外文翻译---谈工程量清单计价与招标投标制

'外文参考ThetalkingoftheengineeringdetailedlistInrecentyears,theourcountrymarketturnstheeconomicsystemalreadybasicbecome,constructtheengineeringtoinvestdiversifiedtrendtohasalreadyappear.Inordertoadapttheengineeringinvitationtobid-to-bidtocompetetobebecomethedemandthattheengineeringbuildsthepricebythemarket,mustaccountthepricemethodandtheengineeringbudgetstosettlethesumtocarryonthehomologousreformtothecurrentengineering.TheReleasetheimplementwiththenationalthestandardof《theconstructiontheengineeringthequantitythedetailedthelistaccountsthepricenorm》,theisthetothefacetotheourthecountryengineeringtheconstructionmarket,theusagethemarketlistthepricemechanism,thereformtheengineeringtothebuildthepricemanagement,thebuildupthegraduallybetheadjustedtothecontrolbythegovernmentmacroview,themarketcontaintheprefacecompetitionformationengineeringbuildthepriceofnewmechanism.Constructthereformthattheengineeringaccountsthepricemethod,symbolizetheourcountryengineeringbuiltthepricemanagementtotakeplacefromthetradition"quantitythepriceuniteasone"ofplanmodetoimportantchangeofthemarketmodeof"thequantitypriceseparate”.Alsoexpress,ourinvitationtobidsystemisrealtostartdriveintotheorbitoftheinternationalusualpractice.Theourcountryconstructsthestaticstatemanagementmodeofthepriceofarticlewidespreadadoption"quantitythepriceuniteasone"currently,thenpasstheengineeringbudgetbuildingpriceofarticle.Butsettlethesumtopointundertheconditionofnormalconstructionproduce,certainlycompletetheprovisionlimitthatartificial,material,machineandfundedofcalculatetheunitproductsconsume,thoughconsumethequantitythestandardisabasisconstructionnorm,thetypicalmodelengineeringtodesign,socialaverageleveletc.theaspectfactorestablishmentof,thebiggestirregularityisthegovernmentdepartmentconcernedtomakesure variouspriceandmanagementfees,evenprofitmargin,didnotconsiderthetechniquespecialtyofthebusinessenterprisecompletelyandlabortherateofproductionlevel,materialthepurchaseoutletandmanagetheability.Justthinkasingle-itemengineering,accordingtosamesettlethesum,itemanditsmountofengineeringofthedifferentbusinessenterprisebudgetshouldbebasicandsame,isalsotheengineeringconstructiondiagrambudgettobuildthebasichomologyofprice,thiskindofaccountsthepricemodesincecan"treflectthevarietyofthemarketpriceintime,evencan"treflectthebusinessenterpriseconstruction,techniqueandmanagethelevel.Theamountofengineeringdetailedlistaccountsthepriceaccordingto"quantitythepriceseparate"principle,whileconstructingtheengineeringconstructiontorecruittobid,invitingbidsthepersontostartconstructionaccordingtotheengineeringdiagrampaper,requestaccordingtotheinvitationtobiddocument,taketheunitedengineeringquantitycalculationruleasthequantitydetailedlistthatthebidderprovidestherealobjectengineeringquantityitemandthetechniquemeasureitem;Bidderaccordingtoprovideofunifythequantityandcombinethecomprehensiverealstrengthindependenceofferoftheitem,market,riskandthisbusinessenterprisetowardsdrawingupthedescriptionandrequestsofsetuptheengineeringcircumstances,.TheNewaccountthepricethemodepredominancetheprincipleis"thesettlethesumquantity,themarketprice,thecompetethefee",thethenfromthenationalthesupervisorworkingthetalentsectiontheatunifytheamounttheofengineeringthecalculationrule,theunifytheamountoftheengineeringcalculationunit,theunifythedemarcationofthedivideantheengineeringandtheunifyundertheprincipletheoftheitemcoding,thedrawup《theconstructionengineeringquantitydetailedlistaccountsthepricenorm》,theconductandactionsiscompulsorysexstandardunifiestheimplementinthewholecountry,certaininthepastsettlesuminprescriptiveconstructionmethod,consumemeasurelevel,takefeeetc.Changefromitemorbusinessenterprises,therealization-buildingpriceofarticlemarketturn.Becausearealobjectthatreflectedtheengineeringconsumeandrelevantexpenses,therefore,thiskindofaccountthepricemodetobeeasytocombineto constructtheengineeringofconcretecircumstance,becomecurrentwiththebudgetsettlesthesumforthebasalstaticstateaccountsthepricemodeforconsidervariousfactorinthedynamicstateintheunitpricetoaccountthepricemode.Thepastinvitationtobidbidstomake,recruitingtobidthebothpartiesaimatsomeonconstructingtheproduct,accordingtosameconstructiondiagrampaper,makeuseofthesamebudgettosettlethesumandtakethefeestandard,anestablishmentinvitesbidstomarkthebottom,anestablishmentbidstoquote.Adopttheamountofengineeringdetailedlistrecruitstobid,requesttorecruittobidbothpartiesstrictlyaccordingtonormoftheengineeringquantitydetailedliststandardformatfillin,invitebidsthepersonintheformdetailedandaccurateengineeringcontentsthatthedescriptionshouldcomplete;Bidderengineeringcontentsofdescriptionaccordingtothedetailedlistform,combinetheengineeringcircumstance,marketcompetitioncircumstanceandthisbusinessenterpriserealstrengths,considervariousriskfactorwell,theindependencefillstoreportthedetailedlist,listingtoincludetheitems,suchasengineeringdirectcost,indirectcost,profitsandthetaxgold...etc.atinsideofcomprehensiveunitpriceandgathertheprice,andwithsynthesizetheunitpricethereporttheconductandactionsfinishesconstructiontheinvitationtobidofthebalanceofaccountsadjustmentpricetobidway.Itdividesthelinetorecruittheworkofbidthebothpartiesdefinitely,invitingbidsthepersoncalculationquantity,thebiddermakesureprice,witheachothernotcross,repetition,notonlybeadvantageoustotheownercontroltobuildtheprice,alsobeadvantageoustotheundertakerindependenceoffer;Notonlyraisedtheinvestmentperformanceoftheowner,butalsourgetheundertakerintheunderconstructionadoptionnewtechnique,newcraft,newmaterial,workhardtodeclinelowcost,increasetheprofits,keeptheadvantagepositioninvehemenceofmarketcompete.Intheend,theengineeringquantitydetailedlistaccountsthepriceistheinevitabletrendofthebuildingindustrydevelopment,isamarketeconomytheinevitableoutcomeofthedevelopment,alsoistoadapttheinternationaldomesticbuildingmarketcompetitioninevitabletochoose,itbidstotheinvitationtobidmechanismofperfectanddevelopment,builduphavetheconstructionmarketthefaircompetitionordersoftheprefacesandwillrisetheveryaggressivepushfunction. 译文谈工程量清单计价与招标投标制 近年来，我国市场化经济体系已基本形成，建设工程投资多元化的趋势已经出现。为适应工程招标投标竞争由市场形成工程造价的需要，必须对现行工程计价方式和工程预算定额进行相应的改革。　　以国家标准发布实施的《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》，是面向我国工程建设市场，运用市场定价机制，改革工程造价管理，逐步建立由政府宏观调控、市场有序竞争形成工程造价的新机制。建设工程计价方式的改革，标志着我国工程造价管理发生了由传统“量价合一”的计划模式向“量价分离”的市场模式的重大转变。同时也表明，我国招标制度真正开始驶入国际惯例的轨道。   　我国现阶段建筑产品价格普遍采用“量价合一”的静态管理模式，即通过工程预算建筑产品价格。而定额指在正常施工生产条件下，完成一定计量单位产品的人工、材料、机械和资金消耗的规定额度，尽管消耗量标准是依据施工规范、典型工程设计、社会平均水平等方面因素制定的，但最大的弊端是政府有关部门确定各种价格和管理费，甚至利润率，完全没有考虑企业的技术专长、劳动生产率水平、材料采购渠道和管理能力。试想一个单项工程，按照同一定额，不同企业预算的项目及其工程量应该是基本相同的，也就是工程施工图预算造价基本相同，这种计价模式既不能及时反映市场价格的变化，更不能反映企业施工、技术、管理水平。　　工程量清单计价按照“量价分离”原则，在建设工程施工招投标时，招标人依据工程施工图纸、按照招标文件要求，以统一的工程量计算规则为投标人提供实物工程量项目和技术措施项目的数量清单；投标人根据提供的统一量和对拟建工程情况的描述及要求，结合项目、市场、风险以及本企业的综合实力自主报价。新型计价模式主导原则是“定额量、市价、竞争费”，即由国家主管职能部门在统一工程量计算规则、统一工程量计算单位、统一分部分项工程的划分、统一项目编码的原则下，编制《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》，作为强制性标准在全国统一实施，把过去定额中规定的施工方法、消耗量水平、取费等改由项目或企业来确定，实现建筑产品价格市场化。  　　由于工程量清单明细地反映了工程的实物消耗和有关费用，因此，这种计价模式易于结合建设工程的具体情况，变现行以预算定额为基础的静态计价模式为将各种因素考虑在单价内的动态计价模式。过去的招标投标制，招投标双方针对某一建筑产品，依据同一施工图纸，运用相同的预算定额和取费标准，一个编制招标标底，一个编制投标报价。采用工程量清单招投标，要求招投标双方严格按照规范的工程量清单标准格式填写，招标人在表格中详细、准确描述应该完成的工程内容；投标人根据清单表格中描述的工程内容，结合工程情况、市场竞争情况和本企业实力，充分考虑各种风险因素，自主填报清单，列出包括工程直接成本、间接成本、利润和税金等项目在内的综合单价与汇总价，并以所报综合单价作为竣工结算调整价的招标投标方式。它明确划分了招投标双方的工作，招标人计算量，投标人确定价，互不交叉、重复，不仅有利于业主控制造价，也有利于承包商自主报价；不仅提高了业主的投资效益，还促使承包商在施工中采用新技术、新工艺、新材料，努力降低成本、增加利润，在激烈的市场竞争中保持优势地位。　　总之，工程量清单计价是建筑业发展的必然趋势，是市场经济发展的必然结果，也是适应国际国内建筑市场竞争的必然选择，它对招标投标机制的完善和发展，建立有序的建设市场公平竞争秩序都将起到非常积极的推动作用。'