冻土隧道湿喷混凝土施工工法

'yuan,anincreaseof17.5%;localgovernmentgeneralbudgetrevenueof500millionYuan,...Painting,modelculturecreatesnewMaChurchcommunity,creatingLakescenicspotcultureeducationbase,receivedhighevaluationfromprovincialandmunicipaldisciplineInspectionCommission,thepeople"sdailyspecialreport.ConstantlypromoteindependentCommissionagainstcorruptioncultureconstructiontoruralextends,createdestablishedDahlinruralindustryParkindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionculturepositions,formedhasasupport"servicelowdoubleexcellent"ofmembersleadteam,constantlyperfectandestablishedParkfundsassetsmanagement,andvillageauditsupervision,andvillagersdemocraticfinancial,system,strengtheningParkparty,andChief,andfinancial,fullpublic,powerfultoguaranteeshasnewruralconstruction,bycityruralstylecleangovernmentinspectionunitledofheightevaluation.　　Throughtheimplementationofhonestandcleangovernmentculturalconstruction,andeffectivelyeducatethebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresandconsciouslyregulatedbehavioranddiscipline,honestyinpoliticsandculturetocreateagoodatmosphereandfreshdevelopmentenvironment.AlthoughweinimplementimplementationindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionguidelinesaspectsmadehasmusteffectiveness,butawayfromsuperiorofrequirementsalsoexistsmustofdistance,mainperformancefor:aissystemenoughsound,education,andsupervision,andprevention,andpunishment,aspectslong-termmechanismalsoenoughperfect,especiallyinenrollmentbidworkregulatoryaspectsalsoneededstrengthening;IIisregulatorysupervisionexistslostofYuwide,andlostofYusoft,investigationillegaldisciplinarycaseofeffortsalsoneededstrengthening,individualsectorandcadresalsodifferentdegreeexiststreatgift,nottobenefitsnotdo,andmessdoofphenomenon;Threeforhonestworkisthenewsituationsandnewproblemsinfindingtimelyenough,treatmentmeasuresarenotstrongenough.　　Tosolvetheseproblems,wewillproceedfromthefollowingfiveaspectsofrectification,makesuretoimplementtheprovisionsofthecode.(A)deepeningthelearning,enhancetheconsciousnessofhonestyinpolitics.TocreateeventasanopportunitytoExcelandlearningparty,furtherincreasingthegovernancecapabilityandadvancedconstruction,reinforcedrulesofthebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresawareness,senseofresponsibility,senseofhonor,improveworkingabilityandlevelofscientificdevelopment.Shouldmakefulluseofmeetings,inparticularcentralgrouplearningopportunity,furtherstrengtheningthestudyandeducationofthecode,theintensivewarningeducation,educationthemajorityofpartymembersandcadresknownfear,knewfear,honestyinpoliticsoftensionthestrings,consciousnessandenhancingtheimplementationoftheinitiative.　　Also,payattentiontoapplywhattheyhavelearned,consciouslystudyresultsintoplanningwork,newideas,冻土隧道湿喷混凝土支护施工工法中铁五局（集团）有限公司中铁十局集团有限公司夏真荣杨安杰苟祖宽林定权1前言冻土隧道的开挖施工，除符合一般地区隧道的应力释放、松弛变形等规律外，还因冻土这一特殊地质条件的存在而带来了新的特点，即围岩的稳定性还与冻土的热平衡环境有关。当冻土隧道开挖后，不仅围岩原有的应力平衡状态发生变化，冻土的热平衡状态也发生了变化，冻土直接暴露在空气中，与空气接触的围岩表面冻土与外界环境发生热交换，冻土吸热发生融化，其强度和自稳能力大大降低，围岩表面逐层融化掉块，甚至坍塌，因此冻土隧道开挖支护不仅要解决强度、刚度等一般地区隧道支护施工的问题，还要解决冻土的热融坍塌问题。目前，在钻爆法施工的隧道开挖过程中，临时支护手段主要以喷射混凝土为主，然而，如何保证喷射混凝土与冻土岩面有良好的粘结强度，如何控制混凝土硬化过程所放出的热量能保证冻土不过度融化，如何保证低温环境下喷射混凝土的早期强度能满足支护需要，这些都是施工中需要解决的问题。在高原冻土世界第一长隧——昆仑山隧道的施工中，中铁五局（集团）有限公司在施工中开展了大量的试验研究，掌握了洞内温度场的分布和变化规律，解决了湿喷混凝土配制等工艺技术问题，通过施工中大量应用，取得了良好的效果，经总结形成本工法。湿喷混凝土支护技术是《高原多年冻土区隧道施工技术研究》成果的重要组成部分，该项成果2005年通过了贵州省科技成果鉴定，达到了国内领先水平，获得了贵州省2006年科技进步一等奖。2工法特点2.1采用湿喷混凝土支护，可以随着开挖及时进行，同时能快速封闭开挖暴露的冻土，做到“随开挖，随支护，早封闭，快衬砌”，起到保护冻土和支护围岩的作用。2.2采用湿喷混凝土支护，具有粉尘小、回弹少、一次喷层厚度大、混凝土质量容易控制、对操作人员健康影响小等优点，更适合于高原地区隧道施工。newmeasurestopromotework,thecouragetotakeresponsibility,daretobreakhardtoensuredistrict,Governmentdecisionsandarrangementstoimplement.(B)strengtheningsupervision,severelypunishactsofviolation.Oneistoopenthechannelsofsupervision.Vigorouslypromotethepartyaffairspublic,open,widelyacceptedsupervisionbythemasses,payattentiontosocialgroupsandpublicopinionsupervision,thepowerfulforceformedtourgepartymembersandleadingcadresproperlyexercisetheirpowers.Second,strongsupervisionandinspection.Democraticlifeintofullplay,importantbriefings,reportsrelatedtopersonalmattersandevaluationofcadres"studyofinner-partysupervisorysystem,acomprehensivegraspofguidelinesfortheimplementationoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption-relatedcasesofleadingcadresofpartymembers,focusonstrengtheningkeyareasofprojectselection,funding,officialsmonitor,detectandrectifytheproblem,promotehonestyinpolitics.Third,strengthendisciplinaryinvestigation.SeriouslytheimplementationofJI...　Recently,theCountyleadingbodiesatthecountyleveltocarryout"threetrees"practice,whichistoimprovethegoverningabilityandpromotingthedevelopmentofXXeffectivemeasure.Icarefullyfollowyourdeploymentrequirements,andactivelyparticipateinthe"threetrees"campaign.ReadGroup,preparedbytheDepartmentinthenearfutureoftheideologicalandpoliticalconstructionofleadingcadresinthecityreader,readtherelevantinformation,largerharvest,inspired.Ithinktheabilityofrepellingistostrengthentheparty"sgoverningcapacityinquestionsoftheconstructionofmeaning,animportanttopicremainsinfrontofpartymembersandcadresatalllevels,weneedtofurtherexploreandponder.Theabilityofrepellingthenamesuggests,isaskingpartymembersandcadresatalllevelsinparticular,leadingcadresatalllevels,notonlyourselves,establishacorrectconceptoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption,politicalintegrity,self-discipline,rejectionofcorruption,madeforthepeople,pragmatic,honestleadership,andstrengthenthesenseofresponsibility,earnestlyimplementtheresponsibilityofuncorrupted,implementationofthebaoliananti-corruptionmeasurestoensuretherealizationofbusiness-building,constructionofawin-winsituation.Next,Icombinedwiththeirthinking,experienceandcontactXXpractical,onhowtoenhancetheabilityofrepelling,onfouraspectsofcognition.　　Irregularities,pleasecomment.First,theconstructionofthepropulsionsystem,andenhancethesystemofcorruptionsincethefoundingofourparty,havebeenthinkingabouttacklingcorruption.Currently,democraticlegalsystem,managementsystemandsupervisionmechanismisnotperfect,administrativeactsarenotverystandardized,Enterprisebehaviorandmarketbehavior,corruptionpresentsadiverse,pluralistic,complextrends,thisshiftthestrugglebetweenthetwo,willaccompany7 yuan,anincreaseof17.5%;localgovernmentgeneralbudgetrevenueof500millionYuan,...Painting,modelculturecreatesnewMaChurchcommunity,creatingLakescenicspotcultureeducationbase,receivedhighevaluationfromprovincialandmunicipaldisciplineInspectionCommission,thepeople"sdailyspecialreport.ConstantlypromoteindependentCommissionagainstcorruptioncultureconstructiontoruralextends,createdestablishedDahlinruralindustryParkindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionculturepositions,formedhasasupport"servicelowdoubleexcellent"ofmembersleadteam,constantlyperfectandestablishedParkfundsassetsmanagement,andvillageauditsupervision,andvillagersdemocraticfinancial,system,strengtheningParkparty,andChief,andfinancial,fullpublic,powerfultoguaranteeshasnewruralconstruction,bycityruralstylecleangovernmentinspectionunitledofheightevaluation.　　Throughtheimplementationofhonestandcleangovernmentculturalconstruction,andeffectivelyeducatethebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresandconsciouslyregulatedbehavioranddiscipline,honestyinpoliticsandculturetocreateagoodatmosphereandfreshdevelopmentenvironment.AlthoughweinimplementimplementationindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionguidelinesaspectsmadehasmusteffectiveness,butawayfromsuperiorofrequirementsalsoexistsmustofdistance,mainperformancefor:aissystemenoughsound,education,andsupervision,andprevention,andpunishment,aspectslong-termmechanismalsoenoughperfect,especiallyinenrollmentbidworkregulatoryaspectsalsoneededstrengthening;IIisregulatorysupervisionexistslostofYuwide,andlostofYusoft,investigationillegaldisciplinarycaseofeffortsalsoneededstrengthening,individualsectorandcadresalsodifferentdegreeexiststreatgift,nottobenefitsnotdo,andmessdoofphenomenon;Threeforhonestworkisthenewsituationsandnewproblemsinfindingtimelyenough,treatmentmeasuresarenotstrongenough.　　Tosolvetheseproblems,wewillproceedfromthefollowingfiveaspectsofrectification,makesuretoimplementtheprovisionsofthecode.(A)deepeningthelearning,enhancetheconsciousnessofhonestyinpolitics.TocreateeventasanopportunitytoExcelandlearningparty,furtherincreasingthegovernancecapabilityandadvancedconstruction,reinforcedrulesofthebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresawareness,senseofresponsibility,senseofhonor,improveworkingabilityandlevelofscientificdevelopment.Shouldmakefulluseofmeetings,inparticularcentralgrouplearningopportunity,furtherstrengtheningthestudyandeducationofthecode,theintensivewarningeducation,educationthemajorityofpartymembersandcadresknownfear,knewfear,honestyinpoliticsoftensionthestrings,consciousnessandenhancingtheimplementationoftheinitiative.　　Also,payattentiontoapplywhattheyhavelearned,consciouslystudyresultsintoplanningwork,newideas,2.3采用湿喷混凝土支护，是通过封闭冻土，减少其与环境的热交换来保持冻土的冻结状态，不须采用大功率的空调风机，不须对冻土实施冷冻，能源消耗小。2.4湿喷混凝土施工工艺所需设备少，工艺成熟，操作简单，工艺流程易于掌握。3适用范围本工法适用于冻土地区钻爆法施工的隧道及地下工程，尤其适用于高原多年冻土地区采用新奥法原理设计、施工的隧道。部分工艺措施也可用于较寒冷地区隧道冬期施工。4工艺原理湿喷混凝土支护在一般地区隧道施工已是比较成熟的技术，在多年冻土区隧道施工中，主要是要根据洞内温度场的情况，选择合适的速凝剂、防冻剂、水泥及拌合温度，以及合适的配合比，调整喷射混凝土的凝胶时间和强度，达到早期强度满足临时支护要求且不被冻坏，水化反应过程的放热少，从而达到保护冻土并使混凝土喷层与冻土围岩共同受力的目的。为增加喷射混凝土与围岩的粘结强度，在喷射混凝土中应适当掺加增强纤维材料。newmeasurestopromotework,thecouragetotakeresponsibility,daretobreakhardtoensuredistrict,Governmentdecisionsandarrangementstoimplement.(B)strengtheningsupervision,severelypunishactsofviolation.Oneistoopenthechannelsofsupervision.Vigorouslypromotethepartyaffairspublic,open,widelyacceptedsupervisionbythemasses,payattentiontosocialgroupsandpublicopinionsupervision,thepowerfulforceformedtourgepartymembersandleadingcadresproperlyexercisetheirpowers.Second,strongsupervisionandinspection.Democraticlifeintofullplay,importantbriefings,reportsrelatedtopersonalmattersandevaluationofcadres"studyofinner-partysupervisorysystem,acomprehensivegraspofguidelinesfortheimplementationoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption-relatedcasesofleadingcadresofpartymembers,focusonstrengtheningkeyareasofprojectselection,funding,officialsmonitor,detectandrectifytheproblem,promotehonestyinpolitics.Third,strengthendisciplinaryinvestigation.SeriouslytheimplementationofJI...　Recently,theCountyleadingbodiesatthecountyleveltocarryout"threetrees"practice,whichistoimprovethegoverningabilityandpromotingthedevelopmentofXXeffectivemeasure.Icarefullyfollowyourdeploymentrequirements,andactivelyparticipateinthe"threetrees"campaign.ReadGroup,preparedbytheDepartmentinthenearfutureoftheideologicalandpoliticalconstructionofleadingcadresinthecityreader,readtherelevantinformation,largerharvest,inspired.Ithinktheabilityofrepellingistostrengthentheparty"sgoverningcapacityinquestionsoftheconstructionofmeaning,animportanttopicremainsinfrontofpartymembersandcadresatalllevels,weneedtofurtherexploreandponder.Theabilityofrepellingthenamesuggests,isaskingpartymembersandcadresatalllevelsinparticular,leadingcadresatalllevels,notonlyourselves,establishacorrectconceptoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption,politicalintegrity,self-discipline,rejectionofcorruption,madeforthepeople,pragmatic,honestleadership,andstrengthenthesenseofresponsibility,earnestlyimplementtheresponsibilityofuncorrupted,implementationofthebaoliananti-corruptionmeasurestoensuretherealizationofbusiness-building,constructionofawin-winsituation.Next,Icombinedwiththeirthinking,experienceandcontactXXpractical,onhowtoenhancetheabilityofrepelling,onfouraspectsofcognition.　　Irregularities,pleasecomment.First,theconstructionofthepropulsionsystem,andenhancethesystemofcorruptionsincethefoundingofourparty,havebeenthinkingabouttacklingcorruption.Currently,democraticlegalsystem,managementsystemandsupervisionmechanismisnotperfect,administrativeactsarenotverystandardized,Enterprisebehaviorandmarketbehavior,corruptionpresentsadiverse,pluralistic,complextrends,thisshiftthestrugglebetweenthetwo,willaccompany7yuan,anincreaseof17.5%;localgovernmentgeneralbudgetrevenueof500millionYuan,...Painting,modelculturecreatesnewMaChurchcommunity,creatingLakescenicspotcultureeducationbase,receivedhighevaluationfromprovincialandmunicipaldisciplineInspectionCommission,thepeople"sdailyspecialreport.ConstantlypromoteindependentCommissionagainstcorruptioncultureconstructiontoruralextends,createdestablishedDahlinruralindustryParkindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionculturepositions,formedhasasupport"servicelowdoubleexcellent"ofmembersleadteam,constantlyperfectandestablishedParkfundsassetsmanagement,andvillageauditsupervision,andvillagersdemocraticfinancial,system,strengtheningParkparty,andChief,andfinancial,fullpublic,powerfultoguaranteeshasnewruralconstruction,bycityruralstylecleangovernmentinspectionunitledofheightevaluation.　　Throughtheimplementationofhonestandcleangovernmentculturalconstruction,andeffectivelyeducatethebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresandconsciouslyregulatedbehavioranddiscipline,honestyinpoliticsandculturetocreateagoodatmosphereandfreshdevelopmentenvironment.AlthoughweinimplementimplementationindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionguidelinesaspectsmadehasmusteffectiveness,butawayfromsuperiorofrequirementsalsoexistsmustofdistance,mainperformancefor:aissystemenoughsound,education,andsupervision,andprevention,andpunishment,aspectslong-termmechanismalsoenoughperfect,especiallyinenrollmentbidworkregulatoryaspectsalsoneededstrengthening;IIisregulatorysupervisionexistslostofYuwide,andlostofYusoft,investigationillegaldisciplinarycaseofeffortsalsoneededstrengthening,individualsectorandcadresalsodifferentdegreeexiststreatgift,nottobenefitsnotdo,andmessdoofphenomenon;Threeforhonestworkisthenewsituationsandnewproblemsinfindingtimelyenough,treatmentmeasuresarenotstrongenough.　　Tosolvetheseproblems,wewillproceedfromthefollowingfiveaspectsofrectification,makesuretoimplementtheprovisionsofthecode.(A)deepeningthelearning,enhancetheconsciousnessofhonestyinpolitics.TocreateeventasanopportunitytoExcelandlearningparty,furtherincreasingthegovernancecapabilityandadvancedconstruction,reinforcedrulesofthebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresawareness,senseofresponsibility,senseofhonor,improveworkingabilityandlevelofscientificdevelopment.Shouldmakefulluseofmeetings,inparticularcentralgrouplearningopportunity,furtherstrengtheningthestudyandeducationofthecode,theintensivewarningeducation,educationthemajorityofpartymembersandcadresknownfear,knewfear,honestyinpoliticsoftensionthestrings,consciousnessandenhancingtheimplementationoftheinitiative.　　Also,payattentiontoapplywhattheyhavelearned,consciouslystudyresultsintoplanningwork,newideas,5施工工艺5.1施工工艺流程施工工艺流程如图5.1。5.2环境温度监测和控制。洞内气温一般都是正温，施工中应对掌子面附近气温不断进行监测，并通过通风来调节，使洞内气温保持在-5℃～15℃。5.3湿喷混凝土原材料质量要求5.3.1水泥：优先使用早强普通硅酸盐水泥，水泥强度等级不宜低于32.5。5.3.2砂：应采用级配良好、细度模数大于2.5坚硬洁净的中粗砂。5.3.3粗骨料：须采用经硫酸盐溶液浸泡循环试验5次重量损失不大于10%、粒径不大于15mm、其中针状颗粒含量不大于15%、含泥量不大于1%的碎石或卵石。5.3.4防冻剂：在负温条件下，能显著降低混凝土液相冰点，保证水泥的水化反应，并在一定时间内获得预期强度。一般使用含有减水、早强、引气和防冻四种组分的成品复合防冻剂，并要求与水泥、速凝剂相容性良好。newmeasurestopromotework,thecouragetotakeresponsibility,daretobreakhardtoensuredistrict,Governmentdecisionsandarrangementstoimplement.(B)strengtheningsupervision,severelypunishactsofviolation.Oneistoopenthechannelsofsupervision.Vigorouslypromotethepartyaffairspublic,open,widelyacceptedsupervisionbythemasses,payattentiontosocialgroupsandpublicopinionsupervision,thepowerfulforceformedtourgepartymembersandleadingcadresproperlyexercisetheirpowers.Second,strongsupervisionandinspection.Democraticlifeintofullplay,importantbriefings,reportsrelatedtopersonalmattersandevaluationofcadres"studyofinner-partysupervisorysystem,acomprehensivegraspofguidelinesfortheimplementationoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption-relatedcasesofleadingcadresofpartymembers,focusonstrengtheningkeyareasofprojectselection,funding,officialsmonitor,detectandrectifytheproblem,promotehonestyinpolitics.Third,strengthendisciplinaryinvestigation.SeriouslytheimplementationofJI...　Recently,theCountyleadingbodiesatthecountyleveltocarryout"threetrees"practice,whichistoimprovethegoverningabilityandpromotingthedevelopmentofXXeffectivemeasure.Icarefullyfollowyourdeploymentrequirements,andactivelyparticipateinthe"threetrees"campaign.ReadGroup,preparedbytheDepartmentinthenearfutureoftheideologicalandpoliticalconstructionofleadingcadresinthecityreader,readtherelevantinformation,largerharvest,inspired.Ithinktheabilityofrepellingistostrengthentheparty"sgoverningcapacityinquestionsoftheconstructionofmeaning,animportanttopicremainsinfrontofpartymembersandcadresatalllevels,weneedtofurtherexploreandponder.Theabilityofrepellingthenamesuggests,isaskingpartymembersandcadresatalllevelsinparticular,leadingcadresatalllevels,notonlyourselves,establishacorrectconceptoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption,politicalintegrity,self-discipline,rejectionofcorruption,madeforthepeople,pragmatic,honestleadership,andstrengthenthesenseofresponsibility,earnestlyimplementtheresponsibilityofuncorrupted,implementationofthebaoliananti-corruptionmeasurestoensuretherealizationofbusiness-building,constructionofawin-winsituation.Next,Icombinedwiththeirthinking,experienceandcontactXXpractical,onhowtoenhancetheabilityofrepelling,onfouraspectsofcognition.　　Irregularities,pleasecomment.First,theconstructionofthepropulsionsystem,andenhancethesystemofcorruptionsincethefoundingofourparty,havebeenthinkingabouttacklingcorruption.Currently,democraticlegalsystem,managementsystemandsupervisionmechanismisnotperfect,administrativeactsarenotverystandardized,Enterprisebehaviorandmarketbehavior,corruptionpresentsadiverse,pluralistic,complextrends,thisshiftthestrugglebetweenthetwo,willaccompany7 yuan,anincreaseof17.5%;localgovernmentgeneralbudgetrevenueof500millionYuan,...Painting,modelculturecreatesnewMaChurchcommunity,creatingLakescenicspotcultureeducationbase,receivedhighevaluationfromprovincialandmunicipaldisciplineInspectionCommission,thepeople"sdailyspecialreport.ConstantlypromoteindependentCommissionagainstcorruptioncultureconstructiontoruralextends,createdestablishedDahlinruralindustryParkindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionculturepositions,formedhasasupport"servicelowdoubleexcellent"ofmembersleadteam,constantlyperfectandestablishedParkfundsassetsmanagement,andvillageauditsupervision,andvillagersdemocraticfinancial,system,strengtheningParkparty,andChief,andfinancial,fullpublic,powerfultoguaranteeshasnewruralconstruction,bycityruralstylecleangovernmentinspectionunitledofheightevaluation.　　Throughtheimplementationofhonestandcleangovernmentculturalconstruction,andeffectivelyeducatethebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresandconsciouslyregulatedbehavioranddiscipline,honestyinpoliticsandculturetocreateagoodatmosphereandfreshdevelopmentenvironment.AlthoughweinimplementimplementationindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionguidelinesaspectsmadehasmusteffectiveness,butawayfromsuperiorofrequirementsalsoexistsmustofdistance,mainperformancefor:aissystemenoughsound,education,andsupervision,andprevention,andpunishment,aspectslong-termmechanismalsoenoughperfect,especiallyinenrollmentbidworkregulatoryaspectsalsoneededstrengthening;IIisregulatorysupervisionexistslostofYuwide,andlostofYusoft,investigationillegaldisciplinarycaseofeffortsalsoneededstrengthening,individualsectorandcadresalsodifferentdegreeexiststreatgift,nottobenefitsnotdo,andmessdoofphenomenon;Threeforhonestworkisthenewsituationsandnewproblemsinfindingtimelyenough,treatmentmeasuresarenotstrongenough.　　Tosolvetheseproblems,wewillproceedfromthefollowingfiveaspectsofrectification,makesuretoimplementtheprovisionsofthecode.(A)deepeningthelearning,enhancetheconsciousnessofhonestyinpolitics.TocreateeventasanopportunitytoExcelandlearningparty,furtherincreasingthegovernancecapabilityandadvancedconstruction,reinforcedrulesofthebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresawareness,senseofresponsibility,senseofhonor,improveworkingabilityandlevelofscientificdevelopment.Shouldmakefulluseofmeetings,inparticularcentralgrouplearningopportunity,furtherstrengtheningthestudyandeducationofthecode,theintensivewarningeducation,educationthemajorityofpartymembersandcadresknownfear,knewfear,honestyinpoliticsoftensionthestrings,consciousnessandenhancingtheimplementationoftheinitiative.　　Also,payattentiontoapplywhattheyhavelearned,consciouslystudyresultsintoplanningwork,newideas,5.3.5速凝剂：速凝剂的使用须解决低温下的效能问题，一般通过在使用前将速凝剂加热到40℃左右的办法解决。同时速凝剂的选用也必须和水泥、防冻剂相容匹配。合格合格不合格喷锚工作平台就位基岩表面处理、厚度控制标设置湿喷机开机准备搅拌机拌制水加热测定骨料含水率增强纤维粗骨料筛分细骨料筛分、加热坍落度检验是否合格增强纤维拌合是否均匀混合料运输测定湿喷混凝土温度测定喷射混凝土找平停机、清洗设备液体速凝剂、加热废弃不合格不合格合格图5.1湿喷混凝土工艺流程图速凝剂的选配应满足如下要求：newmeasurestopromotework,thecouragetotakeresponsibility,daretobreakhardtoensuredistrict,Governmentdecisionsandarrangementstoimplement.(B)strengtheningsupervision,severelypunishactsofviolation.Oneistoopenthechannelsofsupervision.Vigorouslypromotethepartyaffairspublic,open,widelyacceptedsupervisionbythemasses,payattentiontosocialgroupsandpublicopinionsupervision,thepowerfulforceformedtourgepartymembersandleadingcadresproperlyexercisetheirpowers.Second,strongsupervisionandinspection.Democraticlifeintofullplay,importantbriefings,reportsrelatedtopersonalmattersandevaluationofcadres"studyofinner-partysupervisorysystem,acomprehensivegraspofguidelinesfortheimplementationoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption-relatedcasesofleadingcadresofpartymembers,focusonstrengtheningkeyareasofprojectselection,funding,officialsmonitor,detectandrectifytheproblem,promotehonestyinpolitics.Third,strengthendisciplinaryinvestigation.SeriouslytheimplementationofJI...　Recently,theCountyleadingbodiesatthecountyleveltocarryout"threetrees"practice,whichistoimprovethegoverningabilityandpromotingthedevelopmentofXXeffectivemeasure.Icarefullyfollowyourdeploymentrequirements,andactivelyparticipateinthe"threetrees"campaign.ReadGroup,preparedbytheDepartmentinthenearfutureoftheideologicalandpoliticalconstructionofleadingcadresinthecityreader,readtherelevantinformation,largerharvest,inspired.Ithinktheabilityofrepellingistostrengthentheparty"sgoverningcapacityinquestionsoftheconstructionofmeaning,animportanttopicremainsinfrontofpartymembersandcadresatalllevels,weneedtofurtherexploreandponder.Theabilityofrepellingthenamesuggests,isaskingpartymembersandcadresatalllevelsinparticular,leadingcadresatalllevels,notonlyourselves,establishacorrectconceptoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption,politicalintegrity,self-discipline,rejectionofcorruption,madeforthepeople,pragmatic,honestleadership,andstrengthenthesenseofresponsibility,earnestlyimplementtheresponsibilityofuncorrupted,implementationofthebaoliananti-corruptionmeasurestoensuretherealizationofbusiness-building,constructionofawin-winsituation.Next,Icombinedwiththeirthinking,experienceandcontactXXpractical,onhowtoenhancetheabilityofrepelling,onfouraspectsofcognition.　　Irregularities,pleasecomment.First,theconstructionofthepropulsionsystem,andenhancethesystemofcorruptionsincethefoundingofourparty,havebeenthinkingabouttacklingcorruption.Currently,democraticlegalsystem,managementsystemandsupervisionmechanismisnotperfect,administrativeactsarenotverystandardized,Enterprisebehaviorandmarketbehavior,corruptionpresentsadiverse,pluralistic,complextrends,thisshiftthestrugglebetweenthetwo,willaccompany7 yuan,anincreaseof17.5%;localgovernmentgeneralbudgetrevenueof500millionYuan,...Painting,modelculturecreatesnewMaChurchcommunity,creatingLakescenicspotcultureeducationbase,receivedhighevaluationfromprovincialandmunicipaldisciplineInspectionCommission,thepeople"sdailyspecialreport.ConstantlypromoteindependentCommissionagainstcorruptioncultureconstructiontoruralextends,createdestablishedDahlinruralindustryParkindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionculturepositions,formedhasasupport"servicelowdoubleexcellent"ofmembersleadteam,constantlyperfectandestablishedParkfundsassetsmanagement,andvillageauditsupervision,andvillagersdemocraticfinancial,system,strengtheningParkparty,andChief,andfinancial,fullpublic,powerfultoguaranteeshasnewruralconstruction,bycityruralstylecleangovernmentinspectionunitledofheightevaluation.　　Throughtheimplementationofhonestandcleangovernmentculturalconstruction,andeffectivelyeducatethebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresandconsciouslyregulatedbehavioranddiscipline,honestyinpoliticsandculturetocreateagoodatmosphereandfreshdevelopmentenvironment.AlthoughweinimplementimplementationindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionguidelinesaspectsmadehasmusteffectiveness,butawayfromsuperiorofrequirementsalsoexistsmustofdistance,mainperformancefor:aissystemenoughsound,education,andsupervision,andprevention,andpunishment,aspectslong-termmechanismalsoenoughperfect,especiallyinenrollmentbidworkregulatoryaspectsalsoneededstrengthening;IIisregulatorysupervisionexistslostofYuwide,andlostofYusoft,investigationillegaldisciplinarycaseofeffortsalsoneededstrengthening,individualsectorandcadresalsodifferentdegreeexiststreatgift,nottobenefitsnotdo,andmessdoofphenomenon;Threeforhonestworkisthenewsituationsandnewproblemsinfindingtimelyenough,treatmentmeasuresarenotstrongenough.　　Tosolvetheseproblems,wewillproceedfromthefollowingfiveaspectsofrectification,makesuretoimplementtheprovisionsofthecode.(A)deepeningthelearning,enhancetheconsciousnessofhonestyinpolitics.TocreateeventasanopportunitytoExcelandlearningparty,furtherincreasingthegovernancecapabilityandadvancedconstruction,reinforcedrulesofthebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresawareness,senseofresponsibility,senseofhonor,improveworkingabilityandlevelofscientificdevelopment.Shouldmakefulluseofmeetings,inparticularcentralgrouplearningopportunity,furtherstrengtheningthestudyandeducationofthecode,theintensivewarningeducation,educationthemajorityofpartymembersandcadresknownfear,knewfear,honestyinpoliticsoftensionthestrings,consciousnessandenhancingtheimplementationoftheinitiative.　　Also,payattentiontoapplywhattheyhavelearned,consciouslystudyresultsintoplanningwork,newideas,（1）混凝土混合物喷射至岩石上后其初凝时间在3min以内、终凝时间在12min以内。（2）碱性小，粉尘小，且对人体腐蚀性小。（3）早期强度高，后期强度损失不超过30%，8h后的强度不小于0.3Mpa。（4）一次喷射厚度较大，回弹率小。（5）在低温下使用不失效。（6）混凝土硬化过程体积变化小。（7）对钢筋无锈蚀作用。5.3.6增强纤维：增强纤维的作用是增加喷射混凝土与冻土围岩的粘结强度，可选用聚丙烯纤维网，掺量为1.3～1.6kg/m3。5.4湿喷混凝土配合比配合比的设计主要是合理选择满足抗冻临界强度要求下的胶骨比、砂率、水灰比，并通过正交试验确定各种组分配比。配合比设计的原则与一般地区隧道喷射混凝土相同。5.4.1胶骨比冻土隧道中进行喷射混凝土施工，水泥用量过少难以达到抗冻临界强度的要求，胶骨比以水泥:骨料=1:3.4左右为宜，水泥用量在470~480kg/m3之间。5.4.2砂率由于水泥用量较大，故砂率不能太小，一般以60%为宜。5.4.3水灰比适宜的水灰比值为0.4~0.5。5.5湿喷混凝土施工5.5.1基岩面处理由于爆破、装碴等作业，围岩表面或初喷混凝土面上吸附大量的灰尘，影响混凝土与岩面的粘结力，故在湿喷前用高压风冲洗，方可进行喷射作业。5.5.2设置厚度检测标在基岩表面设置厚度检测标，按间距2m，呈梅花型布置。喷射厚度以保证喷射混凝土不滑移、不坠落为前提。既不能因喷射太厚而影响喷射混凝土的凝聚力和粘结力，又不能因喷层太薄而不能满足临时支护要求并增加回弹量newmeasurestopromotework,thecouragetotakeresponsibility,daretobreakhardtoensuredistrict,Governmentdecisionsandarrangementstoimplement.(B)strengtheningsupervision,severelypunishactsofviolation.Oneistoopenthechannelsofsupervision.Vigorouslypromotethepartyaffairspublic,open,widelyacceptedsupervisionbythemasses,payattentiontosocialgroupsandpublicopinionsupervision,thepowerfulforceformedtourgepartymembersandleadingcadresproperlyexercisetheirpowers.Second,strongsupervisionandinspection.Democraticlifeintofullplay,importantbriefings,reportsrelatedtopersonalmattersandevaluationofcadres"studyofinner-partysupervisorysystem,acomprehensivegraspofguidelinesfortheimplementationoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption-relatedcasesofleadingcadresofpartymembers,focusonstrengtheningkeyareasofprojectselection,funding,officialsmonitor,detectandrectifytheproblem,promotehonestyinpolitics.Third,strengthendisciplinaryinvestigation.SeriouslytheimplementationofJI...　Recently,theCountyleadingbodiesatthecountyleveltocarryout"threetrees"practice,whichistoimprovethegoverningabilityandpromotingthedevelopmentofXXeffectivemeasure.Icarefullyfollowyourdeploymentrequirements,andactivelyparticipateinthe"threetrees"campaign.ReadGroup,preparedbytheDepartmentinthenearfutureoftheideologicalandpoliticalconstructionofleadingcadresinthecityreader,readtherelevantinformation,largerharvest,inspired.Ithinktheabilityofrepellingistostrengthentheparty"sgoverningcapacityinquestionsoftheconstructionofmeaning,animportanttopicremainsinfrontofpartymembersandcadresatalllevels,weneedtofurtherexploreandponder.Theabilityofrepellingthenamesuggests,isaskingpartymembersandcadresatalllevelsinparticular,leadingcadresatalllevels,notonlyourselves,establishacorrectconceptoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption,politicalintegrity,self-discipline,rejectionofcorruption,madeforthepeople,pragmatic,honestleadership,andstrengthenthesenseofresponsibility,earnestlyimplementtheresponsibilityofuncorrupted,implementationofthebaoliananti-corruptionmeasurestoensuretherealizationofbusiness-building,constructionofawin-winsituation.Next,Icombinedwiththeirthinking,experienceandcontactXXpractical,onhowtoenhancetheabilityofrepelling,onfouraspectsofcognition.　　Irregularities,pleasecomment.First,theconstructionofthepropulsionsystem,andenhancethesystemofcorruptionsincethefoundingofourparty,havebeenthinkingabouttacklingcorruption.Currently,democraticlegalsystem,managementsystemandsupervisionmechanismisnotperfect,administrativeactsarenotverystandardized,Enterprisebehaviorandmarketbehavior,corruptionpresentsadiverse,pluralistic,complextrends,thisshiftthestrugglebetweenthetwo,willaccompany7 yuan,anincreaseof17.5%;localgovernmentgeneralbudgetrevenueof500millionYuan,...Painting,modelculturecreatesnewMaChurchcommunity,creatingLakescenicspotcultureeducationbase,receivedhighevaluationfromprovincialandmunicipaldisciplineInspectionCommission,thepeople"sdailyspecialreport.ConstantlypromoteindependentCommissionagainstcorruptioncultureconstructiontoruralextends,createdestablishedDahlinruralindustryParkindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionculturepositions,formedhasasupport"servicelowdoubleexcellent"ofmembersleadteam,constantlyperfectandestablishedParkfundsassetsmanagement,andvillageauditsupervision,andvillagersdemocraticfinancial,system,strengtheningParkparty,andChief,andfinancial,fullpublic,powerfultoguaranteeshasnewruralconstruction,bycityruralstylecleangovernmentinspectionunitledofheightevaluation.　　Throughtheimplementationofhonestandcleangovernmentculturalconstruction,andeffectivelyeducatethebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresandconsciouslyregulatedbehavioranddiscipline,honestyinpoliticsandculturetocreateagoodatmosphereandfreshdevelopmentenvironment.AlthoughweinimplementimplementationindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionguidelinesaspectsmadehasmusteffectiveness,butawayfromsuperiorofrequirementsalsoexistsmustofdistance,mainperformancefor:aissystemenoughsound,education,andsupervision,andprevention,andpunishment,aspectslong-termmechanismalsoenoughperfect,especiallyinenrollmentbidworkregulatoryaspectsalsoneededstrengthening;IIisregulatorysupervisionexistslostofYuwide,andlostofYusoft,investigationillegaldisciplinarycaseofeffortsalsoneededstrengthening,individualsectorandcadresalsodifferentdegreeexiststreatgift,nottobenefitsnotdo,andmessdoofphenomenon;Threeforhonestworkisthenewsituationsandnewproblemsinfindingtimelyenough,treatmentmeasuresarenotstrongenough.　　Tosolvetheseproblems,wewillproceedfromthefollowingfiveaspectsofrectification,makesuretoimplementtheprovisionsofthecode.(A)deepeningthelearning,enhancetheconsciousnessofhonestyinpolitics.TocreateeventasanopportunitytoExcelandlearningparty,furtherincreasingthegovernancecapabilityandadvancedconstruction,reinforcedrulesofthebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresawareness,senseofresponsibility,senseofhonor,improveworkingabilityandlevelofscientificdevelopment.Shouldmakefulluseofmeetings,inparticularcentralgrouplearningopportunity,furtherstrengtheningthestudyandeducationofthecode,theintensivewarningeducation,educationthemajorityofpartymembersandcadresknownfear,knewfear,honestyinpoliticsoftensionthestrings,consciousnessandenhancingtheimplementationoftheinitiative.　　Also,payattentiontoapplywhattheyhavelearned,consciouslystudyresultsintoplanningwork,newideas,。施工中一次喷射厚度以向下喷射时150mm，水平喷射时100mm为佳，而向上喷射时70mm已完全能满足临时支护要求。5.5.3喷射混凝土的拌制由于冻土隧道往往气候寒冷，即使是在暖季施工，洞内气温也较低，要保证喷射混凝土的质量，就必须保证混凝土到达喷射机后有一定的温度，但过高的温度又加速冻土融化，影响喷混凝土与围岩表面的粘结效果，产生冻土融坍。因此，喷射混凝土拌合物的温度必须严格控制，要求暖季施工出机温度控制在10℃左右，而寒季施工，出机温度应控制在13~17℃。（1）原材料温度控制暖季施工砂、石料不需加热，水温用锅炉加热到35℃即可，速凝剂加热到40℃，防冻剂和水泥储存在保温库房内，保证正温使用，确保拌合物到达喷射机时的温度在10℃左右。寒季施工，砂、石料采用地炉加热，加热温度控制在16~30℃范围内，水采用锅炉加热，加热温度控制在50~70℃范围内，速凝剂加热到45℃。（2）搅拌时间控制搅拌时间比一般地区应适当延长，一般控制在3min。（3）坍落度控制混凝土出机坍落度控制在160~170mm之间。5.5.4湿喷混凝土喷射作业喷射作业应分区段进行，逐步推进，先墙后拱，自下而上。喷射作业时要两人合抱喷嘴，保持系统风压在0.5Mpa左右，喷嘴处工作风压保持在0.3MPa以上，喷射时混凝土的温度以5~10℃为宜。喷射作业的工艺和质量检查要求与一般地区隧道湿喷混凝土施工相同。6主要材料及设备6.1主要材料包括喷射混凝土原材料如水泥、砂、石、速凝剂、防冻剂、增强纤维等和喷射作业消耗材料如水管、高压风软管和喷射机出料软管等。6.2喷射机械喷射机械的选择主要是能在高寒情况下，实现低温启动，效率不下降，速凝剂计量添加系统能自动加热。6.3其它主要施工机具及设备应包括拌和、运输等一系列机械设备，newmeasurestopromotework,thecouragetotakeresponsibility,daretobreakhardtoensuredistrict,Governmentdecisionsandarrangementstoimplement.(B)strengtheningsupervision,severelypunishactsofviolation.Oneistoopenthechannelsofsupervision.Vigorouslypromotethepartyaffairspublic,open,widelyacceptedsupervisionbythemasses,payattentiontosocialgroupsandpublicopinionsupervision,thepowerfulforceformedtourgepartymembersandleadingcadresproperlyexercisetheirpowers.Second,strongsupervisionandinspection.Democraticlifeintofullplay,importantbriefings,reportsrelatedtopersonalmattersandevaluationofcadres"studyofinner-partysupervisorysystem,acomprehensivegraspofguidelinesfortheimplementationoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption-relatedcasesofleadingcadresofpartymembers,focusonstrengtheningkeyareasofprojectselection,funding,officialsmonitor,detectandrectifytheproblem,promotehonestyinpolitics.Third,strengthendisciplinaryinvestigation.SeriouslytheimplementationofJI...　Recently,theCountyleadingbodiesatthecountyleveltocarryout"threetrees"practice,whichistoimprovethegoverningabilityandpromotingthedevelopmentofXXeffectivemeasure.Icarefullyfollowyourdeploymentrequirements,andactivelyparticipateinthe"threetrees"campaign.ReadGroup,preparedbytheDepartmentinthenearfutureoftheideologicalandpoliticalconstructionofleadingcadresinthecityreader,readtherelevantinformation,largerharvest,inspired.Ithinktheabilityofrepellingistostrengthentheparty"sgoverningcapacityinquestionsoftheconstructionofmeaning,animportanttopicremainsinfrontofpartymembersandcadresatalllevels,weneedtofurtherexploreandponder.Theabilityofrepellingthenamesuggests,isaskingpartymembersandcadresatalllevelsinparticular,leadingcadresatalllevels,notonlyourselves,establishacorrectconceptoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption,politicalintegrity,self-discipline,rejectionofcorruption,madeforthepeople,pragmatic,honestleadership,andstrengthenthesenseofresponsibility,earnestlyimplementtheresponsibilityofuncorrupted,implementationofthebaoliananti-corruptionmeasurestoensuretherealizationofbusiness-building,constructionofawin-winsituation.Next,Icombinedwiththeirthinking,experienceandcontactXXpractical,onhowtoenhancetheabilityofrepelling,onfouraspectsofcognition.　　Irregularities,pleasecomment.First,theconstructionofthepropulsionsystem,andenhancethesystemofcorruptionsincethefoundingofourparty,havebeenthinkingabouttacklingcorruption.Currently,democraticlegalsystem,managementsystemandsupervisionmechanismisnotperfect,administrativeactsarenotverystandardized,Enterprisebehaviorandmarketbehavior,corruptionpresentsadiverse,pluralistic,complextrends,thisshiftthestrugglebetweenthetwo,willaccompany7 yuan,anincreaseof17.5%;localgovernmentgeneralbudgetrevenueof500millionYuan,...Painting,modelculturecreatesnewMaChurchcommunity,creatingLakescenicspotcultureeducationbase,receivedhighevaluationfromprovincialandmunicipaldisciplineInspectionCommission,thepeople"sdailyspecialreport.ConstantlypromoteindependentCommissionagainstcorruptioncultureconstructiontoruralextends,createdestablishedDahlinruralindustryParkindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionculturepositions,formedhasasupport"servicelowdoubleexcellent"ofmembersleadteam,constantlyperfectandestablishedParkfundsassetsmanagement,andvillageauditsupervision,andvillagersdemocraticfinancial,system,strengtheningParkparty,andChief,andfinancial,fullpublic,powerfultoguaranteeshasnewruralconstruction,bycityruralstylecleangovernmentinspectionunitledofheightevaluation.　　Throughtheimplementationofhonestandcleangovernmentculturalconstruction,andeffectivelyeducatethebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresandconsciouslyregulatedbehavioranddiscipline,honestyinpoliticsandculturetocreateagoodatmosphereandfreshdevelopmentenvironment.AlthoughweinimplementimplementationindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionguidelinesaspectsmadehasmusteffectiveness,butawayfromsuperiorofrequirementsalsoexistsmustofdistance,mainperformancefor:aissystemenoughsound,education,andsupervision,andprevention,andpunishment,aspectslong-termmechanismalsoenoughperfect,especiallyinenrollmentbidworkregulatoryaspectsalsoneededstrengthening;IIisregulatorysupervisionexistslostofYuwide,andlostofYusoft,investigationillegaldisciplinarycaseofeffortsalsoneededstrengthening,individualsectorandcadresalsodifferentdegreeexiststreatgift,nottobenefitsnotdo,andmessdoofphenomenon;Threeforhonestworkisthenewsituationsandnewproblemsinfindingtimelyenough,treatmentmeasuresarenotstrongenough.　　Tosolvetheseproblems,wewillproceedfromthefollowingfiveaspectsofrectification,makesuretoimplementtheprovisionsofthecode.(A)deepeningthelearning,enhancetheconsciousnessofhonestyinpolitics.TocreateeventasanopportunitytoExcelandlearningparty,furtherincreasingthegovernancecapabilityandadvancedconstruction,reinforcedrulesofthebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresawareness,senseofresponsibility,senseofhonor,improveworkingabilityandlevelofscientificdevelopment.Shouldmakefulluseofmeetings,inparticularcentralgrouplearningopportunity,furtherstrengtheningthestudyandeducationofthecode,theintensivewarningeducation,educationthemajorityofpartymembersandcadresknownfear,knewfear,honestyinpoliticsoftensionthestrings,consciousnessandenhancingtheimplementationoftheinitiative.　　Also,payattentiontoapplywhattheyhavelearned,consciouslystudyresultsintoplanningwork,newideas,配置原则是要求各个环节的机械能相互配套使用。选用的主要设备见表6.3。表6.3主要机械设备表序号名称型号单位数量备注1砼湿喷机TK-961台12混凝土搅拌机JS350台13电动空压机L-22/8台14VOLVO混凝土运输车AH5364SJB台25喷射作业平台自制台17质量控制7.1冻土隧道湿喷混凝土施工需满足国标《锚杆喷射混凝土施工支护技术规范》（GB50086-2001）的要求。7.2配合比和拌合物的质量检查每一工作班设专人检查配合比，骨料配合比误差应控制在5%范围内，水、外加剂配合比误差应控制在±1%。检查拌合物的均匀性、坍落度和出机温度，严禁不合格的喷射混凝土拌合物运往喷射现场。7.3强度检查每一工作班做检查试件一组。每喷射20m制取喷射大板试件一组，同时钻取芯样试件一组，然后按《锚杆喷射混凝土施工支护技术规范》（GB50086-2001）进行检查、验收处理。7.4喷射厚度和回弹量控制（1）喷射厚度主要加强施工控制，一次喷射到预埋喷射厚度标识处。（2）回弹量主要通过加强喷射作业来控制，回弹量边墙控制在5~15%内，拱部控制在10~20%以内。8安全措施8.1冻土隧道一般气温较低，施工作业人员应穿戴保暖工作服，防冻伤。8.2喷射手至少两人，并须戴好防护面罩，防止喷射回弹伤害。8.3在作业平台上进行喷射时，应有专人瞭望和指挥，防止坠落。8.4newmeasurestopromotework,thecouragetotakeresponsibility,daretobreakhardtoensuredistrict,Governmentdecisionsandarrangementstoimplement.(B)strengtheningsupervision,severelypunishactsofviolation.Oneistoopenthechannelsofsupervision.Vigorouslypromotethepartyaffairspublic,open,widelyacceptedsupervisionbythemasses,payattentiontosocialgroupsandpublicopinionsupervision,thepowerfulforceformedtourgepartymembersandleadingcadresproperlyexercisetheirpowers.Second,strongsupervisionandinspection.Democraticlifeintofullplay,importantbriefings,reportsrelatedtopersonalmattersandevaluationofcadres"studyofinner-partysupervisorysystem,acomprehensivegraspofguidelinesfortheimplementationoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption-relatedcasesofleadingcadresofpartymembers,focusonstrengtheningkeyareasofprojectselection,funding,officialsmonitor,detectandrectifytheproblem,promotehonestyinpolitics.Third,strengthendisciplinaryinvestigation.SeriouslytheimplementationofJI...　Recently,theCountyleadingbodiesatthecountyleveltocarryout"threetrees"practice,whichistoimprovethegoverningabilityandpromotingthedevelopmentofXXeffectivemeasure.Icarefullyfollowyourdeploymentrequirements,andactivelyparticipateinthe"threetrees"campaign.ReadGroup,preparedbytheDepartmentinthenearfutureoftheideologicalandpoliticalconstructionofleadingcadresinthecityreader,readtherelevantinformation,largerharvest,inspired.Ithinktheabilityofrepellingistostrengthentheparty"sgoverningcapacityinquestionsoftheconstructionofmeaning,animportanttopicremainsinfrontofpartymembersandcadresatalllevels,weneedtofurtherexploreandponder.Theabilityofrepellingthenamesuggests,isaskingpartymembersandcadresatalllevelsinparticular,leadingcadresatalllevels,notonlyourselves,establishacorrectconceptoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption,politicalintegrity,self-discipline,rejectionofcorruption,madeforthepeople,pragmatic,honestleadership,andstrengthenthesenseofresponsibility,earnestlyimplementtheresponsibilityofuncorrupted,implementationofthebaoliananti-corruptionmeasurestoensuretherealizationofbusiness-building,constructionofawin-winsituation.Next,Icombinedwiththeirthinking,experienceandcontactXXpractical,onhowtoenhancetheabilityofrepelling,onfouraspectsofcognition.　　Irregularities,pleasecomment.First,theconstructionofthepropulsionsystem,andenhancethesystemofcorruptionsincethefoundingofourparty,havebeenthinkingabouttacklingcorruption.Currently,democraticlegalsystem,managementsystemandsupervisionmechanismisnotperfect,administrativeactsarenotverystandardized,Enterprisebehaviorandmarketbehavior,corruptionpresentsadiverse,pluralistic,complextrends,thisshiftthestrugglebetweenthetwo,willaccompany7 yuan,anincreaseof17.5%;localgovernmentgeneralbudgetrevenueof500millionYuan,...Painting,modelculturecreatesnewMaChurchcommunity,creatingLakescenicspotcultureeducationbase,receivedhighevaluationfromprovincialandmunicipaldisciplineInspectionCommission,thepeople"sdailyspecialreport.ConstantlypromoteindependentCommissionagainstcorruptioncultureconstructiontoruralextends,createdestablishedDahlinruralindustryParkindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionculturepositions,formedhasasupport"servicelowdoubleexcellent"ofmembersleadteam,constantlyperfectandestablishedParkfundsassetsmanagement,andvillageauditsupervision,andvillagersdemocraticfinancial,system,strengtheningParkparty,andChief,andfinancial,fullpublic,powerfultoguaranteeshasnewruralconstruction,bycityruralstylecleangovernmentinspectionunitledofheightevaluation.　　Throughtheimplementationofhonestandcleangovernmentculturalconstruction,andeffectivelyeducatethebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresandconsciouslyregulatedbehavioranddiscipline,honestyinpoliticsandculturetocreateagoodatmosphereandfreshdevelopmentenvironment.AlthoughweinimplementimplementationindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionguidelinesaspectsmadehasmusteffectiveness,butawayfromsuperiorofrequirementsalsoexistsmustofdistance,mainperformancefor:aissystemenoughsound,education,andsupervision,andprevention,andpunishment,aspectslong-termmechanismalsoenoughperfect,especiallyinenrollmentbidworkregulatoryaspectsalsoneededstrengthening;IIisregulatorysupervisionexistslostofYuwide,andlostofYusoft,investigationillegaldisciplinarycaseofeffortsalsoneededstrengthening,individualsectorandcadresalsodifferentdegreeexiststreatgift,nottobenefitsnotdo,andmessdoofphenomenon;Threeforhonestworkisthenewsituationsandnewproblemsinfindingtimelyenough,treatmentmeasuresarenotstrongenough.　　Tosolvetheseproblems,wewillproceedfromthefollowingfiveaspectsofrectification,makesuretoimplementtheprovisionsofthecode.(A)deepeningthelearning,enhancetheconsciousnessofhonestyinpolitics.TocreateeventasanopportunitytoExcelandlearningparty,furtherincreasingthegovernancecapabilityandadvancedconstruction,reinforcedrulesofthebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresawareness,senseofresponsibility,senseofhonor,improveworkingabilityandlevelofscientificdevelopment.Shouldmakefulluseofmeetings,inparticularcentralgrouplearningopportunity,furtherstrengtheningthestudyandeducationofthecode,theintensivewarningeducation,educationthemajorityofpartymembersandcadresknownfear,knewfear,honestyinpoliticsoftensionthestrings,consciousnessandenhancingtheimplementationoftheinitiative.　　Also,payattentiontoapplywhattheyhavelearned,consciouslystudyresultsintoplanningwork,newideas,施工作业人员须做好个人防护，以防止速凝剂、混凝土等对皮肤、眼睛等的伤害。8.5加强机器的检查和检修，确保机器正常运转；经常巡回检查高压风管、混凝土输送管路及其接头，严防爆管和接头断开摆动伤人。9环境保护措施9.1通过合理安排施工，寒季在白天气温较高时通风，暖季在夜间温度较低时通风，通过通风来调节洞内温度环境。9.2拌合机冲洗后的废水应通过沉淀，检测PH值合格后方可排放。9.3作业人员穿戴好防护用品，背负便捷式氧气瓶。9.4加强洞内通风除尘，保证空气畅通，改善施工环境。10效益分析采用湿喷混凝土作开挖的临时支护，开挖和衬砌作业可以拉开进行，可以实现开挖和衬砌的平行作业，从而提高施工进度，据昆仑山隧道的施工统计，在采用湿喷混凝土之前，单口月均开挖约20m，采用湿喷混凝土支护后，月均开挖达到40m多，工效提高一倍多。另外由于模筑混凝土支护无法随开挖及时进行，施工时极容易发生热融坍塌，威胁施工安全，采用湿喷混凝土支护，可以较好、及时的封闭围岩（必要时包括掌子面）并及时提供支护能力，保障施工安全。如果靠保持洞内负温条件来保持冻土围岩的稳定，不仅需要采用制冷风机进行通风，消耗大量的能源，而且负温环境对工人作业和二衬混凝土的质量保证都会带来严重的影响。11工程实例昆仑山隧道全长1686m，海拔4600m~4800m，是目前世界上高原多年冻土区第一长隧道。隧道地处青藏高原连续多年冻土区，洞身冻土原始温度为-2℃~-3℃，进口处有饱冰冻土，围岩主要为板岩夹片岩，并有薄冰夹层，多折皱，节理裂隙发育。原采用模筑衬砌作为初期支护，没有其他临时支护措施，因施工缓慢、安全难以保证，在先施工的进口端开挖100多米后，经试验成功全部采用湿喷混凝土作为临时支护。施工中喷射混凝土采用祁连山牌32.5R、42.5R普通硅酸盐水泥，三岔河砂场河砂，西大摊碎石场花岗岩碎石，施工配合比为：（1）C:S:G:A:C’=1:2.01:1.34:0.018:0.04，w/c=0.42newmeasurestopromotework,thecouragetotakeresponsibility,daretobreakhardtoensuredistrict,Governmentdecisionsandarrangementstoimplement.(B)strengtheningsupervision,severelypunishactsofviolation.Oneistoopenthechannelsofsupervision.Vigorouslypromotethepartyaffairspublic,open,widelyacceptedsupervisionbythemasses,payattentiontosocialgroupsandpublicopinionsupervision,thepowerfulforceformedtourgepartymembersandleadingcadresproperlyexercisetheirpowers.Second,strongsupervisionandinspection.Democraticlifeintofullplay,importantbriefings,reportsrelatedtopersonalmattersandevaluationofcadres"studyofinner-partysupervisorysystem,acomprehensivegraspofguidelinesfortheimplementationoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption-relatedcasesofleadingcadresofpartymembers,focusonstrengtheningkeyareasofprojectselection,funding,officialsmonitor,detectandrectifytheproblem,promotehonestyinpolitics.Third,strengthendisciplinaryinvestigation.SeriouslytheimplementationofJI...　Recently,theCountyleadingbodiesatthecountyleveltocarryout"threetrees"practice,whichistoimprovethegoverningabilityandpromotingthedevelopmentofXXeffectivemeasure.Icarefullyfollowyourdeploymentrequirements,andactivelyparticipateinthe"threetrees"campaign.ReadGroup,preparedbytheDepartmentinthenearfutureoftheideologicalandpoliticalconstructionofleadingcadresinthecityreader,readtherelevantinformation,largerharvest,inspired.Ithinktheabilityofrepellingistostrengthentheparty"sgoverningcapacityinquestionsoftheconstructionofmeaning,animportanttopicremainsinfrontofpartymembersandcadresatalllevels,weneedtofurtherexploreandponder.Theabilityofrepellingthenamesuggests,isaskingpartymembersandcadresatalllevelsinparticular,leadingcadresatalllevels,notonlyourselves,establishacorrectconceptoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption,politicalintegrity,self-discipline,rejectionofcorruption,madeforthepeople,pragmatic,honestleadership,andstrengthenthesenseofresponsibility,earnestlyimplementtheresponsibilityofuncorrupted,implementationofthebaoliananti-corruptionmeasurestoensuretherealizationofbusiness-building,constructionofawin-winsituation.Next,Icombinedwiththeirthinking,experienceandcontactXXpractical,onhowtoenhancetheabilityofrepelling,onfouraspectsofcognition.　　Irregularities,pleasecomment.First,theconstructionofthepropulsionsystem,andenhancethesystemofcorruptionsincethefoundingofourparty,havebeenthinkingabouttacklingcorruption.Currently,democraticlegalsystem,managementsystemandsupervisionmechanismisnotperfect,administrativeactsarenotverystandardized,Enterprisebehaviorandmarketbehavior,corruptionpresentsadiverse,pluralistic,complextrends,thisshiftthestrugglebetweenthetwo,willaccompany7 yuan,anincreaseof17.5%;localgovernmentgeneralbudgetrevenueof500millionYuan,...Painting,modelculturecreatesnewMaChurchcommunity,creatingLakescenicspotcultureeducationbase,receivedhighevaluationfromprovincialandmunicipaldisciplineInspectionCommission,thepeople"sdailyspecialreport.ConstantlypromoteindependentCommissionagainstcorruptioncultureconstructiontoruralextends,createdestablishedDahlinruralindustryParkindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionculturepositions,formedhasasupport"servicelowdoubleexcellent"ofmembersleadteam,constantlyperfectandestablishedParkfundsassetsmanagement,andvillageauditsupervision,andvillagersdemocraticfinancial,system,strengtheningParkparty,andChief,andfinancial,fullpublic,powerfultoguaranteeshasnewruralconstruction,bycityruralstylecleangovernmentinspectionunitledofheightevaluation.　　Throughtheimplementationofhonestandcleangovernmentculturalconstruction,andeffectivelyeducatethebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresandconsciouslyregulatedbehavioranddiscipline,honestyinpoliticsandculturetocreateagoodatmosphereandfreshdevelopmentenvironment.AlthoughweinimplementimplementationindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionguidelinesaspectsmadehasmusteffectiveness,butawayfromsuperiorofrequirementsalsoexistsmustofdistance,mainperformancefor:aissystemenoughsound,education,andsupervision,andprevention,andpunishment,aspectslong-termmechanismalsoenoughperfect,especiallyinenrollmentbidworkregulatoryaspectsalsoneededstrengthening;IIisregulatorysupervisionexistslostofYuwide,andlostofYusoft,investigationillegaldisciplinarycaseofeffortsalsoneededstrengthening,individualsectorandcadresalsodifferentdegreeexiststreatgift,nottobenefitsnotdo,andmessdoofphenomenon;Threeforhonestworkisthenewsituationsandnewproblemsinfindingtimelyenough,treatmentmeasuresarenotstrongenough.　　Tosolvetheseproblems,wewillproceedfromthefollowingfiveaspectsofrectification,makesuretoimplementtheprovisionsofthecode.(A)deepeningthelearning,enhancetheconsciousnessofhonestyinpolitics.TocreateeventasanopportunitytoExcelandlearningparty,furtherincreasingthegovernancecapabilityandadvancedconstruction,reinforcedrulesofthebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresawareness,senseofresponsibility,senseofhonor,improveworkingabilityandlevelofscientificdevelopment.Shouldmakefulluseofmeetings,inparticularcentralgrouplearningopportunity,furtherstrengtheningthestudyandeducationofthecode,theintensivewarningeducation,educationthemajorityofpartymembersandcadresknownfear,knewfear,honestyinpoliticsoftensionthestrings,consciousnessandenhancingtheimplementationoftheinitiative.　　Also,payattentiontoapplywhattheyhavelearned,consciouslystudyresultsintoplanningwork,newideas,（2）C:S:G:A:C’:聚丙烯纤维网=1:2.01:1.34:0.018:0.04:0.0032w/c=0.47湿喷混凝土支护施工工法在全隧全面应用，有效的保证了施工安全，加快了施工进度，是昆仑山隧道得以顺利建成的关键。newmeasurestopromotework,thecouragetotakeresponsibility,daretobreakhardtoensuredistrict,Governmentdecisionsandarrangementstoimplement.(B)strengtheningsupervision,severelypunishactsofviolation.Oneistoopenthechannelsofsupervision.Vigorouslypromotethepartyaffairspublic,open,widelyacceptedsupervisionbythemasses,payattentiontosocialgroupsandpublicopinionsupervision,thepowerfulforceformedtourgepartymembersandleadingcadresproperlyexercisetheirpowers.Second,strongsupervisionandinspection.Democraticlifeintofullplay,importantbriefings,reportsrelatedtopersonalmattersandevaluationofcadres"studyofinner-partysupervisorysystem,acomprehensivegraspofguidelinesfortheimplementationoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption-relatedcasesofleadingcadresofpartymembers,focusonstrengtheningkeyareasofprojectselection,funding,officialsmonitor,detectandrectifytheproblem,promotehonestyinpolitics.Third,strengthendisciplinaryinvestigation.SeriouslytheimplementationofJI...　Recently,theCountyleadingbodiesatthecountyleveltocarryout"threetrees"practice,whichistoimprovethegoverningabilityandpromotingthedevelopmentofXXeffectivemeasure.Icarefullyfollowyourdeploymentrequirements,andactivelyparticipateinthe"threetrees"campaign.ReadGroup,preparedbytheDepartmentinthenearfutureoftheideologicalandpoliticalconstructionofleadingcadresinthecityreader,readtherelevantinformation,largerharvest,inspired.Ithinktheabilityofrepellingistostrengthentheparty"sgoverningcapacityinquestionsoftheconstructionofmeaning,animportanttopicremainsinfrontofpartymembersandcadresatalllevels,weneedtofurtherexploreandponder.Theabilityofrepellingthenamesuggests,isaskingpartymembersandcadresatalllevelsinparticular,leadingcadresatalllevels,notonlyourselves,establishacorrectconceptoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption,politicalintegrity,self-discipline,rejectionofcorruption,madeforthepeople,pragmatic,honestleadership,andstrengthenthesenseofresponsibility,earnestlyimplementtheresponsibilityofuncorrupted,implementationofthebaoliananti-corruptionmeasurestoensuretherealizationofbusiness-building,constructionofawin-winsituation.Next,Icombinedwiththeirthinking,experienceandcontactXXpractical,onhowtoenhancetheabilityofrepelling,onfouraspectsofcognition.　　Irregularities,pleasecomment.First,theconstructionofthepropulsionsystem,andenhancethesystemofcorruptionsincethefoundingofourparty,havebeenthinkingabouttacklingcorruption.Currently,democraticlegalsystem,managementsystemandsupervisionmechanismisnotperfect,administrativeactsarenotverystandardized,Enterprisebehaviorandmarketbehavior,corruptionpresentsadiverse,pluralistic,complextrends,thisshiftthestrugglebetweenthetwo,willaccompany7'