cfg桩地基处理施工工艺

'1,coalmines,mineareinchargeofthewatercontrolworkresponsibility,and(b)specificallyresponsibleforthetechnicalmanagementofwaterpreventionandcontrolwork.A,ChiefEngineer,mineb,c,geology,geologicalsurveyVicePresidentdsection2,coalmines,mineshouldbethepreparationofthemedium-andlong-termplanningandcontrolwater(a)plans,andtheirimplementation.A,yearb,quartersc,3,coalmines,mineshouldbe(a)forwatereducationandtrainingtoensureemployeeshavethenecessaryknowledgeofwatercontrol,improvingwatercontrolworkskillsandtheabilitytoresistwaterdamage.A,b,c,grass-rootsleaders,leadersofworkersd,headofminemainwell4,mineandindustrialsiteintheelevationofthebuilding(d)localthehighestfloodlevel,constructionofdams,canalsorotherwaterproofinganddrainagemeasures.A,isequaltob,nohigherthanc,higherthand,lessthan5,minemainpumpingstationshouldbeatleast(b)exits,anexitwithinclinedroadwayintothewellbore,overandabovethepumpHousefloor7m.A,1b,2c,3d,46miningareawaterChamber,theeffectivecapacityshouldbeabletohold(b)normalinflowinminingarea.A,2Hb,4Hc,6hd,8h7,shortsumpcapacityshouldbemaintainedatatotalcapacityof(b)above.A,40%b,50%c,60%d,70%8,intheyearbeforetherainyseason,shouldcompleteoverhaul(a),andallpumpsandbackuppumpswere1jointtestsandfoundtheproblemanddealwithit.A,1b,2c,3d,4-9,complexandverycomplexhydrogeologicalconditionsofmineonthegroundcouldnotbeidentifiedwhenminehydrogeologicalconditionandwaterfillingfactorsshouldbepersisted,(d)theprincipleofstrengtheningtheworkofsurveywater.A,diggingafterthefirstb,cmining,afterthefirsthadthesuspectswillfindd,excavationswillbe10,penetratingexplorationofgoafwater,karsticwateranddrillingwater,waterdrillinggrouplayout,andintheroadwayinfrontofthehorizontalplaneandverticalplanefan-shaped.Drillholelocationstomeethorizontaldistance(d)asthestandard,thickcoalseamintheboreholeoffsetmustnotexceed1.5M.A,1Mb,1.5Mc,2md,3M11,seam,prohibitioninprinciplesurveywaterpressureabove(c)MPawaterfillingfaultwater,aquiferwaterandkarsticwater.Ifneeded,youcanwaterproofwallandgatewallwithinsurveywater.A,b0.5,0.8c,1d,1.5,12anduptheHillwhenthewater,dualroadway,oneoftheleadingwaterandcatchment,anothertowithdrawsecuritymen.Doubleroomevery(b)1mexcavationcontactLane,andretainingwalls.A,10-30b,30-50c,50-70d,70-10013,down-holesurveywatershoulduseadedicated...CFG桩地基处理施工工艺中铁十七局三公司杭甬项目崔松召摘要：CFG桩是一种提高地基承载力的地基处理技术，广泛运用于正常固结的素填土和淤泥质土。我单位承担的咸阳制梁场，制梁台座、存梁台座、提运梁机通道位于淤泥质土层，地基承载力小于设计要求的250kpa，为此我作采用CFG桩施工来满足地基承载力的要求，而制定科学合理的施工工艺就成为确保满足承载力要求的关键。关键词：CFG桩施工工艺CFG桩是指由水泥、粉煤灰、碎石、石屑或砂加水拌和而成的高粘结强度的桩。桩、桩间土和褥垫层一起构成复合地基。此复合地基具有承载力提高幅度大，地基变形小的特点，并且有较大的适用范围。就土性而言，适用于粘土、粉土、砂土和正常固结的素填土，对淤泥质土也适用。现结合咸阳制梁场施工经验介绍一下CFG桩施工工艺。1适用范围本方案适用于郑西客专咸阳制梁场制梁区地基采用CFG桩加固处理的施工，并使用长螺旋钻机成孔，管内泵压混合料灌注成桩。2施工工艺2.1施工流程图（见CFG桩施工流程图）2.2施工过程及作业要求本段CFG桩均采用长螺旋钻机成孔，管内泵压混合料灌注成桩的方法施工。具体施工过程如下：2.2.1施工准备2.2.1.1清理表层种植土，平整场地，再铺0.5m的碎石土，做好地表排水系统。如地表存在斜坡，应尽量开挖或填筑至横断面为水平。并对地基压实系数进行检测，使压实系数不小于0.9。当需挖台阶时，台阶高宜为0.6m左右，台阶长度和宽度应满足长螺旋钻机安全作业要求。制梁台段：开挖至桩顶设计标高以上不小于1.0m，平整场地，做好临时排水系统。2.2.1.2技术人员根据设计图放出每根CFG桩的具体位置，并用竹桩标记，或撒石灰画圈。因CFG桩灌注完成后要截除保护桩头约50cm，故应对地面进行抄平，计算出每桩钻进深度。对施工人员进行技术交底，包括桩位、钻进深度、施工顺序和施工注意事项等。2.2.1.3技术人员按照设计要求进行沉降观测的准备工作，沉降观测网，埋设相应桩橛，并进行初次测量。施工期间按要求进行沉降观测。同时在CFG桩施工前做好地质核对工作，地质核对工作采用先导孔法，利用长螺旋钻机沿线路方向至少每25mExamexamelements1.findouttheCentralthesisofthearticle2:identifytypesofargumentssummarizedtheargumentsofthemaincontent3.identificationofthemethodsusedinthisparagraphorsentence,anditsbenefits.4.(thisparagraph)demonstration(process)whatisit?5.tastethebenefitsoreffectsofsomewordsinasentence.6.foranarticletoaddafactorreasonableargument7.doyouagreewiththeauthor?Pleaseexplainthereasons.Argumentativeistalkingaboutasthemainexpressionofstyle.Throughfactsandreason,uselogictoshowthattheauthor"sviewsandattitudestoanissueandanalysisonsomephenomenonofinsightsandideas.Threeelementsofargumentationelements:argument1,argument:argument:authors"opinions,viewsandideas.(Right,distinct)Note:essaysgenerallyhaveonlyoneargument,somearoundthecentralargumentputforwardseveralarguments,argumentsareusedtojustifycentralargument.Findargumentofmethod:atoseearticlesoftitleIItonoteargumentinarticlesintheoflocation⑴titlereveals;bbeginningproposed;ctalkprocessinthesharpproposed;dendantibody;⑸articlesinthenoproposed,neededreadershimselfantibodynotedistinguishtopicsandargument:topicsistalkpaperbytodescribedofmaincontent,andargumentisauthoronbydescribedofcontentbymadeofclearofjudgeofsentences.2,lookingfororrefinethemethodarguments:(a),seetopic(b),start(c),end(four),middle(five),hisinductionanhonestmanisalwayssuffer?inthedarkolddaysofcorruption,honestpeoplesufferisnotsurprising,evencommonplace.However,withthedevelopmentandprogressofsociety,honestmansufferlossesnolongerbecomeacommonandnormalphenomenon.Dishonestpeoplemaybeproudofamoment,butultimatelytheexpenseofthem.AsLuXunsaidleasingwillalsodrownhisown.IllusionandlieswasuncoveredthedayliarHeYanpeople?someflattery,speculativehackwhosoonwouldbeappreciatedbyaboss,buthewouldalwaysrideit?thesayinggoes:"clevertobewise"dishonestpeopleultimatelyhavetopaythepriceforhisdishonesty.Overall,ordoinganhonestmandoesnotsuffer.Thisargumentisanhonestmandoesnotloseexam:argumentisthathowcome?Introductionofarguments:(1),straighttothecentralargumentputforward.Forexample:onthebackboneoftheproposedopeningof"weChineseareproudof"(2),askquestions,addacentralargument.Forexample:ofthethinkinganddoingfor"dreams"and"death"ofthearguments.(3)cases,accordingtotheexperienceofalifepoint(4),drawsfromthestoryproblems,arguments(5),thecentralargumentputforwardinsomeway.Forinstance,metaphor,comparingelementsofthesecond:theargumentsargument:thematerialtoprovepoint.(Authentic)1,argumenttype①facts...5 1,coalmines,mineareinchargeofthewatercontrolworkresponsibility,and(b)specificallyresponsibleforthetechnicalmanagementofwaterpreventionandcontrolwork.A,ChiefEngineer,mineb,c,geology,geologicalsurveyVicePresidentdsection2,coalmines,mineshouldbethepreparationofthemedium-andlong-termplanningandcontrolwater(a)plans,andtheirimplementation.A,yearb,quartersc,3,coalmines,mineshouldbe(a)forwatereducationandtrainingtoensureemployeeshavethenecessaryknowledgeofwatercontrol,improvingwatercontrolworkskillsandtheabilitytoresistwaterdamage.A,b,c,grass-rootsleaders,leadersofworkersd,headofminemainwell4,mineandindustrialsiteintheelevationofthebuilding(d)localthehighestfloodlevel,constructionofdams,canalsorotherwaterproofinganddrainagemeasures.A,isequaltob,nohigherthanc,higherthand,lessthan5,minemainpumpingstationshouldbeatleast(b)exits,anexitwithinclinedroadwayintothewellbore,overandabovethepumpHousefloor7m.A,1b,2c,3d,46miningareawaterChamber,theeffectivecapacityshouldbeabletohold(b)normalinflowinminingarea.A,2Hb,4Hc,6hd,8h7,shortsumpcapacityshouldbemaintainedatatotalcapacityof(b)above.A,40%b,50%c,60%d,70%8,intheyearbeforetherainyseason,shouldcompleteoverhaul(a),andallpumpsandbackuppumpswere1jointtestsandfoundtheproblemanddealwithit.A,1b,2c,3d,4-9,complexandverycomplexhydrogeologicalconditionsofmineonthegroundcouldnotbeidentifiedwhenminehydrogeologicalconditionandwaterfillingfactorsshouldbepersisted,(d)theprincipleofstrengtheningtheworkofsurveywater.A,diggingafterthefirstb,cmining,afterthefirsthadthesuspectswillfindd,excavationswillbe10,penetratingexplorationofgoafwater,karsticwateranddrillingwater,waterdrillinggrouplayout,andintheroadwayinfrontofthehorizontalplaneandverticalplanefan-shaped.Drillholelocationstomeethorizontaldistance(d)asthestandard,thickcoalseamintheboreholeoffsetmustnotexceed1.5M.A,1Mb,1.5Mc,2md,3M11,seam,prohibitioninprinciplesurveywaterpressureabove(c)MPawaterfillingfaultwater,aquiferwaterandkarsticwater.Ifneeded,youcanwaterproofwallandgatewallwithinsurveywater.A,b0.5,0.8c,1d,1.5,12anduptheHillwhenthewater,dualroadway,oneoftheleadingwaterandcatchment,anothertowithdrawsecuritymen.Doubleroomevery(b)1mexcavationcontactLane,andretainingwalls.A,10-30b,30-50c,50-70d,70-10013,down-holesurveywatershoulduseadedicated...核对一个断面，每个断面做三个长螺旋钻孔，利用长螺旋提出的芯样核对每个地层，同时要注意是否有软弱层。若勘探出的持力层标高和设计上相差超过1m或其他异常情况时，将相关资料报设计进行核查处理。2.2.1.4根据设计桩长情况，进场相应匹配的长螺旋钻机。施工前应进行工艺性试验，数量不小于4根，以确定设备、工艺、施工顺序，确定材料选择、混合料配合比、坍落度、搅拌时间、拔管速度等各项工艺参数。作为施工依据。施工准备桩机就位位长螺旋钻进到设计标高泵料注满芯管转移桩机测量放线停钻边泵料边拔芯管成桩28天后检测工艺试验安装桩机位混合料搅拌计量投料配合比确定材料试验制作试件褥垫层施工清土、截除保护桩CFG桩施工流程图2.2.2钻机就位移动钻机至设计桩位，利用桩机塔身前后和左右垂直标杆检查塔身导杆，校正位置，使钻杆垂直对准桩位中心。钻杆的垂直度偏差不应大于1%，桩位偏差不大于5cm。2.2.3钻进至设计标高钻孔开始时，关闭钻头阀门，向下移动钻杆至钻头接触至地面时，启动电机钻入，钻进时应先慢后快。在遇到较硬土层，钻杆出现摇晃，进尺困难时，应放慢速度，直至钻至设计标高。钻杆上应作好钻进长度标记，记录钻进深度。整个钻进过程中应注意保持钻机稳定，避免倾斜和错位。同时边钻进边清理桩位周边的土。钻到硬质基底的判定标准：1、钻进电流表达到试验桩取得的到达硬底的试验值。Examexamelements1.findouttheCentralthesisofthearticle2:identifytypesofargumentssummarizedtheargumentsofthemaincontent3.identificationofthemethodsusedinthisparagraphorsentence,anditsbenefits.4.(thisparagraph)demonstration(process)whatisit?5.tastethebenefitsoreffectsofsomewordsinasentence.6.foranarticletoaddafactorreasonableargument7.doyouagreewiththeauthor?Pleaseexplainthereasons.Argumentativeistalkingaboutasthemainexpressionofstyle.Throughfactsandreason,uselogictoshowthattheauthor"sviewsandattitudestoanissueandanalysisonsomephenomenonofinsightsandideas.Threeelementsofargumentationelements:argument1,argument:argument:authors"opinions,viewsandideas.(Right,distinct)Note:essaysgenerallyhaveonlyoneargument,somearoundthecentralargumentputforwardseveralarguments,argumentsareusedtojustifycentralargument.Findargumentofmethod:atoseearticlesoftitleIItonoteargumentinarticlesintheoflocation⑴titlereveals;bbeginningproposed;ctalkprocessinthesharpproposed;dendantibody;⑸articlesinthenoproposed,neededreadershimselfantibodynotedistinguishtopicsandargument:topicsistalkpaperbytodescribedofmaincontent,andargumentisauthoronbydescribedofcontentbymadeofclearofjudgeofsentences.2,lookingfororrefinethemethodarguments:(a),seetopic(b),start(c),end(four),middle(five),hisinductionanhonestmanisalwayssuffer?inthedarkolddaysofcorruption,honestpeoplesufferisnotsurprising,evencommonplace.However,withthedevelopmentandprogressofsociety,honestmansufferlossesnolongerbecomeacommonandnormalphenomenon.Dishonestpeoplemaybeproudofamoment,butultimatelytheexpenseofthem.AsLuXunsaidleasingwillalsodrownhisown.IllusionandlieswasuncoveredthedayliarHeYanpeople?someflattery,speculativehackwhosoonwouldbeappreciatedbyaboss,buthewouldalwaysrideit?thesayinggoes:"clevertobewise"dishonestpeopleultimatelyhavetopaythepriceforhisdishonesty.Overall,ordoinganhonestmandoesnotsuffer.Thisargumentisanhonestmandoesnotloseexam:argumentisthathowcome?Introductionofarguments:(1),straighttothecentralargumentputforward.Forexample:onthebackboneoftheproposedopeningof"weChineseareproudof"(2),askquestions,addacentralargument.Forexample:ofthethinkinganddoingfor"dreams"and"death"ofthearguments.(3)cases,accordingtotheexperienceofalifepoint(4),drawsfromthestoryproblems,arguments(5),thecentralargumentputforwardinsomeway.Forinstance,metaphor,comparingelementsofthesecond:theargumentsargument:thematerialtoprovepoint.(Authentic)1,argumenttype①facts...5 1,coalmines,mineareinchargeofthewatercontrolworkresponsibility,and(b)specificallyresponsibleforthetechnicalmanagementofwaterpreventionandcontrolwork.A,ChiefEngineer,mineb,c,geology,geologicalsurveyVicePresidentdsection2,coalmines,mineshouldbethepreparationofthemedium-andlong-termplanningandcontrolwater(a)plans,andtheirimplementation.A,yearb,quartersc,3,coalmines,mineshouldbe(a)forwatereducationandtrainingtoensureemployeeshavethenecessaryknowledgeofwatercontrol,improvingwatercontrolworkskillsandtheabilitytoresistwaterdamage.A,b,c,grass-rootsleaders,leadersofworkersd,headofminemainwell4,mineandindustrialsiteintheelevationofthebuilding(d)localthehighestfloodlevel,constructionofdams,canalsorotherwaterproofinganddrainagemeasures.A,isequaltob,nohigherthanc,higherthand,lessthan5,minemainpumpingstationshouldbeatleast(b)exits,anexitwithinclinedroadwayintothewellbore,overandabovethepumpHousefloor7m.A,1b,2c,3d,46miningareawaterChamber,theeffectivecapacityshouldbeabletohold(b)normalinflowinminingarea.A,2Hb,4Hc,6hd,8h7,shortsumpcapacityshouldbemaintainedatatotalcapacityof(b)above.A,40%b,50%c,60%d,70%8,intheyearbeforetherainyseason,shouldcompleteoverhaul(a),andallpumpsandbackuppumpswere1jointtestsandfoundtheproblemanddealwithit.A,1b,2c,3d,4-9,complexandverycomplexhydrogeologicalconditionsofmineonthegroundcouldnotbeidentifiedwhenminehydrogeologicalconditionandwaterfillingfactorsshouldbepersisted,(d)theprincipleofstrengtheningtheworkofsurveywater.A,diggingafterthefirstb,cmining,afterthefirsthadthesuspectswillfindd,excavationswillbe10,penetratingexplorationofgoafwater,karsticwateranddrillingwater,waterdrillinggrouplayout,andintheroadwayinfrontofthehorizontalplaneandverticalplanefan-shaped.Drillholelocationstomeethorizontaldistance(d)asthestandard,thickcoalseamintheboreholeoffsetmustnotexceed1.5M.A,1Mb,1.5Mc,2md,3M11,seam,prohibitioninprinciplesurveywaterpressureabove(c)MPawaterfillingfaultwater,aquiferwaterandkarsticwater.Ifneeded,youcanwaterproofwallandgatewallwithinsurveywater.A,b0.5,0.8c,1d,1.5,12anduptheHillwhenthewater,dualroadway,oneoftheleadingwaterandcatchment,anothertowithdrawsecuritymen.Doubleroomevery(b)1mexcavationcontactLane,andretainingwalls.A,10-30b,30-50c,50-70d,70-10013,down-holesurveywatershoulduseadedicated...2、钻进钻杆摇晃厉害，进尺缓慢。3、通过对钻杆取出的芯样进行判别。2.2.4混合料拌和、灌注施工时应严格按照试验室批准的配合比进行施工。CFG桩要求使用集中拌合站集中供料，搅拌车运送至现场。混合料的上料顺序为先装碎石，再加水泥、粉煤灰，最后加中粗砂，搅拌均匀。每盘料搅拌时间不小于60秒，混合料坍落度控制在160-200mm，每台班制作检查试件，进行28天标准立方体抗压强度检测，强度值须满足设计要求。混合料采用泵送。通过试桩确定每冲程的泵送量，混合料的泵送量应结合试桩确定的数量计算确定，泵送应连续进行不得停泵待料。当钻杆芯管充满混合料后开始拔管（钻杆芯管充满通过试桩时泵送冲程次数确定），严禁先提管后泵料。钻杆应静止提拔，提拔速度一般应控制在2.0-3.0m/min，施工中应严格按工艺试验确定的参数控制拔管速度和混合料泵送量，并保证连续提拔，连续供料。2.2.5清土、截除保护桩钻杆钻进取出芯土在砼强度达到设计强度后用小型挖机装到施工范围外，再装运清走，避免扰动桩间土，同时控制开挖深度，不得超挖。桩头周边土方采用人工开挖，严禁超挖，保护桩头部分截除采用截桩机切割，严禁使用挖机挖除。2.2.6质量检测当钻杆拔出地面，确认成桩符合设计要求后用麻袋覆盖，然后移机继续下一根桩施工。施工过程中，应密切关注地面隆起及桩顶浮浆情况，防止挤压造成断桩。全段施工完成，静置28天后，按照设计要求对桩身完整性、桩体强度、单桩和复合地基承载力等进行试验。2.2.7褥垫层施工2.2.7.1褥垫层在复合地基中的作用:1．保证桩、土共同承担荷载，它是CFG桩形成复合地基的重要条件。2．通过改变褥垫层厚度，调整桩垂直荷载的分担，通常褥垫层越薄桩承担的荷载占总荷载的百分比越大。3．减少基础底的应力集中。4．调整桩、土水平荷载的分担，褥垫层越厚，土分担的水平荷载占总荷载的百分比越大。2.2.7.2褥垫层施工:褥垫层材料多为粗中砂或碎石,不宜选用卵石。当基础底面桩间土含水量较大时，应进行试验确定是否采用动力夯实法，避免桩间土承载力降低。对褥垫层的压实采用小型夯实设备进行夯实，特别是桩间部分的施工。2.3施工注意事项2.3.1碎石、石屑、粉煤灰、水泥材料经严格检验，保证其材质符合设计要求。施工现场加强材料计量设备的标定工作，确保计量准确，材料准备充足。施工用水应经检验，PH值、Cl-、SO42-Examexamelements1.findouttheCentralthesisofthearticle2:identifytypesofargumentssummarizedtheargumentsofthemaincontent3.identificationofthemethodsusedinthisparagraphorsentence,anditsbenefits.4.(thisparagraph)demonstration(process)whatisit?5.tastethebenefitsoreffectsofsomewordsinasentence.6.foranarticletoaddafactorreasonableargument7.doyouagreewiththeauthor?Pleaseexplainthereasons.Argumentativeistalkingaboutasthemainexpressionofstyle.Throughfactsandreason,uselogictoshowthattheauthor"sviewsandattitudestoanissueandanalysisonsomephenomenonofinsightsandideas.Threeelementsofargumentationelements:argument1,argument:argument:authors"opinions,viewsandideas.(Right,distinct)Note:essaysgenerallyhaveonlyoneargument,somearoundthecentralargumentputforwardseveralarguments,argumentsareusedtojustifycentralargument.Findargumentofmethod:atoseearticlesoftitleIItonoteargumentinarticlesintheoflocation⑴titlereveals;bbeginningproposed;ctalkprocessinthesharpproposed;dendantibody;⑸articlesinthenoproposed,neededreadershimselfantibodynotedistinguishtopicsandargument:topicsistalkpaperbytodescribedofmaincontent,andargumentisauthoronbydescribedofcontentbymadeofclearofjudgeofsentences.2,lookingfororrefinethemethodarguments:(a),seetopic(b),start(c),end(four),middle(five),hisinductionanhonestmanisalwayssuffer?inthedarkolddaysofcorruption,honestpeoplesufferisnotsurprising,evencommonplace.However,withthedevelopmentandprogressofsociety,honestmansufferlossesnolongerbecomeacommonandnormalphenomenon.Dishonestpeoplemaybeproudofamoment,butultimatelytheexpenseofthem.AsLuXunsaidleasingwillalsodrownhisown.IllusionandlieswasuncoveredthedayliarHeYanpeople?someflattery,speculativehackwhosoonwouldbeappreciatedbyaboss,buthewouldalwaysrideit?thesayinggoes:"clevertobewise"dishonestpeopleultimatelyhavetopaythepriceforhisdishonesty.Overall,ordoinganhonestmandoesnotsuffer.Thisargumentisanhonestmandoesnotloseexam:argumentisthathowcome?Introductionofarguments:(1),straighttothecentralargumentputforward.Forexample:onthebackboneoftheproposedopeningof"weChineseareproudof"(2),askquestions,addacentralargument.Forexample:ofthethinkinganddoingfor"dreams"and"death"ofthearguments.(3)cases,accordingtotheexperienceofalifepoint(4),drawsfromthestoryproblems,arguments(5),thecentralargumentputforwardinsomeway.Forinstance,metaphor,comparingelementsofthesecond:theargumentsargument:thematerialtoprovepoint.(Authentic)1,argumenttype①facts...5 1,coalmines,mineareinchargeofthewatercontrolworkresponsibility,and(b)specificallyresponsibleforthetechnicalmanagementofwaterpreventionandcontrolwork.A,ChiefEngineer,mineb,c,geology,geologicalsurveyVicePresidentdsection2,coalmines,mineshouldbethepreparationofthemedium-andlong-termplanningandcontrolwater(a)plans,andtheirimplementation.A,yearb,quartersc,3,coalmines,mineshouldbe(a)forwatereducationandtrainingtoensureemployeeshavethenecessaryknowledgeofwatercontrol,improvingwatercontrolworkskillsandtheabilitytoresistwaterdamage.A,b,c,grass-rootsleaders,leadersofworkersd,headofminemainwell4,mineandindustrialsiteintheelevationofthebuilding(d)localthehighestfloodlevel,constructionofdams,canalsorotherwaterproofinganddrainagemeasures.A,isequaltob,nohigherthanc,higherthand,lessthan5,minemainpumpingstationshouldbeatleast(b)exits,anexitwithinclinedroadwayintothewellbore,overandabovethepumpHousefloor7m.A,1b,2c,3d,46miningareawaterChamber,theeffectivecapacityshouldbeabletohold(b)normalinflowinminingarea.A,2Hb,4Hc,6hd,8h7,shortsumpcapacityshouldbemaintainedatatotalcapacityof(b)above.A,40%b,50%c,60%d,70%8,intheyearbeforetherainyseason,shouldcompleteoverhaul(a),andallpumpsandbackuppumpswere1jointtestsandfoundtheproblemanddealwithit.A,1b,2c,3d,4-9,complexandverycomplexhydrogeologicalconditionsofmineonthegroundcouldnotbeidentifiedwhenminehydrogeologicalconditionandwaterfillingfactorsshouldbepersisted,(d)theprincipleofstrengtheningtheworkofsurveywater.A,diggingafterthefirstb,cmining,afterthefirsthadthesuspectswillfindd,excavationswillbe10,penetratingexplorationofgoafwater,karsticwateranddrillingwater,waterdrillinggrouplayout,andintheroadwayinfrontofthehorizontalplaneandverticalplanefan-shaped.Drillholelocationstomeethorizontaldistance(d)asthestandard,thickcoalseamintheboreholeoffsetmustnotexceed1.5M.A,1Mb,1.5Mc,2md,3M11,seam,prohibitioninprinciplesurveywaterpressureabove(c)MPawaterfillingfaultwater,aquiferwaterandkarsticwater.Ifneeded,youcanwaterproofwallandgatewallwithinsurveywater.A,b0.5,0.8c,1d,1.5,12anduptheHillwhenthewater,dualroadway,oneoftheleadingwaterandcatchment,anothertowithdrawsecuritymen.Doubleroomevery(b)1mexcavationcontactLane,andretainingwalls.A,10-30b,30-50c,50-70d,70-10013,down-holesurveywatershoulduseadedicated...等指标合格后才能使用。2.3.2施工前确认地下水是否具侵蚀性。如具侵蚀性，水泥应按规范采用符合要求的品种，或按规范要求添加防腐剂。2.3.3拔管速率应按试桩确定参数进行，拔管速度要均匀。2.3.4每班应检查排气阀，保证其正常工作。2.3.5冬季施工时，对混合料原材料、拌和工艺等各方面有特殊要求，应按照冬季混凝土施工要求进行。2.3.6施工中注意观察地面是否隆起，以判断是否断桩。打新桩时注意已打桩顶标高的变化，防止挤压造成断桩。3质量控制措施3.1质量控制要点3.1.1混合料必须严格按照配合比拌和，试验人员要经常对混合料进行检查，并做好现场试件。3.1.2严把材料采购、进场、使用检验关，对不合格的材料一律禁止使用。3.1.3技术人员要加强对拔管速度、灌注连续性、灌注量控制、桩长控制、拔管与泵料顺序、桩身和桩间土保护（截桩和清土时）的检查，对不符合设计和规范要求的一律要求整改，并对整改结果进行复查。3.1.4CFG桩施工时，施工员要全程跟班监督。3.2成桩常见问题3.2.1堵管1)混合料配合比不合理。当混合料中的细骨料和粉煤灰用量较少时,混合料和易性不好,常发生堵管。因此,要注意混合料的配合比,尤其要注意将粉煤灰掺量控制在70kg/m3～90kg/m3的范围内,坍落度应控制在160mm～200mm之间。2)混合料搅拌质量有缺陷。在CFG桩施工中,混合料由混凝土泵通过刚性管、高强柔性管、弯头最后到达钻杆芯管内。混合料在管线内借助水和水泥砂浆润滑层与管壁分离后通过管线。坍落度太大的混合料,易产生泌水、离析,泵压作用下,骨料与砂浆分离,摩擦力加剧,导致堵管。坍落度太小,混合料在输送管路内流动性差,也容易造成堵管。3)施工操作不当。钻孔进入土层设计标高后,开始泵送混合料,管内空气从排气阀排出,待钻杆芯管及输送软、硬管内混合料连续时开始提钻。若提钻时间较晚,在泵送压力下钻头处的水泥浆液被挤出,容易造成管路堵塞。4)冬期施工措施不当。冬期施工时,混合料输送管及弯头均需做防冻保护,防冻措施不力,常常造成输送管或弯头处混合料的冻结,造成堵管。冬季施工时,必要时应采用加热水的办法提高混合料的出机温度,但要控制好水的温度,水温不宜超过60℃,否则会造成混合料的早凝,产生堵管,影响混合料的强度。Examexamelements1.findouttheCentralthesisofthearticle2:identifytypesofargumentssummarizedtheargumentsofthemaincontent3.identificationofthemethodsusedinthisparagraphorsentence,anditsbenefits.4.(thisparagraph)demonstration(process)whatisit?5.tastethebenefitsoreffectsofsomewordsinasentence.6.foranarticletoaddafactorreasonableargument7.doyouagreewiththeauthor?Pleaseexplainthereasons.Argumentativeistalkingaboutasthemainexpressionofstyle.Throughfactsandreason,uselogictoshowthattheauthor"sviewsandattitudestoanissueandanalysisonsomephenomenonofinsightsandideas.Threeelementsofargumentationelements:argument1,argument:argument:authors"opinions,viewsandideas.(Right,distinct)Note:essaysgenerallyhaveonlyoneargument,somearoundthecentralargumentputforwardseveralarguments,argumentsareusedtojustifycentralargument.Findargumentofmethod:atoseearticlesoftitleIItonoteargumentinarticlesintheoflocation⑴titlereveals;bbeginningproposed;ctalkprocessinthesharpproposed;dendantibody;⑸articlesinthenoproposed,neededreadershimselfantibodynotedistinguishtopicsandargument:topicsistalkpaperbytodescribedofmaincontent,andargumentisauthoronbydescribedofcontentbymadeofclearofjudgeofsentences.2,lookingfororrefinethemethodarguments:(a),seetopic(b),start(c),end(four),middle(five),hisinductionanhonestmanisalwayssuffer?inthedarkolddaysofcorruption,honestpeoplesufferisnotsurprising,evencommonplace.However,withthedevelopmentandprogressofsociety,honestmansufferlossesnolongerbecomeacommonandnormalphenomenon.Dishonestpeoplemaybeproudofamoment,butultimatelytheexpenseofthem.AsLuXunsaidleasingwillalsodrownhisown.IllusionandlieswasuncoveredthedayliarHeYanpeople?someflattery,speculativehackwhosoonwouldbeappreciatedbyaboss,buthewouldalwaysrideit?thesayinggoes:"clevertobewise"dishonestpeopleultimatelyhavetopaythepriceforhisdishonesty.Overall,ordoinganhonestmandoesnotsuffer.Thisargumentisanhonestmandoesnotloseexam:argumentisthathowcome?Introductionofarguments:(1),straighttothecentralargumentputforward.Forexample:onthebackboneoftheproposedopeningof"weChineseareproudof"(2),askquestions,addacentralargument.Forexample:ofthethinkinganddoingfor"dreams"and"death"ofthearguments.(3)cases,accordingtotheexperienceofalifepoint(4),drawsfromthestoryproblems,arguments(5),thecentralargumentputforwardinsomeway.Forinstance,metaphor,comparingelementsofthesecond:theargumentsargument:thematerialtoprovepoint.(Authentic)1,argumenttype①facts...5 1,coalmines,mineareinchargeofthewatercontrolworkresponsibility,and(b)specificallyresponsibleforthetechnicalmanagementofwaterpreventionandcontrolwork.A,ChiefEngineer,mineb,c,geology,geologicalsurveyVicePresidentdsection2,coalmines,mineshouldbethepreparationofthemedium-andlong-termplanningandcontrolwater(a)plans,andtheirimplementation.A,yearb,quartersc,3,coalmines,mineshouldbe(a)forwatereducationandtrainingtoensureemployeeshavethenecessaryknowledgeofwatercontrol,improvingwatercontrolworkskillsandtheabilitytoresistwaterdamage.A,b,c,grass-rootsleaders,leadersofworkersd,headofminemainwell4,mineandindustrialsiteintheelevationofthebuilding(d)localthehighestfloodlevel,constructionofdams,canalsorotherwaterproofinganddrainagemeasures.A,isequaltob,nohigherthanc,higherthand,lessthan5,minemainpumpingstationshouldbeatleast(b)exits,anexitwithinclinedroadwayintothewellbore,overandabovethepumpHousefloor7m.A,1b,2c,3d,46miningareawaterChamber,theeffectivecapacityshouldbeabletohold(b)normalinflowinminingarea.A,2Hb,4Hc,6hd,8h7,shortsumpcapacityshouldbemaintainedatatotalcapacityof(b)above.A,40%b,50%c,60%d,70%8,intheyearbeforetherainyseason,shouldcompleteoverhaul(a),andallpumpsandbackuppumpswere1jointtestsandfoundtheproblemanddealwithit.A,1b,2c,3d,4-9,complexandverycomplexhydrogeologicalconditionsofmineonthegroundcouldnotbeidentifiedwhenminehydrogeologicalconditionandwaterfillingfactorsshouldbepersisted,(d)theprincipleofstrengtheningtheworkofsurveywater.A,diggingafterthefirstb,cmining,afterthefirsthadthesuspectswillfindd,excavationswillbe10,penetratingexplorationofgoafwater,karsticwateranddrillingwater,waterdrillinggrouplayout,andintheroadwayinfrontofthehorizontalplaneandverticalplanefan-shaped.Drillholelocationstomeethorizontaldistance(d)asthestandard,thickcoalseamintheboreholeoffsetmustnotexceed1.5M.A,1Mb,1.5Mc,2md,3M11,seam,prohibitioninprinciplesurveywaterpressureabove(c)MPawaterfillingfaultwater,aquiferwaterandkarsticwater.Ifneeded,youcanwaterproofwallandgatewallwithinsurveywater.A,b0.5,0.8c,1d,1.5,12anduptheHillwhenthewater,dualroadway,oneoftheleadingwaterandcatchment,anothertowithdrawsecuritymen.Doubleroomevery(b)1mexcavationcontactLane,andretainingwalls.A,10-30b,30-50c,50-70d,70-10013,down-holesurveywatershoulduseadedicated...5)设备缺陷。弯头曲率半径不合理也能造成堵管。弯头与钻杆不能垂直连接,应圆顺连接。混合料输送管要定期清洗,否则管路内残余的混合料结硬后,还会造成管路的堵塞。3.2.2　窜孔在饱和粉土、粉细砂层中成桩经常会遇到这种情况,打完X号桩后,在施工相邻的Y桩时,发现未结硬的X号桩的桩顶突然下落,当Y号桩泵入混合料时,X号桩的桩顶开始回升,此种现象称为窜孔。发生窜孔的条件有如下三条:1)被加固土层中有松散饱和粉土、粉细砂;2)钻杆钻进过程中叶片剪切作用对土体产生扰动;3)土体受剪切扰动能量的积累,足以使土体发生液化。施工中采取的预控措施:1)采取隔桩、隔排跳打方法;2)减少在窜孔区域的一次连续施工的桩数,减少对已打桩扰动能量的积累;3)合理提高钻头钻进速度。3.2.3接桩方法如出现零星断桩，可采用如下接桩方法：将断桩以上土方开挖，开挖直径为1.4D（D为设计桩径），将上部断桩取出，然后将桩四周加深开挖20cm，将断桩处的桩头，凿毛凿平，然后浇筑砼。如下图所示：接桩部分断桩部分断桩面10cm3.2.4　桩头空芯主要是施工过程中,排气阀不能正常工作所致。钻机钻孔时,管内充满空气,泵送混合料时,排气阀将空气排出,若排气阀堵塞不能正常将管内空气排出,就会导致桩体存气,形成空芯。为避免桩头空芯,施工中应经常检查排气阀的工作状态,发现堵塞及时清洗。3.2.5　桩端不饱满。这主要是因为施工中为了方便阀门的打开,先提钻后泵料所致。这种情况可能造成钻头上的土掉入桩孔或地下水浸入桩孔,影响CFG桩的桩端承载力。为杜绝这种情况,施工中前、后台工人应密切配合,保证提钻和泵料的一致性。3.3检验项目、数量及方法主控项目Examexamelements1.findouttheCentralthesisofthearticle2:identifytypesofargumentssummarizedtheargumentsofthemaincontent3.identificationofthemethodsusedinthisparagraphorsentence,anditsbenefits.4.(thisparagraph)demonstration(process)whatisit?5.tastethebenefitsoreffectsofsomewordsinasentence.6.foranarticletoaddafactorreasonableargument7.doyouagreewiththeauthor?Pleaseexplainthereasons.Argumentativeistalkingaboutasthemainexpressionofstyle.Throughfactsandreason,uselogictoshowthattheauthor"sviewsandattitudestoanissueandanalysisonsomephenomenonofinsightsandideas.Threeelementsofargumentationelements:argument1,argument:argument:authors"opinions,viewsandideas.(Right,distinct)Note:essaysgenerallyhaveonlyoneargument,somearoundthecentralargumentputforwardseveralarguments,argumentsareusedtojustifycentralargument.Findargumentofmethod:atoseearticlesoftitleIItonoteargumentinarticlesintheoflocation⑴titlereveals;bbeginningproposed;ctalkprocessinthesharpproposed;dendantibody;⑸articlesinthenoproposed,neededreadershimselfantibodynotedistinguishtopicsandargument:topicsistalkpaperbytodescribedofmaincontent,andargumentisauthoronbydescribedofcontentbymadeofclearofjudgeofsentences.2,lookingfororrefinethemethodarguments:(a),seetopic(b),start(c),end(four),middle(five),hisinductionanhonestmanisalwayssuffer?inthedarkolddaysofcorruption,honestpeoplesufferisnotsurprising,evencommonplace.However,withthedevelopmentandprogressofsociety,honestmansufferlossesnolongerbecomeacommonandnormalphenomenon.Dishonestpeoplemaybeproudofamoment,butultimatelytheexpenseofthem.AsLuXunsaidleasingwillalsodrownhisown.IllusionandlieswasuncoveredthedayliarHeYanpeople?someflattery,speculativehackwhosoonwouldbeappreciatedbyaboss,buthewouldalwaysrideit?thesayinggoes:"clevertobewise"dishonestpeopleultimatelyhavetopaythepriceforhisdishonesty.Overall,ordoinganhonestmandoesnotsuffer.Thisargumentisanhonestmandoesnotloseexam:argumentisthathowcome?Introductionofarguments:(1),straighttothecentralargumentputforward.Forexample:onthebackboneoftheproposedopeningof"weChineseareproudof"(2),askquestions,addacentralargument.Forexample:ofthethinkinganddoingfor"dreams"and"death"ofthearguments.(3)cases,accordingtotheexperienceofalifepoint(4),drawsfromthestoryproblems,arguments(5),thecentralargumentputforwardinsomeway.Forinstance,metaphor,comparingelementsofthesecond:theargumentsargument:thematerialtoprovepoint.(Authentic)1,argumenttype①facts...5 1,coalmines,mineareinchargeofthewatercontrolworkresponsibility,and(b)specificallyresponsibleforthetechnicalmanagementofwaterpreventionandcontrolwork.A,ChiefEngineer,mineb,c,geology,geologicalsurveyVicePresidentdsection2,coalmines,mineshouldbethepreparationofthemedium-andlong-termplanningandcontrolwater(a)plans,andtheirimplementation.A,yearb,quartersc,3,coalmines,mineshouldbe(a)forwatereducationandtrainingtoensureemployeeshavethenecessaryknowledgeofwatercontrol,improvingwatercontrolworkskillsandtheabilitytoresistwaterdamage.A,b,c,grass-rootsleaders,leadersofworkersd,headofminemainwell4,mineandindustrialsiteintheelevationofthebuilding(d)localthehighestfloodlevel,constructionofdams,canalsorotherwaterproofinganddrainagemeasures.A,isequaltob,nohigherthanc,higherthand,lessthan5,minemainpumpingstationshouldbeatleast(b)exits,anexitwithinclinedroadwayintothewellbore,overandabovethepumpHousefloor7m.A,1b,2c,3d,46miningareawaterChamber,theeffectivecapacityshouldbeabletohold(b)normalinflowinminingarea.A,2Hb,4Hc,6hd,8h7,shortsumpcapacityshouldbemaintainedatatotalcapacityof(b)above.A,40%b,50%c,60%d,70%8,intheyearbeforetherainyseason,shouldcompleteoverhaul(a),andallpumpsandbackuppumpswere1jointtestsandfoundtheproblemanddealwithit.A,1b,2c,3d,4-9,complexandverycomplexhydrogeologicalconditionsofmineonthegroundcouldnotbeidentifiedwhenminehydrogeologicalconditionandwaterfillingfactorsshouldbepersisted,(d)theprincipleofstrengtheningtheworkofsurveywater.A,diggingafterthefirstb,cmining,afterthefirsthadthesuspectswillfindd,excavationswillbe10,penetratingexplorationofgoafwater,karsticwateranddrillingwater,waterdrillinggrouplayout,andintheroadwayinfrontofthehorizontalplaneandverticalplanefan-shaped.Drillholelocationstomeethorizontaldistance(d)asthestandard,thickcoalseamintheboreholeoffsetmustnotexceed1.5M.A,1Mb,1.5Mc,2md,3M11,seam,prohibitioninprinciplesurveywaterpressureabove(c)MPawaterfillingfaultwater,aquiferwaterandkarsticwater.Ifneeded,youcanwaterproofwallandgatewallwithinsurveywater.A,b0.5,0.8c,1d,1.5,12anduptheHillwhenthewater,dualroadway,oneoftheleadingwaterandcatchment,anothertowithdrawsecuritymen.Doubleroomevery(b)1mexcavationcontactLane,andretainingwalls.A,10-30b,30-50c,50-70d,70-10013,down-holesurveywatershoulduseadedicated...序号检验项目合格标准施工单位检验数量检验方法1水泥和粗细骨料品种、规格及质量满足设计要求每批抽样检验1组质量证明文件及抽样试验2混合料坍落度符合工艺试验确定每台班抽样检验3次现场坍落度试验3混合料强度符合设计要求每台班做1组试件28d标准养护抗压强度试验4施工数量、布桩形式满足设计要求全部检验观察、现场尺量5每根桩的投料量不少于设计灌注量每根桩现场计量6桩的有效长度满足设计要求每根桩测量钻杆或沉管长度7桩身质量、完整性满足设计要求总数的10%低应变检测8单桩和复合地基承载力满足设计要求总数的2‰，且每检验批不少于3根平板荷载试验9压缩模量、变形模量满足设计要求同单桩和复合地基承载力平板荷载试验一般项目序号检验项目合格偏差施工单位检验数量检验方法1桩位（纵横向）50mm成桩总数的10%抽样检验，且每检验批不少于5根经纬仪或钢尺2桩身垂直度1%经纬仪或吊线3桩体有效直径不小于设计值开挖50-100cm后，钢尺丈量每台CFG桩施工班组的第一批桩自检数量不少于该批CFG桩总数的20%且不少于40根。4结束语通过部分桩的施工，经检测按此工艺完成的桩体完整性较好，施工质量和进度都能得到很好的控制。现已成桩2300根，每天施工1300延米，经有关部门检测，强度和复合地基承载力完全满足设计要求。参考文献CFG桩复合地基处理天津地区软土地基实例唐建中.潘宏.2003/02中国建筑科学研究院.深圳市半岛建设监理有限公司北京.深圳CFG桩复合地基的检测分析应用张延军.陈勇.张长城.四川省建筑设计院勘察分院,四川省建筑设计院勘察分院成都,成都素土挤密桩与CFG桩相结合复合地基的设计与应用史宏伟,李瑞吉,刘昌永Examexamelements1.findouttheCentralthesisofthearticle2:identifytypesofargumentssummarizedtheargumentsofthemaincontent3.identificationofthemethodsusedinthisparagraphorsentence,anditsbenefits.4.(thisparagraph)demonstration(process)whatisit?5.tastethebenefitsoreffectsofsomewordsinasentence.6.foranarticletoaddafactorreasonableargument7.doyouagreewiththeauthor?Pleaseexplainthereasons.Argumentativeistalkingaboutasthemainexpressionofstyle.Throughfactsandreason,uselogictoshowthattheauthor"sviewsandattitudestoanissueandanalysisonsomephenomenonofinsightsandideas.Threeelementsofargumentationelements:argument1,argument:argument:authors"opinions,viewsandideas.(Right,distinct)Note:essaysgenerallyhaveonlyoneargument,somearoundthecentralargumentputforwardseveralarguments,argumentsareusedtojustifycentralargument.Findargumentofmethod:atoseearticlesoftitleIItonoteargumentinarticlesintheoflocation⑴titlereveals;bbeginningproposed;ctalkprocessinthesharpproposed;dendantibody;⑸articlesinthenoproposed,neededreadershimselfantibodynotedistinguishtopicsandargument:topicsistalkpaperbytodescribedofmaincontent,andargumentisauthoronbydescribedofcontentbymadeofclearofjudgeofsentences.2,lookingfororrefinethemethodarguments:(a),seetopic(b),start(c),end(four),middle(five),hisinductionanhonestmanisalwayssuffer?inthedarkolddaysofcorruption,honestpeoplesufferisnotsurprising,evencommonplace.However,withthedevelopmentandprogressofsociety,honestmansufferlossesnolongerbecomeacommonandnormalphenomenon.Dishonestpeoplemaybeproudofamoment,butultimatelytheexpenseofthem.AsLuXunsaidleasingwillalsodrownhisown.IllusionandlieswasuncoveredthedayliarHeYanpeople?someflattery,speculativehackwhosoonwouldbeappreciatedbyaboss,buthewouldalwaysrideit?thesayinggoes:"clevertobewise"dishonestpeopleultimatelyhavetopaythepriceforhisdishonesty.Overall,ordoinganhonestmandoesnotsuffer.Thisargumentisanhonestmandoesnotloseexam:argumentisthathowcome?Introductionofarguments:(1),straighttothecentralargumentputforward.Forexample:onthebackboneoftheproposedopeningof"weChineseareproudof"(2),askquestions,addacentralargument.Forexample:ofthethinkinganddoingfor"dreams"and"death"ofthearguments.(3)cases,accordingtotheexperienceofalifepoint(4),drawsfromthestoryproblems,arguments(5),thecentralargumentputforwardinsomeway.Forinstance,metaphor,comparingelementsofthesecond:theargumentsargument:thematerialtoprovepoint.(Authentic)1,argumenttype①facts...5'