浅谈房屋建筑施工中的质量管理 毕业设计(英汉双语)

'浅谈房屋建筑施工中的质量管理摘要：坚持质量第一、提高管理水平,是提高建筑工程质量关键之所在,只有在符合规定的质量标准和用户要求的前提下,满足质量、工期、成本等要求,才能为社会提供更多的优质、安全、经济适用的建筑产品。本文基于此,对房屋建筑施工中的质量管理进行了相关探讨。关键词：房屋建筑建筑施工质量管理1强化培训、优选施工人员是奠定质量控制的人才基础工程质量是所有参加工程项目施工的技术管理干部、操作人员协调工作的结果，所以施工人员是形成工程质量的主要因素。要控制工程质量首先是培训和优选施工人员，提高他们的综合素质。首先应提高他们的质量意识，按照全面质量不管的观念施工人员必须树立五大观念：质量第一的观念、预控为主的观念、用数据说话的观念以及社会效益与企业效益并重的综合效益观念。其次是施工人员的技术素质，管理干部、施工人员都应具有较高的进行质量规划和目标管理的能力，生产人员则应具有精湛的技术能力，一丝不苟的工作作风，严格执行质量标准和操作规程的法制观念，服务人员则应做好技术和生活服务，能以出色的服务间接地保证工程质量。2充分发挥质检人员质量检查控制作用按照“防检结合，预防为主”的原则积极推行“讲、帮、防、卡”的科学检查方法，与施工人员一道，共同对业主，对下道施工工序负责，质检人员、用户、施工人员要建立新型的合作关系，质量检查人员和施工现场作业人员目标是一致的，都是为向用户提供高质量，满意的建筑产品。但施工生产较忙的时候，为抢工程进度就放松质量管理的倾向时有发生。这导致了工程质量检查与被检查之间产生矛盾。要充分发挥工程质量检查人员的积极性，就要树立质量检查人员的权威性，这是十分必要和重要的。3以一案例逐步剖析质量管理，工程概况10 河池境内某大厦工程为地下一层、地上二十二、二十五层建筑,占地面积为2550.4平方米,建筑总高度为79.950米,建筑面积为地下4008平方米,地上36855平方米,阳台面积为1570.1平方米;设计主体合理使用年限为50年;建筑耐火等级二级,抗震设防烈度为7度,框架抗震等级二级;地下一层至地上三层2-A轴交2-6轴及2-17轴上的短肢剪力墙抗震等级为一级,其余剪力墙抗震等级为二级。该工程采用基础形式为预应力高强混凝土管桩,结构类型为现浇钢筋砼框架-剪力墙结构。4施工前的管理对施工前的质量管理,主要涉及三个方面,一是对有关设计、勘察文件审查的管理。对设计、勘察单位的质量行为和活动结果的监督,重点是放在对设计、勘察文件的审查监督把关上。一旦发现其违犯有关法律、法规和强制性标准的设计和勘察文件,可以通过直接的经济处罚和法律制裁,使直接责任主体承担由其失误疏忽或有意所造成的质量责任。二是对招投标活动的管理,重点是施工招投标的监督,实现市场监督与质量监督的有效结合,通过质量监督审查促进市场竞争的规范化和良性运转,通过市场有效运作,保证质量监督的有效性。三是对合同文本的监督,重点是施工合同的监督,把质量管理的规范化和法制化落实到合同条款中,以合同的法律效力约束各建设主体的质量行为和活动结果。通过对这三方面的内容的审查监督,实现政府对建设工程质量实施过程的预控监督。施工前质量管理的重点归根到底是对业主质量行为的管理,因为业主是所有这些活动的组织者、决策者,这也是规范建设业主质量行为和活动结果的重要措施。5施工中的管理5.1原材料质量控制材料质量是工程施工质量的关键,工程使用原材料不符合规定,工程质量不可能符合要求。因此,在工程施工质量控制中不许再施工前对材料进行质量控制,保证材料质量,以此提高工程施工质量。对于材料的控制,首先要对材料供应常见进行必要的审核,选择具有资质的供应厂家进行材料的供应。其次,要对进场原料进行必要的检验,包括:质量检验报告单的检查、外观的检查、理化检验的检查等等。通过一系列的检验来保证进场原料的质量。5.2工序与工期控制要落实交接检制度,上道工序不合格不得进入下一道工序施工。同时建筑工程质量受季节影响,合理安排施工进度是保证工程质量的重要措施,而盲目抢工期必然造成严重后果。实现质量控制步骤一是设立质量控制点,选定关键环节和重点工艺进行重点检查,二是强化对操作人员的管理,工程质量的好与坏,在一定程度上取决于施工人员的操作水平的高低。5.3加大现场巡查力度1）10 质量管理人员在施工现场要力争掌握第一手资料,努力实现及时控制,对发生的问题务必做到早发现、早纠正,避免积重难返,避免大的返工损失。比如,砌体工程中的拉结筋的检查,若采取砌体完成后开洞检查,一是不易检查,还有就是查出问题也难以补救,但在现场巡查中及时予以解决,既能避免较大损失,也易得到承包商的合作。2）现场实体质量的检查方式应采用科学的监测仪器和设备,提供准确可靠、有说服力的数据,增强政府工程质量监督检查的科学性和权威性。通过监督抽查,保证强制性标准的贯彻执行,保证建筑法律、法规和规范的贯彻落实,从宏观整体上把握建设工程质量和结构使用安全。另外,在加强程序管理的同时,必须加强技术控制。技术控制的方法采用评价标准的方法比较好。评价标准的方法主要有如下几点:一是对施工现场质量保证条件的检查评价,二是对工程竣工检测结果的检查评价,三是对现场质量保证资料的检查评价,四是对工程实体的尺寸偏差的实测,五是对完工后的工程实体的宏观观感检查评价。5.4竣工后的管理1）竣工后的质量管理是建设工程投入使用的把关管理。首先要保证不符合质量标准要求的工程不能投入使用,避免低劣工程对国家和公共使用者造成直接的危害和影响。其次是把装修、维修和维护的质量监督纳入建设工程全寿命质量管理的范畴:一是要杜绝或减少由于装修、维护过程中的违规行为造成对已有建设工程地基基础、主体结构和环境质量的破坏,引发质量事故。二是避免由于维修、维护的质量达不到要求给国家和公众用户的生产生活环境造成直接损失。在这一阶段的监督应着重把好两关:一是严格对其竣工验收备案的审查、监督,确保备案登记的可靠性、权威性和有效性。二是加强对装修、维护过程中的质量管理,使建设工程全寿命期内的质量目标得到有效实现,为用户创造安全、舒适、健康的生产、生活环境,使建设工程质量实现可持续发展。大力提倡和推行工程质量保险,将工程质量管理纳入经济管理的范畴,以解决工程交付使用后发生质量问题住户找不到责任方的后顾之忧。　　2）这一阶段是工程项目由建设转入使用或投产的标志;是对工程质量进行检验的必要环节;是保证合同任务全面完成、提高工程质量水平的最后把关。单位工程竣工后,必须进行最终检验和实验。单位工程技术负责人应按编制竣工资料的要求收集整理材料、设备、构件的质量合格证明材料,各种材料的实验检验资料、隐蔽工程记录、施工记录等质量记录。由项目技术负责人组织项目的技术、质量、生产等有关专业技术人员到现场进行检验评定。对查出的施工质量缺陷应予以纠正,并且应在纠正后再次验证以证实其符合性。确认工程质量符合强制性标准设计文件及合同要求,向发包人、监理部提出工程竣工报告。参加由建设单位组织的各方主体参与的竣工初验、验收程序。10 结束语百年大计，质量为本，房屋建筑工程的质量关系到人们日常生活和生命财产安全。近几年，住房质量问题已经成为公众关心的焦点，每年的3.15消费者权益日，中国消费者协会公布的被消费者投诉最多的十大类商品中，房屋住宅质量问题高居前位。因此，在工程施工管理人众多方面中，质量管理是关键和核心。只有做好房屋工程施工质量策划和房屋建筑工程施工质量控制，才能造出更多的优质工程。参考文献:1.建筑工程(施工管理)[J].泰州职业技术学院学报.2.王言.关注施工管理“两张皮”现象[J].施工企业管理.3.林轶红,李远瑛.提高建筑工程质量的几点思考[J].山西建筑,2005,31(1):127-128.4.卜娜蕊,王利文,李万勤.浅谈施工管理[J].河北建筑工程学院学报,2002,(02).5.胡正华.知识经济时代的施工管理浅析[J].硫磷设计与粉体工程,2005,(06).6.郑景秋.谈影响工程施工质量的五大因素[J].山西建筑,2005,31(1):135-136.10 BuildingconstructionqualitymanagementAbstract：adheretothequalityfirst,improvethemanagementlevel,improvethequalityofconstructionisthekey,onlytomeettherequiredqualitystandardsanduserrequirementsunderthepremiseofquality,timelimitforaproject,cost,tomeettherequirements,toprovidemorehigh-quality,safe,economicalandapplicablebuildingproducts.Basedonthis,thebuildingconstructionqualitymanagementof.Keywords:housingconstructionbuildingconstructionqualitymanagement1strengthentraining,selectionofconstructionpersonnelislayingthequalitycontrolpersonnelfoundationEngineeringqualitywereallparticipantsintheprojectconstructiontechnologymanagement,operatingpersonnelcoordinationworkresults,soconstructionworkersistoformthemainfactorofprojectquality.Tocontroltheengineeringqualityfirstisthetrainingandselectionofconstructionpersonnel,improvingtheircomprehensivequality.Weshouldimprovetheirqualityawareness,accordingtocomprehensivequalityregardlessofideaconstructionpersonnelmustestablishfiveconcepts:theconceptofqualityfirst,pre-controlpriorityidea,talkwithdataconceptandsocialbenefitandenterprisebenefitandcomprehensivebenefitidea.Thesecondistheconstructionofthetechnicalqualityofpersonnel,management,constructionpersonnelshouldhavehigherqualityplanningandmanagementcapacity,productionpersonnelshouldhavesuperbtechnicalability,bestrictinone"sdemandsofthestyleofwork,strictimplementationofqualitystandardsandproceduresofthelegalconcept,servicepersonnelshoulddogoodtechnologyandservicelife,canbewithexcellentserviceindirectlytoensureengineeringquality.2givefullplaytoQCqualitycontrolfunctionAccordingto"theanti-seizurecombination,preventionfirst"principleiscarriedoutactively"tell,help,anti,card"scientificexaminationmethod,andtheconstructionpersonneltogether,commontotheownersofconstructionprocess,responsible,qualitycontrolpersonnel,users,theconstructionpersonneltoestablishnewrelationsofcooperation,qualityinspectionstaffandtheconstructionsiteoperationspersonnelis10 consistent,itistoprovideuserswithhighquality,satisfactionofbuildingproducts.Buttheconstructionproductionisbusy,tosnatchtheprojectscheduleisloosenqualitymanagementtendencyoccurs.Thisledtocheckthequalityoftheprojectischeckedwithcontradictionsbetween.Togivefullplaytotheinitiativeofthestafftocheckthequalityoftheproject,itisnecessarytoestablishtheauthorityofthequalityinspectionpersonnel,itisverynecessaryandimportant.3followingacaseanalysisgraduallyqualitymanagement,engineeringsurvey:TheterritoryofHechiabuildingfortheundergroundlayer,onthegroundtwenty-two,twenty-fivebuildings,coversanareaof2550.4squaremeters,buildingatotalheightof79.950meters,constructionareaof4008squaremetersunderground,ontheground36855squaremeters,balconyareais1570.1squaremeters;themaindesignreasonableservicelifeis50years;buildingfiregradetwo,seismicfortificationintensityis7degrees,frameaseismicgradetwo;thegroundfloortothegroundfloorthreelayer2-Aaxis2-6axisand2-17axisshortlimbshearwallseismicratingforaclass,therestofshearwallseismicgradetwo.Theprojectusesthebaseformofprestressedhigh-strengthconcretepipepile,structuretypeforthecast-in-placereinforcedconcreteframeshearwallstructure.4constructionmanagementOntheconstructionqualitymanagement,mainlyinvolvesthreeaspects,oneisaboutthedesign,surveyanddocumentreviewmanagement.Ondesign,reconnaissanceunitqualitybehaviorandresultsoftheactivitiesofthesupervision,theemphasisisplacedonthedesign,surveyanddocumentreviewsupervisorycontrol.Iftheviolationoftherelevantlaws,regulationsandmandatorystandardsforthedesignandsurveydocuments,canbethroughdirecteconomicpenaltiesandlegalsanctions,enablingdirectresponsibilityassumedbytheerrorcausedbynegligenceorintentionalqualityresponsibility.Twooftheactivitiesofthebiddingmanagement,focusesontheconstructionbiddingsupervision,marketsupervisionandqualitysupervisiontheeffectiveintegration,throughthequalitysupervisiontopromotethemarketcompetitionandstandardizationofthebenignoperation,effectivelythroughmarketoperation,toensurethevalidityofqualitysupervision.Threeisthetextofthecontractsupervision,isthefocusofconstructioncontractsupervision,qualitymanagementstandardizationandlegalizationtofulfilthetermsofthecontract,thelegaleffectofcontractbindingtheconstructionqualityandresults.Byanalyzingthethree10 aspectsofexaminationandsupervision,toachievethegovernment"sconstructionqualityoftheimplementationprocesscontrolandsupervision.Beforetheconstruction,inthefinalanalysisistheemphasisofqualitymanagementforownersofqualitybehaviormanagement,becausetheownerofalltheseactivitiesoftheorganizers,decisionmakers,whichisthestandardconstructionownerqualitybehaviorandresultsoftheactivitiesoftheimportantmeasures.5constructionmanagement5.1LrawmaterialsqualitycontrolMaterialqualityengineeringconstructionqualityisthekey,useofrawmaterialsdoesnotmeettherequirementsofengineering,engineeringqualitycannotmeettherequirements.Therefore,intheconstructionqualitycontrolofstopbeforeconstructiononmaterialqualitycontrol,toensurethequalityofmaterials,inordertoimproveconstructionquality.Forthecontrolofmaterials,firstofalltothecommonmaterialsupplynecessaryaudit,selectqualifiedsuppliersforthesupplyofmaterials.Secondly,toapproachthenecessaryinspectionofrawmaterials,including:qualityinspectionreportoftheinspection,theinspectionofappearance,physicalandchemicalinspectioninspection.Throughaseriesofteststoensurethequalityoftherawmaterialsentering.5.2proceduresandtimelimitcontrolToimplementthehandoverinspectionsystem,ontheproceduresofunqualifiedshallenterintonextworkingprocedureconstruction.Atthesametimeconstructionqualityaffectedbyseasons,thereasonablearrangementofconstructionscheduleistoensuretheengineeringqualityareimportantmeasures,andblindlyrushperiodwillinevitablyleadtoseriousconsequences.Qualitycontrolstepistoestablishqualitycontrol,selectedkeyandkeytechnologytoundertakethekeyischecked,thetwoistostrengthentheoperationofthemanagement,projectqualityisgoodorbad,dependstosomeextentontheconstructionofpersonneloperationlevel.5.3increaseon-siteinspectionsQualitymanagementintheconstructionsiteshouldstrivetograspfirst-handinformation,andstrivetoachievethetimelycontrol,fortheoccurrenceoftheproblemmustaccomplishearlydiscovery,earlycorrectionofbadoldpracticesdiehard,avoid,avoidlargeloss.Forexample,inthemasonrytiebarexamination,iftakenafterthecompletionofamasonryopeningexamination,isnoteasytocheck,andtoidentifythe10 problemsarealsodifficulttoremedy,butintheon-siteinspectioninatimelymannertosolve,canavoidbiggerloss,butalsoeasytogetthecooperation.Theentityqualityinspectionmethodsshouldadoptscientificmonitoringinstrumentsandequipment,toprovideaccurate,reliableandconvincingdata,strengthenthegovernmentengineeringqualitysupervisionandinspectionofscientificandauthoritative.Throughthesupervision,toensuretheimplementationofmandatorystandards,ensuretheconstructionoflaw,regulationsandstandardcarryout,frommacroscopicaloverallgrasptheconstructionprojectqualityandstructuresafety.Inaddition,instrengtheningprogrammanagementatthesametime,wemuststrengthenthetechnicalcontrol.Technologycontrolmethodusingstandardevaluationmethodisbetter.Evaluationofstandardmethodsaremainlyasfollows:oneistheonsitequalityassuranceconditionexaminationandevaluation,twoisthecompletionoftheprojectthedetectionresultsoftheexaminationandevaluation,threeisonsitequalityassurancedataexaminationandevaluation,fourofengineeringentitysizedeviationofthemeasured,fiveisforthecompletionofengineeringthemacrovisualinspectionevaluation.5.4afterthecompletionofthemanagementAfterthecompletionofthequalitymanagementofconstructionprojectsisputintousecheckmanagement.Firstofalltoensurethatdonotmeetthequalitystandardsoftheprojectcannotbeputintouse,avoidinferiorprojecttothestateandpublicuserscausedirectharmandinfluence.Thesecondisthedecoration,repairandmaintenanceofqualitysupervisioninconstructionprojectwholelifequalitymanagementcategory:oneistoeliminateorreduceduetorenovation,maintenanceprocesscausedbyirregularitiesontheconstructionengineeringfoundation,bodystructureandenvironmentalquality,damage,causequalityaccident.Twoispreventedduetorepair,maintenancequalityisnotuptotherequirementstothestateandpublicusersproductionandlivingenvironmentcausedbydirectdamage.Atthisstageofthesupervisionshouldbeemphasizedgoodtwoclose:itisstrictlyforitscompletionandacceptancereview,supervision,toensurethattheregistrationofthereliability,authorityandeffectiveness.Twoistoenhancethedecoration,maintenanceofqualitymanagementintheprocess,sothatconstructionprojectwholelifequalityobjectivesareeffectiveimplementation,foruserstocreateasafe,comfortable,healthyproduction,livingenvironment,sothattheconstructionqualityandrealizingthesustainabledevelopment.Advocatingandimplementingprojectqualityinsurance,the10 projectqualitymanagementintoeconomicmanagementcategory,tosolveengineeringafterthedeliveryofqualityproblemtenantstofindtheresponsiblepartyforanymenacefromthe"rear".Thisphaseistheprojectbyconstructiontouseorproductionofmark;isonengineeringqualityinspectionthenecessarylink;istheguaranteecontracttaskisfinishedintheround,improveprojectqualityleveloffinalchecks.Theunitafterthecompletionoftheproject,mustundertakethefinalinspectionandtest.Unitengineeringtechnicalpersoninchargeshouldbepreparedforthedemandsofinformationcollectedmaterials,equipment,componentqualitycertificateofmaterials,avarietyofmaterialtestdata,recordofconcealedwork,constructionrecordsrecords.Bythetechnicaldirectorofprojectorganizationprojecttechnology,quality,productionandotherrelevantprofessionalandtechnicalpersonneltothesceneinspectionandevaluation.Toidentifytheconstructionqualitydefectsshouldbecorrected,andshouldbecorrectedonceagainaftertheverificationtodemonstrateconformity.Toensureengineeringqualityaccordwithmandatorystandarddesigndocumentsandtherequirementsofthecontract,theemployer,theMinistryofsupervisionoftheprojectcompletionreport.Attendedbytheconstructionunitoftheorganizationofthemainpartiesinvolvedinthecompletionofinitialinspection,acceptanceprocedure.endingProject,quality,thequalityofhousingconstructionrelatedtopeople"sdailylifeandthesafetyoflifeandproperty.Inrecentyears,thehousingqualityproblemshavealreadybecomethefocusofpublicattention,annual3.15consumerrightsday,ChinaConsumersAssociationpublishedbyconsumercomplaintsthelargestofthetenmajorcategoriesofcommodities,thehousingqualityproblemsatthefront.Therefore,constructionmanagementinmanyaspects,qualitymanagementisthekeyandcore.Onlydoagoodjobinbuildingengineeringconstructionqualityplanningandhousingconstructionqualitycontrol,tocreatemorequalityengineering.Reference.[1]BuildingEngineering(ConstructionManagement)[J].JournalofTaizhouPolytechnicCollege.10 [2]WangYan.Payingattentiontoconstructionmanagement"twopiecesofskins"phenomenon[J].Managementofconstructionenterprises.[3]LinYihong,LiYuanying.Toimproveconstructionqualityseveralponders[J].Shanxibuilding,2005,31(1):127-128.[4]BuNarui,WangLiwen,LiWanqin.Discussiononconstructionmanagement[J].JournalofHebeiInstituteofArchitectureandCivilEngineering,2002,(02).HuZhenghua[5].Theeraofknowledgeeconomytheconstructionmanagement[J].Parathiondesignandpowderengineering,2005,(06).[6].ZhengJingqiu.InfuluencingthecontrcutionqulityofEngineeringfivefsctors[J].Shanxibuilding.2005,31(1):135-136.10'