20民用建筑设计防火规范（20codeforfireprotectiondesignofcivilbuildings）

20民用建筑设计防火规范(20codeforfireprotectiondesignofcivilbuildings)Siteandarchitecturaldcsign(leveltwo)lectureclasstwenticthlecturecourseware(Globalvocationaleducationonline)Siteandarchitecturaldesign(leveltwo)lectureclasstwentiethLectureNotesEstablishapplicablespecificationsaccordingtothetypeandcharacteristicsofthebuildingThischapterwillingeneralcivilbuildings,high-risebuiIdings,basementandgaragedesignfireproblemsofgeneraldiscussion,inordertounderstandandgraspthesystemoflawsandregulations,forflexibleapplicationinthepracticalcnginccringdesign・First,accordingtothetypeandcharacteristicsofthebuildingtodetermineapplicablespecifications(a)definitionofhigh-riseandnonresidentialhigh-rise,builtonthebasisofbuildingthebasislayer,themaincornicetooutdoorgroundheight・The1.9storeyandbelow9storeyhousesandmulti-storeypublicbuildingsoflessthan24marenonhigh-risebuildings・Note:singlcstorypublicbuildingsofgreaterthan24marcnonhigh-risebuildings・2.10andmorethan10storeysofresidentialbuildingsandmorethan24mmulti-storeypublicbuildingsbelongingtohigh-risebuildings. (two)definitionoffirepreventioncategoryofhigh-risebuilding1.,aclassofhigh-risebuildingsrefersto:(1)seniorhousing,and19and19storeysofordinaryresidential;(2)importantpublicbuildingsincludehospitals,high-levelhotels,booksandstacksofmorethan1millionbooks,aswe11asimportantoffices,scientificresearchandarchives;(3)radioandtelevisionbuildings,powerdispatchingbuildings,postalbuildings,disasterpreventioncommandandcontrolbuildingsabovetheprovinciallevel(includingplannedcities);(4)generalpublicbuildingwithaheightexceeding50m;(5)eachfloorareaofmorethan1000m2ofcommercialbuildings,exhibitionbuilding,building,building,buildingfinanceandfinancialtelecommunications;(6)commercialandresidentialbuildingswithanareaofmorethan1500m2perfloor・2,ahigh-risebuildingotherthanhigh-risebuildingsbelongtothetwokindofhigh-risebuilding.3.,advanced,importantreferstotheconstructionofhighstandards,thenatureofthefire,theimpactoflarge,expensiveequipment,flammabledecoration,air-conditionedbuildings・(three)thebuildingsusedbypeoplewhoarenotinaction,suchas children,theelderly,thedisabledandthepatients,havehigherrequirementsforfireevacuation.(four)crowdedpublicplaces,suchastheaters,auditoriums,stadiums,schools,shops,officebuildingsandbuildingsintheauditorium,conferencehall,multi-functionhall,businesshall,waitingroom(ship),publicentertainmentplacesshouldpayspecialattentiontosafetyevacuation・Thereisnocalibrationusethenumberofbuildingsshouldbeaccordingtotheconstructionareacalculationofthenumberofevacuation,videohall,auditorium1/m2,otherpublicentertainmentplaces0.5/m2(ship);waitingroomandtheshopsareroughlythesame,accordingtothe0.85/m2calculation.(five)duetothesmallnumberofstayatthesametime,thefireareaandevacuationrequirementsareeasedslightly.Inaddition,thecarcanbedividedintoI,II,IIIandIVaccordingtothenumberofstops,Differentfireprotectiondesignstandardsshallbecarriedoutseparately.Iclass,300ClassII151—300vehiclesClassIII51-150ClassIV50(six)thedefinitionofbuildingunderground,semiundergroundroom,accordingtothefloorsurfaceislowerthantheheightoftheoutdoorterraceandroomheightratioofmorethan1/3butnotmorethan1 /2ishalfbasement;morethan1/2forthebasement・Basementandsemibasementfireprotectionrequirementsarebasicallythesame・Firefightingandevacuationofundergroundandsemiundergroundbuildingsaremuchmoredifficultthanthoseontheground,sofireprotectiondesignstandardsaremuchhigher・ThedepthofthebasementhasdifferentdesignstandardsbelowlOrnandbelowtheoutdoorground・FireresistanceratingofbuildingsTwo.Buildingfirerating(1)thefireresistanceratingofbuildingsisdividedinto4gradesaccordingtotheircombustionperformanceandfireresistancelimit・Thefireratingofthenewpermanentbuildingshouldnotbelowerthantwo,soitisnecessarytomasterthefirepreventionregulationsoftheoneortwogradefireresistantcivilbuilding・(two)oneortwograderefractorybuildingcomponents,exceptfortwogradeceiling,canbemadeofnonflammablematerial,andtherestshallbenoncombustible・(three)thefireresistancelimitofsteelisonly0.25h,andfireprotectionlayer(exceptsuspendedceiling)mustbeaddedtotheoneortwogradebuilding・(four)thefireresistanceofreinforcedconcretestructuralmembersdependsonthethicknessoftheprotectivelayer・Theprestressedreinforcedconcretememberfireresistanceisonlyabout1/2oftheordinaryreinforcedconcretemember,inarefractoryconstructionshouldpayattentiontoincreasethethicknessofprotectivelayer・Allkindsofmasonrywallsandconcretewallfireperformanceisverygood,canbeusedasafirewall;thefireresistancelimitbearingmasonrythannonbearingmasonryisgreatlyreduced・ (five)thegradeoffireresistanceofaclassoftallbuildingsandundergroundbuildingsshallbeonegrade,andotherbuildingsmaybeoftwogrades・Firearea,smokeareaandbuildinglengthThree・Firearea,smokeareaandbuildinglength(a)inadditiontotheatre,gymnasium,exhibitionbuildingauditorium,exhibitionhalllengthandareacanbeidentifiedaccordingtotheneedsofthegeneralnonhigh-risebuildings(includingafirebarrierbetweenthegarageandthepodiummulti-storeyhigh-risebuildingsandthemainbody)afirezoneofmaximumallowableconstructionareaof2500m2,thelengthofnotmorethan150m.(two)themaximumallowableconstructionareaofafirezoneinahigh-risebuildingis1000m2・(three)themaximumallowableconstructionareaofafirepreventionzoneforthetwotypesofhigh-risebuildingsis1500m2.(four)themaximumallowableconstructionareaofafirepreventionzoneforbasementandcivilairdefenseworksis500m2;thefireprotectionareaofcivilairdefenseworksshouldbedividedintothegradeafiredoororthegatewithintheentranceandexit・(five)themaximumallowablefloorareaofafirecompartmentforundergroundorhigh-risegaragesis2000m2・(six)themaximumallowableconstructionareacanbedoubledwhenequippedwithautomaticfireextinguishingequipmentinalltypesof buildingsWhentheutilitymodelisarranged,theaddedareacanbecalculatedasonetimesofthelocalarea;thefireproofpartitionshouldbeseparatedbyafirewall;ifthereisanydifficulty,thefirepreventionrollingcurtainandthewatercurtaincanbeseparated.(seven)thehigh-risebuildinginthebusinesshall,exhibitionhall,whenequippedwithautomaticalarmandfireextinguishingsystem,andadecorationdecorationmaterials,onthepartoffiredistricttoallowmaximumareafortheconstructionoftheundergroundpartis2000m24000m2.(eight)themaximumbuildingareaofthefirecompartmentintheundergroundauditoriumshallnotbegreaterthan1000m2,andshallnotbeincreasedwhenthefireisautomatic・(nine)thecivilairdefenseengineeringinwaterpumproom,sewagepumpingstations,reservoirs,toilet,bathroomandothernoncombustibleiceskatinghallroomandswimmingpool,swimmingpool,shootinghalltargetRoadDistrict,bowlingalley,fairway,theareaisnotincludedinthefirezonearea・(ten)whenthelowerconnectivitybetweenfloors(suchasonthecorridor,theescalatoropening)shouldbeusedasafireproofpartitioncalculation.Nomatterwhetherthehigh-risebuildingatrium,iftheroom,aisleandatriumcommunicatedwiththeopeningpartisprovidedwithselfclosingmillionclassfiredoororcurtain;fireshutterandatriumwithhallandchannelsarearrangedattheBfiredoorsorrefractorylimitgreater than3Hineachlayerseparated;courtcorridorswithautomaticfirealarmsystemandautomaticsprinkiersystem;andtheclosedroofwithautomaticexhaustfacilities,whicharenotaffectedbythisrestriction.(eleven)theskirtpartofhigh-risebuildingsandhigh-riseifthemainbodyportionisprovidedwithreliablefirecompartment,thecompartmentareacanbethesamewithnonhigh-risebuildingstandards・(twelve)theneedforexhaustfacilitiesandcleanroomaislelessthan6mshouldbeusedtopartitionbearnhangingwall,partitionornotlessthan0.5mundertheroofprotrudingfromthesmokezone・Theconstructionareaofeachsmokepreventionzoneshouldnotexceed500m2,andthesmokepreventionareashouldnotcrossthefirepreventionzone・GenerallayoutFour,generallayout(I)firespacing1.,fireratingofoneortwocivilianbuildingsingeneralbetweenthefirespacingshouldnotbelessthan6m,andthreeorfourgradesoffiregradebuildingfirespaceswere7mand9m.Betweenthe2.high-risebuildingshouldnotbelessthan13m,betweenthebodyandtheskirtshouldnotbelessthan9m,betweenthepodiumandthepodiumshouldnotbelessthan6m.3.twobuildingsadjacenttothehighersideislowerthantheadjacentfirewallorahighbuildingroofandbelow15mwithinthescopeofthe wallisnotopenthedoorsandwindowsofthefirewall,thefirespacingisnotrestricted;thelowersideofthefirewall,theroofbearingcomponentoffireresistancelimitofnotlessthanlhandnoroof,firespacingshouldnotbelessthan3.5m,forhigh-risebuildingisnotlessthan4m.FourAgroupof6storeyhousesbelowthefloor,withatotalareaofnotmorethan2500m2,thebuildingspacingwithinthegroupisnotlessthan4m.5.,betweenoneortwogarage,garageandoneortwocivilfirebetweenthebuildingspacingshouldnotbelessthanlOrn.6.parkinglotsshouldbeparkedingroups,andthenumberofparkingineachgroupshallnotexceed50.Thefirespacingbetweengroupsshouldnotbelessthan6m.(two)firelane;1.blocksshouldbeconsideredfiretrucktraffic,theroadspacingisnotgreaterthan160m・Buildingsalongthestreetlengthgreaterthan150mortotallengthgreaterthan220m,thebottomshouldbesetthroughthebuildingfirelane・2.firelanedoorholewidthnotlessthan4mx4m,gatestackspacingofnotlessthan3.5m.3.ofthebuildingsconnectedthesidewalkspacenomorethan80m(canbestaircase)・ 1.,morethan3000blocksofthestadium,morethan2000blocksofthehall,coveringmorethan3000m2oftheexhibitionhall,etc・,shouldbeequippedwithringfirelane・2.whenthecourtclosedtheshortsidemorethan24mshouldbesetintothehospitalfirelane・3.thereshouldbeanannularfirelanearoundthehighbuilding,andatleasttwolongsideswhenitisdifficult・Firelaneontheconstructionsideshouldnotbearrangedtopreventclimbingfirevehiclesoperatinggreen,overheadpipelines・4.generalfirelanewidthshouldnotbelessthan3.5m,abovetheheightofnotlessthan4m;thefirelanewidthofhigh-risebuildingsshouldnotbelessthan4m,abovetheheightofnotlessthan4m,theexteriormarginofhigh-risebuildinglaneshouldbegreaterthan5m.8.,theringfirelaneandotherlanesofcommunicationnotlessthan2,theendofthefirelaneshouldbesetupareturnfield,generalShouldnotbelessthan15mxl5m,largefireenginesneed18mX18m.Firelanescantakeadvantageoftrafficroads・9,firewaterforfireenginesandfirepoolsshouldbeprovidedwithfirelanes.