某工程管廊钢结构施工方案

'目录一、编制依据REFERENCE41．1编制说明Intro41．2编制依据Reference4二、工程概况GENERALINFO6三、人员、机具安排MOBILIZATIONOFEQUIPMENTSANDMANPOWER73．1项目组织机构图SiteOrganizationStructureChart73．2作业人员配备情况一览表laborconfigurationtable83．3机具配备情况一览表equipmentconfigurationschedule8四、施工方案CONSTRUCTIONPLAN94．1安装总体思路GeneralIdeaoftheConstructionJob94．2工艺流程图WorkFlow104．3施工准备114.4钢结构拼装S.Sassembling144．5结构吊装erectionofstructure24五、高强螺栓施工艺HSBTECHNIQUE405．1一般规定Generalrequirement405．2安装前的检查工作inspectionworkbeforeinstallation425．3质量标准Qualitystandard515．4应注意的质量问题Qualityissueswithattentionrequired54 5．5质量记录Qualityrecord55六、测量施工工艺SURVEYINGTECHNIQUE556.1测量工作流程FlowChartforSurvey566．2测控网的建立establishmentofmeasurecontrolnet566．3沉降观测settlementobservation606．4测量精度保证措施Measurestoensureaccuracy61七、垫板、二次灌浆工艺617．1垫板工艺要求therequirementfortheshimplateprocess627．2二次灌浆施工艺constructionprocessthesecondtimegrouting637．3养护Maintains63八、防腐涂装方案ANTICRROSIONPAINTINGPLAN648．1涂装工艺PaintingProcess648．1．2．4构件表面处理MemberSurfaceTreatment678．1．2．5油漆修补涂装RepairingPaint688．2质量控制和质量保证措施QualityMeasures708．3安保措施SafetyMeasures72九、安全技术措施SAFETYMEASURES；739．1钢管脚手架steeltubescaffold739．2生命绳Lifeline889．3活动操作架台movablescaffoldplatform909．4笼梯cageladder92 9．5挂笼safetycage979．6吊笼liftingcage100十、安全管理措施SAFETYMEASURES10710.1作业人员的管理ManagementofOperationPersonnel10710.2机具管理ManagementofMachineryandTools10810.3临时用电的管理ManagementofTemporaryElectricitySupply10810.4脚手架的管理ManagementofScaffold10810.5进场道路的管理ManagementofEnteringRoad10910.6劳防用品的管理ManagementofPPE10910.7风险预知管理RiskPredictionManagement109十一、工作风险分析表-JRA109 一、编制依据Reference1．1编制说明Intro本施工方案针对TeamD管架钢结构工程编制，我司承担的TeamD管架工程分为24段管架，总长近1.3公里，钢结构总量近3800吨；管架宽度分别为2m、3m/3.5m、4m、6m、7m和8m，管架高度最高为22.1米。鉴于结构型式简单，施工方法相近，仅是在吊机选型上有所不同，为此我们将其中最具代表性的21a管架作为典型，来编制此施工方案，其它管架（R20a、R20b、R20c、R20d、R20e、21a、R22a、R22b、R22c、R23、R24a、R24b、R25a、R25b、R25c、R26、R33a、R33b、R33c、R34、R36）的施工参照此方案。ThisconstructionplaniscompiledasperactualsitesituationofpiperackinTeamDandisonlyapplicableforinstallationofsteelstructurepiperacks.Sincetheprojectconsistsof24piperackswhichis1.3KMlongand3800tons.Widthofpiperacksare2m、3m/3.5m、4m、6m、7mand8m,highestpartofpiperackis22.1meterhigh.Structuretypeissimpleandtheinstallationmethodisthesamewithotherareas.Herewewilltakethemostdifficultpiperack,21a,asanexampletocompileconstructionmethod.Otherpiperacks(R20a、R20b、R20c、R20d、R20e、21a、R22a、R22b、R22c、R23、R24a、R24b、R25a、R25b、R25c、R26、R33a、R33b、R33c、R34、R36)sharethesamemethod.1．2编制依据Reference1．2．1本工程招标文件；Thebiddocumentfortheproject1．2．2道康宁公司相关技术标准、规范及管理程序；TheDowCorning’srelevanttechniquestandard,thespecificationandmanagementprogram.1．2．3东洋工程公司相关管理程序、技术标准；ToyoEngineeringCorporation’srelevantmanagementprogramandtechniquespecification.1．2．4江苏省及张家港地区现行的相关地方标准、规范；TherelevantlocationstandardandspecificationwhichbelongstoJiangsuprovinceandZhangjiagangarea. 1．2．5.宝冶建设有限公司相关管理程序及企业标准BaoyeConstructionCorp.,Ltd.’smanagementprogramandstandard1．2．6国家现行的相关标准及规范，部分摘录如下：RelevantGBcodesandspecifications,asfollowing:《建筑工程设计文件编制深度规定》2003版；《Constructionengineeringdesigndocument》-2003《建筑结构可靠度设计统一标准》GB50068-2001；《Constructionstructurestandard》-GB50068-2001;《建筑结构荷载规范》GB50009-2001；《Constructionstructureloadspecification》-GB50009-2001;《钢结构设计规范》GB50017-2003《SteelStructureDesigningSpecification》GB50017-2003《钢结构防火涂料应用技术规程》CECS24-90《Steelstructurefireretardantcoatingapplicationtechnologypointoforder》CECS24-90《碳素结构钢》GB/T700-88《CarbonStructuralSteel》GB/T700-88《大六角头螺母，垫圈等技术条件》Thelargehexagonalnut,washer,andothertechnicalconditions《钢结构工程施工质量验收规范》GB50205-2001《SteelStructureProjectConstructionAcceptanceSpecification》（GB50205－2001）《建筑钢结构焊接技术规程》JGJ81-2002《ArchitecturalSteelStructureWeldingTechnologySpecification》JGJ81-2002《钢结构高强度螺栓连接的设计、施工及验收规范》JGJ82-91《SteelStructureHighStrengthBoltDesigning,ConstructionandAcceptanceSpecification》（JGJ82—1991）《石油化工企业设计防火规范》GB50160-92(1999年版)《Petrochemicalcompaniescodeforfireprotectiondesign》GB50160-92(1999)《建筑施工扣件式钢管脚安全技术规程》GBJ130-2001《Technicalcodeforsafetyofsteeltubularscaffoldwithcouplersinconstruction》GBJ130-2001 二、工程概况GeneralInfo21a全长94.8米(轴线到轴线)，宽度7米(轴线到轴线)，高度20米，最大跨距15米，最小跨距3.8米，共11条轴线，总重量约600吨。东侧与一期老管架相连，西侧与中核二三承建的管架相连，北侧为中建二局在建项目，南侧为张家港路，道路条件良好。但施工区域内拼装作业面狭小，且紧挨21a管架南侧有水沟在施工中，对拼装吊装、吊机站位带来了诸多的不便。21ais94.8meterslong(axistoaxis),7meterswide,20metershighandwith11axesandabout600tonssteelstructure.Thespanrangesfrom3.8metersto15meters.Theeastpartof21aconnectswithPhase1piperacks,andwestpartconnectswithpiperackswhichareunderconsideration.Northsideof21ahasotherprojectsandsouthsideisZhangjiagangRoad.Thisroadisingoodcondition,butthereisatrenchunderconstructionnearit.Allthesefactorscausedlotsofinconvenienceforinstallationandthesettingofcranes. 三、人员、机具安排MobilizationofEquipmentsandManpower3．1项目组织机构图SiteOrganizationStructureChart 3．2作业人员配备情况一览表laborconfigurationtable序号No.工种Position数量Num.备注Remark1起重指挥Erectionsingleman4人2安装工erector40人3吊机操作工craneoperator4人4油漆工painter4人5电工electrician1人6电焊工arcwelder2人7测量工surveyor2人8架子工scaffolder20人3．3机具配备情况一览表equipmentconfigurationschedule序号No.名称Title规格specification数量Qty备注Remark 1汽车吊truckcrane25T3台2汽车吊truckcrane50T1台3汽车吊truckcrane120T1台4拖车trailer1台5水准仪waterlevelgauge1台6经纬仪theodolite2台7电焊机electricweldingmachine2台8手拉葫芦chainblock5T109手拉葫芦2T3010扭力扳手torquewrench60～300N·m2把11扭力扳手torquewrench200～1000N·m2把12千斤顶jack5T10四、施工方案ConstructionPlan4．1安装总体思路GeneralIdeaoftheConstructionJob根据该工程管架的特点，单件重量较轻，散架较多，结构形式相似，工作面分散。单件吊装对整个工程进度影响较大。为提高工效、保证进度，我们确定以下安装总体思路：1、地面散件拼装，整体吊装。2、多点作业，流水施工。3、主结构先行，次结构随后。Sincetherearelotsofsinglestructureswhicharelightinweight,soitwouldbeinefficienttoinstallthematheight.Alsothesafetymeasuresrequiredforworkatheightwouldbeunfavorabletotheschedule.SothesePRwillbeassembledongroundandthenerectedasagroupstructure.Thiscandecreasetheworkloadatheight.Scaffoldplatformandaccesswithlifelinecanensurethesafetyofconstruction.Generalideais:1、assemblingonground,erectasgroupstructure。2、workatmulti-spot。3、firstmainstructure,thenauxiliarystructure。 21a管架效果图4．2工艺流程图WorkFlow 4．3施工准备准备工作包括基础的验收与检查；拼装胎架的制作检验；构件材料、吊装机械、运输机械、小型工机具的进场检验等工作。Preparationworkincludes:inspectionandcheckofbase,setupofsiteassemblingplatform,enteringandinspectionofmembers,liftingappliance,transportationmachineryandsmallequipmentsandmachinery.Explainedasbelow:基础验收：检查复核上道工序提交的相关资料，复核基础的轴线、标高、地脚螺栓的偏移量是否合格，合格后方可交接进行钢结构的安装；对于不合格的依业主及管理公司NCR程序上报，并全力配合研究处理方案，直至合格；Inspectionofbase:checktherelevantdocumentsofprecedingprocess;rechecktheoffsetofaxis,elevationandanchorbolt.Onlytheseitemsareacceptedcantheinstallationbecommenced;forunqualifieditems,processNCRasperrequirementofDCandTOYO.Coordinatewiththemtobringouttreatment.基础表面处理要求：清除基础表层浮浆并凿毛，设置好柱脚垫板（此部分在垫板及二次灌浆施工艺中加以详述）。Requirementofbasesurfacetreatment:removelaitanceandsetanchorboltcorrectly.胎架的制作：胎架主要是用于门形钢架及桁架结构拼装工作，由于现场场地条件较好，用枕木根据拼装结构的尺寸、重量、施工的需要等要求摆放在地面上，抄平、找正即可。Makingofassemblyjig:assemblyjigwillbeusedupassemblingofportalframeandtruss.Choiceonsleeperwillbedecidedbysize,weightofmembersandtheneedofconstruction.Sleeperwillbesetongroundandevenedandaligned.机械、机具、设备进场：本项目主要使用的机具有25吨汽车吊（三台）、50/120吨汽车吊（各1台，根据现现场进度情况穿插安排）及各种测量仪器。进场前向业主及管理公司提交有效的合格证及检测鉴定报告等资料，经确认后，方可使用。EnteringofMachinery,Equipment:25Ttruckcrane(3),a50Ttruckcraneanda120Ttruckcraneandallkindsofmeasuringapparatus.ReporttoClientandTOYOwithQCCertificateandinspectionreport.Onlyusethemwhenaccepted. 构件、材料进场：所有构件在领用前，必须进行构件质量检查（构件外观、质量证明文件等），并对所有进场构件做好记录。Enteringofmemberandmaterials:allmembers(appearance,QCcertificates,etc.)shouldgetinspectedbeforeputtingintouse.Recordforallmembersshouldbekept.构件进场检查项目包括外观质量、构件外形尺寸等。构件表面不应有疤痕、泥沙等污垢；中线线、标高线、构件编号标志齐全、明确。Thesurfaceofmembersshouldnothavethescaleanddirt.Itshouldbemarkedthecenterline,elevationandthenumberofmarker.外形尺寸检查允许偏差Inspectionforthepermissibledeviationofshapesize.柱外形尺寸允许偏差表Permissibledeviationofcolumnshapesize项目item允许偏差permissibledeviation检查方法或工具Inspectionmethodorequipment备注remark柱高theheightofcolumn±3.0㎜钢尺检查theinspectedbysteelrule柱脚螺栓孔中心对柱子轴线的距离thedistanceforaxis2.0㎜钢尺检查Inspectedbysteelrule柱截面尺寸thecolumnsectionsize±4.0㎜钢尺检查inspectedbysteelrule柱身扭曲thewarpingforcolumn’sbody5.0㎜钢尺检查inspectedbysteelrule翼缘板对腹板的垂直度Theperpendicularforflangeplatetowebplateb/100，且不应大于5.0㎜b/100，itisnotmorethan5.0㎜钢尺检查inspectedbyforsteelruleb为翼缘板宽度bmeansthewidthofflangeplate柱身弯曲矢高Thecolumn’sbendingvectorheightH/1500且不应大于5.0㎜H/1500,itisnotmorethan5.0㎜钢尺和拉线检查InspectedbysteelruleandpulllineH为柱高Hmeanstheheightofcolumn钢梁外形尺寸允许偏差表thepermissibledeviationofbeamshapesize项目item允许偏差permissibledeviation检查方法或工具Inspectedbymethodorequipment备注remark梁长度heightofbeam±l/2500，±10.0㎜钢尺检查inspectedbyforsteelrulel为梁长度lmeansthe heightofbeam侧弯矢高sidebendthevectorheightl/2000，且不应大于10㎜l/2000，itisnotmorethan10mm钢尺、拉线检查Steelruleandpulllinel为梁长度lmeanstheheightofbeam扭曲warpingh/250，且不应大于10㎜h/250，itisnotmorethan10mm钢尺检查inspectedbysteelrule腹板局部平面度theflatnessforthepartofwebplate5.0㎜1m直尺及塞尺检查Inspectedby1mstraightscaleandfeeler翼缘板对腹板的垂直度Theperpendicularfortheflangeplatetowebplateb/100，且不应大于3.0㎜b/100，itisnotmorethan3.0㎜钢尺检查成品保护finished-productprotection大量的施工物资、构件进场后，由材料经理负责管理，并做好详细出入库登记。构件卸车、倒运过程中，必须做好相应的保护措施，构件与构件；构件与车厢不得直接接触，必须用枕木分隔开来；同时在吊运时，对吊点部位必须用胶皮包扎，以免破坏油漆涂层。在堆场堆放时必须在构件下方均匀设置枕木，构件的堆放层数不得超过三层，枕木的摆放位置必须每层相同，以免构件受力不均而变形。Whenconstructionmaterials,componentsenteredthesite,specialmaterialsmanagershouldbedesignatedandenteringrecordsshouldberecorded.Forcomponentsthatcannotbeliftedatthetime,movethemintothestackingyard.Unloadcomponentappropriatelywithprotectivemeasuressothatcomponentsandcomponentelementswouldnotcontactdirectlywiththecarriage.Duringtheprocessoflifting,connectingpartsshouldbeprotectedwithrubberdressingtoavoiddamageofpaintcoating.Effectivemeasuresshouldbetakentopreventdeformationofcomponentsinthestackyard.Undernormalcircumstances,choosesmoothvenueforstackingtoavoiddeformation.Setsleepersunderthebottomofthecomponents.Componentsshouldnotbestoredformorethanthreelayers.Sleepersshouldbepositionedatthesameoneachfloortoavoiddeformation. 4.4钢结构拼装S.Sassembling4．4．1门形钢架的组装assemblingofportalframe门形钢架拼装主要是将钢柱与纵向主梁在地面胎架组装成一个整体单元，在地面胎架上完成节点螺栓的紧固后整体吊装。我们拟采用25吨汽车吊进行门形钢架的组装。Steelcolumnsandlongitudinalgirderswillbeassembledintoagroupunitonground.Tighteningofboltswillbedoneonground.Thenthegroupunitwillbeerected.25Ttruckcranewillbeusedforassembling.门形钢架拼装如图所示assemblingofportalframeshownasbelow：门型钢架组装工艺流程assemblingworkflowofportalframe： 门形钢架拼装步骤assemblingprocedureofportalframe：钢柱组装：胎架组装完成之后，进行上下两节钢柱的组装工作，如下图所示：Aftercompleteassemblyjib,toassemblinghighandlowtwosteelcolumn,asfollows:在钢柱组装时，必须保证总体尺寸的偏差在规范要求之内，待组装完成后，检查组装尺寸，合格后方可进行梁、撑的组装；Whenassemblingsteelcolumn,tomakesuretheoverallsizeinthedeviationofspecification,Inordertoassemblingbeamandbracing,Aftercompleteassemblysteelcolumn,checktheassemblysize,assemblingbeamandbracingwhenitisqualified梁、支撑组装：梁的安装按先两端后中间的组装程序进行，组装完成后，检查总体尺寸，然后进行中间梁的组装，最后进行支撑的组装。如下图所示：Assemblingbeamandbracing:beforeassemblingbeamandbracing,plinth,Aftercompleteassembly,checkthetotalsize,tomakesurethetotalsizeaccordingwithspecification,andthenassemblingintermediatebeam,Finally,assemblingbracing.梁（两端）组装图 梁（中间）组装图支撑组装图螺栓紧固、油漆修补：螺栓的紧固在结构组装、校正完成且尺寸检查符合规范要求后进行，具体工艺要求详见高强螺栓施工工艺；油漆修补工作在整个拼装过程中穿插进行，油补工艺详见油漆涂装方案。Fasteningbolts,paintrepair:thefasteningboltsafterthestructureassembly,correctionandaccordingwithspecification,specifictechnicalrequirementsdetailedintheconstructiontechnologyofhigh-strengthbolts;paintrepairworkwiththefasteningboltatthesametime,thespecificoilpremiumpaintcoatingprocessasdetailedinthemethodstatement.拼装用吊机选型及工况分析AssembledbycraneSelectionandanalysisofworkingconditions门型钢架单件最重构件为3.98吨，钢架拼装时，选用25吨汽车吊，工作半径为10米，起重量5.8吨，工况图如下：TheStructureofportalframeportalframe,heaviestcomponentisonly3.98tons,thesteel frameassembly,theselectionof25tonsofcartohoist,workingradiusof10meters,fromtheweightof5.8tons,thestatusofplansasfollows:25吨汽车吊性能表performancechartof25Tcrane：21a管架共计11榀，高度20米，为了节省场地，在钢架拼装时，采用两层拼装，即第一榀钢架拼装完成后，现在其上面错开摆放拼装第二榀钢架。需要注意的时，先行吊装的桁架必须摆在上方，即后进行拼装，以免二次倒运。21apiperackhas11setswhichareupto20metershigh.Assemblingwillbeperformedintotwolayers.Whenfirstlayerisassembled,secondlayerwillbeputontofirstlayersoastosavespace.Trussthatwouldbeliftedfirstshouldbeonthetoplayersoastoavoidrepeated transportation.4．4．2桁架拼装assemblingoftruss：根据管架结构形式桁架主要分为以下几种拼装形式：井型桁架、多层桁架、散件组装。Accordingtotypeofpiperacks,trussisdividedintoseveraltypes:wellshapetruss,multilayertrussandassemblingofsparemembers.4．4．2．1井型桁架拼装assemblingofwellshapetruss井型桁架拼装主要是将桁架梁与纵向主梁在地面胎架组装成井型结构，高强螺丝紧固后整体吊装，桁架分布于2~3轴、4~5轴、8~9轴、10~11轴123.5~126米标高部位。组装完成后如下图所示：Wellshapetrussassemblingistoassemblytrussbeamandlongitudinalbeamintowellshapestructureonassemblingjig.ThestructurewillbeerectedwhenHSBistightenedandaccepted.Thesestructuresaredisturbedat2~3axis、4~5axis、8~9axis、10~11axiswithelevationof123.5~126.Assembledstructureisshownasbelow: 4．4．2．1．1井架拼装工艺流程图wellshapetrussassemblingprocedure：4．4．2．1．2拼装工艺图示assemblingtechnique井型桁架组装方法步骤如下assemblingprocedure：底层主梁组装图Bottomlayermainbeaminstallationandassembledpicture 底层次梁组装图Bottomlayersubbeaminstallationandassembledpicture小立柱、立面撑组装图Smallcolumnandbraceassembledpicture 上层主梁组装图Upperlayermainbeamassembledpicture上层次梁组装图Upperlayersubbeamassembledpicture4．4．2．1．3吊机选型及工况分析choiceoncrane桁架单件最重构件为1.33吨，拼装主要选用25吨汽车吊，工作半径最大为10米，起重量5.8吨。如下图所示：Heaviestbeamin21aareais1.33ton.25Ttruckcranewillbeusedforassemblyoftruss.Maximumworkingradiusis10meters.Liftingcapacityis5.8ton,seeillustrationbellow: 25吨汽车吊性能表performancechartof25Tcrane：4．4．2．2多层桁架拼装assemblingofmultilayertruss多层桁架以下分为两种结构形式。形式一：井型桁架与H型立柱组合成整体结构进行吊装，主要分布于2~3轴、4~5轴、8~9轴、10~11轴113~119米标高（不包括119米标高的梁），组装完成后如下图所示：Therearetwotypesofmultilayertruss.Firstkindofmultilayertruss(multilayertrussone)isformedbywellshapetrussandH-shapecolumn.Thiskindofstructuresaredisturbed2~3axis、4~5axis、8~9axis、10~11axiswith elevationof113~119meters(beamof119metersexcluded).Assembledstructureisshownasbelow:形式二：单层平面桁架与H型立柱组合成整体结构进行吊装，主要分布于2~3轴、4~5轴、8~9轴、10~11轴119~123.5米标高（不包括123.5米标高的梁），组合完成后结构如下图所示：Secondkindofmultilayertruss(multilayertrusstwo)isformedbysinglayertrussandH-shapecolumn.Thiskindofstructuresaredisturbed2~3axis、4~5axis、8~9axis、10~11axiswithelevationof119~123.5meters(beamof123.5metersexcluded).Assembledstructureisshownasbelow 组合桁架拼装工艺：同井型桁架拼装工艺。Assemblingprocedureisthesameaswellshapetrussassembling.组合桁架的拼装也选用25吨汽车吊进行，工况同井型桁架拼装时工况条件。25Ttruckcranewillbeusedduringmultilayertrussassembling.4．5结构吊装erectionofstructure4．5．1门形钢架的吊装erectionofportalframe4．5．1．1门形钢架吊装工况分析workanalysis该区域门形钢架共计11片，钢架几何尺寸为7m*20m，最重钢架单件为21.447吨，最轻钢架单件为15.020吨，根据钢架特点吊装方法主要双机递送抬吊法进行钢架的吊装，主吊机选用120吨（一台）汽车吊，副吊机选用50吨（一台）汽车吊。以下我们选取21a-8轴钢架（钢架21.447吨）为例进行吊装工况分析。Thisareahas11portalframeswitdimensionof7m*20m.Theheaviestmemberis21.447tonwhilethelightestoneis15.020ton.120Ttruckcraneand50Ttruckcranewillbeused.21aaxis8 portalframe(21.447ton)willbeexmplifiedasbelow:1）吊机站位、作业半径，详见下图settingofcraneandworkingradius。8轴门形钢架吊装工况图2）吊机工况表performancechartofcrane120吨汽车吊120Ttruckcrane作业半径workingradius臂长jiblength额定起重量ratedliftingcapacity起重高度liftingheight80%起重量80%ofratedliftingcapacity11m27.8m27.2吨24m21.76吨50吨汽车吊50Ttruckcrane作业半径workingradius臂长jiblength额定起重量ratedliftingcapacity起重高度liftingheight80%起重量80%ofratedliftingcapacity10m15.4m12.2吨9m9.76吨 3）双机抬吊计算doublecraneserectioncalculation吊点设置settingofliftingpoint50吨吊机吊点设置在两柱脚部位，120吨吊机吊点设置在高柱高方向15米部位。具体如下图所示：liftingpointof50Tcranewillbesetattwobottomsofcolumnwhilefor150Tcrane,about15meterhighpositionofcolumn.Seeillustrationbelow:吊机起重力分配计算calculationofcraneliftingcapacity： 双机抬吊负荷计算图主要吊机荷载分配maincraneloaddistribution：已知钢架重力G=214.47kN，主吊机此种工况条件下最大起重力为272kN，按允许荷载为吊机起重力80%计算，P≤272*80%=217.6kN，大于钢架重力，即主吊机满足钢架吊装的要求。GravityofportalframeG=214.47kN,maximumloadcapacityofmaincraneis272kN,take80%ofratedloadforcalculation,P≤272*80%=217.6kN,whichisheavierthangravityofportalframe.Sothecranemeetstherequirement.副吊机荷载分配secondarycraneloaddistribution：副吊机在双机抬吊的工况下，主要起辅助主吊机的作用。在此种工况条件下最大起重力为122kN，钢架分配重力为P1=71.5kN，按允许为吊机起重力的80%计算，P1≤200*80%=160kN，大于分配的钢架重力，满足钢架吊装的需要。maximumloadcapacityofsecondarycraneis122kN.P1=71.5kNisgravityofportalframetakenbysecondarycrane.Take80%ofratedloadforcalculation,P1≤200*80%=160kN,whichisheavierthangravityofportalframetakenbysecondarycrane.Sothecranemeetstherequirement.载荷分配计算如下loaddistributioncalculation：设50吨吊机起重力为P1，120吨吊机起重力为P2，钢架重力为G， Setliftingloadof50TcraneasP1,120TcraneasP2,gravityofportalframeasG,则，P1+P2=GAnd,P1+P2=G∑M左=0，得：P2×15-G×10=0；∑Mleft=0，so：P2×15-G×10=0；钢架重21.45吨，相当于214.5kN，即G=214.5kN。Portalframeweighs21.45,whichis214.5kN,soG=214.5kN.得P1=71.5kN，P2=142.93kN。So,P1=71.5kN，P2=142.93kN鉴于以上结果，21a其余10片钢架的吊装工况均满足吊装的需要。Fromtheabovecalculationresult,10otherportalframescanbeerectedbycranesstatedabove.4）起重机性能表performanceofcrane：50吨吊机性能表performancechartof50Tcrane 120吨吊机性能表performancechartof120Tcrane 4．5．1．2吊装作业参数明细汇总表liftingworkperformancechart部位Axis重量weight(T)主吊机作业参数maincraneperformanceparameter副吊机作业参数secondarycraneperformanceparameter吊机型号Type作业半径workingradius(m)臂长jiglength(m)起重高度LiftingHeight(m)起重量liftingcapacity(T)吊机型号Type作业半径workingradius(m)臂长jiglength(m)起重高度LiftingHeight(m)起重量liftingcapacity(T)1轴15.020LTM11201127.82427．2QY50C1015.4912.22轴17.050LTM11201127.82427．2QY50C1015.4912.23轴15.978LTM11201127.82427．2QY50C1015.4912.24轴15.925LTM11201127.82427．2QY50C1015.4912.25轴19.110LTM11201127.82427．2QY50C1015.4912.26轴18.992LTM11201127.82427．2QY50C1015.4912.27轴20.862LTM11201127.82427．2QY50C1015.4912.28轴21.44LTM11201127.82427．2QY50C1015.4912.29轴18.141LTM11201127.82427．2QY50C1015.4912.210轴17.884LTM11201127.82427．2QY50C1015.4912.211轴15.664LTM11201127.82427．2QY50C1015.4912.2 4．5．1．3吊机站位图positioningofcrane：1轴线门形钢架吊装工况图2轴线门形钢架吊装工况图 3、4轴门形钢架吊装工况图5轴门形钢架吊装工况图 6轴门形钢架吊装工况图7轴门形钢架吊装工况图 8轴门形钢架吊装工况图9轴门形钢架吊装工况图 10轴门形钢架吊装工况11轴门形钢架吊装工况图注：若因其他原因无法依此吊机站位图实施，将根据现场条件征得管理公司同意后作适当调整。 4．5．1．4吊装流程和步骤liftingprocedureandworkprocess4．5．1．4．1准备工作preparationwork：机具的准备：依技术方案的要求，准备合格的吊机、吊具、吊索、风绳等；Preparationofmachinery:preparequalifiedcrane,liftingappliance,slingsandmooringropes,etc.班前技术安全交底：针对当前的吊装工作，进行班前技术安全交底，并做好详细的记录；Safetyexplanation:performsafetyexplanationbeforeworkandkeepdetailedrecord.安全措施：依方案要求，做好必要的安全措施，如对构件棱角用胶皮包扎以保护吊索、对吊装区域进行圈围、做好警戒等；Safetymeasures:setnecessarysafetymeasuresaspermethodstatement,suchasbindedgesandcornerswithrubbersoastoprotectsling.Setwarningsignforliftingworkarea.吊装许可证的办理：依东洋管理公司的要求，吊机、吊具检查合格后，吊装工作正式开始前，请求安全部门进行现场检查，办理许可证后方可开始吊装；Workpermitsystem:asperrequirementofTOYO,whenmachineryisstandby,requestforworkpermitbeforeerection.4．5．1．4．2吊装步聚：利用两台吊机依方案要求同时起吊。Twocraneslifting:usetwocranestoliftatthesametime.步骤一step1：依吊机站位图安排主副吊机的站位，同时对钢架吊点进行包扎保护，捆绑和调整索具，检查主副吊机作业半径内安全措施的到位情况及清场工作；Craneinaccordancewitharrangementsforthemainstations,deputystationcrane,andatthesametimehangingonthesteelframetoprotectbandagedpoints,tiedupandadjusttherigging,inspection,viceprincipalradiusofcraneoperationsafetymeasuresinplaceandclearancework.步骤二step2：主副吊机同时起升，起升至索具绷紧状态后，由作业人员对索具及钢架状态进行检查确认，确认后继续起升。Atthesametime,themainvicecranehoisting,riggingrosefromastateoftension,bytheoperatingstaffofthestateofriggingandinspectionofasteelframe,continuetoplayorafterconfirmation. 步骤三step3：当主副吊机同时起升至离地面约1米左右时，副吊机停止起升，主吊机继续起升，同时在保持作业半径不变的情况下缓慢向副吊机方向回转；直至主吊机将钢架吊至垂直状态，副吊机摘除吊钩。主吊机向基础部位回转；Whenthemaincranesandsecondarycranerosefromthegroundatthesametimefromabout1meter,secondarycranewillstopliftingandthemaincranecontinuestoplay;turnthedirectionofmaincranetowardsthesecondarycraneslowlywithinthesameworkingradius.Whenportalframeisvertical,secondarycranewillremovethehookandmaincranewillturnaroundtofoundationdirection.步骤四step4：主吊机回转至基础部位后，缓缓下降，直至安装到位。bigcranebacktobasepositionandlowerslowlyuntilinstallationisdone.步骤五step5：钢柱就位后，钢架吊装就位后，立即拉好风绳，拧紧地脚螺栓螺母，摘除吊钩。Temporarysteadymeasures:whencolumnisinposition,setmooringropeandtightenanchorboltandremovethehook.4．5．2桁架的吊装erectionoftruss4．5．2．1多层桁架形式一的吊装erectionofmultilayertrussone4．5．2．1．1吊点的设置settingofliftingpoints桁架的吊装采用四吊点吊装，吊点的位置对称设置。Foursymmetryliftingpointswillbesetduringerectionoftruss.4．5．2．1．2吊机选型及工作况明细choiceoncrane多层桁架形式一吊装作业参数明细表specificationoferectionofmultilayertrussone桁架部位重量（T）选用吊机工作半径(m)起重量(T)臂长（m）起重高度（m)AB列2-3轴113-119标高17.9474LTM11201224.427.823AB列4-5轴113-119标高11.0134LTM11201224.427.823AB列8-9轴113-119标高19.3571LTM11201224.427.823AB列10-11轴113-119标高18.3952LTM11201224.427.823 4．5．2．1．3吊装示意图erectionillustration：4．5．2．2多层桁架形式二的吊装erectionofmultilayertrusstwo：4．5．2．2．1吊点的设置型式一桁架。Settingofliftingpointoftypeonetruss4．5．2．2．2吊机选型及工作况明细choiceoncraneandworkanalysis多层桁架形式二吊装作业参数明细表specificationoferectionofmultilayertrusstwo桁架部位重量(T)选用吊机工作半径(m)起重量(T)臂长（m）起重高度(m)AB列2-3轴119-123.5标高12.12LTM11201815.632.425AB列4-5轴119-123.5标高7.973LTM11201815.632.425AB列8-9轴119-123.5标高12.24LTM11201815.632.425AB列10-11轴119-123.5标高11.99LTM11201815.632.4254．5．2．2．3吊装示意图： 4．5．2．3井型桁架的吊装erectionofwell-shapetruss4．5．2．3．1吊点设置settingofliftingpoint井型桁架的吊装也采用四吊点吊装，吊点的位置对称设置。Foursymmetryliftingpointswillbesetduringerectionofwellshapetruss.4．5．2．1．2吊机选型及工况明细choiceoncrane吊装作业参数明细表workingspecificationofcraneforerection桁架部位重量（T）选用吊机工作半径(m)起重量(T)臂长（m）起重高度(m)AB列2-3轴123.5-126标高17.066LTM11201422.132.427AB列4-5轴123.5-126标高10.718LTM11201422.132.427AB列8-9轴123.5-126标高16.570LTM11201422.132.427AB列10-11轴123.5-126标高14.104LTM11201422.132.4274．5．2．1．3吊机站位示意图：settingofcrane 4．5．3零散构件吊装erectionofsparemembers散件的吊装采用25吨吊机进行。25Tcranewillbeuseduperectionofsparemembers.五、高强螺栓施工艺HSBTechnique5．1一般规定Generalrequirement5．1．1高强度螺栓连接在施工前应对连接副实物和扭矩系数进行检验和复验，合格后才能进入安装施工。Thehighstrengthenboltandfrictionsurfaceneedtobeinspectedandre-testedbeforeapplication,anditcanonlybeenusedwhenaccepted.5．1．2对每一个连接节点，若螺栓无法正常穿入，应先用钢冲定位，钢冲的数量使螺栓能使螺栓正常自由穿入为宜，但不得少于三个。Aconnectionforeachnode,iftheboltdoesnotpenetrate,redsteelshouldbepositionedsothatthenumberofredsteelboltsboltcanpenetratenormalfreeappropriatebutnolessthanthree.5 ．1．3高强度螺栓的穿入，应在结构中心位置调整后进行，其穿入方向应以施工方便为准，力求一致；安装时要注意垫圈的正反面，即：螺母带圆台面的一侧应朝向垫圈有倒角的一侧；对于大六角头高强度螺栓连接副靠近螺头一侧的垫圈，其有倒角的一侧朝向螺栓头。TheHSBwillbeadjustedaftertheadjustmentoncenterofsteelmembers,andthedirectionshallkeepconsistencebasedontheconvenienceforerection;Payattentiontotwosidesofwasher,whichmeansthesideofwasherwithchamfershallmatchtothesideofnutwithroundsurfaceandheadofbolt.5．1．4高强度螺栓的安装应能自由穿入孔，严禁强行穿入，如不能自由穿入时，该孔应用铰刀进行修整，修整后孔的最大直径应小于1.2倍螺栓直径。修孔时，为了防止铁屑落入板迭缝中，铰孔前应将四周螺栓全部拧紧，使板迭密贴后再进行，严禁气割扩孔。TheHSBshallbeputintotheholesfreely,andputforcedlyisnotallowed.Iftheholedidnotmatch,itneedstobeadjustedbyreamer,andtheMax.diametershalllessthan1.2timesofboltdiameter.Duringtheadjustment,inordertoavoidscrapfallingdown,otherboltsaroundhavetobeentightentoensurethereisnospaceorclearancewhenholeenlarging.Gascuttingisnotallowed.5．1．5高强度螺栓连接中连接钢板的孔径略大于螺栓直径，并必须采取钻孔成型方法，钻孔后的钢板表面应平整、孔边无飞边和毛刺，连接板表面应无焊接飞溅物、油污等，螺栓孔径及允许偏差见表。Boltholeonsteelmembersshalllargerthanboltdiameter,andtheholeshallbedrilledbydrillingmachine.Theplateshallbeflat,andtheholesshallbenoburrsorspatter.Theholediameterandtoleranceseebelow:高强螺栓连接构件制孔允许偏差Holediameterandtoleranceofsteelmembers名称Item直径及允许偏差（mm）Diameter&Tolerances(mm)螺栓Bolt直径Diameter12162022242730允许偏差Tolerances±0.43±0.52±0.84螺栓孔Bolthole直径Diameter13.517.522（24）26（30）33允许偏差Tolerances＋0.430＋0.520＋0.840圆度（最大和最小直径之差）Roundness(DifferencebetweenMax.&Min.)1.001.50中心线倾斜角Inclineangleofcenterline应不大于板厚的3％，且单层板不得大于2.0mm，多层板迭组合不得大于3.0mm。 ≤3%ofplatethickness.TheMax.≤2.0mmforsingleplate,andtheMax.≤3.0mmformultipleplates.5．1．6各国高强度螺栓性能对比表。（检测时参考）ComparisonsheetofHSBPerformance(Referencestandard)国家Origin标准Standard性能等级Class抗拉强度（MPa）Tensilestrength延伸率Elongation硬度HRC中国ChinaGB12138.8级、10.9级830、10401024-31美国U.S.AA3258.8S8441423－32A49010.9S10551432－38日本JapanJI1311B6F8T、F10T800－10001618－31德国GermanyDIN26710K1000－120085．1．7高强度螺栓连接构件的孔距允许偏差。（检测时参考）ToleranceofholepitchonHSBconnectedmembers(Referencestandard)项次Item项目Description螺栓孔距Holepitch<500500-12001200-3000>30001同一组间任意两空间Anydistancewithinsamegroup允许偏差Tolerance±1.0±1.2--2相邻两组间的端空Enddistanceofadjacentgroups±1.2±1.5+2.0±3.05．2安装前的检查工作inspectionworkbeforeinstallation5．2．1检查项目Inspectionitems5．2．1．1螺栓、螺母、垫圈均应附有质量证明书，并应符合设计要求和国家标准的规定。TheHSB,nutandwasherneedattachthecorrespondingqualitycertificate,andshallmeetthedesignrequirementandGBstandard.5．2．1．2高强度大六角螺栓示意图见图1。Seebelowforbearing-typehexagonHSB.5．2．1．3大六角头高强度螺栓的规格、尺寸及重量应符合表1的规定。Thespecification,sizeandweightofboltshallmeetthestandardshownonSheet1.5．2．1．4大六角高强度螺母的规格、尺寸及重量应符合表2的规定。Thespecification,sizeandweightofnutshallmeetthestandardshownonSheet2. 5．2．1．5高强度垫圈的规格、尺寸及重量应符合表3的规定。Thespecification,sizeandweightofwashershallmeetthestandardshownonSheet3.图1高强度大六角螺栓示意图Bearing-typehexagonHSB钢结构用大六角头高强度螺栓的规格、尺寸及重量表1Sheet1Specification,sizeandweightofboltd(mm)公称尺寸Nominalsize121620(22)24(27)30最大Max.12.4316.4320.5222.5224.5227.8430.84最小Min.11.5715.5719.4821.4823.4826.1629.16E(mm)最小Min.22.7829.5637.2939.5545.250.8555.37dw(mm)19.224.931.433.338.042.846.5s(mm)最大Max.21273436414650最小Min.20.1626.163335404549h(mm)最大Max.7.9510.7513.414.915.917.919.75最小Min.7.059.2511.613.114.116.117.65R(mm)最小Min.1.01.01.51.51.52.02.0C(mm)最大Max.0.80.80.80.80.80.80.8最小Min.0.40.40.40.40.40.40.4Z(mm)最大Max.2.63.03.83.84.54.55.3L0(mm)25;3030;3535;4040;4545;5050;5555;60L(mm)每1000个螺栓的重量（kg）≈Theweightofeach1000bolts≈公称Nominal最小Min.最大Max.354033.7538.7536.2541.2549.454.24543.7546.2557.8113.05048.7551.2562.5121.3207.35553.556.567.3127.9220.3269.36058.561.572.1136.2233.3284.9357.326563.566.576.8144.5243.6300.5375.7503.27068.571.581.6152.8256.5313.2394.2527.1658.27573.576.586.3161.2269.5328.9407.1551.0687.5 8078.581.5169.5282.5344.5428.6570.2716.88583.2586.75177.8295.5360.1446.1594.1740.39088.2591.75186.1308.5375.8464.7617.9769.69593.2596.75194.4321.4391.4483.2641.8799.010098.25101.75202.8334.4407.0501.7665.7828.3110108.25111.75219.4360.4438.3538.8713.5886.9120118.25121.75236.1386.3469.6575.9761.3945.6钢结构用大六角头高强度螺栓的规格、尺寸及重量续表1ContinuedL0(mm)25;3030;3535;4040;4545;5050;5555;60L(mm)每1000个螺栓的重量（kg）≈Theweightofeach1000bolts≈公称Nominal最小Min.最大Max.130128132252.7412.3500.8612.9809.11004.2140138142438.3532.1650.0856.91062.8150148152464.2563.4687.1904.71121.5160156165490.2594.6724.2952.41180.1170166174625.9761.21000.21238.7180176184657.2798.31048.01297.4190186194688.4835.41095.81356.0200196204719.7872.41143.61414.7220216224782.2946.61239.21531.92402302441020.71334.71649.22602562641430.31766.5注：NOTE:1．括号内的规格，尽可能不采用。Thesizeinbracketshallnotbeusedaspossibleasyoucan.2．dw的最大尺寸，等于s的实际尺寸。TheMaximumsizeofdwequaltoactualsizeofs.钢结构用高强度大六角螺母的规格、尺寸及重量表2Sheet2Specification,sizeandweightofnutd(mm)121620(22)24(27)30s(mm)最大Max.最小Min.2120.162726.1634333635414046455049H(mm)最大Max.最小Min.12.311.8717.116.420.719.423.622.324.222.927.626.330.729.1e(mm)dw(mm)最大Max.最小Min22.7819.229.5624.937.2931.439.5533.345.2038.050.8542.855.3746.6 C(mm)最大Max.最小Min.0.80.40.80.40.80.40.80.40.80.40.80.40.80.4每1000个螺母的重量（kg）≈Theweightofeach1000bolts≈27.6861.51118.77146.59202.67288.51374.0181.96注NOTE:：1．括号内的规格，尽可能不采用。Thesizeinbracketshallnotbeusedaspossibleasyoucan.2．dw的最大尺寸，等于s的实际尺寸。TheMax.sizeofdwequaltoactualsizeofs.钢结构用高强度垫圈的规格、尺寸及重量表3Sheet3Specification,sizeandweightofwasher公称直径Nominaldiameter(mm)121620(22)24(27)30d1(mm)最大Max.最小Min.13.431317.431721.522123.522325.522528.522831.6231d2(mm)最大Max.最小Min.2523.73331.44038.44240.44745.45250.45654.1t(mm)最大Max.最小Min..3.32.53.32.54.33.55.34.55.34.56.35.56.35.5C(mm)最大Max.最小Min..1.61.21.61.22.21.82.21.82.21.82.92.52.92.5每1000个垫圈的重量（kg）≈Theweightofeach1000bolts≈9.0315.9629.8439.3950.7172.0981.96注：NOTE:1．括号内的规格，尽可能不采用。Thesizeinbracketshallnotbeusedaspossibleasyoucan.5．2．1．6不同等级的大六角头高强度螺栓的材料性能必须符合表4的规定。MaterialperformanceofdifferentclassofhexagonHSBshallmeettherequirementofsheet不同等级的大六角头高强度螺栓的材料性能表4Sheet4MaterialperformanceofdifferentclassofhexagonHSB性能等级Class抗拉强度TensilestrengthσbN/mm2(kgf/mm2)屈服强度Yieldstrengthσ0.2N/mm2(kgf/mm2)伸长率Elongationδ5（%）收缩率Shrinkageψ（%）冲击韧性ImpactToughnessαkJ/cm2(kgf·m/cm2) 不小于Notlessthan8.8S830～1030(85～105)660(68)124578(8)5．2．1．7不同规格的高强度螺栓的机械性能、拉力应符合表5的规定。ThemechanicalperformanceandtensileofdifferentclassofHSBshallmeettherequirementofsheet5．2．1．8大六角头高强度螺栓的硬度应符合表6的规定。ThehardnessofhexagonHSBshallmeettherequirementofsheet6.5．2．1．9大六角头高强度螺栓的连接副是由一个螺栓、二个垫圈、一个螺母组成，螺栓、螺母的垫圈应按表7规定配套使用。AsetofhexagonHSBiscomposedofonebolt,twowashers,andonenut,andtheusingofboltandwasherfornutshallmeettherequirementofSheet7.不同规格大六角头高强度螺栓的机械性能、拉力表5Sheet5MechanicalperformanceandtensileofdifferentclassofHSB公称直径Nominaldiameter(mm)121620(22)24(27)30公称应力截面积As(mm2)84.3157245303353459561等级Class10.9S拉力载荷TensileloadN(kgf)87700～104500(8940～10700)163000～195000(16600～19800)255000～304000(26000～31000)315000～376000(32100～38300)367000～438000(48600～58000)477000～569000(48600～58000)583000～696000(59400～70900)8.8S70000～86800(7140～8850)130000～162000(13300～16500)203000～252000(20700～25700)251000～312000(25600～31800)293000～364000(29900～37000)381000～47.000(38800～48200)466000～578000(47500～58900)螺栓硬度表6Sheet6HardnessofhexagonHSB螺栓Bolt螺母Nut垫圈Washer8.8S8HHRC35～45螺栓、螺母和垫圈的配套表7Sheet7Setofbolt,nutandwasher性能等级Class维氏硬度HV30洛氏硬度HRC8.8S249～29624～31 5．2．2高强度螺栓施工技术条件要求constructiontechnologyrequirementforthehighstrengthbolt5．2．2．1高强度螺栓连接接触面必须符合设计要求，扭矩系数必须达到设计要求。ThefrictionsurfaceofHSBshallmeetthedesignrequirement,andthetorquecoefficientshouldmeetthedesignrequirement.5．2．2．2施工部位接触面应防止被油或脏物污染，如有污染必须彻底清理干净。Anygreaseorpaintshallberemovedonfrictionsurfacebeforeerection.5．2．2．3调整扭矩扳手。扭矩扳手的扭矩值应在允许偏差范围之内。施工用的扭矩扳手，其误差应控制在±5%以内。校正用的扭矩扳手。其误差应控制在±3%以内。Adjusttorquewrench.Accordingtotheconstructiontechnicalrequirement,thetorquevalueofwrenchneedstobeadjustedwithintheacceptedtolerances:forerection:±5%andforadjustment:±3%.5．2．2．4检查螺栓孔的孔径尺寸，孔边毛刺必须彻底清理。Checkthediameterandsizeofhole,andtheburrsneedtoberemoved.5．2．2．5将同一批号、规格的螺栓、螺母、垫圈配好套，装箱待用。Forthesamebatchandspecification,awholesetofbolt,nutandwasherneedstobematched.5．2．2．7应对大六角头高强度螺栓的操作者进行培训或技术交底，其内容如下：TheerectionoperatorofhexagonHSBshallbetrainedorinformedthefollowing:5．2．2．7．1大六角头高强度螺栓的使用特点和要求。ErectionrequirementsandcharacteristicsforhexagonHSB.5．2．2．7．2高强度螺栓的扭矩系数。FrictioncoefficientofTorquecoefficientforHSB.5．2．2．7．3高强度螺栓紧固工艺要点和紧固原则。TighteningprocessandtighteningprincipleofHSB.5．2．2．7．4高强度螺栓的储运、保管和现场施工要求。Delivery,storageandhandlingrequirementofhexagonHSB.5．2．2．7．5高强度螺栓扭矩扳手的性能和使用方法。Performanceandapplicationguideoftorquewrench.5．2．2．7．6高强度螺栓紧固后的自检自查要求和检查方法、内容。 Self-checkingrequirement,methodanditemsaftertighteningofhexagonHSB.5．2．3操作工艺Workingprocedure5．2．3．1工艺流程：Flowchart作业准备选择螺栓并配套节点组装钢冲定位调整穿高强螺栓、拆除钢冲高强度螺栓紧固检查验收PreparationSelectionofHSBsetConnectionassemblyAdjustingnailPuttheHSbolt,removenailTighteningofHSBInspection&Acceptance5．2．3．2工艺要求5．2．3．2．1作业准备Preparation备好扳手、钢冲、毛刷等工具。根据高强度螺栓扭矩系数检测报告，计算初拧（大六角型高强螺栓初拧值为终拧值的一半）、终拧值。施工所用的扭矩扳手，班前必须校正，其扭矩误差不得大于±5%，合格后方准使用。校正用的扭矩扳手，其扭矩误差不得大于±3%。扭矩校正应指定专人负责。Keepwrenches,nailpunch,steelwirebrush,etc.readyforapplication.CalculatetheinitialandfinaltightenedtorquevaluebasedonthetorquecoefficienttestingreportofHSB.Adjustthewrenchesbeforeapplicationbytheprofessionalpersons.5．2．3．2．2螺栓长度的选择LengthselectionofHSBset大六角头高强度螺栓长度选择，考虑到钢构件加工时采用钢材一般均为正公差，有时材料代用又多是以大代小，以厚代薄居多，所以总长度增加3～4mm的现象很多，因此，应选择好高强度螺栓长度，一般以紧固后长出2～3扣为宜，然后根据要求配好套备用。 ForthelengthselectionofhexagonHSB,consideringofthefollowingsituations:positivetoleranceoffabricationofsteelmembers,andmaterialsubstitutionbylongerorthickermaterial,whichcausedthetotallengthofconnectionwillincrease3-4mm,sotheselectionoflengthisimportant,andgenerallyexteriorlengthof2-3timesofscrewpitchaftertightenisaccepted.5．2．3．2．3接头组装：Connectionassembly对接触面进行清理，对板不平直的，应在平直达到要求以后才能组装。接触面不能有污泥，孔的周围不应有毛刺。Clearthefrictionsurface,andthesurfaceneedstobestraightenedbeforeassembly.Makesurethereisnoanygreaseorotherimpuritiesonsurface,andnoburraroundthehole.高强度螺栓接触面板间应紧密贴实，对因板厚公差、制造偏差或安装偏差等产生的接触面间隙，应按下表的规定处理。ThetwofayingsurfacesofHSBneedtobematchedclosely,andforanyclearancecausedbythickness,fabricationorerectiontolerance,shallbetreatedaccordingfollow.接触面间隙处理表8Sheet8Clearancetreatmentbetweenfayingsurfaces项目Item间隙大小ClearanceSize处理方法Treatmentmethod1t＜1.0mm不予处理Notreatmentrequired2t=1.0～3.0mm将厚板一侧磨成1:10的缓坡，使间隙小于1.0mmGrindaslopeof1:10onthethickerplate3t＞3.0mm加垫板，垫板厚度不小于3mm，最多不超过三层，垫板材质和接触面处理方法应与构件相同Putashimplatewiththicknesslessthan3mm,buttheMax.numberofshimplateshallbewithin3.5．2．3．2．4选用合适的钢冲：Selectionofpropernail控制钢冲的最少用量是考虑安装时它们应能承受构件的自重和连接校正时外力的作用，防止连接后构件位置偏移，以及为了钢板间的有效夹紧，尽量消除间隙.Inordertoavoiddisplacementandclearancebetweentwofaces,theleastnumberofnailshallbaseontheweightofsteelmemberandforcewhenconnectionadjustment.5．2．4安装高强螺栓：ErectionofHSB5．2．4．1高强度螺栓应自由穿入孔内，严禁用锤子将高强度螺栓强行打入孔内。TheHSBshallbeputintotheholesfreely,andputforcedlyisnotallowed. 5．2．4．2高强度螺栓的穿入方向应该一致，局部受结构阻碍时可以除外。Sameinstallingdirection,exceptanyspecialcasesduetothestructuretype.5．2．4．3不得在下雨天安装高强度螺栓。Erectionoperationunderrainydayisnotallowed.5．2．4．4高强度螺栓垫圈位置应该一致，安装时应注意垫圈正、反面方向。（螺母带圆台面的一侧应朝向垫圈有倒角的一侧，对于大六角头高强度螺栓连接副靠近螺栓头一侧的垫圈，其有倒角的一侧朝向螺栓头。）Payattentiontotwosidesofwasher,whichmeansthesideofwasherwithchamfershallmatchtothesideofnutwithroundsurfaceandheadofbolt.5．2．4．5高强度螺栓安装后及时拧紧，避免在孔内受剪。Tightentimelytoavoidshearforceinholes.5．2．5高强度螺栓的紧固：TighteningofHSB5．2．5．1大六角头高强度螺栓全部安装就位后，可以开始紧固。紧固方法一般分两步进行，即初拧和终拧。初拧扭矩系数是终拧值的一半，终拧系数根据试验确定.ThetighteningwillbedoneafterpositionofHSB,andthetighteningwillbedividedintotwosteps:Initialtighteningandfinaltightening.Andthecalculationisbasedonthetest.5．2．5．2高强螺栓在初拧、终拧时，连接处的螺栓应由螺栓群中央顺序向外拧紧。高强螺栓的终拧扭矩检查必须用检测扳手。Screwfasteningthebeginningoftheorder,accordingtothefirstlargehexagonalhighstrengthboltsfasteningtheorderprovidesthatthegeneralstiffnessofjointsshouldbelargeinthedirectionofunfetteredfreedomtocarryouttheorderside;orboltfromthecentertobothsidesofthegrouporaroundthedirectionofproliferation5．2．5．3高强螺栓初拧、终拧应该在同一天内完成。高强螺栓拧紧时，只准在螺母上扭加扭矩。Theinitialandfinaltighteningshallbefinishedwithinthesamedaytoavoidtorquecoefficientchangecausedbyenvironment.5．2．6大六角头高强度螺栓检查InspectionofHSB在施工过程中检查施工是否按施工作业指导书要求进行，具体检查内容有以下几项：Technicalinspection,tocheckiffollowingtheoperationguide:5．2．6．1高强螺栓的进入是否自由进入，严禁用锤强行打入。 TheHSBshallbeputintotheholesfreely,andputforcedlyisnotallowed.5．2．6．2抽检测定扭矩扳手的扭矩值，是否在设计允许范围之内。Randominspectionoftorquevalueoftorquewrench5．2．6．3检查连接面钢板的清理情况，保证接触面的紧密贴合。Clearanceoftwofayingsurfaces.Keepingthecontactfaceisclosed.5．3质量标准Qualitystandard5．3．1保证项目：Inspectionitems5．3．1．1高强度大六角头螺栓连接副的规格和技术条件，应符合设计要求和现行国家标准《钢结构用高强度大六角头螺栓、大六角螺母、垫圈技术条件》的规定。ThewholesetofhexagonHSBshallmeetthedesignrequirementandcurrentGBstandard.检验方法：逐批检查质量证明书和出厂检验报告和复验报告。Method:Checkthequalitycertificateandtestingreportfromsupplier,re-testingreportoneachbatch.检验内容有高强度大六角头螺栓、螺母、垫圈的材料性能等级必须符合GBT3632规定。Allmaterialperformanceofbolt,washerandnutshallmeettherequirementofGBT3632.5．3．1．2大六角头高强度螺栓连接副应进行扭矩系数复验，其结果应符合现行国家标准《钢结构用高强度大六角头螺栓、大六角螺母、垫圈技术条件》的规定。Largehexagonalhighstrengthboltstoconnectthefirstdeputytotorquecoefficientconductinspectionsresume,andtheresultsshouldbeinlinewithexistingnationalstandardsfor"high-strengthsteelstructurewithlargehexagonalheadbolt,thehexagonalnut,andwashertechnology".检验方法：检查扭矩系数复验报告，复验用螺栓应在施工现场待安装的螺栓批中随机抽取，每批次应抽取8套连接副进行复验。Method:Checkthere-testingreport,andthere-testingwillberandomselectedfromtheboltatsite,8setsofHSBineachbatch.5．3．1．3高强度大六角头螺栓连接接触面的表面应平整，不得有飞边、毛刺，焊接飞溅物、焊疤、氧化铁皮、污垢和不需要有的涂料等。Thefrictionsurfaceshallbeflat,withoutanyburr,spatter,oxidescale,dustorother impurities.检验方法：观察检查。Method:Visualinspection.5．3．1．4紧固高强度大六角头螺栓所采用的扭矩扳手应定期标定，螺栓初拧符合现行国家标准《钢结构工程施工及验收规范》（GB50205—2001）的规定后，方可进行终拧。ThetorquewrenchforHSBtighteningpurposeshallbecalibratedincertainperiod,andtheinitialtorqueshallmeetthecurrentGBstandard（GB50205—2001）,thenthefinaltighteningcanbedone.检验方法：检查扭矩扳手标定记录和螺栓施工记录。Method:Checkthecalibrationrecordandbolterectionrecord.5．3．1．5高强度大六角头螺栓应自由穿入螺栓孔，不得强行敲打。TheHSBshallbeputintotheholesfreely,andputforcedlyisnotallowed.检验方法：观察检查。Method:Visualinspection.5．3．2基本项目：Requiredcheckingitems5．3．2．1高强度大六角头螺栓连接接头的外观质量：TheappearanceofconnectionjointofhexagonHSB合格：螺栓穿入方向基本一致，外露长度不应少于2扣。Accepted:Sameinstallingdirection,andexteriorlengthshallnotlessthan2timesofscrewpitch.优良：螺栓穿入方向一致，外露长度不应少于2扣，露长均匀。Excellent:Sameinstallingdirection,andsameexteriorlength,whichshallnotlessthan2timesofscrewpitch.检查数量：按节点数抽查5%，但不少于10个。Numberofinspection:5%randominspectionbasedonnumbersofconnection,butnotlessthan10connections.检验方法：观察检查。Method:Visualinspection.5．3．2．2扭矩法施工的高强度大六角头螺栓终拧质量：QualityoffinaltightenofhexagonHSBinstalledbytorquemethod. 合格：螺栓的终拧扭矩符合现行标准《钢结构工程施工及验收规范》（GB50205—2001）的规定。Accepted:Afterinitialtighteningorchangebolt,thefinaltightenedtorquevalueshallmeetthecurrentGBstandard.（GB50205—2001）检查数量：按节点数抽查10%，但不应少于10个；每个被抽查节点按螺栓数抽查10%，但不应少于2个。Numberofinspection:10%randominspectionbasedonnumbersofconnection,butnotlessthan10connections;foreachconnection,10%ofnumbersofbolt,butnotlessthan2.当发现终拧扭矩不符合规定时，应再扩大检查10%，如仍有不合格者，则整个节点的高强度螺栓应重新拧紧。Whenthefinalscrewtorquedoesnotmeettheexistingnationalstandards,randominspectionshouldbeextendedto20%ofbolts.Ifunqualifiedboltstillexists,inspectallthebolts.;5．3．3控制项目：ControlItems5．3．3．1检查使用的扭矩扳手应在每班作业前后分别进行标定和校验，检查扭矩按下列公式计算：Thetorquewrenchusedforinspectionshallbecalibratedoradjustedbeforeandafterapplication,theacceptedtorquevalueisbasedonthefollowingformula:Tch=k.p.dTch——检查扭矩（N.m）Tch——acceptedtorquevalue（N.m）5．3．3．2高强度大六角头螺栓终拧结束后检验时，应采用“小锤敲击法”对螺栓（螺母处）逐个敲检，且应进行扭矩随机抽检。ForinspectionofhexagonHSBafterfinaltightening,themethodof“punchofhammer”shallbeusedonbolt(nut)onebyone,andrandomtorqueinspectionisalsorequired.5．3．3．3扭矩检查应在螺栓终拧1h以后，24h之前完成。Thetorqueinspectionshallbedonewithin1h—24hafterfinaltightening.5．3．3．4扭矩检查为随机抽样，抽样数量按节点数抽查10%，但不应少于10个；每个被抽查节点按螺栓数抽查10%，但不应少于2个。如发现有不符合规定的，应再扩大检查10%，如仍有不合格者，则整个节点的高强度螺栓应重新拧紧。Randominspectionontorqueandpercentageis10%ofHSBoneachjoint,butatleasttwo setofHSB.Ifitfailed,another10%needtobecheckedagain,andiffailedagain,thetighteningworkneedtoberedoneonmissedones,orchangebolt.5．4应注意的质量问题Qualityissueswithattentionrequired5．4．1高强度螺栓的安装施工应避免在雨雪天气进行，以免影响施工质量。Inordertokeepthegoodquality,theerectionworkshallnotbeallowedduringtheweatherofrainorsnow.5．4．2大六角头高强度螺栓连接副应在同批内配套使用，当天使用当天从库房中领出，最好用多少领多少，当天未用完的高强度螺栓不能堆放在露天，应该如数退回库房，以备第二天继续使用。TherequisitionandhandlingofHSBshallbaseontheactualrequirement,andtrytousewithinthesameday,whenthereisleft,itshouldbereturnedtothestoragewarehousetoavoidstorageoutofdoors.5．4．3高强度螺栓在安装过程中如需要扩孔时，使用铰刀扩孔。一定要注意防止金属碎屑夹在接触面之间，一定要清理干净后才能安装。ThereamerwillbeusedwhentheholedidnotmatchtheHSB,andduringtheapplicationprocess,trytoavoidscrapexistedormakesureitremovedbeforeerection.高强度螺栓在使用前尽可能不要开箱，以免破坏包装的密封性。开箱取出部分螺栓后应原封包装好，以免沾染灰尘和腐蚀。Donotopenthepackagebeforeerection,andthepackageneedstobesealedasbeforetoavoidcontamination.5．4．4在安装过程中，应注意保护螺栓，不得沾染泥沙等赃物和碰伤螺纹。Duringtheerection,trytokeeptheboltingoodcondition,andanycontaminationordamageofscrewthreadisnotallowed.5．4．5高强度螺栓连接副的保管时间不应超过6个月。当由于停工、缓建等原因，保管周期超过6个月时，若再次使用必须按要求进行扭矩系数试验或紧固轴力试验，检验合格后方可使用。ThestoragetimeofHSBshalllessthansixmonths.Ifthestoragetimeismorethansixmonthsduetothesuspensionofproject,there-testoftorquecoefficientisrequiredbefore re-using.5．5质量记录Qualityrecord本工艺标准应具备以下质量记录：Thefollowingrecordsrequired:5．5．1高强度大六角头螺栓的出厂合格证。QualitycertificatefromHSBsupplier5．5．2高强度大六角头螺栓扭矩系数试（复）验报告。TorquecoefficienttestingrecordofHSB5．5．3高强度螺栓的初拧、终拧扭矩值。InitialandfinaltightenedtorquevalueofHSB.5．5．4施工用扭矩扳手的检查记录。Checkingrecordofappliedtorquewrench.5．5．5施工质量检查验收记录。Qualityinspectionrecord.六、测量施工工艺SurveyingTechnique管架施工测量的工作主要是根据业主提供的基准点，建立测控网，来复核土建施工单位施工完成的基础轴线、标高的误差，并根据测量的结果，会同管理公司、监理公司研讨修正方案，以满足安装的需要。SurveyingjobistorecheckthefoundationaxisandelevationcompletedbycivilcontractorwiththecontrolnetworkestablishedonthebenchmarkprovidedbyClient.Discusswithmanagementcorporationandsupervisingcompanysoastobringforwardaplanthatmeetstherequirementofinstallationwork. 6.1测量工作流程FlowChartforSurvey根据施工组织设计制定工程施工测量方案对现场移交的点位复测平面控制网高程控制网测量仪器设备准备测量人员准备钢柱的测量定位桁架的预拼装和吊装测量钢柱平面控制定位高程的控制平面控制点高程控制点地脚螺栓轴线标高复测桁架预拼装测量定位桁架吊装测量定位沉降测量记入档案6．2测控网的建立establishmentofmeasurecontrolnet7．2．1平面测控网的建立EstablishingofhorizontalControlNetwork 以“先整体到局部”“先控制后碎步”的原则，根据业主提供的道康宁亚洲支柱项目厂区控制点监测报告（十）的原始基准点为依据，建立一个导线控制网，并将控制点都在水泥地上做好标志。在测设过程中，选择通视良好的环境作控制点，根据施工现场的情况，我们选择了6个控制点BY3、BY4、BY5、BY6、BY7、BY8，建立如下的闭合导线网。Duringthemeasurework,itshouldcomplywiththeprinciplethat“theentiretytopart”“firstcontrolthenpart”tomeasure,accordingwiththeoriginalbasepointwhichsuppliedbyownertomeasure(DowCorningAsianPillarProject(Zhangjiagang)PlantAreaDatumPointMonitoringandSurveyReport(10)).Inordertoensuretheprecisionofcontroltoestablishthewirecontrolnet,thecontrolnetpointshouldmakethemarkontheground.Choosecontrolpointwithclearsight,whichwouldbeBY3、BY4、BY5、BY6、BY7、BY8accordingtositesituation,tosetupaclosednetwork. 测量控制点成果表如下Measurepointresultsareshownasfollows：TeamD测量控制网导线计算表点号观测角β坐标方位角α边长s△x△yxyFP05　1900144　　　　　DP02-5　-10-11339.81354.414790953891132326.8864.608326.854BY3-6-401344.408681.2671842331933457131.384-8.21131.127BY4-6-301336.194812.3941724041861532117.8867.692117.635BY5-5-501343.883930.0298225563484123160.082156.973-31.396BY6-5-401500.851898.63310804102764528126.10414.839-125.228BY7-6-401515.686773.40518106202775142125.13817.117-123.962BY8-5-8-11532.799649.44317124582691635261.505-3.303-261.484FP05-5　　1529.488387.9581004514　　∑=189.716∑=33.546　∑=10800043　∑=1248.985　　XFP05-XDP02=189.678YFP05-YDP02=33.544　fβ=+43"　　fx=0.038fy=0.002　　　　　　k=0.038/1248.985=1/32868　第124页共124页 6．2．2高程测控网的建立EstablishingofVerticalControlNetwork由于TeamD区域覆盖面大，而每个区域位置又相隔比较远，为了保证标高控制点能满足整个TeamD区域的标高精度，特建立闭合水准网。利用业主提供的原始高程控制点DP02、FP07，选择了几个能覆盖大部分区域的控制点来控制整个TeamD的标高，选择D1、D2、D3、D4、D5、D6、D7共7个标高控制点,使用水准仪测设出各个控制点的标高,控制点标高数据标注在混凝土基础上，并做好标识。标高控制点示意图如下：SinceTeamDcoversalargeareaandpartisfarawayfromeachother.Toensueaccuracy,weplantosetupaclosedelevationnetwork.ChoosetheoriginalelevationcontrolpointDP02、FP07suppliedbyClient,withelevationcontrolpointsD1、D2、D3、D4、D5、D6、D7tomarktheelevationofeachcontrolpoint.Thenmarktheelevationvaluesontheconcretefoundations.Elevationcontrolpointsareshownasbelow:6．3沉降观测settlementobservation为真实反映建筑物在施工期间沉降的实际情况，减少由于地基沉降变形引起的测量误差，导致钢结构安装精度的降低，及时采取合理的修正措施以而保证柱子、钢架、桁架的标高和平整度等符合设计要求，在施工过程中及工程完工后定期对结构进行沉降观测，并做好详细记录。Asatruereflectionofthebuildingsduringtheconstructionoftheactualsituationofthesettlementtoreducedeformationduetogroundsettlementcausedbymeasurementerror,resultinginthereductionofsteelinstalledontheaccuracy,timelinessoftheamendmenttotakereasonable第124页共124页 measurestoensurethatthepillars,steelframe,trusselevationandformationcomplywithdesignrequirements,etc.,inthecourseofconstructionandengineeringonaregularbasisaftercompletionofthestructureofsettlementobservationanddetailedrecordofdoingagoodjob.6．4测量精度保证措施Measurestoensureaccuracy6．4．1每次沉降观测时采用相同的路线和观测方法（采用环行闭合方法或往返闭合法），设置固定的置镜点与立尺点；Eachsettlementobservationusingthesameroutesandmethodsofobservation(usingtheringclosuremethodorfromtheclosedlegal),setuphomefixedlenspointandLi-footpoint6．4．2仪器至标尺的距离，最长不超过40m，每站的前后视距差不得大于0.3m，前后视距累积差不得大于1m，基辅差不得超过0.25m。Distancebetweenapparatusandrulershouldnotexceed40m.viewingdistancebetweenstationsshouldnotexceed0.3m.accumulatedviewingdistancebetweenstationsshouldnotexceed1m.6．4．3安排固定的观测人员。mainstationandaccessarystationdistanceshouldnotexceed0.25m.Thefixedobservingpersonnelshouldbearranged.6．4．4使用同一仪器和设备。Thesameequipmentandfacilityshouldbeused.七、垫板、二次灌浆工艺由于本项目分布区域较广，工作量大，同时，又由于二次灌浆工作的时效性较强（初凝、终凝时间的把握要准）及技术要求较高（配合比、密实度的要求较高），稍有不慎，会对工程质量造成严重的不利影响，故特此将其提出，作为重点，在质量技术交底中严格把关。Theareaoftheprojectistoolarge.Theworkingistooheavy,atthesametime,itshouldcontrolthetimeofconcreteandthesecondtimegrouting.(Initialsettingandfinalsettingtimetograspthepotential)andhightechnicalrequirements(mix,thedensityofthetime-demanding,andsoon),alittlecareless,thequalityoftheprojectwillcauseseriousadverseeffects;itwouldbelikeIt’sproposedasafocusofthetechnicalexplanationofthestrictqualitychecks.第124页共124页 7．1垫板工艺要求therequirementfortheshimplateprocess在基础交接验收后，即可进行垫板设置的工作。具体工艺如下：Afteracceptanceofthefoundation,itshouldbestartingtheworkingforconcrete.asfollowing:7．1．1准备工作：制作足够的垫板（尺寸120*100，厚度有20、16、10、5、2），准备好小型工具（凿子、锤子）Preparationworking:fabricatedshimplate(thesize120*100,thickness20、16、10、5、2），preparedthesmallequipment(hammer,chisel)7．1．2首先浆基础表面凿毛，以清除基础表面的浮浆层，对垫板设置的部位稍稍凿平稍低于其他部位，大小150㎜*120㎜，每个基础设置四组垫板，如下图所示：Firstly,thebasisofthesurfaceofplasma,toclearthebasisforfloatingonthesurfaceoftheplasmalayer,theseatoftheplasmasetupasitecarvedalittlehole,thedepthofabout30mm,aboutthesizeof200mm*150mm(basedonspecificseattothesizeoftheplasmablock,asfollowingthearrangementplan:7．1．3基础打凿完成后，清除打凿起的砼碎块，即可进行垫板的摆放，摆放时注意控制其顶标高（主要通过不同数量不同厚度的垫板来调节顶标高）。Afterfinishedthechipper,itshouldmovetheshiver,putthewateronthefoundationsurface,(butnotallowedcatchment.(itbaseontheshimplatetocontroltheelevation)第124页共124页 7．2二次灌浆施工艺constructionprocessthesecondtimegrouting7．2．1清理杂物，冲洗基础：二次灌浆之前，首先将柱础上杂物清理干净，然后对基础进行冲洗（一是将杂物冲洗干净，二是对基础进行充分湿润，但基表面不得有集水）；Cleaningthesundries,washingthefoundation:beforethesecondtimegrouting,firsttoremovethecontamination,thenwashingthefoundation.(washingthecontaminationwhichbelongstoconcrete,thennotleavingthewateronthefoundation)7．2．2支模Settingthemodule模板应严密，防止漏浆；Themoduleshouldbeseamedandnogroutshouldbelinked.7．2．3搅拌Stirring7．2．3．1严格按照灌浆料说明书的要求及配比进行配制、搅拌。Itshouldcomplywiththegroutinginstructionrequirementomakeupandmix.7．2．3．2搅拌注意事项：搅拌时，叶片应沿桶周边上下左右缓慢移动，以便桶底和桶壁上粘附的干料得以拌和；但搅拌叶不能提至灌浆料液面之上，以免空气带入灌浆料；Issuesshouldbepaidattentionto:whenstirring,thestirringmachineshouldmoveslowlybythesideofthebarrelsoallthegroutwillbestirred.Butthestirringmachineshouldnotbeuptothesurfacesotheairwillnotbeinthegrout.7．2．3．3灌浆Grouting搅拌好的灌浆料应及时灌浆。浇灌时，尽量从一侧注入，以便底座空气。必要时可用竹片等工具导流；灌浆开始后必须连续进行，不能间断。一个柱底灌浆必须控制在一个小时以内。Thegroutingjobshouldbeatoncewhenthestirringisfinished.Whengrouting,itshouldbedoneononesidetoavoidtheair.Thematerialsuchasbamboocanbeusedwhenitisnecessary.Thegroutingjobshouldbedonecontinuouslyandshouldnotstop.Toeachfoundationofonecolumn,thewholeperiodofgroutingshouldbecontrolledwithinonehour.7．3养护Maintains浇注后24小时内不得使灌浆层受到振动、碰撞，且在24小时内，必须对暴露在外的灌浆层抹平。第124页共124页 Afterthegroutingjob,thegroutinglayershouldnotbemovedorquakedwithin24hours.Andwithin24hours,thegroutingwhichisoutsideshouldbemadetobeflat.灌浆浇注后约三天时间，其强度可达到80%左右，即可以拆模。根据气温情况，覆盖湿草袋或布，并每天洒水2～6次进行养护，养护时间应在7天以上。Afterthreedayswhenfinishedthegrouting,thegroutlayerisformedandthemodulecanbedismantled.Thegrassbagorclothshouldbeputonthelayerandthewatershouldbesprayedby2---6timesoneday.Thewholemaintainingperiodshouldbeabove7days.八、防腐涂装方案AnticrrosionPaintingPlan8．1涂装工艺PaintingProcess8．1．1工艺流程图ProcessFlowDiagram(PFD)第124页共124页 8．1．2涂装工艺PaintingTechnique8．1．2．1确定修补范围ConfirmtheRegionsthatNeedsRepair检查构件外观，对所有在运输、倒运、现场焊接等过程中破坏的涂层用记号笔作好标记，并标记出打磨处理的范围；对于镀锌栏杆，除对损伤涂层的修补外，还需要全面涂装面漆。Checktheappearanceofmembers.Markallthedamagedcoatscausedduringtransportationandweldingbymarkingpen.Highlighttheareathatneedsgrinding.Forgalvanizedhandrailpainting,besidestherepairingofexistingdamage,overallpaintingshouldbecarriedout.8．1．2．2油漆、工具进场验收InspectionandAcceptanceofPaintandTools8．1．2．2．1钢结构防腐油漆、稀释剂和固化剂的品种、规格、性能应与要求相符，检查油漆产品的质量合格证明文件、中文标志及检验报告；普通钢构件补漆采用如下油漆系统：Thetype,specification,performanceofanticorrosionpaints,diluentsandhardenershouldmeettherequirements.Inspectthecategory,typeofpaintasperdrawings.Checkthequalitycertificates,Chinesesignsandinspectionreports.Thefollowingpaintsystemwillbeappliedforcommonsteelstructuremembers.第124页共124页 油漆名称Nameofpaint涂装顺序Coatingsequence油漆型号Typeofpaint常规厚度(um)Normalthickness范围(um)Range环氧漆（底漆）epoxypaint(primer)1stInterseal670HS125100-150环氧漆（中间漆）epoxyprimer(IntermediateCoat)2ndInterseal670HS125100-150聚氨酯面漆polyurethanetopcoat3rdInterthane9906050-70镀锌栏杆修补涂装油漆系统paintsystemforgalvanizedhandrailrepairwork油漆名称Nameofpaint涂装顺序Coatingsequence油漆型号Typeofpaint常规厚度(um)Normalthickness范围(um)Range环氧漆（底漆）epoxypaint(primer)1stInterseal670HS4030-50聚氨酯面漆polyurethanetopcoat2ndInterthane9906050-708．1．2．2．2检查补漆所用工具是否齐全，现场补漆均为刷涂，至少要备足以下油漆补漆工具：Checktomakesurewhetherthetoolsforpaintingarecompletely.Repairpaintatsiteisbrushwork.FollowingtoolsshouldbesufficientforRepairpainting:1）砂轮机；Grindingmachine2）钢丝刷（要求很细的钢丝刷）；Wirebrush(withthinsteelstrings)3）普通粗砂纸；Commonrawemerypaper4）油漆毛刷，毛刷必须为羊毛刷，且不能掉毛（应备几种规格）；Thetoolforbrushmustbegoathairbrushthatdoesnotlosshair(shouldhaveseveralspecifications)5）干净的抹布。Cleandustercloth8．1．2．2．3检查湿度计、温度计、漆膜测厚仪、带该度的玻璃量杯等各种配套仪表、器具是否齐全。Checkandmakesurethathygrometer,thermometer,paintfilmthicknessgauge,measuringglasswithvolumemarkandotherrelevantapparatusarecompleteandready.8．1．2．3环境条件的检测EnvironmentalConditionsTest检测环境条件的目的是为了确保油漆修补的质量，主要包括相对湿度、温度、露点温度。其各项指标条件如下：ThepurposeofEnvironmentalConditionsTestistoensurethequalityofrepairpaint.Thetestincludes:relativehumidity,temperature,dew-pointtemperature,withguidelineandconnectionsbelow:第124页共124页 油漆型号painttype环境温度条件ambienttemperature相对湿度要求relativehumidity高于露点温度higherthandew-pointtemperatureInterseal670HS5～40℃<85%3℃Interthane9905～40℃<80%3℃特别要求：SpecialRequirement在下列环境条件，涂装施工应停止进行。Underthefollowingcircumstances,paintingworkshouldbeceased.构件表面温度不高于环境空气露点温度3℃，或者相对湿度大于85%；Surfacetemperatureofmembersis3℃lower(orequals)thandew-pointtemperatureofambientair;orrelativehumidityishigherthan85%空气温度低于5℃；airtemperatureislowerthan5℃；当开始涂覆两个小时内有肯定的不良天气变化时；Whentherewillbebadweatherintwohoursafterthecommencementofpainting.当因下雨、冷凝、霜冻等天气条件下，在构件表面形成潮气层时；Iftherewerehumidityblanketonmembersbecauseofrain,condensationorfrost,etc.当涂装施工环境光照有效发光流量低于500Lux时。Iftheeffectivelightfluxoftheworkingenvironmentislowerthan500Lux8．1．2．4构件表面处理MemberSurfaceTreatment8．1．2．4．1构件表面处理主要是清理构件表面的污物，打磨修补部位。对于焊缝或油漆损坏较严重的部位，应用动力砂纸片和砂纸片打磨至钢构件金属表面，使该区域粗糙度达到St3级标准（非常彻底的手工和动力工具除锈）。Membersurfacetreatmentmainlyincludesremovingofthedirtonthesurfaceandgrindingofrepairedarea.Forweldingseamsandseriousdamagearea,usedynamicalgrindingpaperandgrindingpapertogrindtothemetalsurfaceofmembers.MakesureroughnessofthatareareachesST3level(verycompleteandsufficientde-rustingwithhandworkandpowertool)。8．1．2．4．2对于龟裂的涂层，需将龟裂处涂层彻底打磨掉，并达到规定的粗糙度要求后再进行油漆的修补。Forcrackedcoats,grindthecoatinthecrackareacompletelytoreachrequiredroughness,andthencommercetherepairpaintwork.第124页共124页 8．1．2．4．3对于轻微损伤的涂层，不需打磨太深，只需进行适度打磨即可进行修补，修补可直接用Interthane990面漆。Forcrackedandslightlyscratchedcoats,donotgrindtoohard.OnlygrindtothebasecoatforrepairingwithInterthane990top-coat.8．1．2．4．4修补的区域不宜太小，要与原有涂层有30～50㎜的搭接，要求打磨成一定的坡度，以保证修补涂层与原涂层平缓过度；Therepairingareashouldnotbetoosmall.Thereshouldhave30~50mmadjoiningareawiththepre-existingcoat.Thegrindingshouldhavesomegradienttoinsuretherepairedcoatconnectswellwiththepre-existingcoat.8．1．2．5油漆修补涂装RepairingPaint油漆修补需在白天或有充分照明的环境下进行。Repairpaintworkshouldbecarriedoutindaylightorwithsufficientillumination.被修补涂层及基层的表面应干燥，无任何污染物（用干净的抹布充分擦净）。Thesurfacesofrepairedcoatandtheprimarycoatshouldbedryandwithoutanycontaminant(Removethemwithcleandustercloth)8．1．2．5．1Interseal670HS油漆的涂装paintingofInterseal670HSpaint油漆A、B组份的调配必须依说明书进行。稀释剂的用量根据现场实际情况确定，通常不需要加稀释剂，只有当油漆太稠刷不开时才少量加入，应严格控制，最大用量不超过5%。严禁任意加入稀释剂。TheblendingofgroupAandgroupBshouldfollowtheinstruction.Thequantityofdiluentsshouldbedeterminedaccordingtothesiteconditions.Usuallyneednodiluting,usediluentswhenthepaintistoothickandthebrushdoesn’tgosmoothly,butnomorethan5%.Donotusediluentsatwill.在Interseal670HS底漆涂装后，待其硬干后（Interseal670HS涂层在10°C时完全干燥需要32小时以上）再进行Interseal670HS中间漆的涂装；WhenIntergrad670HSprimerispaintedandharddry(whichneedsmorethan32hoursat10°C),commercethepaintingofIntergrad670HSintermediatecoat.Interseal670HS底漆涂层硬干后需用漆膜测厚仪进行测试，当漆膜厚度达到规定厚度后，需对上道漆层进行适当打磨，方可进行下道涂层的涂装施工。UsepaintfilmthicknessgaugetoinspectwhenIntergrad670HSprimerisharddry.Grindthepreviouscoatwhenthethicknessofpaintmeetstherequirement.Whentheaboveprocedureisdone,第124页共124页 nextpaintingprocedurecanbecommenced.不同温度条件下Interseal670HS重涂间隔时间Interseal670HSre-coatintervaltimeunderdifferenttemperatures温度temp.表干TouchDry硬干HardDry自重涂间隔Re-coatbyself最小Min.最大Max.10℃8小时hrs32小时hrs32小时hrs无Extended15℃7小时hrs26小时hrs26小时hrs无Extended25℃5小时hrs18小时hrs18小时hrs无Extended40℃2小时hrs6小时hrs6小时hrs无Extended底漆和中间漆的漆膜厚度如达不到，应按规定的程序再次进行Intergrad670HS油漆的涂刷。Ifthethicknessofprimercoatandintermediatecoatdoesn’tmeettherequirement,redothepaintingofIntergrad670HSasperregulation.8．1．2．5．2Interthane990面漆的涂装paintingofInterthane990topcoat面漆的施工应在底漆、中间漆修补结束，并对上道涂层表面做彻底清洁，去除漆膜表面的灰尘、油污等杂物，以及漆雾、流挂和刷痕后，才允许进行。PaintingofInterthane990topcoatshouldbecommencedwhentherepairpaintofprimercoatandintermediatecoatisdoneandthesurfaceofpreviouspaintingprocedurehasbeencleared.Dustsandgreaser,paintmist,sagging,brushmark,etconthesurfaceofcoatshouldbeRemovedbeforecommencingthetopcoatwork.油漆A、B组份的调配必须依说明书进行。稀释剂GTA733的加入量应根据天气和设备的状况进行调整，一般在5～10%左右。严禁任意加入稀释剂。TheblendingofgroupAandgroupBshouldfollowtheinstruction.ThequantityofGTA733diluentsshouldbedeterminedaccordingtothesiteandequipmentconditions.Usuallyuse5%diluents.Donotusediluentsatwill.不同温度条件下Interthane990表干、硬干和覆涂间隔时间:Touchdry,harddryandre-coatintervaltimeofInterthane990underdifferenttemperatures温度temp表干TouchDry硬干HardDry重涂间隔Re-coatbyself最小Min.最大Max.5℃5hrs24hrs24hrs无Extended15℃2．5hrs10小时hrs10小时hrs无Extended第124页共124页 25℃1．5hrs6小时hrs6小时hrs无Extended40℃1hrs3hrs3hrs无ExtendedInterthane990面漆硬干后对漆膜厚度进行测试，应达50～70um。如达不到，应用砂纸适当打磨后再次涂刷Interthane990一遍。InspectthethicknessofInterthane990topcoatwhenitistouchingdry.Thicknessshouldrangefrom50to70um.Ifthethicknessdoesnotmeettherequirement,grindwithrawemerypaperandthenredotheInterthane990painting.8．1．2．5．3镀锌栏杆的油漆修补涂装Repairpaintworkforgalvanizedhandrail镀锌栏杆损伤修补参考上述修补工艺，底漆修补后全部镀锌栏杆按规定厚度涂刷面漆。Refertotheabove-mentionedtechniqueforrepairpaintingofgalvanizedhandrail.Paintthegalvanizedhandrailasperrequiredstandardwhenprimercoatisdone.8．2质量控制和质量保证措施QualityMeasures8．2．1为确保涂装质量，油漆的调配必须由专人进行，严格依说明书进行调配；配比如下：Theblendingofpaintsshouldbedonebydesignatedperson.Followtheinstructiontoinsurethequalityofpainting.Theratioofblendingisshowedbelow:油漆名称Nameofpaint配比（体积比）volumeratio稀释剂diluents稀释剂用量AmountofdiluentsInterseal670HSA组份（基料）：B组份（固化剂）=5.67:1groupA（base）:groupB(hardener)=5.67:1GTA220通常不需要进行稀释，在油漆涂刷不开时适量加入。Usuallyneednodiluting,usediluentswhenthepaintistoothickandthebrushdoesn’tgosmoothlyInterthane990A组份（基料）：B组份（固化剂）=6:1groupA（base）:groupB(hardener)=6:1GTA733稀释剂加入量根据天气和设备状况进行调整，一般在5～10%左右。Quantityofdiluentsusedshouldaccordingtothetemperature,usuallyuse5%～8%调配技术：先对A组份(基料)搅拌均匀后，再加入B组份(固化剂)彻底搅拌。Blendingtechnique:stirupgroupA,mixwithgroupBandstirup油漆必须在其混合使用寿命时间内涂装，一旦混合使用时间超过规定，不得再使用，否则易产生固化不良和粘附力差等情况。油漆混合使用寿命详见下表：Onlyuseblendedpaintintheirvalidperiod.Donotuseexpiredpainttoavoidbadsolidificationandpooradhesion.Refertothefollowingchartforvalidperiod.Interseal670HS混合使用寿命PotLifeforIntergseal670HS第124页共124页 温度temperature10℃15℃25℃40℃混合使用时间PotLifehrs5小时hrs3小时hrs2小时hrs1小时hrsInterthane990混合使用寿命PotLifeofInterthane990温度temperature5℃15℃20℃40℃混合使用时间PotLifetime12小时hrs4小时hrs2小时hrs45分钟mins8．2．2干膜厚度应当在每一涂层完成，干燥（硬干）后进行。DryFilmThicknessshouldbecarriedoutwheneachcoatingisdried(harddry)8．2．3前一工序完成，质检员必须先进行自检，合格后再请求监理及管理公司油漆工程师进行复验。复验合格后再进行下道工序的施工；Onlycanpaintingprocedureiscommencedwhenthepreviousprocedureisinspectedandacceptedbythepaintengineerofsupervisingcompanyandmanagementcompany.8．2．4所有涂装工人，必须经过国际油漆公司技术人员的培训；AllpaintersshouldhavetrainingbytechnicianfromInternationalPaintCompany.8．2．5油漆涂装完成但未硬干之前，对油漆涂装区域用警界绳拉起，禁止无关人员靠近构件；Wetpaintareashouldbeseparatedwithwarningfencetostopthecrossingofirrelevantpeople.8．2．6关注天气预报，精确到未来四小时之内的天气情况，油漆涂装后4h内应避免雨淋。根据天气情况随时调整涂装计划。Payattentiontoweatherforecastinthecomingtwohours,adjustpaintingplanaccordingtoweather.8．2．7配备检测工具、器具、规范，有效控制涂装质量。检测工具报管理公司、监理工程师审查通过后方可使用，具体仪器名称数量如下：Equipwithcompletespecialdetectinginstrumentsandreporttomanagementcompanyandsupervisingcompanyforinspection.Onlyusequalifiedinstruments.Titleandquantityofinstrumentsareshowedbelow:干膜测厚仪Dryfilmthicknessgauge：1个；相对湿度计relativehumiditymeter：1个；表面温度计surfacethermometer：1个；第124页共124页 需要的标准、规范。Standardsandspecificationrequired8．2．8检查要点keypointofinspection8．2．8．1表面处理检查要点keypointofsurfacetreatmentinspection清洁度、粗糙度、油污、环境条件（气温、相对湿度、表面温度、露点）。Cleanness,roughness,grease,environmentalcondition(temperature,relativehumidity,surfacetemperature,dewpoint)构件打磨检查合格,表面清理干净后，立即进行底漆的涂装，以免生锈。Toavoidrust,executetheprimerpaintingimmediatelyoncethengrindingisdoneandacceptedbyinspector.8．2．8．2施工检查要点keypointofconstructioninspection施工设备、混合、稀释、搅拌、涂料储存、补涂、干膜厚度、环境条件。Equipment,blending,dilution,mixing,storageofpaints,repairpaint,dryfilmthickness,environmentalcondition8．2．8．3完工检查要点keypointofcompletioninspection完工面漆：色泽均匀、无流挂、无漆雾、无污染；构件的标志、标记和编号应清晰完整。Completedtopcoat:smoothcolor,nopaintmist,nosagging,nocontamination；thesings、marksandS/N.Ofmembersshouldbeclearandcomplete.缺陷：无针孔、无气泡、无漏刷。Flaw:nopinhole,noairbubble,noforgottenarea干膜厚度：根据规定的最低/最高厚度。Dryfilmthickness:min/maxthicknessasperrequirement.8．3安保措施SafetyMeasures8．3．1油漆涂装现场及存放仓库严禁烟火；Fireisstrictlyprohibitedatpaintingareaandstorageareaforpaints.8．3．2油漆存放仓库和施工现场必须配备灭火器；Fire-extinguishershouldbeequippedatthewarehouseandconstructionsite.8．3．3油漆仓库设专人管理，未经许可不得随便进入；Warehouseofpaintshouldbemanagedbydesignatedperson.Onlyauthorizepersoncanenterthe第124页共124页 warehouse.8．3．4严格执行道康宁工地管理要求，在打磨工作开始前办理动火许可手续，油漆涂装前办理油漆涂装许可手续；ObeythesiteregulationsofDowCorning.Applyforfirepermitbeforegrindingworks.Applyforpaintingpermitbeforepaintingwork.8．3．5所有涂装人员必须配戴专用的口罩，以防油漆中毒；Allpaintersshouldwearspecialmasktopreventpoisoning.8．3．6涂装部位做好防护措施（在地面补漆时用塑料布将地面铺垫好，所有的油漆用具都放置在专用的铁皮盘内），以免油漆对其他构件或环境造成污染。Paintingareashouldhaveprotectingmeasurestoavoidpollutiontoothermembersandtheenvironment(useplasticclothwhendoingpaintingontheground.Allpaintingequipmentshouldbeplacedinspecialtrays).九、安全技术措施safetymeasures；根据道康宁、东洋公司安全管理要求，以本工程每条管架的特点，大量采用钢管脚手架、生命绳、笼梯、挂笼、活动操作架台等安全措施，现场每种安全措施的做法、特点及适用范围分别详加叙述，现场施工时根据现场情况灵活选择。AccordingtorequirementsofDowCorningandTOYOsitecondition,thevolumeofuseofsteelpipescaffold,liferope,cageladders,hangingcage,activitiesetc.tooperateaircraftsafetymeasures,securitymeasuresatthesceneofeachpractice,characteristicsandscopeofapplicationweredescribedindetail,on-siteduringtheconstructionofthesituationinaccordancewiththeflexibilitytochoose.9．1钢管脚手架steeltubescaffold钢管脚手架材料选用φ48*3.5钢管，平台板选用50厚木板或钢跳板。脚手架型式分为落地脚手架、通道脚手架、脚手架短梯三种形式，主要用于较高的管架结构（如21a管架）。φ48*3.5steeltubeand50mmthickwoodenboardorsteelplatewillbeusedtomakescaffold.Therewillbelandingscaffoldandaccessscaffoldandshortscaffoldladder.Mainlyforhighpiperack(like21aPR)9．1．1落地脚手架landingscaffold第124页共124页 落地脚手架于门型钢架吊装完成后搭设，主要为桁架及梁的安装提供安全操作平台，搭设部位位于门型钢架背向桁架的一侧（以下简称形式一）或是长轴的外侧（以下简称形式二），两种形式脚手架搭设图如下，在施工时根据现场实际情况选用。Landingscaffoldhoistingasteelframeafterthecompletionoferection,mainlytheinstallationoftrussesandbeamstoprovideasafeoperatingplatform,erectionsiteislocatedatPortalsteeltrussbackside(hereinafterreferredtoasthetypeone)orthelongaxisofthelateral(hereinafterreferredtoastypetwo),twoformsofscaffoldingerectionplanareasfollows,intheconstructionoftheactualsituationinaccordancewiththesceneselection.9．1．1．1形式一脚手架typeonescaffold9．1．1．1．1细部尺寸size：搭设部位如下图所示：9．1．1．1．2形式一脚手架效果图typeonescaffoldillustration：第124页共124页 人员上下的通道采用脚手架钢管梯，横管长度为1.5米，间距不超过300㎜，根据现场安装的需要合理设置操作平台和休息平台，但两平台之间的高差不得超过4米。Scaffoldpoleladderwillbeusedforpassagewayforpersonnel.Transversetubule(Ttubule)willbe1.5meterslongwithintervalspacelessthan300㎜.Settingofoperationplatformandrestplatformcouldbeadjustedaccordingtositeinstallationneed.Buttheheightdifferencebetweentwoplatformsshallnotexceed4meters.第124页共124页 9．1．1．2形式二脚手架typetwoscaffold9．1．1．2．1细部尺寸size：搭设部位如下图所示buildingarea：部位一：钢柱外侧：部位二：钢柱内侧9．1．1．2．2形式二脚手架效果图typetwoscaffoldillustration：第124页共124页 9．1．2通道脚手架acessscaffold脚手架通道主要是搭设在已完成的结构上，作为上层结构安装时操作人员的安全操作平台及安全通道，根据现场情况，我们在立体桁架组装完成，吊装前就搭好脚手架通道(沿桁架两侧，各搭设一个)，桁架吊装完成后，通道脚手架与双排落地脚手架相连接，人以便施工人员的安全通行。Scaffoldaccessmainlywillbesetincompletedstructure,whichwillserveassafetyoperationplatformandsafetyacessforworkmanduringinstallation.Accordingtositecondition,scaffoldaccess(onescaffoldaccessalongbothsidesoftruss)shouldbedonebeforeassemblinganderectionoftruss.第124页共124页 Scaffoldaccessandlandingscaffoldwillbeconnectedtoserveassafetyaccessforworkman.安全通道脚手架具体做法如下图所示makingofsafetyaccessscaffoldisshownasbelow：脚手架通道效果图桁架组装、通道搭设完成之效果图9．1．3脚手架短梯shortscaffoldladder脚手架短梯主要用于在桁架安装完成后，搭设在上下两层脚手架平台之间，作为两层平台间的垂直通道，如下所示为短梯搭设完成后效果图：shortscaffoldladderwillbeusedasverticalaccessbetweentwolayersofplatformswhentrussis第124页共124页 installed.Itwillbesetbetweentwolayersofscaffoldplatforms.Seepicturebelow:9．1．4搭设工艺installationtechnique9．1．4．1工艺流程图workflow第124页共124页 9．1．4．2工艺说明technicalinstruction9．1．4．2．1准备工作preparationwork脚手架搭设工程的施工准备工作包括三部分内容，即技术准备部分、物资准备、现场准备。Thepreparationworkforscaffoldconstructionincludesthreeparts,i.e.technicalpreparation,materialpreparationandsitepreparation.9．1．4．2．1．1技术准备technicalpreparation技术准备的内容包括方案的编制、审查、技术交底、架子工的进场掊训等工作。依工程需要，脚手架必须编制专项施工方案，并要求通过监理公司、管理公司的审批后方可实施；架子工必须持有效架子工上岗资格证，并且已完成道康宁安全培训后方可进场施工。Technicalpreparationincludesthecompilationandauditionofplan,technicalexplanationandtrainingofscaffolders.Accordingtothesiterequirement,amethodstatementshouldbecompiledforscaffoldandgetapprovalfrommanagementcompanyandsupervisingcompanybeforework.ScaffoldersshouldhavequalifiedcertificatesandpassthesafetytrainingbyDowCorningbeforeconstruction.第124页共124页 9．1．4．2．1．2物资准备materialpreparation物资的准备主要内容是脚手架材料的进场（脚手架板、脚手架管、扣件等）、施工用小型工具（扳手等）的进场。物资的进场要严格依照道康宁、东洋公司、上海协同公司的各项管理规定进行检查、验收，合格后方可进场使用。Materialpreparationincludestheenteringofscaffoldmaterials(scaffoldboard,scaffoldtubes,fasteners)andsmalltoolsforconstruction(spanner).EnteringofmaterialsshouldbeinspectedandapprovedbyDowCorning,TOYOandTJU.9．1．4．2．1．3现场准备sitepreparation现场准备工作的内容主要是指施工许可证、施工区域安全隔离、现场架基的处理三项工作。Sitepreparationincludesworkpermit,safetyseparationofconstructionareaandtreatmenttoframebaseatsite.脚手架施工许可证的办理同其他工种施工许可证的办理程序一样，在施工许可证办理完成后，方可进行拉搭设施工；Workpermitforscaffoldconstructionhasthesameapplyingprocedurewithotherdisciplines.Workcanbecarriedoutwhentheworkpermitisapproved.现场的安全隔离主要是用警界绳将施工区隔离开来，并挂好好明显的安全禁令标志，如“禁止通行”。Separatetheconstructionareafromotherareaswithwarningrope.Hangupclearsafetysigns.e.g.NOENTRY架基的处理是指根据脚手架计算书承载力的要求及现场地面实际情况，对地面进行合理的处理（如夯实），以使其满足脚手架搭设的需要。根据本工程目前情况，大部分区域场地情况较为理想，不需要做过多的处理，只需要按照规范要求，在搭设前在地面上摆好木板（厚50㎜），摆平摆正即可。Treatmenttoframebasemeansreasonabletreatmenttotheground(tamping)tomeettherequirementforscaffoldfixing.Thetreatmentshouldbedoneasperbearingcapacitycalculationofscaffoldandtheconditionofsite.Mostareasarenearlyidealforconstruction,sothereisnoneedfortoomuchtreatment.Setwoodenplatesteadily(50㎜thick)onthegroundbeforeworkingasperspecifications.9．1．4．2．2脚手架的搭设9．1．4第124页共124页 ．2．2．1根据搭设脚手架的尺寸要求，选取合适尺寸的脚手架管、脚手架板等。本工程脚手架需要材料尺寸如下：Choosesuitablescaffoldtubesandscaffoldboardsaspertherequirementofinstallation.Thespecificationofmaterialsneededinthisprojectareasfollows:横杆：1.6米长；transom:1.6meters立杆：3米、6米均可；uprightpole:3metersor6meters斜撑：2.5米；inclinedstrut/bracing:2.5meters梯步杆：1.6米；ladderpole:1.6meters脚手架板：宽220～250㎜，长度1.6米长。Scaffoldboard:220～250㎜ofwidth,1.6meterslong9．1．4．2．2．2扫地杆的搭设，根据图纸要求，扫地杆离地面高约200㎜，中间四根扫地杆两两相互垂直交叉，用扣件锁紧，紧紧箍住柱子基础。外围四根扫地杆与中间四根扫地杆用扣件锁紧；Fixingofbottomtransom.Accordingtothedrawing,bottomtransomisabout200㎜fromground.Fourbottomtransomsinthecenterareverticaltoeachother.Usefastenertolockthemtothebaseofthecolumn.Fourbottomtransomsoutsideshouldbeboundtothetransomsinthecenter.9．1．4．2．2．3第一节立杆的搭设，扫地杆搭设完成后，即可进行立杆的搭设，立杆的搭设顺序是先进行井架四角部位立杆的搭设，同时将两个扫地杆与立杆用扣件锁紧（只有这样才能保证立杆不会翻倒）；四个角的立杆搭设完成后，再在每两个立杆间加安几根横杆，使其形成稳定的空间结构，然后进行井架跨中部位立杆的搭设，每根立杆必至少同时与两根横杆锁紧，以保证不会翻倒；Fixingoffirstsectionuprightpole.Fixingoffirstsectionuprightpolecanbeexecutedwhenthebottomtransomsarefixed.thefixingsequenceis:firstly,fixinguprightpolesatthefourcornersofthewell-shapedframeandbindtwobottomtransomstouprightpoleswithfasteners.Secondly,addseveraltransomsbetweeneverytwouprightpolestoformasteadyconstruction.Finally,fixuprightpolesinthecenterofthewell-shapedframe.Everyuprightpoleshouldbelockedwithtwotransomstoavoidfalling.9．1．4．2．2．4第一节立杆校正，立杆固定后，根据图纸对立杆步纵距、横距进行调整校正，校正完成后用扫地杆及上方根横杆（横杆间距不得大于2米）锁紧，保证其尺寸不会有过大变动；Calibrationoffirstsectionuprightpole.Whentheuprightpoleisfixed,calibratethelongitudinal第124页共124页 distanceandtransversespaceofuprightpole.Usebottomtransomandthetransomaboveit(spacebetweentransomsshouldnotexceedtwometers)tolocktheuprightpoletopreventthechangeofsize.9．1．4．2．2．5第一节梯步、斜撑管的搭设，第一节立杆搭设完成后，进行脚手架梯及第一节立杆上剩余横杆、斜撑的搭设；如图纸所示，梯步安装在井架的内侧，其间距不以不超过300㎜为宜。Fixingofladderandinclinedstrut.Whenfirstsectionuprightpolesarefixed,executetheinstallationofladderandtransomsandinclinedstrutthatareleftabovefirstsectionuprightpole.Ladderwillbeinstalledinsidethewell-shapedframeasperthedrawing.Thespacebetweenthemshallnotexceed300㎜.9．1．4．2．2．6第一节操作架台的搭设，第一节操作架台离扫地杆的高度应保证在4米以内，具体高度根据柱子节点灵活调整。同时，操作平台部位的横杆必须与钢柱相连接（用中间两两相互正交的横杆将钢柱夹紧，钢柱与横杆间垫上胶皮，以免损伤油漆），以保证井架的稳定性；脚手架板与横杆间采用铁丝绑扎牢固。在平台的四周，用脚手板做好踢脚板，高度不小20mm，用铁丝牢牢将其绑扎在立杆上；Fixingoffirstsectionoperationplatform.Theheightbetweenfirstsectionoperationplatformandbottomtransomsshouldbekeptinmeters.Theactualheightwillbeadjustedasperthenodes.Transomsofoperationplatformshouldbeconnectedtosteelcolumn(bindthecolumnwithtransomsinthecentre.Userubberbetweentransomsandcolumnstoavoiddamagetopaint)toensurethestabilityofwell-shapedframe.Usewiretobindthescaffoldboardandtransoms.Usescaffoldboardtoformkickplatearoundtheplatform.Theheightshouldbehigherthan20mm.usewiretobindittouprightpole.9．1．4．2．2．7检查尺寸、安装护拦，操作平台脚手架板搭设完成后，再次检查井架尺寸，无误后进行操作平台护栏的安装，需要校正。护拦的安装同横杆的安装相同，操作平台护拦的间距不应超过600㎜；Checkthesize,installhandrail.Whenscaffoldboardofoperationplatformisdone,checkthesizeofwell-shapedframeagain.Whenthereisnoproblem,installhandrailforoperationplatform.Thiswillneedcalibration.Installationofhandrailisthesamewiththatoftransoms.Spacebetweenhandrailsshouldnotexceed600㎜.9．1．4．2．2．第124页共124页 8二节以上井架的搭设，护栏安装完成后，进行第二节井架的搭设，直到完成整个井架的搭设（搭设的具体时间根据钢结构安装的进度要求来安排），搭设的顺序、方法同第一节井架的搭设。Fixingofwell-shapedframemorethantwosections.Whenhandrailsareinstalled,executethefixingofsecondsectionwell-shapedframeuntilthewholeframeiscompleted(thefixingtimewillbeaccordingtoinstallationscheduleofsteelstructure).thesequenceandmethodoffixingisthesamewithfirstsectioninstallation.注意事项mattersneedattention：为了确保井架受力均匀合理，在梯子搭设时，每一梯段尽量不要安排在井架的同一个立面，尽可能交错安排在不同的立面上；Toensuretheforceuponwell-shapedframeisuniformlydistributed,avoidinstallallladdersectionatthesamefaçadeoftheframe.Distributethemequallyatdifferentfacades.脚手架管、脚手架板等材料的垂直运输采用绳索配合定滑轮的方法（用一根悬挑的脚手架管来悬挂定滑轮），动力来源为人力。Theverticaltransportationofscaffoldtubesandscaffoldboardsshouldbeexecutedwithropeandcrownblock(useacantileverscaffoldtubetofixthecrownblock).TheSourceofpowerwillbemanpower.9．1．4．2．3脚手架的检查验收9．1．4．2．3．1在搭设过程中，每搭设一层检查、验收一次；在搭设完成正常使用期间，每周检查、验收一次；Duringconstruction,carryoutinspectionwheneachlayerisdone.Duringthenormalusingperiod,inspectandacceptonceperweek.9．1．4．2．3．2每经历一次灾害性天气检查、验收一次（台风、暴雨等），检查架体本身是否受损，基础是否泡水等，并做好详细记录；Inspectionandacceptanceshouldbeexecutedafterdisastrousweather(typhoon,storm,etc.).Checkwhetherthescaffoldbodyisdamaged,whetherbasehasbeenflooded.Detailedrecordshouldbekept.9．1．4．2．3．3节假日前后各检查、验收一次，节前检查架体是否有松动、损坏，修复后方可休假；节后上班前检查架体是否有变动、损坏，以免影响正常使用；Executeinspectionandacceptancebeforeandaftervacation.Checkwhetherscaffoldisloosenordamaged.Repairworkshouldbedonebeforeleaving.Checkwhetherscaffoldischangedordamagedtoensuretheworkschedule.第124页共124页 9．1．4．2．3．4修改、变更后检查、验收一次，确保架体的安全可靠。Carryoutinspectionandacceptanceafterchangeorrepairtoensurethesafetyandreliabilityofscaffolds.9．1．4．2．4脚手架的拆除随着结构的安装完成，脚手架的拆除工作也随之开始。拆除顺序与安装正好相反。具体步聚如下：Whenthestructureinstallationisdone,commencethedismantlingofscaffold.Thesequenceofdismantlingisoppositetothatofinstallation.Stepsshownasfollows:准备工作，拆除工作开始前，依道康宁及东洋工程公司相关程序要求，办理拆除作业许可证，对可能影响到的区域拉好警界线，安排专人看护，任何人员不得入内；Preparationwork.ApplyforworkpermitasperrequirementofDowCorningandTOYO.Beforedismantlingsetwarninglineforrelatedarea.Designatepersonneltoavoidadmittancewithoutpermission.脚手架的拆除：首先进行顶层架的拆除，然后依次进行下层的拆除，直到整个井架拆除完成。拆除时所有材料的垂直运输同搭设时一样，采用定滑轮配合绳索将材料送到地面。所不同的是，拆除时定滑轮的固定部位是位于结构的梁上（选取一个在平台板铺设后便于拆除的部位挂定滑轮）。Dismantlingofscaffold.Dismantletheframeonthetopfirst,andthendismantlethebellowingonesuntilthewholestructureisdismantled.Duringdismantling,verticaltransportationofallmaterialsshouldbeexecutedwithropeandcrownblock.Duringthisprocess,thefixingpointofcrownblockisthebeamofthestructure(chooseapointwhoseplatformboardiseasytodismantleforthefixingofcrownblock).9．1．4．2．5脚手架清理出场拆除的管件、脚手架板等，及时清理干净，运输出现场，尽快给后续的工作让出施工空间。现场清理工作与拆除工作穿叉进行，当天拆除的脚手架尽量当天清理出场，Dismantledtubes,scaffoldboardsshouldbecleanedoutthesitetimely,sotherewillhaveenoughspaceforthefollowingconstruction.Dismantlingworkandcleaningworkwillbeperformedalternately.9．1．5安全管理措施9．1．5．1所有第124页共124页 脚手架设一专职人员管理，负责脚手架的检查、修改等一切脚手架工作的安排与协调；修改或拆除前，必须提供书面的方案报东洋及监理公司批准，再由专职负责人统一安排拆除或修改工作，其他人员不得擅自修改、拆除；Allscaffoldsshouldbemanagedbydesignatepersonnel.Thisverypersonwillarrangeandcoordinateinspection,alterationandotheractivitiesconcerningscaffolds.Beforerepairordismantling,writtenplanshouldbesubmittedtoTOYOandsupervisingcompanyforapproval.Designatedpersonnelwillcarryouttherepairingordismantlingwork.Otherpersonnelarenotallowedtoperformrepairingordismantlingwork.9．1．5．2每周进行一次脚手架安全检查，发现问题及时整改，做详细记录；Checksafetystatusofscaffoldseveryweek.Solvetheproblemandmakedetailedrecords.9．1．5．3节假日前后，必须对所有脚手架进行全面检查；Executeoverallinspectionforallscaffoldsbeforeandaftervacation.9．1．5．4灾前灾后，必须进行全面检查，并做好详细记录；Overallinspectionshouldbecarriedoutwithdetailedrecordsbeforeandafterfire.9．1．5．5台风、暴雨等恶劣天气来临前，应对脚手架进行加固，以免造成损伤影响后期正常工作；恶劣天气过后，对脚手架进行全面深入检查，做好详细记录，遇有损伤及时修复，做好修复记录；Reinforcescaffoldsbeforebadweatherliketyphoonandstormtoavoiddamageandtheworkingschedule.Overallinspectionwithdetailedrecordsshouldbeexecutedafterbadweather.Repairthedamagetimelyandkeeprepairingrecords.9．1．5．6所有合格的脚手架，在梯子部位，挂检查合格证；所有不合格或是在整改中的脚手架，禁止一切人员的使用，挂好禁止使用标志牌；Hanginspectioncertificateatthepositionofladdersforallqualifiedscaffolds.Allunqualifiedscaffoldsorscaffoldsunderrepairingareprohibitedtouse.HangDONOUSEtagsorsigns.9．1．5．7在施工过程中，对所使用的扳手等小型工具必须用绳索系牢，以免坠落伤人；Duringconstruction,allsmalltoolslikespannershouldbefastenedwithropetoavoidfallingandinjury.9．1．5．8所有使用的工具做好台帐，下班前交仓库保管，并做好详细领用记录，千万不可将工具滞留在操作平台或是其他高空部位；Alltoolsshouldgetregistered.Handbacktoolstowarehousebeforeleavingandkeepdetailedrecords.Donotlefttoolsonoperationplatformoranyotherhighplaces.第124页共124页 9．1．5．9严格按照道康宁、东洋公司、上海协同监理的管理程序办理施工手续。ExecuteconstructionproceduresasperrequirementsofDowCorning,TOYOandTJU.9．2生命绳Lifeline生命线作为安全措施在结构安装中应用最广乏，拉设方便，用于所有结构的安装中，为高空作业人员提供安全保障。Lifelineasasafetymeasureinstalledinthestructureoftheapplicationofthemostwidelyhypoxia,pull-basedconvenientfortheinstallationofallstructures,inordertoworkhighabovethestafftoprovidesecurity.9．2．1连接方法Connectionmethod利用已有钢梁，在钢梁上用脚手架钢管和钢板扣作夹具，将脚手架管固定在钢梁上作为生命线立柱，立柱间距不大于8米，生命线采用9mm镀锌钢绳，具体做法如下图所示：Makeuseofexistingsteelgirder,steelgirderusedinthesteelpipeandsteelscaffoldingdeductionforthefixturewillbefixedinthesteeltubescaffolding,asthelifelineofpost.Spacebetweenuprightpolesshouldnotexceed8meters.9mmgalvanizedsteelropewillbeusedaslifeline.Seepicturebelow:第124页共124页 钢梁脚手管支架9．2．2承载力验算bearingcapacitycalculation直径9mm的生命绳，其抗拉强度为1670MPa，则生命绳可承受最大拉力为（3.14×9）÷4×1670＝113384N＝113.4kNTensilestrengthoflifelinewithdiameterof9mmis1670MPa,sothemaximumtensileloadoflifelineis（3.14×9）÷4×1670＝113384N＝113.4kN设悬掉重物时，钢丝绳与水平方向夹角为3度，则其能承受的竖向重量为113.4×2×sin3°11.86kN，按一个操作工人1.5kN重量，强度满足。所以生命绳满足强度要求。Whenliftingaheavyload,theangleofbetweensteelwireandhorizontaldirectionis3degrees,thereforetheverticalbearingcapacitywouldbe113.4×2×sin3°=11.86kN，suppose1.5kNforeachoperator,thebearingcapacityoflifelinemeetstherequirement.9．2．3生命线承载力试验准备2个1kN的沙袋，用吊机悬挂在高于3米高的部位（绳子打活结），在重物下方设置生命绳，并将沙袋用安全带系在生命绳上，如下图所示：Preparetwosandbags.Usecranehooktohangupthebagsattheheightofaboutthreemeters(tieslipknotforline),setbodyharnessunderheavyobject.Tiesandbagstolifelinewithbodyharness.Seetheillustrationbelow:第124页共124页 在进行试验前，拉好警界绳，人员远离试验区域至少6米以上；Beforeexperiment,setwarningline.Personnelshouldbeatleast6metersawayfromexperimentarea.试验时，地面人员牵引绳索，拉开活结，使其坠落，使之产生模拟冲击力。试验结果以两端花篮螺栓不发生明显变形，钢丝绳不断裂为合格。Whenperformingexperiment,personnelongroundpulltherope,releasetheslipknottocausethesandbagsfallfromheight.ThiswillsimulatetheImpactforce.Ifthetwoendsofturnbucklehasnoobviousdeformationandthesteelwiredoesnotbreak,then,thelifelineisqualified.试验合格后，参加试验的各人员签字后，挂牌才能施工使用。Whentheexperimentisdoneandlifelineisqualified,allattendeeofexperimentshouldsign.Uselifelineonlywithqualifiedtags.9．3活动操作架台movablescaffoldplatform活动操作架台主要用于桁架地面拼装过程中，为拼装作业人员提供安全操作平台，对高较小的桁架，活动架台代替脚手架平台，可以根据拼装的需要随意挪动位置，以加快拼装速度，活动架台有两种做法，在现场施工时根据现场条件灵活选择，具体做法如下图所示：Movableoperationplatformwillbeusedduringassemblingoftrussandprovideasafetyoperationplatformforworkman.Trussassembledinthegroundwhenthehigh-smallertruss,movable第124页共124页 scaffoldreplacethescaffoldingplatform,canbeassembledinaccordancewiththeneedsofarbitrarilymovingthelocationtospeeduptheassemblyspeed,therearetwopractices,atthesiteduringtheconstructionofflexibleoptionsinaccordancewithfieldconditions,specificapproachasfollows:形式一Typeone：形式一架台制作材料为50mm厚木板，采用钢钉钉制而成，具体尺寸如左图所示：Typeonematerialismadefrom50mmthickwood,withuseofsteelnails,specificsizeisshownbellow:形式二TypeTwo：形式二活动架台用脚手架制作，上面铺设一块50厚木板，并用铁丝将木板与脚手架管绑扎牢固。如下图所示。Typetwomovablescaffoldsaremadefromscaffoldtubes.A50mmthickwoodenboardwillbesetonit.Anditwillbindthemwithsteelwire.Seeillustrationbellow.第124页共124页 9．4笼梯cageladder笼梯适用的工作范围applicableareaofcageladder：桁架结构拼装时为桁架拼装作业人员提供安全操作平台；Providesafetyoperationplatformduringassemblingoftruss.在门形钢架安装完成后，为桁架安装作业人员提供安全操作平台；Providesafetyoperationplatformduringinstallationoftruss.在结构安装完成后，为局部螺栓的紧固、油漆修补等工作提供安全操作平台；Providesafetyoperationplatformduringtighteningandrepairingofpaint.鉴于笼梯在管架结构安装工作中广乏的适用性，笼梯的长度将根据管架的结构形式及不同工作界面来确定。以下为安装用笼梯布置图：Inviewofthecageladderstructureinthepipeinstallationworkinthebroadlackofapplicabilityofthelengthofthecageladdertubeframebasedonthestructureoftheformandtodeterminethedifferentinterface.第124页共124页 9．4．1笼梯图illustrationofcageladder笼梯采用直径为48mm壁厚为3.5mm的脚手架钢管焊接而成，每隔5米（具体度可根据现场实际情况调整但高差不得超过5米）设置一休息平台，同时在梁的节点下方设置一安全操作平台，操作平台做法同休息平台。梯笼截面尺寸为1000mm*1000mm，梯步间距300mm，梯笼横杆间距为600mm，具体做法如下图所示：Scaffoldtubeswithdiameterof48mm,wallthicknessof3.5mmwillbeusedtomakecageladder.Setarestingplatformeveryfivemeters(thespacecanbeadjustedaccordingtositecondition,buttheheightdifferenceshouldnotexceed5meters).Setasafetyoperationplatformunderconnectsofbeams.Makingofsafetyoperationplatformisthesamewiththatofrestingplatform.Sectionalareaofcageladderis1000mm*1000mm.Spacebetweenladderwaysis300mm.Spacebetweenladderrailsis300mm.detailtechniqueofmakingisshownasbelow:第124页共124页 9．4．2笼梯承载力的计算bearingcapacitycalculationofcageladder笼梯承载力的计算主要是进行其连接焊缝的承载力进行计算，以看是否满足施工作业的需要，现以最长的笼梯进行承载力的计算，只要能满足施工的需要，其他较小笼梯亦能满足施工的需要。Thecalculationmainlydealswithbearingcapacityofweldingseams.Calculateandseewhetherweldingseamsmeetstherequirement.Thelongestcageladderwillbeusedinthiscalculation.Ifthiscageladdermeetstherequirement,othercageladderwillalsomeetsrequirement.由图可知，笼梯所有焊缝中，受力最位于以下两个部位：第124页共124页 Fromtheabovepicture,mostforcedpartsofcageladderare:部位一：梯步杆件与竖杆向连接部位，上人过程中单根梯步杆件承载重量为一个人的重量，其两端焊缝各承载一半；Partone:connectingpartofladderwaybarandverticalbar.Ladderwaybarwilltaketheloadofaworkman,sotheweldingseamsattwoendswilltakehalftheload.部位二：井架梯笼竖向杆件与挂钩相连接的焊缝，四根竖杆与挂钩相连接的焊缝承载了整个井架自身重量及施工载荷重量。Parttwo:connectingpartofverticalbarsandhook.Weldingseamsatfourverticalbarsandhooktaketheweightofcageladderandconstructionload.下面分别对两个部位的焊缝进行力学计算如下：Calculationofbothweldingseamsisexplainedasbelow:9．4．2．1梯步焊缝计算ladderwayweldingseamscalculation以单个人重为1.5kN考虑（即150kg），取动载系数1.4，则梯步杆件承受的重量为F=1.4×1.5=2.1kN，则梯步两端焊缝各承受N=1.05kN=1050N；Takeasingleworkmanas1.5kN(i.e.150kg),dynamicloadfactoras1.4,thentheloadonladderwaybarisF=1.4×1.5=2.1kN，soweldingseamsattwoendsofladderwaybartakeloadofN=1.05kN=1050N;焊缝尺寸以he=4mm计算，焊缝长度为lw=3.14×48=150.7mm，钢管材质为Q235B，焊材采用E43型普通焊条，手工焊接。由于受动载作用，βf=1.0，焊缝抗剪强度fw=160N/mm2；验算如下：Takesizeofweldingseamsashe=4mm,lengthaslw=3.14×48=150.7mm,steelbarisQ235B.ManualweldingwithE43weldingrod.Becauseofdynamicload,βf=1.0，shearstrengthofweldingseamsfw=160N/mm2；Calculateasfollows:验算公式Calculationformula：；==1.742N/mm2，小于=160N/mm2，即梯步与竖杆相连接的焊缝承载力满足要求。==1.742N/mm2，whichissmallerthan=160N/mm2.Sothewelding第124页共124页 seamsatconnectingpartofladderwaybarandverticalbarmeetstherequirement.9．4．2．2竖杆焊缝力学计算verticalbarsweldingseamscalculation以单个人重1.5kN（即150kg），同时有4人在梯笼上作业考虑，荷载统计如下：Takeasingleworkmanas1.5kN(i.e.150kg),fourworkmenincageladder,thentheloadstatusisasfollows:施工荷载Constructionload：1.5×4=6kN；梯笼自重载荷cageladderdeadload：梯步ladderway：50m×0.038kN/m=1.9kN横杆围栏rails：77m×0.038kN/m=2.93kN竖杆verticalbars：60.4m×0.038kN/m=2.30kN钢跳板steelgangplank：8m×0.08kN/m=0.64kN合计：6+1.9+2.93+2.30+0.64=13.77kN；Total:6+1.9+2.93+2.30+0.64=13.77kN;取1.4动载系数，有F=13.77×1.4=19.28kN，则每根竖杆与挂钩相连接焊接承受拉力N=19.28÷4=4.82kN=4820N。Takedynamicloadfactoras1.4,thenF=13.77×1.4=19.28kN，soweldingseamsatconnectingpartofverticalbarsandhookwilltaketensionstrengthofN=19.28÷4=4.82kN=4820N.焊缝尺寸以he=4mm计算，焊缝长度为lw=3.14×48=150.7mm，钢管材质为Q235B，焊材采用E43型普通焊条，手工焊接。由于受动载作用，βf=1.0，焊缝抗剪强度fw=160N/mm2；验算如下：Takesizeofweldingseamsashe=4mm,lengthaslw=3.14×48=150.7mm,steelbarisQ235B.ManualweldingwithE43weldingrod.Becauseofdynamicload,βf=1.0，shearstrengthofweldingseamsfw=160N/mm2；Calculateasfollows:验算公式calculationformula：；==82N/mm2，小于=160N/mm2，即竖杆与挂钩相连接的焊缝承载力满足要求，故能满足四个人同时施工的需要。==82N/mm2，whichissmallerthan=160N/mm2，soweldingseams第124页共124页 atconnectingpartofverticalbarsandhookmeetstherequirement.Fourworkmencanworktogetheroncageladder.9．5挂笼safetycage挂笼适用于脚手架和笼梯都无法覆盖的部位，主要用于节点的修改、螺栓的紧固。9．5．1挂笼做法挂笼骨架采用40×60×3方钢，内部护栏采用30×30×2.5方钢制作，尺寸为0.75米×0.6米×1.5米，底部铺4㎜厚花纹钢板，踢脚板采用2㎜厚钢板，所有连接形式采用焊接，挂笼效果图如下:40×60×3squaresteelwillbeusedformakingofframeworkofsafetycage.30×30×2.5squaresteelwillbeusedformakingofguardrail.Thesizeofsafetycageis0.75m×0.6m×1.5m.steelplatewiththicknessof2㎜willbepavedatthebottom.Allconnectpartswillbeconnectedbywelding.Illustrationofsafetycageisshownasbelow:详细尺寸如下图所示第124页共124页 Detailedsizeisshownasbelow俯视图topview挂笼侧视图挂笼节点局部放大9．5．2承载力验算bearingcapacitycalculation：此挂笼为施工用挂笼，在承载力计算时，我们选取受力最大的杆件进行计算。如上图所示，挂笼中受力最大的杆件应为挂钩部位方钢，主要验算方钢自身承载力及其焊缝承载力，计算如下：Thissafetycageisusedforconstructionpurpose.Memberswithmaximumstresswillbechoseforcalculation.Asshownabove,thememberwithmaximumstressisthesquaresteelunderthehook.Itbearstheloadofitselfandtheloadofconstruction.Calculationisshownasbelow:第124页共124页 9．5．2．1方钢自身强度验算squaresteelstrengthcalculation：载荷统计loadcalculation：挂笼自重deadweightofsafetycage：60×40×3方钢10.4m，重10.4m×0.0443kN/m=0.461kN；60×40×3squaresteelwithlengthof10.4m,weighs10.4m×0.0443kN/m=0.461kN；30×30×2.5方钢10.8m，重10.8m×0.0216kN/m=0.233kN；30×30×2.5squaresteelwithlengthof10.8m,weighs10.8m×0.0216kN/m=0.233kN；4mm花纹钢板0.885㎡，重0.885㎡×0.35kN/㎡=0.299kN；（改成钢板2mm）Woodenscaffoldboardof0.885㎡,weighs0.885㎡×0.35kN/㎡=0.299kN；(changeinto2mmthicksteelplate)合计：0.461+0.233+0.299=0.993kNSub-totalweight:0.461+0.233+0.299=0.993kN施工载荷：3kN（假设为两个操作工人）Constructionload:1.5kN(supposetwoworkmenperformingjob)合计：3+0.993=3.993kN。Total:3+0.993=3.993kN.取动载系数1.4，则总重设计值Q=3.993×1.4=5.59KN。Setdynamicloadfactoras1.4,thedesignvalueoftotalweightisQ=3.993×1.4=5.59KN.挂钩部分两根方钢管共同承载总重，受力情况为轴心受拉，其轴心拉力N=5.59/2=2.80KN，其截面面积A=561㎜2，其拉应力σ===4.99N/㎜2，远小于Q235钢材抗拉强度215N/㎜2，故挂笼方钢满足安全可靠的要求。Twosquaresteelbarsathooktakethetotalload,andthestressgoesatthedirectionofaxis.TheaxistensileforceisN=5.59/2=2.80KN,anditssectionalareaisA=561㎜2，sothetensilestressisσ===4.99N/㎜2，whichislessthanthetensilestrengthofQ235-typesteel.Thesafetycagemeetsthesafetyrequirement.9．5．2．2焊缝承力验算weldingseamsbearingcapacitycalculation：选取受力最大的焊缝进行力学计算，如下图所示，受力最大的焊缝位于挂钩转角处，承力的挂笼传来的自重及施工载荷共计为N=1.745kN。Taketheweldingseamthattakesmostforceduringcalculation.Thisspecificseamlocatesatthe第124页共124页 cornerofhook.IttakesloadofN=1.745kNintotal.立钢规格为30*30*2.5mm，以最小焊缝4mm计算，焊缝总长120mm，其承载力满足如下公式：Steelis30*30*2.5mmtype.Supposesmallestweldingseamis4mmwhoselengthis120mm,calculationisshownasfollows:，N*=1×160×4×120=76800N=76.8kN，远大于2.80kN，即挂笼焊缝承载力满足要求。，N*=1×160×4×120=76800N=76.8kN，whichisfarmoreLagerthan2.80kN.sotheweldingseamsofsafetycagemeettherequirement.综上，挂笼承载力完全满足两工人施工要求。Fromtheabovecalculation,thebearingcapacityofsafetycagecanmeetstherequirementwhentwoworkmenareperformingjob.9．6吊笼liftingcage吊笼主要用是为安全摘除吊钩提供安全操作平台。Liftingcageservesassafetyoperationplatformduringdismantlingofhook.9．6．1吊笼做法makingofliftingcage吊笼框架横向采用L50*5角钢制作，竖向采用L110*8角钢制作，尺寸为1.2米×1.2米×2米，底部为L50×5角钢，铺4mm花纹钢板，四周采用20mm厚木板固定于中间30*3方钢上，彩钢瓦盖面，钢材材质均为Q235B，所角钢、方钢间连接方式为焊接，具体如下图所示：L50*5angleironwillbeusedformakingoftraverseframeofliftingcagewhileL110*8angleironforverticalframe.Sizeofliftingcageis1.2M×1.2M×2Mwith4mmcorrugatedsteelplateandL50*5angleironatbottom.20mmthickwoodenboardwillbesetonthe30*3squaresteelinthecenter.Colorsteeltileonthetop.AllsteelisQ235Btype.allconnectionisinweldingform.Seebelow:第124页共124页 三维效果图threedimensionalview第124页共124页 正立面图（带门的立面）Frontview(withdoor)吊笼底面图bottomview9．6．2吊笼承载力验算bearingcapacitycalculationofliftingcage以吊笼内两人施工考虑，施工荷载取值为3.0kN/㎡，恒载据实统计，计算只需要核算底部角钢、立面竖向角钢、上部吊耳的承载力即可，分别验算如下：Supposetwoworkmeninliftingcage,theworkloadis3.0kN/㎡,permanentloadwillbecalculatedwithactualvalue.Onlybearingcapacitycalculationofangleironatbottomandsquaresteelandliftinglugisneeded.Calculationisshownasbelow:9．6．2．1吊笼底部中间角钢承载力计算bearingcapacitycalculationofangleironatbottomofcage.取如下图阴影部分所示计算单元：Takeshadedportionforcalculation:第124页共124页 荷载统计loadcalculation：花纹钢板重标准值：0.032×0.48=0.015kN/m；Standardvalueofcorrugatedsteelplateweight:0.032×0.48=0.015kN/m;角钢自重标准值：0.038kN/m；Standardvalueofangleiron:0.038kN/m；施工载荷：3×0.48＝1.2kN/m；Constructionload:3×0.48＝1.2kN/m；合计：0.015＋0.038＋1.2=1.253kN/m；Total:0.015＋0.038＋1.2=1.253kN/m；取1.4动载系数，得载荷设计值q＝1.253×1.4=1.754kN/m，Takedynamicloadfactoras1.4,designvalueofloadq＝1.253×1.4=1.754kN/m,计算简图如下calculationisshownasbelow：跨中最大弯矩：M==×1.754×(1.2)2=0.315kN·mMaximumbendingmomentatmiddleofspan:M==×1.754×(1.2)2=0.315kN·mL50*5角钢抵抗矩：W=7.89㎝3=7.89×103㎜3，则，跨中部位弯矩应力σ===40N/㎜2，远小于Q235B钢材抗弯强度205N/㎜2，底部角钢强度满足要求。第124页共124页 ResistingmomentofL50*5angleiron:W=7.89㎝3=7.89×103㎜3，sobendingmomentstressatmiddleofspanisσ===40N/㎜2，whichissmallerthanbendingstrengthofQ235Bsteel.Angleironatbottommeetstherequirement.9．6．2．2吊笼底部边框角钢承载力计算Bearingcapacitycalculationofangleironatframesofcage如上图所示，选取与中间角钢垂直相连接的角钢进行承载力计算，主要承受中间角钢传到的集中力、角钢自重。Asshownintheabovepicture,takeangleironthatisverticaltocenterangleironforcalculationwhichbearsstressfromcenterangleironanddeadweightofangleiron.均布荷载equallydistributedload：角钢自重标准值：0.038kN/m；Standardvalueofangleirondeadweight:0.038kN/m;取1.4动载系数，均布载荷设计值q=0.038×1.4=0.053kN/m；Takedynamicloadfactoras1.4,designvalueofequallydistributedloadq=0.038×1.4=0.053kN/m；中间角钢传来集中荷载设计值：p=1.754kN/m×1.2÷2=1.052kN；Designvalueofstressfromcenterangleiron:p=1.754kN/m×1.2÷2=1.052kN；计算简图如下calculationisshownasbelow：跨中最大弯矩：M=4P+=0.4×1.052+0.125×0.053×(1.2)2=0.430kN·m=430000N·m；Maximumbendingmomentatmiddleofspan:W第124页共124页 M=4P+=0.4×1.052+0.125×0.053×(1.2)2=0.430kN·m=430000N·m；L50×5角钢抵抗矩W=7.89㎝3=7890㎜3，故跨中弯矩应力W=7.89㎝3=7890㎜3远小于Q235B钢材抗弯强度205N/㎜2，底部角钢强度满足要求。ResistingmomentofL50*5angleiron:W=7.89㎝3=7890㎜3，sobendingmomentstressatmiddleofspanisW=7.89㎝3=7890㎜3，whichissmallerthanbendingstrengthofQ235Bsteel.Angleironatbottommeetstherequirement.9．6．2．3吊笼侧面竖向角钢承载力计算Bearingcapacitycalculationofuprightangleiron选取竖向角钢受力最大的顶部计算，四根竖向角钢共同承载了整个吊耳以下部分吊笼的全部重量及全部施工荷载，每根竖向角钢承载总重的，其受力情况验算如下：Takemoststressedangleironforcalculation.Fouruprightangleironssharethewholeloadundertheliftinglugandallconstructionloads.Eachuprightangleirontakesofthewholeload.Thecalculationisshownasbelow:吊笼重量统计liftingcageweightcalculation：L110×8角钢重量：8m×0.135kN/m=1.08WeightofL110×8angleiron:8m×0.135kN/m=1.08L50×5角钢重量：12m×0.038kN/m=0.46kNWeightofL50×5angleiron:12m×0.038kN/m=0.46kN30×3方钢重量：16.8m×0.025kN/m=0.42kNWeightofsquaresteel:16.8m×0.025kN/m=0.42kN花纹钢板重量：0.032kN/m2×4.8m×1m=0.154kN。Weightofcorrugatedsteelplate:0.032kN/m2×4.8m×1m=0.154kN吊笼总重量合计：1.08+0.46+0.42+0.154=2.11kNTotalweightofliftingcage:1.08+0.46+0.42+0.154=2.11kN取动载系数为1.4，则吊笼总重设计值：2.11×1.4=2.96kN;Takedynamicloadfactoras1.4,thedesignvalueoftotalweightofliftingcage:2.11×1.4=2.96kN;施工载荷取3kN/m2×1.2m×1.2m=4.32kN;Takeconstructionloadas3kN/m2×1.2m×1.2m=4.32kN;第124页共124页 取动载系数为1.4，则施工载荷设计值：；Takedynamicloadfactoras1.4,thedesignvalueofconstructionload:4.32×1.4=6.048kN;合计：2.96+6.048=9.008kN,则每根竖向角钢承受轴向拉力N=9.008/4=2.25kN,竖向L110×8角钢截面面积A=1720㎜2，故在竖向轴力作用下其拉应力σ=1.31N/㎜2；远小于Q235B钢材抗拉强度215N/㎜2，满足强度要求。Total:2.96+6.048=9.008kN,soeachuprightangleirontakestressof=9.008/4=2.25kN.sectionalareaofuprightL110×8angleironisA=1720㎜2，sothestressisσ=1.31N/㎜2,whichissmallerthanbendingstrengthofQ235Bsteel.Angleironatbottommeetstherequirement.9．6．2．4吊笼顶部吊耳承载力计算Bearingcapacitycalculationofliftinglugattopofliftingcage每个吊耳承载一根竖向角钢传来的轴作用力、两根横向框架角钢传来的载荷，统计如下：Eachliftinglugtakesstressfromuprightangleironandloadfromtwotransversesquaresteelatframe.Calculationisshownasbelow:竖向角钢传来的拉力设计值:2.25KNDesignvalueofstressfromuprightangleiron:2.25KN上方横向框架角钢自重设计值：0.038×1.2×1.4=0.064kNDesignvalueofdeadweightoftransverseangleiron:0.038×1.2×1.4=0.064kN合计：2.25＋0.064=2.314kN；Total:2.25＋0.064=2.314kN;即吊耳承受拉力N=2.314kN，现分别计算吊耳本身及其焊缝的承载力。Whichis,stressonliftinglugN=2.314kN.Bearingcapacityofliftingluganditsweldingseamswillbecalculatedasfollows:9．6．2．4．1焊缝承载力计算Bearingcapacitycalculationofweldingseams用10mm角焊缝三面围焊将吊耳与吊笼竖向角钢相连，两侧焊缝长度200mm，焊缝高度10mm，计算时只选取两侧焊缝进行计算，对两端部焊缝不予考虑。焊缝方向与受力方向平行，即焊缝受剪，其计算公式如下：τ===0.5785N/㎜2远小于其抗剪强度160N/㎜2第124页共124页 ，完全满足承载力要求。10mmfilletweldingjointatthreesideswillbeusedforconnectingofliftingluganduprightangleiron.Weldingseamsattwosidesis200mmlongand10mmhigh.onlyweldingseamsattwosideswillbetakenincalculation.Directionofweldingseamswillbeparallelwiththatofstress,i.e.shearingforceofweldingseams.Theformulaisasfollows:τ===0.5785N/㎜2,whichissmallerthanshearstrength160N/㎜2，itmeetstherequirement.9．6．2．4．2吊耳自身承载力计算bearingcapacityofliftinglugitself板厚10mm，材质为Q235B，吊耳主要承受的是轴向拉力作用，选取吊耳截面最小的部位进行计算，如右图所示，截面最小的部位位于吊耳上部吊耳孔中间截面部位，其截面面积为A=（95-44）×10=510㎜2，Q235B钢材抗拉强度f=215N/㎜2，故吊耳本身承载力A×f=510×215=109650N=109.65kN，远大于N=2.314kN，吊承本身承载力满足要求。10mmthickQ235Bsteelplateisthematerialofliftinglug.Liftinglugmainlybearsaxisstress.Takethepartwithsmallestsectionalareaforcalculation.Asillustratedatright,thepartwithsmallestsectionalarealocatesatthemiddlesectionalareaofthehole.ThesectionalareaisA=（95-44）×10=510㎜2，tensilestrengthofQ235Bsteelisf=215N/㎜2，sothebearingcapacityofliftinglugitselfisA×f=510×215=109650N=109.65kN，whichislagerthanN=2.314kN，bearingcapacityofliftinglugitselfmeetstherequirement.综上，吊笼的承载力满足施工的需要。Asaconclusion,thebearingcapacityofliftingcagemeetstherequirementofconstruction.十、安全管理措施safetymeasures10.1作业人员的管理ManagementofOperationPersonnel安全培训：所有人员进场前必须经过道康宁的安全教育培训，并考试合格后方可进入施工现场。SafetyTraining:AllpersonnelshouldhavesafetytrainingbyDowCorningandpassthetestbeforeenteringtheconstructionsite.第124页共124页 特种作业培训：所有特种作业人员持特种作业证书，参加道康宁的特种作业培训，考试合格后进场操作。SpecialWorkTraining:Allspecialworkpersonnelshouldhaverelevantcertificates,andattendtrainingheldbyDowCorning.Onlycantheyenterthesitewhentheyhavepassedthetest.工具箱会议：每天班前针对当天施工内容，对班组进行安全、技术交底，作好详细记录（要求所有施工人员签名）。ToolBoxMeeting:safetyandtechnicalinstructionrelatedtoworkshouldbedeliveredtotheconstructionteameveryday.Detailedrecordedshouldbekept(signatureofallconstructionworkerrequired).10.2机具管理ManagementofMachineryandTools所有机具的管理责任细化到每个施工作业人员，班前认真检查机具作好检查记录，确实安全正常后方可使用，对不合格的机具设备作好标记，由专业人员进行维修。Managementofallmachineryandtoolsshouldbeassignedtorelevantconstructionworker.Checkmachineryandtoolsbeforework.Usemachineryandtoolsthataresafety.Markunqualifiedmachineryandtools,andsendthemtoprofessionalforrepairing.10.3临时用电的管理ManagementofTemporaryElectricitySupply所有现场临时用电设施调专职电工统一管理，第天班前对所有电箱、电缆进行检查；班后关闭所有电源，锁好电箱。其他人员不得随意开启电箱或接用电器设备。Alltemporaryelectricitysupplyequipmentatsiteshouldbemanagedbydesignatedelectrician.Designatedelectricianshouldcheckallthedistributionboxandcablesbeforework.Switchoffthedistributionboxandlockitupafterwork.Otherworkersshouldnotopenthedistributionboxorconnectelectricalappliancetothebox.10.4脚手架的管理ManagementofScaffold脚手架统一由架子工班长进行管理，所有合格脚手架挂合格标示牌，对不合格的脚手架，做好标示，禁止使用。第124页共124页 Scaffoldshouldbemanagedbytheforemanofscaffolders.Allqualifiedscaffoldsshouldhavequalifiedsign.Unqualifiedscaffoldsshouldbemarked,andareprohibitedtouse.10.5进场道路的管理ManagementofEnteringRoad道路的管理设一专人管理，作好路障、引导标示的安置。对无关车辆、违规车辆严禁进入。对进入的车辆，作好引导指挥，以保证其安全行驶。Roadshouldbemanagedbydesignatedperson.Roadblockandtrafficsignsshouldbesetup.Unrelatedvehiclesorvehiclesthatdisobeytheregulationsareprohibitedtoenterthesite.Givevehiclesguidetoensuretheirsafety.10.6劳防用品的管理ManagementofPPE个人劳防用品原则上由本人管理，但各班组每周定期检查一次，发现损坏或是不合格的及时更换。PPEaremanagedbyindividualthemselves.CheckPPEeveryweek.DamagedorunqualifiedPPEshouldbereplaced.10.7风险预知管理RiskPredictionManagement风险预知，即在施工前，对各工序可能会出现或在以往工程中出现频率较高的安全事故作出统计，总结经验，吸取教训。对可能存在的安全隐患作详细分析，以利于提前采取有效的防护措施。（详见风险分析项）RiskPredictionistoanalysisaccident/incidentthatmayhappenorusedtobefrequentinworkingprocedures.Reviewexperienceandprofitfromit.Makedetailedanalysisonthepotentialsafetyhazardsoastotakeeffectiveprotectivemeasuresinadvance(refertoHSEPlan).十一、工作风险分析表-JRA第124页共124页 工作风险分析表-JRA制定/更改JRA日期:Strikeoutasappropriate2009年2月14日工作许可证号PTWNo.是否需要工作许可证:是否发布时间:制定/更改人签字(风险分析小组人员姓名)Preparedby(NamesofTeamMembers):批准人签字(施工主管)AuthorizedBy:(Supervisor)姓名:签字:工作描述/位置:是否须要危险源隔离:是否详细说明:执行此项工作的小组成员TEAMMEMBERSUNDERTAKINGTHEWORK我们已经阅读并了解了本项工作的安全工作程序/要求/措施,我们明白如果不能按照这些程序/要求/措施执行工作将会导致危险和接受纪律措施处理正楷姓名:签字:日期:正楷姓名:签字:日期:正楷姓名:签字:日期:第124页共124页 作业步骤描述Breakthejobdownintosteps.Eachofthestepsshouldaccomplishsomemajortaskandbelogical.确认的危害及潜在的影响Identifythehazardsassociatedwitheachstep.风险评估*控制措施(包括现有的和建议的)Usingthefirsttwocolumnsasaguide.Decidewhatactionsarenecessarytoeliminatethencontrolthehazardsthatcouldleadtoanincident.负责人残余风险*残余风险是否尽可能的降低ALARP*?严重度发生概率风险等级严重度发生概率风险等级1、施工车辆、作业人员进入工作区域enteringofconstructionvehicleandpersonnel1）吊车、货车未验收导致机械事故machineryaccidentfromuninspectedcraneortruck339严格按照TOYO及国家规范要求对施工机械检验合格办理入场许可后，才允许投入本工程进场施工作业，对于50吨履带吊的使用严格按当地质量监督局要求报验取得使用合格证inspectmachineryaspernationalstandardandspecificationofTOYO.Onlyqualifiedequipmentscanenterthesiteandexecutework蒋涛/蔡元强212是2）作业人员无证操作导致事故accidentfromunqualifiedoperator339作业人员持有效岗位操作证并经过TOYO专业培训合格方可作业operatorshouldhaverelevantcertificateandgettrainedbyTOYObeforeworking蒋涛/蔡元强212是3）人员聚集在工作区域造成意外伤害toocrowdedwithworkmaninworkingareacauseinjury326吊装区域设置警戒区标识，无关人员禁止入内setalertareasignforliftingare,prohibitenteringofunrelatedperson蒋涛/蔡元强212是4）服用酒精等类物品进入施工现场发生伤害事故enteringsiteafterusingalcoholordrugsandcauseinjury326严格执行TOYO要求，对违反安全规定的施工人员严禁进入施工现场performasperrequirementofTOYO,workmanthatdisobeysafetyregulationsisprohibitedfromenteringsite.蒋涛/蔡元强212是第124页共124页 5）施工人员HSE意识不清导致伤害operatorneglectHSErules224每个区域钢结构吊装前将对班组长进行安全、技术交底并记录签字；每周周一安排安全会议和每天班前工具箱会议；并且每月安排HSE会议；givesafetyandtechnicalexplanationandkeeprecordandsignbeforeliftingwork.HoldsafetymeetingeveryMonday,andtoolboxmeetingeverydaybeforework.ArrangeHSEmeetingeverymonth.蒋涛/蔡元强212是2、吊车站位、钢构件捆扎positioningofcrane,bindingofsteelmember1)吊车倾斜造成侧翻事故craneinclinedandcauseaccident339吊车站位打脚需要TOYO确认合格getapprovalfromTOYObeforesettingthestandingpointofcrane蒋涛/蔡元强212是2）绳索吊具未验收导致事故uninspectedliftingappliancecauseaccident326绳索吊具需要TOYO检验合格liftingapplianceshouldpasstheinspectionofTOYO蒋涛/蔡元强212是3、钢构件吊装作业liftingofsteelmember1）超过起重机械额定工况作业导致机械人员伤亡overloadworkingofcranecauseaccident339在构件吊装前充分了解钢构件的重量和几何尺寸，确定起重机的吊装作业半径及吊装工况分析，确认后进行吊装作业，核载不得超过起重量的80%蒋涛/蔡元强212是2）构件失控造成安全事故membersoutofcontrolandcauseaccident326由专业起重工负责指挥吊装工作，指挥人员穿着马甲，使用哨语或旗语，构件上使用两根溜绳。Designateprofessionalcommanderforliftingwork.Commanderwearvestandusewhistleorflag.蒋涛/蔡元强212是3）吊带吊装受力超过吊带设计承受能力断裂造成钢构件倒落造成人员、机械事故overloadworkingofliftingappliancecausefallenmembersandaccident326施工中吊绳将选用吊带，吊装前，对最不利情况下吊带受力情况进行分析，选用在承受能力范围内的检验合格吊带。Analysisthebearingconditionofliftingropemostadversecircumstances,andchoosequalifiedliftingrope蒋涛/蔡元强212是4）吊点及绳索夹角未安全设置钢构件不平衡造成事故liftingpointandincludedanglehasnotbeencorrectlysetandcauseaccident326通过对钢构件外型尺寸及重量计算，确定吊点位置setliftingpointaspercalculationonmemberssizeandweight.蒋涛/蔡元强212是第124页共124页 5）绳索和钢构件之间未设置保护装置，绳索断裂、钢构件滑落导致事故noprotectivemeasuresbetweenropeandmemberscausecrackofropeorfallenofmembers326在吊带和钢构件之间垫好防护胶皮，捆扎钢构件吊带必须用卸扣锁死防止滑动，卸扣严禁横向使用setprotectiverubberbetweenliftingropeandmembers,lockuptheropeandmemberstoavoidslippage蒋涛/蔡元强212是6）吊件、吊车吊臂下方站人发生事故accidentfromstandingundercranejiborliftingmembers326吊件、吊车吊臂下方严禁站人，设置警戒带、警戒牌Standingundercranejibandliftingmembersareprohibited,setwarningropeorwarningsign蒋涛/蔡元强212是7）无证操作、指挥导致事故accidentfromoperationorcommandwithoutcertificate339所有特殊工种人员必须持有效岗位操作证并经过TOYO培训合格方可作业并严格遵守安全操作规程allspecialworkmanshallhavecertificateandpassthetrainingofTOYOandobeyallthesafetyregulations蒋涛/蔡元强212是8）钢柱安装就位后倾斜倒塌导致事故incliningorfallenofliftedcolumncauseaccident326钢构件、尤其对整体拼装的门型框架的柱间连接板必须连接牢固，缆风绳固定后方可上人通过生命绳通道解除吊绳，构件安装就位后必须用四根缆风绳固定setfourwindropetofastentheinstalledcolumn蒋涛/蔡元强212是9）未查明、确认地下设施进行施工导致事故accidentfromworkingofunidentifiedornotunconfirmedundergroundequipment224查明、确认地下设施并经TOYO安全确认后并批准开挖许可证后进行施工（地锚）checkandconfirmundergroundequipmentandgetexcavationapprovalfromTOYObeforework蒋涛/蔡元强212是4、脚手架施工scaffoldwork1）未编制脚手架施工方案或方案不具体导致坍塌collapsecausedbyunauthorizedorunspecifiedscaffoldconstructionplan3261）严格按照TOYO及国家规范要求编制脚手架施工方案并经审核批准compilescaffoldconstructionplanaspernationalstandardandspecificationofTOYO蒋涛/蔡元强212是2）脚手架高度超过规范规定(24米)未进行计算或无图示，专项方案未经上级批准导致坍塌collapseofscaffoldhigherthan24meterswithoutcalculationorillustration,planhasnoapproval339对脚手架需要进行荷载计算，并经审核批准executebearingcapacitycalculationforscaffoldandgetapproval蒋涛/蔡元强212是第124页共124页 3）未对施工人员进行交底或交底不具体，缺乏指导性或无记录，未对安装后的脚手架进行验收或验收未量化导致坍塌collapsecausedbyuninspectedorincompleteinspectionofscaffold.Noorunspecifiedtechniqueexplanationforworkman,insufficientinstructionornorecords339施工前对班组长及施工人员进行安全、技术指导交底并记录签字。脚手架按施工方案施工完毕需进行验收并悬挂准许使用牌方可使用givesafetyandtechnicalexplanationtoteamleaderandoperatorsbeforework.Inspectandhangthepermissiontagbeforeusingscaffold蒋涛/蔡元强212是4）作业人员无上岗证和体检证明、未按施工方案及安全交底搭设、施工中违章作业、未采取个人防护措施，未系安全带、任意拆除脚手架部件和联墙杆件、遇恶劣天气仍进行施工导致坠落事故accidentcausedbyworkmanwithoutcertificateorproofofmedicalexamination,workingagainstplanortechnicalexplanationorworkingrules.WorkwithoutPPE,bodyharness,dismantlescaffoldwithoutpermission,workinginbadweather339所有作业人员必须持有效健康证、岗位操作证并经过TOYO培训合格方可作业，严格按批准的施工方案及安全交底搭设，施工中严格管理监督杜绝违章作业，施工人员正确使用安全带，脚手架未经批准不得随意拆除任何杆件，大风、雨等恶劣天气严禁施工allworkmanshouldhaveheathcertificateandvocationalcertificateandgettrainedbyTOYO.Executeasperconstructionplan.Avoidoperationagainstrules.Usebodyharnessandonlydismantlescaffoldwithpermission.Ceaseworkinbadweather.蒋涛/蔡元强212是5）脚手架钢管，扣件，脚手板，密目网材质不符合要求，无相关证件、钢管锈蚀严重、局部开焊或未刷防锈漆、钢管壁厚不符合要求(钢管直径48mm，壁厚3.5mm；架体基础不平，不实，无垫木、立杆缺少底座，垫木，扫地杆导致坍塌accidentcausedbyunqualifiedscaffoldpole,fastener,board.Rusty,badweldedorunpaintedsteelpipe,wallthicknessofsteelpipefailedtherequirement(diameter:48mm,wallthickness:3.5mm),unsteadybase,no326脚手架钢管，扣件，脚手板严格按照TOYO及国家规范要求检验合格后，才允许使用，地面需夯实平整，立杆下垫底座，木跳板usescaffoldpole,fastener,boardthatmeetsnationalstandardandapprovedbyTOYO.Setstow-woodgangwayunderuprightpole蒋涛/蔡元强212是第124页共124页 stow-wood,uprightpolehasnobaseorstow-wood6）不按顺序拆除、拆除时上下处于同一垂直面内作业、监护警戒不利、乱扔钢管、扣件、堆放失稳导致物体打击事故accidentcausedbydismantleagainstsequence,insufficientguarding,inappropriatedisposalofsteelpipe,fastener,unsteadystack326严格按脚手架搭设的反顺序进行拆除并设警戒区、绳，清除无关人员dismantlescaffoldaspersequence,setalertareaorwarningropeandclearawayunrelatedpersonnel蒋涛/蔡元强212是7）立杆，大小横杆间距超过规定、未按规定设置剪刀撑、剪刀撑未沿脚手架高度连续设置或角度不符合要求、立杆与大横杆交点处未设置小横杆、小横杆只固定一段导致坍塌uprightpole,transomfailedthespecification,bridgingsettingagainstruleorinappropriatelyset,noshorttransombetweentheconnectingpointofuprightpoleandlongtransom,insufficientfastnessoftransom326严格按照TOYO及国家规范要求编制的脚手架施工方案进行施工executeworkasperscaffoldconstructionplancompiledaccordingtonationalstandardandTOYOspecification蒋涛/蔡元强212是8）架体不设上下通道或通道不符合要求导致人员坠落事故noorunqualifiedpassagewayonscaffoldcausefallenofworkman326脚手架的搭拆必须有专项安全工程师进行监控professionalsafetyengineershouldmonitorthedismantleofscaffold脚手架垂直通道每隔5米搭设休息平台，严禁一条通道由底到顶setrestingplatformeveryfivemeters定期对脚手架进行检查、维护checkandmaintainscaffoldregularly蒋涛/蔡元强212是第124页共124页 5、高空作业workatheight1）施工人员违章作业导致事故operationagainstinstruction3391）作业人员需经TOYO培训合格后再进行三级安全教育及安全技术交底方可作业operatorshouldbetrainedandgetlevel3safetytrainingandtechnicalexplanation蒋涛/蔡元强212是2）交叉作业造成落物伤人cross-dockcausefallenobjectandinjury326针对不同的工作安排不同的班组施工，工组成流程作业，避免垂直施工，依次进行arrangedifferentworkteamandoperateinflowtoavoidfallenobjectfromotherworkersabove蒋涛/蔡元强212是3）高处作业无水平通道造成坠落nohorizontalchannelforworkingatheight339设置安全站柱，通长布设￠9.3mm安全生命线,对于固定点和通长跨度内所能承载力做计算,生命绳锁紧必须使用检验合格的配套花篮螺丝makecalculationofthefastenpointandthebearingcapacityatnormalspan.Inspectedandacceptedturnbuckleshouldbeusedtolocklifeline.setasafetypostand￠9.3mmlifeline蒋涛/蔡元强212是4)水平通道未经验收使用造成坠落uninspectedhorizontalchannelcausefallen326水平通道需经TOYO验收合格方可使用horizontalchannelshouldbeapprovedbyTOYO蒋涛/蔡元强212是5)生命绳承载力不够断裂导致事故crackoflifelinecausedbyinsufficientbearingcapacity326生命绳必须经过检验合格、通过承载力计算并现场做冲击实验合格后挂牌使用蒋涛/蔡元强212是6)不正确使用安全防护用品导致事故accidentfromimproperuseofPPE326在高空改变作业位置时，安全带不能解除donotunclaspsafetybeltduringworkatheight使用合格的双控安全带，且使班组人员懂得正确使用双控安全带，两条安全带要分别挂在牢靠的固定点上usequalifiedsafetybeltandmakesureoperatorsusesafetybeltcorrectly.Eachsafetybeltshouldbefastenedtofastenpoint.蒋涛/蔡元强212是7)高空坠物事故fallingobjectsfromheight326高处作业应使用工具袋，绳子绑牢传递工具；工具应用绳子绑牢，防止脱落；Usetoolbagduringworkatheight.Useropetobindtoolstotransporttoavoidfalling.蒋涛/蔡元强212是第124页共124页 8)患有疾病进行登高作业导致事故disease-suffererworkatheightcauseaccident339工作人员需进行健康检查,不应有妨碍高处作业的病症，遇有精神异常等禁止从事高空作业workmanshouldhavehealthexamination,workmanwhocarriesdiseasethatwillimpedeworkatheight,psychosisisnotallowedtoproceedworkatheight.蒋涛/蔡元强212是9)大风、雨进行施工导致事故accidentcausedfromconstructionduringstrongwind,rainfall339大风、雨严禁施工ceaseconstructionduringstrongwind,rainfall蒋涛/蔡元强212是10)托架、安装挂笼制作、安装不合格,施工时倒塌unqualifiedbracketandsafetycagecauseaccident326托架需要计算承载力现场做承载实验并检验合格后挂牌使用bracketandsafetycageshouldperformcalculation.Tagacceptedequipmentbeforeusing.笼梯需要设置休息平台、计算承载力并检验合格蒋涛/蔡元强212是11）钢构件的柱间连接板未连接牢固就解除吊绳导致钢柱倒塌、人员伤亡事故339钢构件的柱间连接板必须连接牢固缆风绳固定后方可上人解除吊绳蒋涛/蔡元强212是六、涂装作业paintingwork1）作业区域无任何警示标识,安全事故隐患Nowarningsignatworkingarea.339禁止明火、悬挂禁止烟火的安全标志。Fireisstrictlyprohibited,setupsafetysigns蒋涛/蔡元强212是2)涂装区域清洁材料使用后杂乱丢弃,引起火灾improperdisposalofusedcleaningmaterialinpaintingareacausefire224沾有涂料或溶剂的棉纱、抹布等物应放入带盖的金属桶内，并做到一天一清除，严禁乱抛。Putcottonyarn,dustercloththathaspaintorsolventinmetalbucketwithcover,cleanupregularly蒋涛/蔡元强111是3)涂装区域作业人员缺乏安全防火意识导致事故operatorslackfire-proofingideainpaintingarea212进入作业区的人员，不得携带打火机、火柴等火种，不得从事有可能引起机械火花和电火花的各种作业。Workmanmustnotbringlighterormatchintoworkingarea.Worksthatwillcausesparkingareprohibited蒋涛/蔡元强111是4)涂装作业工作结束后未清理现场发生火灾nocleaningworkforsiteafterpaintingwork224作业结束后，应及时对工作场所进行清理，将剩余的涂料和溶剂及时送回仓库，不准随便乱放。Cleaninguptheworkingareawhenthejobisdone,putpaintandsolventbacktowarehouse.蒋涛/蔡元强111是第124页共124页 Donodisposalinappropriately5)涂漆区域未配置消防器材产生安全隐患nofireextinguishingequipmentinpaintingarea224涂漆区附近应摆放有足够数量的消防器材，并定期检查保持有效状态。Enoughfireextinguishingequipmentshouldbekeptaroundpaintingareaandcheckregularly蒋涛/蔡元强111是6)涂漆区内的电气设备、管线、容器都未设置保护接地,发生火灾Electricalequipment,wire,containerhasnoproperearthinginpaintingarea236涂漆区内的电气设备、管线、容器都应分别实施有效的接地，以防产生各类电火花。Earthingofelectricalequipment,wire,containershouldbedoneinpaintingareatopreventelectricspark蒋涛/蔡元强111是7)涂装容器直接互相倾倒溶剂产生静电发生火灾directpouringofpaintorsolventbringstaticelectricityandcausefire224禁止在两个桶间直接倾倒溶剂或油漆，以防产生静电。废液体涂料或辅料严禁倒入下水道。toavoidstaticelectricity,directpouringofpaintorsolventisprohibited.Wastepaintoraccessoriesmustnotpourintosewage蒋涛/蔡元强111是8)油漆库房未按安全要求进行搭设,发生火灾隐患buildingofpaintwarehousedoesnotmeetrequirementandcausefire212油漆须在定点的库房存放。油漆库房应保持干燥、阴凉、通风，邻近无火源。库房应备有相应的消防器材。Paintshouldbestoredatdesignatedwarehouse.Keepthewarehousecool,dry,ventilatedandawayfromfire.Fireextinguishingequipmentshouldbeequippedatwarehouse.蒋涛/蔡元强111是9)施工人员未配置个人防护用品发生伤害事故operatorhasnoproperPPEcauseaccident224个人加强自我防护，佩带过滤式防尘口罩、防腐蚀手套、工作服，防护眼镜protectourselveswithanti-dustrespirator,corrosion-proof gloves,workinguniformandprotectiveglasses蒋涛/蔡元强111是七、临时用电temporaryelectricity1）电器设备、材料未经检验导致人员触电、火灾事故uninspectedelectricalequipmentandmaterialcauseelectricshockandfire339配电箱、电缆按TOYO要求进行审核验收distributionboxandcableshouldbeinspectedandacceptedbyTOYO蒋涛/蔡元强212是2）未对施工人员进行安全教育和技术交底，安全意识和技术不明产生事故nosafetytrainingand224作业前进行安全教育及安全技术交底givesafetytrainingandtechnicalexplanationbeforeworking蒋涛/蔡元强111是第124页共124页 technicalexplanation3）特殊工种无岗位证、未经TOYO专业培训，违章作业发生事故specialworkoperatorhasnorelevantcertificate,ornotraining.Workmanoperatesagainstregulation224电工必须持证上岗并经TOYO专业培训方可进行施工作业ElectricianshouldhaverelevantcertificateandgettrainedbyTOYO蒋涛/蔡元强111是4）施工区域未设置警戒牌导致事故隐患nowarningsigninconstructionarea212作业区域设置警戒区域并挂警戒牌Setwarningsignatworkingarea蒋涛/蔡元强111是5）作业期间无专项安全工程师进行监控、管理导致安全事故发生nomonitoringperformedbyprofessionalsafetyengineerduringwork.212作业期间须有专项安全工程师进行监控professionalsafetyengineershouldmonitorthework蒋涛/蔡元强111是6）电气未配置漏电保护系统导致火灾、人员触电事故noelectricalleakageprotectionsystemcausefireandelectricshock224采用三级配电、二级漏电保护系统threeclasspowerdistributionandtwo-stepearth-faultprotectionsystem蒋涛/蔡元强212是7）电气未按要求配置TNS系统导致火灾、人员触电事故noTN-Searthingcausefireandelectricshock224采用TN-S接地零保护系统useTN-SEarthingandzeroconnectionprotectionsystem蒋涛/蔡元强212是8）施工区域电器设备无专业电工管理、监管、维护发生人员触电、火灾事故nomanagement,supervisingandmaintenanceofelectricalequipmentbyelectriciancausefireandelectricshock236配备专用的消防灭火设施,配电箱上锁，专人监管并经常进行巡检equipfireextinguishingequipment,lockupdistributionbox,designatedpersonshouldcheckandsupervise蒋涛/蔡元强212是八、动火作业1）氧气、乙炔气瓶、压力表、回火器、割炬、未检验合格就使用导致事故accidentfromusingofunqualifiedoxygencylinder,acetylenecylinder,pressuregauge,backfiremate,cuttingtorch.339严格按照道康宁、TOYO及国家安全规范要求对所有施工器具进行检验合格后方可使用inspectallconstructionequipmentsasperrequirementsofDC,TOYOandnationalcodes,onlyqualifiedequipmentsareallowedtouse.蒋涛/蔡元强212是第124页共124页 2）氧气、乙炔气瓶未安装回火器施工导致事故accidentfromabsenceofbackfiremateofoxygencylinderandacetylenecylinder339正确配置安装经过检验合格的氧气、乙炔回火器setandequipqualifiedbackfiremateofoxygencylinderandacetylenecylinder蒋涛/蔡元强212是3）气瓶、气管未检验，老化、断裂、漏气导致事故accidentfromuninspectedtrachea,aging,crackandairleakageoftrachea.224使用经过检验合格的气管，气瓶，每天要有检查记录，配置肥皂水检查气瓶、气管漏气情况，保证良好的安全状态，做好自检，巡检工作Useinspectedandacceptedtracheaandaging.Keepeverycheckrecords.Usesoapwatertocheckthecrackandairleakageoftracheatoensureallequipmentsareinsafetycondition.蒋涛/蔡元强111是3）氧气、乙炔气瓶未按规定要求分类管理储存导致事故accidentfromimproperstorageofoxygencylinder,acetylenecylinder.224氧气、乙炔气瓶按规定要求空瓶、满瓶分类管理、现场气瓶放置于铁笼内，专人管理emptyandfulloxygencylinderandacetylenecylindershouldbestoredseparately.Gascylindersshouldbestoredinsteelcages.designatepersonneltomanagegascylinders蒋涛/蔡元强111是5）动火施工时未设置安全隔离、防火用品导致事故accidentfromnosafetyisolationorfire-proofingequipments326动火作业前必须清除动火现场及周围的易燃、易爆物品，作业时采取有效的安全防火措施（配备防火毯：包裹动火区域，配置接火盘）配备足够适用的消防器材clearawaycombustibleandflammablematerialsbeforehotwork.Takefire-proofingmeasures(fire-proofingblanket,sparktray),equipwithsufficientfire-fightingequipment蒋涛/蔡元强212是6）动火作业时无专人全程监火，气割、电焊铁瘤滴落导致事故nomonitorforhotwork.Ironnodulesfromgascutandelectricweldingcauseaccident.224动火作业时要设置专人全程监督，及时扑灭漏落火星designatepersonneltomonitorhotworkprocess,extinguishsparkstimely蒋涛/蔡元强212是7）施工时氧气、乙炔气瓶未按规定要求设置安全距离导致事故nosafetyspacingasrequiredforoxygencylinder,acetylenecylinderduringconstruction339正确放置、移动气瓶，严格按规定设置氧气、乙炔气瓶6米的安全距离，距离明火10米距离Handleandmovegascylinderproperly.Setsafetyspaceforacetylenecylinder(6meters).Acetylenecylindershouldbe10metersfromnakedfire.蒋涛/蔡元强212是第124页共124页 8）五级风以上(含五级风)天气露天动火作业导致事故accidentfromopen-airhotworkatfreshbreeze(freshbreezeincluded)weather339露天动火作业五级风以上(含五级风)天气严禁动火施工open-airhotworkatfreshbreeze(freshbreezeincluded)weatherisprohibited.蒋涛/蔡元强212是9）施工人员无证操作导致事故uncertifiedoperatorcauseaccident224作业人员持有效岗位操作证并经过TOYO专业培训合格后方可作业operatorshouldhaverelevantcertificateandgettrainedbyTOYObeforeworking蒋涛/蔡元强111是10）动火作业时施工人员未正确穿戴、使用劳防用品导致事故noorimproperwearingofPPEduringhotwork224动火作业时施工人员正确穿戴、使用劳防用品，安全带、防护面罩、皮制绝缘手套正确使用WearPPE,bodyharness,masksandinsulationglovesduringhotwork.蒋涛/蔡元强212是11）电焊机线路未按安全规定配置和使用导致事故accidentfromimpropersettingofelectricweldercables224电焊机使用前和使用过程中严格按安全规定检验，配置线路，一、二次线桩连接牢固，线路不得裸露、破皮，接地良好，inspectelectricwelderasperrequirement.Setcablesproperly.Cablesshouldnotexposetoairdirectly.Goodearthingshouldbeset.蒋涛/蔡元强212是12）动火作业完毕未确认安全隐患、未清理现场，残留火种导致火灾事故accidentfromincompleteidentificationofpotentialfire.Sparksarenotremovedproperly.236动火作业完毕应清理现场，确认无残留火种后方可离开whenhotworkisdone,cleanuptheworkingareaandmakesurenosparksexistsbeforeleaving蒋涛/蔡元强122是13）动火作业未设置安全警戒区导致事故nowarningsignsforhotworkareacauseaccident224动火区域设置警戒区标识，无关人员禁止入内setwarningsignsforhotworkarea,onlyauthorizedpersonnelareallowedtoenterthearea.蒋涛/蔡元强111是14）电缆线未按安全规定放置和使用导致事故impropersetandusingofcablescauseaccident224电焊机及其他用电机具电缆线严格按安全规定架空使用且固定于设有绝缘层的挂钩上蒋涛/蔡元强111是15）电焊作业违反操作规程施工导致事故electricweldingworkagainstoperationregulationscauseaccident339严格按电焊安全操作规程施工performasperelectricweldingworkregulations蒋涛/蔡元强212是第124页共124页 九、易燃物控制controlofflammablesubstance1）施工现场燃物品杂乱堆放引起火灾improperstackingofcombustiblematterinconstructionareacauseaccident339指定易燃物品堆场，并经TOYO审批appointastockareaforflammablesubstanceandgetapprovalfromTOYO蒋涛/蔡元强212是1）现场易燃物看管人缺乏安全意识、失职、看管不到位导致火灾accidentfromneglectingofcombustiblematterwatcher.236对看管人进行安全教育及安全技术交底givesafetytrainingandsafetytechnicalexplanationtocaretaker蒋涛/蔡元强212是3）易燃物周围无任何警示标志及未配备灭火器材导致火灾firecausedbyabsenceofwarningsignorfire-extinguisheraroundcombustiblematter224设置警示标志及配备灭火器setwarningsignandequipwithfireextinguisher蒋涛/蔡元强111是3）易燃物存放无专项人员监督管理发生火灾nomonitoringforcombustiblemattercauseaccident236易燃物存放期间须有专项安全工程师进行管理和控制，定期指派清理，排除火灾隐患。Professionalsafetyengineershouldmonitorandcontrolthesituationduringtheperiodofstorage蒋涛/蔡元强111是5）易燃物堆场空间狭小发生火灾Stackingareaforcombustiblematteristonarrowcausefire224易燃物堆场搭设有足够的安全空间，库房要有足够的通风设施warehouseforflammablesubstanceshouldhaveenoughventilationwarehouseforflammablesubstanceshouldhaveenoughsafetyspacing蒋涛/蔡元强111是十、拼装作业1）未设置警戒区域导致事故224设置警戒区域、警戒绳围护蒋涛/蔡元强111是2）螺栓未连接牢固就整体移动拼装构件导致事故224检查螺栓紧固状态确认合格后进行下步作业212是3）吊带断裂导致事故339整体拼装构件重量严格经过核算选用检验合格的匹配的吊带进行吊装212是第124页共124页 十一、夜间施工管理constructionatnightmanagement1)吊装钢架、拼装施工作业视线不清导致事故accidentfromblockedvisionduringliftingofsteelstructure2)临时作业施工（高强螺丝施工）局部视线不足导致事故accidentfromblockedvisionduringtemporarywork(highstrengthbolts)3)作业人员夜间施工的劳动防护未配备导致事故accidentfromworkwithoutPPEatnight4)作业区域无损探伤等有辐射源未查明及未防护造成人员伤亡accidentorinjuryfromunconfirmedorunprotectednon-destructivetesting(NDT)radiationsource5)夜间施工作业未设置管理监督人员,监管不足导致事故发生accidentfromworkatnightwithoutmanagementsuperior,orinadequatesupervising3391)每个吊装作业点，布设3.5KW照明设施（两盏），保证作业照明需要。Set3.5KWilluminatingequipmentateveryliftingworkspottoensureenoughilluminationforwork2)局部布设临时1KW照明，满足照明作业需求。Set1KWtemporaryilluminatingequipmenttomeettheconstructionrequirement3)所有夜间作业人员，个人防护用品佩带齐全（安全帽、安全带、安全眼镜、安全防护鞋），反光背心、反光牌必须佩置且保持有效。AllworkmenatnightshouldwearsufficientPPE(helmet,bodyharness,safetyglasses).Effectivereflectivesignalvestandreflectingsignboardshouldbeequippedand4）夜间加班前，落实是否有无损探伤信息，如有信息将及时通知到所有作业班组及作业人员，作好相对防护措施。Beforeworkatnight,confirmifthereisanynon-destructivetesting(NDT).Ifdoes,informallovertimeworkteamtotakerelevantprotectivemeasures5）所有夜间施工安排专职HSE工程师监控，作业班组长为责任人。HSEengineershouldbedesignatedasteamleadertosupervisetheworkatnightandtobearresponsibility蒋涛/蔡元强212是Theresidualriskistobecalculatedusingthetable.Riskfiguresabove4arenotacceptableandworkmustnotcontinueuntiltherisksarereduced.必须用本表计算残余风险。高于风险曲线3的为不可接受且不得继续工作，直至风险降低为止。第124页共124页 第124页共124页 ManualHandling人工搬运1Movingheavyloadsbylifting,pullingorpushing.提、拉或推动重物2Movingawkwardlyshapedorunevenloads.搬运形状笨拙或不规则的重物3Awkwardbodypositionwhilemovingloads.搬运重物时身体处于不适位置4Repetitivemovementofloads.重复性搬运重物5Twistingthebodytomovetheload.移动重物时身体扭曲6Difficultconditionse.g.unevensurfaces,pooraccess.作业条件很差，如地表不平，通道狭窄7Considerableforcerequiredtooperatestationaryequipment.移动固定设备需要相当的力气WorkwithTools,EquipmentorMachinery使用工具，设备或机器进行作业8Useofhandtools.使用手动工具9Useofportablepowertools(electrical,pneumatic,hydraulic).使用便携式电动工具（电气、气动、液压）10Useofliftingequipmentorcranes使用提升设备或起重机11Useoffixedpowertools/machines.使用固定式动力工具/机器12Useofmobilepoweredmachinery.使用移动式动力机器13Contactwithmovingmachinery(cutting,entanglement,shearingetc).接触到运转的机器（切割，缠卷和剪切等危险）14Workingnearmovingplantandmachinery.在运转的设备或机器附近作业15Vehiclesoverturningorfallingintopits,wateretc车辆倾覆或掉入深坑或水里等ReleaseofEnergy能量释放16Potentialtoreleasesubstancesatpressure.在压力下有释放物质的潜在可能17Potentialtoreleasehot/coldsubstances.释放热/冷物质的潜在可能18Potentialtoreleaseflammablesubstances.释放可燃物质的潜在可能19Potentialforelectricshock.存在电击的潜在可能20Potentialforelectricshock>120v.存在大于120v电击的潜在可能21Potentialtoproduceprojectiles&particles.产生喷射与微粒尘埃的潜在可能22Potentialtoreleasestoredenergy(springsetc).释放储存能量的潜在可能（弹簧等）23Vibration.振动24Potentialforsuddenmovementoftools&equipment.工具与设备突然移动的潜在可能25Movingobjects(rolling,uncontrolled,suddenmovement).物体移动（滚动、不受控的、突发性移动）26Fallingobjects(dropped,collapse,tipping,shifting)物体坠落（掉落，倒塌，倾斜，移位）ExposuretoSubstances接触物质27HazardousChemicals.危险的化学品28HazardousBiologicalAgents.危险的生物制剂29Gases,fumes,dust.气体、烟雾、尘埃30Radiation辐射31Groundcontamination表污染Slips,TripsandFallsattheSameLevel同一地坪高度的滑倒，绊倒和跌倒32Unevenorslipperysurfaces表面不平或易打滑33Cluttered(e.g.cables,leads).布置凌乱（如电缆、导线）34Createdopeningsinfloor.地板已有破损开口WorkinHazardousConditions在危险条件下工作35Sharpedges,obstructionsorprojections.尖锐边缘，障碍或凸起36Abrasivesurfaces.研磨性表面37Hot/coldconditions.炎热/寒冷的环境38Hot/cold/wetsurfaces.过热/过冷/潮湿表面39Excessivenoise.过高的噪音40Poorlighting照明不足41Severeweatherconditionsincl.Highwinds.包括大风在内的严酷气候条件HazardousLocations危险性场所42Workdirectlyoverdeepwater.在深水正上方作业43Workatheight(ontopofplatformswithhandrails).高空作业（在有围栏的平台顶部）44Workatheight(other).高空作业（其它情况）45Workinconfinedspaces.封闭空间作业46Workwhereaccessispoor.作业通道狭窄47Workin/nearexcavations<1metre.处于开挖区域，或与之距离小于1米48Overheadorundergroundservices高空或地下作业49Loneworking独自作业第124页共124页'