安装工程施工图预算入门讲义

'yuan,anincreaseof17.5%;localgovernmentgeneralbudgetrevenueof500millionYuan,...Painting,modelculturecreatesnewMaChurchcommunity,creatingLakescenicspotcultureeducationbase,receivedhighevaluationfromprovincialandmunicipaldisciplineInspectionCommission,thepeople"sdailyspecialreport.ConstantlypromoteindependentCommissionagainstcorruptioncultureconstructiontoruralextends,createdestablishedDahlinruralindustryParkindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionculturepositions,formedhasasupport"servicelowdoubleexcellent"ofmembersleadteam,constantlyperfectandestablishedParkfundsassetsmanagement,andvillageauditsupervision,andvillagersdemocraticfinancial,system,strengtheningParkparty,andChief,andfinancial,fullpublic,powerfultoguaranteeshasnewruralconstruction,bycityruralstylecleangovernmentinspectionunitledofheightevaluation.　　Throughtheimplementationofhonestandcleangovernmentculturalconstruction,andeffectivelyeducatethebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresandconsciouslyregulatedbehavioranddiscipline,honestyinpoliticsandculturetocreateagoodatmosphereandfreshdevelopmentenvironment.AlthoughweinimplementimplementationindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionguidelinesaspectsmadehasmusteffectiveness,butawayfromsuperiorofrequirementsalsoexistsmustofdistance,mainperformancefor:aissystemenoughsound,education,andsupervision,andprevention,andpunishment,aspectslong-termmechanismalsoenoughperfect,especiallyinenrollmentbidworkregulatoryaspectsalsoneededstrengthening;IIisregulatorysupervisionexistslostofYuwide,andlostofYusoft,investigationillegaldisciplinarycaseofeffortsalsoneededstrengthening,individualsectorandcadresalsodifferentdegreeexiststreatgift,nottobenefitsnotdo,andmessdoofphenomenon;Threeforhonestworkisthenewsituationsandnewproblemsinfindingtimelyenough,treatmentmeasuresarenotstrongenough.　　Tosolvetheseproblems,wewillproceedfromthefollowingfiveaspectsofrectification,makesuretoimplementtheprovisionsofthecode.(A)deepeningthelearning,enhancetheconsciousnessofhonestyinpolitics.TocreateeventasanopportunitytoExcelandlearningparty,furtherincreasingthegovernancecapabilityandadvancedconstruction,reinforcedrulesofthebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresawareness,senseofresponsibility,senseofhonor,improveworkingabilityandlevelofscientificdevelopment.Shouldmakefulluseofmeetings,inparticularcentralgrouplearningopportunity,furtherstrengtheningthestudyandeducationofthecode,theintensivewarningeducation,educationthemajorityofpartymembersandcadresknownfear,knewfear,honestyinpoliticsoftensionthestrings,consciousnessandenhancingtheimplementationoftheinitiative.　　Also,payattentiontoapplywhattheyhavelearned,consciouslystudyresultsintoplanningwork,newideas,安装工程施工图预算第一讲施工图预算的概念这一讲，主要讲述施工图预算的概念和作用；讲述安装工程施工图预算的编制依据与编制程序。通过这一讲的学习，要求掌握施工图预算编制的程序及有关要求，为各专业安装工程施工图预算的编制打下良好基础。一、施工图预算的概念施工图预算是指建设工程开工前，根据施工图纸、预算定额、现场条件及有关规定，所编制的一种确定工程建设施工阶段造价的技术经济文件。它是以单位工程为编制对象，以分项工程划分项目，按相应的专业预算定额及其项目为计价单位所编制的综合性预算。二、施工图预算作用1．施工图预算最主要的作用就是为建筑安装产品定价施工图预算所确定的安装工程造价，是建筑安装产品的计划价格。由于建筑安装产品生产的技术经济特点，以及现阶段建筑市场机制和价值规律的客观要求，仍然要按施工图预算这一特殊的计价程序来计算和确定建筑安装产品的计划价格。按此方法确定的工程造价，能为编制基本建设计划，考核基本建设投资效益提供可靠的依据。2．施工图预算是建设单位和建筑安装企业经济核算的基础施工图预算是建筑安装企业确定工程收入的依据，是核算工程预算成本的根据。对于建设单位，是进行经济核算和编制计划、决策的主要依据。3．施工图预算是编制工程进度计划和统计工作的基础，是设备、材料加工订货的依据在工程建设计划编制中，确定工程项目和工程量的主要依据是施工图预算中的有关指标。安装施工中需要加工订货的材料、设备数量，应以预算的实物量指标作为控制的依据，防止盲目采购或加工，从而突破预算货币指标。4．施工图预算是编制工程招标标底和工程投标报价的基础工程建设实行招投标承包时，工程招标标底要以施工图预算所确定的工程造价为基础进行编制。同样，投标单位投标报价也要以施工图预算为基础，进而考虑本企业的实际水平，充分利用自身的优势和相应的投标报价策略而确定。三、安装工程施工图预算的编制依据由于建筑安装产品本身的特殊性和复杂性，使得安装工程施工图预算编制过程变得很复杂。要编制一份完整的安装工程预算，要有足够的依据并考虑诸多因素才能完成。为了加强建筑安装工程造价管理，国家对预算的编制依据作了一系列统一规定，主要依据有：1．完整的施工图设计文件包括图纸目录、说明、材料设备表、平面图、系统图、剖面图、大样图，以及图纸会审文件和设计变更通知等。施工图设计文件是编制工程预算，确定分项名称和工程数量的技术依据。2．施工组织设计或施工方案施工组织设计或施工方案是确定单位工程的施工方法、施工进度计划、施工现场平面、工种工序穿插配合以及主要技术措施等内容的文件。它与计算工程量、选用定额、计算有关费用等都有重要关系。3．计算直接费、间接费和工程其他费用的标准及依据现行的有关预算定额、单位估价表、造价计价的有关规定，是划分工程项目、计算工程量、套用定额单价，计算工程费用的标准及依据。4．现行的安装工程材料、设备预算价格材料、设备预算价格是定额单位估价表的计价基础。在安装工程预算定额、单位估价表中，一般为了适应较大的适用范围，一些主要材料和设备价值没有列入基价，编制预算时，需要根据工程实用的品种规格，依据预算价格资料计入造价之中。另外，若编制某些项目的补充定额时，也需要运用预算价格。5．现行的费用计算规定和与造价有关的其他规定费用计算规定是计取施工措施费、专项费用、利润、税金等各项费用的基本依据。为newmeasurestopromotework,thecouragetotakeresponsibility,daretobreakhardtoensuredistrict,Governmentdecisionsandarrangementstoimplement.(B)strengtheningsupervision,severelypunishactsofviolation.Oneistoopenthechannelsofsupervision.Vigorouslypromotethepartyaffairspublic,open,widelyacceptedsupervisionbythemasses,payattentiontosocialgroupsandpublicopinionsupervision,thepowerfulforceformedtourgepartymembersandleadingcadresproperlyexercisetheirpowers.Second,strongsupervisionandinspection.Democraticlifeintofullplay,importantbriefings,reportsrelatedtopersonalmattersandevaluationofcadres"studyofinner-partysupervisorysystem,acomprehensivegraspofguidelinesfortheimplementationoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption-relatedcasesofleadingcadresofpartymembers,focusonstrengtheningkeyareasofprojectselection,funding,officialsmonitor,detectandrectifytheproblem,promotehonestyinpolitics.Third,strengthendisciplinaryinvestigation.SeriouslytheimplementationofJI...　Recently,theCountyleadingbodiesatthecountyleveltocarryout"threetrees"practice,whichistoimprovethegoverningabilityandpromotingthedevelopmentofXXeffectivemeasure.Icarefullyfollowyourdeploymentrequirements,andactivelyparticipateinthe"threetrees"campaign.ReadGroup,preparedbytheDepartmentinthenearfutureoftheideologicalandpoliticalconstructionofleadingcadresinthecityreader,readtherelevantinformation,largerharvest,inspired.Ithinktheabilityofrepellingistostrengthentheparty"sgoverningcapacityinquestionsoftheconstructionofmeaning,animportanttopicremainsinfrontofpartymembersandcadresatalllevels,weneedtofurtherexploreandponder.Theabilityofrepellingthenamesuggests,isaskingpartymembersandcadresatalllevelsinparticular,leadingcadresatalllevels,notonlyourselves,establishacorrectconceptoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption,politicalintegrity,self-discipline,rejectionofcorruption,madeforthepeople,pragmatic,honestleadership,andstrengthenthesenseofresponsibility,earnestlyimplementtheresponsibilityofuncorrupted,implementationofthebaoliananti-corruptionmeasurestoensuretherealizationofbusiness-building,constructionofawin-winsituation.Next,Icombinedwiththeirthinking,experienceandcontactXXpractical,onhowtoenhancetheabilityofrepelling,onfouraspectsofcognition.　　Irregularities,pleasecomment.First,theconstructionofthepropulsionsystem,andenhancethesystemofcorruptionsincethefoundingofourparty,havebeenthinkingabouttacklingcorruption.Currently,democraticlegalsystem,managementsystemandsupervisionmechanismisnotperfect,administrativeactsarenotverystandardized,Enterprisebehaviorandmarketbehavior,corruptionpresentsadiverse,pluralistic,complextrends,thisshiftthestrugglebetweenthetwo,willaccompany11 yuan,anincreaseof17.5%;localgovernmentgeneralbudgetrevenueof500millionYuan,...Painting,modelculturecreatesnewMaChurchcommunity,creatingLakescenicspotcultureeducationbase,receivedhighevaluationfromprovincialandmunicipaldisciplineInspectionCommission,thepeople"sdailyspecialreport.ConstantlypromoteindependentCommissionagainstcorruptioncultureconstructiontoruralextends,createdestablishedDahlinruralindustryParkindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionculturepositions,formedhasasupport"servicelowdoubleexcellent"ofmembersleadteam,constantlyperfectandestablishedParkfundsassetsmanagement,andvillageauditsupervision,andvillagersdemocraticfinancial,system,strengtheningParkparty,andChief,andfinancial,fullpublic,powerfultoguaranteeshasnewruralconstruction,bycityruralstylecleangovernmentinspectionunitledofheightevaluation.　　Throughtheimplementationofhonestandcleangovernmentculturalconstruction,andeffectivelyeducatethebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresandconsciouslyregulatedbehavioranddiscipline,honestyinpoliticsandculturetocreateagoodatmosphereandfreshdevelopmentenvironment.AlthoughweinimplementimplementationindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionguidelinesaspectsmadehasmusteffectiveness,butawayfromsuperiorofrequirementsalsoexistsmustofdistance,mainperformancefor:aissystemenoughsound,education,andsupervision,andprevention,andpunishment,aspectslong-termmechanismalsoenoughperfect,especiallyinenrollmentbidworkregulatoryaspectsalsoneededstrengthening;IIisregulatorysupervisionexistslostofYuwide,andlostofYusoft,investigationillegaldisciplinarycaseofeffortsalsoneededstrengthening,individualsectorandcadresalsodifferentdegreeexiststreatgift,nottobenefitsnotdo,andmessdoofphenomenon;Threeforhonestworkisthenewsituationsandnewproblemsinfindingtimelyenough,treatmentmeasuresarenotstrongenough.　　Tosolvetheseproblems,wewillproceedfromthefollowingfiveaspectsofrectification,makesuretoimplementtheprovisionsofthecode.(A)deepeningthelearning,enhancetheconsciousnessofhonestyinpolitics.TocreateeventasanopportunitytoExcelandlearningparty,furtherincreasingthegovernancecapabilityandadvancedconstruction,reinforcedrulesofthebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresawareness,senseofresponsibility,senseofhonor,improveworkingabilityandlevelofscientificdevelopment.Shouldmakefulluseofmeetings,inparticularcentralgrouplearningopportunity,furtherstrengtheningthestudyandeducationofthecode,theintensivewarningeducation,educationthemajorityofpartymembersandcadresknownfear,knewfear,honestyinpoliticsoftensionthestrings,consciousnessandenhancingtheimplementationoftheinitiative.　　Also,payattentiontoapplywhattheyhavelearned,consciouslystudyresultsintoplanningwork,newideas,适应一定时期内的变化形势，除定额及各项费用计算规定外，工程造价管理部门会根据变化的市场形势和政策，随时颁发一些与工程造价计算有关的文件和规定，这些也都是编制工程预算，确定工程造价的重要依据。6．有关工具书及手册设计所要求的某些设备、材料或器具，在编制预算时往往要查取一些必要的数据。如重量、断面、面积、外形尺寸等，有些必须要查阅有关的手册或工具书才能确定。7．合同或协议合同或协议中对工程造价的计算和结算方式，甲乙双方的责任和义务及针对具体工程的特殊要求等，都作出了具体的规定。这些在编制工程预算、确定特殊费用时，都是遵循的依据。四、安装工程施工图预算的编制程序安装工程施工图预算的编制，是一项复杂而又细致的工作，并具有较强的政策性、科学性、经济性，需要一定的编制程序和一套科学的方法。由于条件、工作习惯、编制者水平等的不同，在编制中有的环节和手法会因人而异，但基本的程序和方法应是一致的。其基本程序和方法如下：1、做好编制前的准备首先要熟悉图纸，参加施工图的技术交底和图纸会审，详尽地了解施工图纸和有关设计文件；熟悉施工组织设计(方案)，了解施工方法、工序和操作工艺及现场的施工条件等；收集和选定有关材料、设备价格，确定相应定额、估价表及与编制预算有关的文件及规定等。2、划分预算分部分项子目预算编制之前，为避免重复或遗漏，首先要按图纸并结合专业进行单位工程划分和分工。一般安装工程可直接根据不同单位工程的设计图纸划分；对大型安装工程，专业多、图纸多、参编人员多，需要由专业预算人员根据图纸和预算定额或单位估价表，列出预算的分部分项子目，这些子目既是计算工程量的目录，也是套用定额或单位估价表时要对应的，同时还可以避免漏项或重复。3、计算工程量工程量是预算造价的基础数据，工程量计算是预算工作中工作量最大的内容之一。工程量计算要符合工程量计算规则的规定，计算方法要求准确，防止重复计算或遗漏。计算底稿要力求简捷、精确，且具有可查性。计量单位与预算定额的单位要保持一致。4、套用预算定额或单位估价表，计算直接工程费工程量计算完毕后，应进行整理、汇总，按一定格式填写定额项目及工程量，套用预算定额或单位估价表，计算直接工程费。在计算直接工程费时要注意以下问题：（1）遇有定额未包括的新技术、新工艺、新材料或设备的应用时，应按有关规定换算或编制补充定额。（2）安装工程的基价和未计价材应分别填列，注意计量单位与单价单位口径一致，当定额中无主材含量时，其主材应根据工程量和定额规定的损耗率加计损耗，一并列入未计价材消耗量。（3）直接工程费用除了套用定额子目计取的之外，还有一部分系数费用，需要在子目套用完毕后计取。各单位工程应根据工程特征，按照各册规定的系数计算规则、方法和标准计算，计取有关的费用，如工程超高增加费、高层建筑增加费、脚手架搭拆费等(各系数的具体内容详见后面有关介绍)。5、费用计取单位工程直接工程费汇总后，计算分析施工技术措施费和施工组织措施费，按照费用计算标准和费用计算程序计算工程成本、利润和税金，汇总计算单位工程造价。6、根据需要或要求计算有关能反映工程造价主要数据的有关指标。如建筑平方米安装造价指标，主要材料耗用指标，万元定额主要材料含量、人工、机械单位耗用水平等。7、编制预算书为了保证预算书的清晰、明了、标准，除计算表格和必要数据外，编制说明也是一项必不可少的内容。完成后的预算应经有关人员和部门进行审核后，按规定的格式整理出正式预算书。newmeasurestopromotework,thecouragetotakeresponsibility,daretobreakhardtoensuredistrict,Governmentdecisionsandarrangementstoimplement.(B)strengtheningsupervision,severelypunishactsofviolation.Oneistoopenthechannelsofsupervision.Vigorouslypromotethepartyaffairspublic,open,widelyacceptedsupervisionbythemasses,payattentiontosocialgroupsandpublicopinionsupervision,thepowerfulforceformedtourgepartymembersandleadingcadresproperlyexercisetheirpowers.Second,strongsupervisionandinspection.Democraticlifeintofullplay,importantbriefings,reportsrelatedtopersonalmattersandevaluationofcadres"studyofinner-partysupervisorysystem,acomprehensivegraspofguidelinesfortheimplementationoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption-relatedcasesofleadingcadresofpartymembers,focusonstrengtheningkeyareasofprojectselection,funding,officialsmonitor,detectandrectifytheproblem,promotehonestyinpolitics.Third,strengthendisciplinaryinvestigation.SeriouslytheimplementationofJI...　Recently,theCountyleadingbodiesatthecountyleveltocarryout"threetrees"practice,whichistoimprovethegoverningabilityandpromotingthedevelopmentofXXeffectivemeasure.Icarefullyfollowyourdeploymentrequirements,andactivelyparticipateinthe"threetrees"campaign.ReadGroup,preparedbytheDepartmentinthenearfutureoftheideologicalandpoliticalconstructionofleadingcadresinthecityreader,readtherelevantinformation,largerharvest,inspired.Ithinktheabilityofrepellingistostrengthentheparty"sgoverningcapacityinquestionsoftheconstructionofmeaning,animportanttopicremainsinfrontofpartymembersandcadresatalllevels,weneedtofurtherexploreandponder.Theabilityofrepellingthenamesuggests,isaskingpartymembersandcadresatalllevelsinparticular,leadingcadresatalllevels,notonlyourselves,establishacorrectconceptoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption,politicalintegrity,self-discipline,rejectionofcorruption,madeforthepeople,pragmatic,honestleadership,andstrengthenthesenseofresponsibility,earnestlyimplementtheresponsibilityofuncorrupted,implementationofthebaoliananti-corruptionmeasurestoensuretherealizationofbusiness-building,constructionofawin-winsituation.Next,Icombinedwiththeirthinking,experienceandcontactXXpractical,onhowtoenhancetheabilityofrepelling,onfouraspectsofcognition.　　Irregularities,pleasecomment.First,theconstructionofthepropulsionsystem,andenhancethesystemofcorruptionsincethefoundingofourparty,havebeenthinkingabouttacklingcorruption.Currently,democraticlegalsystem,managementsystemandsupervisionmechanismisnotperfect,administrativeactsarenotverystandardized,Enterprisebehaviorandmarketbehavior,corruptionpresentsadiverse,pluralistic,complextrends,thisshiftthestrugglebetweenthetwo,willaccompany11 yuan,anincreaseof17.5%;localgovernmentgeneralbudgetrevenueof500millionYuan,...Painting,modelculturecreatesnewMaChurchcommunity,creatingLakescenicspotcultureeducationbase,receivedhighevaluationfromprovincialandmunicipaldisciplineInspectionCommission,thepeople"sdailyspecialreport.ConstantlypromoteindependentCommissionagainstcorruptioncultureconstructiontoruralextends,createdestablishedDahlinruralindustryParkindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionculturepositions,formedhasasupport"servicelowdoubleexcellent"ofmembersleadteam,constantlyperfectandestablishedParkfundsassetsmanagement,andvillageauditsupervision,andvillagersdemocraticfinancial,system,strengtheningParkparty,andChief,andfinancial,fullpublic,powerfultoguaranteeshasnewruralconstruction,bycityruralstylecleangovernmentinspectionunitledofheightevaluation.　　Throughtheimplementationofhonestandcleangovernmentculturalconstruction,andeffectivelyeducatethebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresandconsciouslyregulatedbehavioranddiscipline,honestyinpoliticsandculturetocreateagoodatmosphereandfreshdevelopmentenvironment.AlthoughweinimplementimplementationindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionguidelinesaspectsmadehasmusteffectiveness,butawayfromsuperiorofrequirementsalsoexistsmustofdistance,mainperformancefor:aissystemenoughsound,education,andsupervision,andprevention,andpunishment,aspectslong-termmechanismalsoenoughperfect,especiallyinenrollmentbidworkregulatoryaspectsalsoneededstrengthening;IIisregulatorysupervisionexistslostofYuwide,andlostofYusoft,investigationillegaldisciplinarycaseofeffortsalsoneededstrengthening,individualsectorandcadresalsodifferentdegreeexiststreatgift,nottobenefitsnotdo,andmessdoofphenomenon;Threeforhonestworkisthenewsituationsandnewproblemsinfindingtimelyenough,treatmentmeasuresarenotstrongenough.　　Tosolvetheseproblems,wewillproceedfromthefollowingfiveaspectsofrectification,makesuretoimplementtheprovisionsofthecode.(A)deepeningthelearning,enhancetheconsciousnessofhonestyinpolitics.TocreateeventasanopportunitytoExcelandlearningparty,furtherincreasingthegovernancecapabilityandadvancedconstruction,reinforcedrulesofthebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresawareness,senseofresponsibility,senseofhonor,improveworkingabilityandlevelofscientificdevelopment.Shouldmakefulluseofmeetings,inparticularcentralgrouplearningopportunity,furtherstrengtheningthestudyandeducationofthecode,theintensivewarningeducation,educationthemajorityofpartymembersandcadresknownfear,knewfear,honestyinpoliticsoftensionthestrings,consciousnessandenhancingtheimplementationoftheinitiative.　　Also,payattentiontoapplywhattheyhavelearned,consciouslystudyresultsintoplanningwork,newideas,第二讲安装工程量的计算本讲主要讲述安装工程工程量的概念、意义、计算原则与计算的一般方法；并且把安装工程的计量与土建工程的计量进行对比，使其了解安装工程的计量特点。学习本讲内容主要是为以后各专业安装工程的工程量计算打下基础。工程量是衡量安装工程建设规模的实物量，是计算直接工程费的基础，也是预算编制的原始数据。工程量的多少，将影响到工程造价的高低，所以工程量计算是否准确与合理，就直接影响到预算编制的准确性。准确地识读工程图，具备一定的专业知识，掌握安装工程各专业的工程量计算规则，并有一定的数学计算基础和综合归纳的统筹技巧，是准确计算工程量的基本功。工程量计算是预算编制的难点，必须引起足够的重视。一、安装工程量的概念以物理量单位或自然计量单位所表示的安装工程各个具体工程子目或结构构配件的数量，就称为安装工程量。所谓物理量单位，就是指按法定计量单位表示工程子目数量，它包括长度（m）、面积（m2）、体积（m3）和重量（t或kg）四种计量单位；或以它们的倍数如10m、100m等来表示该项工程子目的数量单位。长度：一般指安装工程的“延长米”。例如，导线敷设、管道安装等，均以长度计量。面积：一般指外围或表面范围的“m2”。有外围面积、净(实)面积、展开面积等区别，安装工程多以展开面积计算，例如，通风管道、刷油防腐等工程。体积：一般指空间范围或建筑实体的“m3”。有外围体积与实体积之分。如管道的保温绝热、挖填土方量等。重量：指统一的重力计量。如金属构件、配件及一些成品或半成品等的重量。自然计量单位，一般指工程子目中所规定的施工对象本身的自然组成情况，如台、套、组、个、只、系统、块或它们的倍数就称为自然计量单位。安装工程中大量地使用自然计量单位。例如，配电箱、灯具、插座、阀门、卫生洁具、散热器等安装，都采用自然计量单位计量。二、工程量计算的意义所有单位工程预算造价的直接工程费都是由两个因素决定的，即一个是预算定额或单位估价表中各个分项工程的预算价格；另一个是该单位工程的分项工程数量。即：分项工程直接工程费＝分项工程预算定额（估价表）单价×分项工程量因此，工程量计算是确定安装工程施工图预算造价的重要环节。工程量计算的正确与否，直接影响工程预算编制的准确性和编制质量。能正确地进行工程量计算，对合理准确地确定安装工程造价、加强工程建设管理工作，都具有重要的实际意义。三、工程量计算的原则实践表明，同一套施工图纸的同一个单位工程，不同人员编出的预算价值不同，甚至同—个人在不同时间计算的结果也是不一致的。究其原因，除了不熟悉图纸外，主要是没有完全掌握“工程量计算规则”，没有严格遵照工程量计算的基本原则和要求，从而导致工程量项目划分的不一致或工程量计算的错误。工程量计算不仅数值要准确，而且还应使每一项工程量的项目都能和预算定额中的项目一致，这样才能正确的套用定额单价，提高安装工程造价的准确性。为此，计算工程量时应遵循以下几项原则。1、工程项目名称必须与预算定额子目口径相一致在工程量计算时，根据施工图列出的工程子目口径(指工程子目所包括的工作内容和范围)，与预算定额中相应工程子目的口径必须一致，以便于套价。2、工程量计算必须遵循《工程量计算规则》工程量计算规则是指预算定额中对各计价项目工程量的计算范围和计量单位，所作的统—规定。它是工程量计算的标准和依据，也是预算定额执行的法定内容。计算规则是制定定额的基础，是综合和确定定额内各项消耗量指标的依据，也是工程测算和分析的准绳。3、必须按定额套价项目分别计算工程量工程量计算的目的，在于分项套价。一个项目应有一项工程量，套一项定额；不同的newmeasurestopromotework,thecouragetotakeresponsibility,daretobreakhardtoensuredistrict,Governmentdecisionsandarrangementstoimplement.(B)strengtheningsupervision,severelypunishactsofviolation.Oneistoopenthechannelsofsupervision.Vigorouslypromotethepartyaffairspublic,open,widelyacceptedsupervisionbythemasses,payattentiontosocialgroupsandpublicopinionsupervision,thepowerfulforceformedtourgepartymembersandleadingcadresproperlyexercisetheirpowers.Second,strongsupervisionandinspection.Democraticlifeintofullplay,importantbriefings,reportsrelatedtopersonalmattersandevaluationofcadres"studyofinner-partysupervisorysystem,acomprehensivegraspofguidelinesfortheimplementationoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption-relatedcasesofleadingcadresofpartymembers,focusonstrengtheningkeyareasofprojectselection,funding,officialsmonitor,detectandrectifytheproblem,promotehonestyinpolitics.Third,strengthendisciplinaryinvestigation.SeriouslytheimplementationofJI...　Recently,theCountyleadingbodiesatthecountyleveltocarryout"threetrees"practice,whichistoimprovethegoverningabilityandpromotingthedevelopmentofXXeffectivemeasure.Icarefullyfollowyourdeploymentrequirements,andactivelyparticipateinthe"threetrees"campaign.ReadGroup,preparedbytheDepartmentinthenearfutureoftheideologicalandpoliticalconstructionofleadingcadresinthecityreader,readtherelevantinformation,largerharvest,inspired.Ithinktheabilityofrepellingistostrengthentheparty"sgoverningcapacityinquestionsoftheconstructionofmeaning,animportanttopicremainsinfrontofpartymembersandcadresatalllevels,weneedtofurtherexploreandponder.Theabilityofrepellingthenamesuggests,isaskingpartymembersandcadresatalllevelsinparticular,leadingcadresatalllevels,notonlyourselves,establishacorrectconceptoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption,politicalintegrity,self-discipline,rejectionofcorruption,madeforthepeople,pragmatic,honestleadership,andstrengthenthesenseofresponsibility,earnestlyimplementtheresponsibilityofuncorrupted,implementationofthebaoliananti-corruptionmeasurestoensuretherealizationofbusiness-building,constructionofawin-winsituation.Next,Icombinedwiththeirthinking,experienceandcontactXXpractical,onhowtoenhancetheabilityofrepelling,onfouraspectsofcognition.　　Irregularities,pleasecomment.First,theconstructionofthepropulsionsystem,andenhancethesystemofcorruptionsincethefoundingofourparty,havebeenthinkingabouttacklingcorruption.Currently,democraticlegalsystem,managementsystemandsupervisionmechanismisnotperfect,administrativeactsarenotverystandardized,Enterprisebehaviorandmarketbehavior,corruptionpresentsadiverse,pluralistic,complextrends,thisshiftthestrugglebetweenthetwo,willaccompany11 yuan,anincreaseof17.5%;localgovernmentgeneralbudgetrevenueof500millionYuan,...Painting,modelculturecreatesnewMaChurchcommunity,creatingLakescenicspotcultureeducationbase,receivedhighevaluationfromprovincialandmunicipaldisciplineInspectionCommission,thepeople"sdailyspecialreport.ConstantlypromoteindependentCommissionagainstcorruptioncultureconstructiontoruralextends,createdestablishedDahlinruralindustryParkindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionculturepositions,formedhasasupport"servicelowdoubleexcellent"ofmembersleadteam,constantlyperfectandestablishedParkfundsassetsmanagement,andvillageauditsupervision,andvillagersdemocraticfinancial,system,strengtheningParkparty,andChief,andfinancial,fullpublic,powerfultoguaranteeshasnewruralconstruction,bycityruralstylecleangovernmentinspectionunitledofheightevaluation.　　Throughtheimplementationofhonestandcleangovernmentculturalconstruction,andeffectivelyeducatethebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresandconsciouslyregulatedbehavioranddiscipline,honestyinpoliticsandculturetocreateagoodatmosphereandfreshdevelopmentenvironment.AlthoughweinimplementimplementationindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionguidelinesaspectsmadehasmusteffectiveness,butawayfromsuperiorofrequirementsalsoexistsmustofdistance,mainperformancefor:aissystemenoughsound,education,andsupervision,andprevention,andpunishment,aspectslong-termmechanismalsoenoughperfect,especiallyinenrollmentbidworkregulatoryaspectsalsoneededstrengthening;IIisregulatorysupervisionexistslostofYuwide,andlostofYusoft,investigationillegaldisciplinarycaseofeffortsalsoneededstrengthening,individualsectorandcadresalsodifferentdegreeexiststreatgift,nottobenefitsnotdo,andmessdoofphenomenon;Threeforhonestworkisthenewsituationsandnewproblemsinfindingtimelyenough,treatmentmeasuresarenotstrongenough.　　Tosolvetheseproblems,wewillproceedfromthefollowingfiveaspectsofrectification,makesuretoimplementtheprovisionsofthecode.(A)deepeningthelearning,enhancetheconsciousnessofhonestyinpolitics.TocreateeventasanopportunitytoExcelandlearningparty,furtherincreasingthegovernancecapabilityandadvancedconstruction,reinforcedrulesofthebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresawareness,senseofresponsibility,senseofhonor,improveworkingabilityandlevelofscientificdevelopment.Shouldmakefulluseofmeetings,inparticularcentralgrouplearningopportunity,furtherstrengtheningthestudyandeducationofthecode,theintensivewarningeducation,educationthemajorityofpartymembersandcadresknownfear,knewfear,honestyinpoliticsoftensionthestrings,consciousnessandenhancingtheimplementationoftheinitiative.　　Also,payattentiontoapplywhattheyhavelearned,consciouslystudyresultsintoplanningwork,newideas,项目要分别计算工程量(“一数多用”也应分项列出)，才能分别套价。若定额的编号和基价不同，就标志着计价项目不同，必须分项计算工程量。4、必须按规定的计量单位计算工程量定额中各个计价项目都有规定的计量单位（物理量单位或自然计量单位），工程量的计量单位与定额项目的计量单位不一致就绝对不能套定额单价，否则，将导致分项直接费计算错误。5、必须按一定的精度要求计算工程量工程量的计算精度涉及直接工程费精度，将影响到预算造价的精度。汇总安装工程量时，其准确度取值为：以m3、m2、m为单位的保留两位小数；以t为单位的保留三位小数，自然计量(台、套或件等)取整数。两位或三位小数后的位数按四舍五入取舍。四、工程量计算的一般方法在划分项目的基础上，一般采用“按图列式、逐项计算、全面核对”的方法，分项逐条地计算工程量。计量的一般方法是：1、主要依据工程量计算的主要依据是施工图、预算定额和工程量计算规则。施工图是工程内容、做法和数量的表现形式，而预算定额和工程量计算规则是计量和套价的标准。2、识读工程图掌握识读工程图的基本方法，熟练地看懂施工图。只有弄清施工图的内容及其设备、材料的型号、规格、尺寸，才能准确地计算各个项目的工程量。3、熟悉有关预算定额熟悉有关专业的安装工程预算定额，明确定额的分项内容和相应的工程量计算规则。这是防止重复计算或漏项的关键，也是准确套价的基础，因此在计算时应首先根据施工图内容，对照相应的安装定额确定主要预算项目。找出相应定额编号，然后再逐项计算工程量。这样，就可避免重项与漏项，减少差错。4、计算顺序在大量施工图和众多定额基价项目中，如何选择工程量的合理计算顺序，是确保工程量计算做到内容全面、便捷明了、列式系统、一式多用的关键。常用的工程量计算顺序有按图纸顺序（编号、轴线、层段、上下、左右、内外、总详等）、按施工顺序（基础、结构、装修、安装）、按系统顺序（管线、干支、进出、编号、型号、规格等）和按定额顺序等多种。对安装工程管线部分，一定要看懂系统图和原理图，根据由进至出、从干到支、从低到高、先外后内的顺序，按不同敷设方式，分规格逐段计算其长度。管线计算应按定额规定加入预留尺度或余量。设备及仪器、仪表等，要区分成套或单件。按不同规格型号在施工图上点清数目。与材料表（或设备清单）对照后，最后确定预算工程量。多层建筑要逐层有序地清点，并对照其在系统图中的位置。凡以物理量单位（m、m2、m3、t）确定安装工程量的设备、管道及零部件等，其工程量的计算，有的可查单位重量表，有的应先定长度再计算（风管要用展开面积m2），有的用几何尺寸和公式计算，这些方法都应以有关定额说明为依据。5、计算公式按工程量计算表、列出计算公式计算，是计算工程量的基本要求之一。目前，安装工程量计算表还没有全国统一的格式。但一般应在计算表的表格内分别写明序号、项目名称、计量单位、计算式及结果，以供在“一式多用”或“一数多用”时直接引用。计算应有计算式。主要尺寸的来源应标注清楚。在计算过程中，应在数字的后面标注来源或含义，以便于复核。同一定额计价项目涉及众多部位时，尽可能按部位不同分别单列算式与计算，再进行汇总，以便于套价。6、计算单位工程量的计算单位，必须与相应定额项目中的计量单位一致。考虑到物理量m、m2、m3、三者之间的转换关系，而某些工程量在尺寸上有一定的内在联系，因此在工程量计算中，第一次出现的数据应逐项、分层次地列出，以便引用。五、安装工程量计算的特点安装工程量与土建工程量相比较，有着很大的不同，土建工程量大多以物理量（m、newmeasurestopromotework,thecouragetotakeresponsibility,daretobreakhardtoensuredistrict,Governmentdecisionsandarrangementstoimplement.(B)strengtheningsupervision,severelypunishactsofviolation.Oneistoopenthechannelsofsupervision.Vigorouslypromotethepartyaffairspublic,open,widelyacceptedsupervisionbythemasses,payattentiontosocialgroupsandpublicopinionsupervision,thepowerfulforceformedtourgepartymembersandleadingcadresproperlyexercisetheirpowers.Second,strongsupervisionandinspection.Democraticlifeintofullplay,importantbriefings,reportsrelatedtopersonalmattersandevaluationofcadres"studyofinner-partysupervisorysystem,acomprehensivegraspofguidelinesfortheimplementationoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption-relatedcasesofleadingcadresofpartymembers,focusonstrengtheningkeyareasofprojectselection,funding,officialsmonitor,detectandrectifytheproblem,promotehonestyinpolitics.Third,strengthendisciplinaryinvestigation.SeriouslytheimplementationofJI...　Recently,theCountyleadingbodiesatthecountyleveltocarryout"threetrees"practice,whichistoimprovethegoverningabilityandpromotingthedevelopmentofXXeffectivemeasure.Icarefullyfollowyourdeploymentrequirements,andactivelyparticipateinthe"threetrees"campaign.ReadGroup,preparedbytheDepartmentinthenearfutureoftheideologicalandpoliticalconstructionofleadingcadresinthecityreader,readtherelevantinformation,largerharvest,inspired.Ithinktheabilityofrepellingistostrengthentheparty"sgoverningcapacityinquestionsoftheconstructionofmeaning,animportanttopicremainsinfrontofpartymembersandcadresatalllevels,weneedtofurtherexploreandponder.Theabilityofrepellingthenamesuggests,isaskingpartymembersandcadresatalllevelsinparticular,leadingcadresatalllevels,notonlyourselves,establishacorrectconceptoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption,politicalintegrity,self-discipline,rejectionofcorruption,madeforthepeople,pragmatic,honestleadership,andstrengthenthesenseofresponsibility,earnestlyimplementtheresponsibilityofuncorrupted,implementationofthebaoliananti-corruptionmeasurestoensuretherealizationofbusiness-building,constructionofawin-winsituation.Next,Icombinedwiththeirthinking,experienceandcontactXXpractical,onhowtoenhancetheabilityofrepelling,onfouraspectsofcognition.　　Irregularities,pleasecomment.First,theconstructionofthepropulsionsystem,andenhancethesystemofcorruptionsincethefoundingofourparty,havebeenthinkingabouttacklingcorruption.Currently,democraticlegalsystem,managementsystemandsupervisionmechanismisnotperfect,administrativeactsarenotverystandardized,Enterprisebehaviorandmarketbehavior,corruptionpresentsadiverse,pluralistic,complextrends,thisshiftthestrugglebetweenthetwo,willaccompany11 yuan,anincreaseof17.5%;localgovernmentgeneralbudgetrevenueof500millionYuan,...Painting,modelculturecreatesnewMaChurchcommunity,creatingLakescenicspotcultureeducationbase,receivedhighevaluationfromprovincialandmunicipaldisciplineInspectionCommission,thepeople"sdailyspecialreport.ConstantlypromoteindependentCommissionagainstcorruptioncultureconstructiontoruralextends,createdestablishedDahlinruralindustryParkindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionculturepositions,formedhasasupport"servicelowdoubleexcellent"ofmembersleadteam,constantlyperfectandestablishedParkfundsassetsmanagement,andvillageauditsupervision,andvillagersdemocraticfinancial,system,strengtheningParkparty,andChief,andfinancial,fullpublic,powerfultoguaranteeshasnewruralconstruction,bycityruralstylecleangovernmentinspectionunitledofheightevaluation.　　Throughtheimplementationofhonestandcleangovernmentculturalconstruction,andeffectivelyeducatethebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresandconsciouslyregulatedbehavioranddiscipline,honestyinpoliticsandculturetocreateagoodatmosphereandfreshdevelopmentenvironment.AlthoughweinimplementimplementationindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionguidelinesaspectsmadehasmusteffectiveness,butawayfromsuperiorofrequirementsalsoexistsmustofdistance,mainperformancefor:aissystemenoughsound,education,andsupervision,andprevention,andpunishment,aspectslong-termmechanismalsoenoughperfect,especiallyinenrollmentbidworkregulatoryaspectsalsoneededstrengthening;IIisregulatorysupervisionexistslostofYuwide,andlostofYusoft,investigationillegaldisciplinarycaseofeffortsalsoneededstrengthening,individualsectorandcadresalsodifferentdegreeexiststreatgift,nottobenefitsnotdo,andmessdoofphenomenon;Threeforhonestworkisthenewsituationsandnewproblemsinfindingtimelyenough,treatmentmeasuresarenotstrongenough.　　Tosolvetheseproblems,wewillproceedfromthefollowingfiveaspectsofrectification,makesuretoimplementtheprovisionsofthecode.(A)deepeningthelearning,enhancetheconsciousnessofhonestyinpolitics.TocreateeventasanopportunitytoExcelandlearningparty,furtherincreasingthegovernancecapabilityandadvancedconstruction,reinforcedrulesofthebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresawareness,senseofresponsibility,senseofhonor,improveworkingabilityandlevelofscientificdevelopment.Shouldmakefulluseofmeetings,inparticularcentralgrouplearningopportunity,furtherstrengtheningthestudyandeducationofthecode,theintensivewarningeducation,educationthemajorityofpartymembersandcadresknownfear,knewfear,honestyinpoliticsoftensionthestrings,consciousnessandenhancingtheimplementationoftheinitiative.　　Also,payattentiontoapplywhattheyhavelearned,consciouslystudyresultsintoplanningwork,newideas,m2、m3、t）为计量单位，遵照定额的计算规则，按图示尺寸分部逐项计算，较为繁杂。而安装工程施工图，一般不标明具体尺寸，只表示管线系统和设备位置，同时安装定额中计量简单、分项单一（设备、管线）。因此，安装工程量的计算，比土建工程量的计算相对要简单。安装工程的工程量计算，具有以下主要特点。1、计量单位相对简单除管线按不同规格、敷设方式，以长度（m）计算外，设备装置多以自然单位（台、个、套、组、……）计量。只有少数项目才涉及到其他物理单位。如通风管按展开面积（m2）、合金构配件加工按重量（kg）等。2、计算方法简便各种设备、装置等的安装工程量，多为在施工图上直接点数的自然计量，比较方便。安装工程中的管线敷设，以长度计量，工程量大部分为水平长度与垂直高度之和。管线水平长度可用平面图上的尺寸进行推算，也可用比例尺直接量取，但在计算管道工程的管道水平长度时，还应考虑到管道的坡度；垂直长度（高度），一般采用图上标高的高差求得。3、可参考材料表或设备清单计算安装工程施工图一般附有“材料表”或“设备清单”，表内列出的主要设备、材料的规格、数量，在工程量计算时可以利用和参考，从而进一步简化计算。但是还应以施工图为依据逐项核对。4、安装施工图要与土建施工图对照受安装工程施工图表示内容的限制，有些尺寸及基本数据要对照土建工程施工图进行分析，方能做到分项合理、计量准确。根据以上特点不难看出，在工程量计算中，安装工程与土建工程有着明显的差别。有关安装工程量的具体计算规则，将根据专业的不同在以后各章中介绍。第三讲使用定额时应注意的问题本讲主要讲述安装工程各专业在编制预算时，在定额与单价应用中常见的共同性问题。如主要材料的处理；设备与材料的区分；定额中关于用系数计算的费用；定额的换算使用；材料差价的处理方法等。这些内容与本课程后面各章中有关定额的使用有密切关系，希望能很好掌握。一、主要材料的表现形式与费用计算办法定额中的材料一般有以下两种表现形式。1、定额中的未计价材料末计价材料是指在定额中只规定了它的名称、规格、品种和消耗量，定额基价中未计入材料的价值的这部分材料。分部分项工程中的主材大都为未计价材料。未计价材料在定额中一般有两种表现形式，相应的计算未计价材价值的方法也有两种。（1）定额表格中列出了定额含量的未计价材，如表3－1所示。表3－1开关工作内容：测位、划线、打眼、埋缠螺栓、清扫盒子、上木台、缠钢丝弹簧垫、装开关、接线、装盒。计量单位：10套定额编号2-16372-16382-16392-1640项目板式暗开关（单控）单联双联三联四联名称单位单价（元）数量人工综合工日工日23.220.8500.8900.9300.980材料照明开关圆木台63～138×22塑料绝缘线BLV-2.5mm2木螺钉φ2～4×6～65只块m10个－1.2201.0800.130（10.200）－3.0502.080（10.200）－4.5802.080（10.200）－6.1102.080（10.200）－7.6402.080newmeasurestopromotework,thecouragetotakeresponsibility,daretobreakhardtoensuredistrict,Governmentdecisionsandarrangementstoimplement.(B)strengtheningsupervision,severelypunishactsofviolation.Oneistoopenthechannelsofsupervision.Vigorouslypromotethepartyaffairspublic,open,widelyacceptedsupervisionbythemasses,payattentiontosocialgroupsandpublicopinionsupervision,thepowerfulforceformedtourgepartymembersandleadingcadresproperlyexercisetheirpowers.Second,strongsupervisionandinspection.Democraticlifeintofullplay,importantbriefings,reportsrelatedtopersonalmattersandevaluationofcadres"studyofinner-partysupervisorysystem,acomprehensivegraspofguidelinesfortheimplementationoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption-relatedcasesofleadingcadresofpartymembers,focusonstrengtheningkeyareasofprojectselection,funding,officialsmonitor,detectandrectifytheproblem,promotehonestyinpolitics.Third,strengthendisciplinaryinvestigation.SeriouslytheimplementationofJI...　Recently,theCountyleadingbodiesatthecountyleveltocarryout"threetrees"practice,whichistoimprovethegoverningabilityandpromotingthedevelopmentofXXeffectivemeasure.Icarefullyfollowyourdeploymentrequirements,andactivelyparticipateinthe"threetrees"campaign.ReadGroup,preparedbytheDepartmentinthenearfutureoftheideologicalandpoliticalconstructionofleadingcadresinthecityreader,readtherelevantinformation,largerharvest,inspired.Ithinktheabilityofrepellingistostrengthentheparty"sgoverningcapacityinquestionsoftheconstructionofmeaning,animportanttopicremainsinfrontofpartymembersandcadresatalllevels,weneedtofurtherexploreandponder.Theabilityofrepellingthenamesuggests,isaskingpartymembersandcadresatalllevelsinparticular,leadingcadresatalllevels,notonlyourselves,establishacorrectconceptoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption,politicalintegrity,self-discipline,rejectionofcorruption,madeforthepeople,pragmatic,honestleadership,andstrengthenthesenseofresponsibility,earnestlyimplementtheresponsibilityofuncorrupted,implementationofthebaoliananti-corruptionmeasurestoensuretherealizationofbusiness-building,constructionofawin-winsituation.Next,Icombinedwiththeirthinking,experienceandcontactXXpractical,onhowtoenhancetheabilityofrepelling,onfouraspectsofcognition.　　Irregularities,pleasecomment.First,theconstructionofthepropulsionsystem,andenhancethesystemofcorruptionsincethefoundingofourparty,havebeenthinkingabouttacklingcorruption.Currently,democraticlegalsystem,managementsystemandsupervisionmechanismisnotperfect,administrativeactsarenotverystandardized,Enterprisebehaviorandmarketbehavior,corruptionpresentsadiverse,pluralistic,complextrends,thisshiftthestrugglebetweenthetwo,willaccompany11 yuan,anincreaseof17.5%;localgovernmentgeneralbudgetrevenueof500millionYuan,...Painting,modelculturecreatesnewMaChurchcommunity,creatingLakescenicspotcultureeducationbase,receivedhighevaluationfromprovincialandmunicipaldisciplineInspectionCommission,thepeople"sdailyspecialreport.ConstantlypromoteindependentCommissionagainstcorruptioncultureconstructiontoruralextends,createdestablishedDahlinruralindustryParkindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionculturepositions,formedhasasupport"servicelowdoubleexcellent"ofmembersleadteam,constantlyperfectandestablishedParkfundsassetsmanagement,andvillageauditsupervision,andvillagersdemocraticfinancial,system,strengtheningParkparty,andChief,andfinancial,fullpublic,powerfultoguaranteeshasnewruralconstruction,bycityruralstylecleangovernmentinspectionunitledofheightevaluation.　　Throughtheimplementationofhonestandcleangovernmentculturalconstruction,andeffectivelyeducatethebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresandconsciouslyregulatedbehavioranddiscipline,honestyinpoliticsandculturetocreateagoodatmosphereandfreshdevelopmentenvironment.AlthoughweinimplementimplementationindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionguidelinesaspectsmadehasmusteffectiveness,butawayfromsuperiorofrequirementsalsoexistsmustofdistance,mainperformancefor:aissystemenoughsound,education,andsupervision,andprevention,andpunishment,aspectslong-termmechanismalsoenoughperfect,especiallyinenrollmentbidworkregulatoryaspectsalsoneededstrengthening;IIisregulatorysupervisionexistslostofYuwide,andlostofYusoft,investigationillegaldisciplinarycaseofeffortsalsoneededstrengthening,individualsectorandcadresalsodifferentdegreeexiststreatgift,nottobenefitsnotdo,andmessdoofphenomenon;Threeforhonestworkisthenewsituationsandnewproblemsinfindingtimelyenough,treatmentmeasuresarenotstrongenough.　　Tosolvetheseproblems,wewillproceedfromthefollowingfiveaspectsofrectification,makesuretoimplementtheprovisionsofthecode.(A)deepeningthelearning,enhancetheconsciousnessofhonestyinpolitics.TocreateeventasanopportunitytoExcelandlearningparty,furtherincreasingthegovernancecapabilityandadvancedconstruction,reinforcedrulesofthebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresawareness,senseofresponsibility,senseofhonor,improveworkingabilityandlevelofscientificdevelopment.Shouldmakefulluseofmeetings,inparticularcentralgrouplearningopportunity,furtherstrengtheningthestudyandeducationofthecode,theintensivewarningeducation,educationthemajorityofpartymembersandcadresknownfear,knewfear,honestyinpoliticsoftensionthestrings,consciousnessandenhancingtheimplementationoftheinitiative.　　Also,payattentiontoapplywhattheyhavelearned,consciouslystudyresultsintoplanningwork,newideas,镀锌铁丝18＃～22＃其他材料费kg元7.8001.0000.1000.1300.1000.1800.1000.2290.1000.279基价（元）24.2126.8529.4732.34其中人工费（元）材料费（元）机械费（元）19.744.47－20.676.18－21.597.88－22.769.58－上表中的照明开关，把其定额消耗量用括号括起来，其价值未计入定额基价，在计算其费用时，应按下式计算照明开关的费用：未计价材料数量＝按施工图算出的工程量×括号内的材料消耗量未计价材料价值＝未计价材料数量×材料单价［例3－1］某电气照明工程须安装双联单控板式暗开关30套，每套开关的预算单价为10元。试求开关的总价值。［解］双联单控板式暗开关，应套用2-1638子目，开关定额含量为10.2套／10套。该工程中：开关总消耗量＝10.2×3=30.6（套）开关总价值＝30.6×10＝306（元）编制预算时按上式计算的主材价值可以直接与定额基价合并，也可单列。（2）定额中未列含量的未计价材。如表3－2示（引用第一章表1－2）。表3－2接地极（板）制作、安装工作内容：尖端及加固帽加工、接地极打入地下及埋设、下料、加工、焊接。计量单位：根定额编号2-6882-6892-6902-691项目钢管接地极角钢接地极普通土坚土普通土坚土名称单位单价（元）数量人工综合工日工日23.220.6200.6700.4800.530材料电焊条结422ф3.2钢锯条镀锌扁钢—60×6沥青清漆kg根kgkg5.4100.6204.3005.1400.2001.5000.2600.0200.2001.5000.2600.0200.1501.0000.2600.0200.1501.0000.2600.020机械交流电焊机21KVA台班35.6700.2700.2700.1800.180基价（元）27.2628.4220.2221.38其中人工费（元）材料费（元）机械费（元）14.403.239.6315.563.239.6311.152.656.4212.312.656.42注：主要材料：钢管、角钢表3－2中的定额表格中未列钢管、角钢的单位消耗量，仅在表格下方辅助说明钢管、角钢是主要材料，这种情况下，未计价材首先按其施工图图示设计用量加上定额规定的主要材料损耗量计算出总消耗量，然后再计算出主材价值。计算公式如下：未计价材料数量＝按施工图算出的工程量×（1＋施工损耗率）未计价材料价值＝未计价材料数量×材料单价newmeasurestopromotework,thecouragetotakeresponsibility,daretobreakhardtoensuredistrict,Governmentdecisionsandarrangementstoimplement.(B)strengtheningsupervision,severelypunishactsofviolation.Oneistoopenthechannelsofsupervision.Vigorouslypromotethepartyaffairspublic,open,widelyacceptedsupervisionbythemasses,payattentiontosocialgroupsandpublicopinionsupervision,thepowerfulforceformedtourgepartymembersandleadingcadresproperlyexercisetheirpowers.Second,strongsupervisionandinspection.Democraticlifeintofullplay,importantbriefings,reportsrelatedtopersonalmattersandevaluationofcadres"studyofinner-partysupervisorysystem,acomprehensivegraspofguidelinesfortheimplementationoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption-relatedcasesofleadingcadresofpartymembers,focusonstrengtheningkeyareasofprojectselection,funding,officialsmonitor,detectandrectifytheproblem,promotehonestyinpolitics.Third,strengthendisciplinaryinvestigation.SeriouslytheimplementationofJI...　Recently,theCountyleadingbodiesatthecountyleveltocarryout"threetrees"practice,whichistoimprovethegoverningabilityandpromotingthedevelopmentofXXeffectivemeasure.Icarefullyfollowyourdeploymentrequirements,andactivelyparticipateinthe"threetrees"campaign.ReadGroup,preparedbytheDepartmentinthenearfutureoftheideologicalandpoliticalconstructionofleadingcadresinthecityreader,readtherelevantinformation,largerharvest,inspired.Ithinktheabilityofrepellingistostrengthentheparty"sgoverningcapacityinquestionsoftheconstructionofmeaning,animportanttopicremainsinfrontofpartymembersandcadresatalllevels,weneedtofurtherexploreandponder.Theabilityofrepellingthenamesuggests,isaskingpartymembersandcadresatalllevelsinparticular,leadingcadresatalllevels,notonlyourselves,establishacorrectconceptoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption,politicalintegrity,self-discipline,rejectionofcorruption,madeforthepeople,pragmatic,honestleadership,andstrengthenthesenseofresponsibility,earnestlyimplementtheresponsibilityofuncorrupted,implementationofthebaoliananti-corruptionmeasurestoensuretherealizationofbusiness-building,constructionofawin-winsituation.Next,Icombinedwiththeirthinking,experienceandcontactXXpractical,onhowtoenhancetheabilityofrepelling,onfouraspectsofcognition.　　Irregularities,pleasecomment.First,theconstructionofthepropulsionsystem,andenhancethesystemofcorruptionsincethefoundingofourparty,havebeenthinkingabouttacklingcorruption.Currently,democraticlegalsystem,managementsystemandsupervisionmechanismisnotperfect,administrativeactsarenotverystandardized,Enterprisebehaviorandmarketbehavior,corruptionpresentsadiverse,pluralistic,complextrends,thisshiftthestrugglebetweenthetwo,willaccompany11 yuan,anincreaseof17.5%;localgovernmentgeneralbudgetrevenueof500millionYuan,...Painting,modelculturecreatesnewMaChurchcommunity,creatingLakescenicspotcultureeducationbase,receivedhighevaluationfromprovincialandmunicipaldisciplineInspectionCommission,thepeople"sdailyspecialreport.ConstantlypromoteindependentCommissionagainstcorruptioncultureconstructiontoruralextends,createdestablishedDahlinruralindustryParkindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionculturepositions,formedhasasupport"servicelowdoubleexcellent"ofmembersleadteam,constantlyperfectandestablishedParkfundsassetsmanagement,andvillageauditsupervision,andvillagersdemocraticfinancial,system,strengtheningParkparty,andChief,andfinancial,fullpublic,powerfultoguaranteeshasnewruralconstruction,bycityruralstylecleangovernmentinspectionunitledofheightevaluation.　　Throughtheimplementationofhonestandcleangovernmentculturalconstruction,andeffectivelyeducatethebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresandconsciouslyregulatedbehavioranddiscipline,honestyinpoliticsandculturetocreateagoodatmosphereandfreshdevelopmentenvironment.AlthoughweinimplementimplementationindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionguidelinesaspectsmadehasmusteffectiveness,butawayfromsuperiorofrequirementsalsoexistsmustofdistance,mainperformancefor:aissystemenoughsound,education,andsupervision,andprevention,andpunishment,aspectslong-termmechanismalsoenoughperfect,especiallyinenrollmentbidworkregulatoryaspectsalsoneededstrengthening;IIisregulatorysupervisionexistslostofYuwide,andlostofYusoft,investigationillegaldisciplinarycaseofeffortsalsoneededstrengthening,individualsectorandcadresalsodifferentdegreeexiststreatgift,nottobenefitsnotdo,andmessdoofphenomenon;Threeforhonestworkisthenewsituationsandnewproblemsinfindingtimelyenough,treatmentmeasuresarenotstrongenough.　　Tosolvetheseproblems,wewillproceedfromthefollowingfiveaspectsofrectification,makesuretoimplementtheprovisionsofthecode.(A)deepeningthelearning,enhancetheconsciousnessofhonestyinpolitics.TocreateeventasanopportunitytoExcelandlearningparty,furtherincreasingthegovernancecapabilityandadvancedconstruction,reinforcedrulesofthebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresawareness,senseofresponsibility,senseofhonor,improveworkingabilityandlevelofscientificdevelopment.Shouldmakefulluseofmeetings,inparticularcentralgrouplearningopportunity,furtherstrengtheningthestudyandeducationofthecode,theintensivewarningeducation,educationthemajorityofpartymembersandcadresknownfear,knewfear,honestyinpoliticsoftensionthestrings,consciousnessandenhancingtheimplementationoftheinitiative.　　Also,payattentiontoapplywhattheyhavelearned,consciouslystudyresultsintoplanningwork,newideas,［例3－2］某防雷接地工程须埋设角钢（∠50×50×5）接地极24根，每根长2.5m，角钢每吨的价格为3500元，试计算角钢的总价值。［解］角钢接地极的敷设，根据土质应套用2-690或2-691子目，查第二册后附材料损耗率表，可知型钢的损耗率为5％，又知该规格角钢的每米重量为3.77kg。该工程中：角钢总长度＝24×2.5＝60（m）角钢总消耗量＝60×3.77×（1＋5％）=237.51（kg）＝0.238t角钢总价值＝0.238×3500＝833（元）2、定额中的已计价材料在定额制定时，将消耗的辅助或次要材料价值，计入定额基价中，这些材料就称为计价材料。如上面两个定额表格中那些列出材料，在数量栏中不带括号，都是计价材料，其价值已计入定额基价内，编制预算时不应另行计算。二、设备费的计算方法安装工程包括两个工作内容：一是安装设备；二是将材料加工制作成配件、构件与元件并装配成所需产品。安装设备只计算安装工作所需费用，若将材料加工、制作成产品时，不但要计算加工和安装费，还要计算材料的价值。所以要弄清什么是设备，什么是材料，才能正确理解定额并执行定额。关于设备与材料的划分应参考本章的学习资料。设备安装只计算安装费，其设备的价值，另行计算，不列入单位工程造价中。但值得注意的是定额中个别安装项目中的设备，并没有按照设备处理，而是按计价材料或者是未计价材料处理。所以设备费的计算可分为两种情况：1、定额列有含量的设备不论为未计价设备(其定额含量带括号)或已计价设备(其设备价值已计入基价)，均按主材方式处理，构成直接工程费。2、定额未列含量的设备此类设备首先应判别其是否构成直接工程费，一般可按下列标准划分：（1）材料损耗率表中列有项目的设备这是属于材料性质的设备，按主材方式同样处理，构成直接工程费。（2）定额损耗率表未编入的设备在国家无统一标准前，根据地区有关规定划分，如地区也无统一规定时，可参照下列原则划分：一般对生活用设备及属建(构)筑物有机组成的设备，如生活用锅炉，照明用电力变压器等，其设备费属工程直接费；生产用设备的设备费不属直接工程费，介于两者之间时，按设计文件指明的用途，以主要用途为划分标准。对某些现场组装或部分现场组装的生产设备，其现场组装部分可套用相应定额列入直接工程费，工程量不易划分时，可按百分比估算。属于直接工程费范畴的设备，其价值按主材方式处理，构成直接工程费，不属直接工程费范畴的设备，其价值一般不列进单位工程预算，如需列入时也不构成直接工程费，按独立费处理，不在计算其他费用。三、几项用系数计算的费用安装工程预算定额中把不便列项目的内容，如工程超高增加费、高层建筑增加费、脚手架搭拆费等，用规定的系数计算其费用。这些系数可分为子目系数和综合系数，它们列在各专业定额册的册说明中或定额总说明中。各册中的工程超高增加费系数、高层建筑增加费系数等均为子目系数。脚手架搭拆费系数、安装与生产同时进行增加费系数、在有害人身健康的环境中施工的增加费系数均是综合系数。子目系数是综合系数的计算基础。如果某一个工程同时要计取工程超高增加费、高层建筑增加费、脚手架搭拆费用时，则应先计取工程超高增加费、高层建筑增加费等子目系数，并将其中的人工费纳入脚手架搭拆费等综合系数的计算基数，再计算脚手架搭拆费等。上述两类系数计算所得的费用，均属于直接工程费的构成内容。（一）高层建筑增加费1、概念高层建筑增加费，是指在高层建筑（高度在6层或20m以上的工业与民用建筑）施工应增加的人工降效及材料垂直运输增加的人工费用。（1）高层建筑的定义newmeasurestopromotework,thecouragetotakeresponsibility,daretobreakhardtoensuredistrict,Governmentdecisionsandarrangementstoimplement.(B)strengtheningsupervision,severelypunishactsofviolation.Oneistoopenthechannelsofsupervision.Vigorouslypromotethepartyaffairspublic,open,widelyacceptedsupervisionbythemasses,payattentiontosocialgroupsandpublicopinionsupervision,thepowerfulforceformedtourgepartymembersandleadingcadresproperlyexercisetheirpowers.Second,strongsupervisionandinspection.Democraticlifeintofullplay,importantbriefings,reportsrelatedtopersonalmattersandevaluationofcadres"studyofinner-partysupervisorysystem,acomprehensivegraspofguidelinesfortheimplementationoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption-relatedcasesofleadingcadresofpartymembers,focusonstrengtheningkeyareasofprojectselection,funding,officialsmonitor,detectandrectifytheproblem,promotehonestyinpolitics.Third,strengthendisciplinaryinvestigation.SeriouslytheimplementationofJI...　Recently,theCountyleadingbodiesatthecountyleveltocarryout"threetrees"practice,whichistoimprovethegoverningabilityandpromotingthedevelopmentofXXeffectivemeasure.Icarefullyfollowyourdeploymentrequirements,andactivelyparticipateinthe"threetrees"campaign.ReadGroup,preparedbytheDepartmentinthenearfutureoftheideologicalandpoliticalconstructionofleadingcadresinthecityreader,readtherelevantinformation,largerharvest,inspired.Ithinktheabilityofrepellingistostrengthentheparty"sgoverningcapacityinquestionsoftheconstructionofmeaning,animportanttopicremainsinfrontofpartymembersandcadresatalllevels,weneedtofurtherexploreandponder.Theabilityofrepellingthenamesuggests,isaskingpartymembersandcadresatalllevelsinparticular,leadingcadresatalllevels,notonlyourselves,establishacorrectconceptoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption,politicalintegrity,self-discipline,rejectionofcorruption,madeforthepeople,pragmatic,honestleadership,andstrengthenthesenseofresponsibility,earnestlyimplementtheresponsibilityofuncorrupted,implementationofthebaoliananti-corruptionmeasurestoensuretherealizationofbusiness-building,constructionofawin-winsituation.Next,Icombinedwiththeirthinking,experienceandcontactXXpractical,onhowtoenhancetheabilityofrepelling,onfouraspectsofcognition.　　Irregularities,pleasecomment.First,theconstructionofthepropulsionsystem,andenhancethesystemofcorruptionsincethefoundingofourparty,havebeenthinkingabouttacklingcorruption.Currently,democraticlegalsystem,managementsystemandsupervisionmechanismisnotperfect,administrativeactsarenotverystandardized,Enterprisebehaviorandmarketbehavior,corruptionpresentsadiverse,pluralistic,complextrends,thisshiftthestrugglebetweenthetwo,willaccompany11 yuan,anincreaseof17.5%;localgovernmentgeneralbudgetrevenueof500millionYuan,...Painting,modelculturecreatesnewMaChurchcommunity,creatingLakescenicspotcultureeducationbase,receivedhighevaluationfromprovincialandmunicipaldisciplineInspectionCommission,thepeople"sdailyspecialreport.ConstantlypromoteindependentCommissionagainstcorruptioncultureconstructiontoruralextends,createdestablishedDahlinruralindustryParkindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionculturepositions,formedhasasupport"servicelowdoubleexcellent"ofmembersleadteam,constantlyperfectandestablishedParkfundsassetsmanagement,andvillageauditsupervision,andvillagersdemocraticfinancial,system,strengtheningParkparty,andChief,andfinancial,fullpublic,powerfultoguaranteeshasnewruralconstruction,bycityruralstylecleangovernmentinspectionunitledofheightevaluation.　　Throughtheimplementationofhonestandcleangovernmentculturalconstruction,andeffectivelyeducatethebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresandconsciouslyregulatedbehavioranddiscipline,honestyinpoliticsandculturetocreateagoodatmosphereandfreshdevelopmentenvironment.AlthoughweinimplementimplementationindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionguidelinesaspectsmadehasmusteffectiveness,butawayfromsuperiorofrequirementsalsoexistsmustofdistance,mainperformancefor:aissystemenoughsound,education,andsupervision,andprevention,andpunishment,aspectslong-termmechanismalsoenoughperfect,especiallyinenrollmentbidworkregulatoryaspectsalsoneededstrengthening;IIisregulatorysupervisionexistslostofYuwide,andlostofYusoft,investigationillegaldisciplinarycaseofeffortsalsoneededstrengthening,individualsectorandcadresalsodifferentdegreeexiststreatgift,nottobenefitsnotdo,andmessdoofphenomenon;Threeforhonestworkisthenewsituationsandnewproblemsinfindingtimelyenough,treatmentmeasuresarenotstrongenough.　　Tosolvetheseproblems,wewillproceedfromthefollowingfiveaspectsofrectification,makesuretoimplementtheprovisionsofthecode.(A)deepeningthelearning,enhancetheconsciousnessofhonestyinpolitics.TocreateeventasanopportunitytoExcelandlearningparty,furtherincreasingthegovernancecapabilityandadvancedconstruction,reinforcedrulesofthebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresawareness,senseofresponsibility,senseofhonor,improveworkingabilityandlevelofscientificdevelopment.Shouldmakefulluseofmeetings,inparticularcentralgrouplearningopportunity,furtherstrengtheningthestudyandeducationofthecode,theintensivewarningeducation,educationthemajorityofpartymembersandcadresknownfear,knewfear,honestyinpoliticsoftensionthestrings,consciousnessandenhancingtheimplementationoftheinitiative.　　Also,payattentiontoapplywhattheyhavelearned,consciouslystudyresultsintoplanningwork,newideas,在安装工程预算定额中，多层建筑超过6层（不含6层），或层数虽未超过6层但建筑物高度超过20m（不含20m）的，两个条件具备其一，即属高层建筑，可以计算高层建筑增加费。（2）建筑高度建筑高度是自设计室外地面算至檐口滴水的高度，不包括屋面水箱间、电梯间、女儿墙、屋面平台出入口等的高度。同一建筑物高度不同时，可按不同高度分别计算。2、计算规则以全部工程的人工费为基数乘以规定的系数计算。计算基数中含6层或20m以下工程部分，也包括地下室工程。3、高层建筑增加费系数各册定额规定的高层建筑增加费系数不相同，但都是根据建筑的层数和建筑物高度为指标设置的，选择系数时，应按照层数和高度两者中的高值确定。4、费用内容高层建筑增加费内容全部为因降效而增加的人工费。5、适用工程（1）电气设备安装工程，消防及安全防范设备安装工程，给排水、采暖、燃气工程，通风空调工程。（2）与（1）中工程配套的保温、防腐蚀、绝热工程。6、注意：为高层建筑供电的变电所和供水等动力工程，如装在高层建筑的底层或地下室的，不计取高层建筑增加费。装在6层以上的变配电和动力工程可以计取高层建筑增加费。（二）工程超高增加费1、概念当安装物或操作物的高度超过定额规定的安装高度时，可以计算工程超高增加费。安装高度的计算，有楼地面的按楼地面至安装物底的高度，无楼地面的按操作地面(或安装地点的设计地面)至安装工作物底的高度确定。定额规定的高度根据各专业工程的特点而不同。如电气设备安装工程中规定高度为5m，给排水、暖、燃气工程规定高度均为3.6m，通风空调工程规定高度为6m。2、计算规则以超过规定高度以上部分的工程人工费为基数乘以相应系数计算。规定高度以下部分的工程人费不作为计算基数。3、超高费系数预算定额中规定的各专业工程的超高系数是不同的，使用时一定要根据各定额册的规定正确选择。4、费用内容工程超高增加费内容全部为因降效而增加的人工费。5、适用范围（1）电气设备安装工程、消防及安全防范设备安装工程，给排水、采暖、燃气工程，通风空调工程。（2）与以上工程配套的保温、防腐蚀、绝热工程。6、注意事项（1）已在定额基价中考虑了超高作业因素的定额项目不得再计算超高增加费。如10kV以下架空配电线路、避雷针的安装，半导体少长针消雷装置安装，路灯、投光灯、气灯、烟囱或水塔指示灯装饰灯具的安装等。（2）在高层建筑中，如同时符合超高施工条件的，可同时计算高层建筑增加费和超高增加费。但两项增加费同属子目系数，计算时不互为计算基数。（3）在计算工程量之前，必须首先确定操作物的操作高度是否有超过定额规定，如果有超过规定高度的，则规定高度上下的工程量应分别计算。（三）脚手架搭拆费1、计算规则newmeasurestopromotework,thecouragetotakeresponsibility,daretobreakhardtoensuredistrict,Governmentdecisionsandarrangementstoimplement.(B)strengtheningsupervision,severelypunishactsofviolation.Oneistoopenthechannelsofsupervision.Vigorouslypromotethepartyaffairspublic,open,widelyacceptedsupervisionbythemasses,payattentiontosocialgroupsandpublicopinionsupervision,thepowerfulforceformedtourgepartymembersandleadingcadresproperlyexercisetheirpowers.Second,strongsupervisionandinspection.Democraticlifeintofullplay,importantbriefings,reportsrelatedtopersonalmattersandevaluationofcadres"studyofinner-partysupervisorysystem,acomprehensivegraspofguidelinesfortheimplementationoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption-relatedcasesofleadingcadresofpartymembers,focusonstrengtheningkeyareasofprojectselection,funding,officialsmonitor,detectandrectifytheproblem,promotehonestyinpolitics.Third,strengthendisciplinaryinvestigation.SeriouslytheimplementationofJI...　Recently,theCountyleadingbodiesatthecountyleveltocarryout"threetrees"practice,whichistoimprovethegoverningabilityandpromotingthedevelopmentofXXeffectivemeasure.Icarefullyfollowyourdeploymentrequirements,andactivelyparticipateinthe"threetrees"campaign.ReadGroup,preparedbytheDepartmentinthenearfutureoftheideologicalandpoliticalconstructionofleadingcadresinthecityreader,readtherelevantinformation,largerharvest,inspired.Ithinktheabilityofrepellingistostrengthentheparty"sgoverningcapacityinquestionsoftheconstructionofmeaning,animportanttopicremainsinfrontofpartymembersandcadresatalllevels,weneedtofurtherexploreandponder.Theabilityofrepellingthenamesuggests,isaskingpartymembersandcadresatalllevelsinparticular,leadingcadresatalllevels,notonlyourselves,establishacorrectconceptoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption,politicalintegrity,self-discipline,rejectionofcorruption,madeforthepeople,pragmatic,honestleadership,andstrengthenthesenseofresponsibility,earnestlyimplementtheresponsibilityofuncorrupted,implementationofthebaoliananti-corruptionmeasurestoensuretherealizationofbusiness-building,constructionofawin-winsituation.Next,Icombinedwiththeirthinking,experienceandcontactXXpractical,onhowtoenhancetheabilityofrepelling,onfouraspectsofcognition.　　Irregularities,pleasecomment.First,theconstructionofthepropulsionsystem,andenhancethesystemofcorruptionsincethefoundingofourparty,havebeenthinkingabouttacklingcorruption.Currently,democraticlegalsystem,managementsystemandsupervisionmechanismisnotperfect,administrativeactsarenotverystandardized,Enterprisebehaviorandmarketbehavior,corruptionpresentsadiverse,pluralistic,complextrends,thisshiftthestrugglebetweenthetwo,willaccompany11 yuan,anincreaseof17.5%;localgovernmentgeneralbudgetrevenueof500millionYuan,...Painting,modelculturecreatesnewMaChurchcommunity,creatingLakescenicspotcultureeducationbase,receivedhighevaluationfromprovincialandmunicipaldisciplineInspectionCommission,thepeople"sdailyspecialreport.ConstantlypromoteindependentCommissionagainstcorruptioncultureconstructiontoruralextends,createdestablishedDahlinruralindustryParkindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionculturepositions,formedhasasupport"servicelowdoubleexcellent"ofmembersleadteam,constantlyperfectandestablishedParkfundsassetsmanagement,andvillageauditsupervision,andvillagersdemocraticfinancial,system,strengtheningParkparty,andChief,andfinancial,fullpublic,powerfultoguaranteeshasnewruralconstruction,bycityruralstylecleangovernmentinspectionunitledofheightevaluation.　　Throughtheimplementationofhonestandcleangovernmentculturalconstruction,andeffectivelyeducatethebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresandconsciouslyregulatedbehavioranddiscipline,honestyinpoliticsandculturetocreateagoodatmosphereandfreshdevelopmentenvironment.AlthoughweinimplementimplementationindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionguidelinesaspectsmadehasmusteffectiveness,butawayfromsuperiorofrequirementsalsoexistsmustofdistance,mainperformancefor:aissystemenoughsound,education,andsupervision,andprevention,andpunishment,aspectslong-termmechanismalsoenoughperfect,especiallyinenrollmentbidworkregulatoryaspectsalsoneededstrengthening;IIisregulatorysupervisionexistslostofYuwide,andlostofYusoft,investigationillegaldisciplinarycaseofeffortsalsoneededstrengthening,individualsectorandcadresalsodifferentdegreeexiststreatgift,nottobenefitsnotdo,andmessdoofphenomenon;Threeforhonestworkisthenewsituationsandnewproblemsinfindingtimelyenough,treatmentmeasuresarenotstrongenough.　　Tosolvetheseproblems,wewillproceedfromthefollowingfiveaspectsofrectification,makesuretoimplementtheprovisionsofthecode.(A)deepeningthelearning,enhancetheconsciousnessofhonestyinpolitics.TocreateeventasanopportunitytoExcelandlearningparty,furtherincreasingthegovernancecapabilityandadvancedconstruction,reinforcedrulesofthebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresawareness,senseofresponsibility,senseofhonor,improveworkingabilityandlevelofscientificdevelopment.Shouldmakefulluseofmeetings,inparticularcentralgrouplearningopportunity,furtherstrengtheningthestudyandeducationofthecode,theintensivewarningeducation,educationthemajorityofpartymembersandcadresknownfear,knewfear,honestyinpoliticsoftensionthestrings,consciousnessandenhancingtheimplementationoftheinitiative.　　Also,payattentiontoapplywhattheyhavelearned,consciouslystudyresultsintoplanningwork,newideas,安装工程脚手架搭拆费用，以全部工程人工费（含子目系数人工费用）为计算基数乘以脚手架搭拆费系数计算。2、脚手架搭拆费系数各册定额规定的脚手架搭拆费系数不相同。如电气设备安装工程规定：脚手架搭拆费按人工费4％计算，其中人工工资占25％。给排水、采暖、燃气工程规定：脚手架搭拆费按人工费的5％计算，其中人工工资占25％。通风空调工程规定：脚手架搭拆费按人工费的3％计算，其中人工工资占25％。3、费用内容脚手架搭拆费包括搭拆脚手架所需的人工费、材料费等，人工费占25％。4、注意各专业工程交叉作业施工时，可以互相利用脚手架的因素，在测算系数时已扣除可以重复利用的因素。各专业工程分别按照各册规定的系数计算脚手架搭拆费。测算脚手架搭拆费时，大部分是按简易架考虑的。如果安装工程部分或全部利用土建工程的脚手架，脚手架搭拆费照列，但对土建应作有偿使用。定额中已考虑了脚手架搭拆因素的项目不再计算脚手架搭拆费，如10KV以下架空线路、装灯具等。［例3－3］设某工程共l5层（总高度48.6m），其中底层层高6m，其余层高均为3m，经计算该楼电气照明工程的直接工程费（不含各项调整系数）为元，其中人工费15000元，底层照明直接工程费用25000元，其中人工费6000元，底层安装高度超过5m的直接工程费用5000元，其中人工费2000元（不包括装饰灯具安装的直接工程费用和人工费），试计算各项系数增加费。［解］1．计算超高施工增加费计算条件：该工程底层层高6m，超过5m以上部分有照明工程，符合电气照明工程计算超高费的条件。计算基数：底层超过5m以上的工程人工费2000元，其余各层未超高，不计算此项费用。计算系数：按照电气安装工程定额分册的规定：操作物高度离楼地面5m以上、20m以下电气安装工程，按超高部分人工费的33％计算(已考虑了超高作业因素的项目除外)。即：工程超高增加费＝2000×33％=660（元）2、计算高层建筑增加费计算条件：该工程共15层，超过6层；或总高度48.6m，超过20m，符合计算高层建筑增加费的条件。计算基数：工程全部人工费15000元计算系数：电气照明工程15层（50m）以下，高层建筑增加费系数为4％。即：高层建筑增加费：15000×4％=600（元）3．计算脚手架搭拆费计算条件：电气安装工程中的脚手架搭拆费计算，除了定额内已考虑了此项因素的项目外，其他项目可以综合计取。计算基数：（1）工程全部人工费15000元（2）超高增加费660元（3）高层建筑增加费600元计算系数：电气照明工程脚手架搭拆费按人工费的4％计算，其中人工工资占25％。即：脚手架搭拆费；（15000+660+600）×4％=650.4（元）其中人工费：650.4×25％=162.6（元）4．计算直接工程费合计已知：（1）直接工程费用(不含各项调整系数)为元，其中人工费15000元（2）超高增加费660元（3）高层建筑增加费600元（4）脚手架搭拆费650.4元，其中人工费162.6元所以：newmeasurestopromotework,thecouragetotakeresponsibility,daretobreakhardtoensuredistrict,Governmentdecisionsandarrangementstoimplement.(B)strengtheningsupervision,severelypunishactsofviolation.Oneistoopenthechannelsofsupervision.Vigorouslypromotethepartyaffairspublic,open,widelyacceptedsupervisionbythemasses,payattentiontosocialgroupsandpublicopinionsupervision,thepowerfulforceformedtourgepartymembersandleadingcadresproperlyexercisetheirpowers.Second,strongsupervisionandinspection.Democraticlifeintofullplay,importantbriefings,reportsrelatedtopersonalmattersandevaluationofcadres"studyofinner-partysupervisorysystem,acomprehensivegraspofguidelinesfortheimplementationoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption-relatedcasesofleadingcadresofpartymembers,focusonstrengtheningkeyareasofprojectselection,funding,officialsmonitor,detectandrectifytheproblem,promotehonestyinpolitics.Third,strengthendisciplinaryinvestigation.SeriouslytheimplementationofJI...　Recently,theCountyleadingbodiesatthecountyleveltocarryout"threetrees"practice,whichistoimprovethegoverningabilityandpromotingthedevelopmentofXXeffectivemeasure.Icarefullyfollowyourdeploymentrequirements,andactivelyparticipateinthe"threetrees"campaign.ReadGroup,preparedbytheDepartmentinthenearfutureoftheideologicalandpoliticalconstructionofleadingcadresinthecityreader,readtherelevantinformation,largerharvest,inspired.Ithinktheabilityofrepellingistostrengthentheparty"sgoverningcapacityinquestionsoftheconstructionofmeaning,animportanttopicremainsinfrontofpartymembersandcadresatalllevels,weneedtofurtherexploreandponder.Theabilityofrepellingthenamesuggests,isaskingpartymembersandcadresatalllevelsinparticular,leadingcadresatalllevels,notonlyourselves,establishacorrectconceptoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption,politicalintegrity,self-discipline,rejectionofcorruption,madeforthepeople,pragmatic,honestleadership,andstrengthenthesenseofresponsibility,earnestlyimplementtheresponsibilityofuncorrupted,implementationofthebaoliananti-corruptionmeasurestoensuretherealizationofbusiness-building,constructionofawin-winsituation.Next,Icombinedwiththeirthinking,experienceandcontactXXpractical,onhowtoenhancetheabilityofrepelling,onfouraspectsofcognition.　　Irregularities,pleasecomment.First,theconstructionofthepropulsionsystem,andenhancethesystemofcorruptionsincethefoundingofourparty,havebeenthinkingabouttacklingcorruption.Currently,democraticlegalsystem,managementsystemandsupervisionmechanismisnotperfect,administrativeactsarenotverystandardized,Enterprisebehaviorandmarketbehavior,corruptionpresentsadiverse,pluralistic,complextrends,thisshiftthestrugglebetweenthetwo,willaccompany11 yuan,anincreaseof17.5%;localgovernmentgeneralbudgetrevenueof500millionYuan,...Painting,modelculturecreatesnewMaChurchcommunity,creatingLakescenicspotcultureeducationbase,receivedhighevaluationfromprovincialandmunicipaldisciplineInspectionCommission,thepeople"sdailyspecialreport.ConstantlypromoteindependentCommissionagainstcorruptioncultureconstructiontoruralextends,createdestablishedDahlinruralindustryParkindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionculturepositions,formedhasasupport"servicelowdoubleexcellent"ofmembersleadteam,constantlyperfectandestablishedParkfundsassetsmanagement,andvillageauditsupervision,andvillagersdemocraticfinancial,system,strengtheningParkparty,andChief,andfinancial,fullpublic,powerfultoguaranteeshasnewruralconstruction,bycityruralstylecleangovernmentinspectionunitledofheightevaluation.　　Throughtheimplementationofhonestandcleangovernmentculturalconstruction,andeffectivelyeducatethebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresandconsciouslyregulatedbehavioranddiscipline,honestyinpoliticsandculturetocreateagoodatmosphereandfreshdevelopmentenvironment.AlthoughweinimplementimplementationindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionguidelinesaspectsmadehasmusteffectiveness,butawayfromsuperiorofrequirementsalsoexistsmustofdistance,mainperformancefor:aissystemenoughsound,education,andsupervision,andprevention,andpunishment,aspectslong-termmechanismalsoenoughperfect,especiallyinenrollmentbidworkregulatoryaspectsalsoneededstrengthening;IIisregulatorysupervisionexistslostofYuwide,andlostofYusoft,investigationillegaldisciplinarycaseofeffortsalsoneededstrengthening,individualsectorandcadresalsodifferentdegreeexiststreatgift,nottobenefitsnotdo,andmessdoofphenomenon;Threeforhonestworkisthenewsituationsandnewproblemsinfindingtimelyenough,treatmentmeasuresarenotstrongenough.　　Tosolvetheseproblems,wewillproceedfromthefollowingfiveaspectsofrectification,makesuretoimplementtheprovisionsofthecode.(A)deepeningthelearning,enhancetheconsciousnessofhonestyinpolitics.TocreateeventasanopportunitytoExcelandlearningparty,furtherincreasingthegovernancecapabilityandadvancedconstruction,reinforcedrulesofthebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresawareness,senseofresponsibility,senseofhonor,improveworkingabilityandlevelofscientificdevelopment.Shouldmakefulluseofmeetings,inparticularcentralgrouplearningopportunity,furtherstrengtheningthestudyandeducationofthecode,theintensivewarningeducation,educationthemajorityofpartymembersandcadresknownfear,knewfear,honestyinpoliticsoftensionthestrings,consciousnessandenhancingtheimplementationoftheinitiative.　　Also,payattentiontoapplywhattheyhavelearned,consciouslystudyresultsintoplanningwork,newideas,直接工程费合计：＋660＋600＋650.4＝.4（元）其中人工费：15000＋660＋600＋162.6＝16422.6（元）（四）安装与生产同时进行增加费安装与生产同时进行增加费，是指改扩建工程在生产车间或装置内施工时，由于生产干扰安装工程正常进行而降效的增加费，不包括劳保条例规定应享受的工种保健费。取费形式是以工程全部人工费（包括子目系数中人工费）为基数乘以相应增加费率计算。（五）在有害人身健康环境中施工增加费在有害人身健康环境中施工增加费，是指改扩建工程在生产车间或装置内施工时，影响工人身体而降效的增加费，不包括劳保条例规定应享受的工种保健费。取费形式是以工程全部人工费（包括子目系数中人工费）为基数乘以相应增加费率计算。注意，（三）、（四）、（五）项增加费系数属综合系数，其计算基数应包括（一）、（二）项子目系数中的人工费。四、定额子目内容的调整换算预算定额的定额含量与定额基价，在一般情况下都可直接套用，但在某些因素影响下，尚需按照定额规定对原定额含量与基价进行调整与换算。调整换算有下面两种形式：（一）调整量差这是指调整原定额的用量，调整后出现的数量差称为定额量差；在预算定额中调整定额量差一般采用下列方法：1、系数调整法即在原定额与基价基础上乘上一个规定系数，一般用于成比例增减的项目。当系数用于一个子目的全部定额含量与基价时，调整后的定额含量与基价可用下式计算：调整后定额含量(基价)＝原定额含量(基价)×调整系数当系数仅用于子目中的部分定额含量时，调整后的定额含量与基价，须按下式计算：调整增减部分定额含量＝原部分定额含量×调整系数调整后的定额基价＝原定额基价十［部分定额含量的原费用×（调整系数－1）］［例3－4］电气工程户内干包式铝芯电力电缆终端头制作、安装，1kV以下线芯截面35mm2以下的，套用定额子目2—626，计量单位为个，定额基价79.91元，其中人工费12.77元、材料费67.14元、机械费无。定额规定当设计为铜芯电缆头时，按同截面电缆头定额乘以系数1.2。试求调整后定额基价。［解］本例系数1.2用于整个定额基价，故调整后定额基价＝79.91×1.2＝95.89（元／个）［例3－5］当上例中设计为双屏蔽电缆头制作、安装时，定额规定按同截面电缆头定额仅人工乘以系数1.05。试求调整后定额基价。［解］本例因系数1.05仅调整人工费，故调整后定额基价＝79.91＋［12.77×（1.05－1）］＝79.91十0.64＝80.55（元／个）2、数量增减法即在原定额含量基础上增加或减少一个数量。调整后的定额基价可按下式计算：调整后定额基价＝原定额基价+（调整部分增减量×相应单价）由以上分析可知定额量差必然影响到定额基价的调整，这种由量差引起的基价差仍属定额量差。（二）换算价差这是指设计采用的材料(设备)等或施工采用的施工机械，其品种、规格、材质与定额不同，按定额规定须作的单价换算，换算后出现的价格差称为定额价差。调整后的定额基价可按下式计算：换算后定额基价＝原定额基价十(调入材质单价－定额材质单价)×定额含量应用上式计算时，当差数为正值表示增加费用，负值表示减少费用。如遇量差与价差同时存在，则须既调整定额量差又换算定额价差，则：调整后定额基价＝原定额基价十(调整部分增减量×相应单价)＋（调入材质单价－定额材质单价）×定额含量newmeasurestopromotework,thecouragetotakeresponsibility,daretobreakhardtoensuredistrict,Governmentdecisionsandarrangementstoimplement.(B)strengtheningsupervision,severelypunishactsofviolation.Oneistoopenthechannelsofsupervision.Vigorouslypromotethepartyaffairspublic,open,widelyacceptedsupervisionbythemasses,payattentiontosocialgroupsandpublicopinionsupervision,thepowerfulforceformedtourgepartymembersandleadingcadresproperlyexercisetheirpowers.Second,strongsupervisionandinspection.Democraticlifeintofullplay,importantbriefings,reportsrelatedtopersonalmattersandevaluationofcadres"studyofinner-partysupervisorysystem,acomprehensivegraspofguidelinesfortheimplementationoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption-relatedcasesofleadingcadresofpartymembers,focusonstrengtheningkeyareasofprojectselection,funding,officialsmonitor,detectandrectifytheproblem,promotehonestyinpolitics.Third,strengthendisciplinaryinvestigation.SeriouslytheimplementationofJI...　Recently,theCountyleadingbodiesatthecountyleveltocarryout"threetrees"practice,whichistoimprovethegoverningabilityandpromotingthedevelopmentofXXeffectivemeasure.Icarefullyfollowyourdeploymentrequirements,andactivelyparticipateinthe"threetrees"campaign.ReadGroup,preparedbytheDepartmentinthenearfutureoftheideologicalandpoliticalconstructionofleadingcadresinthecityreader,readtherelevantinformation,largerharvest,inspired.Ithinktheabilityofrepellingistostrengthentheparty"sgoverningcapacityinquestionsoftheconstructionofmeaning,animportanttopicremainsinfrontofpartymembersandcadresatalllevels,weneedtofurtherexploreandponder.Theabilityofrepellingthenamesuggests,isaskingpartymembersandcadresatalllevelsinparticular,leadingcadresatalllevels,notonlyourselves,establishacorrectconceptoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption,politicalintegrity,self-discipline,rejectionofcorruption,madeforthepeople,pragmatic,honestleadership,andstrengthenthesenseofresponsibility,earnestlyimplementtheresponsibilityofuncorrupted,implementationofthebaoliananti-corruptionmeasurestoensuretherealizationofbusiness-building,constructionofawin-winsituation.Next,Icombinedwiththeirthinking,experienceandcontactXXpractical,onhowtoenhancetheabilityofrepelling,onfouraspectsofcognition.　　Irregularities,pleasecomment.First,theconstructionofthepropulsionsystem,andenhancethesystemofcorruptionsincethefoundingofourparty,havebeenthinkingabouttacklingcorruption.Currently,democraticlegalsystem,managementsystemandsupervisionmechanismisnotperfect,administrativeactsarenotverystandardized,Enterprisebehaviorandmarketbehavior,corruptionpresentsadiverse,pluralistic,complextrends,thisshiftthestrugglebetweenthetwo,willaccompany11 yuan,anincreaseof17.5%;localgovernmentgeneralbudgetrevenueof500millionYuan,...Painting,modelculturecreatesnewMaChurchcommunity,creatingLakescenicspotcultureeducationbase,receivedhighevaluationfromprovincialandmunicipaldisciplineInspectionCommission,thepeople"sdailyspecialreport.ConstantlypromoteindependentCommissionagainstcorruptioncultureconstructiontoruralextends,createdestablishedDahlinruralindustryParkindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionculturepositions,formedhasasupport"servicelowdoubleexcellent"ofmembersleadteam,constantlyperfectandestablishedParkfundsassetsmanagement,andvillageauditsupervision,andvillagersdemocraticfinancial,system,strengtheningParkparty,andChief,andfinancial,fullpublic,powerfultoguaranteeshasnewruralconstruction,bycityruralstylecleangovernmentinspectionunitledofheightevaluation.　　Throughtheimplementationofhonestandcleangovernmentculturalconstruction,andeffectivelyeducatethebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresandconsciouslyregulatedbehavioranddiscipline,honestyinpoliticsandculturetocreateagoodatmosphereandfreshdevelopmentenvironment.AlthoughweinimplementimplementationindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionguidelinesaspectsmadehasmusteffectiveness,butawayfromsuperiorofrequirementsalsoexistsmustofdistance,mainperformancefor:aissystemenoughsound,education,andsupervision,andprevention,andpunishment,aspectslong-termmechanismalsoenoughperfect,especiallyinenrollmentbidworkregulatoryaspectsalsoneededstrengthening;IIisregulatorysupervisionexistslostofYuwide,andlostofYusoft,investigationillegaldisciplinarycaseofeffortsalsoneededstrengthening,individualsectorandcadresalsodifferentdegreeexiststreatgift,nottobenefitsnotdo,andmessdoofphenomenon;Threeforhonestworkisthenewsituationsandnewproblemsinfindingtimelyenough,treatmentmeasuresarenotstrongenough.　　Tosolvetheseproblems,wewillproceedfromthefollowingfiveaspectsofrectification,makesuretoimplementtheprovisionsofthecode.(A)deepeningthelearning,enhancetheconsciousnessofhonestyinpolitics.TocreateeventasanopportunitytoExcelandlearningparty,furtherincreasingthegovernancecapabilityandadvancedconstruction,reinforcedrulesofthebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresawareness,senseofresponsibility,senseofhonor,improveworkingabilityandlevelofscientificdevelopment.Shouldmakefulluseofmeetings,inparticularcentralgrouplearningopportunity,furtherstrengtheningthestudyandeducationofthecode,theintensivewarningeducation,educationthemajorityofpartymembersandcadresknownfear,knewfear,honestyinpoliticsoftensionthestrings,consciousnessandenhancingtheimplementationoftheinitiative.　　Also,payattentiontoapplywhattheyhavelearned,consciouslystudyresultsintoplanningwork,newideas,五、材料价格补差为适应社会主义市场经济，各地的工程造价管理部门，对当地的建筑安装材料价格均实现了反映市场变化的动态管理方法。1、材料价差的形成材料价差是指预算定额基价所依据的材料预算价格与安装工程所在地的现行材料预算价格之间的差异。主要包括地区差价和时间差价。由于预算定额或单位估价表基价中的材料费，是按北京市或各省会城市所在地的材料预算价格编制计算的。而各安装工程所在地的材料预算价格又各不相同，因此就产生了材料预算价格的地区差价。预算定额或单位估价表基价中的材料费，是编制定额时所在地的预算价格，由于随着时间的推移发生材料预算价格的变化，这样就产生了材料预算价格的时间差价。2、材料价格补差的方法材料价格补差，目前主要有下列两种形式：（1）按单项材料补差即通过主要材料汇总分别乘以单位差价得出单位工程合计价差，计算式如下：单位工程材料价差＝∑(单项材料数量×相应单位差价)式中，材料单位差价：调整后材料单价－原单价。注意，补差时调整单价的取定应符合地区工程造价管理部门的规定。各地大多数规定材料单位差价为市场信息价与预算价之差，即材料单位差价＝市场信息价－预算价在市场经济条件下，材料价差可以是正差也可以是负差。在计算材料价差时，凡是定额列有损耗率的材料，其价差应包括定额损耗。［例3－6］某电气照明工程安装280套荧光灯具，定额计量单位为10套，定额含量为（10.100），设灯具预算价为32.04元／套，现市场信息价为37.49元／套。试求灯具的价差。［解］1、荧光灯具数量＝280×10.1＝282.8（套）2、市场信息价与预算价之差：37.49－32.04＝5.45(元／套)3、荧光灯具差价＝282.8×5.45＝1541.26（元）（2）按系数补差大宗材料、地方材料或定额中辅助材料，因品种规格太多，而用量也不是太大，不可能逐项调整。由当地定额管理部门或工程造价管理部门按典型工程的材料消耗用量和价格测算出一个综合价差系数，进行综合性价差调整。这种方法简便、快捷，由于综合性太大，也不够准确，在没有价格信息网络和信息处理手段情况下，也是一种既方便且简捷的调差方法，所以当前各地均采用。价格指数调差。如果有材料价格信息网络，也有信息处理手段，即可用价格指数调差法。这种价差调整方法可随市场波动而对材料价格进行动态管理，它既能反映材料价格变化，又能准确反映工程造价中的材料费用。材料价格补差情况比较复杂，各地区补差方法不尽相同，编制预算时应按照各地的规定执行。第四讲安装工程施工图预算书的编制施工图预算书的编制主要包括两方面的内容，工程量计算和造价的计算。在完成安装工程分项工程量计算后，就可着手编制工程预算书，它是工程预算价格的最终表现形式。由于安装工程各专业的分项工程量计算方法存在很大差异，所以各专业的分项工程量计算方法将在后面的章中详细介绍，本讲只介绍安装工程预算书的一般编制方法，使同学们对施工图预算书有个完整的概念。一份完整的安装工程预算书应由封面、编制说明、费用汇总表、工程预算表、主要材料（设备）数量汇总表、主要材料（设备）价格调整表、工程量计算书等组成。一、预算书封面一般要写明工程的名称、结构类型、经济技术指标、编制信息等二、编制说明安装工程预算书的说明部分一般包括以下内容：newmeasurestopromotework,thecouragetotakeresponsibility,daretobreakhardtoensuredistrict,Governmentdecisionsandarrangementstoimplement.(B)strengtheningsupervision,severelypunishactsofviolation.Oneistoopenthechannelsofsupervision.Vigorouslypromotethepartyaffairspublic,open,widelyacceptedsupervisionbythemasses,payattentiontosocialgroupsandpublicopinionsupervision,thepowerfulforceformedtourgepartymembersandleadingcadresproperlyexercisetheirpowers.Second,strongsupervisionandinspection.Democraticlifeintofullplay,importantbriefings,reportsrelatedtopersonalmattersandevaluationofcadres"studyofinner-partysupervisorysystem,acomprehensivegraspofguidelinesfortheimplementationoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption-relatedcasesofleadingcadresofpartymembers,focusonstrengtheningkeyareasofprojectselection,funding,officialsmonitor,detectandrectifytheproblem,promotehonestyinpolitics.Third,strengthendisciplinaryinvestigation.SeriouslytheimplementationofJI...　Recently,theCountyleadingbodiesatthecountyleveltocarryout"threetrees"practice,whichistoimprovethegoverningabilityandpromotingthedevelopmentofXXeffectivemeasure.Icarefullyfollowyourdeploymentrequirements,andactivelyparticipateinthe"threetrees"campaign.ReadGroup,preparedbytheDepartmentinthenearfutureoftheideologicalandpoliticalconstructionofleadingcadresinthecityreader,readtherelevantinformation,largerharvest,inspired.Ithinktheabilityofrepellingistostrengthentheparty"sgoverningcapacityinquestionsoftheconstructionofmeaning,animportanttopicremainsinfrontofpartymembersandcadresatalllevels,weneedtofurtherexploreandponder.Theabilityofrepellingthenamesuggests,isaskingpartymembersandcadresatalllevelsinparticular,leadingcadresatalllevels,notonlyourselves,establishacorrectconceptoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption,politicalintegrity,self-discipline,rejectionofcorruption,madeforthepeople,pragmatic,honestleadership,andstrengthenthesenseofresponsibility,earnestlyimplementtheresponsibilityofuncorrupted,implementationofthebaoliananti-corruptionmeasurestoensuretherealizationofbusiness-building,constructionofawin-winsituation.Next,Icombinedwiththeirthinking,experienceandcontactXXpractical,onhowtoenhancetheabilityofrepelling,onfouraspectsofcognition.　　Irregularities,pleasecomment.First,theconstructionofthepropulsionsystem,andenhancethesystemofcorruptionsincethefoundingofourparty,havebeenthinkingabouttacklingcorruption.Currently,democraticlegalsystem,managementsystemandsupervisionmechanismisnotperfect,administrativeactsarenotverystandardized,Enterprisebehaviorandmarketbehavior,corruptionpresentsadiverse,pluralistic,complextrends,thisshiftthestrugglebetweenthetwo,willaccompany11 yuan,anincreaseof17.5%;localgovernmentgeneralbudgetrevenueof500millionYuan,...Painting,modelculturecreatesnewMaChurchcommunity,creatingLakescenicspotcultureeducationbase,receivedhighevaluationfromprovincialandmunicipaldisciplineInspectionCommission,thepeople"sdailyspecialreport.ConstantlypromoteindependentCommissionagainstcorruptioncultureconstructiontoruralextends,createdestablishedDahlinruralindustryParkindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionculturepositions,formedhasasupport"servicelowdoubleexcellent"ofmembersleadteam,constantlyperfectandestablishedParkfundsassetsmanagement,andvillageauditsupervision,andvillagersdemocraticfinancial,system,strengtheningParkparty,andChief,andfinancial,fullpublic,powerfultoguaranteeshasnewruralconstruction,bycityruralstylecleangovernmentinspectionunitledofheightevaluation.　　Throughtheimplementationofhonestandcleangovernmentculturalconstruction,andeffectivelyeducatethebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresandconsciouslyregulatedbehavioranddiscipline,honestyinpoliticsandculturetocreateagoodatmosphereandfreshdevelopmentenvironment.AlthoughweinimplementimplementationindependentCommissionagainstcorruptionguidelinesaspectsmadehasmusteffectiveness,butawayfromsuperiorofrequirementsalsoexistsmustofdistance,mainperformancefor:aissystemenoughsound,education,andsupervision,andprevention,andpunishment,aspectslong-termmechanismalsoenoughperfect,especiallyinenrollmentbidworkregulatoryaspectsalsoneededstrengthening;IIisregulatorysupervisionexistslostofYuwide,andlostofYusoft,investigationillegaldisciplinarycaseofeffortsalsoneededstrengthening,individualsectorandcadresalsodifferentdegreeexiststreatgift,nottobenefitsnotdo,andmessdoofphenomenon;Threeforhonestworkisthenewsituationsandnewproblemsinfindingtimelyenough,treatmentmeasuresarenotstrongenough.　　Tosolvetheseproblems,wewillproceedfromthefollowingfiveaspectsofrectification,makesuretoimplementtheprovisionsofthecode.(A)deepeningthelearning,enhancetheconsciousnessofhonestyinpolitics.TocreateeventasanopportunitytoExcelandlearningparty,furtherincreasingthegovernancecapabilityandadvancedconstruction,reinforcedrulesofthebroadmassesofpartymembersandcadresawareness,senseofresponsibility,senseofhonor,improveworkingabilityandlevelofscientificdevelopment.Shouldmakefulluseofmeetings,inparticularcentralgrouplearningopportunity,furtherstrengtheningthestudyandeducationofthecode,theintensivewarningeducation,educationthemajorityofpartymembersandcadresknownfear,knewfear,honestyinpoliticsoftensionthestrings,consciousnessandenhancingtheimplementationoftheinitiative.　　Also,payattentiontoapplywhattheyhavelearned,consciouslystudyresultsintoplanningwork,newideas,1、工程概况主要填写所建工程的批准文件、工程坐落位置、建筑许可证、工程结构类型、工程类别以及投资渠道等。2、编制依据包括编制所依据的施工图纸、会审纪要、变更联系单、施工组织设计；采用的预算定额、材料预算价格、单位估价汇总表和费用定额等。3、其他有关说明主要对预算中特殊问题处理的说明，如某些项目因资料不全未纳入预算，或采用暂估形式需在决算时调整，以及实行预算加系数包干或招标投标某些条件的说明等。三、费用汇总表按照规定的施工图预算计费程序，依据工程人工费，按间接费用、利润、税金等的计算规定，依次计算出整个工程的总造价。四、工程预算表工程预算表是反映分项工程预算单价的表式，表中内容包括分项工程定额编号、工程量、定额单价和分项直接工程费合计。分项直接工程费合计，是由每一个分项工程直接费之和构成，计算公式是：分项工程直接费合计＝∑（分项定额基价＋未计价材料单价）×分项工程量＝∑（分项定额基价×工程量＋未计价主材单位价值×工程量）＝∑(分项定额人工单价＋分项定额材料单价＋分项定额机械单价)×工程量＋未计价主材单位价值×工程量）＝∑（分项工程人工费＋分项工程定额材料费＋分项工程机械费+分项工程主材费）如果发生按定额系数计取的费用，应按规定计取，其费用并入直接工程费中。编制直接工程费应注意的问题：1、属于预算定额范围的工程费均应列入直接工程费，包括按分项工程计算的直接费，经调整换算的直接费、章册说明中规定的各项增加费等。2、分项直接费中项目的排列顺序，没有统一规定，以便于整理、计算和避免重复和漏项为原则，一般以定额子目编号的顺序排列。3、分项名称一般应填全名，如“铜芯塑料护套线3×2.5砖混结构敷设”等，如名称太长可适当缩写或用符号表示，如BVV－3×2.5，BV－2.5等，以能反映定额项目和易于识读为度。4、每一分项都要填写定额编号，直接套用的可直接填写定额编号或估价表编号，经过调整换算的分项应在编号后注“换（H）”字，补充定额与单价或暂估项目，应填明“补”或“暂估”以便识别。五、主要材料(设备)数量汇总表主要材料(设备)数量汇总表是反映工程实物预算的表式。它的主要作用是编制计划、准备材料（设备）、工程施工方与业主结算重要材料(设备)指标及材料(设备)补差等的依据。表中：分项工程某材料(设备)数量＝定额消耗量×工程量。六、主要材料(设备)价格调整表根据主要材料(设备)数量汇总表中的材料数量，根据材料预算价格与材料市场价格的差值逐项对主要材料进行价差调整。七、工程量计算表工程量的计算要用一定的表式进行，最后汇总成册，用以备查。工程预算书表格格式可课后查看本章学习资料。newmeasurestopromotework,thecouragetotakeresponsibility,daretobreakhardtoensuredistrict,Governmentdecisionsandarrangementstoimplement.(B)strengtheningsupervision,severelypunishactsofviolation.Oneistoopenthechannelsofsupervision.Vigorouslypromotethepartyaffairspublic,open,widelyacceptedsupervisionbythemasses,payattentiontosocialgroupsandpublicopinionsupervision,thepowerfulforceformedtourgepartymembersandleadingcadresproperlyexercisetheirpowers.Second,strongsupervisionandinspection.Democraticlifeintofullplay,importantbriefings,reportsrelatedtopersonalmattersandevaluationofcadres"studyofinner-partysupervisorysystem,acomprehensivegraspofguidelinesfortheimplementationoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption-relatedcasesofleadingcadresofpartymembers,focusonstrengtheningkeyareasofprojectselection,funding,officialsmonitor,detectandrectifytheproblem,promotehonestyinpolitics.Third,strengthendisciplinaryinvestigation.SeriouslytheimplementationofJI...　Recently,theCountyleadingbodiesatthecountyleveltocarryout"threetrees"practice,whichistoimprovethegoverningabilityandpromotingthedevelopmentofXXeffectivemeasure.Icarefullyfollowyourdeploymentrequirements,andactivelyparticipateinthe"threetrees"campaign.ReadGroup,preparedbytheDepartmentinthenearfutureoftheideologicalandpoliticalconstructionofleadingcadresinthecityreader,readtherelevantinformation,largerharvest,inspired.Ithinktheabilityofrepellingistostrengthentheparty"sgoverningcapacityinquestionsoftheconstructionofmeaning,animportanttopicremainsinfrontofpartymembersandcadresatalllevels,weneedtofurtherexploreandponder.Theabilityofrepellingthenamesuggests,isaskingpartymembersandcadresatalllevelsinparticular,leadingcadresatalllevels,notonlyourselves,establishacorrectconceptoftheindependentCommissionagainstcorruption,politicalintegrity,self-discipline,rejectionofcorruption,madeforthepeople,pragmatic,honestleadership,andstrengthenthesenseofresponsibility,earnestlyimplementtheresponsibilityofuncorrupted,implementationofthebaoliananti-corruptionmeasurestoensuretherealizationofbusiness-building,constructionofawin-winsituation.Next,Icombinedwiththeirthinking,experienceandcontactXXpractical,onhowtoenhancetheabilityofrepelling,onfouraspectsofcognition.　　Irregularities,pleasecomment.First,theconstructionofthepropulsionsystem,andenhancethesystemofcorruptionsincethefoundingofourparty,havebeenthinkingabouttacklingcorruption.Currently,democraticlegalsystem,managementsystemandsupervisionmechanismisnotperfect,administrativeactsarenotverystandardized,Enterprisebehaviorandmarketbehavior,corruptionpresentsadiverse,pluralistic,complextrends,thisshiftthestrugglebetweenthetwo,willaccompany11'