitsharerateofaround35%,2050bussharingrateof45%percent.3rdchapter,Yibincity,trafficsituationandGeneral...3.1.1citytrafficstatus1,externaltransportpassengerandcargotrafficinYibincity,trafficatthepresentmainrailway,highway,waterwayandairfourmodesofpassengerandfreighttransport,thereandculturalheritage,highlightingtheculturaltasteandshapecharacteristicsofthecityinYibin.Accordingtoforecasts,vision2050populationwillreach2.1millionpeopleinthecenterofYibincity,urbanlandisaround210km2.Figure2.6-12050figure2.7landuseplanningintheCenterCity,Yibincitydevelopmentrequiresthedevelopmentofbusrapidtransitconstructionandsocio-economicdevelopmenttrends,Yibincitycoordination,supportingurbanspacelayoutandinfrastructurenetworks,transportorganized,internalandexternaltraffichubsmoothlylinking,realizingsustainabledevelopmentofYibincityintegratedtransportationsystem.Concretecanbesummarizedas,accessible,efficient,intensiveandsustainable.Accessibility:Centralbuilt-uparearoadnetworkdensityofabout7.0km/km2;buslinedensityof3-4km/km2,bustransfer ，与水平面夹角为15度，间距为2X2m，钢筋网采用φ8@200X200mm。隧道两侧边坡设计为岩石部分采用1：0.75放坡，土层部分才用1：1.5放坡，放坡后均采用网格护坡，并植草绿化。岩层顶面留不小于2m的平台。由于本滑坡范围大，稳定性差，故隧道范围外的滑坡体不在本次设计范围之内。3.5建筑材料1、隧道拱、边墙、仰拱采用C30防水钢筋混凝土，防水等级二级，抗渗等级不低于S6，耐侵蚀系数不小于0.85。为提高混凝土的耐久性能，确保结构设计使用年限，防止混凝土开裂，混凝土中应掺入胶凝用量8%的GNA-P高效抗裂防水膨胀剂2、喷射混凝土：C25早强混凝土。3、结构钢筋：HPB235级、HRB335级钢筋。钢筋直径大于16mm时采用剥肋滚轧直螺纹连接，满足重庆市《钢筋剥肋滚轧直螺纹连接技术规程》（DB50/5027—2004）。4、锚杆：中空注浆锚杆或砂浆锚杆。3.6防排水（1）隧道洞口地表防排水本隧道防水设计采用“防、排、截、堵相结合，刚柔相济，因地制宜，综合治理”的原则。为了截排洞口地表水，使洞口工程不被坡面水冲蚀，并保证洞口路段良好的营运条件，在洞口仰坡及边坡以外的适当位置设置截水沟，在洞门端墙背后设置排水沟，并将水引入路基水沟或就近的沟及涵洞。（2）隧道洞身防排水1）衬砌背后设置纵向、环向透水盲管，将衬砌背后部分水引至出口，由横向排水管排入隧道两侧边沟；环向透水盲管每5mcoefficientnotgreaterthan1.3;Highefficiency:control1hourtraveltimebetweenanytwopointswithinthevariousgroupswithintheareauptohalfanhour,1-houraccesstotheairport,45minreachedthecity"smaintraffichub,externalhighwayforhalfanhourwiththemainchannelsconnectingbus1.5hoursbetweenanytwogroupsofcoreareas;Intensive:2030transitsharerateofaround35%,2050bussharingrateof45%percent.3rdchapter,Yibincity,trafficsituationandGeneral...3.1.1citytrafficstatus1,externaltransportpassengerandcargotrafficinYibincity,trafficatthepresentmainrailway,highway,waterwayandairfourmodesofpassengerandfreighttransport,thereandculturalheritage,highlightingtheculturaltasteandshapecharacteristicsofthecityinYibin.Accordingtoforecasts,vision2050populationwillreach2.1millionpeopleinthecenterofYibincity,urbanlandisaround210km2.Figure2.6-12050figure2.7landuseplanningintheCenterCity,Yibincitydevelopmentrequiresthedevelopmentofbusrapidtransitconstructionandsocio-economicdevelopmenttrends,Yibincitycoordination,supportingurbanspacelayoutandinfrastructurenetworks,transportorganized,internalandexternaltraffichubsmoothlylinking,realizingsustainabledevelopmentofYibincityintegratedtransportationsystem.Concretecanbesummarizedas,accessible,efficient,intensiveandsustainable.Accessibility:Centralbuilt-uparearoadnetworkdensityofabout7.0km/km2;buslinedensityof3-4km/km2,bustransfer 设一道，地下水量较大地段应适当加密。2）洞内清洗水通过隧道两侧路缘带的水沟将路面水排出隧道外。3）隧道地下水通过环向和纵向透水盲管及φ50横向排水管汇集至路缘带下水沟。4）二次衬砌与初期支护之间铺设SF1三合一自粘防水防护卷材（2mm厚，幅宽3m），SF1三合一自粘防水防护卷材应为四层材料，第一层为聚酯无纺布，第二层为高分子片材EVA或PVC，第三层为自粘胶，第四层为隔离材料。隔离材料施工时应撕去，以使防水防护卷材料紧贴二衬混凝土。5）施工缝设缓膨型止水条，沉降缝设橡胶止水带。6）在隧道衬砌内表面喷涂GJ-923硅基防水渗透剂，以增强防水效果。7）隧道衬砌混凝土应为防水混凝土，其抗渗等级不低于S6，混凝土中掺入胶凝用量8%的GNA-P高效抗裂膨胀剂。3.7监控与量测监控量测是新奥法施工的重要组成部分，施工中应以量测信息指导施工，通过反馈信息来不断完善设计，以达到施工安全、快速、经济的目的。一般地段监控量测的必测项目有拱顶下沉、洞内水平收敛位移、支护内应力量测、锚杆轴力量测。对上述量测项目应有专人负责，作好记录，并定期进行分析，及时对工作面及围岩支护体系的稳定状况作出判断，以便采取相应的措施确保施工安全。此外还应对相关构筑物进行爆破振动、力学行为变化的监控量测。3.8路面隧道内路面采用复合式路面结构，上面层为11cm沥青混凝土分为两层，第一层为AK-13A（SBS改性沥青混凝土）4cmcoefficientnotgreaterthan1.3;Highefficiency:control1hourtraveltimebetweenanytwopointswithinthevariousgroupswithintheareauptohalfanhour,1-houraccesstotheairport,45minreachedthecity"smaintraffichub,externalhighwayforhalfanhourwiththemainchannelsconnectingbus1.5hoursbetweenanytwogroupsofcoreareas;Intensive:2030transitsharerateofaround35%,2050bussharingrateof45%percent.3rdchapter,Yibincity,trafficsituationandGeneral...3.1.1citytrafficstatus1,externaltransportpassengerandcargotrafficinYibincity,trafficatthepresentmainrailway,highway,waterwayandairfourmodesofpassengerandfreighttransport,thereandculturalheritage,highlightingtheculturaltasteandshapecharacteristicsofthecityinYibin.Accordingtoforecasts,vision2050populationwillreach2.1millionpeopleinthecenterofYibincity,urbanlandisaround210km2.Figure2.6-12050figure2.7landuseplanningintheCenterCity,Yibincitydevelopmentrequiresthedevelopmentofbusrapidtransitconstructionandsocio-economicdevelopmenttrends,Yibincitycoordination,supportingurbanspacelayoutandinfrastructurenetworks,transportorganized,internalandexternaltraffichubsmoothlylinking,realizingsustainabledevelopmentofYibincityintegratedtransportationsystem.Concretecanbesummarizedas,accessible,efficient,intensiveandsustainable.Accessibility:Centralbuilt-uparearoadnetworkdensityofabout7.0km/km2;buslinedensityof3-4km/km2,bustransfer ，第二层为AC-20（中粒式密级配沥青混凝土）7cm。下面层为20cm钢纤维混凝土，上、下面层间设0.7cm厚乳化沥青稀浆封层。沥青混凝土上面层为全幅摊铺，钢纤维混凝土下面层做单独接缝与分仓设计。接缝有横缝、纵缝。横缝有横向胀缝和横向缩缝及横向施工缝：横向胀缝设于隧路分界处，胀缝内加设φ28的传力杆；横向缩缝分带φ28的传力杆和不带传力杆两种；横向施工缝应尽量少设，并加设传力杆。纵缝分纵向边缝和纵向缩缝，纵向边缝设在行车道两边，纵向缩缝设于行车道中线处，并加设φ14的拉杆。11cm上面层沥青混凝土中应掺入FRMAXTM阻燃改性剂。FRMAXTM阻燃改性剂为制备阻燃沥青混合料的专用阻燃改性剂，应干燥、无污染，在与骨料和沥青拌和过程中能自由流动而不产生泡，其性能指标应符合下表的规定。阻燃沥青混合料外加阻燃改性剂性能指标项目技术指标外形尺寸3mm×5mm圆柱阻燃改性剂有效含量≥70%密度0.8~2.0熔融温度≥120℃分解温度≥260℃根据不同阻燃性——氧指数，FRMAXTM阻燃改性剂掺量不同，其对应关系参考如下表所示，氧指数应大于24%。表5FRMAXTM阻燃改性剂掺量范围氧指数FRMAXTM阻燃改性剂掺量范围24%混合料内沥青含量的8%～11%26%混合料内沥青含量的14%～16%28%混合料内沥青含量的18%～20%3.9装饰隧道侧墙装饰采用白色墙砖，饰面高度3.15m（人行coefficientnotgreaterthan1.3;Highefficiency:control1hourtraveltimebetweenanytwopointswithinthevariousgroupswithintheareauptohalfanhour,1-houraccesstotheairport,45minreachedthecity"smaintraffichub,externalhighwayforhalfanhourwiththemainchannelsconnectingbus1.5hoursbetweenanytwogroupsofcoreareas;Intensive:2030transitsharerateofaround35%,2050bussharingrateof45%percent.3rdchapter,Yibincity,trafficsituationandGeneral...3.1.1citytrafficstatus1,externaltransportpassengerandcargotrafficinYibincity,trafficatthepresentmainrailway,highway,waterwayandairfourmodesofpassengerandfreighttransport,thereandculturalheritage,highlightingtheculturaltasteandshapecharacteristicsofthecityinYibin.Accordingtoforecasts,vision2050populationwillreach2.1millionpeopleinthecenterofYibincity,urbanlandisaround210km2.Figure2.6-12050figure2.7landuseplanningintheCenterCity,Yibincitydevelopmentrequiresthedevelopmentofbusrapidtransitconstructionandsocio-economicdevelopmenttrends,Yibincitycoordination,supportingurbanspacelayoutandinfrastructurenetworks,transportorganized,internalandexternaltraffichubsmoothlylinking,realizingsustainabledevelopmentofYibincityintegratedtransportationsystem.Concretecanbesummarizedas,accessible,efficient,intensiveandsustainable.Accessibility:Centralbuilt-uparearoadnetworkdensityofabout7.0km/km2;buslinedensityof3-4km/km2,bustransfer 道平面算起）。隧道白色墙砖以上部分基层喷涂防火涂料厚6mm，再喷涂厚1mm铁兰色涂料面层。隧道防火涂料选用隧道专用防火涂料，喷涂6mm防火涂料后砼耐火时限不小于45分钟，鉴于隧道环境潮湿且应便于冲洗，面层涂料应选用防潮、防霉与可冲洗的涂料。3.10抗震设计该区地震基本烈度VI度，隧道工程抗震设防按有关规定办理。3.11邻近构筑物施工的安全措施1、施工单位施工前应对相关构筑物作详细调查，根据调查资料，精心组织施工。据调查资料，如有必要，为确保既有构筑物的安全，应采取增加其承载力以及修复劣化、开裂部位的措施。2、基坑开挖应尽量采用机械切割的方法，当条件允许放炮开挖时应采用预裂爆破或预留光爆层光面爆破，并通过试爆来确定爆破参数，以确保周围建筑物的安全并减少对边坡岩体的扰动；锚喷支护应及时紧跟开挖面，避免水、风化等作用降低基坑围岩的强度和稳定性；及时抽排基坑内的积水，封堵基坑围岩的渗漏水。3、加强监控量测。3.12施工监测为保证本工程施工期间周边环境的安全，需要建立一套严密、科学的量测监控系统，全过程追踪基坑四周及周边既有建筑物的变形情况，分析、判断、预测施工中可能出现的情况，消除各种隐患，确保工程本身及周边既有建筑物的安全。施工中应进行下列监测：1）基坑变形监测；2）隧道净空变形监测；3）拱顶回填后路面及场坪变形监测；coefficientnotgreaterthan1.3;Highefficiency:control1hourtraveltimebetweenanytwopointswithinthevariousgroupswithintheareauptohalfanhour,1-houraccesstotheairport,45minreachedthecity"smaintraffichub,externalhighwayforhalfanhourwiththemainchannelsconnectingbus1.5hoursbetweenanytwogroupsofcoreareas;Intensive:2030transitsharerateofaround35%,2050bussharingrateof45%percent.3rdchapter,Yibincity,trafficsituationandGeneral...3.1.1citytrafficstatus1,externaltransportpassengerandcargotrafficinYibincity,trafficatthepresentmainrailway,highway,waterwayandairfourmodesofpassengerandfreighttransport,thereandculturalheritage,highlightingtheculturaltasteandshapecharacteristicsofthecityinYibin.Accordingtoforecasts,vision2050populationwillreach2.1millionpeopleinthecenterofYibincity,urbanlandisaround210km2.Figure2.6-12050figure2.7landuseplanningintheCenterCity,Yibincitydevelopmentrequiresthedevelopmentofbusrapidtransitconstructionandsocio-economicdevelopmenttrends,Yibincitycoordination,supportingurbanspacelayoutandinfrastructurenetworks,transportorganized,internalandexternaltraffichubsmoothlylinking,realizingsustainabledevelopmentofYibincityintegratedtransportationsystem.Concretecanbesummarizedas,accessible,efficient,intensiveandsustainable.Accessibility:Centralbuilt-uparearoadnetworkdensityofabout7.0km/km2;buslinedensityof3-4km/km2,bustransfer 4）周围既有建筑物及地下管线监测。5）支护结构水平位移施工监测断面间距一般为50米，特殊地段视现场实际情况加密。4消防及通风本隧道长304m，限制通行危险品，为四类城市隧道，根据《建筑设计防火规范》（GB50016-2006）第12.2.1条（在进行城市交通隧道的规划与设计时，应同时设计消防给水系统。四类隧道和行人或通行非机动车辆的三类隧道，可不设置消防给水系统）及第12.3.1条（通行机动车的一、二、三类隧道应设置机械排烟系统，通行机动车的四类隧道可采取自然排烟方式）的规定，在隧道内可不设置消防给水系统和机械排烟系统，隧道采用自然排烟方式。本工程的方案设计必须征得当地消防主管部门的同意后，方能开展下阶段设计工作。5弃碴与环保1、主要问题隧道工程对环境的影响主要表现在由于隧道开挖将改变原有边坡，引起稳定性下降；选择弃碴场不当可能引起泥石流和水土流失。2、防治措施（1）隧道洞口在设计时考虑经济的情况下，控制边仰坡的开挖，同时作好必要的坡面防护和地表排水。（2）隧道弃碴应尽量作为路基填方使用，多余碴体应弃于专设的弃碴场内，并设置浆砌片石挡墙，碴场上部地带和周围做好截排水沟工程。碴底采用盲沟疏排渗水，碴场进行复土还耕。弃碴严禁弃于河流及沟内。（3）施工中产生的有害废水、废气，必须经过处理后方可排放。3、碴场coefficientnotgreaterthan1.3;Highefficiency:control1hourtraveltimebetweenanytwopointswithinthevariousgroupswithintheareauptohalfanhour,1-houraccesstotheairport,45minreachedthecity"smaintraffichub,externalhighwayforhalfanhourwiththemainchannelsconnectingbus1.5hoursbetweenanytwogroupsofcoreareas;Intensive:2030transitsharerateofaround35%,2050bussharingrateof45%percent.3rdchapter,Yibincity,trafficsituationandGeneral...3.1.1citytrafficstatus1,externaltransportpassengerandcargotrafficinYibincity,trafficatthepresentmainrailway,highway,waterwayandairfourmodesofpassengerandfreighttransport,thereandculturalheritage,highlightingtheculturaltasteandshapecharacteristicsofthecityinYibin.Accordingtoforecasts,vision2050populationwillreach2.1millionpeopleinthecenterofYibincity,urbanlandisaround210km2.Figure2.6-12050figure2.7landuseplanningintheCenterCity,Yibincitydevelopmentrequiresthedevelopmentofbusrapidtransitconstructionandsocio-economicdevelopmenttrends,Yibincitycoordination,supportingurbanspacelayoutandinfrastructurenetworks,transportorganized,internalandexternaltraffichubsmoothlylinking,realizingsustainabledevelopmentofYibincityintegratedtransportationsystem.Concretecanbesummarizedas,accessible,efficient,intensiveandsustainable.Accessibility:Centralbuilt-uparearoadnetworkdensityofabout7.0km/km2;buslinedensityof3-4km/km2,bustransfer 碴场的位置及运距离由业主确定。6地块开发离隧道口60m范围内，且距离隧道边线25m范围内严禁随意修建房屋，如必须修建房屋，需对隧道的安全进行论证，且修建房屋的层数不应超过4层，且严禁采用桩基础。隧道其它段距离隧道边线25m范围内修建房子的层数不应超过10层，如采用桩基时，桩基底距离隧道拱顶的距离应大于15m。整段隧道距离隧道开挖轮廓线10m范围内严禁开挖洞室。coefficientnotgreaterthan1.3;Highefficiency:control1hourtraveltimebetweenanytwopointswithinthevariousgroupswithintheareauptohalfanhour,1-houraccesstotheairport,45minreachedthecity"smaintraffichub,externalhighwayforhalfanhourwiththemainchannelsconnectingbus1.5hoursbetweenanytwogroupsofcoreareas;Intensive:2030transitsharerateofaround35%,2050bussharingrateof45%percent.3rdchapter,Yibincity,trafficsituationandGeneral...3.1.1citytrafficstatus1,externaltransportpassengerandcargotrafficinYibincity,trafficatthepresentmainrailway,highway,waterwayandairfourmodesofpassengerandfreighttransport,thereandculturalheritage,highlightingtheculturaltasteandshapecharacteristicsofthecityinYibin.Accordingtoforecasts,vision2050populationwillreach2.1millionpeopleinthecenterofYibincity,urbanlandisaround210km2.Figure2.6-12050figure2.7landuseplanningintheCenterCity,Yibincitydevelopmentrequiresthedevelopmentofbusrapidtransitconstructionandsocio-economicdevelopmenttrends,Yibincitycoordination,supportingurbanspacelayoutandinfrastructurenetworks,transportorganized,internalandexternaltraffichubsmoothlylinking,realizingsustainabledevelopmentofYibincityintegratedtransportationsystem.Concretecanbesummarizedas,accessible,efficient,intensiveandsustainable.Accessibility:Centralbuilt-uparearoadnetworkdensityofabout7.0km/km2;buslinedensityof3-4km/km2,bustransfer'