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'青岛农业大学毕业论文(设计)题目:烟台第二小学教学楼设计姓名:刘永峰学院:建筑工程学院专业:土木工程班级:2009级3班学号:20093916指导教师:全洪珠2013年5月30日
目录中文摘要................................................................................................................................IAbstract.................................................................................................................................Ⅱ第一章建筑设计1.1工程概况............................................................................................................................11.2设计资料.............................................................................................................................11.3设计思想.............................................................................................................................11.4建筑设计说明......................................................................................................................11.5构造做法.............................................................................................................................4第二章结构设计2.1设计资料............................................................................................................................62.2结构布置及结构计算简图的确定.........................................................................................62.3荷载统计............................................................................................................................92.4风荷载计算........................................................................................................................132.5竖向荷载下内力计算..........................................................................................................202.6内力组合............................................................................................................................472.7框架柱设计........................................................................................................................502.8框架梁设计.........................................................................................................................532.9楼板设计.............................................................................................................................602.10楼梯设计...........................................................................................................................622.11基础设计..........................................................................................................................65参考文献................................................................................................................................68总结........................................................................................................................................69致谢........................................................................................................................................70毕业设计图纸目录................................................................................................................71
烟台第二小学教学楼设计土木工程专业刘永峰指导教师全洪珠摘要:根据土木工程毕业设计的内容,本文对烟台市第二小学教学楼进行设计。设计内容包括建筑设计部分和结构设计部分。该楼为四层现浇混凝土框架结构,抗震设防烈度为6度,总建筑面积约3732平方米。在建筑设计中,根据教学楼的使用要求、自然条件、建筑造型进行了平面布置和空间组织。结构设计包括结构选型、结构布置、恒载、活载及风荷载的统计,然后采用D值法进行风荷载作用下的结构内力计算,分层法进行竖向荷载作用下的结构内力计算;再进行内力组合分析,找出最不利的内力组合,进行构件计算;最后,根据计算结果,按照构造要求,绘制结构施工图。本设计综合考虑了适应性、经济性,充分体现了“以人为本”的原则。关键词:教学楼;框架结构;建筑设计;结构设计;独立基础I
DesignofTeachingBuildingoftheSecondPrimarySchoolinYantaiStudentmajoringinCivilEngineeringLiuYongfengTutorNameQuanHongzhuAbstract:Accordingtotherequirementsofgraduationdesignofcivilengineering,theresidentialbuildingofyantaisecondprimaryschoolteachingbuildinginthispaper.Thecontentofthisdesignincludsarchitecturaldesignpartandstructuralpart.Thebuildingisfour-story,whichtotalsurfaceareais3732squaremetersandseismicfortificationintensityis6degrees.Inthearchitecturaldesign,itiscarriedontheplanearrangementandthespatialorganizationaccordingtotheresidentialbuilding’soperationrequirements,natualconditionandbuildingmodeling.Thestructuraldesignincludstheselectionofstructure,thelayoutofthestructure,deadload,liveloadandwindloadstatistics;AndthenuseDvaluemethodundertheactionofwindloadofthestructureinternalforcecalculation,hierarchicalmethodonstructuralinternalforceundertheverticalloadcalculation;Internalforcecombinationanalysis,findoutthemostadverseinternalforcecombination,componentcalculation;Finally,accordingtothecalculationresultsandthestructurerequirement,drawthestructureconstructiondrawing.Thedesigncompromisesthesuitabilityandeconomicalefficiencyofresidentialbuildings,andfullyreflectsthe“people-centered”principle.Keywords:teachingbuilding;framestructure;architecturaldesign;structuraldesign;independentfoundationII
第一章建筑设计1.1工程概况本工程为烟台市第二小学教学楼设计,工程位于烟台市莱阳市,建筑面积约3732平方米。采用现浇混凝土框架结构,总高度14.4米,室内设计标高±0.000,室内外高差为0.45米,基础顶距地面0.60米。1.2设计资料1、地质条件:(1)杂填土,厚1.8m;(2)砂质粘土,厚4.5m,承载力特征值255kPa;(3)强风化花岗岩层,承载力特征值800Mpa。(4)地下水:常年地下水位低于10m,水质对混凝土无腐蚀作用,抗震设防烈度6度,场地为Ⅱ类场地,设防烈度类别为丙类。2、自然气候条件:(1)基本风压0.40kN/m。(2)基本雪压为0.65kN/m。(3)全年为西北风,夏季为东南风。(4)气温:年平均气温22度,最高气温39.4度,最低为-10.4度。(5)降雨量:年降雨量1390mm,最大雨量190mm/日。1.3设计思想教学楼作为教师教学、学生上课场所,人流量较集中,在有限的空间内容易形成拥堵的局面。因此,合理的空间布局成为教学楼楼设计的重要理念。1.4建筑设计说明1.4.1平面设计本工程建筑平面由主教学楼组成,内廊式平面组合方式[1],使各个房间不备穿越,满足单独使用要求,而且使得整体结构功能分区明确,结构紧凑美观,使用功能合理,71
为较好地改善采光和通风条件,在走廊两侧墙体上皆设有高窗,且过道与过道之间,过道和楼梯的连接处皆设有过厅,并且为学生们课间提供宽敞活动的空间。主教学楼共四层,底层层高3.9m,标准层层高3.3m,教室平面尺寸为8m×6m(小学各班人数不是很多),行政教学楼分为3m×6m和4m×6m两种,图书馆为10m×6m的大空间,在教学楼还设有楼梯以及带有前室的男女卫生间。在主教学楼一层入口处设有门厅,供教师做课前教学准备及课间休息所用。教学楼上下交通联系极为方便,楼梯开间为5.4m。在教学楼中间和一头皆有设置,且楼梯都布置在教学楼比较明显的部位,且具有良好的自然采光,大大方便了师生的上下楼的通行。主教学楼一楼入口处门厅导向性明确,进入门厅后能够比较容易的找到各过道口及楼梯口。教学楼建筑内部设计注重塑造自由、轻松、自然、和谐的氛围,在内部空间上体现出大空间的应用,保持结构柱网乃至建筑单元的模数化和标准化。为保护墙基不受雨水侵袭,在外墙四周将地面做成向外倾斜的坡面,以便将屋面雨水排至远处,散水宽600mm,散水用混凝土现浇,外抹水泥砂浆[3]。首层平面图如图1-1:1-1首层平面图1.4.2立面设计本设计屋面排水采取有组织排水,按2%排水坡度[2]把屋面降水有组织地排到天沟,然后通过落水管排到地面。在框架结构中,墙体只起围护作用,不承担荷载,因此立面上的门窗设置具有很大的灵活性,不仅排列顺序、开启方式灵活,而且可以设置较大面积的窗,所以本设计采用大面积的窗户,既满足了教学楼设计对光线的要求,又满足了经济要求。71
建筑立面设计,利用虚实、高差、对比手法进行组合,富有层次的空间效果。相同构件和门窗左右规律的重复和变化,布置得既整齐统一又富有节奏变化。例如,本教学楼建筑在利用向外凸出的框架柱,使得整个立面竖向划分具有庄重挺拔的感觉,而各楼层的窗户组成的横向上的划分忧给人一种轻巧、亲切的感受。外装修及建筑立面形体的组合,使整个教学楼融入到校园绿化布置之中。建筑形体、色彩、窗洞为统一的变化,具有高雅、活泼、亲切的学校建筑效果。建筑物体型特别考虑了与校园周围建筑、道路相呼应配合,和地形,绿化等所处环境协调一致,使得教学楼建筑在整体环境中显得完整统一,搭配合理。立面图如图1-2:1-2立面图1.4.3剖面设计建筑剖面设计主要是根据使用功能对立体空间的要求,建筑剖面表示建筑物内部垂直方向的高度、楼层分层、垂直空间的利用以及简要的结构形式和构造方式等情况。剖面图的位置应通过门、窗、洞,来表示门窗洞的垂直高度和在竖直方向的构造,以便于施工。从剖面中可以轻易的看出看出,各层楼面都设置楼板,屋面设置屋面板,楼板和屋面板搁置在楼(屋)面梁上。为了屋面排水需要,屋面板设成2%71
的坡度,以便屋面上的雨水经天沟排向雨水管。另外,在建筑剖面中,不仅可以看到剖切到的构件(如墙身、室内外地面、楼面层、屋面层、各种梁、梯段及平台板等),还可以看到未剖到可见部分(如走廊中可见的门、可见的楼梯梯段和栏杆扶手,女儿墙的压顶、雨水管等)。为了避免室外雨水流入室内,防止教学楼不均匀沉降使地面降低,以及满足建筑使用的要求,取室内外高差为450mm。剖面图如图1-3:1-3剖面图1.5构造做法1.5.1楼面做法楼板顶面为水磨石地面,楼板地面为15mm厚纸筋面石灰抹底,涂料两度。1.5.2屋面做法现浇楼板上铺膨胀珍珠岩保温层(檐口处厚100mm,2%自两侧檐口向中间找坡),1:2水泥砂浆找平层厚20mm,二毡三油防水层,撒绿豆砂保护。1.5.3卫生间做法71
10mm厚防滑地砖20mm厚水泥砂浆找平层,120mm厚钢筋混凝土板,10mm厚混合砂浆抹灰层。71
第二章结构设计2.1设计资料1.设计标高:室内设计标高±0.000m,室内外高差-0.450m。2、墙身做法:墙身为加气混凝土砌块,用M5混合砂浆砌筑。内粉刷为混合砂浆底,纸筋灰面,厚20mm,“803”内墙涂料两度。外粉刷为1:3水泥砂浆底,厚20mm,水泥石渣抹面后水刷,厚10mm。3、楼面做法:楼板顶面为水磨石地面,楼板地面为15mm厚纸筋面石灰抹底,涂料两度。4、屋面做法:现浇楼板上铺膨胀珍珠岩保温层(檐口处厚100mm,2%自两侧檐口向中间找坡),1:2水泥砂浆找平层厚20mm,二毡三油防水层,撒绿豆砂保护。5、地质条件:由自然地表至下:城市杂填土:厚度为1.0m轻亚粘土:厚度为1.0m,承载力设计值200kN/m2中等风化岩:厚8.0m承载力设计值10.5Mpa最高水位地表下3m,属于二类场地。6、基本风压:w0=0.40kN/m27、基本雪压:S0=0.65kN/m28、抗震设防烈度:按6度计算,框架抗震等级为三级[4]。9、活荷载标准值:教室楼面活荷载标准值2.5kN/m2,走廊楼面活荷载标准值3.5kN/m2。2.2结构布置及结构计算简图的确定2.2.1柱网布置本设计采用钢筋混凝土柱下独立基础,柱网布置图如图2-1所示:71
图2-1柱网布置图2.2.2计算简图本设计一榀框架计算简图如图2-2所示:图2-2计算简图2.2.3梁板柱截面尺寸1、梁(1)AB、CD梁:=6.0m,=(1/15~1/10)×6000=400mm~600mm,取=600mm=(1/3~1/2)=200mm~300mm,取=300mm。(2)BC梁71
由于次梁=6.0m,=(1/18~1/10)=433mm~600mm,取=500mm=(1/3~1/2)=167mm~250mm,取=250mm.BC梁尺寸取250×500mm。2、柱柱截面尺寸由和确定。因为地震为6度设防,可知为非抗震设计,其轴压比限值[]=1。选一榀框架上的边柱、中柱进行计算,所选取的计算单元边柱和中柱的负荷面积分别为3×8m和4.2×8m,则:边柱:=13×3×8×4=1248kN=1.1=1.1×1248=1372.8kN由估取边柱的尺寸为==600mm,则1372.8×1000/(14.3×600×600)=0.27﹤1中柱:=13×4.2×8×4=1684.8kN=1.1=1.1×1684.8=1747.2kN由估取中柱的尺寸为==600mm,则1747.2×1000/(14.3×600×600)=0..34﹤1本设计所有主要边柱和中柱截面尺寸取==600mm。3、板各层楼盖采用现浇钢筋混凝土梁板结构,板厚取120mm。2.2.4梁柱线刚度计算简图如图2-3所示,室内外高差为450mm,根据地质资料确定基础顶面距室外地面为600mm,求得底层计算高度为0.6+0.45+3.9=4.95m。求梁截面惯性矩时考虑到现浇板作用,取I=2I0(I0为不考虑楼板翼缘作用的梁截面惯性矩),梁柱均采用C30混凝土。边跨梁线刚度:=2×I0/l=2×3.0×104×(1/12)×300×6003/6000=5.4×1010N/mm中间梁线刚度:=2×I0/l=2×3.0×104×(1/12)×300×6003/2400=13.5×1010N/mm标准层柱线刚度:=×I0/l=3.0×104×(1/12)×6004/3300=9.82×1010N/mm底层柱线刚度:=×I0/l=3.0×104×(1/12)×6004/4950=6.55×1010N/mm取标准柱i=1.0,则其余各杆的相对线刚度如图2-3所示:71
图2-3框架相对线刚度2.3荷载统计2.3.1恒荷载计算1.屋面20mm厚1:2水泥砂浆找平0.02×20=0.4kN/m2100~140mm厚(2%找坡)膨胀珍珠(0.1+0.14)/2×7=0.84kN/m2120mm厚现浇钢筋混凝土楼板0.12×25=3kN/m215mm厚纸筋石灰抹底0.15×16=0.24kN/m2屋面恒载4.48kN/m22.楼面30mm厚水磨石面层0.65kN/m2120mm厚钢筋混凝土板25×0.12=3kN/m215mm厚混合砂浆抹灰层0.15×17=0.24kN/m2合计:3.894kN/m23.卫生间楼面10mm厚防滑地砖28×0.01=0.28kN/m220mm厚水泥砂浆找平层20×0.02=0.40kN/m271
120mm厚钢筋混凝土板25×0.12=3kN/m210mm厚混合砂浆抹灰层0.01×17=0.17kN/m2合计:3.85kN/m24.梁自重AB、CD梁:b×h=300mm×600mm梁自重:0.3×(0.6-0.12)×25=3.6kN/m抹灰层:20mm厚混合砂浆0.02×[(0.60-0.12)×2+0.3]×17=0.42kN/m合计: 4.02kN/mBC梁:b×h=250mm×500mm梁自重:0.25×(0.5-0.12)×25=2.375kN/m抹灰层:20mm厚混合砂浆0.02×[(0.50-0.12)×2+0.25]×17=0.31kN/m合计: 2.658kN/m5.柱自重b×h=600mm×600mm柱自重:25×0.6×0.6=9.00kN/m抹灰层:20mm厚混合砂浆:0.02×(0.6+0.02)×17×2=0.843kN/m合计: 9.843kN/m6.标准层墙自重横向填充墙自重0.20×(3.3-0.6)×11.8=6.372kN/m墙面粉刷(3.3-0.6)×0.02×2×17=1.836kN/m合计8.208kN/m内纵墙自重〔0.20×(3.3-0.6)×11.8×8-0.9×0.2×2.12×11.8-0.2×1.5×1.8×11.8+0.2×0.9×2.1×2+0.35×1.8×1.5〕÷(8-0.6)=5.05kN/m外纵墙自重〔0.20×(3.3-0.6)×11.8×8-0.2×1.8×2.4×11.8×2+0.02×(3.3-0.6)×17×8+0.35×1.8×2.4×2〕÷(8-0.6)=5.53kN/m7.底层墙自重横向填充墙自重0.2×(3.9-0.6)×11.8=7.788kN/m墙面粉刷(3.9-0.6)×0.02×2×17=2.244kN/m合计10.032kN/m71
内纵墙自重〔0.2×(3.9-0.6)×11.8×8-0.2×0.9×2.1×2×11.8-0.2×1.8×2.1×11.8+0.2×0.9×2.1×2+0.35×1.8×2.1〕÷(8-0.6)=6.29kN/m外纵墙自重〔0.2×(3.9-0.6)×11.8×8-0.2×2.4×2.4×11.8×2+0.02×(3.9-0.6)×17×8+0.35×2.4×2.4×2〕÷(8-0.6)=6.50kN/m8.女儿墙自重女儿墙自重:0.2×0.6×6=0.72kN/m女儿墙粉刷:17×(0.6×2+0.2)×0.02=0.476kN/m合计:1.196kN/m2.3.2屋、楼面活荷载标准值由«建筑结构荷载计算规范»[5]查得:活荷载:楼面2.5kN/m2,走廊3.5kN/m2,楼梯3.5kN/m2,不上人屋面0.5kN/m2,卫生间2.5kN/m2,阳台2.5kN/m2。2.4荷载传递受力板面荷载分配图如图2-4所示图2-4板面荷载分配图71
1.梁线荷载标准值:(1)A~B轴间框架梁==(4/2)/6=0.33顶层:屋面板传恒荷=4.48×4/2×(1-22+3)×2=14.66kN/m梁自重=4.02kN/m恒载=14.06+4.02=18.08kN/m活载=板传活荷载=0.5×4/2×2×(1-22+3)=1.64kN/m标准层:楼面板传恒荷载=3.89×4/2×2×(1-22+3)=12.21kN/m梁自重=4.02kN/m横墙自重=8.208kN/m恒载=12.21+4.02+8.208=24.438kN/m活载=板传活荷载=2.5×4/2×2×(1-22+3)=8.2kN/m(2)B~C轴间框架梁荷载l1/l2=8/2.4=3.3﹥3按单向板计算恒载=梁自重=4.02kN/m2.柱竖向集中荷载计算:(1)A、D轴柱竖向集中荷载计算(=0.33)顶层柱:梁自重=4.02×(8-0.6)+2.685×(6-0.3)×1/4×2=37.40kN板传荷载=4.48×4/2×5/8+4.48×4/2×(1-22+3)×6×1/4×2=66.79kN女儿墙自重=1.196×8=9.568kN恒载=37.40+66.79+9.568=113.758kN活载=0.5×4/2×5/8×8+0.5×4/2×(1-22+3)×6×1/4×2=7.45kN标准层柱:梁自重=4.02×(8-0.6)+2.685×(6-0.3)×1/4×2=37.40Kn板传荷载=3.89×4/2×5/8×8+3.89×4/2×(1-22+3)×6×1/4×2=58.00kN外纵墙自重=5.53×(8-0.6)=40.92kN恒载=37.40+58.00+40.92=136.32kN活载=2.5×4/2×5/8×8+2.5×4/2×(1-22+3)×6×1/4×2=37.28kN71
基础顶面恒载=基础梁自重+底层外墙自重=4.02×(8-0.6)+26.5×(8-0.6)=77.848kN(2)B、C轴柱竖向集中荷载计算:顶层:梁自重=4.02×(8-0.6)+2.685×(6-0.3)×1/4×2=37.40kN板传荷载=4.48×4/2×5/8+4.48×4/2×(1-22+3)×6×1/4×2+4.48×4×2.4=109.80kN恒载=37.40+109.80=147.20kN活载=0.5×4/2×5/8×8+0.5×4/2×(1-22+3)×6×1/4×2+0.5×4×2.4=12.25kN标准层柱:梁自重=4.02×(8-0.6)+2.685×(6-0.3)×1/4×2=37.40kN板传荷载=3.89×4/2×5/8+3.89×4/2×(1-22+3)×6×1/4×2+3.89×4×2.4=95.341kN内墙自重=5.05×(8-0.6)=37.37kN恒载=37.40+95.34+37.37=170.11kN活载=2.5×4/2×5/8×8+0.5×4/2×(1-22+3)×6×1/4×2+2.5×4×2.4=61.25kN基础顶面恒载=基础梁自重+底层内墙自重=4.02×(8-0.6)+6.29×(8-0.6)=76.294kN2.4风荷载计算2.4.1风荷载标准值计算为简化计算,将计算单元分布风荷载等效化为作用于屋面梁和楼面梁处的集中风荷载标准值,计算公式如下:(2-1)式中:——基本风压0.4kN/m——风荷载体型系数,本工程H/B=0.945<4,取=1.3——风压高度变化系数(地面粗糙度C类)——风振系数,当房屋高度小于30米时取1.0(2-2)71
——一榀框架各层节点的受风面积,——下层柱高——上层柱高,对于顶层为女儿墙高度的2倍——计算单元迎风面宽度表2-1风荷载标准值计算层次(m)(kN)41.31.00.7413.83.31.20.450.3848186.9331.31.00.7440.53.33.30.450.384826.410.1621.31.00.747.23.33.30.450.384826.410.1611.31.00.743.93.93.30.60.384828.811.082.4.2风荷载作用下的位移验算水平荷载作用下框架的层间侧移按以下公式计算:(2-3)―第i层的总剪力―第j层所有柱的抗侧移刚度之和―第j层的层间侧移各层横向侧移刚度计算:底层:A、D柱:K=5.4/6.55=0.824=(0.5+K)/(2+K)=0.469D==0.469×12×6.55×104/4.952=15044kN/m同理可得,B、C柱:D=24219kN/m=(15044+24219)×2=78526kN/m标准层:71
A、D柱:K=(5.4+5.4)/(2×13.5)=0.4=K/(2+K)=0.17D==0.17×12×9.82×12×104/3.32=18035kN/m同理可得,B、C柱:D=53022kN/m=(18035+53022)×2=142114kN/m风荷载作用下框架楼层层间位移与层高之比的计算,计算如表2-2:表2-2风荷载作用下框架楼层层间位移与层高之比的计算层数(kN)/46.936.931421140.0000491.48×10310.1617.091421140.000123.64×10210.1627.251421140.000195.76×10111.0838.33785260.000491.12×10=∑=0.000849m对于框架结构,楼层间最大位移与层高之比的限值为[6],本框架结构的层间侧移与层高之比的最大值满足1.1210<=18.110的要求。2.4.3风荷载作用下内力计算框架柱端剪力及弯矩分别按下列公式计算:=/∑(2-4)=×(2-5)=(1-)(2-6)=+++(2-7)注:—框架柱的标准反弯点高度比。—为上下层梁线刚度变化时反弯点高度比的修正值。、—为上下层层高变化时反弯点高度比的修正值。—框架柱的反弯点高度比。A、D柱的反弯点高度为:底层0=0.651=02=0.0253=0=0.67571
2层0=0.501=02=03=-0.015=0.453层0=0.351=02=03=0=0.354层0=0.201=02=02=0=0.20层号(m)∑/∑上下43.32.96.93142114180350.130.90.200.662.380.5933.32.917.09142114180350.132.220.351.164.762.5823.32.927.05142114180350.133.540.451.496.435.2714.950.8338.3378526150440.197.280.6753.3411.7124.32表2-3A、D柱弯矩计算表B、C柱的反弯点高度为:底层0=0.551=02=0.0253=0=0.5752层0=0.4951=02=03=-0.015=0.493层0=0.451=02=03=0=0.454层0=0.3951=02=02=0=0.395层号(m)∑/∑上下43.31.96.93142114530220.3732.580.3951.305.153.3533.31.917.09142114530220.3736.370.451.4911.569.4923.31.927.25142114530220.37310.160.491.6217.1016.4614.950.438.3378526242190.30811.810.5752.8524.8533.66表2-4B、C柱弯矩计算表框架柱杆端弯矩、梁端弯矩的计算如图2-5所示:71
图2-5计算简图上=(1-)×(2-8)下=×(2-9)中柱:(2-10)(2-11)边柱:总=下+上(2-12)剪力和轴力按下式计算:=1/(+)(2-13)=Σ(-)(2-14)表2-5风荷载作用下梁端弯矩计算层数上(A.D)下(A.D)上(B.C)下(B.C)/(+)/(+)42.380.592.385.153.355.413.50.2860.7141.473.6834.762.585.3511.569.495.413.50.2860.7144.2610.6526.435.279.0117.1016.465.413.50.2860.7147.6018.99111.7124.3216.9824.8533.665.413.50.2860.71411.8129.5071
表2-6风荷载作用下梁端剪力和轴力计算层次AB,CD梁剪力计算BC梁剪力计算柱轴力计算A.D柱轴力B.C柱轴力42.381.4760.643.683.682.43.07-0.64-2.4334.764.2661.5010.6510.652.48.88-2.14-9.8126.437.662.3418.9918.992.415.83-4.48-23.30111.7111.8163.9229.5029.502.424.58-8.40-43.96表2-7风荷载作用下柱剪力计算层号层高A、D柱剪力B、C柱剪力上下A柱剪力上下B柱剪力43.32.380.590.95.153.352.5833.34.762.582.2211.569.496.3823.36.435.273.517.1016.4610.1714.9511.7124.327.2824.8533.6611.82风荷载作用下弯矩、剪力、轴力图见图2-6、2-7、2-8:71
图2-6风荷载作用下框架的弯矩图(kN.m)图2-7风荷载作用下框架的剪力图(kN)71
图2-8风荷载作用下柱轴力图(kN)2.5竖向荷载下内力计算竖向荷载作用下的内力计算采用分层法。计算要点:(1)计算各端分配系数:上层柱线刚度取为原线刚度的0.9倍,其他杆件不变;(2)计算固端弯矩;(3)由节点不平衡力矩,求分配弯矩;(4)由传递系数C,求传递弯矩。上层柱间的传递系数为1/3,其他杆件为1/2。(5)循环、收敛后叠加,求杆端弯矩。2.5.1恒载作用下框架弯矩计算1.横梁固端弯矩的计算:受力简图如图2-9所示:71
图2-9弯矩计算简图(2-15)(2-16)AB、CD跨固端弯矩:顶层:ab=-1/12×18.08×62=-54.24kN.mba=1/12×18.08×62=54.24kN.m标准层:ab=-1/12×24.438×62=-74.51kN.mba=1/12×24.438×62=74.51kN.mBC跨固端弯矩:顶层:bc=-1/12×4.02×2.42=-1.93kN.mcb=1/12×4.02×2.42=1.93kN.m标准层:bc=-1/12×4.02×2.42=1.93kN.mcb=1/12×4.02×2.42=1.93kN.m2.各节点杆端分配系数的确定杆端分配系数计算:=/(远端固定=4;远端滑动=)。顶层:节点A4、D4:=4×5.4/4×(5.4+9.82)=0.35=4×9.82/4×(5.4+9.82)=0.65节点B4、C4:=4×5.4/[4×(5.4+9.82)+2×13.5]=0.25=2×0.87/[4×(5.4+9.82)+2×13.5]=0.31=4×0.9/[4×(5.4+9.82)+2×13.5]=0.44标准层:节点A3、D3:=4×9.82/[4×(5.4+9.82+9.82)]=0.3971
=4×9.82/[4×(5.4+9.82+9.82)]=0.39=4×5.4/[4×(5.4+9.82+9.82)]=0.22节点B3、C3:=2×13.5/[4×(5.4+9.82+9.82)+2×13.5]=0.21=4×9.82/[4×(5.4+9.82+9.82)+2×13.5]=0.31=4×9.82/[4×(5.4+9.82+9.82)+2×13.5]=0.31=4×5.4/[4×(5.4+9.82+9.82)+2×13.5]=0.17节点A2B2C2D2同A3B3C3D3。底层:节点A1、D1:=4×9.82/[4×(5.4+9.82+6.55)]=0.45=4×6.55/[4×(5.4+9.82+6.55)]=0.3=4×5.4/[4×(5.4+9.82+6.55)]=0.25节点B1、C1:=4×5.4/[4×(5.4+9.82+6.55)+2×13.5]=0.19=4×9.82/[4×(5.4+9.82+6.55)+2×13.5]=0.35=2×13.5/[4×(5.4+9.82+6.55)+2×13.5]=0.24=4×6.55/[4×(5.4+9.82+6.55)+2×13.5]=0.22杆端分配系数分配见图:2-1071
图2-10杆端分配系数71
3.力矩分配计算如图2-11(1)、2-11(2)、2-12(1)、2-12(2)、2-13(1)2-13(2)所示:图2-11(1)恒荷载作用下顶层弯矩分配图(kN.m)71
图2-11(2)恒荷载作用下顶层弯矩图(kN.m)71
图2-12(1)恒荷载作用下标准层弯矩分配图(kN.m)71
图2-12(2)恒荷载作用下标准层弯矩图(kN.m)71
图2-13(1)恒载作用下底层弯矩分配图(kN.m)71
图2-13(2)恒载作用下底层弯矩图(kN.m)4.对节点不平衡弯矩进行再次分配[7]:A4:=40.39+0.35×10.58=44.09kN.m=140.39+10.58-0.65×10.58=644.09kN.m;A3:=63.48+0.22×(13.46+10.58)=68.77kN.m=31.74+13.43-0.39×(13.46+10.58)=35.79kN.m=31.74+10.58-0.39×(13.46+10.58)=32.98kN.mA2:=63.48+0.22×(10.58+12.34)=68.52kN.m=31.74+10.58-0.39×(10.58+12.34)=33.38kN.m=31.74+12.34-0.39×(10.58+12.34)=35.14kN.mA1:=61.71+0.2510.58=64.36kN.m71
=37.03+10.58-0.4510.58=42.85kN.m=24.68-0.310.58=21.51kN.mB4:=49.32+0.258.43=51.43kN.m=21.52-0.318.43=18.91kN.m=27.8+8.43-0.448.43=32.52kN.mB3:=102.06+0.08(16.48+10.11)=104.19kN.m=30.33+16.48-0.31(16.48+10.11)=38.57kN.m=41.4-0.3(16.48+10.11)=33.42kN.m=30.33+10.11-0.31(16.48+10.11)=32.2kN.mB2:=69.62+0.17(9.7+8.43)=72.7kN.m=25.28+8.43-0.31(9.7+8.43)=28.09kN.m=19.06-0.21(9.7+8.43)=15.25kN.m=25.28+9.7-0.31(9.7+8.43)=29.36kN.mB1:=69.06+0.198.43=70.66kN/m=29.11+8.43-0.358.43=34.59kN.m=21.81-0.248.43=19.79kN.m=18.24-0.228.43=16.38kN.m5.在竖向荷载作用下,考虑梁端塑性变形内力重分布而对梁端弯矩进行调幅,调幅系数对现浇框架取:0.8~0.9。本设计调幅系数取0.85。71
表2-8恒载作用下梁端弯矩的调幅恒载AB跨BC跨CD跨调幅前调幅后调幅前调幅后同AB跨梁左梁右梁左梁右梁左梁右梁左梁右四层44.0951.4337.4843.7218.9118.9116.0716.07三层68.7772.6358.4561.7415.3415.3413.0413.04二层68.5272.758.2461.815.2515.2512.9612.96一层64.3670.6654.7160.0619.7919.7916.8216.82梁端弯矩减小后,应按平衡条件计算调幅后的跨中弯矩,梁的跨中正弯矩至少取按简支梁计算的跨中弯矩的一半。如为均布荷载,则(2-17)(2-18)6.跨中弯矩对顶层:AB跨M中(g)=1/8gl2-(M’1+M’2)/2=1/8×18.0862-1/2(37.48+43.72)=40.76kN.mBC跨M中(g)=1/8gl2-(M’1+M’2)/2=1/8×4.022.42-16.07=40.76kN.m对三层:AB跨M中(g)=1/8gl2-(M’1+M’2)/2=1/8×24.43862-1/2(58.45+61.74)=49.881kN.mBC跨M中(g)=1/8gl2-(M’1+M’2)/2=1/8×4.022.42-13.04=-10.15kN.m对二层:AB跨M中(g)=1/8gl2-(M’1+M’2)/2=1/8×24.43862-1/2(58.24+61.8)=49.95kN.m71
BC跨M中(g)=1/8gl2-(M’1+M’2)/2=1/8×4.022.42-12.96=-10.071kN.m对底层:AB跨M中(g)=1/8gl2-(M’1+M’2)/2=1/8×24.43862-1/2(54.71+60.06)=52.54kN.mBC跨M中(g)=1/8gl2-(M’1+M’2)/2=1/8×4.022.42-16.82=-13.93kN.m图2-14恒载作用下框架弯矩图(kN.m)2.5.2活载作用下框架弯矩计算1.横梁固端弯矩的计算:AB、CD跨固端弯矩:顶层:=-1/12×1.6462=-4.92kN.m=1/12×1.6462=4.92kN.m71
标准层:=-1/12×8.262=-24.6kN.m=1/12×8.262=24.6kN.mBC跨固端弯矩:顶层:=-1/12×02.42=0kN.m=1/12×02.42=0kN.m标准层:=-1/12×02.42=0kN.m=1/12×02.42=0kN.m2.各节点杆端分配系数的确定各杆端分配系数见图2-10。3.力矩分配计算如图2-15(1)、2-15(2)、2-16(1)、2-16(2)、2-17(1)、2-17(2)所示:图2-15(1)活荷载作用下顶层弯矩分配图(kN.m)71
图2-15(2)活荷载作用下顶层弯矩图(kN.m)71
图2-16(1)活荷载作用下标准层弯矩分配图(kN.m)71
图2-16(2)活荷载作用下标准层弯矩图(kN.m)71
图2-17(1)活载作用下底层弯矩分配图(kN.m)71
图2-17(2)活载作用下底层弯矩图(kN.m)4.对节点不平衡弯矩进行再次分配:A4:=3.79+0.35×3.5=4.9kN.m=3.79+3.5-0.65×3.5=4.9kN.mA3:=20.98+0.22×(1.22+3.5)=20.02kN.m=10.49+1.22-0.39×(1.22+3.5)=9.87kN.m=10.49+3.5-0.39×(1.22+3.5)=12.15kN.mA2:=20.98+0.22×(3.5+4.08=322.65kN.m=10.49+3.5-0.39×(4.08+3.5)=11.03kN.m=10.49+4.08-0.39×(4.08+3.5)=11.62kN.mA1:=20.42+0.253.5=21.30kN.m=12.25+3.5-0.453.5=14.18kN.m=8.17-0.33.5=7.12kN.m71
B4:=4.43+0.252.85=5.14kN.m=1.83-0.312.85=0.95kN.m=2.6+2.85-0.442.85=4.19kN.mB3:=22.89+0.17(0.87+2.85)=23.52kN.m=8.55+0.87-0.31(0.87+2.85)=8.27kN.m=5.79-0.21(0.87+2.85)=5.01kN.m=8.55+2.85-0.31(0.87+2.85)=10.24kN.mB2:=22.89+0.17(2.85+3.27)=23.93kN.m=8.55+2.85-0.31(2.85+3.27)=9.5kN.m=5.79-0.21(2.85+3.27)=4.5kN.m=8.55+3.27-0.31(2.85+3.27)=9.93kN.mB1:=22.69+0.192.85=23.23kN.m=9.81+2.85-0.352.85=11.66kN.m=6.72-0.242.85=6.04kN.m=6.16-0.222.85=5.53kN.m5.活载作用下梁端弯矩的调幅结果见表2-9。71
表2-9活载作用下梁端弯矩的调幅层数AB跨BC跨CD跨调幅前调幅后调幅前调幅后同AB跨活载梁左梁右梁左梁右梁左梁右梁左梁右四层4.95.144.174.370.950.950.810.81三层22.0223.5218.7219.995.015.014.264.26二层22.6523.9319.2520.344.54.53.833.83一层21.323.2318.1119.756.046.045.135.136.跨中弯矩对顶层:AB跨M(q)=1/8ql2-(M’1+M’2)/2=1/8×1.6462-1/2(4.17+4.37)=3.11kN.mBC跨M(q)=1/8ql2-(M’1+M’2)/2=0-0.81=-0.81kN.m对三层:AB跨M(q)=1/8ql2-(M’1+M’2)/2=1/8×8.262-1/2(18.17+19.99)=17.82kN.mBC跨M(q)=1/8ql2-(M’1+M’2)/2=0-4.26=-4.26kN.m对二层:AB跨M(q)=1/8ql2-(M’1+M’2)/2=1/8×8.262-1/2(19.25+20.34)=17.11kN.mBC跨M(q)=1/8ql2-(M’1+M’2)/2=0-3.83=-3.83kN.m对底层:AB跨M(q)=1/8ql2-(M’1+M’2)/2=1/8×8.262-1/2(18.11+19.75)=17.97kN.mBC跨M(q)=1/8ql2-(M’1+M’2)/2=0-5.13=-5.13kN.m活载作用下框架弯矩图见图2-18:71
图2-18活载作用下框架弯矩图(kN.m)2.5.3梁柱剪力和轴力计算1.恒载作用下梁端剪力与柱轴力计算梁端剪力:=+(2-19):梁上均布荷载引起的剪力=/2:梁端弯矩引起的剪力柱轴力:=+(2-20):梁端剪力:柱顶竖向集中荷载恒载作用下梁端剪力与柱轴力计算如表2-10、2-11、2-12、2-13所示:71
表2-10恒载作用下AB梁端剪力计算层号(kN/m)(m)(kN)418.08654.24-1.0453.2-55.28324.438673.31-0.5572.76-73.86224.438673.31-0.5972.72-73.90124.438673.31-0.9872.33-74.29表2-11恒载作用下BC梁端剪力计算层号(kN/m)(m)(kN)44.022.44.8204.82-4.8234.022.44.8204.82-4.8224.022.44.8204.82-4.8214.022.44.8204.82-4.82表2-12恒载作用下柱的剪力层号LA柱B柱上下上下43.344.0935.7924.2132.5229.0718.6633.332.9833.3820.1128.2228.0917.0623.335.1442.8523.6329.3634.5919.3814.9521.5112.346.8416.389.125.1571
层次总剪力柱轴力AB跨BC跨A柱B柱453.255.284.8253.20+113.764=166.96166.96+32.48=199.4455.28+4.82+147.2=207.3207.3+32.48=239.78372.7673.864.82199.44+72.76+136.32=408.52408.52+32.48=441239.78+73.86+4.82+170.11=488.57488.57+32.48=521.05272.7273.94.82441+72.72+136.32=650.04650.04+32.48=682.52521.05+73.9+4.82+170.11=769.88769.88+32.48=802.36172.3374.294.82682.52+72.33+36.32=891.172891.17+48.72=939.89802.36+74.29+4.82+170.11=1051.581051.58+48.72=1100.3表2-13恒载作用下柱的轴力恒载作用下剪力、轴力图见图2-19、2-20:71
图2-19恒载作用下框架剪力图(kN)图2-20恒载作用下框架轴力图(kN)71
2、活载作用下梁端剪力与柱轴力的计算活载作用下梁端剪力与柱轴力的计算如表2-14、2-15、2-16、2-17:表2-14活载作用下AB梁端剪力计算层号(kN/m)(m)/2(kN)41.6464.92-0.034.89-4.9538.2624.6-0.2124.39-24.8128.2624.6-0.1824.42-24.7818.2624.6-0.2724.33-24.87表2-15活载作用下BC梁端剪力计算层号(kN/m)(m)/2(kN)402.40000302.40000202.40000102.40000表2-16活载作用下柱的剪力层号LA柱B柱上下上下43.34.99.874.484.198.273.7833.312.1511.037.0210.249.55.9823.311.6214.187.829.9311.666.5414.957.124.092.265.533.081.7471
表2-17活载作用下柱的轴力层号总剪力柱轴力AB跨BC跨A柱B柱44.894.9504.89+7.45=12.3412.344.95+12.25=17.217.2324.3924.81012.34+24.39+37.28=74.0174.0117.2+24.81+61.25=103.26103.26224.4224.78074.01+24.42+37.28=135.71135.71103.26+24.78+61.25=189.29189.29124.3324.870135.71+24.33+37.28=197.32197.32189.29+24.87+61.25=275.41275.41活荷载作用下剪力、轴力值见图2-21、2-22:图2-21活载作用下框架剪力图(kN)71
图2-22活载作用下框架轴力图(kN)2.6内力组合危险截面:柱子:两端;梁:两端、跨中。在竖向荷载作用下,考虑框架梁端塑性内力重分布,梁端弯矩需考虑弯矩调幅,表中恒载、活载的弯矩值为乘以弯矩调幅系数0.85后的值,而剪力值采用调幅前的剪力值。1.柱边弯矩和剪力的计算柱边弯矩:(2-21)柱边剪力:(2-22)柱边弯矩和剪力的计算如表2-18、2-19:71
表2-18AB跨柱边弯矩和剪力层号/2恒载437.0843.7253.255.280.318.0847.7849.8622.7528.76358.4561.7472.7673.860.324.0465.4366.5338.8241.78258.2461.872.7273.90.324.4465.3966.5738.6241.83154.7160.0672.3374.290.324.4465.0066.9635.2139.97活载44.174.374.894.950.31.644.404.462.853.03318.7214.9924.3924.810.38.221.9322.3512.148.29219.2520.3424.4224.280.38.221.9622.3212.6613.64118.1119.7524.3324.870.38.221.9622.4111.5219.03表2-19BC跨柱边弯矩和剪力层号C/2恒载416.0716.074.824.820.34.023.613.6114.9914.99313.0413.044.824.820.34.023.613.6111.9611.96212.9612.964.824.820.34.023.613.6111.8811.88116.8216.824.824.820.34.023.613.6115.7415.74活载40.810.81000.30000.810.8134.264.26000.30004.264.2623.833.83000.30003.833.8315.135.13000.30005.135.1371
2.框架梁内力组合、柱内力组合、柱剪力见下表2-20、2-21(a)、2-21(b)、2-22:表2-20框架梁内力组合表层号危险截面内力恒载活载风载1.2恒载+1.4活载1.35恒载+1.0活载1.2恒载+0.9*1.4(活+风)→←→←顶层MabM22.752.852.38-2.3831.2933.5633.8927.89V47.784.400.64-0.6463.5068.9063.6962.07M-abM40.763.110.46-0.4653.2758.1453.4052.26MbaM28.763.031.47-1.4738.7541.8640.1836.48V49.864.460.64-0.6466.0871.7766.2664.65MbcM14.990.813.68-3.6819.1221.0523.6514.37V3.610.003.07-3.074.334.878.200.46M-bcM13.180.810.000.0016.9518.6016.8416.84McbM14.990.813.68-3.6819.1221.0523.6514.37V3.610.003.07-3.074.334.878.200.46McdM28.763.031.47-1.4738.7541.8640.1836.48V49.864.460.64-0.6466.0871.7766.2664.65M-cdM40.763.110.46-0.4653.2758.1453.4052.26MdcM22.752.852.38-2.3831.2933.5633.8927.89V47.784.400.64-0.6463.5068.9063.6962.07三层MabM38.8212.145.35-5.3563.5864.5568.6255.14V65.4321.931.50-1.50109.22110.26108.04104.26M-abM49.8817.820.55-0.5584.8085.1683.0081.62MbaM41.788.294.26-4.2661.7464.6965.9555.21V66.5322.351.50-1.50111.13112.17109.89106.11MbcM11.964.2610.65-10.6520.3220.4133.146.30V3.610.008.88-8.884.334.8715.52-6.86M-bcM10.154.260.000.0018.1417.9617.5517.55McbM11.964.2610.65-10.6520.3220.4133.146.30V3.610.008.88-8.884.334.8715.52-6.86McdM41.788.294.26-4.2661.7464.6965.9555.2171
V66.5322.351.50-1.50111.13112.17109.89106.11M-cdM49.8817.820.55-0.5584.8085.1683.0081.62MdcM38.8212.145.35-5.3563.5864.5568.6255.14V65.4321.931.50-1.50109.22110.26108.04104.26二层MabM38.6212.669.14-9.1464.0764.8073.8150.78V65.3921.962.34-2.34109.21110.24109.09103.19M-abM49.9517.110.77-0.7783.8984.5482.4780.53MbaM41.8313.647.60-7.6069.2970.1176.9657.81V66.5723.322.34-2.34112.53113.19112.22106.32MbcM11.883.8318.99-18.9919.6219.8743.01-4.85V3.610.0015.83-15.834.334.8724.28-15.61M-bcM10.073.830.000.0017.4517.4216.9116.91McbM11.883.8318.99-18.9919.6219.8743.01-4.85V3.610.0015.83-15.834.334.8724.28-15.61McdM41.8313.647.60-7.6069.2970.1176.9657.81V66.5722.322.34-2.34111.13112.19110.96105.06M-cdM49.9517.110.77-0.7783.8984.5482.4780.53MdcM38.6212.669.01-9.0164.0764.8073.6550.94V65.3921.962.34-2.34109.21110.24109.09103.19底层MabM35.2111.5216.98-16.9858.3859.0578.1635.37V65.0021.963.92-3.92108.74109.71110.61100.73M-abM52.5417.972.59-2.5988.2188.9088.9582.43MbaM39.9719.0311.81-11.8174.6172.9986.8257.06V66.9622.413.92-3.92111.73112.81113.53103.65MbcM15.745.1329.50-29.5026.0726.3862.52-11.82V3.610.0024.58-24.584.334.8735.30-26.64M-bcM13.935.130.000.0023.9023.9423.1823.18McbM15.745.1329.50-29.5026.0726.3862.52-11.82V3.610.0024.58-24.584.334.8735.30-26.64McdM39.7419.0311.81-11.8174.3372.6886.5556.79V66.9622.413.92-3.92111.73112.81113.53103.6571
M-cdM52.5417.972.59-2.5988.2188.9088.9582.43MdcM35.2111.5216.98-16.9858.3859.0578.1635.37V65.0021.963.92-3.92108.74109.71110.61100.73表2-21(a)A、D柱内力组合表层号危险截面内力恒载活载风载1.2恒载+1.4活载1.35恒载+1.0活载1.2恒载+0.9x1.4(活+风)MmaxNminNmax→←→←顶层上M44.094.902.38-2.3859.7764.4262.0856.0864.42N166.9612.340.64-0.64217.63237.74216.71215.09215.09237.74下M35.799.870.59-0.5956.7758.1956.1354.6458.19N199.4412.340.64-0.64256.60281.58255.68254.07254.07281.58三层上M32.9812.154.76-4.7656.5956.6760.8848.8960.88N408.5274.012.14-2.14593.84625.51586.17580.78580.78625.51下M33.3811.032.58-2.5855.5056.0957.2050.7057.20N441.0074.012.14-2.14632.81669.36625.15619.76619.76669.36二层上M35.1411.626.43-6.4358.4459.0664.9148.7164.91N650.04135.714.48-4.48970.041013.26956.69945.40945.401013.26下M42.8514.185.27-5.2771.2772.0375.9362.6575.93N682.52135.714.48-4.481009.021057.11995.66984.37984.371057.11底层上M21.517.1211.71-11.7135.7836.1649.5420.0349.5471
N891.17197.328.40-8.401345.651400.401328.611307.441307.441400.40下M12.344.0924.32-24.3220.5320.7550.60-10.6850.60N939.89197.328.40-8.401404.121466.171387.081365.911365.911466.17表2-21(b)B、C柱内力组合表层号危险截面内力恒载活载风载1.2恒载+1.4活载1.35恒载+1.0活载1.2恒载+0.9*1.4(活+风)MmaxNminNmax→←→←顶层上M32.524.195.15-5.1544.8948.0950.7937.8150.79N207.3017.202.43-2.43272.84297.06273.49267.37267.37297.06下M29.078.273.35-3.3546.4647.5149.5341.0849.53N239.7817.202.43-2.43311.82340.90312.47306.35306.35340.90三层上M28.2210.2411.56-11.5648.2048.3461.3332.2061.33N488.57103.269.81-9.81730.85762.83728.75704.03704.03762.83下M28.099.509.49-9.4947.0147.4257.6433.7257.64N521.05103.269.81-9.81769.82806.68767.73743.01743.01806.68二层上M29.369.9317.10-17.1049.1349.5769.2926.2069.29N769.88189.2623.30-23.301188.821228.601191.681132.971132.971228.60下M34.5911.6616.46-16.4657.8358.3676.9435.4676.94N802.36189.2923.30-23.301227.841272.481230.701171.981171.981272.48底层上M16.385.5324.85-24.8527.4027.6457.93-4.6957.9371
N1051.58275.4143.96-43.961647.471695.041664.301553.521553.521695.04下M9.123.0833.66-33.6615.2615.3957.24-27.5957.24N1100.30275.4143.96-43.961705.931760.821722.771611.991611.991760.8271
表2-22柱剪力组合表层号层数恒载活载风载1.2恒载+1.4活载1.35恒载+1.0活载1.2恒载+0.9x1.4(活+风)VMAX→←→←A、D柱424.214.48-0.640.6435.32437.163533.890435.503237.1635320.117.02-2.142.1433.9634.168530.280835.673635.6736223.637.82-4.484.4839.30439.720532.564443.85443.85416.842.26-8.48.411.37211.4940.471621.639621.6396B、C柱418.663.78-2.432.4327.68428.97124.09330.216630.2166317.065.98-9.819.8128.84429.01115.646240.367440.3674219.386.54-23.323.332.41232.7032.138460.854460.854415.151.74-43.9643.968.6168.6925-47.017263.76263.7622.7框架柱设计混凝土强度等级,,;纵向受力钢筋、箍筋为HRB400,,h0=600-35=565mm,采用对称配筋。1.轴压比验算(非抗震框架轴压比限值1.0,柱的剪跨比不宜小于2)底层柱:=1760.82kN轴压比:=/=1760.82×10/[14.3×(600×600)]=0.34<[1.0],满足要求,则其他各柱的轴压比都能满足要求。剪跨比:=4.95/(2×0.565)=4.38>2,满足要求。2.截面尺寸复核取h0=600-35=565mmmm,=63.762kN,保护层厚度。/=565/600=0.94<3满足要求。剪跨比:=3.3/(2×0.565)=2.92>2,满足要求。0.25=0.25×1.0×14.3×600×565=1212kN>63.762kN满足要求。71
——混凝土强度等级影响系数,当混凝土强度等级不超过C50时,取1.0。3.正截面受弯承载力计算大偏压的弯矩越大,越小越危险;小偏压时越大,越大越危险。柱同一截面分别受正反向弯矩,故采用对称配筋。查表可得:,,。选取B轴柱进行计算:Nb=fch0=1.0×14.3×600×565×0.518=2511.11kN第一层从柱的内力组合表中可见,=1760.82kN>2511.11kN,为大偏压,故选用弯矩大,大的组合。最不利组合为:=57.93kN.m=1664.3kN在弯矩中没有由水平荷载产生的弯矩,柱的计算长度=1.0=4.95m,e0=M/N=57.93/1664.3×103=34.8mm=max(20mm,600mm/30=20mm)=20mm=34.8mm+20mm=54.8mm=0.5×14.3×600×600/(1664.3×)=1.55>1.0,取=1.0。因为/=4.95/0.6=8.25<15,所以。=1+[1/(1400×54.8/565)]×4950/600)×1.0×1.0=1.5偏心距:=1.5×54.8+600/2-35=347.2mm=1664.30×10/1.0×14.3×600×565=0.343<,故为大偏压。又,As,min=A`s,min=0.2%×600×600×0.5=360mm每侧实配316(=603mm)。71
4.垂直于弯矩作用平面的受压承载力验算/=4.95/0.6=8.25,查得=0.96则轴心构件受压承载力设计值:0.9()=0.9×0.96×(14.3×600×600+360×603)=4635.4kN>Nmax=1897.87kN,满足要求。5.斜截面受剪承载力计算第一层,最不利内力组合:=-27.59kN.m=1611.99kN=63.76kN=0.25×1.0×14.3×600×565=1211.93kN>63.76kN,满足要求。因为剪跨比=4.95/(2×0.565)=4.4>3所以取。=1.75×1.43×600×565/(3+1)=212.1kN>=63.76kN故应按构造配置箍筋。柱端加密区长度max(/6,600mm,c),取825。由第一层,查得柱箍筋加密区的箍筋最小配筋特征值0.1,同时对于非抗震框架柱,其箍筋加密区范围内的体积配箍率尚且不应小于0.4%,则最小体积配箍率[8]:=0.1×14.3/360=0.4%0.4%Asv/s≧Acor/lx=(600-2×35)×0.004/[6×(600-2×35)]=0.35取10,三肢箍,78.5,/>0.35则<444mm。根据构造要求,柱端箍筋最大间距为(8,150),取100mm。取加密区箍筋为三肢。非加密区还应满足<15=240mm,故箍筋取三肢。第二层,不利内力组合:M=69.29kN.mN=1191.68kNV=60.85kN=0.25×1.0×14.3×600×565=1211.93kN>V=60.85kN满足要求。因为剪跨比=3.3/(2×0.565)=2.9<3所以取2.9。71
=1.75×1.43×600×565/(2.9+1)=217.53kN>V=60.85kN,按构造配置箍筋。根据构造要求,取加密区长度(/6,600mm,),取600。箍筋加密区的箍筋最小配筋特征值0.1,同时对于非抗震框架柱,其箍筋加密区范围内的体积配箍率尚且不应小于0.4%,则最小体积配箍率:=0.1×14.3/360=0.4%=(600-2×35)×0.4%/[4×(600-2×35)]=0.53取10,三肢箍,78.5,3/>0.53则<445mm。根据构造要求,柱端箍筋最大间距为(8,150),取100mm。取加密区箍筋为三肢。非加密区还应满足<15d=240mm,故箍筋取三肢。2.8框架梁设计现浇框架横梁正截面和斜截面的配筋计算,按受弯构件进行,梁的下部纵筋一般不在跨中截断。为了减小框架梁端塑性区范围内截面的相对受压区高度,塑性铰区截面底部必须配置受压钢筋,受压钢筋的面积与顶面受拉钢筋面积的比值满足以下要求:/0.3。式中和分别是梁端塑性铰区顶面受拉钢筋面积和底面受压钢筋面积。主梁截面尺寸为=600mm,=300mm;次梁=500mm,=250mm。梁内纵向钢筋选HRB400级(==360N/mm),。梁混凝土采用C30(=14.3N/mm,=1.43N/mm,=2.01N/mm)。1.梁的正截面受弯承载力计算一层:AB梁(300mm600mm)按T型截面进行配筋计算,跨中截面M=88.95kN.m,现浇板可作为受压翼缘,其计算宽度[9]:当按跨度考虑时bf=l/3=6000/3=2000mm;当按梁间距考虑时bf=Sn+b=4000+300=4300mmα1fcb’fh’f(h0-h’f/2)=1.014.32000120(575-120/2)=1767.48N.m>M71
αs=M/(α1fcb’fh02)=88.95106/[1.014.320005752]=0.0094=1-=0.0094As=M/fyh0=88.95106/(3600.995575)=432mm2实配218(s=508mm)。As/bh0=508/(300575)100%=0.29%﹥=0.2%600/575=0.209%BC梁(500mm250mm)按T型截面进行配筋计算,跨中截面=23.94kN.m,现浇板可作为受压翼缘,其计算宽度:当按跨度考虑时b’f=l/3=2400/3=800mm当按梁间距考虑时=Sn+b=8200mm=1.014.3800120(475-120/2)=569.7kN.m﹥23.94kN.m,属于第一类T形截面。αs=M/(α1fcb’fh02)=23.94106/[1.014.38004752]=0.0093=1-=0.0093As=M/fyh0=23.94106/(3600.995475)=139mm2实配216(s=402mm)=max[0.2%,(45ft/fy)%]=0.2%As/bh0=402/(250475)100%=0.34%﹥=0.2%500/475=0.21%满足要求。A支座:按矩形截面计算kN.mαs=M/(α1fcb’fh02)=78.16106/[1.014.33005752]=0.055=1-=0.057As=M/fyh0=78.16106/(3600.972575)=367mm271
实配218,As=509mm=max[0.25%,(55ft/fy)%]=0.25%As/bh0=509/(300575)100%=0.29%﹥=0.25%600/575=0.26%B支座(左):M=86.82kN.mαs=M/(α1fcb’fh02)=86.82106/[1.014.33005752]=0.061=1-=0.063As=M/fyh0=86.82106/(3600.97575)=433mm2实配218,As=509mm=max[0.25%,(55ft/fy)%]=0.25%As/bh0=509/(300575)100%=0.30%﹥=0.25%600/575=0.26%B支座(右):M=62.52kN.mαs=M/(α1fcb’fh02)=62.52106/[1.014.33005752]=0.044=1-=0.045As=M/fyh0=62.52106/(3600.98575)=309mm2实配218,As=509mm=max[0.25%,(55ft/fy)%]=0.25%As/bh0=509/(300575)100%=0.30%﹥=0.25%600/575=0.26%框架梁的正截面配筋计算见表2-24:71
表2-24框架梁正截面配筋计算层号计算公式梁AB梁BC左截面跨中截面右截面左截面跨中截面右截面四层(kN.m)-33.8958.1441.86-23.6518.623.650.0250.0060.0310.0170.0050.0170.0250.0060.0310.0170.0050.0170.9870.9970.9840.9910.9970.991168.73286.76209.05117.391.68117.3钢筋上218218218218218218下218218218216216216实配面积(上)509509509509509509实配面积(下)509509509402402402三层(kN.m)-68.6285.1665.95-33.1418.1433.140.0500.0090.0480.0240.0050.02471
0.0510.0090.0480.0240.0050.0240.9740.9950.9750.9880.9980.988346.27426.05332.45164.9589.41164.95钢筋上218218218218218218下218218218216216216实配面积(上)509509509509509509实配面积(下)509509509402402402二层(kN.m)-73.8184.5476.96-43.0117.4543.010.0540.0090.0560.0310.0050.0310.0550.0090.0580.0320.0050.0320.9720.9950.9710.9840.9980.984373.23417.58389.64214.8886.0214.88钢筋上21821821821821821871
下218218218216216216实配面积(上)509509509509509509实配面积(下)509509509402402402底层(kN.m)-78.1688.9588.82-62.5223.9462.520.0550.00940.0610.0440.00930.0440.0570.00940.0630.0450.00930.0450.9720.9950.970.980.9950.98367432433309139309钢筋上218218218218218218下218218216216216216实配面积(上)509509509509509509实配面积(下)50950950940240240271
2.斜截面受剪承载力计算[10]第一层:支座A:=110.61kN截面尺寸验算:hw/b=575/300=1.92﹤4属一般梁。非抗震设计:当hw/b﹤4时,需满足V<0.250.25=0.251.014.3300575=616.69kN﹥V,满足要求。0.7ftbh0=0.71.43300575=172.67kN﹥V,,按构造配置箍筋。选配箍筋=0.24ft/fyv=0.241.43/360=0.1%=nAsv/(bs)=250.3/(300100)=0.335%﹥,满足要求。支座B左:=113.53kN0.25=0.251.014.3300575=616.69kN﹥V,满足要求。0.7ftbh0=0.71.43300575=172.67kN﹥V,,按构造配置箍筋。选配箍筋=0.24ft/fyv=0.241.43/360=0.1%=nAsv/(bs)=250.3/(300100)=0.335%﹥,满足要求。支座B右:=35.30kN0.25=0.251.014.3300575=616.69kN﹥V,满足要求。0.7ftbh0=0.71.43300575=172.67kN﹥V,,按构造配置箍筋。选配箍筋=0.24ft/fyv=0.241.43/360=0.1%=nAsv/(bs)=250.3/(300100)=0.335%﹥,满足要求。对非加密区,配置,=nAsv/(bs)=250.3/(300200)=0.167%﹥,满足构造要求。由内力组合表可知,各层A支座剪力及B支座左右端的剪力相差不大,二至四层的梁箍筋的配置均同第一层。加密区的长度max(1.5h,500mm)。71
表2-25框架梁斜截面强度计算截面支座A支座B左支座B右剪力(kN)110.61113.5335.30加密区实配箍筋加密区长度(mm)900900750非加密区实配箍筋2.9楼板设计四边支承板的长边与短边之比时按双向板设计;2<<3时既可按单向板亦可按双向板;>3按单向板计算。1.设计荷载恒载:3.89kN/m活载:2.5kN/mP=g+q=1.2×3.89+1.4×2.5=8.17kN/mP=g+q/2=1.2×3.89+1/2×1.4×2.5=6.42kN/m2.计算跨度边跨:内跨:(轴线间距离)3.弯矩计算[11]计算弯矩时考虑泊松比影响,取。板的区格划分见图2-23:71
图2-23板的区格划分图A区格(四边固定):l01=2.4ml02=8.0ml01/l02=0.3边跨中,1/11;离端第二支座,-1/11;中跨中,1/16;中间支座,1/14.M1=-MB=(g+q)l012/11=8.17×2.42/11=4.28kN﹒mMc=-(g+q)l012/14=-8.17×2.42/14=-3.36kN﹒mM2=(g+q)l012/16=8.17×2.42/16=2.94kN﹒m对于中间区格单向板,其Mc和M2应乘以0.8,分别为:Mc=0.8×(-3.36)=-2.69kN﹒mM2=0.8×2.94=2.35kN﹒m板的最小保护层厚度c=15mm,板厚120mm,h0=120-20=100mm,板宽b=1000mm,C30混凝土,=1.0,fc=14.3kN/mm2;HRB400钢筋,fy=360N/mm2,HRB400钢筋,弯矩设计值Mc=2.69kN﹒mαs=M/(α1fcb’fh02)=2.69106/[1.014.310001002]=0.019=1-=0.019As=bh0fc/fy=0.01910001001.014.3/360=75.5mm271
As/bh0=75.5/(1000120)100%=0.063%﹥0.45ft/fy=0.451.43/360=0.18%最小配筋率0.2%bh=0.2%1000120=240mm2实配8@190,As=265mm楼板的截面有效高度:短跨方向长跨方向为便于计算,近似取,。截面配筋计算结果及实际配筋列于表2-26、表2-27:表2-26跨中截面配筋计算项目截面(mm)(kN.m)()配筋实有(mm)A区格方向1006.48189.47251方向902.7489.02251表2-27支座截面配筋计算支座(mm)(kN.m)(mm)配筋实有(mm)A-A10010.24299.423352.10楼梯设计(双分平行楼梯)标准层踏步尺寸采用150mm×300mm,共需11个踏步,梯段长3600mm,活荷载标准值3.5kN/m。混凝土为C30,梁中受力筋为HRB400。本设计采用现浇板式楼梯,开间5.4m,进深6m,层高3.3m。楼梯倾斜角,,得71
1.踏步板计算(取1m宽计算)(1)荷载计算混凝土斜板自重0.1225/0.894=3.36kN/m三角踏步板自重0.50.30.1525、0.3=1.88kN/m踏步水磨石面层重(0.3+0.15)0.65/0.3=0.98kN/m板底抹灰重0.0217/0.894=0.38kN/m恒载(合计)6.6kN/m活载3.5kN/m总荷载设计值:P=1.2g+1.4q=1.2×6.6+1.4×3.5=12.82kN/m(2)内力计算踏步板计算跨度:跨中最大弯距设计值为:M=0.1pl2n=0.1×12.82×32=11.54kN.m(3)受弯承载力计算截面有效高度取:=120-20=100mmαs=M/(α1fcb’fh02)=11.54106/[1.014.310001002]=0.081=1-=0.085As=M/fyh0=11.54106/(3600.96100)=334mm2实配218,As=509mm=max[0.25%,(55ft/fy)%]=0.25%As/bh0=509/(300575)100%=0.30%﹥=0.25%600/575=0.26%选用,。分布筋选用每级踏步一根8。2.平台板设计平台板取1m宽作为计算单元,计算跨度,平台板厚度。图2-24平台板计算简图71
(1)荷载计算30厚水磨石面层0.65kN/m平台板自重0.0725=1.75kN/m板底抹灰重0.0217=0.34kN/m恒载合计2.74kN/m活载:3.5kN/m总荷载设计值:P=1.2g+1.4q=1.2×2.74+1.4×3.5=8.19kN/m(2)内力计算平台板的计算跨度l0=1.5-0.2/2=1.5m。跨中弯距设计值M=0.1pl2n=0.1×8.19×1.52=1.84kN.m(3)承载力计算[12]=120-20=100mmαs=M/(α1fcb’fh02)=1.84106/[1.014.310001002]=0.013=1-=0.013As=M/fyh0=1.84106/(3600.993100)=52mm2选用,mm3、平台梁的设计(1)截面尺寸取=400mm,=200mm(2)荷载计算平台板传来恒载2.741.5/2=2.06kN/m梯段板传来恒载6.63.3/2=10.89kN/m平台梁自重0.2(0.4-0.1)25=1.5kN/m平台梁抹灰重0.02(0.4-0.1)217=0.204kN/m恒载合计14.66kN/m活载:3.5(3.3/2+1.5/2)=8.4kN/m总荷载设计值:P=1.2g+1.4q=1.2×14.66+1.4×8.4=29.28kN/m(3)内力计算计算跨度=1.05×(5.4-0.3)=5.36m71
弯距设计值M==1/8×29.28×5.362=105.15kN.m梁端截面剪力V==1/2×29.28×(5.4-0.3)=74.66kN(4)截面设计正截面受弯承载力计算=h-35=400-35=365mm,。=120mm,=l/6=5400/6=900mm;=200+5×120=800mm,取=800mm。=1.0×14.3×800×120×(365-0.5×120)=418.70kN.m>105.15kN.m,应按第一类T型截面配筋计算。αs=M/(α1fcb’fh02)=105.15106/[1.014.38003652]=0.069=1-=0.072As=M/fyh0=105.15106/(3600.964365)=830mm2选用418,As=1017mm2斜截面受剪承载力计算+1.25fyvAsv/sh0=0.7×1.1×200×365+1.25×210×56.6/200×365=83.3kN>74.66Kn,所以只需按构造配置箍筋,选用。2.11基础设计地基承载力为特征值为=255kPa,采用柱下独立锥形基础,基础采用混凝土C30,N/mm,N/mm;垫层为C15,厚100mm;钢筋HRB400,=360N/mm。1.基底尺寸确定(B柱基础)(1)基本组合:=57.24kN.m=47.02kN=1722.77kN(2)标准组合:57.24/1.3=44.03kN.m47.02/1.3=36.17kN1722.77/1.3=1325.21kN71
(3)地基承载力修正选择基础埋深=1600mm。地基承载力特征值=255kPa。根据设计资料,查表知:土的平均重度=20kN/m。承载力特征值[13]:(先不考虑对基础宽度进行修正)=255+0.3×20×(1.6-0.5)=262kPa1.2=1.2×262=314kPa(4)基础底面尺寸估算先按轴心受压估算基底面积:A≧=1325.21/(262-20×1.6)=5.76m2考虑到偏心荷载作用应力分布不均匀,故将计算基底面积增大20%~40%,取1.2。则=5.76×1.2=6.91m,取==2.7m,满足要求。(2)地基承载力验算[14]W==2.7×2.72/6=3.28mkN作用于基底中心的弯矩,轴力分别为:=44.03+36.17×(1.6-0.6)=80.2kN.m=1325.21kN=(1325.21+233.28)/7.29+80.2/3.28=238.24kPa=(1325.21+233.28)/7.29-80.2/3.28=189.33kPa=238.24kPa<1.2×262=314.4kPa=189.33kPa>0=(238.24+189.33)/2=213.79kPa<=262kPa故承受力满足要求。2.基础高度确定(防止冲剪破坏)(1)地基净反力计算:=1722.77/(2.7×2.7)+(57.24+47.02×1.0)/3.28=268.11kN/m71
=1722.77/(2.7×2.7)-(57.24+47.02×1.0)/3.28=204.53kN/m由比例关系可求得柱边缘的地基净反力:=204.53+1650/2700×(268.11-204.53)=243.38kN/m(2)冲切验算冲切破坏锥体最不利一侧斜截面的上、下边长分别为:0.6+2×0.05=0.7m(0.7+2.6)/2=1.65考虑冲切荷载对取用的多边形面积=(2.7/2-0.7/2-0.95)×2.7-(2.7/2-0.7/2-0.95)2=0.13m2=243.38×0.13=31.64kN1-(1000-800)/2700×0.1=0.9930.7=0.7×0.993×1.43×1650×950=1558.1kN〉(3)基础底板配筋计算沿基础一边方向,对柱边截面Ⅰ-Ⅰ,相应于荷载效应基本组合时的弯矩设计值按下式[14]计算:==1/12×1.052×〔(2×2.7+0.6)×(268.11+243.38)+(268.11-243.38)×2.7〕=288.09kN.m=288.09×106/(0.9×950×360)=935.98mm配置钢筋1410,mm。沿基础另一边方向,对柱边截面Ⅱ-Ⅱ,相应于荷载效应基本组合时的弯矩设计值按下式计算:=1/48×(2.7-0.6)2×(2×2.7+0.6)×(268.11+204.53)=260.54kN.m=260.54×106/(0.9×950×360)=846.47mm现配置1410,mm。71
参考文献[1]浙江省建筑设计院.JGJ67-89.办公建筑设计规范.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1990[2]同济大学等编.房屋建筑学.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997[3]中国公安部消防局编.GBJ16-87.建筑设计防火规范(修订本).北京:中国计划出版社,1995[4]李国强、李杰、苏小卒编.建筑结构抗震设计.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998[5]中华人民共和国建设部.GB50009-2001.建筑结构荷载计算规范.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001[6]中华人民共和国建设部.GB50352-2005.民用建筑通则.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005[7]梁兴文.史庆轩编.土木工程专业毕业设计指导.北京:科学出版社,2002[8]天津大学、东南大学、同济大学编.混凝土结构.北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2002[9]中华人民共和国建设部.GB50011-2001.建筑抗震设计规范.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001[10]中华人民共和国建设部.GB50010-2002.混凝土结构设计规范.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002[11]东南大学、天津大学、同济大学合编,清华大学主审.混凝土结构设计原理(中册)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005[12]中国建筑工业出版社编.GB50007-2002.建筑地基基础设计规范.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002[13]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑地基基础设计规范(GB50009-2001)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001[14]华南理工大学,浙江大学,湖南大学编.基础工程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003.7总结71
本次毕业设计是烟台第二小学教学楼设计,位于山东省烟台市莱阳市,是一座典型的四层钢筋混凝土框架结构,抗震设防烈度为6度,总建筑面积约3732平方米,建筑总高度为14.4米,用于小学教学。本设计主要包括建筑设计和结构设计两大部分。建筑设计部分,通过老师具体指导,自己查阅制图规范,严格按照国家设计标准和规范,运用天正CAD绘图软件绘制建筑平面图、立面图、剖面图;在结构设计中,通过查阅大量计算资料,先手算后输入电子版,重温和梳理了现浇混凝土框架结构的整个设计计算过程。在本次毕业设计过程中,我认真查阅了教学楼设计规范及相关规定,在建筑设计方面,对教学楼平面布置和整体造型以及各房间的设置做了较为精心的安排,建筑面积和建筑功能已基本满足要求。结构计算中,通过结构选型、荷载统计、内力计算、内力组合以及配筋计算、地基基础计算等方面,进一步了解了多层框架结构的相关构造要求和设计要点以及注意事项,在老师和同学的帮助下,最终完成了计算书的编写。通过本次设计,我对大学四年所学专业知识有了较为全面系统的认识。设计中综合运用了所学专业课知识和相关专业内容,更为熟悉的了解了设计规范及要求,提高了工程应用的综合能力。但由于设计时间较短,加上自己之前学习不太踏实,比如知识面较窄,对专业知识的掌握程度不够,缺乏实践经验等原因,在设计过程中存在许多差错和不足,希望老师给予批评指正!致谢71
时光荏苒,白驹过隙,大学的学习生活即将结束,能遇到这么多传道解惑的老师、团结互助的同学,将是我一辈子的财富,而正是在老师的指导和同学的帮助下,我才能顺利完成此次毕业设计,为我的大学生活画上了完美的句点。在这里我要特别感谢我的指导教师全洪珠老师,他严谨求实的治学态度、高度负责的敬业精神、兢兢业业的工作作风对我产生了深刻而深远的影响。他言传身教,用实际行动教授我们应以什么样的心态去学习、去工作、取面对生活。如今,毕业设计告一段落,从选题、设计到最终定稿,都是在全老师的悉心指导和安排下完成的。值此设计完成之际,谨向全洪珠老师表示最忠心的感谢和最诚挚地敬意!此外,还要感谢和我一起努力过、奋斗过、熬过夜的同学们,有了他们的热心帮助和陪伴,我才能顺利的完成自己的设计任务。我们相互讨论,相互学习,让我深深的感受到团队协作精神的可贵和精诚合作带来的成绩。在此表示深深感谢,谢谢你们陪我走完大学的最后一段路。四年的学习与生活不过是弹指一挥间,转瞬即逝,但这四年又是人生最关键的四年,大学的所见所闻、所思所想、所学所用,将对我以后的生活、学习和工作产生深远的影响,而这四年的经历必将刻骨铭心。最后,再次衷心地感谢所有关心我、帮助我、支持我的人,谢谢你们!毕业设计图纸目录71
序号图号图纸名称规格1建施-01首层平面图A12建施-02二层平面图A13建施-03三层平面图A14建施-04顶层层平面图A15建施-05屋顶平面图A16建施-061-12立面图A17建施-0712-1立面图A18建施-08A-D立面图、D-A立面图A19建施-091-1剖面图A110建施-10大样图A111结施-01一榀框架配筋图A112结施-02首层楼板配筋图A113结施-03基础平面布置图A114结施-04基础配筋大样图A171
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