屋面泡沫混凝土施工工法

'Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand屋面泡沫混凝土施工工法1特点泡沫混凝土具有轻质低弹，隔热保温，耐火减震，整体性及耐久性高，防水效果好等特点，其施工过程无需任何振捣，可降低劳动强度，而且造价低廉，环保经济。2适用范围本工法为无为蓝鼎中央城观湖园07地块1#~9#楼的上人平屋面找坡保温层的施工。其构造见下图toproducewhitesmoke,sotwice,cold.Coldsolutionmovesintothe50mLor100mLinthebottle,washednitrogenbottlewashsolutionintothevolumetricflask,cool,suchaswatertothescale,andmix.Sizing10mL1gasolutionofthespecimen,sulfate1mL.Getanddigestthesamplesthesameamountofnitricacidamixtureofperchloratewithsulfuricacid,bythesamemethodofreagentblank.12.1.2vegetable,fruit,weighing2500gor50.00gwashinahomogenatesamplesplacedina250mL~500mLnitrogenbottles,addingseedglassbeads,10mL~15mL,nitricacidamixtureofperchlorate,accordingto12.1.1"placeforamoment......"actionaccordingtolaw,butaconstantvolumeofsolutionaftereach10mL5Gsample,sulfate...12.1.4containingalcoholsexbeverageorcontainingcarbondioxidebeverage:draw10.00mLor20.00mLsample,placed250mL~500mLsetnitrogenbottleinthe,Addendgrainglassbeads,firstwithfireheatingremovedethanolorcarbondioxide,againadded5mL~1OmLnitricacid-perchloratemixedliquid,mixeduniformHou,followingby12.1.1since"placedmoments......"uplawoperation,butsetcapacityHouofsolutioneach10mLequivalentto2mLsample.12.1.5foodshighinsugarcontent:weighing5.00gor10.0gspecimensplacedinthe250mL~500mLnitrogenbottle,addalittlewatertowet,theaugendseedglassbeads,5mL~10mL,nitric-perchloricacidaftermixing,shakewell.Slowlyadd5mLor10mLsulfate,aftertreatingtheeasestopsfoaming,lowheat,slowlyheating(sugareasycharring),continuealongthewalladdednitric-perchloricacidmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis-5- Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand屋面防水隔热找坡构造示意图3工艺原理泡沫混凝土是用机械方法将泡沫水溶液加压制成均匀封闭的气泡组成的泡沫，然后将泡沫注入到由水泥、掺合料、水及各种外加剂等制成的浆料中，再经混合搅拌，浇筑成型，养护而成的轻质多孔材料。4工艺流程及操作要点4.1施工工艺流程工艺流程见图4.1。按设计要求，通过试验确定配合比在发泡瓶中加入发泡剂和水水及外加剂加入搅拌机搅拌水泥、掺合料加入搅拌机搅拌加压形成泡沫晶体基层清理混合搅拌形成泡沫混凝土标高控制，拉线找坡将泡沫混凝土铺在施工部位表面按要求刮平toproducewhitesmoke,sotwice,cold.Coldsolutionmovesintothe50mLor100mLinthebottle,washednitrogenbottlewashsolutionintothevolumetricflask,cool,suchaswatertothescale,andmix.Sizing10mL1gasolutionofthespecimen,sulfate1mL.Getanddigestthesamplesthesameamountofnitricacidamixtureofperchloratewithsulfuricacid,bythesamemethodofreagentblank.12.1.2vegetable,fruit,weighing2500gor50.00gwashinahomogenatesamplesplacedina250mL~500mLnitrogenbottles,addingseedglassbeads,10mL~15mL,nitricacidamixtureofperchlorate,accordingto12.1.1"placeforamoment......"actionaccordingtolaw,butaconstantvolumeofsolutionaftereach10mL5Gsample,sulfate...12.1.4containingalcoholsexbeverageorcontainingcarbondioxidebeverage:draw10.00mLor20.00mLsample,placed250mL~500mLsetnitrogenbottleinthe,Addendgrainglassbeads,firstwithfireheatingremovedethanolorcarbondioxide,againadded5mL~1OmLnitricacid-perchloratemixedliquid,mixeduniformHou,followingby12.1.1since"placedmoments......"uplawoperation,butsetcapacityHouofsolutioneach10mLequivalentto2mLsample.12.1.5foodshighinsugarcontent:weighing5.00gor10.0gspecimensplacedinthe250mL~500mLnitrogenbottle,addalittlewatertowet,theaugendseedglassbeads,5mL~10mL,nitric-perchloricacidaftermixing,shakewell.Slowlyadd5mLor10mLsulfate,aftertreatingtheeasestopsfoaming,lowheat,slowlyheating(sugareasycharring),continuealongthewalladdednitric-perchloricacidmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis-5- Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand验收图4.1工艺流程图4.2操作要点4.2.1根据设计要求，试配泡沫混凝土，确定其水泥、发泡剂、水及外加剂等的掺量。4.2.2清理基层上的尘土、杂物和积水。4.2.3按照泡沫混凝土层的设计厚度、设计坡度，用水泥砂浆贴点标高（贴灰饼），再拉线，冲筋。若设计无规定坡度值，坡度值宜为2%。4.2.4在发泡瓶内加入发泡剂及发泡剂量12～13倍的水充气加压3～6分钟，待空压机气压升压到0.6～0.8MPa后停机待用。4.2.5在搅拌机内加入水、水泥、掺合物及外加剂等的先后顺序加入搅拌机内搅拌2～3分钟形成稠状浓液，随后加入5.2.4中所述形成的泡沫，然后把泥浆和发泡济，输送到基砰上。4.2.6采用分段流水作业摊铺泡沫混凝土，虚铺厚度为实际厚度的1.2～1.3倍，然后用长3米的铝合金刮杠刮平即可。4.2.7泡沫混凝土施工完7天内尽量避免人员在其上面行走及禁止堆积物品，以免破坏其中的气泡结构，影响隔热效果。4.3劳动组织劳动组织应根据设备的组数以及划分的工作面、流水段来确定，以一组设备所需的施工人员配备为例，所需人员配备见下表。序号工种人数工作任务toproducewhitesmoke,sotwice,cold.Coldsolutionmovesintothe50mLor100mLinthebottle,washednitrogenbottlewashsolutionintothevolumetricflask,cool,suchaswatertothescale,andmix.Sizing10mL1gasolutionofthespecimen,sulfate1mL.Getanddigestthesamplesthesameamountofnitricacidamixtureofperchloratewithsulfuricacid,bythesamemethodofreagentblank.12.1.2vegetable,fruit,weighing2500gor50.00gwashinahomogenatesamplesplacedina250mL~500mLnitrogenbottles,addingseedglassbeads,10mL~15mL,nitricacidamixtureofperchlorate,accordingto12.1.1"placeforamoment......"actionaccordingtolaw,butaconstantvolumeofsolutionaftereach10mL5Gsample,sulfate...12.1.4containingalcoholsexbeverageorcontainingcarbondioxidebeverage:draw10.00mLor20.00mLsample,placed250mL~500mLsetnitrogenbottleinthe,Addendgrainglassbeads,firstwithfireheatingremovedethanolorcarbondioxide,againadded5mL~1OmLnitricacid-perchloratemixedliquid,mixeduniformHou,followingby12.1.1since"placedmoments......"uplawoperation,butsetcapacityHouofsolutioneach10mLequivalentto2mLsample.12.1.5foodshighinsugarcontent:weighing5.00gor10.0gspecimensplacedinthe250mL~500mLnitrogenbottle,addalittlewatertowet,theaugendseedglassbeads,5mL~10mL,nitric-perchloricacidaftermixing,shakewell.Slowlyadd5mLor10mLsulfate,aftertreatingtheeasestopsfoaming,lowheat,slowlyheating(sugareasycharring),continuealongthewalladdednitric-perchloricacidmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis-5- Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand1普工3将施工材料加入搅拌机及发泡瓶，运输成品泡沫混凝土2机械操作工2操作发泡瓶及搅拌机，3泥水技工2将泡沫混凝土摊铺、抹平、收光4指挥人员（工长）1组织指挥、调度、工序安排5杂工1现场清理5材料及设备5.1材料5.1.1水泥：P.O.32.5#复合硅酸盐水泥。5.1.2掺合物：细煤灰。5.1.3发泡剂：主要原料采用无污染的动物蛋白质油和植物油，无论是对生产者还是使用者及环境都不会产生任何负作用。其特点是发泡速度快，能使泡沫均匀，液膜坚韧，稳定性好，泌水率低，持续时间长,且对胶凝材料无任何影响。5.2设备所需机具设备有：发泡瓶、砂浆搅拌机、FG50风冷系列空气压缩机（含压力表）、水准仪、卷尺、铁锹、坍落度筒、铝合金刮杠、木抹子、切割机等。FG50风冷系列空气压缩机技术参数见表6.2。表5.2FG50风冷系列空气压缩机技术参数FG50排气量(m3/min)排气压力(Mpa)功率(Kw)缸径(mm)×缸数储气筒容积(L)0.480.74.080×3130toproducewhitesmoke,sotwice,cold.Coldsolutionmovesintothe50mLor100mLinthebottle,washednitrogenbottlewashsolutionintothevolumetricflask,cool,suchaswatertothescale,andmix.Sizing10mL1gasolutionofthespecimen,sulfate1mL.Getanddigestthesamplesthesameamountofnitricacidamixtureofperchloratewithsulfuricacid,bythesamemethodofreagentblank.12.1.2vegetable,fruit,weighing2500gor50.00gwashinahomogenatesamplesplacedina250mL~500mLnitrogenbottles,addingseedglassbeads,10mL~15mL,nitricacidamixtureofperchlorate,accordingto12.1.1"placeforamoment......"actionaccordingtolaw,butaconstantvolumeofsolutionaftereach10mL5Gsample,sulfate...12.1.4containingalcoholsexbeverageorcontainingcarbondioxidebeverage:draw10.00mLor20.00mLsample,placed250mL~500mLsetnitrogenbottleinthe,Addendgrainglassbeads,firstwithfireheatingremovedethanolorcarbondioxide,againadded5mL~1OmLnitricacid-perchloratemixedliquid,mixeduniformHou,followingby12.1.1since"placedmoments......"uplawoperation,butsetcapacityHouofsolutioneach10mLequivalentto2mLsample.12.1.5foodshighinsugarcontent:weighing5.00gor10.0gspecimensplacedinthe250mL~500mLnitrogenbottle,addalittlewatertowet,theaugendseedglassbeads,5mL~10mL,nitric-perchloricacidaftermixing,shakewell.Slowlyadd5mLor10mLsulfate,aftertreatingtheeasestopsfoaming,lowheat,slowlyheating(sugareasycharring),continuealongthewalladdednitric-perchloricacidmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis-5- Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand6质量控制7.0.1泡沫混凝土的配合比应根据设计标准强度、施工条件以及环境温度由试验来决定。各种原材料应符合其质量要求并应严格控制计量。(常用的配合比见表7.1)表6.1泡沫混凝土常用配合比(kg/m3)（不上人屋面）水泥(32.5#)细煤灰发泡剂(专利)水2003003适量(以坍落度来控制掺量)（上人屋面）水泥(32.5#)细煤灰发泡剂(专利)水2503503适量(以坍落度来控制掺量)6.0.2泡沫混凝土的干燥容重为500～1000kg/m3，导热系数≤0.22w/m.k。其容重、干燥收缩值、抗压强度按《混凝土小型空心砌块试验方法》（GB/T4111-1997）、吸水率按《加气混凝土体积密度、含水率和吸水率试验方法》（GB/T11970-1997）、导热系数按《绝热材料稳态热阻及有关特性的测定防护热法》（GB/T10294-88）的有关条款执行。6.0.3屋面泡沫混凝土的施工及质量验收应满足《屋面工程技术规范》（GB50345-2004）,《屋面工程质量验收规范》（GB50207-2002）及《建筑节能工程施工质量验收规范》（GB50411-2007）的相关规定。6.0.4整体现浇屋面泡沫混凝土的厚度不应小于60mm，分格缝留置的面积不应大于4m×4m，分格缝应用柔性防水材料填嵌；其坡度必须准确，符合设计要求，不能倒泛水。toproducewhitesmoke,sotwice,cold.Coldsolutionmovesintothe50mLor100mLinthebottle,washednitrogenbottlewashsolutionintothevolumetricflask,cool,suchaswatertothescale,andmix.Sizing10mL1gasolutionofthespecimen,sulfate1mL.Getanddigestthesamplesthesameamountofnitricacidamixtureofperchloratewithsulfuricacid,bythesamemethodofreagentblank.12.1.2vegetable,fruit,weighing2500gor50.00gwashinahomogenatesamplesplacedina250mL~500mLnitrogenbottles,addingseedglassbeads,10mL~15mL,nitricacidamixtureofperchlorate,accordingto12.1.1"placeforamoment......"actionaccordingtolaw,butaconstantvolumeofsolutionaftereach10mL5Gsample,sulfate...12.1.4containingalcoholsexbeverageorcontainingcarbondioxidebeverage:draw10.00mLor20.00mLsample,placed250mL~500mLsetnitrogenbottleinthe,Addendgrainglassbeads,firstwithfireheatingremovedethanolorcarbondioxide,againadded5mL~1OmLnitricacid-perchloratemixedliquid,mixeduniformHou,followingby12.1.1since"placedmoments......"uplawoperation,butsetcapacityHouofsolutioneach10mLequivalentto2mLsample.12.1.5foodshighinsugarcontent:weighing5.00gor10.0gspecimensplacedinthe250mL~500mLnitrogenbottle,addalittlewatertowet,theaugendseedglassbeads,5mL~10mL,nitric-perchloricacidaftermixing,shakewell.Slowlyadd5mLor10mLsulfate,aftertreatingtheeasestopsfoaming,lowheat,slowlyheating(sugareasycharring),continuealongthewalladdednitric-perchloricacidmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis-5- Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand6.0.5大面积泡沫混凝土表面应平整，用2m靠尺检查，空隙不应大于5mm，并不得有疏松、起砂、起皮等现象。6.0.6雨雪天或五级风以上的天气不得施工，施工的环境温度宜在5℃～40℃之间。7、安全措施采用本工法施工时，除应执行有关安全施工的规定外，尚应遵守注意下列事项：7.0.1施工作业人员必须了解和掌握本工艺的技术操作要领，特殊工种（机械操作工等）应持证上岗。7.0.2泡沫混凝土制作前，应对空气压缩机、发泡瓶、搅拌机等进行检查，且在试运转正常后方可开机工作。7.0.3在施工中，要随时注意压力表的数值，严禁压力超标。并严格按操作规程及顺序操作空气压缩机和发泡瓶，防止空气压缩机气流管反弹伤人。8环保要求8.0.1在添加材料时，施工人员必须带口罩等防护用品。8.0.2要减少空气压缩机、搅拌机的噪声及震动或采取相应的隔离措施。施工时应避开居民的休息时间。8.0.3泡沫混凝土为现场制作，所有材料应统一保管，剩余材料不能随意丢弃，尤其是各种外加剂及发泡剂等在工序完成后要及时收起，并妥善保管。toproducewhitesmoke,sotwice,cold.Coldsolutionmovesintothe50mLor100mLinthebottle,washednitrogenbottlewashsolutionintothevolumetricflask,cool,suchaswatertothescale,andmix.Sizing10mL1gasolutionofthespecimen,sulfate1mL.Getanddigestthesamplesthesameamountofnitricacidamixtureofperchloratewithsulfuricacid,bythesamemethodofreagentblank.12.1.2vegetable,fruit,weighing2500gor50.00gwashinahomogenatesamplesplacedina250mL~500mLnitrogenbottles,addingseedglassbeads,10mL~15mL,nitricacidamixtureofperchlorate,accordingto12.1.1"placeforamoment......"actionaccordingtolaw,butaconstantvolumeofsolutionaftereach10mL5Gsample,sulfate...12.1.4containingalcoholsexbeverageorcontainingcarbondioxidebeverage:draw10.00mLor20.00mLsample,placed250mL~500mLsetnitrogenbottleinthe,Addendgrainglassbeads,firstwithfireheatingremovedethanolorcarbondioxide,againadded5mL~1OmLnitricacid-perchloratemixedliquid,mixeduniformHou,followingby12.1.1since"placedmoments......"uplawoperation,butsetcapacityHouofsolutioneach10mLequivalentto2mLsample.12.1.5foodshighinsugarcontent:weighing5.00gor10.0gspecimensplacedinthe250mL~500mLnitrogenbottle,addalittlewatertowet,theaugendseedglassbeads,5mL~10mL,nitric-perchloricacidaftermixing,shakewell.Slowlyadd5mLor10mLsulfate,aftertreatingtheeasestopsfoaming,lowheat,slowlyheating(sugareasycharring),continuealongthewalladdednitric-perchloricacidmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis-5-'