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'毕业设计(论文)题目大桥设计
摘要本毕业设计主要是关于预应力混凝土连续刚构桥上部结构的设计。预应力混凝土连续刚构桥以结构受力性能好、变形小、伸缩缝少、行车平顺舒适、造型简洁美观、养护工程量小、抗震能力强等而成为最富有竞争力的主要桥型之一。随着预应力技术的发展和不断完善,尤其是悬臂等先进施工方法的出现,更使预应力混凝土连续刚构桥更加充分的活跃在整个桥梁工程领域.本设计桥梁主桥跨径为50m+90m+50m,主梁截面为单箱双室,桥面宽11.5m,双向两车道,主梁采用悬臂浇筑法施工。在时间和个人能力有限的条件下,本次毕业设计没有具体涉及到下部结构、桥面铺装、竖向预应力的设计。仅对主梁结构详细设计,设计步骤如下:第一步,根据设计任务要求,依据现行公路桥梁设计规范,综合考虑桥位的地质、地形条件,经初选后提出了预应力混凝土连续刚构、上承式拱桥、斜拉桥三个比选桥型。按“功能、安全、经济、美观”的桥梁设计原则,比较三个方案的优缺点,最终选择连续刚构方案。第二步,参考规范和相关设计经验,确定主梁主要构造及细部尺寸。考虑到抗弯刚度及抗扭刚度的要求,及结构成桥阶段体系的转变,设计采用箱型梁。主梁高度采用近似于主梁纵向弯矩变化曲线的二次抛物线。第三步,主桥单元划分,进行有限元模拟分析成桥阶段结构内力,通过模拟分析得到的结果在正常使用极限状态下估算各截面纵向预应力筋面积,然后按照相关规范布置上、下缘纵向预应力束。关键词:预应力混凝土连续刚构桥悬臂浇筑内力计算与验算
I
ABSTRACTABSTRACTThegraduationdesignismainlyaboutthesuperstructureofpre-stressedconcretecontinuousrigidframebridge.Continuousrigidframebridgeofprestressedconcretebecomeoneofthemainpatternsofthemostcompetitionbridge,becauseoftheperfectstructurefunction,smallstrain,littleexpansionjoint,smoothcardriving,simpleandpleasingshape,littleengineeringmaintenanceandsuperiorityseismiccapacity.Withthedevelopmentandimprovementofprestresstechnology,especiallytheintroductionofthemoderncantileverconstruction,continuousrigidframebridgeofprestressedconcreteactinthewholefieldofbridgeengineeringinfullswing.Thespanofthemainbridgeare50m+90m+50m,thebridgehassingle-boxwithdoubleroomofthecrosssectionand17mwidebridgedeckandtwotrafficways,Thecast-in-cantileverischosentobuildthemajorgirder.Duetothetimeandpersonalabilityislimited,undertheconditionofthegraduationdesignnotdowithsubstructureanddeckconstructandthedesignoftheverticalprestressofthebridge.Onlythedetaileddesignofthesparboom,thedesignprocedureisasfollows:Thefirststep,accordingtothedesignassignmentandthepresentHighwayBridgeSpecifications,Takethegeologicalandthelandformofthebridgesiteforfurtheranalysis,afterpreliminaryselection,threebridgetypearepresented,theyarePC-continuousrigidframebridge,cable-stayedbridgeandPC-continuousbeam-typebridge.Comparingtheircharacterscomprehensively,thePC-continuousrigidframebridgeisselectedasthemaindesignschemebythephilosophyofbridgedesignas“Practicability,Security,Economy,Beauty”,sothechoosethePC-continuousrigidframebridge.Thesecondstep,determinethemaingirderstructureofdetailsandsizeunderthereferencestandardandrelateddesignexperience,.Consideringtheflexuralrigidityandthetorsionalrigidityofthebridge,andrequirementsoftheforcesystemchangeintheconstruction,ssectionisboxbeam.boxbirdergoesassecond-paraboliccurve,whichisgenerallysimilartothechangeofcontinuousbridge’sbendingmomentsalong.Thethirdstep,themainunitdivision,thefiniteelementsimulationanalysisinternalforceofthebridgeintheconstruction,analysiscomputesteelareaunderserviceabilitylimitstateandlayoutpre-stressingtendonoftheupperanddownlimbundernorm.III
ABSTRACTKeywords:Pre-stressedconcrete,continuousrigidframebridge,desig.III
目录目录摘要IABSTRACTIII1绪论11.1毕业设计的目的及意义11.2预应力连续刚构桥特点11.2.1设计特点11.2.2受力特点11.2.3构造特点22结构设计方案32.1设计资料32.1.1桥梁名称32.1.2基本资料32.1.3设计标准42.1.4主要材料42.1.5设计依据42.2方案比选42.2.1钢筋混凝土上承式拱桥42.2.2斜拉桥62.2.3预应力混凝土连续刚构桥72.2.4方案比较和确定83结构初步设计113.1桥梁布置及尺寸拟定113.1.1桥梁布置113.2主梁分段与施工阶段的划分123.2.1施工阶段注意事项134内力计算154.1恒载内力计算15VII
目录4.1.1计算方法154.1.2计算结果174.2活载内力计算224.2.1横向分布影响线绘制224.2.2横向分布系数计算224.2.3计算结果224.3温度作用荷载计算244.3.1梯度温度作用效应244.3.2均匀温度作用效应264.4支座不均匀沉降次内力295内力组合336预应力钢束设计476.1钢束估算476.1.1计算原理476.1.2估算结果496.2预应力束的布置507预应力损失及有效预应力计算537.1预应力损失计算537.1.1计算原理537.1.2计算结果547.2有效预应力计算548考虑预应力次内力计算598.1徐变次内力598.2收缩次内力608.3预应力次内力628.4支座不均匀沉降次内力639考虑了预应力效应的内力组合6710截面验算7510.1承载能力极限状态截面强度验算75VII
目录10.2正常使用极限状态应力、变形验算8210.2.1施工阶段应力验算8210.2.2使用阶段应力验算9610.2.3变形验算11211结论113参考文献115致谢117VII
目录I
1绪论1绪论1.1毕业设计的目的及意义毕业设计的目的在于培养毕业生的综合能力,它是土木工程专业本科培养计划中最后的一个主要教学环节,也是最重要的综合性实践教学环节,和其它教学环节不同,毕业设计要求学生关注学术动态,充分的了解国内外桥梁设计的发展现状及趋势,并灵活运用大学所学的各门基础课和专业课知识,结合相关设计规范,在指导老师的指导下,独立的完成一个专业课题的设计工作,解决与之有关的所有问题,熟悉相关设计规范、手册、标准图以及工程实践中常用的方法。具有实践性、综合性强的显著特点。毕业设计学生独立系统的完成一项工程设计,因而对培养学生的综合素质、增强工程意识和创新能力具有其他教学环节无法取代的重要作用。通过毕业设计这一时间较长的教学环节,学生独立分析问题、解决问题的能力以及实践动手能力都会有很大的提高,还可以培养土木工程专业本科毕业生综合应用所学基础课、技术基础课及专业课知识和相关技能,解决具体问题的能力。以达到具备初步专业工程人员的水平,为将来走向工作岗位打下良好的基础。1.2预应力连续刚构桥特点1.2.1设计特点预应力混凝土连续刚构桥设计的一般步骤:参照已有的设计和规范拟定结构几何尺寸,模拟实际的施工步骤,计算恒载及活载内力(在计算设计部分过程采用迈达斯软件进行计算);然后再根据实际情况确定温度、沉降等荷载,计算其产生的内力,并与恒、活载内力进行正常使用与承载能力组合。这是设计过程中的第一次组合,两种组合的结果分别作为按正常使用和按承载能力估算钢束的计算内力。估算出各截面的钢束后,按照一定要求将钢束布置好,重新模拟施工过程并考虑预应力的作用,计算恒载内力。由于钢束对截面几何特性的影响,温度、沉降等内力也需重新计算,但其与钢束估算时计算得到的结果差别非常小。各种荷载作用下的内力计算出来后,需进行承载能力组合和正常使用组合,以进行截面强度验算、应力验算和变形验算。如各项验算均满足要求且认为合理,则设计通过。如有些截面的有些验算通不过,则需调整钢束甚至修改截面尺寸后重新计算,直到各项验算均通过为止。1.2.2受力特点在受力方面,上部结构仍为连续梁特点,但必须计入由于桥墩受力及混凝土115
1绪论收缩、徐变、温度变化对上部结构内力的影响。桥墩因需有一定柔度,所受弯矩有所减少。采用悬臂施工的连续刚构桥,在施工过程中经历T型刚构受力状态,合拢后形成连续刚构桥,其恒载产生的内力由各施工阶段产生的内力迭加而成。由于合拢段较短,其产生的内力一般较小,故T型刚构受力状态为主要部分。对悬臂施工连续刚构桥,合拢后根部负弯矩很大,而中跨跨中恒载弯矩很小。二期恒载加上以后,根部负弯矩增大,中跨跨中承受相对较小的正弯矩。因此,截面几何尺寸拟定时,应根据以上弯矩分布特点,增大主梁根部附近断面的抗弯刚度,提高截面下缘的承压能力。1.2.3构造特点连续刚构桥一般用在长大跨径、高墩桥梁上,其结构构造特点是中间桥墩采用墩梁固结,下部结构一般采用柔性桥墩,以减少因主梁的预应力张拉、温度变化、混凝土收缩、徐变等作用引起的变形受到桥墩约束后产生的次内力。连续刚构桥结构构造的最大特点是中间桥墩采用墩梁固结,如果桥墩的刚度较大,则因主梁的预应力张拉,混凝土的收缩、徐变、温度变化以及车辆制动力等因素所引起的变形受到桥墩的约束后,将会在主梁内产生较大的次内力,并对桥撤也产生较大的水平推力,从而会在结构混凝土上产生裂缝,降低结构的使用功能。薄壁墩是在连续刚构桥中应用得较多的一种形式,适用于承台标高较低,桥墩高度较大的桥梁。薄壁墩水平抗推刚度小,不仅可以减小主梁附加内力,而且由于主梁的负弯矩峰值出现在墩顶,可以减小主梁在墩顶截面处的尺寸,增加桥梁美感。115
2结构设计方案2结构设计方案2.1设计资料2.1.1桥梁名称湖北省黄石市林河大桥2.1.2基本资料①地形地貌本桥位于黄石市城西南部,跨越黄石市三溪河,桥北岸连接黄石市城和国道318线,南岸连接宋家湾村和徐家冲等众多村镇。本项目的建设必将极大的改善三溪河两岸群众的交通出行条件,对促进本地区的经济发展及完善本地路网建设都具有重大的意义。同时,本项目的建设也是黄石市城发展中的关键性工程。随着城镇建设的发展,黄石市城必将拓展到三溪河南岸。但长期以来,由于三溪河上只有一座永久性桥梁,且位于城区边缘较远的地段,一水之阻,是黄石市城的发展长期被局限在三溪河北岸。如何使县城南展,将三溪河两岸有机地联系成整体,成了黄石市人民的美好企盼。②工程地质根据(岩)土层的组成、成因及物理力学性质差异,桥址(岩)土层可划分为5个层次,其工程地址特征自上而下逐层分述如下:1)粘土、亚粘土:深灰色~灰色,很湿,软塑,层位分布较稳定,层厚4.93m,地基容许承载力[σ0]=110~120KPa。2)卵石层:黄灰色,以卵石为主,含粗砾砂及中细砂,卵径20~210mm,次圆状~次棱角状,饱和,松散,层位分布稳定。层厚4.79m。地基容许承载力为350KPa;3)亚粘土(残积土)层:棕褐~灰褐色,为花岗斑岩风化残积土,由粉粒及砂砾组成,粒径>2mm的颗粒约占15~25%,湿,硬塑。层位分布稳定,层厚10.55m。地基容许承载力为190~220KPa;4)强风化花岗斑岩层:棕褐~灰褐色,成份由石英、长石及粘土矿物组成,斑状结构可辨,岩质极软。层位分布稳定,但层厚欠均匀,层厚15.19m。地基容许承载力为450KPa;5)弱风化花岗斑岩层,深灰色~灰绿色,成份由石英、长石及暗色矿物组成,上部裂隙及节理发育,岩芯破碎,呈碎块状及短柱状,下部发育少量笔合裂隙,岩芯较新鲜,较完整,呈短柱状及柱状,斑状结构,岩质致密,坚硬。层位分布稳定,揭露层厚5.64m。地基容许承载力为3500KPa。115
2结构设计方案2.1.3设计标准①跨径要求:主跨跨径≥80m;②设计荷载:公路—II级,人群荷载3.5KN/m2。③桥面布置:全桥宽11.5m=2m(人行道及栏杆)+7.5m(净桥宽)+2m(人行道及栏杆)。④设计洪水频率:1/100。⑤地震:地震设计加速度为0.05g(相当于地震基本烈度VI度)。⑥通航标准:无通航要求。1、标高采用黄海高程。2.1.4主要材料①混凝土:混凝土标号部位C50主桥箱梁C40主墩墩身、横梁C30支座垫石、承台C25桩基沥青混凝土桥面铺装②钢材1)预应力钢绞线:采用GB/T5224-2003低松驰钢绞线,标准强度Rby=1860Mpa,弹性横量Ey=195000MPa,公称直径15.24mm,公称面积140mm2。2)普通钢筋:钢筋直径≥12mm者为HRB335钢筋,直径≤10mm者为R235钢筋。技术条件必须符合有关规定。3)其他钢材:钢板、检测管及焊条等,均应符合相应国标规定及满足设计、施工需要。2.1.5设计依据①JTGD60-2004《公路桥涵设计通用规范》。②JTGD62-2004《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》。2.2方案比选2.2.1钢筋混凝土上承式拱桥①桥型介绍115
2结构设计方案拱桥是我国公路上使用较广泛的一种桥型。拱桥与梁桥的区别,不仅在于外形不同,更重要的是两者的受力性能有较大的差别。由力学知,拱桥结构在竖向荷载作用下,两端将产生水平推力。正是这个水平推力,使拱内产生轴向压力,从而大大减小了拱圈的截面弯矩,使之成为偏心受压构件,截面上的应力分布与受弯梁的应力相比,较为均匀。因此,可以充分发挥主拱截面材料强度,使跨越能力增大。②尺寸拟定1)桥跨布置根据桥涵水文条件,在满足通航要求的前提下,桥跨布置为20×2+18+90+18+20×2,总长为230m.拱上建筑为5×16的简支梁桥,其布置图如图2-1所示。图2-1桥型布置图(梁拱组合体系桥)2)截面尺寸主拱圈采用等截面箱型钢筋混凝土截面,拱上简支梁的跨径为20m,拟定采用T型截面钢筋混凝土截面,根据经验初步拟定其细部构造图,如图2-2所示。图2-2截面细部构造图(拱桥)3)下部结构拱上建筑的墩身采用圆柱形墩身加钢筋混凝土盖梁,主拱圈基础采用群桩基础。③施工方法设计115
2结构设计方案对于主拱圈的施工,常见的施工方法有悬臂浇筑法、悬臂拼装法、转体施工法……,对于此桥,考虑到施工环境的影响,采用缆索吊装拼装法。拱上建筑简支T梁采用预制安装法,以缩短工期。2.2.2斜拉桥①桥型介绍斜拉桥主要由主梁、索塔、斜拉索三大部分组成,主梁在斜拉索的各点支撑作用下,像多跨弹性支承的连续梁一样,使得弯矩值得以大大的降低,这不但可以使主梁尺寸大大减小,而且由于结构自重显著减轻,既节省了结构材料,又能大幅度的增大桥梁的跨越能力。此外,斜拉索轴力的水平分力对主梁施加了预压力,从而可以增加主梁的抗裂性能,节约了主梁中的预应力钢材的用量。②桥跨布置对于主梁支撑于塔敦的支撑体系,为承受支点截面较大的负弯矩,在局部区段可加大梁高或加厚翼缘板厚度。主梁高度要大于横梁高度,横梁高度取决于横梁的跨度。从横向风力稳定性角度考虑,采用双索面,其高跨比一般为1/100~1/150。1)桥跨布置此桥采用双塔双索面斜拉桥,跨度为50+100+50,根据塔高跨比为1/4~1/7,设其塔高为30m,其布置图如图2-3所示。图2-3桥型布置图(斜拉桥)2)截面尺寸根据高跨比的经验值,取梁高为1.5m,全桥采用等截面箱型截面,其细部构造图如图2-4所示。115
2结构设计方案图2-4截面细部构造图(斜拉桥)3)下部结构主塔为整个结构的受力基础,其基础为钻孔灌注桩。③施工方法设计对于斜拉桥可以采用现浇施工,也可采用拼装预制梁的方法施工,还可采用转体施工。就施工条件而论,转体施工无法进行,此桥采用拼装施工可以缩短工期,而且还可保证量的质量。2.2.3预应力混凝土连续刚构桥①桥型介绍预应力混凝土连续刚构是将连续梁的桥墩与梁部固结,减小了支座处的负弯矩,增强结构的整体性;结构上主墩无支座、施工体系转换方便、伸缩缝少、行车舒适、顺桥向抗弯刚度和横桥向抗扭刚度大、受力性能好,顺桥向抗推刚度小,对温变、混凝士收缩徐变及地震均有利。从施工上考虑,连续刚构桥施工状态和成桥状态保持一致,悬臂挂篮平衡施工技术成熟,操作相对简单。此外,墩梁固结也在一定程度上克服了大吨位支座设计与制造的困难,也省去了连续梁施工过程中墩梁临时固结、合龙后再行调整的这一施工环节。②尺寸拟定1)桥跨布置预应力混凝土连续刚构桥是将连续梁的桥墩与梁部固结,使结构形成一个整体。其布置如图1所示,为(50+90+50)m连续刚构桥和两侧的20m引桥组成:115
2结构设计方案图2-5桥型布置图(连续刚构)2)截面尺寸截面细部构造图如图2所示。图2-6截面尺寸3)下部结构从受力性能上考虑,连续刚构桥利用高墩的柔性来减小主梁跨中弯矩,同时减小桥墩的尺寸;薄壁墩对主梁支点的负弯矩有明显的削峰作用,结构受力合理、性能优越。此桥桥墩采用薄壁矩形墩,桥台采用柱式桥台,基础为钻孔灌注桩。③施工方法设计连续刚构因敦梁固结,在采用悬臂浇筑法施工时免去了临时固结的施工和解除,因此其最佳施工方法为悬臂浇筑法施工,对于本桥采用此方法施工。2.2.4方案比较和确定①方案比较1)功能性比较钢筋混凝土上承式拱桥:钢筋混凝土箱形拱具有较大的跨越能力,可以充分发挥圬工材料和其它抗压材料的性能,由于自重较大,对地基基础要求很高。斜拉桥:跨越能力大,桥面平整,无伸缩缝,行车性能好。115
2结构设计方案连续刚构桥:其跨越能力大,桥面平整,伸缩缝少、行车舒适、顺桥向抗弯刚度和横桥向抗扭刚度大、受力性能好,顺桥向抗推刚度小,对温变、混凝士收缩徐变及地震均有利。2)安全性比较钢筋混凝土上承式拱桥:拱桥施工设计技术较为成熟,施工方法比较简单,施工质量容易把握,但该方案为上承式拱桥,桥面较高,整体稳定性较差,而且由于自重大对地基要求很高,安全性能不是很好。斜拉桥:斜拉索是柔性体系,在抗风和抗震作用下,会影响到行车行人安全,甚至影响到桥身结构的安全。连续刚构桥:该方案为刚构体系,主梁结构刚度较大,整体稳定性较好,有一定的抗风荷载能力,且采用了薄壁墩,能较好的适应活载等产生的水平位移,在采用挂篮悬浇施工时,施工阶段的受力与成桥后受力相似,成桥后安全性能好。3)经济性比较钢筋混凝土上承式拱桥:该方案所用材料为钢筋混凝土,成本较低,但由于机具较多,施工成本相应提高,由于地基承载能力的不足,需采用相应的措施提高其地基承载力,提高了技术成本。斜拉桥:拉索钢丝的用量较大,结构为刚构体系,固结位置构造复杂,成桥后所需养护费用较高,基础施工复杂。施工过程中采用大量机械设备,增大了施工费用。连续刚构桥:结构为刚构体系,墩梁固结不需要大型支座,可以节省材料费用,施工采用挂篮悬臂施工,模板和挂篮可以重复使用,能减少设备材料费用,成桥后维护费用相对于拱桥和斜拉桥较低,更经济合理。4)外观比较钢筋混凝土上承式拱桥:形式简单,造型优美,与环境适应性较好。斜拉桥:斜拉桥外形美观,与周围环境相协调,造型美观,拉索的布置可以随环境的不同而变化,变得更适应环境。连续刚构桥:形式优美,整个桥型布置简洁而有气势,梁底线采用二次抛物线,有很强的线条美,而且墩梁固结降低了梁高,使梁体变得更纤巧,更适应于周围的环境。②方案确定通过以上的方案比选,综合考虑该桥的功能方面、经济方面、安全方面以及外观选择连续刚构桥方案为最佳的实施方案,其优点如下:功能性:其跨越能力大,桥面平整,无伸缩缝,行车平稳舒适,梁底线形为二次抛物线,桥下净空增大,可满足桥下通航要求;115
2结构设计方案安全性:该方案为刚构体系,主梁结构刚度较大,整体稳定性较好,且采用了薄壁墩,能较好的适应活载等产生的水平位移,在采用挂篮悬浇施工时,施工阶段的受力与成桥后受力相似,成桥后安全性能好。经济性:结构为刚构体系,墩梁固结不需要大型支座,可以节省材料费用,施工采用挂篮悬臂施工,模板和挂篮可以重复使用,能减少设备材料费用,成桥后维护费用相对于拱桥和斜拉桥较低,更经济合理。外观:形式优美,整个桥型布置简洁而有气势,梁底线采用二次抛物线,有很强的线条美,而且墩梁固结降低了梁高,使梁体变得更纤巧,更适应于周围的环境。115
3结构初步设计3结构初步设计3.1桥梁布置及尺寸拟定3.1.1桥梁布置①桥梁分跨连续梁桥跨径的布置形式一般为不等跨形式,如果采用等跨布置,其边跨的内力将影响全桥设计,且边跨过长将削弱边跨刚度,这样不经济也不合理,因此一般边跨长度为中跨的0.5~0.8,该方案主跨为90m,边跨取50m,边跨与主跨比为0.56。②立截面从预应力混凝土连续刚构桥的受力特点和美学角度来看,其立面宜采用变高度的布置形式,其截面变化规律一般采用二次抛物线,本方案就采用二次抛物线。一般变高度连续刚构桥梁高在支点处取主跨径的1/16~1/20,本方案取1/18,即H=5m;在跨中位置一般支点处梁高的1/2.5~1/3.5,本方案取h=2.0m。③横截面横截面采用单箱双室箱梁,箱梁的悬臂板长度一般为2~5m,本方案考虑到桥面总宽为11.5m,悬臂板取长2m。桥梁结构图示图见图3-1:图3-1桥梁结构图3.1.2主要尺寸拟定箱梁的顶板和底板要承受正负弯矩,其尺寸由受力要求和构造要求控制。墩顶处底版还要承受一定的压应力,一般的变高度的底版厚度应随梁高变化,底板一般为25~100cm(变厚),顶板25~30cm(等厚),腹板一般为30~80cm,上承托斜率一般为1:3,下承托一般为1:1。本方案中取墩顶处底板厚50cm,跨中底板厚25cm,悬臂端部顶板厚25cm。腹板厚40cm。箱梁横截细部尺寸详见图3-2:115
3结构初步设计图3-2截面细部尺寸图3.2主梁分段与施工阶段的划分3.2.1分段原则①为了方便施工,分段长度总类不宜太多,一般取4~5种;②节段划分的长度尽量满足各个节段重量相差在10%以下;③在需要验算和求位移的位置需划分节段;④杆件的折线处需划分节段等。3.2.2具体分段本方案全桥长190m,桥面划分为54个单元,迈达斯建模具体的分段图如下:图3-3建模分段图3.2.3施工阶段的划分全桥总单元数位54个,全桥施工采用挂篮悬浇法施工,13~16、39~42号单元为0号块,采用支架现浇法施工,2号和53号单元为边跨合拢段,27、28号单元为中跨合拢段。根据以上施工块件划分情况,具体的施工阶段如下:第一阶段:在2号和3号墩两侧搭临时支架,支架需进行预压以消除非线性变形,立模浇筑0号块件;张拉钢束。第二阶段:在0号快件上拼装挂篮,待0号块混凝土强度达到100%后拆除2、3115
3结构初步设计号墩身两侧的临时支架,对称悬臂浇筑1、1’块件;张拉钢束。第三阶段:挂篮前移就位,对称悬臂浇筑2、2"块件;张拉钢束。第四阶段:挂篮前移就位,对称悬臂浇筑3、3"块件;张拉钢束。第五阶段:挂篮前移就位,对称悬臂浇筑4、4"块件;张拉钢束。第六阶段:挂篮前移就位,对称悬臂浇筑5、5"块件;张拉钢束。第七阶段:挂篮前移就位,对称悬臂浇筑6、6"块件;张拉钢束。第八节段:挂篮前移就位,对称悬臂浇筑7、7"块件;张拉钢束。第九节段:挂篮前移就位,对称悬臂浇筑8、8"块件;张拉钢束。第十节段:挂篮前移就位,对称悬臂浇筑9、9"块件;张拉钢束。第十一阶段:挂篮前移就位,对称悬臂浇筑10、10"块件;张拉钢束,拆除挂篮。第十二阶段:在1号墩和4号墩附近安装支架现浇12"号节段。第十三阶段:边跨合拢段:安装边跨合拢支架及内外刚性支撑,临时张拉钢束,张拉力为50T,现浇边跨合拢段11"号节段,待混凝土强度达到设计强度的90%时再次张拉钢束至设计吨位,拆除边跨支架(支架进行预压)。第十四阶段:中跨合拢段:安装中跨合拢吊架及内外刚性支撑,临时张拉钢束,张拉力50T,现浇中跨合拢段11号节段,待混凝土强度达到设计强度的90%时再次张拉钢束至设计吨位。在施工桥面系前,必须拆除主墩临时支架。第十五阶段:主桥施工合拢完毕,进入桥面施工阶段。注:由于此时未进行配筋计算,各施工阶段未涉及张拉钢束具体信息,但在实际的施工阶段中,必须结合在第6章节的配筋详情进行施工。3.2.4施工阶段注意事项①本桥主桥系预应力混凝土连续刚构,按本图所有施工程序进行计算,施工须严格按照此施工程序执行。②箱梁施工测量、施工工艺和施工质量及要求必须严格按照施工规范办理。③设计采用挂篮自重70吨,吊架自重40吨。④桥墩为单薄壁墩,箱梁悬浇应严格做到对称、均衡浇筑,混凝土立方强度必须达到90%的设计强度后方可张拉预应力钢束,边中跨须对称张拉。⑤中跨合拢段刚性支撑焊接固定选择15℃左右进行,合拢段须加强混凝土保养。⑥如果需要,合拢前可以在悬臂端部采用挂篮等做压重。115
3结构初步设计115
4内力计算4内力计算4.1恒载内力计算4.1.1计算方法计算方法:采用迈达斯软件计算恒载内力。①混凝土及钢筋材料特性的取值混凝土:箱梁C50,薄壁墩C40,承台C30,桩基C25容重:γ=25.0kN/m钢绞线:采用高强度低松弛钢绞线,用18Φ15.2的钢丝烧制而成的钢绞线,粗钢筋:采用精轧螺纹钢,直径32mm预应力筋管道:连续刚构梁纵、横向采用塑料波纹管成孔;锚具:采用OVM15-15②计算阶段划分1)由主墩悬臂法施工至最大悬臂;2)安装边支座,现浇边跨等高梁段;3)边跨合拢,拆除边跨临时支座;4)拆除挂篮;5)合拢中段;6)桥面铺装;7)运营阶段。③一期荷载本设计中一期恒载主要考虑主梁自重、横隔板自重:1)主梁自重根据划分单元的截面尺寸,取每个单元左右两个截面面积的平均值乘上单元的长度作为单元的体积,再乘以混凝土容重γ=25.0kN/m,所求出主梁每个单元的自重详见表4-1:115
4内力计算序号整体重量(kN)序号整体重量(kN)序号整体重量(kN)1878191005.11371072.19243920946.41938978.631097.5211020.76391039.3241103.6122967.56440535.55898.72923926.88941535.56926.88924898.729421039.327967.564251103.6143978.681020.76261097.5441072.199946.41927219.5451005.11101005.1128219.546946.419111072.19291097.5471020.7612978.6301103.6148967.564131039.3231898.72949926.88914535.532926.88950898.72915535.533967.564511103.61161039.32341020.76521097.517978.635946.41953439181072.19361005.1154878表4-1主梁单元自重表2)横隔板自重:薄壁墩只在每个薄壁墩顶处各设置一道横隔板,本设计选用1.5m厚横隔板,全桥一共设置四个。横隔板自重:(7.5-1.2)×4.25×25=669.4kN④二期荷载1)桥面铺装及横断面主梁顶平坡,桥面铺装选用沥青混凝土,最薄处厚10.0cm,采用调整铺装115
4内力计算层厚度设置设置1.5%的双向横坡。2)二期恒载计算本设计中二期恒载主要对桥面铺装、人行道板、栏杆的自重进行计算:桥面铺装:(0.1+0.205)/2×7.5×23=26.3kN/m栏杆:2×1=2kN/m人行道铺装:0.02×2×23×2=1.84kN/m人行道板:0.48×2×24=23.04kN/m二期恒载:g=26.3+2+1.84+23.04=53.18kN/m4.1.2计算结果主梁恒载内力,包括一期恒载和二期恒载。由迈达斯程序分析得出恒载内力,由于结构对称性,只取结构的一半进行计算,边跨合拢阶段恒载内力结果详见表4.2:表4-2边跨合拢阶段恒载内力计算结果单元剪力(kN)弯矩(kN*m)轴力(KN)100020003700-1750041787.42-7968.62052880.68-19634.65063770.6-32932.75074688.9-49847.74085647.71-70521.34096659.25-95145.280107596.56-120120.280118591.41-148497.230129652.04-180499.3101310617.84-211004.2401412699.51-244530.210115
4内力计算15-13230.48-263830.36016-11647.64-244385.7017-10622.1-210871.04018-9655.26-180377.42019-8593.29-148388.53020-7597.05-120024.77021-6658.71-95062.97022-5646.13-70454.11023-4686.42-49795.59024-3767.49-32895.68025-2877.19-19612.66026-1784.93-7962.33027000由上表做下图:图4-1边跨合拢阶段弯矩包络图-图4-2边跨合拢阶段剪力包络图中跨合拢阶段恒载内力计算结果详见表4-3:115
4内力计算表4-3中跨合拢阶段恒载内力计算结果单元轴向(kN)剪力(kN)弯矩(kN*m)10.15-632.6602-0.17245.34774.653-0.02684.34-155.024-9.281781.81-6320.455-43.042885.13-17983.576-91.273783.08-31315.517-158.034708.41-48294.528-247.495673.23-69058.279-358.516689.79-93794.4810-482.227630.58-118882.6711-628.528628.05-147383.5912-796.669690.41-179517.3313-969.7110657.68-210140.0214012741.02-243788.2615584.63-12453.64-233394.7916-407.37-10925.85-215115.9617-227.03-9893.17-183778.5518-63.78-8918.87-155481.991989.73-7848.84-126081.4220218.65-6844-100333.9821327.93-5896.09-78018.6722421.37-4872.36-56473.99115
4内力计算23490.68-3900.87-38925.0624539.65-2969.54-25182.9325573.47-2065.55-15108.7526584.47-958.87-7545.5727584.62138.57-5496.57由上表数据绘制中跨合拢阶段内力包络图如下:图4-3中跨合拢阶段弯矩包络图图4-4中跨合拢阶段剪力包络图成桥阶段恒载内力计算结果详见表4-4:表4-4成桥阶段恒载内力计算结果单元轴向(kN)剪力(kN)弯矩-y(kN*m)10.15-632.6602-0.17245.34774.653-0.02684.34-155.024-9.281781.81-6320.455-43.042885.13-17983.576-91.273783.08-31315.517-158.034708.41-48294.528-247.495673.23-69058.279-358.516689.79-93794.48115
4内力计算10-482.227630.58-118882.6711-628.528628.05-147383.5912-796.669690.41-179517.3313-969.7110657.68-210140.0214012741.02-243788.2615584.63-12453.64-233394.7916-407.37-10925.85-215115.9617-227.03-9893.17-183778.5518-63.78-8918.87-155481.991989.73-7848.84-126081.4220218.65-6844-100333.9821327.93-5896.09-78018.6722421.37-4872.36-56473.9923490.68-3900.87-38925.0624539.65-2969.54-25182.9325573.47-2065.55-15108.7526584.47-958.87-7545.5727584.62138.57-5496.57由上表数据绘制成桥阶段内力包络图如下:图4-5成桥阶段弯矩包络图115
4内力计算图4-6成桥阶段剪力包络图4.2活载内力计算活载内力计算为基本可变荷载在桥梁使用阶段所产生的结构内力。公路标准活载图式:公路-II级。4.2.1横向分布影响线绘制荷载横向分布指的是作用在桥上的车辆荷载如何在各主梁之间进行分配,或者说各主梁如何分担车辆荷载。本设计选用单箱双室,桥面净宽度W=11.5m设计车道数为2车道。4.2.2横向分布系数计算主梁由于选用单箱双室的箱形截面,宜采用刚性横梁法计算横向分布系数,在此选用一般经验公式计算横向分布系数为:mcq=1.15×2×0.67=1.541。4.2.3计算结果由迈达斯程序分析得出结构活载内力,由于结构对称性,只取结构的一半进行计算,汽车荷载内力计算详见表4-5:表4-5汽车荷载内力计算单元MAX剪力(kN)MIN剪力(kN)MAX弯矩(kN*m)MIN弯矩(kN*m)18.52-8.520028.52-8.523785.79-458.638.52-8.525249.1-687.9148.52-8.527715.99-1261.1658.52-8.528647.48-1834.4268.52-8.528471.44-2293.0278.52-8.527638.83-2751.6388.52-8.526279.39-3210.8698.52-8.524838.27-4018.93115
4内力计算108.52-8.523731.87-5539.77118.52-8.522753.13-8329.38128.52-8.521898.5-11629.96138.52-8.521262.06-14832.33148.52-8.521127.15-18343.25159.53-9.532854.63-29501.7169.53-9.532725.97-27303.36179.53-9.532691.01-23531.89189.53-9.532688.94-20029.31199.53-9.533288.41-16281.47209.53-9.533931.79-12892.5219.53-9.534588.31-9890.9229.53-9.535358.7-6937.54239.53-9.536153.33-4545.16249.53-9.536961.25-2718.36259.53-9.537731.67-1528.79269.53-9.538499.52-756.46279.53-9.538838.44-293.62由上表得下图:图4-7汽车荷载弯矩包络图图4-8汽车荷载剪力包络图115
4内力计算4.3温度作用荷载计算桥梁结构处于自然环境中,受到大气温度作用的影响。温度作用指因温度的变化而引起的结构变形和附加力。温度的变化可分为均匀温度变化和梯度温度两种情况。前者表示结构整体在一年中的温度变化;后者表示结构上不同点或不同材料之间的温度差异。4.3.1梯度温度作用效应根据JTGD60-2004《公路桥涵设计通用规范》规定,计算桥梁由于梯度温度引起的效应时不计横向梯度作用,可采用下图竖向梯度温度所示的曲线,桥面铺装按100mm沥青混凝土铺装层计算,其桥面板表面的最高温度T1为14℃,T2为5.5℃。竖向日照反温差为正温差乘以-0.5。由迈达斯程序分析温度梯度作用效应,计算结果详见表4-6:表4-6温度梯度作用效应计算结果单元梯度升温梯度降温轴向(kN)剪力(kN)弯矩(kN*m)轴向(kN)剪力(kN)弯矩(kN*m)1-0.28426.30-0.35544.8302-0.12414.37-1705.18-0.15533.74-2179.3330404.75-2533.930524.79-3246.84-2.15406.18-4557.69-2.79526.12-5870.735-6.03403.94-6588.63-7.82524.01-8501.356-9.58397.19-8204.56-12.42517.71-10597.637-13.41396.83-9793.78-17.39517.34-12669.068-17.45395.87-11381.97-22.62516.39-14739.539-21.39391.8-12966.93-27.73512.53-1680710-25.23389.73-14340.14-32.7510.52-18603.3511-29.24392.65-15706.83-37.9513.14-20393.6312-32.99391.19-17084.71-42.76511.68-22194.3313-36.49390.07-18262.19-47.3510.52-23734.47115
4内力计算140405.02-19437.170525.04-25272.2915-651.280.01-15422.03-322.50.01-18411.3316-648.6371.99-15422.05-321.1941.44-18411.3417-649.1265.53-15638.03-321.4337.89-18535.7518-649.5858.34-15834.48-321.6633.82-18649.4119-650.0255.08-16038-321.8833.6-18767.4820-650.3747.06-16230.08-322.0628.82-18884.7621-650.6836.85-16394.05-322.2122.07-18985.2822-650.9229.54-16540.72-322.3318.1-19073.2223-651.123.13-16658.22-322.4114.82-19145.3124-651.2116.52-16750.12-322.4711.2-19204.2725-651.276.83-16815.61-322.54.9-19248.7826-651.283.92-16849.22-322.53.68-19272.9827-651.281-16868.06-322.50.93-19291.0128-651.28-0.98-16869.05-322.5-0.92-19291.9529-651.28-3.9-16868.83-322.5-3.66-19291.430-651.27-6.81-16849.9-322.5-4.88-19273.3731-651.21-16.5-16816.43-322.47-11.18-19249.2832-651.1-23.11-16751.07-322.41-14.8-19204.8633-650.92-29.52-16659.34-322.33-18.08-19146.0234-650.68-36.83-16542.02-322.21-22.05-19074.0635-650.37-47.04-16395.55-322.06-28.8-18986.2536-650.02-55.06-16231.76-321.88-33.58-18885.8537-649.58-58.32-16039.87-321.66-33.8-18768.69115
4内力计算38-649.12-65.51-15836.02-321.44-37.87-18650.4839-648.64-71.97-15639.68-321.2-41.43-18536.9140-651.280.01-15422.9-322.50.01-18412.13410-405.16-20046.320-525.17-26061.3342-36.5-390.21-19438.57-47.31-510.65-25273.5843-33-391.33-18263.17-42.77-511.8-23735.3844-29.25-392.79-17085.28-37.91-513.27-22194.8545-25.24-389.86-15706.92-32.71-510.65-20393.7146-21.4-391.94-14339.74-27.73-512.65-18602.9747-17.46-396.01-12966.05-22.63-516.51-16806.1748-13.42-396.97-11380.53-17.39-517.46-14738.1949-9.59-397.33-9791.79-12.42-517.84-12667.250-6.02-403.16-8202.01-7.81-523.29-10595.2651-2.15-405.99-6589.19-2.78-525.94-8501.87520-404.89-4559.210-524.91-5872.1553-0.12-414.51-2534.76-0.15-533.87-3247.5754-0.28-426.43-1705.74-0.35-544.96-2179.844.3.2均匀温度作用效应均匀温度的取值,可按桥梁所在地区的气候条件(一般取当地最高和最低月平均气温)确定;均匀温度变化值,应自结构合拢时的温度算起。根据相关规定湖北地区属于温热地区,最高月平均气温为34,最低月平均气温为-3℃,而结构合拢段施工时的温度为20℃,结构最大温升14℃,最大温降-23℃。由迈达斯程序分析得出结构内力计算结果详见表4-7:115
4内力计算表4-7系统温度作用效应计算结果单元系统升温系统降温轴向(kN)剪力(kN)弯矩(kN*m)轴向(kN)剪力(kN)弯矩(kN*m)10.37-528.660-0.35544.83020.17-567.062114.65-0.15533.74-2179.333-0.01-598.123248.780524.79-3246.843.17-593.436239.36-2.79526.12-5870.7358.9-600.629206.55-7.82524.01-8501.35614.12-623.4811609.31-12.42517.71-10597.63719.77-625.3714103.93-17.39517.34-12669.06825.73-629.7316606.8-22.62516.39-14739.53931.53-646.919128.07-27.73512.53-168071037.18-657.5121395.38-32.7510.52-18603.351143.1-646.7523701.15-37.9513.14-20393.631248.62-655.2925970.7-42.76511.68-22194.331353.79-662.7727943.13-47.3510.52-23734.47140-597.2429939.560525.04-25272.2915-6214.750.033445.5-322.50.01-18411.3316-6189.49627.863445.45-321.1941.44-18411.3417-6194.12566.171562.43-321.4337.89-18535.7518-6198.54499.74-134.09-321.6633.82-18649.4119-6202.7448.54-1876.25-321.8833.6-18767.4820-6206.09378.69-3438.8-322.0628.82-18884.7621-6208.98300.86-4756.8-322.2122.07-18985.28115
4内力计算22-6211.34234.27-5953.25-322.3318.1-19073.2223-6213.01173.46-6883.78-322.4114.82-19145.3124-6214.08114.46-7571.55-322.4711.2-19204.2725-6214.6743.41-8023.76-322.54.9-19248.7826-6214.7512.21-8235.38-322.53.68-19272.9827-6214.753.1-8289.21-322.50.93-19291.0128-6214.75-3.03-8292.3-322.5-0.92-19291.9529-6214.75-12.14-8296.48-322.5-3.66-19291.430-6214.67-43.34-8241.22-322.5-4.88-19273.3731-6214.08-114.4-8030.19-322.47-11.18-19249.2832-6213.01-173.39-7578.81-322.41-14.8-19204.8633-6211.35-234.21-6892.12-322.33-18.08-19146.0234-6208.98-300.79-5962.89-322.21-22.05-19074.0635-6206.09-378.63-4767.88-322.06-28.8-18986.2536-6202.7-448.47-3451.22-321.88-33.58-18885.8537-6198.55-499.67-1890.02-321.66-33.8-18768.6938-6194.12-566.1-144.24-321.44-37.87-18650.4839-6189.5-627.791551.48-321.2-41.43-18536.9140-6214.750.033442.55-322.50.01-18412.13410596.7830829.910-525.17-26061.334253.75662.3129934.75-47.31-510.65-25273.584348.59654.8327939.7-42.77-511.8-23735.384443.07646.2925968.66-37.91-513.27-22194.854537.16657.0523700.71-32.71-510.65-20393.71115
4内力计算4631.5646.4421396.56-27.73-512.65-18602.974725.71629.2719130.86-22.63-516.51-16806.174819.76624.9116611.44-17.39-517.46-14738.194914.11623.0214110.42-12.42-517.84-12667.2508.87603.211617.64-7.81-523.29-10595.26513.16594.059204.57-2.78-525.94-8501.8752-0.01597.656234.290-524.91-5872.15530.17566.63246.02-0.15-533.87-3247.57540.37528.22112.81-0.35-544.96-2179.844.4支座不均匀沉降次内力由于外界因素的影响,支座有时为发生沉降,该过程有时只在一瞬间,有时会很漫长。支座发生沉降将使结构体系发生转换,也将引起徐变次内力。只在一侧主桥墩处发生竖向向下位移0.01m。利用迈达斯分析支座不均匀沉降次内力,计算结果详见表4-8:表4-8支座不均匀沉降次内力单元轴向(kN)剪力(kN)弯矩(kN*m)10.08123.04020.04123.04492.1830123.04738.2740.65123.041353.4951.83123.031968.7162.91123.012460.8974.07122.982953.0685.3122.933445.2496.5122.873937.42115
4内力计算107.66122.814368.07118.88122.724798.731210.02122.645229.381311.08122.545598.52140123.045967.6515434.2629.97176016432.549.411715.0417432.8247.551566.4918433.1345.571423.6219433.4243.441264.1120433.6641.41112.1521433.8639.3967.3822434.0237.15810.3223434.1435.1661.9124434.2233.16521.6825434.2631.09389.2226434.2630233.9427434.2629.98108.9928434.2629.9810929434.2630108.4930434.2631.09233.7531434.2233.16389.0232434.1435.1521.4733434.0237.15661.66115
4内力计算34433.8639.3810.0435433.6641.4967.0736433.4243.441111.7937433.1345.571263.7238432.8247.551423.3639432.549.411566.2140434.2629.971715.05410123.046152.254211.08122.545967.684310.02122.645598.55448.88122.725229.41457.66122.814798.75466.5122.874368.1475.3122.933937.44484.07122.983445.26492.91123.012953.08501.83123.032460.9510.65123.041968.72520123.041353.49530.04123.04738.27540.08123.04492.18115
4内力计算115
5内力组合5内力组合由《公路桥涵设计通用规范》(JTDGD60-2004)第4.1.6、4.1.7及4.1.8得,主梁内力组合包括以下内容:基本组合Sd——用于承载能力极限状态的计算(5.1)作用短期效应组合Ss——用于正常使用极限状态的计算(5.2)作用长期效应组合SL——用于正常使用极限状态的计算(5.3)标准值组合(5.4)详细内力组合情况见表5-1、5-2、5-3、5-4,内力组合包络图如图5-1,5-2,5-3,5-4所示。表5-1基本组合单元最大最小轴向(kN)剪力(kN)弯矩(kN*m)轴向(kN)剪力(kN)弯矩(kN*m)10.53-1990-0.17-1558.8102-0.09917.282971.92-0.38-312.47-1272.483-0.011505.132465.63-0.02302.4-3471.374-10.042999.54-4565.13-15.411839.21-13542.295-50.954500.04-19733.88-65.983348.66-30215.786-110.875711.41-37585.28-135.234545.95-48349.74115
5内力组合7-194.566954.38-60449.85-229.595758.86-70840.38-306.558237.32-88382.16-353.986998.46-97872.419-444.879573.23-121160.71-505.948280.24-130017.9110-598.3810799.76-153810.01-673.849452.37-163081.6511-779.4212093.92-190422.09-871.1310686.89-201504.612-986.3813459.35-231277.76-1095.1311988.36-244806.2213-1198.7114695.46-269893.54-1324.3113167-285987.9314017289.33-311636.6015683.27-331106.99151424.51-14843.56-291948.18-1476.86-16797.08-324304.5116235.44-13043.17-270142.25-2773.79-14804.81-300171.5817451.98-11794.18-232671.84-2542.74-13497.31-258894.7518647.95-10604.2-198808.98-2332.53-12261.92-221527.2319832.18-9290.37-163023.28-2133.7-10896.83-182593.1520986.82-8055.7-131576.79-1966.06-9613.53-148401.09211117.84-6887.64-104222.31-1822.98-8400.36-118701.53221229.77-5615.86-77668.66-1699.58-7080.17-89964.9231312.69-4399.33-55872.99-1606.98-5820.05-66571.48241371.15-3223.17-38621.68-1540.54-4606.03-48301.3251411.36-2074.06-25797.86-1493.28-3426.35-35058.32261424.32-642.35-15973.55-1477-1965.53-25229.53271424.5795.73-13190.25-1476.86-514.15-22322.31281424.531083.68-13472.67-1476.83-225.82-22573.66291424.231371.33-14050.18-1477.161.44-23178.87301413.742820.88-21130.33-1490.341499.07-30384.59115
5内力组合311374.44274.37-35251.07-1536.042926.6-44510.24321318.755455.85-51512.04-1598.914078.7-61191.66331239.936668.92-72200.47-1686.625255.66-82899.51341133.797926.99-97433.23-1803.396471.92-109730.58351001.619243.84-127423.93-1947.377741.29-141904.8636854.0510457.43-157785.8-2107.238910.39-174612.3537679.2711742.46-192239.65-2295.8810148.04-211812.3438478.1113103.1-231032.54-2511.4511457.22-253753.4539270.9214337.74-267473.28-2732.6112646.07-293699.11401424.5116976.7-307523.15-1476.8615060.18-337552.48410-16691.25-353914.450-18334.76-375293.0342-1345.16-14777.59-329347.67-1477.03-16377.09-348817.9943-1113.8-13541.58-286508.83-1227.34-15071.18-302603.1544-901.11-12362.18-246797.27-997.52-13834.23-260325.6645-699.03-11056.06-204663.19-778.27-12464.03-215745.6446-526.92-9823.78-166772.7-590.9-11171.91-176044.2947-378.04-8652.05-132844.99-427.83-9945.65-141702.2248-247.96-7366.83-98605.39-284.44-8606.16-108095.7149-148.4-6125.77-69212.04-173.47-7321.61-79602.5750-74.27-4916.27-44886.44-89.51-6081.92-55650.9751-19.85-3715.63-25576.73-25.16-4867.12-36058.6952-0.01-2203.42-8582.95-0.02-3363.77-17560.1453-0.18-674.82274.09-0.48-1877.55-5662.93540.29-61.661510.89-0.42-1291.42-2733.52115
5内力组合表5-2作用短期效应组合单元最大最小轴向(kN)剪力(kN)弯矩(kN*m)轴向(kN)剪力(kN)弯矩(kN*m)11.16-1036.9900.45-2396.81020.24-125.846675.1-0.05-1355.592430.73-0.02350.328342.86-0.03-852.412405.864-2.791628.867634.9-8.15468.53-1342.255-27.192903.18-129.53-42.221751.8-10611.436-68.553917.14-11234.77-92.912751.69-21999.237-129.284973.45-26551.76-164.33777.93-36942.228-213.226059.83-46172.08-260.664820.97-55662.339-319.467178.35-69828.15-380.535885.36-78685.3410-438.598207.72-93755.42-514.056860.33-103027.0611-580.299311.05-120929.32-6727904.01-132011.8312-744.2110456.64-151648.12-852.978985.64-165176.5913-913.1411492.73-180934.83-1038.749964.28-197029.2214013723.86-212721.55012117.79-232191.9515-4649.16-12352.8-227094.66-7550.53-14306.33-259450.9916-5615.62-10263.29-208944.53-8624.85-12024.94-238973.8617-5439.58-9279.69-179525.1-8434.3-10982.82-20574818-5280.5-8347.74-152927.14-8260.99-10005.46-175645.3919-5130.95-7298.94-124669.26-8096.84-8905.4-144239.1320-5005.35-6331.26-99840.99-7958.23-7889.09-116665.2921-4898.96-5425.22-78187.15-7839.78-6937.94-92666.36115
5内力组合22-4807.98-4421.59-57068.53-7737.34-5885.91-69364.7723-4740.53-3457.55-39655.51-7660.2-4878.27-5035424-4692.88-2523.76-25793.23-7604.57-3906.62-35472.8525-4660.01-1621.46-15400.84-7564.64-2973.75-24661.326-4649.32-441.31-7281.44-7550.64-1764.49-16537.4127-4649.17770.36-4947.34-7550.53-539.52-14079.428-4649.141009.78-5182.44-7550.5-299.72-14283.4329-4649.41246.63-5671.33-7550.72-63.26-14800.0230-4658.022445.83-11584.54-7562.11124.02-20838.8131-4690.173611.53-23284.79-7600.622263.76-32543.9732-4735.484556.27-36542.2-7653.143179.12-46221.8233-4799.525524.97-53269.74-7726.074111.71-63968.7834-4885.676525.49-73548.19-7822.855070.42-85845.5435-4993.037565.45-97532.34-7942.016062.91-112013.2736-5112.748523.74-121693.56-8074.016976.7-138520.1137-5254.49557.07-149029.2-8229.567962.66-168601.8838-5417.8110640.98-179789.41-8407.388995.1-202510.3339-5586.0611622.29-208536.34-8589.599930.62-234762.1740-4649.1614449.88-240097.66-7550.5312533.36-270126.99410-12958.17-246532.230-14601.69-267910.8142-1035.33-11307.59-227484.73-1167.2-12907.1-246955.0543-850.69-10283.5-194783.73-964.24-11813.1-210878.0544-682.05-9305.09-164582.75-778.47-10777.13-178111.1445-522.86-8203.01-132797.29-602.1-9610.98-143879.73115
5内力组合46-388.24-7179.47-104556.73-452.23-8527.6-113828.3247-273.25-6210.16-79562.8-323.05-7503.76-88420.0348-174.21-5132.03-54687.68-210.69-6371.36-6417849-100.22-4085.69-33848.33-125.29-5281.54-44238.8650-46.93-3076.83-17312.31-62.17-4242.48-28076.8451-11.11-2062.89-5000.21-16.43-3214.39-15482.1752-0.02-768.614282.6-0.02-1928.96-4694.59530.16516.616514.33-0.14-686.13577.31540.951012.435456.080.25-217.321211.67表5-3作用长期效应组合单元最大最小轴向(kN)剪力(kN)弯矩(kN*m)轴向(kN)剪力(kN)弯矩(kN*m)10.51-82.030-0.2-1441.8502-0.05855.62855.27-0.34-374.15-1389.133-0.011353.192560.15-0.02150.45-3376.854-8.112628.47-3162.14-13.471468.14-12139.35-42.113907.74-15924.71-57.152756.36-26406.616-92.264937.81-31048.64-116.623772.36-41813.17-162.465995.66-50449.48-197.494800.14-60839.938-256.47085.43-74160.85-303.845846.57-83651.19-372.388217.05-101923.15-433.456924.06-110780.3410-5019254.95-129490.93-576.467907.57-138762.5711-652.6410350.45-160337.29-744.358943.42-171419.812-825.8211503.12-194703.53-934.5810032.13-208232115
5内力组合13-1003.4212545.57-227140.14-1129.0211017.12-243234.5414014726.12-262098.29013120.05-281568.6815914.31-12352.83-245962.19-1987.06-14306.35-278318.5216-74.76-10819.16-227812.03-3083.99-12580.81-257841.3617105.42-9780.33-196725.56-2889.3-11483.45-222948.4618268.46-8789.14-168627.54-2712.03-10446.86-191345.7919421.72-7692.4-138831.01-2544.16-9298.85-158400.8920550.37-6662.89-112632.27-2402.52-8220.73-129456.5621659.34-5689.23-89824.4-2281.48-7201.95-104303.6222752.44-4626.32-67656.01-2176.92-6090.64-79952.2523821.38-3607.87-49429.96-2098.28-5028.6-60128.4524869.99-2621.7-34971.8-2041.7-4004.56-44651.4225903.39-1658.03-24192.7-2001.24-3010.33-33453.1626914.15-449.6-15895.27-1987.17-1772.78-25151.2527914.3768.26-13526.19-1987.06-541.62-22658.2528914.331011.84-13759.19-1987.03-297.66-22860.1829914.071254.87-14243.68-1987.25-55.02-23372.3730905.382482.36-20193.22-1998.71160.55-29447.4931872.693709.43-32071.03-2037.752361.66-41330.232826.444706.55-45714.47-2091.223329.4-55394.0933760.95729.65-63036.95-2165.654316.4-73735.9934672.636789.46-84127.32-2264.555334.39-96424.6735562.687897.04-109160.01-2386.296394.49-123640.9336439.948917.14-134474.1-2521.337370.11-151300.65115
5内力组合37294.569998.43-163179.05-2680.68404.01-182751.7338127.1911141.57-195481.19-2862.379495.68-218202.1139-45.212178.11-225727.5-3048.7310486.44-251953.3340914.3114449.86-258963.1-1987.0612533.33-288992.43410-13960.11-297408.460-15603.62-318787.0442-1125.58-12360.11-276858.05-1257.45-13959.62-296328.3743-932.28-11329.66-240986.6-1045.82-12859.26-257080.9244-754.37-10344.17-207636.69-850.79-11816.22-221165.0845-585.26-9249.92-172204.92-664.49-10657.9-183287.3646-441.14-8217.85-140293.03-505.12-9565.97-149564.6247-316.42-7235.44-111659.71-366.22-8529.04-120516.9448-207.39-6153.91-82679.66-243.87-7393.25-92169.9849-123.92-5106.04-57750.54-148.99-6301.89-68141.0750-61.83-4083.19-37131.96-77.06-5248.85-47896.4951-16.42-3062.93-20793.97-21.74-4214.42-31275.9352-0.01-1771.15-6510.9-0.01-2931.5-15488.0953-0.13-464.51733.55-0.42-1667.24-5203.47540.357.81637.53-0.4-1171.96-2606.87115
5内力组合表5-4标准值组合单元最大最小轴向(kN)剪力-z(kN)弯矩-y(kN*m)轴向(kN)剪力-z(kN)弯矩-y(kN*m)11.16-1036.9900.45-2396.81020.24-125.846675.1-0.05-1355.592430.73-0.02350.328342.86-0.03-852.412405.864-2.791628.867634.9-8.15468.53-1342.255-27.192903.18-129.53-42.221751.8-10611.436-68.553917.14-11234.77-92.912751.69-21999.237-129.284973.45-26551.76-164.33777.93-36942.228-213.226059.83-46172.08-260.664820.97-55662.339-319.467178.35-69828.15-380.535885.36-78685.3410-438.598207.72-93755.42-514.056860.33-103027.0611-580.299311.05-120929.32-6727904.01-132011.8312-744.2110456.64-151648.12-852.978985.64-165176.5913-913.1411492.73-180934.83-1038.749964.28-197029.2214013723.86-212721.55012117.79-232191.9515-4649.16-12352.8-227094.66-7550.53-14306.33-259450.9916-5615.62-10263.29-208944.53-8624.85-12024.94-238973.8617-5439.58-9279.69-179525.1-8434.3-10982.82-20574818-5280.5-8347.74-152927.14-8260.99-10005.46-175645.3919-5130.95-7298.94-124669.26-8096.84-8905.4-144239.1320-5005.35-6331.26-99840.99-7958.23-7889.09-116665.2921-4898.96-5425.22-78187.15-7839.78-6937.94-92666.36115
5内力组合22-4807.98-4421.59-57068.53-7737.34-5885.91-69364.7723-4740.53-3457.55-39655.51-7660.2-4878.27-5035424-4692.88-2523.76-25793.23-7604.57-3906.62-35472.8525-4660.01-1621.46-15400.84-7564.64-2973.75-24661.326-4649.32-441.31-7281.44-7550.64-1764.49-16537.4127-4649.17770.36-4947.34-7550.53-539.52-14079.428-4649.141009.78-5182.44-7550.5-299.72-14283.4329-4649.41246.63-5671.33-7550.72-63.26-14800.0230-4658.022445.83-11584.54-7562.11124.02-20838.8131-4690.173611.53-23284.79-7600.622263.76-32543.9732-4735.484556.27-36542.2-7653.143179.12-46221.8233-4799.525524.97-53269.74-7726.074111.71-63968.7834-4885.676525.49-73548.19-7822.855070.42-85845.5435-4993.037565.45-97532.34-7942.016062.91-112013.2736-5112.748523.74-121693.56-8074.016976.7-138520.1137-5254.49557.07-149029.2-8229.567962.66-168601.8838-5417.8110640.98-179789.41-8407.388995.1-202510.3339-5586.0611622.29-208536.34-8589.599930.62-234762.1740-4649.1614449.88-240097.66-7550.5312533.36-270126.99410-12958.17-246532.230-14601.69-267910.8142-1035.33-11307.59-227484.73-1167.2-12907.1-246955.0543-850.69-10283.5-194783.73-964.24-11813.1-210878.0544-682.05-9305.09-164582.75-778.47-10777.13-178111.1445-522.86-8203.01-132797.29-602.1-9610.98-143879.73115
5内力组合46-388.24-7179.47-104556.73-452.23-8527.6-113828.3247-273.25-6210.16-79562.8-323.05-7503.76-88420.0348-174.21-5132.03-54687.68-210.69-6371.36-6417849-100.22-4085.69-33848.33-125.29-5281.54-44238.8650-46.93-3076.83-17312.31-62.17-4242.48-28076.8451-11.11-2062.89-5000.21-16.43-3214.39-15482.1752-0.02-768.614282.6-0.02-1928.96-4694.59530.16516.616514.33-0.14-686.13577.31540.951012.435456.080.25-217.321211.67图5-1基本组合内力包络图(弯矩、剪力、轴力)115
5内力组合图5-2作用短期效应组合内力包络图(弯矩、剪力、轴力)图5-3作用长期效应组合内力包络图(弯矩、剪力、轴力)115
5内力组合图5-4标准值组合内力包络图(弯矩、剪力、轴力)115
5内力组合115
6预应力钢束设计6预应力钢束设计6.1钢束估算本设计在对纵向预应力钢筋的数量进行估计时,未考虑预加力的作用,也未考虑预加力对徐变、收缩的影响和钢束孔道的影响,各钢束的预应力损失值暂根据经验值估算。6.1.1计算原理根据配筋计算要求,预应力梁应满弹性阶段的应力要求和塑性阶段的强度要求。一般情况下,预应力筋的数量只要满足应力要求,就可同时满足塑性阶段的强度要求。又由于梁截面较高,受压区面积较大,上缘和下缘的压应力不是控制因素,为计算方便,可只考虑上缘和下缘的拉应力这个限制条件。本次设计,主梁为全预应力混凝土构件,按照规范JTGD62-2004的要求,对于部分预应力混凝土构件,预应力筋的数量应满足在作用短期效应组合下(6.1.1)的要求,式中:--短期荷载效应组合下构件边缘混凝土的法向,;--扣除全部预应力损失后的预加力在构件边缘产生的压应力(可按照估算预应力损失,其中);--混凝土的抗拉强度标准值。针对预应力筋的不同布置情况,可按以下情况对预应力筋的数量进行估算。1)截面上、下缘均布置预应力筋由预应力筋截面和以抵抗正负弯矩,由力筋和在截面上下缘产生的压应力分别为:(6.1.2)(6.1.3)解联立方程后得到(6.1.4)(6.1.5)115
6预应力钢束设计令,代入得到(6.1.6)(6.1.7)式中:—每束预应力筋的面积;—预应力筋的永存应力(可取估算);—预应力力筋重心离开截面重心的距离;—截面的核心距;,(—混凝土截面面积,取有效截面计算)2)截面只在下缘布置力筋抵抗正弯矩,当由上缘不出现拉应力控制时:(6.1.8)当由下缘不出现拉应力控制时:(6.1.9)3)截面中只在上缘布置力筋以抵抗负弯矩,当由上缘不出现拉应力控制时:(6.1.10)当由下缘不出现拉应力控制时:(6.1.11)4)按上缘和下缘的压应力的限制条件(6.1.12)115
6预应力钢束设计(6.1.13)有时需调整束数,当截面承受负弯矩时,如果截面下部多配根束,则上部束也要相应增配根,才能使上缘不出现拉应力,同理,当截面承受正弯矩时,如果截面上部多配根束,则下部束也要相应增配根。其关系为:当承受时,当承受时,6.1.2估算结果根据以上计算原理,可估算得到个单元钢束的面积,具体数据见表6-1。表6-1各单元钢束面积估算表(单位:m2)单元Ay(m^2)单元Ay(m^2)单元Ay(m^2)10190.0671370.073920.0003200.0611380.079230.0013210.0546390.083840.0071220.0464400.088150.0168230.0385410.095560.0263240.0319420.088570.0363250.0259430.083980.0459260.0203440.07990.0548270.0182450.0726100.0623280.0183460.0654110.0695290.0185470.058120.076300.0225480.0489130.0811310.0299490.0392140.0857320.037500.029115
6预应力钢束设计150.0884330.0444510.0191160.0817340.0529520.0087170.0773350.0613530.0022180.0725360.0679540.00086.2预应力束的布置①布置原则连续梁预应力钢束的配置不仅要满足《桥规》构造要求,还应考虑以下原则:1)应选择适当的预应力束的型式与锚具型式,对不同跨径的梁桥结构,要选用预加力大小恰当的预应力束,以达到合理的布置型式。2)应力束的布置要考虑施工的方便,也不能像钢筋混凝土结构中任意切断钢筋那样去切断预应力束,而导致在结构中布置过多的锚具。3)预应力束的布置,既要符合结构受力的要求,又要注意在超静定结构体系中避免引起过大的结构次内力。4)预应力束的布置,应考虑材料经济指标的先进性,这往往与桥梁体系、构造尺寸、施工方法的选择都有密切关系。5)预应力束应避免合用多次反向曲率的连续束,因为这会引起很大的摩阻损失,降低预应力束的效益。6)预应力束的布置,不但要考虑结构在使用阶段的弹性力状态的需要,而且也要考虑到结构在破坏阶段时的需要。7)预应力筋应尽量对称布置8)应留有一定数量的备用管道,一般占总数的1%(本次设计中不予考虑)。9)锚具的最小间距的要求。②钢束布置结果由于划分截面较多,现只给出支点截面、边跨跨中截面、中跨跨中截面的钢束布置示意图如下:115
6预应力钢束设计图6-1支点截面钢束布置示意图图6-2中跨跨中截面钢束布置示意图115
6预应力钢束设计图6-3边跨跨中截面钢束布置示意图115
7预应力损失及有效预应力计算7预应力损失及有效预应力计算7.1预应力损失计算7.1.1计算原理按照规范JTGD62-2004的要求,构件在预加应力时,预应力钢绞线的锚下控制应力应符合,故。由于施工中预应力索的张拉采用后张法,应计算以下预应力损失:预应力筋与管壁间的摩察损失;锚具变形,钢筋回缩和拼装构件的接缝压缩损失;混凝土弹性压缩损失;预应力索的应力松弛损失;混凝土的收缩徐变损失。①预应力筋与管道间的摩阻损失按以下公式计算。(7.1.1)②锚具变形,钢筋回缩和拼装构件的接缝压缩损失在计算接缝压缩引起的应力损失时,认为接缝在第一批钢束锚固后既完成全部变形量,以后锚固的各批钢束对该接缝不再产生压缩。可按以下公式计算:(7.1.2)(7.1.3)(7.1.4)③混凝土弹性压缩损失对于后张法构件,可按以下公式计算:(7.1.5)④预应力索的应力损失此项应力损失可根据规定,按下列公式计算。(7.1.6)式中:—张拉系数,一次张拉时,;超张拉时,;—钢筋松弛系数,I级松弛(普通松弛),;II级松弛(低松弛),;115
7预应力损失及有效预应力计算—传力锚固时的钢筋应力,对后张法构件;对先张法构件,。⑤混凝土的收缩徐变损失此项应力损失可根据规定,按下列公式计算:(7.1.7)7.1.2计算结果对于每一根钢束,在各个施工阶段,钢束在各个施工阶段预应力损失各不相同,由于钢束数量太多,此处仅以T3钢束为例,给出其在成桥阶段各项预应力损失及有效预应力、正常使用阶段的永存预应力结果,结果见表7-1。①钢束总体信息1)张拉方式:两端张拉2)成孔方式:预埋波纹管成型3)钢束材料类型:270k级钢绞线(15.24)4)钢束截面面积:1251mm25)张拉控制应力:1395MPa7.2有效预应力计算使用阶段有效预应力的计算公式如下:①使用阶段扣除全部损失的有效预应力:(7.2.1)②张拉锚固阶段的有效预应力:(7.2.2)③使用阶段,扣除混凝土收缩徐变外的预应力损失后的有效预应力:(7.2.3)式中:为预应力钢束与管壁间的摩擦损失为锚具变形、钢筋回缩和接缝压缩损失为混凝土弹性压缩损失为预应力钢筋的应力松弛损失为混凝土的收缩和徐变损失以T3钢束为例,利用迈达斯分析钢束预应力损失及有效预应力,计算结果详见表7-1:表7-1T3钢束预应力损失计算115
7预应力损失及有效预应力计算单元位置除摩擦损失、锚具变形损失后的有效预应力弹性压缩损失应力松弛损失收缩徐变损失预加力阶段有效预应力使用阶段有效预应力3I1015.32-5.12-7.27-71.261020.441098.963J1124.08-7.23-18.30-66.951131.311216.554I1075.26-9.43-13.30-69.671084.691167.664J1142.65-9.66-20.39-59.931152.301232.635I1142.65-9.70-20.39-62.531152.351235.275J1143.64-9.61-20.52-54.271153.241228.036I1089.02-6.54-15.04-56.531095.551167.136J1111.59-4.61-16.96-45.631116.191178.787I1078.63-2.99-13.74-48.811081.631144.187J1101.85-0.54-15.92-38.151102.391156.468I1101.85-0.43-15.92-40.751102.281158.958J1093.650.42-15.12-32.811093.231141.179I1074.672.62-13.25-36.141072.051121.449J1078.803.45-13.59-30.201075.341119.1410I1065.464.80-12.28-33.251060.661106.1910J1070.265.54-12.76-28.231064.721105.7111I1070.265.47-12.76-30.381064.791107.9411J1063.116.14-12.20-26.011056.971095.1812I1052.127.39-11.12-28.851044.731084.6912J1055.228.32-11.46-25.141046.901083.4913I1051.198.85-11.02-27.161042.341080.5213J1044.719.58-10.43-24.181035.121069.73115
7预应力损失及有效预应力计算14I1044.719.65-10.43-23.661035.051069.1414J1037.1211.07-9.79-18.931026.061054.7815I1037.129.88-9.79-20.921027.241057.9515J1044.738.42-10.47-25.651036.311072.4216I1044.738.35-10.47-26.171036.381073.0216J1041.807.13-10.62-29.491034.681074.7817I1061.506.60-12.13-27.891054.911094.9317J1060.175.13-11.86-32.191055.041099.0918I1063.033.84-12.19-29.331059.191100.7218J1070.222.38-12.76-34.511067.841115.1119I1070.222.43-12.76-32.491067.791113.0419J1065.410.79-12.28-38.501064.631115.4020I1078.84-0.65-13.59-35.681079.481128.7520J1074.43-2.49-13.22-42.721076.931132.8721I1093.47-4.85-15.10-39.721098.321153.1421J1101.70-7.03-15.91-49.081108.721173.7122I1101.70-7.19-15.91-46.711108.891171.5022J1078.48-10.51-13.73-58.171088.991160.8923I1111.62-12.40-16.96-55.481124.021196.4623J1088.71-14.66-15.01-66.471103.371184.8624I1143.54-17.89-20.51-64.551161.431246.4924J1142.96-18.01-20.43-72.251160.971253.6425I1142.96-18.83-20.43-71.081161.791253.3025J1075.14-18.15-13.29-79.481093.281186.05115
7预应力损失及有效预应力计算26I1124.03-17.05-18.29-78.451141.081237.8226J1014.61-14.17-7.20-81.061028.791117.05115
7预应力损失及有效预应力计算115
8考虑预应力次内力计算8考虑预应力次内力计算次内力是指超静定结构在各种内外因素影响下,结构因受到强迫的挠曲变形或轴向伸缩变形,在结构多余约束处产生多余的约束力,从而引起结构的附加内力。这一部分内力也成为结构的二次内力。引起结构次内力的因素通常可分为内因和外因,前者包括混凝土的收缩和徐变;后者包括温度变化,预加力和墩台基础沉降。8.1徐变次内力一般地,只有在超静定结构施加的预应力钢束才产生次内力,超静定结构有多余的约束条件存在,混凝土徐变受到制约,从而在梁体内产生徐变次内力,而徐变次内力的产生将会导致结构内力的重分布。其实,徐变次内力就是由于结构构件的体系发生了转换(即产生了多余的约束条件)而产生的。利用迈达斯分析徐变次内力,由于结构对称性,只取结构的一半进行计算,计算结果详见表8-1:表8-1徐变次内力单元轴向(kN)剪力-z(kN)弯矩-y(kN*m)10.77-1112.88020.34-1112.884451.513-0.01-1112.886677.2745.91-1112.8612241.66516.57-1112.7517806.05626.32-1112.5722257.57736.84-1112.2726709.08847.94-1111.8531160.59958.75-1111.3335612.11069.3-1110.7239507.181180.33-1109.9843402.25115
8考虑预应力次内力计算1290.62-1109.1847297.3313100.24-1108.3550635.96140-1112.8853974.615-4083.26-152.1711251.3116-4080.37216.2611479.5717-4082.09180.8210833.6118-4083.59142.9610294.4319-4084.81102.419800.4420-4085.663.629448.2621-4086.0323.889231.4922-4086.06-16.919141.2923-4085.72-55.569213.724-4085.06-92.119440.1925-4083.99-131.19812.4826-4083.24-152.6910471.6527-4083.26-152.311240.078.2收缩次内力由于多余约束的存在,混凝土在收缩过程中也会产生一定的次内力。在连续刚构体系中,由于墩梁固结,,为超静定结构,因此混凝土收缩时会产生次内力,混凝土收缩影响一般与温度有很大联系。利用迈达斯分析收缩次内力,由于结构对称性,只取结构的一半进行计算,计算结果详见表8-2:115
8考虑预应力次内力计算表8-2收缩次内力单元轴向(kN)剪力-z(kN)弯矩-y(kN*m)1-0.35521.502-0.15521.5-2086.0230521.5-3129.034-2.77521.5-5736.555-7.77521.45-8344.086-12.33521.36-10430.17-17.27521.22-12516.128-22.47521.02-14602.149-27.53520.78-16688.1610-32.48520.49-18513.4311-37.64520.14-20338.6912-42.47519.77-22163.9613-46.98519.38-23728.47140521.5-25292.99155377.80-2275.16165355.93-484.44-2275.16175359.94-437.91-823.12185363.77-388.19488.31195367.36-334.911840.45205370.3-283.943005.82215372.8-231.73992.86225374.85-178.044913.4115
8考虑预应力次内力计算235376.29-127.25619.76245377.22-79.096123.2255377.73-27.756434.6265377.80.686568.6275377.80.176558.788.3预应力次内力一般的静定结构中预应力不会产生次内力,而在超静定结构中由于有多余约束的存在,将会引起了附加的次内力,而预应力次内力也会产生的弯矩,该弯矩称为二次力矩。利用迈达斯分析预应力次内力,由于结构对称性,只取结构的一半进行计算,计算结果详见表8-3:表8-3预应力次内力单元轴向(kN)剪力-z(kN)弯矩-y(kN*m)10.15-193.58020.07-193.58774.330-193.581161.4541.03-193.572129.3352.88-193.553097.2164.57-193.523871.5276.41-193.474645.8288.34-193.45420.12910.22-193.316194.431012.05-193.26871.941113.97-193.077549.461215.76-192.938226.97115
8考虑预应力次内力计算1317.43-192.798807.7140-193.589388.43151449.720.0411868.94161443.83-130.5311868.88171444.91-117.9912260.12181445.94-104.5812613.42191446.91-90.2112977.61201447.7-76.4713291.42211448.38-62.413557.17221448.93-47.9413804.98231449.32-34.2313995.06241449.56-21.2614130.42251449.7-7.4314214261449.720.2414249.71271449.720.114244.358.4支座不均匀沉降次内力由于外界因素的影响,支座有时为发生沉降,该过程有时只在一瞬间,有时会很漫长。支座发生沉降将使结构体系发生转换,也将引起徐变次内力,而混凝土徐变对减轻支座沉降影响有一定作用。本设计假定其不发生水平位移和转角,只在一侧主桥墩处发生竖向向下位移0.01m,利用迈达斯分析支座不均匀沉降次内力,由于结构对称性,只取结构的一半进行计算,计算结果详见表8-4:115
8考虑预应力次内力计算表8-4支座不均匀沉降次内力单元轴向(kN)剪力-z(kN)弯矩-y(kN*m)10.08123.04020.04123.04492.1830123.04738.2740.65123.041353.4951.83123.031968.7162.91123.012460.8974.07122.982953.0685.3122.933445.2496.5122.873937.42107.66122.814368.07118.88122.724798.731210.02122.645229.381311.08122.545598.52140123.045967.6515434.2629.97176016432.549.411715.0417432.8247.551566.4918433.1345.571423.6219433.4243.441264.1120433.6641.41112.1521433.8639.3967.3822434.0237.15810.32115
8考虑预应力次内力计算23434.1435.1661.9124434.2233.16521.6825434.2631.09389.2226434.2630233.9427434.2629.98108.99115
8考虑预应力次内力计算115
9考虑预应力次内力效应的内力组合9考虑了预应力效应的内力组合考虑了预加应力产生的次内力、徐变次内力、收缩次内力、不均匀沉降次内力对结构的影响后,得到承载能力极限状态和正常使用极限状态的内力组合结果以及内力组合包络图如下:表9-1基本组合单元最大最小轴向(kN)剪力(kN)弯矩(kN*m)轴向(kN)剪力(kN)弯矩(kN*m)10.79-1521.3400.75-1582.86020.07-467.744224.240.05-529.263978.153-0.0359.064755.96-0.03-2.464386.834-6.761376.041475.77-7.091314.52799.025-39.382700.09-8401.65-40.32638.58-9386.016-90.063777.76-21105.33-91.513716.26-22335.777-162.374888.37-38185.49-164.414826.88-39662.028-261.516046.45-59807.32-264.175984.98-61529.949-386.747266.66-86196.12-389.997205.23-88164.8310-527.388396.04-113419.12-531.218334.63-115603.1611-694.789593.51-144737.4-699.229532.15-147136.7612-888.9410868.88-180415.07-893.9510807.56-183029.7613-1089.4612030.17-214691.3-109511968.9-217490.5514014527.08-252598.2014465.56-255582.02153952.88-15081.5-256386.113735.75-15111.47-257734.86162735.57-13530.68-234245.812519.32-13560.53-235549.6172955.72-12264.38-195380.982739.31-12294.26-196594.86115
9考虑预应力次内力效应的内力组合183155.33-11066.26-160247.42938.77-11096.15-161371.36193343.23-9751.17-123696.683126.52-9781.09-124715.74203501.14-8515.65-91638.93284.31-8545.58-92553.06213635.27-7347.71-63803.893418.34-7377.65-64613.14223750.16-6087.92-36863.923533.14-6117.88-37553.28233835.64-4892.46-14844.033618.57-4922.42-15413.5243896.32-3746.782489.13679.21-3776.752039.52253938.67-263215308.463721.54-2661.9714978.77263952.71-1287.3725148.063735.58-1317.3524968.23273952.8829.2628296.193735.75-0.7128241.7表9-2作用短期效应组合单元最大最小轴向(kN)剪力(kN)弯矩(kN*m)轴向(kN)剪力(kN)弯矩(kN*m)1-9183.5325.75-2628.24-9184.07-749.16-2628.242-11266.191796.34-2525.68-11266.43812.47-5988.943-19276.84237.07-1019.87-19276.85-727.88-5914.044-22267.481749.36-31.87-22271.89814.08-7669.365-24780.082892.98-5965.66-24792.441963.98-15271.76-25275.663356.38-13603.57-25295.622417.55-23599.587-25640.674055.15-22934.9-25669.263095.31-33161.288-26011.115017.31-35077-26049.614027.17-45165.419-26074.975706.79-49653.82-26124.224678.82-59791.2710-26102.726182.81-62390.96-26163.25116.83-73249.18115
9考虑预应力次内力效应的内力组合11-26315.256860.37-76125.31-26388.335752.72-88681.812-28903.037531.42-95008.27-28989.186379.09-109707.5813-31518.677989.2-111583.01-31617.686796.74-128447.614-30802.113185.17-133757.41-30802.111937.88-153354.3315-26224.02-12505.24-138730.28-28689.25-13932.65-164077.2116-27129.55-8512.83-120626.01-29668.51-9805.69-144254.1317-24678.63-7898.46-101307.75-27207.75-9150.4-122091.5318-21969.61-7330.33-83663.75-24489.08-8550.52-101814.4419-21473.25-6073.14-65369.67-23982.79-7257.49-81106.720-21260.97-5212.86-49959.48-23761.65-6363.21-63564.821-21421.26-4926.3-36005.26-23913.7-6045.1-47759.2122-21353.57-4217.99-20326.49-23838.14-5302.93-30312.5823-21170.23-3312.84-7128.69-23648.14-4367.27-15756.5824-21038.5-2385.063116.11-23510.9-3413-4558.7925-21049.85-1620.8710267.89-23517.35-2627.423126.1826-20709.59-438.9815832.97-23174.78-1425.158994.1327-15126.82615.7415116.08-17592.04-361.138614.65表9-3作用长期效应组合单元最大最小轴向(kN)剪力(kN)弯矩(kN*m)轴向(kN)剪力(kN)弯矩(kN*m)1-9183.69288.45-2628.24-9184.05-378.52-2628.242-11266.261737.57-3661.42-11266.421122.63-5851.353-19276.85157.84-2594.6-19276.85-446.29-5707.67115
9考虑预应力次内力效应的内力组合4-22268.481617.22-2346.66-22271.271030.04-7291.015-24782.172707.37-8559.9-24790.022123.79-14721.376-25278.243129.12-16145-25290.892539.93-22911.677-25643.363788.03-25226.55-25661.453186.84-32335.798-26013.674712.41-36960.81-26037.954093.93-44202.159-26077.235366.15-51105.3-26108.154726.08-58585.5910-26104.655812.41-63510.52-26142.55150.65-71587.2511-26316.796461.44-76951.25-26362.365775.91-86182.9812-28904.187104.97-95577.82-28957.76393.93-106218.5913-31519.517539.86-111961.62-31580.836805.93-123997.914-30802.112711.15-134095.55-30802.111945.68-147851.3615-26518.31-12535.48-139586.67-28113.12-13376.83-155226.716-27423.92-8523.24-121443.81-29060.11-9287.6-136063.1217-24973.09-7912.66-102115.05-26603.8-8653.65-115031.9618-22264.16-7351.75-84470.43-23889.48-8074.62-95805.6519-21767.86-6103.55-66356.19-23387.63-6805.96-76222.2520-21555.6-5253.08-51139.02-23170.41-5936.07-59697.0521-21715.89-4977.31-37381.75-23326.08-5642.29-44791.9422-21648.16-4282.94-21934.1-23253.93-4928.58-28231.3223-21464.77-3393.8-8974.69-23066.78-4022.02-14393.0324-21332.96-2484.461027.73-22931.85-3097.54-3743.2825-21344.21-1741.087948.39-22940.32-2341.943584.8226-21003.88-590.5913283.12-22598.67-1179.89221.0627-15421.11427.1312464.55-17015.92-156.778702.73115
9考虑预应力次内力效应的内力组合表9-4标准值组合单元最大最小轴向(kN)剪力-(kN)弯矩(kN*m)轴向(kN)剪力(kN)弯矩(kN*m)1-9183.94238.72-2628.24-9184.02115.67-2628.242-11266.361659.22-5175.74-11266.41536.17-5667.913-19276.8552.2-4694.24-19276.85-70.84-5432.54-22269.81441.03-5433.06-22270.461317.98-6786.555-24784.952459.9-12018.9-24786.792336.87-13987.616-25281.682826.1-19533.58-25284.592703.09-21994.467-25646.963431.86-28282.08-25651.033308.89-31235.148-26017.094305.88-39472.57-26022.394182.95-42917.819-26080.244911.96-53040.6-26086.744789.09-56978.0210-26107.235318.56-65003.27-26114.895195.75-69371.3411-26318.845929.54-78052.5-26327.725806.82-82851.2312-28905.716536.36-96337.22-28915.736413.72-101566.6113-31520.626940.73-112466.45-31531.76818.18-118064.9714-30802.112079.12-134546.41-30802.111956.07-140514.0615-26910.7-12575.8-140728.52-27344.96-12635.74-143426.0216-27816.42-8537.12-122534.2-28248.91-8596.82-125141.7817-25365.72-7931.58-103191.46-25798.54-7991.33-105619.2118-22656.89-7380.3-85546-23090.02-7440.09-87793.9219-22160.66-6144.1-67671.55-22594.08-6203.92-69709.6720-21948.44-5306.7-52711.74-22382.09-5366.56-54540.0521-22108.73-5045.32-39217.07-22542.59-5105.21-40835.58115
9考虑预应力次内力效应的内力组合22-22040.96-4369.54-24077.58-22474.98-4429.45-25456.3123-21857.5-3501.74-11436.02-22291.64-3561.67-12574.9724-21725.58-2616.99-1756.77-22159.8-2676.93-2655.9325-21736.69-1901.354855.72-22170.94-1961.294196.3326-21396.26-792.739883.31-21830.53-852.679523.6527-15813.5175.658929.17-16247.76115.718820.18图9-1承载能力极限状态内力组合包络图(弯矩、剪力、轴力)115
9考虑预应力次内力效应的内力组合图9-2正常使用极限状态短期效应组合内力包络图(弯矩、剪力、轴力)图9-3正常使用极限状态长期效应组合内力包络图(弯矩、剪力、轴力)115
9考虑预应力次内力效应的内力组合图9-4标准值组合内力包络图(弯矩、剪力、轴力)115
10截面验算10截面验算10.1承载能力极限状态截面强度验算在承载能力极限状态下,预应力混凝土梁沿着正截面和斜截面都有可能破坏,本设计只验算正截面的强度。翼缘位于受压区的T形截面或I形截面受弯构件,箱形截面受弯构件的正截面承载能力可参照T形截面计算,由于本设计未考虑普通钢筋参与受力,故其正截面抗弯承载能力按下列规定进行计算时也不考虑普通钢筋的影响,所以有:①当符合条件(10.1.1)应以宽度为的矩形截面按下面公式计算正截面抗弯承载力:(10.1.2)混凝土受压区高度应按下式计算:(10.1.3)截面受压区高度应符合下列要求:(10.1.4)当受压区配有纵向普通钢筋和预应力钢筋,且预应力钢筋受压即为正时当受压区仅配纵向普通钢筋或配普通钢筋和预应力钢筋,且预应力钢筋受拉即为负时②当不符合公式(10.1.1)的条件时,计算中应考虑截面腹板受压的作用,其正截面抗弯承载力应按下列规定计算:(10.1.5)此时,受压区高度应按下列公式计算,应符合(4、5、6)的要求。(10.1.6)式中,—桥梁结构的重要性系数,按《预规》JTGD62-2004第5.1.5条的规定采用,本设计为二级,取=1.0;—弯矩组合设计值;—混凝土轴心抗压强度设计值,按《预规》JTGD62-2004表3.1.4采用;—纵向预应力钢筋的抗拉强度设计值,按《预规》JTG115
10截面验算D62-2004表3.2.3-2采用;—受拉区纵向预应力钢筋的截面面积;—矩形截面宽度或T形截面腹板宽度,本设计应为箱形截面腹板总宽度;—截面有效高度,,此处为截面全高;、—受拉区、受压区普通钢筋和预应力钢筋的合力点至受拉区边缘、受压区边缘的距离;—受压区普通钢筋合力点至受压区边缘的距离;—T形或I形截面受压翼缘厚度;—T形或I形截面受压翼缘的有效宽度,按《预规》JTGD62-2004第4.2.2的规定采用。表10-1承载能力极限状态强度验算单元位置组合名称类型验算Sig_T(MPa)Sig_TL(MPa)Sig_TR(MPa)Sig_MAX(MPa)Sig_ALW(MPa)Sig_B(MPa)Sig_BL(MPa)Sig_B(MPa)1IcLCB43FX-MINOK8.8138.8138.8139.58116.2009.5819.5819.5811JcLCB43FX-MINOK8.0088.0108.00610.73816.20010.73710.73810.7362IcLCB43FX-MINOK8.1198.1218.11711.03016.20011.02811.03011.0272JcLCB43FX-MINOK7.7847.7877.78111.75016.20011.74811.75011.7463IcLCB43MY-MINOK8.8848.8878.88112.16016.200115
10截面验算12.15812.16012.1563JcLCB44MY-MINOK3.5903.5953.58413.61216.20013.60813.61213.6044IcLCB44FX-MINOK4.0484.0544.04313.62616.20013.62213.62613.6184JcLCB44FX-MINOK2.1962.2042.18816.12816.20016.12316.12816.1185IcLCB44FX-MINOK2.6222.6302.61416.27516.20016.27016.27516.2645JcLCB44FX-MINOK0.9750.9850.96518.28416.20018.27718.28418.2716IcLCB44FX-MINOK1.2951.3051.28618.19816.20018.19218.19818.1856JcLCB44FX-MINOK-0.101-0.090-0.11219.63816.20019.63019.63819.6227IcLCB44FX-MINOK0.2430.2540.23119.61716.20019.61019.61719.602115
10截面验算7JcLCB44FX-MINOK-1.014-1.002-1.02620.65816.20020.64920.65820.6418IcLCB44FX-MINOK-0.619-0.607-0.63220.66316.20020.65420.66320.6468JcLCB44FX-MINOK-1.724-1.710-1.73721.28616.20021.27721.28621.2689IcLCB44FX-MINOK-1.312-1.298-1.32521.27016.20021.26121.27021.2529JcLCB44FX-MINOK-2.069-2.055-2.08221.43416.20021.42421.43421.41510IcLCB44FX-MINOK-1.640-1.626-1.65421.42316.20021.41321.42321.40410JcLCB44FX-MINOK-2.303-2.289-2.31721.47116.20021.46121.47121.45211IcLCB44FX-MINOK-1.863-1.849-1.87721.45216.20021.44221.45221.43311JcLCB44FX-MINOK-2.481-2.467-2.49521.48316.200115
10截面验算21.47321.48321.46312IcLCB44FX-MINOK-2.019-2.005-2.03321.76116.20021.75121.76121.74212JcLCB44FX-MINOK-2.433-2.419-2.44721.64216.20021.63221.64221.62313IcLCB44FX-MINOK-1.980-1.966-1.99421.87516.20021.86521.87521.85513JcLCB44FX-MINOK-2.335-2.321-2.34921.66916.20021.66021.66921.65014IcLCB44MY-MINOK-2.375-2.359-2.39121.71016.20021.69921.71021.68914JcLCB44MY-MINOK-3.365-3.349-3.38222.66816.20022.65622.66822.64515IcLCB42FZ-MINOK-2.114-2.097-2.13222.09816.20022.08622.09822.07415JcLCB42FZ-MINOK-1.148-1.131-1.16421.16416.20021.15221.16421.141115
10截面验算16IcLCB42FZ-MINOK-1.114-1.096-1.13121.11916.20021.10721.11921.09416JcLCB42FZ-MINOK-0.766-0.748-0.78421.31416.20021.30121.31421.28917IcLCB42FZ-MINOK-1.170-1.152-1.18821.07416.20021.06121.07421.04917JcLCB42FZ-MINOK-0.739-0.720-0.75721.18616.20021.17321.18621.16118IcLCB42FZ-MINOK-1.219-1.201-1.23720.91116.20020.89920.91120.88618JcLCB42FZ-MINOK-0.601-0.582-0.61920.88316.20020.87020.88320.85819IcLCB42FZ-MINOK-1.032-1.014-1.05020.90216.20020.89020.90220.87719JcLCB42FZ-MINOK-0.381-0.363-0.39920.87416.20020.86120.87420.84920IcLCB42FZ-MINOK-0.804-0.786-0.82220.88616.200115
10截面验算20.87320.88620.86120JcLCB42FZ-MINOK-0.0030.014-0.02120.67916.20020.66720.67920.65521IcLCB42FZ-MINOK-0.408-0.391-0.42520.69716.20020.68520.69720.67321JcLCB42FZ-MINOK0.7910.8070.77419.97016.20019.95819.97019.94722IcLCB42FZ-MINOK0.4040.4200.38819.96916.20019.95819.96919.94722JcLCB42FZ-MINOK1.7251.7401.71018.87016.20018.86018.87018.84923IcLCB42FZ-MINOK1.3921.4061.37718.89716.20018.88718.89718.87723JcLCB42FZ-MINOK2.7402.7532.72717.57216.20017.56317.57217.55424IcLCB42FZ-MINOK2.4292.4422.41617.67016.20017.66117.67017.652115
10截面验算24JcLCB42FZ-MINOK3.6323.6433.62016.33016.20016.32216.33016.31425IcLCB42FZ-MINOK3.3433.3543.33116.55816.20016.55016.55816.54225JcLCB42FZ-MINOK4.5044.5144.49515.01216.20015.00515.01214.99826IcLCB42FZ-MINOK4.1944.2144.17415.38016.20015.36615.38015.35226JcLCB42FX-MINOK4.4634.4814.44614.86316.20014.85114.86314.83927IcLCB42FX-MINOK3.5383.5563.52114.77216.20014.76014.77214.74827JcLCB42FX-MINOK3.5203.5293.51114.77416.20014.76814.77414.76210.2正常使用极限状态应力、变形验算10.2.1施工阶段应力验算预应力混凝土受弯构件按短暂状况计算时,预应力钢筋应扣除相应阶段的预应力损失,荷载采用施工荷载。115
10截面验算在预应力和构件自重等施工荷载作用下截面边缘混凝土的法向应力应符合下列规定:①②当时,预拉区应配置其配筋率不小于0.2%的纵向钢筋;③当时,预拉区应配置其配筋率不小于0.4%的纵向钢筋;④当时,预拉区应配置的纵向钢筋配筋率按以上两者直线内差取用。式中、——按短暂状况计算时截面预压区、预拉区边缘混凝土的压应力、拉应力;、——与制作、运输、安装各施工阶段混凝土立方体抗压强度相应的抗压强度、抗拉强度标准值。现给出各单元截面在各阶段的应力验算结果如表10-2。表10-2各单元截面在各阶段的应力验算单元位置最大/最小阶段验算Sig_T(MPa)Sig_TL(MPa)Sig_TR(MPa)Sig_MAX(MPa)Sig_ALW(MPa)Sig_B(MPa)Sig_BL(MPa)Sig_BR(MPa)1IMax施工阶段12OK0.6280.6280.6281.74418.1441.7441.7441.7441IMin施工阶段14OK0.5890.5890.5890.589-1.4841.6351.6351.6351JMax施工阶段12OK-0.061-0.061-0.0612.76418.1442.7642.7642.7641JMin施工阶段13OK-0.066-0.066-0.066-0.066-1.4842.7492.7492.749115
10截面验算2IMax施工阶段12OK0.0610.0610.0613.08218.1443.0823.0823.0822IMin施工阶段13OK0.0550.0550.0550.055-1.4843.0623.0623.0622JMax施工阶段12OK-0.202-0.202-0.2023.73118.1443.7313.7313.7312JMin施工阶段13OK-0.210-0.210-0.210-0.210-1.4843.7033.7033.7033IMax施工阶段12OK0.9660.9660.9664.13418.1444.1344.1344.1343IMin施工阶段11OK0.6360.6360.6360.485-1.4840.4850.4850.4853JMax施工阶段12OK0.3340.3340.3345.23818.1445.2385.2385.2383JMin施工阶段11OK-0.482-0.482-0.482-0.482-1.4842.1352.1352.1354IMaxOK0.8290.8290.8295.16818.144115
10截面验算施工阶段125.1685.1685.1684IMin施工阶段10OK-0.247-0.247-0.247-0.247-1.4841.0111.0111.0114JMax施工阶段12OK-0.760-0.760-0.7607.34818.1447.3487.3487.3484JMin施工阶段10OK-2.094-2.094-2.094-2.094-1.4843.5163.5163.5165IMax施工阶段12OK-0.288-0.288-0.2887.27618.1447.2767.2767.2765IMin施工阶段10OK-1.591-1.591-1.591-1.591-1.4843.4953.4953.4955JMax施工阶段13OK-1.839-1.839-1.8399.13518.1449.1359.1359.1355JMin施工阶段10OK-3.245-3.245-3.245-3.245-1.4845.6905.6905.6906IMax施工阶段13OK-1.478-1.478-1.4788.68818.1448.6888.6888.688115
10截面验算6IMin施工阶段10OK-2.743-2.743-2.743-2.743-1.4845.6585.6585.6586JMax施工阶段13OK-2.810-2.810-2.81010.05818.14410.05810.05810.0586JMin施工阶段10OK-4.377-4.377-4.377-4.377-1.4847.6417.6417.6417IMax施工阶段13OK-2.430-2.430-2.4309.59518.1449.5959.5959.5957IMin施工阶段10OK-3.875-3.875-3.875-3.875-1.4847.6007.6007.6007JMax施工阶段13OK-3.692-3.692-3.69210.65918.14410.65910.65910.6597JMin施工阶段10OK-5.314-5.314-5.314-5.314-1.4849.1269.1269.1268IMax施工阶段11OK-4.719-4.719-4.71910.19018.14410.19010.19010.1908IMinOK-4.788-4.788-4.788-4.788-1.484115
10截面验算施工阶段109.0729.0729.0728JMax施工阶段11OK-5.937-5.937-5.93711.08818.14411.08811.08811.0888JMin施工阶段10OK-6.033-6.033-6.033-6.033-1.48410.11510.11510.1159IMax施工阶段11OK-5.432-5.432-5.43211.02618.14411.02611.02611.0269IMin施工阶段10OK-5.526-5.526-5.526-5.526-1.48410.05310.05310.0539JMax施工阶段11OK-6.250-6.250-6.25011.38618.14411.38611.38611.3869JMin施工阶段10OK-6.374-6.374-6.374-6.374-1.48410.54410.54410.54410IMax施工阶段11OK-5.753-5.753-5.75311.31718.14411.31711.31711.31710IMin施工阶段10OK-5.876-5.876-5.876-5.876-1.48410.47610.47610.476115
10截面验算10JMax施工阶段11OK-6.383-6.383-6.38311.37618.14411.37611.37611.37610JMin施工阶段10OK-6.535-6.535-6.535-6.535-1.48410.65810.65810.65811IMax施工阶段11OK-5.895-5.895-5.89511.30318.14411.30311.30311.30311IMin施工阶段10OK-6.046-6.046-6.046-6.046-1.48410.58510.58510.58511JMax施工阶段11OK-6.357-6.357-6.35711.13218.14411.13211.13211.13211JMin施工阶段10OK-6.534-6.534-6.534-6.534-1.48410.52510.52510.52512IMax施工阶段11OK-5.893-5.893-5.89311.06818.14411.06811.06811.06812IMin施工阶段10OK-6.068-6.068-6.068-6.068-1.48410.46110.46110.46112JMaxOK-6.192-6.192-6.19210.80818.144115
10截面验算施工阶段1110.80810.80810.80812JMin施工阶段10OK-6.386-6.386-6.386-6.386-1.48410.28510.28510.28513IMax施工阶段11OK-5.738-5.738-5.73810.74318.14410.74310.74310.74313IMin施工阶段10OK-5.932-5.932-5.932-5.932-1.48410.21910.21910.21913JMax施工阶段11OK-5.996-5.996-5.99610.42518.14410.42510.42510.42513JMin施工阶段10OK-6.204-6.204-6.204-6.204-1.4849.9759.9759.97514IMax施工阶段11OK-6.048-6.048-6.04810.34518.14410.34510.34510.34514IMin施工阶段10OK-6.258-6.258-6.258-6.258-1.4849.8969.8969.89614JMax施工阶段11OK-6.985-6.985-6.98511.23818.14411.23811.23811.238115
10截面验算14JMin施工阶段10OK-7.175-7.175-7.175-7.175-1.48410.77410.77410.77415IMax施工阶段11OK-6.528-6.528-6.52810.77618.14410.77610.77610.77615IMin施工阶段10OK-7.173-7.173-7.173-7.173-1.48410.77210.77210.77215JMax施工阶段11OK-5.606-5.606-5.6069.89818.1449.8989.8989.89815JMin施工阶段10OK-6.256-6.256-6.256-6.256-1.4849.8959.8959.89516IMax施工阶段11OK-5.556-5.556-5.5569.97718.1449.9779.9779.97716IMin施工阶段10OK-6.203-6.203-6.203-6.203-1.4849.9739.9739.97316JMax施工阶段11OK-5.296-5.296-5.29610.25118.14410.25110.25110.25116JMinOK-5.958-5.958-5.958-5.958-1.484115
10截面验算施工阶段1010.22010.22010.22017IMax施工阶段11OK-5.700-5.700-5.70010.30918.14410.30910.30910.30917IMin施工阶段10OK-6.366-6.366-6.366-6.366-1.48410.27910.27910.27917JMax施工阶段11OK-5.366-5.366-5.36610.51718.14410.51710.51710.51717JMin施工阶段10OK-6.043-6.043-6.043-6.043-1.48410.45510.45510.45518IMax施工阶段11OK-5.851-5.851-5.85110.58418.14410.58410.58410.58418IMin施工阶段10OK-6.532-6.532-6.532-6.532-1.48410.52210.52210.52218JMax施工阶段11OK-5.358-5.358-5.35810.69318.14410.69310.69310.69318JMin施工阶段10OK-6.047-6.047-6.047-6.047-1.48410.58310.58310.583115
10截面验算19IMax施工阶段11OK-5.840-5.840-5.84010.76518.14410.76510.76510.76519IMin施工阶段10OK-6.533-6.533-6.533-6.533-1.48410.65510.65510.65519JMax施工阶段11OK-5.180-5.180-5.18010.64518.14410.64510.64510.64519JMin施工阶段10OK-5.874-5.874-5.874-5.874-1.48410.47310.47310.47320IMax施工阶段11OK-5.674-5.674-5.67410.71218.14410.71210.71210.71220IMin施工阶段10OK-6.372-6.372-6.372-6.372-1.48410.54110.54110.54120JMax施工阶段11OK-4.832-4.832-4.83210.29718.14410.29710.29710.29720JMin施工阶段10OK-5.524-5.524-5.524-5.524-1.48410.05110.05110.05121IMaxOK-5.335-5.335-5.33510.35918.144115
10截面验算施工阶段1110.35910.35910.35921IMin施工阶段10OK-6.031-6.031-6.031-6.031-1.48410.11210.11210.11221JMax施工阶段11OK-4.108-4.108-4.1089.41818.1449.4189.4189.41821JMin施工阶段10OK-4.786-4.786-4.786-4.786-1.4849.0709.0709.07022IMax施工阶段11OK-4.630-4.630-4.6309.47318.1449.4739.4739.47322IMin施工阶段10OK-5.313-5.313-5.313-5.313-1.4849.1249.1249.12422JMax施工阶段11OK-3.216-3.216-3.2168.06018.1448.0608.0608.06022JMin施工阶段10OK-3.874-3.874-3.874-3.874-1.4847.5987.5987.59823IMax施工阶段11OK-3.713-3.713-3.7138.10218.1448.1028.1028.102115
10截面验算23IMin施工阶段10OK-4.375-4.375-4.375-4.375-1.4847.6397.6397.63923JMax施工阶段11OK-2.106-2.106-2.1066.23118.1446.2316.2316.23123JMin施工阶段10OK-2.742-2.742-2.742-2.742-1.4845.6565.6565.65624IMax施工阶段11OK-2.603-2.603-2.6036.26418.1446.2646.2646.26424IMin施工阶段10OK-3.244-3.244-3.244-3.244-1.4845.6885.6885.68824JMax施工阶段11OK-0.969-0.969-0.9694.16918.1444.1694.1694.16924JMin施工阶段10OK-1.593-1.593-1.593-1.593-1.4843.5033.5033.50325IMax施工阶段11OK-1.465-1.465-1.4654.19418.1444.1944.1944.19425IMinOK-2.095-2.095-2.095-2.095-1.484115
10截面验算施工阶段103.5263.5263.52625JMax施工阶段14OK4.4404.4404.4404.44018.144-0.112-0.112-0.11225JMin施工阶段10OK-0.249-0.249-0.249-0.249-1.4841.0171.0171.01726IMax施工阶段14OK4.1334.1444.1234.14418.1440.3100.3170.30326IMin施工阶段11OK-0.200-0.200-0.200-0.200-1.4841.7661.7661.76626JMax施工阶段14OK4.2714.2794.2624.27918.144-0.081-0.075-0.08726JMin施工阶段14OK4.2714.2794.262-0.087-1.484-0.081-0.075-0.08727IMax施工阶段14OK3.3603.3693.3513.36918.144-0.164-0.158-0.17027IMin施工阶段14OK3.3603.3693.351-0.170-1.484-0.164-0.158-0.170115
10截面验算27JMax施工阶段14OK3.3343.3343.3343.33418.144-0.146-0.146-0.14627JMin施工阶段14OK3.3343.3343.334-0.146-1.484-0.146-0.146-0.14610.2.2使用阶段应力验算①钢束应力验算预应力钢束中的拉应力应满足如下要求:(10.2.1)(10.2.2)式中:——预应力钢筋弹性模量与混凝土弹性模量的比值;——受拉区预应力钢筋扣除全部预应力损失后的有效应力;——混凝土法向拉应力,——预应力钢筋应力。在此给出部分钢束拉应力验算结果,见表10-3。表10-3钢束拉应力验算结果表钢束验算Sig_DL(kN/m^2)Sig_LL(kN/m^2)Sig_ADL(kN/m^2)Sig_ALL(kN/m^2)底板束01-01OK1074926.5181073468.00813950001209000底板束01-02OK1074926.5181072884.76813950001209000底板束01-03OK1036994.5811090480.20913950001209000底板束01-13OK952412.21831057531.86213950001209000底板束01-14OK952412.21831057531.16813950001209000底板束01-15OK954259.6171056431.20113950001209000115
10截面验算底板束01-16OK954259.6171056431.11713950001209000顶板束01-01OK1022943.6641067776.8813950001209000顶板束01-02OK1022943.6641067774.74913950001209000顶板束01-03OK1043018.7161132276.64313950001209000顶板束01-04OK1043018.7161132275.22213950001209000顶板束01-05OK1008115.0081152845.72313950001209000顶板束01-06OK1008115.0081152845.36813950001209000顶板束01-07OK998762.83561137008.19513950001209000顶板束01-08OK998762.83561137006.33313950001209000顶板束01-09OK998763.44321136021.64413950001209000顶板束01-10OK998763.44321136020.41513950001209000②混凝土应力验算,原理如下:1)正截面抗裂是对构件正截面混凝土的拉应力进行验算,应符合下列要求:a、全预应力混凝土构件,在作用(或荷载)短期效应组合下:预制构件:(10.2.3)分段浇筑或砂浆接缝的纵向分块构件:(10.2.4)b、A类预应力混凝土构件,在作用(或荷载)短期效应组合下:(10.2.5)在荷载长期效应组合下(10.2.6)2)斜截面抗裂是对构件斜截面混凝土的主拉应力进行验算,应符合下列要求:a、全预应力混凝土构件,在作用(或荷载)短期效应组合下:预制构件(10.2.7)115
10截面验算现场浇筑(包括预制拼装)构件(10.2.8)b、A类和B类预应力混凝土构件,在作用(或荷载)短期效应组合下:预制构件(10.2.9)现场浇筑(包括预制拼装)构件(10.2.10)式中:—在作用(或荷载)短期效应组合下构件抗裂验算边缘混凝土的法向拉应力,按公式(10.2.3)计算;—在荷载长期效应组合下构件抗裂验算边缘混凝土的法向拉应力,按公式(10.2.4)计算;—扣除全部预应力损失后的预加力在构件抗裂验算边缘产生的混凝土预压力,按《预规》JTGD62-2004第6.1.5条规定计算;—由作用(或荷载)短期效应组合和预加力产生的混凝土主拉应力,按《预规》JTGD62-2004第6.3.3条规定计算;—混凝土的抗拉强度标准值,按《预规》JTGD62-2004表3.1.3采用。受弯构件由作用(或荷载)产生的截面抗裂验算边缘混凝土的法向拉应力,应按下列公式计算:(10.2.11)(10.2.12)式中:—按作用(或荷载)短期效应组合计算的弯矩值;—按荷载长期效应组合计算的弯矩值,在组合的活荷载弯矩中,仅考虑汽车、人群等直接作用于构件的荷载产生的弯矩值。现给出截面的验算结果,具体计算结果见表10-4。115
10截面验算表10-4正截面抗裂验算结果表单元位置组合名称短/长类型验算Sig_T(MPa)Sig_TL(MPa)Sig_TR(MPa)Sig_MAX(MPa)Sig_ALW(MPa)Sig_B(MPa)Sig_BL(MPa)Sig_B(MPa)1IcLCB22短期FX-MAXOK0.50.50.50.50.01.31.31.31JcLCB22短期FX-MINOK0.20.20.20.20.01.81.81.82IcLCB22短期FX-MINOK0.30.30.30.30.02.02.02.02JcLCB22短期FX-MINOK0.10.10.10.10.02.42.42.43IcLCB22短期MY-MINOK1.01.01.01.00.02.72.72.73JcLCB22短期MY-MINOK0.50.50.50.50.03.63.63.6115
10截面验算4IcLCB22短期FX-MINOK0.90.90.90.90.03.53.53.54JcLCB22短期FX-MINOK-0.5-0.5-0.6-0.60.05.55.55.55IcLCB22短期FX-MINOK-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.20.05.45.45.45JcLCB22短期FX-MINOK-1.7-1.6-1.7-1.70.07.37.37.26IcLCB22短期FX-MINOK-1.4-1.4-1.4-1.40.06.96.96.96JcLCB22短期FX-MINOK-2.7-2.7-2.8-2.80.08.48.48.47IcLCB22短期FX-MINOK-2.5-2.5-2.5-2.50.08.18.18.17JcLCB22短期FX-MINOK-3.8-3.8-3.8-3.80.09.39.39.38IFX-MINOK-3.4-3.4-3.4-3.40.0115
10截面验算cLCB22短期8.98.98.98JcLCB22短期FX-MINOK-4.6-4.6-4.6-4.60.09.89.89.89IcLCB22短期FX-MINOK-4.3-4.3-4.3-4.30.09.49.49.49JcLCB22短期FX-MINOK-5.1-5.1-5.1-5.10.09.89.89.810IcLCB22短期FX-MINOK-4.8-4.8-4.8-4.80.09.59.59.510JcLCB22短期FX-MINOK-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.50.09.79.79.711IcLCB22短期FX-MINOK-5.2-5.2-5.2-5.20.09.49.49.411JcLCB22短期FX-MINOK-5.9-5.9-5.9-5.90.09.69.69.612IcLCB22短期FX-MINOK-5.5-5.5-5.5-5.50.09.59.59.5115
10截面验算12JcLCB22短期FX-MINOK-6.0-6.0-6.0-6.00.09.59.69.513IcLCB22短期FX-MINOK-5.6-5.6-5.6-5.60.09.59.59.513JcLCB22短期FX-MINOK-6.0-6.0-6.0-6.00.09.49.49.414IcLCB22短期MY-MINOK-6.1-6.1-6.1-6.10.09.39.39.314JcLCB22短期MY-MINOK-7.0-7.0-7.0-7.00.010.210.210.215IcLCB22短期FZ-MINOK-6.8-6.7-6.8-6.80.09.79.79.715JcLCB22短期FZ-MINOK-5.8-5.8-5.8-5.80.08.88.88.816IcLCB22短期FZ-MINOK-5.8-5.7-5.8-5.80.08.98.98.9JFZ-MINOK-5.3-5.3-5.3-5.30.0115
10截面验算16cLCB22短期8.88.88.817IcLCB22短期FZ-MINOK-5.6-5.6-5.6-5.60.08.98.98.917JcLCB22短期FZ-MINOK-5.0-5.0-5.0-5.00.08.78.78.718IcLCB22短期FZ-MINOK-5.4-5.4-5.4-5.40.08.78.78.718JcLCB22短期FZ-MINOK-4.5-4.5-4.5-4.50.08.38.38.319IcLCB22短期FZ-MINOK-4.9-4.9-4.9-4.90.08.68.68.619JcLCB22短期FZ-MINOK-3.9-3.9-3.9-3.90.08.18.18.020IcLCB22短期FZ-MINOK-4.2-4.2-4.3-4.30.08.48.48.420JcLCB22短期FZ-MINOK-3.1-3.1-3.1-3.10.07.57.67.5115
10截面验算21IcLCB22短期FZ-MINOK-3.4-3.4-3.4-3.40.07.97.97.921JcLCB22短期FZ-MINOK-1.8-1.7-1.8-1.80.06.46.46.422IcLCB22短期FZ-MINOK-2.1-2.1-2.1-2.10.06.76.86.722JcLCB22短期FZ-MINOK-0.2-0.2-0.3-0.30.04.84.84.823IcLCB22短期FZ-MINOK-0.5-0.5-0.5-0.50.05.15.15.123JcLCB22短期FZ-MAXOK2.32.22.31.30.01.31.31.324IcLCB22短期FZ-MINOK1.11.11.11.10.03.33.33.324JcLCB22短期FZ-MAXOK3.63.63.6-0.50.0-0.5-0.5-0.5IFZ-MAXOK3.43.43.4-0.10.0115
10截面验算25cLCB22短期-0.1-0.1-0.125JcLCB22短期FZ-MAXOK4.84.84.8-2.00.0-2.0-2.0-2.026IcLCB22短期FZ-MAXOK4.54.54.5-1.70.0-1.7-1.7-1.726JcLCB22短期FX-MAXOK4.74.74.7-2.10.0-2.1-2.1-2.127IcLCB22短期FX-MAXOK4.04.04.0-2.20.0表10-5斜截面抗裂验算结果表单元位置组合名称最大/最小Sig_MAX(MPa)Sig_AP(MPa)Sig_P1(MPa)Sig_P2(MPa)Sig_P3(MPa)Sig_P4(MPa)Sig_P5(MPa)Sig_P6(MPa)Sig_P7(MPa)Sig_P8(MPa)Sig_P9(MPa)Sig_P10(MPa)1IcLCB43OK9.619.48.88.89.69.60.91.01.11.21.41.4115
10截面验算1JcLCB43OK10.719.48.08.010.710.70.60.61.11.12.02.02IcLCB43OK11.019.48.18.111.011.01.11.01.51.42.42.32JcLCB43OK11.819.47.87.811.711.80.80.91.51.52.72.73IcLCB43OK12.219.48.98.912.212.21.61.72.22.23.23.23JcLCB44OK13.619.43.63.613.613.61.51.42.42.34.24.14IcLCB44OK13.619.44.14.013.613.61.91.82.82.74.34.34JcLCB44OK16.119.42.22.216.116.11.71.53.02.95.85.75IcLCB44OK16.319.42.62.616.316.32.11.93.43.35.95.95JOK18.319.41.01.018.318.31.6115
10截面验算cLCB441.53.43.37.17.06IcLCB44OK18.219.41.31.318.218.21.71.63.53.46.96.86JcLCB44OK19.619.40.00.019.619.61.41.33.53.47.87.87IcLCB44OK19.619.40.30.219.619.61.51.33.63.47.67.67JcLCB44OK20.719.40.00.020.620.71.21.13.63.58.48.38IcLCB44OK20.719.40.00.020.620.71.31.23.63.58.28.18JcLCB44OK21.319.40.00.021.321.31.00.93.53.48.78.69IcLCB44OK21.319.40.00.021.321.31.00.93.53.48.48.39JcLCB44OK21.419.40.00.021.421.40.70.63.33.28.68.5115
10截面验算10IcLCB44OK21.419.40.00.021.421.40.80.73.33.28.38.310JcLCB44OK21.519.40.00.021.521.50.60.63.23.18.48.411IcLCB44OK21.519.40.00.021.421.50.70.63.23.18.28.111JcLCB44OK21.519.40.00.021.521.50.60.53.23.18.38.312IcLCB44OK21.819.40.00.021.721.80.50.53.23.18.38.312JcLCB44OK21.619.40.00.021.621.60.50.53.23.18.38.313IcLCB44OK21.919.40.00.021.921.90.50.43.23.18.38.213JcLCB44OK21.719.40.00.021.721.70.40.43.23.18.28.2IOK21.719.40.00.021.721.70.8115
10截面验算14cLCB440.83.83.78.48.414JcLCB44OK22.719.40.00.022.622.70.80.73.93.89.19.015IcLCB42OK22.119.40.00.022.122.11.01.14.34.48.98.915JcLCB42OK21.219.40.00.021.121.21.11.24.24.38.38.316IcLCB42OK21.119.40.00.021.121.10.60.63.53.68.08.016JcLCB42OK21.319.40.00.021.321.30.60.73.53.68.18.117IcLCB42OK21.119.40.00.021.021.10.70.73.53.68.18.117JcLCB42OK21.219.40.00.021.221.20.70.83.63.68.18.118IcLCB42OK20.919.40.00.020.920.90.80.93.63.68.18.1115
10截面验算18JcLCB42OK20.919.40.00.020.920.90.91.03.63.78.08.019IcLCB42OK20.919.40.00.020.920.90.80.93.63.78.38.319JcLCB42OK20.919.40.00.020.820.91.11.23.73.88.28.220IcLCB42OK20.919.40.00.020.920.91.01.13.73.88.48.420JcLCB42OK20.719.40.10.120.720.71.41.54.04.08.38.321IcLCB42OK20.719.40.00.020.720.71.31.54.04.18.58.621JcLCB42OK20.019.40.80.819.920.01.82.04.14.28.08.122IcLCB42OK20.019.40.40.419.920.01.71.94.14.28.38.3JOK18.919.41.71.718.918.92.2115
10截面验算22cLCB422.34.14.27.57.623IcLCB42OK18.919.41.41.418.918.92.12.24.14.27.77.823JcLCB42OK17.619.42.82.717.617.62.52.64.04.16.96.924IcLCB42OK17.719.42.42.417.717.72.42.54.04.17.17.124JcLCB42OK16.319.43.63.616.316.32.62.73.94.06.26.325IcLCB42OK16.619.43.43.316.516.62.62.73.94.06.46.525JcLCB42OK15.019.44.54.515.015.02.62.73.63.75.55.526IcLCB42OK15.419.44.24.215.415.42.52.63.63.65.75.726JcLCB42OK14.919.44.54.414.814.92.32.33.43.45.35.3115
10截面验算27IcLCB42OK14.819.43.63.514.714.81.61.72.82.85.05.010.2.3变形验算结构的变形验算是为了保证结构具有一定的刚度,使它在长期使用过程中不致因变形过大而造成不良后果。①中跨跨中根据电算结果,汽车作用在中跨跨中引起的最大竖向位移为A,人群作用在中跨跨中引起的最大竖向位移为B,按照短期效应组合计算,并考虑挠度的长期影响,由JTGD62—2004第6.5.3条得η0=C。因此,消除自重产生的长期挠度后,中跨跨中的最大挠度为:计算结果表明:中跨跨中挠度满足规范要求。②边跨跨中根据电算结果,汽车作用在边跨跨中引起的最大竖向位移为A,人群作用在边跨跨中引起的最大竖向位移为B,按照短期效应组合计算,并考虑挠度的长期影响,由JTGD62—2004第6.5.3条得η0=C。因此,消除自重产生的长期挠度后,中跨跨中的最大挠度为:计算结果表明:边跨跨中挠度满足规范要求。115
11结论11结论通过三个月时间的不懈努力,终于完成了设计任务书交代的任务,在此次设计中,完成了一座三跨连续刚构桥的方案设计、结构设计。本设计到此,从方案初选,结构计算,预应力损失计算,验算,都进行了详细的阐述与计算,其结果也满足预期的要求。方案初选有3个初步拟定方案,分别是预应力钢筋混凝土拱桥,连续刚构桥和斜拉桥。经过多方面的比选最后确定为连续刚构桥。结构计算采用电算与手算结合的方式,电算采用迈达斯软件进行桥梁的内力计算,得出控制截面的弯矩值,再根据所得数据估算截面配筋。然后进行预应力损失计算,考虑预应力次内力计算,根据配筋进行正截面抗裂验算,斜截面抗裂验算,使用阶段预应力混凝土最大压应力验算,预应力钢筋的拉应力验算,要求每种验算都要满足要求,再进行挠度计算和预拱度的设计。通过验算都达到了预计的要求。完整的完成了此次毕业设计。115
11结论115
参考文献参考文献[1]JTJ01-1997.公路工程技术标准[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2003[2]JTG D60-2004.公路桥涵设计通用规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2007. [3]JTG D61-2005.公路圬工桥涵设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2005 [4]JTG D62-2004.公路钢筋混凝土及预应力桥梁设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004. [5]JTG D60-1985.公路桥涵地基与基础设计规范[S]. 北京:人民交通出版社,1985.[6]张健仁、朱剑桥编[M].钢筋混凝土与砖石结构。[7]邵旭东.桥梁工程(上、下册)[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.[8]颜东煌,李学文.桥梁电算[M].长沙:湖南大学出版社,1999. [9]李传习,夏桂云.大跨度桥梁结构计算理论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002. [10]周念先.桥梁方案比选[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997. [11]王文涛.刚构-连续组合梁桥[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1995.[12]范立础.预应力混凝土连续梁桥[M].北京: 人民交通出版社,1999.[13]林元培.斜拉桥[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1994. [14]公路桥梁设计从书. [M].北京:人民交通出版社,1994. [15]陈忠延.土木工程专业毕业设计指南[M].北京:中国水力水电出版社,2002. [16]严国敏.现代悬索桥[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002. [17]马保林.高墩大跨连续刚构桥[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002. [18]叶见曙.结构设计原理(第二版)[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005115
致谢致谢光阴似箭,本科毕业设计即将结束,在这短短的几十天里,我在老师的指导下,顺利完成了我的设计题目。在此,我要衷心地感谢我的指导老师一一高荣老师。在整个毕业设计中,我遇到了许许多多的困难和问题,在高老师的细心讲解下,我解决了种种问题,按时按质的完成了规定的进度任务。同时我还要感谢其他帮助我的老师,是你们的悉心帮助,让我突破难关,解决困难。在毕业设计期间,我虽然经历了苦和累,但体会到了很多的乐趣,收获匪浅,在高老师的要求下,我提高了自身独立思考,查阅参考资料解决问题的能力,在设计的最后关头,我们都有些筋疲力尽,但在高老师的激励和帮助下,我们坚持完成了自己的设计题目。在设计中,我们需要用电脑软件进行计算,在老师的耐心讲解下,我学会了迈达斯的一些基本操作技能,能运用迈达斯进行桥梁设计计算、验算等。在此,我还要感谢陪我一起坚持到最后的各位组员,因为你们的鼓励和帮助,我才得以顺利完成毕业设计。在重庆科技学院学习的日子即将过去,这期间老师们的辛勤付出是我们有目共睹的。真心祝愿学校的明天更加美好,我们建筑工程学院的老师们永远保持一颗年轻的心态踏实工作、勤奋育人,为社会培养更多的优秀人才。最后再次衷心地感谢各位老师和各位同学,祝愿大家在以后的日子里身体健康、工作顺利。致谢人:日期:年月日115'
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