工程量清单计价模式下招标阶段工程造价的控制

'solidgraspofimplement.Below,implementthegoodspiritofthemeeting,thefourpoints.Toquicklystartthedeployment.Thecountyunitstotothemeetingtoit,andactquicklyandseriouslycommunicateconferencespirit,especiallysensitiveSecretaryoftheimportantspeechcontent,tounifytheirthinkingandactiontothecentral,provincialcountydecision-makingarrangements,andenhancethedevelopmentofeducationofideologicalconsciousnessandconsciousactionlearning.Eachunittocombineactualcarefulplanning,paycloseattentiontostudyandformulateimplementationplans,timelyonthe"twostudiesanda"learningandteachingarrangementstoensurethatlearningstartingpointstart,highstandardtocarryout,thehighqualityadvance.Tocarefullyorganizedandimplemented.Adheretothe"learning"isthefoundation,"do"isthekey,strengthenproblemoriented,strictlyfromasolidgraspoflearningandteachingorganizationandimplementation,promotetasksimplemented.Toregular,normallearningeducationasthemainstartingpoint,focusingonthedistinctionbetweenthecharacteristicsofdifferenttypesofPartyorganization,theactualneedsofthedifferentgroupsofPartymembers,topromotelearningeducationsystemimplementation,strengthenguidance,focusonprecisemeasuresandpolicies,encouragegrass-rootsexplorationandinnovation,andconstantlyimprovethelearningeffect.　　Toclearspecificresponsibilities.Partycommittees(party)tograspthelearningeducationasaleadingtaskofthepartybuildsthejobtocatch,earnestlyfulfilltheresponsibilitysubjectofPartybuilding,carefulplanningandarrangements,carefullyorganizedandimplemented,solidpropulsion.Partycommittees(party)ismainlyresponsibleforthecomradestoeffectivelyassumetheresponsibilityasthefirstresponsibleperson,personally,responsibility,improper"balldispensers",thespecificworkoftestingtheeffectivenessoflearningeducationeffect,thecatchinplacetoensurethat,seetheeffectiveness.Fourtoco-ordinatearrangementstoimplement.Tocarryoutthelearningpurposeofeducationispromoteworkcentertodevelop,itmustbecarefullystudiedandthinkdeeplyaboutlearningrelationshipofeducationandtheworkofthecenter,co-ordinatearrangementsforthecountyofthefocusoftheworksmoothly,toinspiretheeducationofPartymembersandcadresdoentrepreneurialenthusiasmandtransformationforthestrongpowertopromoteeconomicandsocialdevelopmentacrossandboostthecountyeconomyandsocialsoundandrapiddevelopment!Inaccordancewiththerequirementsofthemunicipal,prefecturalstraighteachunit,town(Park),village(community)thebranch(Branch)"twostudiesdo"studyandeducationworkconferencetoonApril28heldrecentlycompleted,andtoimplementtheconferencespiritandthetimesCountyspecialeducationcoordinationgroup目录摘要：2第一章工程量清单计价模式在招投标阶段对工程造价控制的影响31.1招投标阶段工程造价控制的目标31.2工程量清单计价模式在招投标阶段控制的工作重点41.4工程量清单计价在招投标阶段存在的不足71.41、招标方存在的问题  7第二章、在招投标阶段工程造价控制的方法与管理措施102.1、造价控制的方法102.11、准确编制标底预算，严格公正评定标102.12、抓好甲供设备、材料投资管理102.13、严格办理设计变更签证112.14、竣工决算时严格设计变更单的审查112.15、抓好项目实施及竣工决算中审计制度的落实122.2工程造价控制体现的管理措施12参考文献：14ProvidetrainingandtheintroductionofaXXinXXcityXXspecialchildren"sRehabilitationCenterCityFederationofthedisabledandallsectorsofthecommunityconcernandsupportin2013Decemberwasestablished,withthepurposeof"rehabilitation,happy,warmapieceof"rehabilitationpurposes,forthecity"shearingimpairment,autism,mentalretardation,limbandotherspecialchildrentoprovidehigh-quality,convenientandefficientrehabilitationservicesisasetofeducationalrehabilitation,rehabilitationexerciseinonecomprehensiverehabilitationservices.Thecentersinceitsestablishment,adheringtotherehabilitationeffectasthemainstartingpoint,thefullimplementationofprofessionalrehabilitationservicepersonnel,andconstantlyenhancetherehabilitationserviceability,2yearsforatotalof36childrenwithspecialneedschildrenKangComplexservices,includingsixspecialchildrenafterrehabilitationtrainingwereinvolvedinordinarykindergartensandelementaryschoolsenrolled.Atpresent,inthecenteroftheacceptrehabilitationtrainingforchildrenwithspecial22,oneof4childrenwithmentalretardation,childrenwithhearingdisability,9,childrenwithphysicaldisabilities9.IntheMunicipalFederationandthesocialfromallwalksoflifecareandsupport,we,JiangsuProvince,therehabilitationofthedisabledbodyspecificationofconstructionstandardsinaccordancewith,andgraduallymakethecentertothedistinctive,comprehensive,functionmoreperfectprofessionalrehabilitationorganizationstodevelopinthedirectionof,inthedevelopmentprocesswealsoencounteredadifficult,butthroughtheunremittingeffortsofallemployeesinthecenterintherehabilitationeffect,rehabilitationserviceabilityandtherehabilitationservicelevelpromotionbythegoodsocialeffect,whichismainlyreflectedinthefollowingfouraspects:,rehabilitationinstitutionstoregulateconstruction.Rehabilitationcentermustbeinaccordancewiththehardware,personnel,services,rehabilitation,rehabilitationassessmentconstructionstandardizationconstruction,asthecenterisaprivatenon-profitorganizationinthehardwareconstructioninvestmenthasgreatdifficulty.ThereforewepromptlyandcityFIMITICcommunicationandmunicipalCDPFleadershipintheunderstandingoftheactualsituationofcenterofrehabilitationtrainingvenues,equipmentandgavestrongsupport.Atthesametime,wehavealsosentprofessionalrehabilitationteachersparticipatedintheprovincialspecialchildren"srehabilitationprofessionaltrainingclass,letthemcontinuouslybroadentheconceptofrehabilitation,thelearnedknowledgetopracticalwork,graduallyperfectingtherehabilitationeducationLearningquality,enhancetheabilityofrehabilitationservices.,childrentofullyenjoythenearby,ahandyrehabilitationservices.Foundinthepresenceofhearingdisordersinchildrenmustbetimelytowearhearingaidsandrehabilitationtraining,inourcitylastyear,throughtherehabilitationassessmentofhearing-impairedchildrenSunWangyanin2012begantoaccept13 solidgraspofimplement.Below,implementthegoodspiritofthemeeting,thefourpoints.Toquicklystartthedeployment.Thecountyunitstotothemeetingtoit,andactquicklyandseriouslycommunicateconferencespirit,especiallysensitiveSecretaryoftheimportantspeechcontent,tounifytheirthinkingandactiontothecentral,provincialcountydecision-makingarrangements,andenhancethedevelopmentofeducationofideologicalconsciousnessandconsciousactionlearning.Eachunittocombineactualcarefulplanning,paycloseattentiontostudyandformulateimplementationplans,timelyonthe"twostudiesanda"learningandteachingarrangementstoensurethatlearningstartingpointstart,highstandardtocarryout,thehighqualityadvance.Tocarefullyorganizedandimplemented.Adheretothe"learning"isthefoundation,"do"isthekey,strengthenproblemoriented,strictlyfromasolidgraspoflearningandteachingorganizationandimplementation,promotetasksimplemented.Toregular,normallearningeducationasthemainstartingpoint,focusingonthedistinctionbetweenthecharacteristicsofdifferenttypesofPartyorganization,theactualneedsofthedifferentgroupsofPartymembers,topromotelearningeducationsystemimplementation,strengthenguidance,focusonprecisemeasuresandpolicies,encouragegrass-rootsexplorationandinnovation,andconstantlyimprovethelearningeffect.　　Toclearspecificresponsibilities.Partycommittees(party)tograspthelearningeducationasaleadingtaskofthepartybuildsthejobtocatch,earnestlyfulfilltheresponsibilitysubjectofPartybuilding,carefulplanningandarrangements,carefullyorganizedandimplemented,solidpropulsion.Partycommittees(party)ismainlyresponsibleforthecomradestoeffectivelyassumetheresponsibilityasthefirstresponsibleperson,personally,responsibility,improper"balldispensers",thespecificworkoftestingtheeffectivenessoflearningeducationeffect,thecatchinplacetoensurethat,seetheeffectiveness.Fourtoco-ordinatearrangementstoimplement.Tocarryoutthelearningpurposeofeducationispromoteworkcentertodevelop,itmustbecarefullystudiedandthinkdeeplyaboutlearningrelationshipofeducationandtheworkofthecenter,co-ordinatearrangementsforthecountyofthefocusoftheworksmoothly,toinspiretheeducationofPartymembersandcadresdoentrepreneurialenthusiasmandtransformationforthestrongpowertopromoteeconomicandsocialdevelopmentacrossandboostthecountyeconomyandsocialsoundandrapiddevelopment!Inaccordancewiththerequirementsofthemunicipal,prefecturalstraighteachunit,town(Park),village(community)thebranch(Branch)"twostudiesdo"studyandeducationworkconferencetoonApril28heldrecentlycompleted,andtoimplementtheconferencespiritandthetimesCountyspecialeducationcoordinationgroup工程量清单计价模式下招标阶段工程造价的控制摘要：我国的建设工程计价以工程预算定额作为计价模式。工程预算定额是按照不同地区、不同企业工程量清单计价是国际上通行的，比较完善刚成熟的计价方法。实行工程量清单计价，逐步形成以“市场形成价格、企业自主定价的新格局，把工程计价的权利真正交给企业、交给市场。在这种工程量清单计价模式下，如何加强工程造价管理，有效地控制造价，是一个值得探讨的问题。的平均水平制定的，以此为依据形成的工程造价基本上属于社会平均价格。关键词：工程量清单、招标、控制ProvidetrainingandtheintroductionofaXXinXXcityXXspecialchildren"sRehabilitationCenterCityFederationofthedisabledandallsectorsofthecommunityconcernandsupportin2013Decemberwasestablished,withthepurposeof"rehabilitation,happy,warmapieceof"rehabilitationpurposes,forthecity"shearingimpairment,autism,mentalretardation,limbandotherspecialchildrentoprovidehigh-quality,convenientandefficientrehabilitationservicesisasetofeducationalrehabilitation,rehabilitationexerciseinonecomprehensiverehabilitationservices.Thecentersinceitsestablishment,adheringtotherehabilitationeffectasthemainstartingpoint,thefullimplementationofprofessionalrehabilitationservicepersonnel,andconstantlyenhancetherehabilitationserviceability,2yearsforatotalof36childrenwithspecialneedschildrenKangComplexservices,includingsixspecialchildrenafterrehabilitationtrainingwereinvolvedinordinarykindergartensandelementaryschoolsenrolled.Atpresent,inthecenteroftheacceptrehabilitationtrainingforchildrenwithspecial22,oneof4childrenwithmentalretardation,childrenwithhearingdisability,9,childrenwithphysicaldisabilities9.IntheMunicipalFederationandthesocialfromallwalksoflifecareandsupport,we,JiangsuProvince,therehabilitationofthedisabledbodyspecificationofconstructionstandardsinaccordancewith,andgraduallymakethecentertothedistinctive,comprehensive,functionmoreperfectprofessionalrehabilitationorganizationstodevelopinthedirectionof,inthedevelopmentprocesswealsoencounteredadifficult,butthroughtheunremittingeffortsofallemployeesinthecenterintherehabilitationeffect,rehabilitationserviceabilityandtherehabilitationservicelevelpromotionbythegoodsocialeffect,whichismainlyreflectedinthefollowingfouraspects:,rehabilitationinstitutionstoregulateconstruction.Rehabilitationcentermustbeinaccordancewiththehardware,personnel,services,rehabilitation,rehabilitationassessmentconstructionstandardizationconstruction,asthecenterisaprivatenon-profitorganizationinthehardwareconstructioninvestmenthasgreatdifficulty.ThereforewepromptlyandcityFIMITICcommunicationandmunicipalCDPFleadershipintheunderstandingoftheactualsituationofcenterofrehabilitationtrainingvenues,equipmentandgavestrongsupport.Atthesametime,wehavealsosentprofessionalrehabilitationteachersparticipatedintheprovincialspecialchildren"srehabilitationprofessionaltrainingclass,letthemcontinuouslybroadentheconceptofrehabilitation,thelearnedknowledgetopracticalwork,graduallyperfectingtherehabilitationeducationLearningquality,enhancetheabilityofrehabilitationservices.,childrentofullyenjoythenearby,ahandyrehabilitationservices.Foundinthepresenceofhearingdisordersinchildrenmustbetimelytowearhearingaidsandrehabilitationtraining,inourcitylastyear,throughtherehabilitationassessmentofhearing-impairedchildrenSunWangyanin2012begantoaccept13 solidgraspofimplement.Below,implementthegoodspiritofthemeeting,thefourpoints.Toquicklystartthedeployment.Thecountyunitstotothemeetingtoit,andactquicklyandseriouslycommunicateconferencespirit,especiallysensitiveSecretaryoftheimportantspeechcontent,tounifytheirthinkingandactiontothecentral,provincialcountydecision-makingarrangements,andenhancethedevelopmentofeducationofideologicalconsciousnessandconsciousactionlearning.Eachunittocombineactualcarefulplanning,paycloseattentiontostudyandformulateimplementationplans,timelyonthe"twostudiesanda"learningandteachingarrangementstoensurethatlearningstartingpointstart,highstandardtocarryout,thehighqualityadvance.Tocarefullyorganizedandimplemented.Adheretothe"learning"isthefoundation,"do"isthekey,strengthenproblemoriented,strictlyfromasolidgraspoflearningandteachingorganizationandimplementation,promotetasksimplemented.Toregular,normallearningeducationasthemainstartingpoint,focusingonthedistinctionbetweenthecharacteristicsofdifferenttypesofPartyorganization,theactualneedsofthedifferentgroupsofPartymembers,topromotelearningeducationsystemimplementation,strengthenguidance,focusonprecisemeasuresandpolicies,encouragegrass-rootsexplorationandinnovation,andconstantlyimprovethelearningeffect.　　Toclearspecificresponsibilities.Partycommittees(party)tograspthelearningeducationasaleadingtaskofthepartybuildsthejobtocatch,earnestlyfulfilltheresponsibilitysubjectofPartybuilding,carefulplanningandarrangements,carefullyorganizedandimplemented,solidpropulsion.Partycommittees(party)ismainlyresponsibleforthecomradestoeffectivelyassumetheresponsibilityasthefirstresponsibleperson,personally,responsibility,improper"balldispensers",thespecificworkoftestingtheeffectivenessoflearningeducationeffect,thecatchinplacetoensurethat,seetheeffectiveness.Fourtoco-ordinatearrangementstoimplement.Tocarryoutthelearningpurposeofeducationispromoteworkcentertodevelop,itmustbecarefullystudiedandthinkdeeplyaboutlearningrelationshipofeducationandtheworkofthecenter,co-ordinatearrangementsforthecountyofthefocusoftheworksmoothly,toinspiretheeducationofPartymembersandcadresdoentrepreneurialenthusiasmandtransformationforthestrongpowertopromoteeconomicandsocialdevelopmentacrossandboostthecountyeconomyandsocialsoundandrapiddevelopment!Inaccordancewiththerequirementsofthemunicipal,prefecturalstraighteachunit,town(Park),village(community)thebranch(Branch)"twostudiesdo"studyandeducationworkconferencetoonApril28heldrecentlycompleted,andtoimplementtheconferencespiritandthetimesCountyspecialeducationcoordinationgroup第一章工程量清单计价模式在招投标阶段对工程造价控制的影响1.1招投标阶段工程造价控制的目标招投标阶段工程造价控制的目标有两点：确定合理的合同价和严密的工程合同价得以稳妥实现。新的计价模式对这两点都将产生深刻的影响：　　㈠合同价的形成方式使工程造价更接近工程实际价值。首先，确定合同价的两个重要因素———投标报价和标底价都以实物法编制，采用的消耗量、价格、费率都是市场波动值，因此使合同价能更好地反映工程造价性质和特点，更接近市场价值。其次，易于对工程造价进行动态控制。在原计价模式下，无论合同采用固定价还是可调价格，无论工程量变化多大，无论施工工期多长，双方只要约定采用国家定额、国家造价管理部门调整和材料指导价和颁布的价格调整系数，便适用于合同内、外项目的结算。在新的计价模式下，工程量由招标人提供，报价人的竞争性报价是基于工程量清单上所列量值，招标人为避免由于对图纸理解不同而引起的问题，一般不要求报价人对工程量提出意见或作出判断。但是工程量变化会改变施工组织、改变施工现场情况，从而引起施工成本、利润率、管理费率变化，因此带来项目单价的变化。新的计价模式能实现真正意义上的工程造价动态控制。考试大提供　　㈡ProvidetrainingandtheintroductionofaXXinXXcityXXspecialchildren"sRehabilitationCenterCityFederationofthedisabledandallsectorsofthecommunityconcernandsupportin2013Decemberwasestablished,withthepurposeof"rehabilitation,happy,warmapieceof"rehabilitationpurposes,forthecity"shearingimpairment,autism,mentalretardation,limbandotherspecialchildrentoprovidehigh-quality,convenientandefficientrehabilitationservicesisasetofeducationalrehabilitation,rehabilitationexerciseinonecomprehensiverehabilitationservices.Thecentersinceitsestablishment,adheringtotherehabilitationeffectasthemainstartingpoint,thefullimplementationofprofessionalrehabilitationservicepersonnel,andconstantlyenhancetherehabilitationserviceability,2yearsforatotalof36childrenwithspecialneedschildrenKangComplexservices,includingsixspecialchildrenafterrehabilitationtrainingwereinvolvedinordinarykindergartensandelementaryschoolsenrolled.Atpresent,inthecenteroftheacceptrehabilitationtrainingforchildrenwithspecial22,oneof4childrenwithmentalretardation,childrenwithhearingdisability,9,childrenwithphysicaldisabilities9.IntheMunicipalFederationandthesocialfromallwalksoflifecareandsupport,we,JiangsuProvince,therehabilitationofthedisabledbodyspecificationofconstructionstandardsinaccordancewith,andgraduallymakethecentertothedistinctive,comprehensive,functionmoreperfectprofessionalrehabilitationorganizationstodevelopinthedirectionof,inthedevelopmentprocesswealsoencounteredadifficult,butthroughtheunremittingeffortsofallemployeesinthecenterintherehabilitationeffect,rehabilitationserviceabilityandtherehabilitationservicelevelpromotionbythegoodsocialeffect,whichismainlyreflectedinthefollowingfouraspects:,rehabilitationinstitutionstoregulateconstruction.Rehabilitationcentermustbeinaccordancewiththehardware,personnel,services,rehabilitation,rehabilitationassessmentconstructionstandardizationconstruction,asthecenterisaprivatenon-profitorganizationinthehardwareconstructioninvestmenthasgreatdifficulty.ThereforewepromptlyandcityFIMITICcommunicationandmunicipalCDPFleadershipintheunderstandingoftheactualsituationofcenterofrehabilitationtrainingvenues,equipmentandgavestrongsupport.Atthesametime,wehavealsosentprofessionalrehabilitationteachersparticipatedintheprovincialspecialchildren"srehabilitationprofessionaltrainingclass,letthemcontinuouslybroadentheconceptofrehabilitation,thelearnedknowledgetopracticalwork,graduallyperfectingtherehabilitationeducationLearningquality,enhancetheabilityofrehabilitationservices.,childrentofullyenjoythenearby,ahandyrehabilitationservices.Foundinthepresenceofhearingdisordersinchildrenmustbetimelytowearhearingaidsandrehabilitationtraining,inourcitylastyear,throughtherehabilitationassessmentofhearing-impairedchildrenSunWangyanin2012begantoaccept13 solidgraspofimplement.Below,implementthegoodspiritofthemeeting,thefourpoints.Toquicklystartthedeployment.Thecountyunitstotothemeetingtoit,andactquicklyandseriouslycommunicateconferencespirit,especiallysensitiveSecretaryoftheimportantspeechcontent,tounifytheirthinkingandactiontothecentral,provincialcountydecision-makingarrangements,andenhancethedevelopmentofeducationofideologicalconsciousnessandconsciousactionlearning.Eachunittocombineactualcarefulplanning,paycloseattentiontostudyandformulateimplementationplans,timelyonthe"twostudiesanda"learningandteachingarrangementstoensurethatlearningstartingpointstart,highstandardtocarryout,thehighqualityadvance.Tocarefullyorganizedandimplemented.Adheretothe"learning"isthefoundation,"do"isthekey,strengthenproblemoriented,strictlyfromasolidgraspoflearningandteachingorganizationandimplementation,promotetasksimplemented.Toregular,normallearningeducationasthemainstartingpoint,focusingonthedistinctionbetweenthecharacteristicsofdifferenttypesofPartyorganization,theactualneedsofthedifferentgroupsofPartymembers,topromotelearningeducationsystemimplementation,strengthenguidance,focusonprecisemeasuresandpolicies,encouragegrass-rootsexplorationandinnovation,andconstantlyimprovethelearningeffect.　　Toclearspecificresponsibilities.Partycommittees(party)tograspthelearningeducationasaleadingtaskofthepartybuildsthejobtocatch,earnestlyfulfilltheresponsibilitysubjectofPartybuilding,carefulplanningandarrangements,carefullyorganizedandimplemented,solidpropulsion.Partycommittees(party)ismainlyresponsibleforthecomradestoeffectivelyassumetheresponsibilityasthefirstresponsibleperson,personally,responsibility,improper"balldispensers",thespecificworkoftestingtheeffectivenessoflearningeducationeffect,thecatchinplacetoensurethat,seetheeffectiveness.Fourtoco-ordinatearrangementstoimplement.Tocarryoutthelearningpurposeofeducationispromoteworkcentertodevelop,itmustbecarefullystudiedandthinkdeeplyaboutlearningrelationshipofeducationandtheworkofthecenter,co-ordinatearrangementsforthecountyofthefocusoftheworksmoothly,toinspiretheeducationofPartymembersandcadresdoentrepreneurialenthusiasmandtransformationforthestrongpowertopromoteeconomicandsocialdevelopmentacrossandboostthecountyeconomyandsocialsoundandrapiddevelopment!Inaccordancewiththerequirementsofthemunicipal,prefecturalstraighteachunit,town(Park),village(community)thebranch(Branch)"twostudiesdo"studyandeducationworkconferencetoonApril28heldrecentlycompleted,andtoimplementtheconferencespiritandthetimesCountyspecialeducationcoordinationgroup在合同条款的约定上，双方的风险和责任意识加强。在原计价模式下，由于计价方法单一，承发包双方对有关风险和责任意识不强。新的计价模式下，招投标双方对合同价的确定共同承担责任。招标人提供工程量，承担工程量变更或计算错误的责任，投标单位只对自己所报的成本、单价负责。工程量结算时，根据实际完成的工程量，按约定的办法调整。双方对工程情况的理解以不同的方式体现在合同价中，招标方以工程量清单表现，投标方体现在报价中。另外，工程一般项目造价已通过清单报价明确下来，在日后的施工过程中，施工企业为获取最大的利益，会利用工程变更和索赔手段追求额外的费用。因此，双方对合同管理的意识会大大加强，合同条款的约定会更加周密。 　㈢招投标阶段工程造价控制体现在三个方面：获得竞争性投标报价、有效评价最合理报价、签订合同预先控制造价变更。新的计价模式赋予三个方面造价控制工作新的内容和新的侧重点。首先工程量清单成为报价的统一基础使获得竞争性投标报价得到有力保证，无标底合理低价中标评标方式使评选的中标价更为合理，合同条款更注重风险的合理分摊，更注重对造价的动态控制，更注重对价格调整以及工程变更、索赔等方面的约定。1.2工程量清单计价模式在招投标阶段控制的工作重点1.21、注重招标文件的编制　招投标文件是控制工程造价的关键，是建设工程从招投标过程到工程项目实施全过程的纲领性文件。必须做到无矛盾、无漏洞，否则，就会给随后的施工管理和造价控制造成很大的麻烦，使工程竣工结算大大超出投标报价。　 （1）招标范围要明确具体。对那些施工图中有的而很有可能不要做的项目尽量不要列入招标范围，以防止投标单位采取不平衡报价的策略，在这些可能不要做的项目上报低价，而在总价不变的情况下抬高其它项目的报价，使必做部分工程造价增高；对施工图中做法不明确的项目，在招标前要明确其具体做法，使这些项目的单价能准确的确定。      （2）招标文件中要载明的计价依据包括施工图纸、工程量清单计价规范、消耗量标准、取费标准、当时当地材料预算价格以及建设行政主管部门颁发的有关工程造价的文件。这些计价依据对投标单位的投标报价都有很重要的影响，特别是材料预算价格的选定，对投标报价的影响更为明显。     （3）工期对造价的影响主要表现在垂直运输机械台班消耗量、周转材料的占用时间及占用量三个方面。工期越短垂直运输机械台班消耗量越少，周转材料的占用时间越少会降低工程成本，但是，如果工期太短就会引起周转材料的投入量大大增加，周转材料的场外运输费用也会相应增加，从而会造成工程成本的增加。因此，应找出使工程成本降低最大的最优工期，将其确定为招标工程工期。     ProvidetrainingandtheintroductionofaXXinXXcityXXspecialchildren"sRehabilitationCenterCityFederationofthedisabledandallsectorsofthecommunityconcernandsupportin2013Decemberwasestablished,withthepurposeof"rehabilitation,happy,warmapieceof"rehabilitationpurposes,forthecity"shearingimpairment,autism,mentalretardation,limbandotherspecialchildrentoprovidehigh-quality,convenientandefficientrehabilitationservicesisasetofeducationalrehabilitation,rehabilitationexerciseinonecomprehensiverehabilitationservices.Thecentersinceitsestablishment,adheringtotherehabilitationeffectasthemainstartingpoint,thefullimplementationofprofessionalrehabilitationservicepersonnel,andconstantlyenhancetherehabilitationserviceability,2yearsforatotalof36childrenwithspecialneedschildrenKangComplexservices,includingsixspecialchildrenafterrehabilitationtrainingwereinvolvedinordinarykindergartensandelementaryschoolsenrolled.Atpresent,inthecenteroftheacceptrehabilitationtrainingforchildrenwithspecial22,oneof4childrenwithmentalretardation,childrenwithhearingdisability,9,childrenwithphysicaldisabilities9.IntheMunicipalFederationandthesocialfromallwalksoflifecareandsupport,we,JiangsuProvince,therehabilitationofthedisabledbodyspecificationofconstructionstandardsinaccordancewith,andgraduallymakethecentertothedistinctive,comprehensive,functionmoreperfectprofessionalrehabilitationorganizationstodevelopinthedirectionof,inthedevelopmentprocesswealsoencounteredadifficult,butthroughtheunremittingeffortsofallemployeesinthecenterintherehabilitationeffect,rehabilitationserviceabilityandtherehabilitationservicelevelpromotionbythegoodsocialeffect,whichismainlyreflectedinthefollowingfouraspects:,rehabilitationinstitutionstoregulateconstruction.Rehabilitationcentermustbeinaccordancewiththehardware,personnel,services,rehabilitation,rehabilitationassessmentconstructionstandardizationconstruction,asthecenterisaprivatenon-profitorganizationinthehardwareconstructioninvestmenthasgreatdifficulty.ThereforewepromptlyandcityFIMITICcommunicationandmunicipalCDPFleadershipintheunderstandingoftheactualsituationofcenterofrehabilitationtrainingvenues,equipmentandgavestrongsupport.Atthesametime,wehavealsosentprofessionalrehabilitationteachersparticipatedintheprovincialspecialchildren"srehabilitationprofessionaltrainingclass,letthemcontinuouslybroadentheconceptofrehabilitation,thelearnedknowledgetopracticalwork,graduallyperfectingtherehabilitationeducationLearningquality,enhancetheabilityofrehabilitationservices.,childrentofullyenjoythenearby,ahandyrehabilitationservices.Foundinthepresenceofhearingdisordersinchildrenmustbetimelytowearhearingaidsandrehabilitationtraining,inourcitylastyear,throughtherehabilitationassessmentofhearing-impairedchildrenSunWangyanin2012begantoaccept13 solidgraspofimplement.Below,implementthegoodspiritofthemeeting,thefourpoints.Toquicklystartthedeployment.Thecountyunitstotothemeetingtoit,andactquicklyandseriouslycommunicateconferencespirit,especiallysensitiveSecretaryoftheimportantspeechcontent,tounifytheirthinkingandactiontothecentral,provincialcountydecision-makingarrangements,andenhancethedevelopmentofeducationofideologicalconsciousnessandconsciousactionlearning.Eachunittocombineactualcarefulplanning,paycloseattentiontostudyandformulateimplementationplans,timelyonthe"twostudiesanda"learningandteachingarrangementstoensurethatlearningstartingpointstart,highstandardtocarryout,thehighqualityadvance.Tocarefullyorganizedandimplemented.Adheretothe"learning"isthefoundation,"do"isthekey,strengthenproblemoriented,strictlyfromasolidgraspoflearningandteachingorganizationandimplementation,promotetasksimplemented.Toregular,normallearningeducationasthemainstartingpoint,focusingonthedistinctionbetweenthecharacteristicsofdifferenttypesofPartyorganization,theactualneedsofthedifferentgroupsofPartymembers,topromotelearningeducationsystemimplementation,strengthenguidance,focusonprecisemeasuresandpolicies,encouragegrass-rootsexplorationandinnovation,andconstantlyimprovethelearningeffect.　　Toclearspecificresponsibilities.Partycommittees(party)tograspthelearningeducationasaleadingtaskofthepartybuildsthejobtocatch,earnestlyfulfilltheresponsibilitysubjectofPartybuilding,carefulplanningandarrangements,carefullyorganizedandimplemented,solidpropulsion.Partycommittees(party)ismainlyresponsibleforthecomradestoeffectivelyassumetheresponsibilityasthefirstresponsibleperson,personally,responsibility,improper"balldispensers",thespecificworkoftestingtheeffectivenessoflearningeducationeffect,thecatchinplacetoensurethat,seetheeffectiveness.Fourtoco-ordinatearrangementstoimplement.Tocarryoutthelearningpurposeofeducationispromoteworkcentertodevelop,itmustbecarefullystudiedandthinkdeeplyaboutlearningrelationshipofeducationandtheworkofthecenter,co-ordinatearrangementsforthecountyofthefocusoftheworksmoothly,toinspiretheeducationofPartymembersandcadresdoentrepreneurialenthusiasmandtransformationforthestrongpowertopromoteeconomicandsocialdevelopmentacrossandboostthecountyeconomyandsocialsoundandrapiddevelopment!Inaccordancewiththerequirementsofthemunicipal,prefecturalstraighteachunit,town(Park),village(community)thebranch(Branch)"twostudiesdo"studyandeducationworkconferencetoonApril28heldrecentlycompleted,andtoimplementtheconferencespiritandthetimesCountyspecialeducationcoordinationgroup（4）选择合适的评标办法。目前常用的评标办法有综合评估法、经评审的最低投标价法和合理定价评审抽取法。其中经评审的最低投标价法在竞争激烈的情况下，能够使投标单位为了中标而最大限度地降低投标报价；合理定价评审抽取法的定价主动权在业主，在投标时中标价格也是确定的，但是根据有关规定所定合理价必须反映社会平均水平，从而使那些施工管理水平比较高的投标单位在投标时不能发挥价格优势，使工程造价得不到最大限度的降低；综合评估法采取低报价的投标策略的效果不是很明显，投标单位报价时主要考虑的是如何离基准价最近。因此，采取经评审的最低投标价法能使工程造价降到最低。　　1.22、重视询标工作　　合理低价中标在开标后，定标之前在建设工程招投标管理部门的监督下，对投标人进行询标。通过询标，可排除不合理报价，避免错报、漏报，便于招投标双方对有关问题互相解释、澄清，为确定合理的合同价打下良好基础提供先决条件。　　评标时，首先对每份投标根据招标文件中履约、工期和报价等具体要求，招标文件中规定的评标价格调整方法，对所有投标人的报价进行必要的价格调整，计算出各项投标的评标价，然后根据评标价，评价，分析各项投标，进一步评选出经评审的合理、低价的中标候选人。　　1.23、注重工程量清单编制工作　　工程量清单项目工程数量计算是否准确,项目特征描述是否准确具体等,是工程造价的确定与控制的关键。　　（1）工程量计算要尽量准确，不漏项、不重复计算。工程量的计算在工程造价的确定过程中是非常关键的一个环节，其准确性对工程造价有极大的影响。（2）项目特征描述应准确具体。项目特征是对项目的准确描述，是影响价格的因素，是设置具体清单项目的依据；项目特征按不同的工程部位、施工工艺或材料品种、规格等分别列项。（3）模板、脚手架等施工措施项目清单不要以项为计量单位，而应以平方米等为计量单位，应列出每一个施工措施项目的实际工程量，并要求投标单位每个施工措施项目都要报综合单价。　　1.24、明确合同类型和注意事项 ProvidetrainingandtheintroductionofaXXinXXcityXXspecialchildren"sRehabilitationCenterCityFederationofthedisabledandallsectorsofthecommunityconcernandsupportin2013Decemberwasestablished,withthepurposeof"rehabilitation,happy,warmapieceof"rehabilitationpurposes,forthecity"shearingimpairment,autism,mentalretardation,limbandotherspecialchildrentoprovidehigh-quality,convenientandefficientrehabilitationservicesisasetofeducationalrehabilitation,rehabilitationexerciseinonecomprehensiverehabilitationservices.Thecentersinceitsestablishment,adheringtotherehabilitationeffectasthemainstartingpoint,thefullimplementationofprofessionalrehabilitationservicepersonnel,andconstantlyenhancetherehabilitationserviceability,2yearsforatotalof36childrenwithspecialneedschildrenKangComplexservices,includingsixspecialchildrenafterrehabilitationtrainingwereinvolvedinordinarykindergartensandelementaryschoolsenrolled.Atpresent,inthecenteroftheacceptrehabilitationtrainingforchildrenwithspecial22,oneof4childrenwithmentalretardation,childrenwithhearingdisability,9,childrenwithphysicaldisabilities9.IntheMunicipalFederationandthesocialfromallwalksoflifecareandsupport,we,JiangsuProvince,therehabilitationofthedisabledbodyspecificationofconstructionstandardsinaccordancewith,andgraduallymakethecentertothedistinctive,comprehensive,functionmoreperfectprofessionalrehabilitationorganizationstodevelopinthedirectionof,inthedevelopmentprocesswealsoencounteredadifficult,butthroughtheunremittingeffortsofallemployeesinthecenterintherehabilitationeffect,rehabilitationserviceabilityandtherehabilitationservicelevelpromotionbythegoodsocialeffect,whichismainlyreflectedinthefollowingfouraspects:,rehabilitationinstitutionstoregulateconstruction.Rehabilitationcentermustbeinaccordancewiththehardware,personnel,services,rehabilitation,rehabilitationassessmentconstructionstandardizationconstruction,asthecenterisaprivatenon-profitorganizationinthehardwareconstructioninvestmenthasgreatdifficulty.ThereforewepromptlyandcityFIMITICcommunicationandmunicipalCDPFleadershipintheunderstandingoftheactualsituationofcenterofrehabilitationtrainingvenues,equipmentandgavestrongsupport.Atthesametime,wehavealsosentprofessionalrehabilitationteachersparticipatedintheprovincialspecialchildren"srehabilitationprofessionaltrainingclass,letthemcontinuouslybroadentheconceptofrehabilitation,thelearnedknowledgetopracticalwork,graduallyperfectingtherehabilitationeducationLearningquality,enhancetheabilityofrehabilitationservices.,childrentofullyenjoythenearby,ahandyrehabilitationservices.Foundinthepresenceofhearingdisordersinchildrenmustbetimelytowearhearingaidsandrehabilitationtraining,inourcitylastyear,throughtherehabilitationassessmentofhearing-impairedchildrenSunWangyanin2012begantoaccept13 solidgraspofimplement.Below,implementthegoodspiritofthemeeting,thefourpoints.Toquicklystartthedeployment.Thecountyunitstotothemeetingtoit,andactquicklyandseriouslycommunicateconferencespirit,especiallysensitiveSecretaryoftheimportantspeechcontent,tounifytheirthinkingandactiontothecentral,provincialcountydecision-makingarrangements,andenhancethedevelopmentofeducationofideologicalconsciousnessandconsciousactionlearning.Eachunittocombineactualcarefulplanning,paycloseattentiontostudyandformulateimplementationplans,timelyonthe"twostudiesanda"learningandteachingarrangementstoensurethatlearningstartingpointstart,highstandardtocarryout,thehighqualityadvance.Tocarefullyorganizedandimplemented.Adheretothe"learning"isthefoundation,"do"isthekey,strengthenproblemoriented,strictlyfromasolidgraspoflearningandteachingorganizationandimplementation,promotetasksimplemented.Toregular,normallearningeducationasthemainstartingpoint,focusingonthedistinctionbetweenthecharacteristicsofdifferenttypesofPartyorganization,theactualneedsofthedifferentgroupsofPartymembers,topromotelearningeducationsystemimplementation,strengthenguidance,focusonprecisemeasuresandpolicies,encouragegrass-rootsexplorationandinnovation,andconstantlyimprovethelearningeffect.　　Toclearspecificresponsibilities.Partycommittees(party)tograspthelearningeducationasaleadingtaskofthepartybuildsthejobtocatch,earnestlyfulfilltheresponsibilitysubjectofPartybuilding,carefulplanningandarrangements,carefullyorganizedandimplemented,solidpropulsion.Partycommittees(party)ismainlyresponsibleforthecomradestoeffectivelyassumetheresponsibilityasthefirstresponsibleperson,personally,responsibility,improper"balldispensers",thespecificworkoftestingtheeffectivenessoflearningeducationeffect,thecatchinplacetoensurethat,seetheeffectiveness.Fourtoco-ordinatearrangementstoimplement.Tocarryoutthelearningpurposeofeducationispromoteworkcentertodevelop,itmustbecarefullystudiedandthinkdeeplyaboutlearningrelationshipofeducationandtheworkofthecenter,co-ordinatearrangementsforthecountyofthefocusoftheworksmoothly,toinspiretheeducationofPartymembersandcadresdoentrepreneurialenthusiasmandtransformationforthestrongpowertopromoteeconomicandsocialdevelopmentacrossandboostthecountyeconomyandsocialsoundandrapiddevelopment!Inaccordancewiththerequirementsofthemunicipal,prefecturalstraighteachunit,town(Park),village(community)thebranch(Branch)"twostudiesdo"studyandeducationworkconferencetoonApril28heldrecentlycompleted,andtoimplementtheconferencespiritandthetimesCountyspecialeducationcoordinationgroup　　在工程量清单招投标中，由于工程量统一，使合同类型成为报价人选择投标报价策略的更重要因素。又由于清单工程量为预计量值，清单工程量与实际必需工程量的差别很大程度地带来合同双方的主要利益风险。所以恰当选择合同类型有利于取得竞争性报价，也可合理分担合同履行过程中的风险对于大中型工程一般多采用以单价合同为主，总价合同为副的合同形式。对于规模小、技术不复杂、工期短的工程，可采用总价合同。总价和单价都设有上限的上限价。1.3编制工程量清单要注意的事项工程量清单计价包括了按招标文件规定完成工程量清单所需的全部费用，即分部分项：工程量清单费、措施清单项目费、其他清单费和规费、税金。由于工程量清单计价规范在工程造价的计价程序、项目的划分和具体的计量规则上与传统的计价方式有较大的区别，因此，施工单位应加强学习，及时转变观念，做好有关的准备工作。（1）在推行工程量清单计价的初期，各施工单位应花一定的精力去吃透清单计价规范的各项规定，明确各清单项目所包含的工作内容和要求、各项费用的组成筹，投标时仔细研究清单项目的描述，真正把自身的管理优势、技术优势、资源优势等落实到细微的清单项目报价中。（2）注意建立企业内部定额，提高自主报价能力。企业定额是根据本企业施工技术和管理水平以及有关工程造价资料制定的，供本企业使用的人工、材料和机械台班的消耗量标准。通过制定企业定额，施工企业可以清楚的计算出完成项目所需耗费的成本与工期，从而可以在投标报价时做到心中有数，避免盲目报价导致最终亏损现象的发生。（3）在投标报价中，没有填写单价和合价的项目将不予支付，因此投标企业应仔细填写每一单项的单价和合价，做到报价时不漏项不缺项。（4）若需编制技术标及相应报价，应避免技术标报价与商务标报价出现重复，尤其是技术标中已经包括的措施项目，投标时应注意区分。（5）掌握一定的投标报价策略和技巧，根据各种影响因素和工程具体情况灵活机动的调整报价，提高企业的市场竞争力。ProvidetrainingandtheintroductionofaXXinXXcityXXspecialchildren"sRehabilitationCenterCityFederationofthedisabledandallsectorsofthecommunityconcernandsupportin2013Decemberwasestablished,withthepurposeof"rehabilitation,happy,warmapieceof"rehabilitationpurposes,forthecity"shearingimpairment,autism,mentalretardation,limbandotherspecialchildrentoprovidehigh-quality,convenientandefficientrehabilitationservicesisasetofeducationalrehabilitation,rehabilitationexerciseinonecomprehensiverehabilitationservices.Thecentersinceitsestablishment,adheringtotherehabilitationeffectasthemainstartingpoint,thefullimplementationofprofessionalrehabilitationservicepersonnel,andconstantlyenhancetherehabilitationserviceability,2yearsforatotalof36childrenwithspecialneedschildrenKangComplexservices,includingsixspecialchildrenafterrehabilitationtrainingwereinvolvedinordinarykindergartensandelementaryschoolsenrolled.Atpresent,inthecenteroftheacceptrehabilitationtrainingforchildrenwithspecial22,oneof4childrenwithmentalretardation,childrenwithhearingdisability,9,childrenwithphysicaldisabilities9.IntheMunicipalFederationandthesocialfromallwalksoflifecareandsupport,we,JiangsuProvince,therehabilitationofthedisabledbodyspecificationofconstructionstandardsinaccordancewith,andgraduallymakethecentertothedistinctive,comprehensive,functionmoreperfectprofessionalrehabilitationorganizationstodevelopinthedirectionof,inthedevelopmentprocesswealsoencounteredadifficult,butthroughtheunremittingeffortsofallemployeesinthecenterintherehabilitationeffect,rehabilitationserviceabilityandtherehabilitationservicelevelpromotionbythegoodsocialeffect,whichismainlyreflectedinthefollowingfouraspects:,rehabilitationinstitutionstoregulateconstruction.Rehabilitationcentermustbeinaccordancewiththehardware,personnel,services,rehabilitation,rehabilitationassessmentconstructionstandardizationconstruction,asthecenterisaprivatenon-profitorganizationinthehardwareconstructioninvestmenthasgreatdifficulty.ThereforewepromptlyandcityFIMITICcommunicationandmunicipalCDPFleadershipintheunderstandingoftheactualsituationofcenterofrehabilitationtrainingvenues,equipmentandgavestrongsupport.Atthesametime,wehavealsosentprofessionalrehabilitationteachersparticipatedintheprovincialspecialchildren"srehabilitationprofessionaltrainingclass,letthemcontinuouslybroadentheconceptofrehabilitation,thelearnedknowledgetopracticalwork,graduallyperfectingtherehabilitationeducationLearningquality,enhancetheabilityofrehabilitationservices.,childrentofullyenjoythenearby,ahandyrehabilitationservices.Foundinthepresenceofhearingdisordersinchildrenmustbetimelytowearhearingaidsandrehabilitationtraining,inourcitylastyear,throughtherehabilitationassessmentofhearing-impairedchildrenSunWangyanin2012begantoaccept13 solidgraspofimplement.Below,implementthegoodspiritofthemeeting,thefourpoints.Toquicklystartthedeployment.Thecountyunitstotothemeetingtoit,andactquicklyandseriouslycommunicateconferencespirit,especiallysensitiveSecretaryoftheimportantspeechcontent,tounifytheirthinkingandactiontothecentral,provincialcountydecision-makingarrangements,andenhancethedevelopmentofeducationofideologicalconsciousnessandconsciousactionlearning.Eachunittocombineactualcarefulplanning,paycloseattentiontostudyandformulateimplementationplans,timelyonthe"twostudiesanda"learningandteachingarrangementstoensurethatlearningstartingpointstart,highstandardtocarryout,thehighqualityadvance.Tocarefullyorganizedandimplemented.Adheretothe"learning"isthefoundation,"do"isthekey,strengthenproblemoriented,strictlyfromasolidgraspoflearningandteachingorganizationandimplementation,promotetasksimplemented.Toregular,normallearningeducationasthemainstartingpoint,focusingonthedistinctionbetweenthecharacteristicsofdifferenttypesofPartyorganization,theactualneedsofthedifferentgroupsofPartymembers,topromotelearningeducationsystemimplementation,strengthenguidance,focusonprecisemeasuresandpolicies,encouragegrass-rootsexplorationandinnovation,andconstantlyimprovethelearningeffect.　　Toclearspecificresponsibilities.Partycommittees(party)tograspthelearningeducationasaleadingtaskofthepartybuildsthejobtocatch,earnestlyfulfilltheresponsibilitysubjectofPartybuilding,carefulplanningandarrangements,carefullyorganizedandimplemented,solidpropulsion.Partycommittees(party)ismainlyresponsibleforthecomradestoeffectivelyassumetheresponsibilityasthefirstresponsibleperson,personally,responsibility,improper"balldispensers",thespecificworkoftestingtheeffectivenessoflearningeducationeffect,thecatchinplacetoensurethat,seetheeffectiveness.Fourtoco-ordinatearrangementstoimplement.Tocarryoutthelearningpurposeofeducationispromoteworkcentertodevelop,itmustbecarefullystudiedandthinkdeeplyaboutlearningrelationshipofeducationandtheworkofthecenter,co-ordinatearrangementsforthecountyofthefocusoftheworksmoothly,toinspiretheeducationofPartymembersandcadresdoentrepreneurialenthusiasmandtransformationforthestrongpowertopromoteeconomicandsocialdevelopmentacrossandboostthecountyeconomyandsocialsoundandrapiddevelopment!Inaccordancewiththerequirementsofthemunicipal,prefecturalstraighteachunit,town(Park),village(community)thebranch(Branch)"twostudiesdo"studyandeducationworkconferencetoonApril28heldrecentlycompleted,andtoimplementtheconferencespiritandthetimesCountyspecialeducationcoordinationgroup1.4工程量清单计价在招投标阶段存在的不足1.41、招标方存在的问题  1.招标文件的公平性问题《清单规范》4.0.9①条规定“工程量清单漏项或设计变更引起新的工程量清单项目，其相应综合单价由承包人提出，经发包人确认后作为结算依据”。建设部对该条的解释是“为了合理减少工程承包人的风险，并遵照谁引起风险谁承担责任的原则，本规范对工程量变更及其综合单价的确定作了规定。执行中应注意，不论由于工程量清单有误或漏项，还是由于设计变更引起的新的工程量清单项目或清单项目工程数量的增减，均应按实调整……”。《四川省建设工程工程量清单计价管理试行办法》第三章第十条规定“工程量应由发包人或受其委托具有相应资质的工程造价咨询单位编制。实行工程量清单招标，工程量清单的准确性和完整性由招标人负责，投标人投标时不负有核实的义务。但是，不少的招标人的招年表文件中却有类似这样的规定：“招标文件所附工程量清单仅供参考，投标人须根据招标人提供的施工图纸和技术规范要求自行核实工程量后进行报价，本工程实行总价包干。”显然这样的规定违反了《清单规范》和有关法规，使有失公平的。这种规避己方编制工程量清单不准确责任，将风险转嫁给投标人的现象，给下一步建筑项目的合同谈判、施工、管理、协调、工期、质量、索赔等等，都会带来一系列问题，处理不好，不仅投标人遭受重大损失，招标人同样不可避免地蒙受重大损失。建筑产品的形成，是施工企业和业主共同努力、协调配合、互利互惠的结果。只顾己方利益，忽视对方利益，势必引起对方的抵触情绪。整个履约过程中，业主不可避免的有很多需要对方支持和配合的地方，比如资金暂时紧张、专业分包、设计图纸的缺陷问题等等，如果对方因为自己的利益受到侵害不予支持和配合，对整个工程的建设来说是非常不利的。    1.42.工程量清单的质量问题    ProvidetrainingandtheintroductionofaXXinXXcityXXspecialchildren"sRehabilitationCenterCityFederationofthedisabledandallsectorsofthecommunityconcernandsupportin2013Decemberwasestablished,withthepurposeof"rehabilitation,happy,warmapieceof"rehabilitationpurposes,forthecity"shearingimpairment,autism,mentalretardation,limbandotherspecialchildrentoprovidehigh-quality,convenientandefficientrehabilitationservicesisasetofeducationalrehabilitation,rehabilitationexerciseinonecomprehensiverehabilitationservices.Thecentersinceitsestablishment,adheringtotherehabilitationeffectasthemainstartingpoint,thefullimplementationofprofessionalrehabilitationservicepersonnel,andconstantlyenhancetherehabilitationserviceability,2yearsforatotalof36childrenwithspecialneedschildrenKangComplexservices,includingsixspecialchildrenafterrehabilitationtrainingwereinvolvedinordinarykindergartensandelementaryschoolsenrolled.Atpresent,inthecenteroftheacceptrehabilitationtrainingforchildrenwithspecial22,oneof4childrenwithmentalretardation,childrenwithhearingdisability,9,childrenwithphysicaldisabilities9.IntheMunicipalFederationandthesocialfromallwalksoflifecareandsupport,we,JiangsuProvince,therehabilitationofthedisabledbodyspecificationofconstructionstandardsinaccordancewith,andgraduallymakethecentertothedistinctive,comprehensive,functionmoreperfectprofessionalrehabilitationorganizationstodevelopinthedirectionof,inthedevelopmentprocesswealsoencounteredadifficult,butthroughtheunremittingeffortsofallemployeesinthecenterintherehabilitationeffect,rehabilitationserviceabilityandtherehabilitationservicelevelpromotionbythegoodsocialeffect,whichismainlyreflectedinthefollowingfouraspects:,rehabilitationinstitutionstoregulateconstruction.Rehabilitationcentermustbeinaccordancewiththehardware,personnel,services,rehabilitation,rehabilitationassessmentconstructionstandardizationconstruction,asthecenterisaprivatenon-profitorganizationinthehardwareconstructioninvestmenthasgreatdifficulty.ThereforewepromptlyandcityFIMITICcommunicationandmunicipalCDPFleadershipintheunderstandingoftheactualsituationofcenterofrehabilitationtrainingvenues,equipmentandgavestrongsupport.Atthesametime,wehavealsosentprofessionalrehabilitationteachersparticipatedintheprovincialspecialchildren"srehabilitationprofessionaltrainingclass,letthemcontinuouslybroadentheconceptofrehabilitation,thelearnedknowledgetopracticalwork,graduallyperfectingtherehabilitationeducationLearningquality,enhancetheabilityofrehabilitationservices.,childrentofullyenjoythenearby,ahandyrehabilitationservices.Foundinthepresenceofhearingdisordersinchildrenmustbetimelytowearhearingaidsandrehabilitationtraining,inourcitylastyear,throughtherehabilitationassessmentofhearing-impairedchildrenSunWangyanin2012begantoaccept13 solidgraspofimplement.Below,implementthegoodspiritofthemeeting,thefourpoints.Toquicklystartthedeployment.Thecountyunitstotothemeetingtoit,andactquicklyandseriouslycommunicateconferencespirit,especiallysensitiveSecretaryoftheimportantspeechcontent,tounifytheirthinkingandactiontothecentral,provincialcountydecision-makingarrangements,andenhancethedevelopmentofeducationofideologicalconsciousnessandconsciousactionlearning.Eachunittocombineactualcarefulplanning,paycloseattentiontostudyandformulateimplementationplans,timelyonthe"twostudiesanda"learningandteachingarrangementstoensurethatlearningstartingpointstart,highstandardtocarryout,thehighqualityadvance.Tocarefullyorganizedandimplemented.Adheretothe"learning"isthefoundation,"do"isthekey,strengthenproblemoriented,strictlyfromasolidgraspoflearningandteachingorganizationandimplementation,promotetasksimplemented.Toregular,normallearningeducationasthemainstartingpoint,focusingonthedistinctionbetweenthecharacteristicsofdifferenttypesofPartyorganization,theactualneedsofthedifferentgroupsofPartymembers,topromotelearningeducationsystemimplementation,strengthenguidance,focusonprecisemeasuresandpolicies,encouragegrass-rootsexplorationandinnovation,andconstantlyimprovethelearningeffect.　　Toclearspecificresponsibilities.Partycommittees(party)tograspthelearningeducationasaleadingtaskofthepartybuildsthejobtocatch,earnestlyfulfilltheresponsibilitysubjectofPartybuilding,carefulplanningandarrangements,carefullyorganizedandimplemented,solidpropulsion.Partycommittees(party)ismainlyresponsibleforthecomradestoeffectivelyassumetheresponsibilityasthefirstresponsibleperson,personally,responsibility,improper"balldispensers",thespecificworkoftestingtheeffectivenessoflearningeducationeffect,thecatchinplacetoensurethat,seetheeffectiveness.Fourtoco-ordinatearrangementstoimplement.Tocarryoutthelearningpurposeofeducationispromoteworkcentertodevelop,itmustbecarefullystudiedandthinkdeeplyaboutlearningrelationshipofeducationandtheworkofthecenter,co-ordinatearrangementsforthecountyofthefocusoftheworksmoothly,toinspiretheeducationofPartymembersandcadresdoentrepreneurialenthusiasmandtransformationforthestrongpowertopromoteeconomicandsocialdevelopmentacrossandboostthecountyeconomyandsocialsoundandrapiddevelopment!Inaccordancewiththerequirementsofthemunicipal,prefecturalstraighteachunit,town(Park),village(community)thebranch(Branch)"twostudiesdo"studyandeducationworkconferencetoonApril28heldrecentlycompleted,andtoimplementtheconferencespiritandthetimesCountyspecialeducationcoordinationgroup工程量清单由发包人编制，是《清单规范》赋予发包人的责任。当其因自身原因不能编制时可委托具有相应资质的工程造价咨询单位编制的工程量清单质量均不太高。普遍存在清单规范不明确、项目特征描述不清、工程量计算不准、漏项严重以及与《清单规范》的计算规则不相吻合的现象。工程量清单的编制是一项非常重要的基础工作，其质量高低、直接影响到建设项目的投资、投标人的投标报价、施工过程中的管理资金拨付以及最后的工程结算。工程量清单质量问题的存在，客观上给下一步的工作带来非常大的麻烦，相关各方均站在各自的立场对工程量清单予以不同的理解，协调起来非常困难。    2.1、投标方存在的问题   1.对工程量清单报价认识不足，风险估计不够，盲目进行报价工程量清单报价实施以后，原有的企业预算价格体系受到很大冲击，新的报价体系尚待构建起来，企业定额缺乏，完全凭过去的经验结合市场行情报价。于是出现这样一种怪现象，要么“一投就飞”，要么“一中就亏”。    2.投机心理严重，恶意压低报价 。有的投标人认为，工程量清单报价的评标原则就是取“最低价”中标（事实上较长一段时间中标价确实是最低价），于是不顾企业成本，压低报价，争取取得“入场券”后再说。成都市的工程招标曾经就出现过最低报价比最高报价差30%的情况。  3.对招标文件学习理解深度不够，缺乏科学完整的投标评价体系。  一般投标人获得招标文件后，开个碰头会，然后由各部门分别进行经济标、技术标和信誉标的编制，最后汇总报，相关领导、部门负责人进行最后决策，而忽视了一个重要的环节，就是认真学习、理解、研究招标文件。投标人获得招标文件后，最重要的就是立即组织有关人员学习、研究、理解招标文件，弄清招标的范围、要求，组织人员踏勘现场，了解竞标对手情况，根据招标文件揣摩发包人的心理等等，然后根据自身的经营管理水平，确定报价策略，决定如何投标。    2.2、评标中存在的问题    1.经评审的最低投标价发的事实标准问题    实行工程量清单招标，一般都采用经评审的最低投标价发。经评审的最低投标价中标原则，核心在“经评审”ProvidetrainingandtheintroductionofaXXinXXcityXXspecialchildren"sRehabilitationCenterCityFederationofthedisabledandallsectorsofthecommunityconcernandsupportin2013Decemberwasestablished,withthepurposeof"rehabilitation,happy,warmapieceof"rehabilitationpurposes,forthecity"shearingimpairment,autism,mentalretardation,limbandotherspecialchildrentoprovidehigh-quality,convenientandefficientrehabilitationservicesisasetofeducationalrehabilitation,rehabilitationexerciseinonecomprehensiverehabilitationservices.Thecentersinceitsestablishment,adheringtotherehabilitationeffectasthemainstartingpoint,thefullimplementationofprofessionalrehabilitationservicepersonnel,andconstantlyenhancetherehabilitationserviceability,2yearsforatotalof36childrenwithspecialneedschildrenKangComplexservices,includingsixspecialchildrenafterrehabilitationtrainingwereinvolvedinordinarykindergartensandelementaryschoolsenrolled.Atpresent,inthecenteroftheacceptrehabilitationtrainingforchildrenwithspecial22,oneof4childrenwithmentalretardation,childrenwithhearingdisability,9,childrenwithphysicaldisabilities9.IntheMunicipalFederationandthesocialfromallwalksoflifecareandsupport,we,JiangsuProvince,therehabilitationofthedisabledbodyspecificationofconstructionstandardsinaccordancewith,andgraduallymakethecentertothedistinctive,comprehensive,functionmoreperfectprofessionalrehabilitationorganizationstodevelopinthedirectionof,inthedevelopmentprocesswealsoencounteredadifficult,butthroughtheunremittingeffortsofallemployeesinthecenterintherehabilitationeffect,rehabilitationserviceabilityandtherehabilitationservicelevelpromotionbythegoodsocialeffect,whichismainlyreflectedinthefollowingfouraspects:,rehabilitationinstitutionstoregulateconstruction.Rehabilitationcentermustbeinaccordancewiththehardware,personnel,services,rehabilitation,rehabilitationassessmentconstructionstandardizationconstruction,asthecenterisaprivatenon-profitorganizationinthehardwareconstructioninvestmenthasgreatdifficulty.ThereforewepromptlyandcityFIMITICcommunicationandmunicipalCDPFleadershipintheunderstandingoftheactualsituationofcenterofrehabilitationtrainingvenues,equipmentandgavestrongsupport.Atthesametime,wehavealsosentprofessionalrehabilitationteachersparticipatedintheprovincialspecialchildren"srehabilitationprofessionaltrainingclass,letthemcontinuouslybroadentheconceptofrehabilitation,thelearnedknowledgetopracticalwork,graduallyperfectingtherehabilitationeducationLearningquality,enhancetheabilityofrehabilitationservices.,childrentofullyenjoythenearby,ahandyrehabilitationservices.Foundinthepresenceofhearingdisordersinchildrenmustbetimelytowearhearingaidsandrehabilitationtraining,inourcitylastyear,throughtherehabilitationassessmentofhearing-impairedchildrenSunWangyanin2012begantoaccept13 solidgraspofimplement.Below,implementthegoodspiritofthemeeting,thefourpoints.Toquicklystartthedeployment.Thecountyunitstotothemeetingtoit,andactquicklyandseriouslycommunicateconferencespirit,especiallysensitiveSecretaryoftheimportantspeechcontent,tounifytheirthinkingandactiontothecentral,provincialcountydecision-makingarrangements,andenhancethedevelopmentofeducationofideologicalconsciousnessandconsciousactionlearning.Eachunittocombineactualcarefulplanning,paycloseattentiontostudyandformulateimplementationplans,timelyonthe"twostudiesanda"learningandteachingarrangementstoensurethatlearningstartingpointstart,highstandardtocarryout,thehighqualityadvance.Tocarefullyorganizedandimplemented.Adheretothe"learning"isthefoundation,"do"isthekey,strengthenproblemoriented,strictlyfromasolidgraspoflearningandteachingorganizationandimplementation,promotetasksimplemented.Toregular,normallearningeducationasthemainstartingpoint,focusingonthedistinctionbetweenthecharacteristicsofdifferenttypesofPartyorganization,theactualneedsofthedifferentgroupsofPartymembers,topromotelearningeducationsystemimplementation,strengthenguidance,focusonprecisemeasuresandpolicies,encouragegrass-rootsexplorationandinnovation,andconstantlyimprovethelearningeffect.　　Toclearspecificresponsibilities.Partycommittees(party)tograspthelearningeducationasaleadingtaskofthepartybuildsthejobtocatch,earnestlyfulfilltheresponsibilitysubjectofPartybuilding,carefulplanningandarrangements,carefullyorganizedandimplemented,solidpropulsion.Partycommittees(party)ismainlyresponsibleforthecomradestoeffectivelyassumetheresponsibilityasthefirstresponsibleperson,personally,responsibility,improper"balldispensers",thespecificworkoftestingtheeffectivenessoflearningeducationeffect,thecatchinplacetoensurethat,seetheeffectiveness.Fourtoco-ordinatearrangementstoimplement.Tocarryoutthelearningpurposeofeducationispromoteworkcentertodevelop,itmustbecarefullystudiedandthinkdeeplyaboutlearningrelationshipofeducationandtheworkofthecenter,co-ordinatearrangementsforthecountyofthefocusoftheworksmoothly,toinspiretheeducationofPartymembersandcadresdoentrepreneurialenthusiasmandtransformationforthestrongpowertopromoteeconomicandsocialdevelopmentacrossandboostthecountyeconomyandsocialsoundandrapiddevelopment!Inaccordancewiththerequirementsofthemunicipal,prefecturalstraighteachunit,town(Park),village(community)thebranch(Branch)"twostudiesdo"studyandeducationworkconferencetoonApril28heldrecentlycompleted,andtoimplementtheconferencespiritandthetimesCountyspecialeducationcoordinationgroup。其关键是如何解决对投标人企业成本的界定，不同投标人的企业成本差异非常大，在没有任何标准的情况下，由评标人员来判定各投标人的报价是否低于企业成本是不现实的。于是为了使招标工作顺利完成，稳妥保险起见，评标人员最后确定的中标往往就是最低报价，而不是经评审的最低投标由评标人员来判定各投标人的报价是否低于企业成本是不现实的。于是为了使招标工作顺利完成，稳妥保险起见，评标人员最后确定的中标往往就是最低报价，而不是经评审的最低投标价。这样就给各投标人一个深刻的印象，工程量清单就是最低报价中标。   2.评标中分析投标报价不够，片面选择最低报价的投标人中标    工程量清单报价的优点在于工程量一致、子目一致。投标人只需根据招标人提供的工程量清单数量、子日报每箱的单价和相关的措施费用及计算相应的水费，非常便于评标人员对各投标人的报价进行分析对比，但这项工作往往做得不够。例如成都某工程，其中土建项目清单的重大子目现浇钢筋的综合单价，中标人的综合单价比七家投标人的加权平均价每吨还低801.23元，显然组价实有问题的。一些评标人员往往迎合招标人心理，不对投标报价进行仔细的研究和公正客观的评判，仅仅对各投标人所报总价进行比较，片面评定最低价中标。  3.对评标的评分结果公开性不够。不利于投标人提高竞标水平    现在一般开标，宣布了各投标人的报价后就体会，最后的中标结果请各自上网查询（只公布前三名候选人）。这样做实质上是剥夺了投标人的知情权。有的投标人辛苦了一场，投入了大量的人力物力，到后来究竟排名如何都不知道，有的觉得自己肯定中标却名落孙山，不由对投标工作产程疑问。评标的过程应该保密，但结果却是公开的例如招标文件的评标办法设置了投标总价的评审、分部分项工程量清单综合单价的评审、措施项目清单报价的评审、总承包服务的评市、主要材料单价的评审等分项的分值。投标人是非常想了解自己和其他投标人的具体得分情况的，一是了解对手，找出差距，把握市场走势；二是总结经验，调整策略，提高竞标水平。  第二章、在招投标阶段工程造价控制的方法与管理措施2.1、造价控制的方法从标底预算编制、评标定标、甲供设备材料管理、工程设计变更、竣工决算审计等关键环节，就加强工程造价控制的方法进行探讨。ProvidetrainingandtheintroductionofaXXinXXcityXXspecialchildren"sRehabilitationCenterCityFederationofthedisabledandallsectorsofthecommunityconcernandsupportin2013Decemberwasestablished,withthepurposeof"rehabilitation,happy,warmapieceof"rehabilitationpurposes,forthecity"shearingimpairment,autism,mentalretardation,limbandotherspecialchildrentoprovidehigh-quality,convenientandefficientrehabilitationservicesisasetofeducationalrehabilitation,rehabilitationexerciseinonecomprehensiverehabilitationservices.Thecentersinceitsestablishment,adheringtotherehabilitationeffectasthemainstartingpoint,thefullimplementationofprofessionalrehabilitationservicepersonnel,andconstantlyenhancetherehabilitationserviceability,2yearsforatotalof36childrenwithspecialneedschildrenKangComplexservices,includingsixspecialchildrenafterrehabilitationtrainingwereinvolvedinordinarykindergartensandelementaryschoolsenrolled.Atpresent,inthecenteroftheacceptrehabilitationtrainingforchildrenwithspecial22,oneof4childrenwithmentalretardation,childrenwithhearingdisability,9,childrenwithphysicaldisabilities9.IntheMunicipalFederationandthesocialfromallwalksoflifecareandsupport,we,JiangsuProvince,therehabilitationofthedisabledbodyspecificationofconstructionstandardsinaccordancewith,andgraduallymakethecentertothedistinctive,comprehensive,functionmoreperfectprofessionalrehabilitationorganizationstodevelopinthedirectionof,inthedevelopmentprocesswealsoencounteredadifficult,butthroughtheunremittingeffortsofallemployeesinthecenterintherehabilitationeffect,rehabilitationserviceabilityandtherehabilitationservicelevelpromotionbythegoodsocialeffect,whichismainlyreflectedinthefollowingfouraspects:,rehabilitationinstitutionstoregulateconstruction.Rehabilitationcentermustbeinaccordancewiththehardware,personnel,services,rehabilitation,rehabilitationassessmentconstructionstandardizationconstruction,asthecenterisaprivatenon-profitorganizationinthehardwareconstructioninvestmenthasgreatdifficulty.ThereforewepromptlyandcityFIMITICcommunicationandmunicipalCDPFleadershipintheunderstandingoftheactualsituationofcenterofrehabilitationtrainingvenues,equipmentandgavestrongsupport.Atthesametime,wehavealsosentprofessionalrehabilitationteachersparticipatedintheprovincialspecialchildren"srehabilitationprofessionaltrainingclass,letthemcontinuouslybroadentheconceptofrehabilitation,thelearnedknowledgetopracticalwork,graduallyperfectingtherehabilitationeducationLearningquality,enhancetheabilityofrehabilitationservices.,childrentofullyenjoythenearby,ahandyrehabilitationservices.Foundinthepresenceofhearingdisordersinchildrenmustbetimelytowearhearingaidsandrehabilitationtraining,inourcitylastyear,throughtherehabilitationassessmentofhearing-impairedchildrenSunWangyanin2012begantoaccept13 solidgraspofimplement.Below,implementthegoodspiritofthemeeting,thefourpoints.Toquicklystartthedeployment.Thecountyunitstotothemeetingtoit,andactquicklyandseriouslycommunicateconferencespirit,especiallysensitiveSecretaryoftheimportantspeechcontent,tounifytheirthinkingandactiontothecentral,provincialcountydecision-makingarrangements,andenhancethedevelopmentofeducationofideologicalconsciousnessandconsciousactionlearning.Eachunittocombineactualcarefulplanning,paycloseattentiontostudyandformulateimplementationplans,timelyonthe"twostudiesanda"learningandteachingarrangementstoensurethatlearningstartingpointstart,highstandardtocarryout,thehighqualityadvance.Tocarefullyorganizedandimplemented.Adheretothe"learning"isthefoundation,"do"isthekey,strengthenproblemoriented,strictlyfromasolidgraspoflearningandteachingorganizationandimplementation,promotetasksimplemented.Toregular,normallearningeducationasthemainstartingpoint,focusingonthedistinctionbetweenthecharacteristicsofdifferenttypesofPartyorganization,theactualneedsofthedifferentgroupsofPartymembers,topromotelearningeducationsystemimplementation,strengthenguidance,focusonprecisemeasuresandpolicies,encouragegrass-rootsexplorationandinnovation,andconstantlyimprovethelearningeffect.　　Toclearspecificresponsibilities.Partycommittees(party)tograspthelearningeducationasaleadingtaskofthepartybuildsthejobtocatch,earnestlyfulfilltheresponsibilitysubjectofPartybuilding,carefulplanningandarrangements,carefullyorganizedandimplemented,solidpropulsion.Partycommittees(party)ismainlyresponsibleforthecomradestoeffectivelyassumetheresponsibilityasthefirstresponsibleperson,personally,responsibility,improper"balldispensers",thespecificworkoftestingtheeffectivenessoflearningeducationeffect,thecatchinplacetoensurethat,seetheeffectiveness.Fourtoco-ordinatearrangementstoimplement.Tocarryoutthelearningpurposeofeducationispromoteworkcentertodevelop,itmustbecarefullystudiedandthinkdeeplyaboutlearningrelationshipofeducationandtheworkofthecenter,co-ordinatearrangementsforthecountyofthefocusoftheworksmoothly,toinspiretheeducationofPartymembersandcadresdoentrepreneurialenthusiasmandtransformationforthestrongpowertopromoteeconomicandsocialdevelopmentacrossandboostthecountyeconomyandsocialsoundandrapiddevelopment!Inaccordancewiththerequirementsofthemunicipal,prefecturalstraighteachunit,town(Park),village(community)thebranch(Branch)"twostudiesdo"studyandeducationworkconferencetoonApril28heldrecentlycompleted,andtoimplementtheconferencespiritandthetimesCountyspecialeducationcoordinationgroup2.11、准确编制标底预算，严格公正评定标严格编标预算管理的目的，在于力求工程编标预算准确，合同造价科学合理。在决定工程造价高低的因素中，合同造价是最重要的一环，为达到合同造价的准确合理，预算编标中应把住以下几个关口。1. 制定严密的招标文件。2. 编标人员要持证上岗，并专门从事相关专业，分工明确、责任到人，土建、装饰、安装编标人员积极配合、相互沟通，避免专业间的脱节。标底预算编制人员要全过程参与图纸会审，提前熟悉图纸，同各专业人员一道审定答疑会议纪要并下发各投标单位，使之对图纸形成共识，更加公正公平地参与工程编标、投标，防止施工和决算过程中，甲乙方相互扯皮现象的发生。3. 坚持严格的评标制度及评标程序。审查标底时要重点做到四审达到四防：审查工程量，防止多算错算；审查分项工程内容，防止重复计算；审查分项工程单价，防止错算错套；审查取费费率，防止高取多算。要坚持严格的评标制度，通过修订标底造价，确定招标合同价。2.12、抓好甲供设备、材料投资管理甲供设备、材料投资也是左右工程造价的重要因素之一。在工程建设中，甲供设备、材料必须坚持以大渠道供货为主，市场自行采购为辅。在自行采购时，由主管工程的机关、工程指挥部共同参与，坚持三人同行、货比三家，力求质优价廉，大型的设备订货可采取招标方式，在签订的合同中要明确质量等级和双方责任义务，设备材料进场后如有质量问题，现场施工代表及施工单位有权拒收，以达到保证供货质量、节省设备材料投资的目的。 2.13、严格办理设计变更签证ProvidetrainingandtheintroductionofaXXinXXcityXXspecialchildren"sRehabilitationCenterCityFederationofthedisabledandallsectorsofthecommunityconcernandsupportin2013Decemberwasestablished,withthepurposeof"rehabilitation,happy,warmapieceof"rehabilitationpurposes,forthecity"shearingimpairment,autism,mentalretardation,limbandotherspecialchildrentoprovidehigh-quality,convenientandefficientrehabilitationservicesisasetofeducationalrehabilitation,rehabilitationexerciseinonecomprehensiverehabilitationservices.Thecentersinceitsestablishment,adheringtotherehabilitationeffectasthemainstartingpoint,thefullimplementationofprofessionalrehabilitationservicepersonnel,andconstantlyenhancetherehabilitationserviceability,2yearsforatotalof36childrenwithspecialneedschildrenKangComplexservices,includingsixspecialchildrenafterrehabilitationtrainingwereinvolvedinordinarykindergartensandelementaryschoolsenrolled.Atpresent,inthecenteroftheacceptrehabilitationtrainingforchildrenwithspecial22,oneof4childrenwithmentalretardation,childrenwithhearingdisability,9,childrenwithphysicaldisabilities9.IntheMunicipalFederationandthesocialfromallwalksoflifecareandsupport,we,JiangsuProvince,therehabilitationofthedisabledbodyspecificationofconstructionstandardsinaccordancewith,andgraduallymakethecentertothedistinctive,comprehensive,functionmoreperfectprofessionalrehabilitationorganizationstodevelopinthedirectionof,inthedevelopmentprocesswealsoencounteredadifficult,butthroughtheunremittingeffortsofallemployeesinthecenterintherehabilitationeffect,rehabilitationserviceabilityandtherehabilitationservicelevelpromotionbythegoodsocialeffect,whichismainlyreflectedinthefollowingfouraspects:,rehabilitationinstitutionstoregulateconstruction.Rehabilitationcentermustbeinaccordancewiththehardware,personnel,services,rehabilitation,rehabilitationassessmentconstructionstandardizationconstruction,asthecenterisaprivatenon-profitorganizationinthehardwareconstructioninvestmenthasgreatdifficulty.ThereforewepromptlyandcityFIMITICcommunicationandmunicipalCDPFleadershipintheunderstandingoftheactualsituationofcenterofrehabilitationtrainingvenues,equipmentandgavestrongsupport.Atthesametime,wehavealsosentprofessionalrehabilitationteachersparticipatedintheprovincialspecialchildren"srehabilitationprofessionaltrainingclass,letthemcontinuouslybroadentheconceptofrehabilitation,thelearnedknowledgetopracticalwork,graduallyperfectingtherehabilitationeducationLearningquality,enhancetheabilityofrehabilitationservices.,childrentofullyenjoythenearby,ahandyrehabilitationservices.Foundinthepresenceofhearingdisordersinchildrenmustbetimelytowearhearingaidsandrehabilitationtraining,inourcitylastyear,throughtherehabilitationassessmentofhearing-impairedchildrenSunWangyanin2012begantoaccept13 solidgraspofimplement.Below,implementthegoodspiritofthemeeting,thefourpoints.Toquicklystartthedeployment.Thecountyunitstotothemeetingtoit,andactquicklyandseriouslycommunicateconferencespirit,especiallysensitiveSecretaryoftheimportantspeechcontent,tounifytheirthinkingandactiontothecentral,provincialcountydecision-makingarrangements,andenhancethedevelopmentofeducationofideologicalconsciousnessandconsciousactionlearning.Eachunittocombineactualcarefulplanning,paycloseattentiontostudyandformulateimplementationplans,timelyonthe"twostudiesanda"learningandteachingarrangementstoensurethatlearningstartingpointstart,highstandardtocarryout,thehighqualityadvance.Tocarefullyorganizedandimplemented.Adheretothe"learning"isthefoundation,"do"isthekey,strengthenproblemoriented,strictlyfromasolidgraspoflearningandteachingorganizationandimplementation,promotetasksimplemented.Toregular,normallearningeducationasthemainstartingpoint,focusingonthedistinctionbetweenthecharacteristicsofdifferenttypesofPartyorganization,theactualneedsofthedifferentgroupsofPartymembers,topromotelearningeducationsystemimplementation,strengthenguidance,focusonprecisemeasuresandpolicies,encouragegrass-rootsexplorationandinnovation,andconstantlyimprovethelearningeffect.　　Toclearspecificresponsibilities.Partycommittees(party)tograspthelearningeducationasaleadingtaskofthepartybuildsthejobtocatch,earnestlyfulfilltheresponsibilitysubjectofPartybuilding,carefulplanningandarrangements,carefullyorganizedandimplemented,solidpropulsion.Partycommittees(party)ismainlyresponsibleforthecomradestoeffectivelyassumetheresponsibilityasthefirstresponsibleperson,personally,responsibility,improper"balldispensers",thespecificworkoftestingtheeffectivenessoflearningeducationeffect,thecatchinplacetoensurethat,seetheeffectiveness.Fourtoco-ordinatearrangementstoimplement.Tocarryoutthelearningpurposeofeducationispromoteworkcentertodevelop,itmustbecarefullystudiedandthinkdeeplyaboutlearningrelationshipofeducationandtheworkofthecenter,co-ordinatearrangementsforthecountyofthefocusoftheworksmoothly,toinspiretheeducationofPartymembersandcadresdoentrepreneurialenthusiasmandtransformationforthestrongpowertopromoteeconomicandsocialdevelopmentacrossandboostthecountyeconomyandsocialsoundandrapiddevelopment!Inaccordancewiththerequirementsofthemunicipal,prefecturalstraighteachunit,town(Park),village(community)thebranch(Branch)"twostudiesdo"studyandeducationworkconferencetoonApril28heldrecentlycompleted,andtoimplementtheconferencespiritandthetimesCountyspecialeducationcoordinationgroup（一）工程建设严格按投资计划执行，严禁擅自提高建设标准，严禁计划外开工项目。有些对原设计影响很小的修改项目，只经甲、乙双方确认就可执行，对某些有可能引起造价较大的变更，如设计不适合使用要求，平面布局、建筑结构及装修标准有大的变动，需要召开建设方、承建方和设计方三家参加的联席会议，从技术、经济等方面进行论证商定，达成一致意见并形成文字纪要备案。 （二）严格设计变更签证审批程序。一般性变更由甲方现场代表起草，交施工负责人及工程指挥部领导审批，大项的变更，应先做概算，报主管首长批准后实施。同时要注重变更的合理性，对于不必要的变更坚决不予通过，对于某些不合理或保守设计，在满足使用要求的前提下，通过优化设计，可降低工程造价。 （三）加强对设计变更工程量及内容的审核监督。对于变更中的内容及工程量增减，由施工、预算人员进行现场抽项实测实量，以保证变更内容的准确性。制定统一的设计变更管理办法，要求变更单编号连贯一致，提高变更单的内容质量，同时变更要准确及时。2.14、竣工决算时严格设计变更单的审查除在施工过程中严把设计变更签证关外，在竣工决算时，决算人员须从专业角度对设计变更进行审查，主要包括以下几个方面。（一）审查设计变更内容是否符合规定。查设计变更内容与原工程标底预算是否重复列项，即设计变更增加的经费是否已包含在合同造价中，如有上述情况，应与签证人员联系补充修改，使其符合规定后，再进行调整修改。 （二）审查手续是否符合规定。凡设计变更都应有建设单位和施工单位的盖章及现场人员的签字，比较重要的设计变更还应有设计单位有关人员的签字，方能生效，手续不全者不予计算。（三）审查内容是否清楚。设计变更都应资料齐全，内容表达清楚，有具体的变更部位、变更原因、变更项目、数量，以及特殊情况的技术处理意见等。设计变更应满足做增减预算的要求。如有的变更内容不清楚或过于简单，应核实具体内容情况，补充设计变更签证。（四）审查签证是否准确。有无把不属签证范畴的内容列入签证参与决算的情况，诸如像施工单位自身原因返工的项目，施工现场临时设施项目，及施工单位现场用工等。ProvidetrainingandtheintroductionofaXXinXXcityXXspecialchildren"sRehabilitationCenterCityFederationofthedisabledandallsectorsofthecommunityconcernandsupportin2013Decemberwasestablished,withthepurposeof"rehabilitation,happy,warmapieceof"rehabilitationpurposes,forthecity"shearingimpairment,autism,mentalretardation,limbandotherspecialchildrentoprovidehigh-quality,convenientandefficientrehabilitationservicesisasetofeducationalrehabilitation,rehabilitationexerciseinonecomprehensiverehabilitationservices.Thecentersinceitsestablishment,adheringtotherehabilitationeffectasthemainstartingpoint,thefullimplementationofprofessionalrehabilitationservicepersonnel,andconstantlyenhancetherehabilitationserviceability,2yearsforatotalof36childrenwithspecialneedschildrenKangComplexservices,includingsixspecialchildrenafterrehabilitationtrainingwereinvolvedinordinarykindergartensandelementaryschoolsenrolled.Atpresent,inthecenteroftheacceptrehabilitationtrainingforchildrenwithspecial22,oneof4childrenwithmentalretardation,childrenwithhearingdisability,9,childrenwithphysicaldisabilities9.IntheMunicipalFederationandthesocialfromallwalksoflifecareandsupport,we,JiangsuProvince,therehabilitationofthedisabledbodyspecificationofconstructionstandardsinaccordancewith,andgraduallymakethecentertothedistinctive,comprehensive,functionmoreperfectprofessionalrehabilitationorganizationstodevelopinthedirectionof,inthedevelopmentprocesswealsoencounteredadifficult,butthroughtheunremittingeffortsofallemployeesinthecenterintherehabilitationeffect,rehabilitationserviceabilityandtherehabilitationservicelevelpromotionbythegoodsocialeffect,whichismainlyreflectedinthefollowingfouraspects:,rehabilitationinstitutionstoregulateconstruction.Rehabilitationcentermustbeinaccordancewiththehardware,personnel,services,rehabilitation,rehabilitationassessmentconstructionstandardizationconstruction,asthecenterisaprivatenon-profitorganizationinthehardwareconstructioninvestmenthasgreatdifficulty.ThereforewepromptlyandcityFIMITICcommunicationandmunicipalCDPFleadershipintheunderstandingoftheactualsituationofcenterofrehabilitationtrainingvenues,equipmentandgavestrongsupport.Atthesametime,wehavealsosentprofessionalrehabilitationteachersparticipatedintheprovincialspecialchildren"srehabilitationprofessionaltrainingclass,letthemcontinuouslybroadentheconceptofrehabilitation,thelearnedknowledgetopracticalwork,graduallyperfectingtherehabilitationeducationLearningquality,enhancetheabilityofrehabilitationservices.,childrentofullyenjoythenearby,ahandyrehabilitationservices.Foundinthepresenceofhearingdisordersinchildrenmustbetimelytowearhearingaidsandrehabilitationtraining,inourcitylastyear,throughtherehabilitationassessmentofhearing-impairedchildrenSunWangyanin2012begantoaccept13 solidgraspofimplement.Below,implementthegoodspiritofthemeeting,thefourpoints.Toquicklystartthedeployment.Thecountyunitstotothemeetingtoit,andactquicklyandseriouslycommunicateconferencespirit,especiallysensitiveSecretaryoftheimportantspeechcontent,tounifytheirthinkingandactiontothecentral,provincialcountydecision-makingarrangements,andenhancethedevelopmentofeducationofideologicalconsciousnessandconsciousactionlearning.Eachunittocombineactualcarefulplanning,paycloseattentiontostudyandformulateimplementationplans,timelyonthe"twostudiesanda"learningandteachingarrangementstoensurethatlearningstartingpointstart,highstandardtocarryout,thehighqualityadvance.Tocarefullyorganizedandimplemented.Adheretothe"learning"isthefoundation,"do"isthekey,strengthenproblemoriented,strictlyfromasolidgraspoflearningandteachingorganizationandimplementation,promotetasksimplemented.Toregular,normallearningeducationasthemainstartingpoint,focusingonthedistinctionbetweenthecharacteristicsofdifferenttypesofPartyorganization,theactualneedsofthedifferentgroupsofPartymembers,topromotelearningeducationsystemimplementation,strengthenguidance,focusonprecisemeasuresandpolicies,encouragegrass-rootsexplorationandinnovation,andconstantlyimprovethelearningeffect.　　Toclearspecificresponsibilities.Partycommittees(party)tograspthelearningeducationasaleadingtaskofthepartybuildsthejobtocatch,earnestlyfulfilltheresponsibilitysubjectofPartybuilding,carefulplanningandarrangements,carefullyorganizedandimplemented,solidpropulsion.Partycommittees(party)ismainlyresponsibleforthecomradestoeffectivelyassumetheresponsibilityasthefirstresponsibleperson,personally,responsibility,improper"balldispensers",thespecificworkoftestingtheeffectivenessoflearningeducationeffect,thecatchinplacetoensurethat,seetheeffectiveness.Fourtoco-ordinatearrangementstoimplement.Tocarryoutthelearningpurposeofeducationispromoteworkcentertodevelop,itmustbecarefullystudiedandthinkdeeplyaboutlearningrelationshipofeducationandtheworkofthecenter,co-ordinatearrangementsforthecountyofthefocusoftheworksmoothly,toinspiretheeducationofPartymembersandcadresdoentrepreneurialenthusiasmandtransformationforthestrongpowertopromoteeconomicandsocialdevelopmentacrossandboostthecountyeconomyandsocialsoundandrapiddevelopment!Inaccordancewiththerequirementsofthemunicipal,prefecturalstraighteachunit,town(Park),village(community)thebranch(Branch)"twostudiesdo"studyandeducationworkconferencetoonApril28heldrecentlycompleted,andtoimplementtheconferencespiritandthetimesCountyspecialeducationcoordinationgroup2.15、抓好项目实施及竣工决算中审计制度的落实目前在各施工企业经济独立核算的情况下，乙方都以获取最大限度利润为目的。因此，要把好开标前审计，开标、评标审计，定标、合同审计，及决算审计关。开标、评标、定标、合同审计，主要是审查其合法性合理性，公正性及可操作性，而竣工决算审计是最后一道关口，主要目的是促进建设单位强化管理意识、完善管理制度、改进管理方法等，使工程建设投资达到最佳的经济性、效率性、效果性，审计人员须秉公办事，坚持原则，从严把关；工作中应坚持深入施工现场，了解工程变更内容的具体做法，熟悉工程变更增减工程量情况，为决算审计打下基础，同时要建立严格的审计制度，审减率直接和岗位责任、评功评奖等挂钩，只有坚持严格的办法和程序，才能保证决算的真实性、严肃性。严格坚持项目全程审计制度，对有效控制工程造价必将发挥巨大作用2.2工程造价控制体现的管理措施招投标阶段工程造价控制 ，应注重招标文件及工程量清单编制工作。招标文件作为整个招投标过程乃至工程项目实施全过程的纲领性文件，是整个工程造价控制的关键。编制工程量清单要注意编制依据、项目划分，清单说明言简意赅。  重视询标工作。合理低价中标在开标后，定标之前在建设工程招投标管理部门的监督下，对投标人进行询标。通过询标，可排除不合理报价，避免错报、漏报，便于招投标双方对有关问题互相解释、澄清，为确定合理的合同价打下良好基础。        评标中应注意在审查投标单位报价时，不能只看总造价不看分项单价，因为实际上总价符合要求的，并不等于每分项报价符合要求；总报价最低的，并不等于每一项报价最低。有些投标单位虽然总价差距不大，但有些项目的单价却差距较大，最终会增加结算造价。正视存在的问题，积极寻求解决办法  ：1.“三公原则”是招投标活动必须执行的基本准则，参与各方都必须遵守 ProvidetrainingandtheintroductionofaXXinXXcityXXspecialchildren"sRehabilitationCenterCityFederationofthedisabledandallsectorsofthecommunityconcernandsupportin2013Decemberwasestablished,withthepurposeof"rehabilitation,happy,warmapieceof"rehabilitationpurposes,forthecity"shearingimpairment,autism,mentalretardation,limbandotherspecialchildrentoprovidehigh-quality,convenientandefficientrehabilitationservicesisasetofeducationalrehabilitation,rehabilitationexerciseinonecomprehensiverehabilitationservices.Thecentersinceitsestablishment,adheringtotherehabilitationeffectasthemainstartingpoint,thefullimplementationofprofessionalrehabilitationservicepersonnel,andconstantlyenhancetherehabilitationserviceability,2yearsforatotalof36childrenwithspecialneedschildrenKangComplexservices,includingsixspecialchildrenafterrehabilitationtrainingwereinvolvedinordinarykindergartensandelementaryschoolsenrolled.Atpresent,inthecenteroftheacceptrehabilitationtrainingforchildrenwithspecial22,oneof4childrenwithmentalretardation,childrenwithhearingdisability,9,childrenwithphysicaldisabilities9.IntheMunicipalFederationandthesocialfromallwalksoflifecareandsupport,we,JiangsuProvince,therehabilitationofthedisabledbodyspecificationofconstructionstandardsinaccordancewith,andgraduallymakethecentertothedistinctive,comprehensive,functionmoreperfectprofessionalrehabilitationorganizationstodevelopinthedirectionof,inthedevelopmentprocesswealsoencounteredadifficult,butthroughtheunremittingeffortsofallemployeesinthecenterintherehabilitationeffect,rehabilitationserviceabilityandtherehabilitationservicelevelpromotionbythegoodsocialeffect,whichismainlyreflectedinthefollowingfouraspects:,rehabilitationinstitutionstoregulateconstruction.Rehabilitationcentermustbeinaccordancewiththehardware,personnel,services,rehabilitation,rehabilitationassessmentconstructionstandardizationconstruction,asthecenterisaprivatenon-profitorganizationinthehardwareconstructioninvestmenthasgreatdifficulty.ThereforewepromptlyandcityFIMITICcommunicationandmunicipalCDPFleadershipintheunderstandingoftheactualsituationofcenterofrehabilitationtrainingvenues,equipmentandgavestrongsupport.Atthesametime,wehavealsosentprofessionalrehabilitationteachersparticipatedintheprovincialspecialchildren"srehabilitationprofessionaltrainingclass,letthemcontinuouslybroadentheconceptofrehabilitation,thelearnedknowledgetopracticalwork,graduallyperfectingtherehabilitationeducationLearningquality,enhancetheabilityofrehabilitationservices.,childrentofullyenjoythenearby,ahandyrehabilitationservices.Foundinthepresenceofhearingdisordersinchildrenmustbetimelytowearhearingaidsandrehabilitationtraining,inourcitylastyear,throughtherehabilitationassessmentofhearing-impairedchildrenSunWangyanin2012begantoaccept13 solidgraspofimplement.Below,implementthegoodspiritofthemeeting,thefourpoints.Toquicklystartthedeployment.Thecountyunitstotothemeetingtoit,andactquicklyandseriouslycommunicateconferencespirit,especiallysensitiveSecretaryoftheimportantspeechcontent,tounifytheirthinkingandactiontothecentral,provincialcountydecision-makingarrangements,andenhancethedevelopmentofeducationofideologicalconsciousnessandconsciousactionlearning.Eachunittocombineactualcarefulplanning,paycloseattentiontostudyandformulateimplementationplans,timelyonthe"twostudiesanda"learningandteachingarrangementstoensurethatlearningstartingpointstart,highstandardtocarryout,thehighqualityadvance.Tocarefullyorganizedandimplemented.Adheretothe"learning"isthefoundation,"do"isthekey,strengthenproblemoriented,strictlyfromasolidgraspoflearningandteachingorganizationandimplementation,promotetasksimplemented.Toregular,normallearningeducationasthemainstartingpoint,focusingonthedistinctionbetweenthecharacteristicsofdifferenttypesofPartyorganization,theactualneedsofthedifferentgroupsofPartymembers,topromotelearningeducationsystemimplementation,strengthenguidance,focusonprecisemeasuresandpolicies,encouragegrass-rootsexplorationandinnovation,andconstantlyimprovethelearningeffect.　　Toclearspecificresponsibilities.Partycommittees(party)tograspthelearningeducationasaleadingtaskofthepartybuildsthejobtocatch,earnestlyfulfilltheresponsibilitysubjectofPartybuilding,carefulplanningandarrangements,carefullyorganizedandimplemented,solidpropulsion.Partycommittees(party)ismainlyresponsibleforthecomradestoeffectivelyassumetheresponsibilityasthefirstresponsibleperson,personally,responsibility,improper"balldispensers",thespecificworkoftestingtheeffectivenessoflearningeducationeffect,thecatchinplacetoensurethat,seetheeffectiveness.Fourtoco-ordinatearrangementstoimplement.Tocarryoutthelearningpurposeofeducationispromoteworkcentertodevelop,itmustbecarefullystudiedandthinkdeeplyaboutlearningrelationshipofeducationandtheworkofthecenter,co-ordinatearrangementsforthecountyofthefocusoftheworksmoothly,toinspiretheeducationofPartymembersandcadresdoentrepreneurialenthusiasmandtransformationforthestrongpowertopromoteeconomicandsocialdevelopmentacrossandboostthecountyeconomyandsocialsoundandrapiddevelopment!Inaccordancewiththerequirementsofthemunicipal,prefecturalstraighteachunit,town(Park),village(community)thebranch(Branch)"twostudiesdo"studyandeducationworkconferencetoonApril28heldrecentlycompleted,andtoimplementtheconferencespiritandthetimesCountyspecialeducationcoordinationgroup招标文件公平性问题的出现，与目前建筑市场竞争激烈密切相关。少数招标人利用这种形式，把自己应该承担的工程量清单编制责任和风险全部都转嫁给了投标人；有的招标人则是简单认为为了避免以后结算麻烦，最好投标时就算清楚一次性包干；还有的则是某些工程造价咨询单位为了推卸工程量清单编制责任，降低自己的工作难度，蒙骗无经验的业主，鼓吹只有让投标人自己核实工程量后进行总价包下，才能控制工程造价、约束投标人等等而制定的。解决这个问题的关键是加大招标文件的监督审批力度，制止类似情况出现。招投标监督部门应该依法行政，客观公正地维护各方的合法权益，大力宣传贯彻“三公原则”和有关政策法规。    2.工程量清单质量不高，说到底是编制单位技术水平和责任心的问题  。一般工程造价咨询单位的从业人员都是外聘或者兼职的，自己很少有固定的造价人员，即使有一般都从事经营管理协调工作，很少亲自动手操作。他们接到业务后临时拼凑一个班子进行编制，由于外聘或兼职人员水平参差不齐，加之又有自身的工作，忙不过来的时候应付了事，自然工程量清单的编制质量就可想而知了。工程量清单的编制是一项非常细致浩繁的工作，没有足够的技术人员和时间保证是无法完成的，建议建设行政主管部门加强对工程造价咨询单位的资质管理，清理造价人员的挂靠情况，不定期组织专家检查工程造价咨询单位的工作质量。工程造价咨询单位也要不断提高自身的专业技术水平，建立一支稳定的技术骨干队伍，满足建筑市场的需要。    3.施工企业要根据自己的经济实力，合理地确定适合企业实际的经营报价策略 。 认真学习《清单计价》和有关政策法规，编制或完善企业定额，构建自己的报价体系，摒弃投机心理，树立风险意识。要认真学习、研究招标文件，深入市场调查，了解对手，顺应市场而不被市场牵着鼻子走，才能在竞争日益激烈的建筑市场上立于不败之地。    4.经济标的权重增大，要十分重视评审工作  。由于排行初期没有一套完整科学的评审办法，唯一可依循的就是“经评审的最低投标价法”。“经评审”如何评审？以什么标准进行评审？谁能判定投标人的报价低于企业成本？解决这个问题的唯一办法，就是由建设行政主管部门根据《清单规范》和有关法规，并结合当地实际，制定出一个能现范投标报价及评市行为、维护招标投标活动当事人合法权益的管理办法和评审办法。目前，四川省已出台了《四川省建设工程工程量清单计价管理试行办法》和《四川省房屋建筑和巾政基础设施工程量清单招标投标报价评审试行办法》，明确规定了管理细则，具有一定的操作性。  ProvidetrainingandtheintroductionofaXXinXXcityXXspecialchildren"sRehabilitationCenterCityFederationofthedisabledandallsectorsofthecommunityconcernandsupportin2013Decemberwasestablished,withthepurposeof"rehabilitation,happy,warmapieceof"rehabilitationpurposes,forthecity"shearingimpairment,autism,mentalretardation,limbandotherspecialchildrentoprovidehigh-quality,convenientandefficientrehabilitationservicesisasetofeducationalrehabilitation,rehabilitationexerciseinonecomprehensiverehabilitationservices.Thecentersinceitsestablishment,adheringtotherehabilitationeffectasthemainstartingpoint,thefullimplementationofprofessionalrehabilitationservicepersonnel,andconstantlyenhancetherehabilitationserviceability,2yearsforatotalof36childrenwithspecialneedschildrenKangComplexservices,includingsixspecialchildrenafterrehabilitationtrainingwereinvolvedinordinarykindergartensandelementaryschoolsenrolled.Atpresent,inthecenteroftheacceptrehabilitationtrainingforchildrenwithspecial22,oneof4childrenwithmentalretardation,childrenwithhearingdisability,9,childrenwithphysicaldisabilities9.IntheMunicipalFederationandthesocialfromallwalksoflifecareandsupport,we,JiangsuProvince,therehabilitationofthedisabledbodyspecificationofconstructionstandardsinaccordancewith,andgraduallymakethecentertothedistinctive,comprehensive,functionmoreperfectprofessionalrehabilitationorganizationstodevelopinthedirectionof,inthedevelopmentprocesswealsoencounteredadifficult,butthroughtheunremittingeffortsofallemployeesinthecenterintherehabilitationeffect,rehabilitationserviceabilityandtherehabilitationservicelevelpromotionbythegoodsocialeffect,whichismainlyreflectedinthefollowingfouraspects:,rehabilitationinstitutionstoregulateconstruction.Rehabilitationcentermustbeinaccordancewiththehardware,personnel,services,rehabilitation,rehabilitationassessmentconstructionstandardizationconstruction,asthecenterisaprivatenon-profitorganizationinthehardwareconstructioninvestmenthasgreatdifficulty.ThereforewepromptlyandcityFIMITICcommunicationandmunicipalCDPFleadershipintheunderstandingoftheactualsituationofcenterofrehabilitationtrainingvenues,equipmentandgavestrongsupport.Atthesametime,wehavealsosentprofessionalrehabilitationteachersparticipatedintheprovincialspecialchildren"srehabilitationprofessionaltrainingclass,letthemcontinuouslybroadentheconceptofrehabilitation,thelearnedknowledgetopracticalwork,graduallyperfectingtherehabilitationeducationLearningquality,enhancetheabilityofrehabilitationservices.,childrentofullyenjoythenearby,ahandyrehabilitationservices.Foundinthepresenceofhearingdisordersinchildrenmustbetimelytowearhearingaidsandrehabilitationtraining,inourcitylastyear,throughtherehabilitationassessmentofhearing-impairedchildrenSunWangyanin2012begantoaccept13 solidgraspofimplement.Below,implementthegoodspiritofthemeeting,thefourpoints.Toquicklystartthedeployment.Thecountyunitstotothemeetingtoit,andactquicklyandseriouslycommunicateconferencespirit,especiallysensitiveSecretaryoftheimportantspeechcontent,tounifytheirthinkingandactiontothecentral,provincialcountydecision-makingarrangements,andenhancethedevelopmentofeducationofideologicalconsciousnessandconsciousactionlearning.Eachunittocombineactualcarefulplanning,paycloseattentiontostudyandformulateimplementationplans,timelyonthe"twostudiesanda"learningandteachingarrangementstoensurethatlearningstartingpointstart,highstandardtocarryout,thehighqualityadvance.Tocarefullyorganizedandimplemented.Adheretothe"learning"isthefoundation,"do"isthekey,strengthenproblemoriented,strictlyfromasolidgraspoflearningandteachingorganizationandimplementation,promotetasksimplemented.Toregular,normallearningeducationasthemainstartingpoint,focusingonthedistinctionbetweenthecharacteristicsofdifferenttypesofPartyorganization,theactualneedsofthedifferentgroupsofPartymembers,topromotelearningeducationsystemimplementation,strengthenguidance,focusonprecisemeasuresandpolicies,encouragegrass-rootsexplorationandinnovation,andconstantlyimprovethelearningeffect.　　Toclearspecificresponsibilities.Partycommittees(party)tograspthelearningeducationasaleadingtaskofthepartybuildsthejobtocatch,earnestlyfulfilltheresponsibilitysubjectofPartybuilding,carefulplanningandarrangements,carefullyorganizedandimplemented,solidpropulsion.Partycommittees(party)ismainlyresponsibleforthecomradestoeffectivelyassumetheresponsibilityasthefirstresponsibleperson,personally,responsibility,improper"balldispensers",thespecificworkoftestingtheeffectivenessoflearningeducationeffect,thecatchinplacetoensurethat,seetheeffectiveness.Fourtoco-ordinatearrangementstoimplement.Tocarryoutthelearningpurposeofeducationispromoteworkcentertodevelop,itmustbecarefullystudiedandthinkdeeplyaboutlearningrelationshipofeducationandtheworkofthecenter,co-ordinatearrangementsforthecountyofthefocusoftheworksmoothly,toinspiretheeducationofPartymembersandcadresdoentrepreneurialenthusiasmandtransformationforthestrongpowertopromoteeconomicandsocialdevelopmentacrossandboostthecountyeconomyandsocialsoundandrapiddevelopment!Inaccordancewiththerequirementsofthemunicipal,prefecturalstraighteachunit,town(Park),village(community)thebranch(Branch)"twostudiesdo"studyandeducationworkconferencetoonApril28heldrecentlycompleted,andtoimplementtheconferencespiritandthetimesCountyspecialeducationcoordinationgroup  5.提高评标人员的专业技师水平，加强职业道德教育  。评标人员工作质量的好坏，是否客观公正独立的作出判断，是否对每一份标书都进行仔细分析、评审，直接影响到招投标工作的质量。建议招标监督机构要求参与评标的人员各自写出评审报告，阐明打分理由，以便检查评标人员的专业技术水平和对评标工作的职业道德，防止滥竽充数和滥用职权，纯洁评标人员队伍。    6.公开评标的具体单项评分结果。公开具体单项的评分结果，当众公布技术标的评分，是遏制评标工作暗箱操作的有效手段。  参考文献：[1]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部．GB50500-2008 建设工程工程量清单计价规范[S]．北京：中国计划出版社，2008.[2]许桂荣．工程项目全面造价管理[J]．工程造价管理，2005（2）.[3]王楠，刘永前．建设工程造价控制与案例分析[M]．武汉：武汉理工大学出版社，2005． ）[4]、赵林福，谈谈建设单位如何加强造价管理[J]，《造价师》出版社，2006年12月[5]、张军，浅谈工程量清单计价[J]，山西建筑，2003年第29期［6］刘伊生主编工程造价管理基础理论与相关法规［M］北京：中国计划出版社，2003年P22ProvidetrainingandtheintroductionofaXXinXXcityXXspecialchildren"sRehabilitationCenterCityFederationofthedisabledandallsectorsofthecommunityconcernandsupportin2013Decemberwasestablished,withthepurposeof"rehabilitation,happy,warmapieceof"rehabilitationpurposes,forthecity"shearingimpairment,autism,mentalretardation,limbandotherspecialchildrentoprovidehigh-quality,convenientandefficientrehabilitationservicesisasetofeducationalrehabilitation,rehabilitationexerciseinonecomprehensiverehabilitationservices.Thecentersinceitsestablishment,adheringtotherehabilitationeffectasthemainstartingpoint,thefullimplementationofprofessionalrehabilitationservicepersonnel,andconstantlyenhancetherehabilitationserviceability,2yearsforatotalof36childrenwithspecialneedschildrenKangComplexservices,includingsixspecialchildrenafterrehabilitationtrainingwereinvolvedinordinarykindergartensandelementaryschoolsenrolled.Atpresent,inthecenteroftheacceptrehabilitationtrainingforchildrenwithspecial22,oneof4childrenwithmentalretardation,childrenwithhearingdisability,9,childrenwithphysicaldisabilities9.IntheMunicipalFederationandthesocialfromallwalksoflifecareandsupport,we,JiangsuProvince,therehabilitationofthedisabledbodyspecificationofconstructionstandardsinaccordancewith,andgraduallymakethecentertothedistinctive,comprehensive,functionmoreperfectprofessionalrehabilitationorganizationstodevelopinthedirectionof,inthedevelopmentprocesswealsoencounteredadifficult,butthroughtheunremittingeffortsofallemployeesinthecenterintherehabilitationeffect,rehabilitationserviceabilityandtherehabilitationservicelevelpromotionbythegoodsocialeffect,whichismainlyreflectedinthefollowingfouraspects:,rehabilitationinstitutionstoregulateconstruction.Rehabilitationcentermustbeinaccordancewiththehardware,personnel,services,rehabilitation,rehabilitationassessmentconstructionstandardizationconstruction,asthecenterisaprivatenon-profitorganizationinthehardwareconstructioninvestmenthasgreatdifficulty.ThereforewepromptlyandcityFIMITICcommunicationandmunicipalCDPFleadershipintheunderstandingoftheactualsituationofcenterofrehabilitationtrainingvenues,equipmentandgavestrongsupport.Atthesametime,wehavealsosentprofessionalrehabilitationteachersparticipatedintheprovincialspecialchildren"srehabilitationprofessionaltrainingclass,letthemcontinuouslybroadentheconceptofrehabilitation,thelearnedknowledgetopracticalwork,graduallyperfectingtherehabilitationeducationLearningquality,enhancetheabilityofrehabilitationservices.,childrentofullyenjoythenearby,ahandyrehabilitationservices.Foundinthepresenceofhearingdisordersinchildrenmustbetimelytowearhearingaidsandrehabilitationtraining,inourcitylastyear,throughtherehabilitationassessmentofhearing-impairedchildrenSunWangyanin2012begantoaccept13'