21民用建筑设计防火规范

21民用建筑设计防火规范Siteandarchitecturaldesign(leveltwo)lectureclasstwenty-firstlecturecourseware(Globalvocationaleducationonline)Siteandarchitecturaldesign(leveltwo)lectureclasstwenty-firstLectureNotesGenerallayout(Continued)(three)othergeneralrulesandregulations;1,crowdedpublicplaces,outdoorevacuationlanewidthshouldnotbelessthan3m.2,thetopofthebottomofthemainbodyhasatleastonelongsideor1/4circumferenceshouldnotbearrangedabovethehighabove5m,4mdeepandthepodium,thisrangemustbearrangedthroughoutdoorstairsorthroughthestairwellexit・3,inordertofacilitatefireenginesfromthecityroadintotheblockoffireoperations,alongthestreetconstructionshouldnotbetoolong,inordertoensurethatthefirelanespacingisnotgreaterthan160m・Whenthelengthofthepartofthebuildingalongthestreetisgreaterthan150morthetotallengthisgreaterthan220m,Firepassagethroughthebottomofthebuildingshouldbeset・Inaddition,apedestrianwalkwaywithaspacingofnomorethan80mshouldbeprovidedatthebottomofthebuildingsoastofacilitateemergencyevacuationofthepeopleintheblock. 4.thereshouldbeanannularfirelanearoundthehigh-risebuilding;ifthereisanydifficulty,afirelanecanbesetupalongthetwolongsideofthehigh-risebuildingBuildinglayoutFive.Buildinglayout(a)inthechildren，sroomandchildrenamusementhallchildrenactivitiesplacesshouldnotbelocatedin4layerand4layeraboveorunderground,semiundergroundbuilding・(two)publicentertainmentplacesshouldbelocatedinthefirstandtwoorthreelayers,andshouldrelyonthewalllayout,shouldnotbearrangedatbothsidesoftheaisleandafarend;whenontheground,shouldnotbeonthetwofloorundergroundandbelow,andthegroundfloorentranceandoutdoorheightshouldnotexceed10m,aroomconstructionareashouldnotexceed200m2,andautomaticalarm,fireextinguishingsystemandsmokepreventionandexhaustfacilities.(three)inthehigh-risebuildingtheauditorium,conferencehall,multi-functionhallandothercrowdedplacesshouldbelocatedintheoneortwoandthreelayer;whentheotherfloorsmustbelocatedinaroom,theconstructionareaofnotmorethan400m2,thesafetyexitshouldnotbelessthantwo,curtain,curtainshouldbyflameretardantfabricitmustbeset,automaticalarmandfireextinguishingsystem・(four)undergroundshopsshouldnotbesetupinthethreefloorundergroundandbelow,andshouldnotruntheriskoffiresandstorageofaandBstoresattributesofgoods,shouldsmokepreventionandexhaustfacilities;whenthe undergroundstoresatotalconstructionareaofmorethan20000m2,shouldadoptthefirewall,andfirewallshouldnotopenthedoorsandwindows・(five)thefirecontrolroomshouldbelocatedinthefirstfloororbasement,andthefireresistancelimitofnotlessthan2Hand1.5hfloorwallandotherpartsshouldbeseparated,andadjacentthroughasafeentranceontheground;thefirecontrolroomcanbesetinthedutyroom,powerdistributionroomandotherrooms・(six)whenthefuel,gasboilerroomoroilimmersedtransformerroomisarrangedinthehigh-risebuilding,Thetotalamountofevaporationoftheboilershouldnotexceed6T,andasingleboilerevaporationamountshouldnotexceed2T,thetotalcapacityofthetransformershouldnotexceed1260kVA,asinglevolumeshouldnotexceed630kVA;suchfacilitiesshouldnotbecrowdedplacesadjacenttoeachother,andthefireresistancelimitofnotlessthan2Hand1.5hfloorwallandotherpartsseparatedbyafiredoorsonthewallofthedoor;boilerroom,transformerroomshallbelocatedonthefirstfloororbasementexteriorwallonsite,andshouldsetupadirectexternalexit:abovetheopeningpartofthewall,shouldsetfirecanopywidthnotlessthanlm;thetransformershouldbesetupundertheaccidentstoragefacilities,oilcircuittheequipmentroomshouldbesettopreventoilflowfacilities;shouldsetthealarmsystemshouldbesetup;oilimmersedpowertransformersandotherelectricalequipmentinoilimmersedairdefenseproject・(seven)Thedieselgeneratorroomcanbearrangedinthehigh-risebuilding thefirstfloororbasement,buttheapplicationoffireresistanceofnotlessthan2Hand1.5hfloorwallandotherpartsseparated,andautomaticalarm,fireextinguishingsystem;theoilshouldbeusedbetweenthefirewallandthegeneratorroomisseparated,andsetitselfoffthefirstclassfiredoor,totaltheoilshouldnotexceed8hrequirement;thedieselgeneratorroom,airdefenseprojectsindirectfiredboilerroomandstorageroomandtheirsupportingroom,pumproom,fanroomshouldbeindependentofthepartitionoffireproof.(eight)undergroundcivilairdefenseprojectsisstrictlyforbiddeninthestorageofliquefiedpetroleumgascylinders,andshallnotuseliquefiedpetroleumgasandflashpointlessthan600Cliquidasfuelandotherelectricalequipmentshallbesetup;oilimmersedinoilimmersedpowertransformers:dieselgeneratorroom,directcombustionroomandboilerroomandtheselfsupportingoilstorageroom,pumproom,fanroometc.shouldbeindependentofthepartitionoffireproof,andshouldrelyontheoutsideofthesitelayoutofcivilairdefenceworksinthebasement,theamountofoilstorageshouldnotneedbetweenmorethanlm3or8h;thefirecontrolroom,firepumproom,smokeroom,fireextinguishingagentstoragebottleroom,powerdistributionroom,communicationsroom,ventilationandairconditioning,combustibleforvolumeaverageofmorethan30kg/m2fireloaddensityroom,shouldusethefireresistancelimitofnotlessthan2hofthewallsandfloorandotherpartsseparated;partitionwalldoorshouldbeusednormallyclosedGradeafiredoor・(nine)shops,workshopsandstorageroomswherenochemical,f1 aminab1eorexplosivesubstancesarestored,storedandusedincivilbuildingsarestrictlyprohibited・(ten)fireseparationshouldbemadebetweenthelowercommercialnetworkandtheresidentialbuilding,andthesafetyexitmustbeseparatedfromtheresidentialpart・(eleven)whentheairdefenseworksaresetupbytheconditionthatthenumberandthelocationofthesafetyexitarerestrictedbytheoutdoorcondition,theevacuationcorridorcanbeprovided.Theevacuationwalkwayisequippedwithsmokeprotectionfacilities,whichisusedforthesafepassageofpeopletotheoutdoorexit,andtheevacuationexitleadingtotheevacuationcorridorcanberegardedasasafetyexit・Settingrequirementsforevacuationwalkway:1.firezonesshouldnotbeclassified・2.theexitoftheevacuationcorridortothegroundshallnotbelessthantwo,andindifferentdirections・ThreeAsylumaisle2460ofnotlessthandesignedtoaccommodateanumberoffiremostdivisiontotheasylumaisleandthesmallest2460exit.4.,decorationmaterialsmustgradeA,thatis,noncombustiblematerials・ 5.,smokepreventionshouldbeconsidered,firehydrant,fireemergencylighting,emergencyradioandfirelinetelephoneshouldbeconsidered・(twelve)garagesshouldnotbebuiltincombinationwithnurseries,kindergartensandnursinghomes:whenthewardsandgaragesarecompletelyfireproof,thegaragecanbesetupinthebasementofthewardbuilding・Noparkingspaces,paintingrooms,chargingrooms,acetylenestoragerooms,andastorageroomforBandBshouldbeinstalledintheundergroundparkinggarage・GaragesnA4potherbuildingsmustbeseparatedbyfirewalls・(thirteen)inadditiontoopenandinclinedfloorplateofmulti-layer,high-riseandundergroundgarage,thecaroffonbothsidesoftherampapplicationfirewallandparkingarea,therampentranceshouldbeseparatedbywatercurtain,fireshutterorsetafiredoorsandothermeasuresandparkingarea.Thisisnotallowedwhenautomaticfirefightingsystemsareinstalledonthegarageandontheramp・(fourteen)abovetheexteriordoorsandwindows,thegarageshouldbesetfirecanopy.Theheightoftheupperandlowerwindowwallsshallnotbelessthan1.2m.safeevacuationSix.Safeevacuation(I)thenumberofsafetyexits;1.thenumberofexitsforeachbuilding,eachfireprevention zone,onefloor,onelargeroom,andsong,dance,entertainment,projectionandentertainmentvenuesshallnotbelessthan2.2.,theconstructionofsmallersize,fewerusers,youcanonlysetoneexceptiontothesafetyofexports:(1)aroomwithanareaofnotmorethan60m2andanumberofnomorethan50personsmaybeprovidedwithadoor・Attheendoftheaisleroom(exceptin):nonhigh-risebuildings,fromthefarthestpointtothestraightlinedistancefromthedoordoesnotexceed14m,andthenumberofnotmorethan80people,thehigh-risebuilding,theareaislessthan75n/;outerdoorcanonlysetawidthofnotlessthan1.4m.(2)thefloorareaofentertainment,entertainment,projectionandentertainmentisnomorethan50m2;theroomareaofbasementandsemibasementisnotmorethan50m2,andthenumberofpeoplewhostayfrequentlyisnotmorethan10;adoorcanbesetup.(3)twoorthreestoreybuilding(exceptinmedicalgradeoneortwo)refractory,eachfloorareaofnotmorethan500m2,thetwoorthreelayerandthenumberofnomorethan100people,withastaircase・(4)residentidltower:9leveldndbelow,eachfloorareaofnotmorethan500m2,cansetupastaircase;10to18layers,eachlayerisnotmorethan8households,theconstructionareaofnotmorethan650m2,andisprovidedwithasmokeproofstaircaseandfireelevator,cansetupasafeexit・(5)nonhigh-riseapartmentstyledormitory,eachfloorareaisnot morethan300m2,thenumberofnotmorethan30people,youcansetupastaircase・(1)apartmenthousesusuallyhaveonlyonestaircaseandexit・Butwhenmorethan6floors,thestairsofeachunitshouldleadtotheflatroof,andfromthetenthfloor,eachflooradjacentunitsshouldbeconnectedtothebalconyorgallery.7to9storiesofapartmentbuildings,suchasdoorfiredoors,arenotaccessibletotheroof.(2)whenafiredoorisarrangedonthefirewallbetweentwoadjacentfirepreventionzones,eachofthetwofirepreventionzonescanbeprovidedwithasafetyexit,andthefiredoorwhichleadstotheadjacentfirepreventionzoneisusedasthesecondsafetyexit・Inhigh-risebuildings,thisprovisionappliesonlyiftheareaofthetwofirepartitionsislessthanonefirezone,allowing1.4timesthemaximumarea・1.exitsshouldnotbelessthan2inauditorium・Thetheatreandcinemaauditoriumauditoriumeachexittheaveragenumberofevacuationshouldnotexceed250people,toaccommodatemorethan2000people,morethan2000people,theaveragenumberofeachexitevacuationshouldnotexceed400people・Theaverageevacuationnumberofeachexitshouldbenomorethan400-700peopleinthegymnasiumauditorium・Thesizeshouldbeclosetothelowerlimitwhenthescaleissmall,andthevalueshouldbeclosetotheupperlimitwhenthescaleislarge・2.undergroundandsemibasementwithanareaofnotmorethan500m2,whenthenumberofpeopleisnotmorethan30,theverticalmetalladdercanbeusedasthesecondexit・Multiplefirepartitionsmay beusedasthesecondexitofthefiredoorleadingtotheadjacentpartitiononthefirewall,buteachfirezonemusthaveastraightexitsafetyexit・1.airdefensebasement,eachfirezone,safetyexitshouldnotbelessthan2.Theconstructionareaofnotmorethan500m2,andtheindoorfloorandoutdoorentranceelevationlessthanlOrn,morethan10firedistrictdoesnotaccommodatethenumberofpeople,whenastraightshaftmetalladderground,canonly-setasafeexitorafirezoneadjacenttothefiredoor.Theconstructionareaofnotmorethan200m2,andoftenstaynotmorethan3thenumberoffirecompartment,canonlysetafiretotheadjacentfiredoors:firedistrictrenovationproject,canbesetatleasttwoadjacenttofirefiredoors,butshouldbesetupindifferentdirections,andtheadjacentfiresafetyexitthesettingmustconformtothestandard・Constructionareaisnotmorethan50m2,thenumberofregularstayisnotmorethan15people,youcanonlysetupanevacuationexit・2.fireexitsineachfirezoneorfiredoorsleadingtoadjacentfirezonesshouldbescatteredindifferentdirections,subjecttoconditionrestrictionsbutonlyinthesamedirection.Thetwoexitsshallnotbelessthan5m.3.everyhigh-risebuildingshouldhavenofewerthan2staircasesleadingtotheroof,andshouldnotpassthroughotherrooms・Thedoorsshouldbeopenedtotheroof・4.thegarageexitshouldbesetseparatelyfromthevehicleexit・Eachfiredistrictpersonnelsafetyexitofnotlessthan2,butthenumberofthesametimenotmorethan25peopleandclassIVcanbesetonlyacar. 1.carexitnotlessthan2,buttheclassIVsteamgarage,twolanesetonthegarageandathirdclassoftwolaneandparkingnumberlessthan100carsundergroundcarcanbeset1.Thedistancebetweenthetwocarsshallnotbelessthan10m,andbeseparatedbyfirewallwhenitisadjacenttothesetting・2.parkingmorethan50parkinglots,carexitshouldnotbelessthan2.(two)safeevacuationdistance;1.nonhigh-risebuildings(gradeoneortwofireproof,closedstaircase)(1):25mintwo-wayevacuation,medicalschool,35m,other40m.(2):deadendchildcare,medical20m.School,other22m・(3)openverandaincrease5m,setupautomaticsprayplus25%・(4)nonclosedstaircases,two-wayevacuationby5m,awalkwayminus2ni.(5)thebottomofthestairsshouldbedirectlyexported・Whenthenumberofpliesisnotmorethan4layers,theexitshallbearrangedatnomorethan15mfromthestairwell.(6)inanycase,theroomtothedoorofthefarthestpointdistanceprovisionsshouldnotexceedthemaximumdeadendevacuationdistance,namely20~22m・ (1)theundergroundgarageevacuationdistanceisnotmorethan45m,theautomaticsprinklerisnotmorethan60m;thebottomgarageevacuationdistanceisnotmorethan60m・2,high-riseandundergroundbu订dings(1)two-wayevacuation:hospitalward,part24m,teachingbuilding,hotel,exhibitionbuilding,otherpartsofhospital,30m,other40m.(2):deadendwardpart12M,teachingbuilding,hotel,exhibitionbuilding,hospitalandotherpartsof15m,other20m.(3)theconcentrationofpersonnelontheground(audieneehall,exhibitionhall,multi-functionhall,dininghall,businesshall,readingroom,etc・)，thedistancefromtheinnerpointtothenearestevacuationshouldbenomorethan30m;otherroomsshouldnotexceed15m.(three)evacuationwidth;1,thetotalwidthofallkindsofcivilbuildingsbottomdoorsandstairs,walkwaysevacuationshouldbeevacuatedinthespecifiedwidthindexcalculation.Accordingtothecalculationoftotalnumberofstairsoneachfloorbottomdoorwide,accordingtothemaximumnumberoftotallayerwidth・Theminimumwidthoftheevacuationwalkwayandstaircaseshallnotbelessthan1.Im,andtheminimumwidthoftheevacuationstaircaseprovidedwithrailingsintheresidentialbuildingofnomorethan6floorsshallbe1.Oni. 1.crowdedplacestheaudiencehallaislewidthbybythenumberof0.6m/per100people,theminimumwidthoflm,sideoftheaislenotlessthan0.8m.Thereshouldbenothresholdfortheevacuationdooroftheauditorium・Thewidthshouldnotbelessthan1.4m,andthereshouldbenostepsneartheentrance1.4m.Thedoormustbeopened.Evacuationwidth3.high-risebuilding,every100peopleisnotlessthanlm,thebottomdooraccordingtothenumberofmaximumlevelmeter・Theminimumwidthofthedoor:residential1.Im,1.3mhospital,1.2m.Theminimumwidthoftheaisle:singleaisledoorsthan0.IM,doubleaisledoorsthan0.2m.4.evacuationwidthrequirementsofcivilairdefenseworks:(1)thetotalwidthofthesafetyexitofeachfirezoneshallbedeterminedbythedesignofthefirecompartment,thetotalnumberofpassengersmultipliedbytheevacuationwidthindex・Thebasementdepthislessthan10m,every100peopleisnotlessthan0.75m;thedepthismorethanlOrn,every100peopleisnotlessthanLM;andtheaveragenumberofeachexitevacuationshouldbelessthan250;reconstructionprojectcannotsub350people,butshouldbearrangedindifferentdirections・(2)theexitdoors,stairs,walkways,minimumclearancerequirements: Doorsandstairways,generallm,hospital1.3m,personnelconcentration,1.4m.Aislesidelayout,general1.2m,hospital1.4m,personnelconcentrationat1.5m;doublesidedlayout,general1.4m,hospital1.5m,staffconcentrationat1.6m,hotelandrestaurantcan1.3m.(2)undergroundstreetfirecompartmentsevacuationcorridorsshouldbemultipliedbythenumberofminimumwidthofevacuationwidthindexcalculation,orlessthantwolargerminimumwidthofevacuationandthe・Betweenthetwoadjacentexitevacuationcorridorsthroughthenumbershouldbebetweenthetwoevacuationportcapacity;deadendbythenumbershouldbedesignedtoaccommodatethenumberbetweenthepassageandtheendoftheadjacentexit・Evacuationwidthindex:burieddepthisnotgreaterthan10m,foreachhundred0.75m;burieddepthisgreaterthanlOrn,foreachhundred1.Om.ThenumberofevacueesinundergTOundshopsmaybecalculatedbymultiplyingtheuseareaofeachfloorofthebusinesshallandthecustomerservicespaceandmultiplyingbythepersonneldensityindex.Personneldensityindex:undergroundone,0.85/m2;undergroundtwo,0.8/m2.(3)theauditoriumwithfixedseatingrequirementsisthesameasthegeneralauditorium.