黑龙江框架结构六层教学实验楼基槽开挖施工方案(浅基坑)

'Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand哈尔滨学院新校区建设一期工程----教学实验中心基槽开挖施工方案基槽开挖施工方案工程名称：哈学院新校区建设一期工程-教学实验中心施工单位：哈尔滨市第四建筑工程公司编制日期：二零一二年三月一十二日manipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis哈尔滨市第四建筑工程公司13 Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand哈尔滨学院新校区建设一期工程----教学实验中心基槽开挖施工方案施工方案审批表C2-01-2工程名称哈尔滨学院新校区建设一期工程---教学实验中心（土方开挖）编制人部门审批意见责任人项目经理部审批项目负责人：年月日技术负责人：年月日质量负责人：年月日安全负责人：年月日公司级审批技术部门负责人：（公章）年月日质量部门负责人：（公章）年月日安全部门负责人：（公章）年月日生产部门负责人：（公章）年月日总工程师：（公章）年月日监理（建设）单位审批监理工程师：年月日总监理工程师：（建设单位项目负责人）（公章）年月日manipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis哈尔滨市第四建筑工程公司13 Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand哈尔滨学院新校区建设一期工程----教学实验中心基槽开挖施工方案目录第一章工程概况4第二章编制依据5第三章施工总体部署5一、安全生产、文明施工目标5二、质量目标5三、消防、保卫工作目标5四、施工组织机构及管理体系5五、施工部署7第四章施工方案、方法、技术措施8一、施工方案8二、施工方法与技术措施8第五章施工质量保证措施9一、质量保证体系9二、组织保证体系9第五章施工安全技术措施11第六章防止扬尘、大气污染措施13第七章防止扰民措施13manipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis哈尔滨市第四建筑工程公司13 Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand哈尔滨学院新校区建设一期工程----教学实验中心基槽开挖施工方案第一章工程概况总体概况1工程名称哈尔滨学院新校区建设一期工程-----教学实验中心2工程地址哈尔滨市南岗区中兴大道74号3建设单位哈尔滨学院4设计单位哈尔滨工业大学建筑设计研究院5监理单位哈尔滨工大建设工程监理有限公司6施工单位哈尔滨市第四建筑工程公司7开竣工日期2012年3月15日至2012年9月30日（共计：195日历天）8施工范围设计施工图范围内：土建、水暖、电气9质量目标合格工程，争创优质工程10安全目标杜绝重大伤亡事故、火灾事故和人员中毒事件的发生，轻伤频率控制在3‰以内11文明施工争创省级安全文明施工工地建筑概况1建筑功能综合教学实验楼2建筑面积17483㎡3建筑总高度28.5m4建筑层数地上六层结构概况1建筑场地土类三类结构安全等级二级2场地标准冻深2.0m结构形式框架结构3抗震烈度6度防火等级二级4设计使用年限50年抗震设防类别丙类5基础形式400㎜直径干作业成孔灌注桩基础,桩长22m，单桩承载力特征值900KN6外围护结构200mm厚陶粒混凝土空心砌块填充墙，外粘贴100mm厚保温酚醛板（酚醛板容重48kg/m³）manipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis哈尔滨市第四建筑工程公司13 Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand哈尔滨学院新校区建设一期工程----教学实验中心基槽开挖施工方案第二章编制依据1．中华人民共和国建筑法2．中华人民共和国安全生产法3．施工图纸、地质勘查报告4．建设工程安全生产管理条例5．黑龙江省施工安全内业管理标准6．哈尔滨市建设工程安全生产监督管理办法7．哈尔滨市防治城市扬尘污染暂行办法8．施工企业安全生产评价标准《JGJ/T77---2003》9．建筑施工安全检查标准《JGJ59---99》10．建筑机械使用安全技术规程《JGJ33---2001》11．工程建设标准强制性条文12．建筑工程施工质量验收统一标准（DB23/711--2003）13．建筑地基基础工程施工质量验收规范（DB23/721--2003）第三章施工总体部署一、安全生产、文明施工目标争创省市安全生产、文明施工样板工地，杜绝死亡、重伤、火灾、机械损害事故。执行ISO14000环保标准，现场做到无粉尘、无污染、低噪音、不扰民。二、质量目标本工程质量目标确定为合格工程。三、消防、保卫工作目标预防为主、防消结合、杜绝火灾事故发生；加强治安管理、严防灾害事故发生，确保工程顺利进行。四、施工组织机构及管理体系manipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis哈尔滨市第四建筑工程公司13 Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand哈尔滨学院新校区建设一期工程----教学实验中心基槽开挖施工方案施工组织机构组长:徐维江副组长:孙震、景奉先成员:刘永杰、王亮、郑恒国、姚文凯于英源、张强、马鸿坤、张志武秦桂东、原永波、李延华、刘立斌施工管理体系项目经理施工队长技术负责项目副经理测量员质检员资料员技术员试验员材料员安全员勤杂班砼班钢筋班电工班司机班成孔班manipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis哈尔滨市第四建筑工程公司13 Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand哈尔滨学院新校区建设一期工程----教学实验中心基槽开挖施工方案五、施工部署1．施工准备在基础施工前，由项目经理部主持前期施工准备会议，听取基础施工项目经理部对整个工程及其各分部分项工程的施工准备工作计划，该计划主要反映开工前、施工中必须做的有关工作，内容如下：（1）技术准备：熟悉施工图纸，进行图纸设计交底、图纸会审。（2）施工现场准备工作：由建设单位各专业人员到现场界定地上、地下各种管线及障碍物详细位置，需要迁移的移设完毕；施工现场的平整；测量放线；临时道路、临时供水、供电等管线的敷设；临时设施的搭设；现场照明设备的安装。（3）劳动组织准备：建立各施工部的管理组织，集结施工力量、组织劳动力进场，做好施工人员入场教育等工作；组织施工人员熟悉施工图纸和现场实际情况，做好安全技术交底。（4）材料、机械准备：根据相关的设计图纸和施工预算，编制详细的材料、机械设备需要量计划；签定材料供应合同；确定材料运输方案和计划；组织材料按计划进场和保管。（5）施工场外协调：由基础施工项目经理部与土方施工部共同对外协调交通、环卫、市容的关系，以及扰民、民扰处理的前期准备工作。2．施工段的划分及施工顺序（1）施工段划分：本工程土方开挖分两阶段进行,第一阶段挖至距基础承台垫层底500mm处,第二阶段为在桩施工过程中钻孔产生的土方和承台、地框梁及地沟挖出的土方随施工随清除运至场外，回填时从外部内运素土。（2）施工顺序：根据工期和现场实际情况基础土方开挖从轴、-轴向轴、-轴推进，再从轴、-轴向轴、-轴进行开挖。施工工序：场地平整→测量放线→定位→(由北向南)土方机械大开挖→运输→边坡加固→清理基坑→问题坑处理→验槽→验收。manipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis哈尔滨市第四建筑工程公司13 Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand哈尔滨学院新校区建设一期工程----教学实验中心基槽开挖施工方案第四章施工方案、方法、技术措施一、施工方案本工程由于没有地下层，基坑深度未超过5米，故属于浅基坑。本工程挖方量约为8400立方米。本工程桩形式为干作业成孔灌注桩，承台顶标高为-1.5m，承台底标高为-2.6m，因此基础土方工程采用大面积机械开挖，一次性挖至承台垫层顶标高500mm处，待桩灌注完毕后，组织人工开挖承台及承台梁土方，清理基底虚土和修边。由于挖出的土大部分为拆除基础的建筑垃圾土，场地又无处存放，所有土均外运。土方开挖前向建设单位索取地质勘察报告、原有体育馆基础图纸和办理地下管线会签单，由建设单位各专业人员到现场界定地上、地下各种管线及障碍物详细位置，并认真研究地下土质、地下障碍物情况。根据规划部门提供的定位坐标点、建筑红线和施工图纸确定好建筑物轴线，标准水平桩及土方开槽的灰线尺寸，经检验合格，并办理预检手续。由于本工程基础坐落在原有体育馆桩基础上，土方开挖投入两台360型破碎锤配合两台360型反铲挖掘机，根据现场的需要，配备一台50型铲车随时进行调配，并配自卸式运输车向场外倒运土方。在⑥轴和轴交叉处设置一台QTZ80塔式起重机，因此塔吊基础土方需同时施工，塔吊基础下遇有3#学生公寓楼外排水管线，施工时在排水管线上端出户井内设3寸污水泵进行排水，排到下端外网住管线中，塔吊基础加深至排水管线以下，基础浇注完重新安装挖断的排水管线。二、施工方法与技术措施1．土方开挖：（1）土方开挖时机械挖土按设计承台垫层底标高预留500mm，进行人工清槽至设计标高，以免扰动地基土，随即进行干作业成孔灌注桩的施工。（2）机械开挖时，如遇边坡有大块石块、土块、砼块等，为保证施工的安全，挖掘机随即挖掉，以免影响正常施工。（3）修帮和清底，在距槽底300mm槽帮处，抄出水平线，钉上小木橛，然后用人工将暂留土层挖走。同时由两端轴线（中心线）引拉通线（用小白线），检查距槽边尺寸，确定槽宽标准，以此修整槽边。最后清除槽底土方。manipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis哈尔滨市第四建筑工程公司13 Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand哈尔滨学院新校区建设一期工程----教学实验中心基槽开挖施工方案（4）由于所开挖基槽大部分为原有基础，混凝土拆除后混杂在土方内无法用做回填土方，现场土方全部外运，待回填时再内运素土。（5）土方施工完成后，应会同勘察、设计、监理、建设单位对地质情况进行验槽，符合设计要求后，方可进行下道工序施工。（6）土方放坡：（虽然土方开挖时还是冻土，为避免槽壁因气温回暖塌方，适当放坡）放坡系数：按1：0.42放坡。基坑开挖中，边坡需保持稳定，可根据边坡的土质情况进行适当的放坡。（7）清坡、清底人员必须根据设计标高做好清底工作，不得超挖。如果超挖不得将松填土回填，以免影响基础的质量。2．土方回填：（1）室外回填土在地下部分承台梁、外墙砌筑施工完毕，保温、防潮、防水层施工完毕达到要求时即可回填，根据本工程施工时间，基础回填赶在越冬后施工。（2）室内回填土在基础承台梁砖模、地沟施工完毕后，穿插回填夯实，压实系数为0.94。（3）回填土前，在墙柱上弹出每层回填高度控制线，以控制回填土的夯实密度。（4）严禁用垃圾土回填，选用好的土质作为回填土。（5）回填土应分层铺摊，逐层夯实。蛙式打夯机、电动冲击夯每层铺土厚度为200-250mm。人工打夯不大于200mm。回填土每层至少打夯三遍，打夯应一夯压半夯，夯夯相连，行行相连，纵横交叉。（6）填土每层夯实后，应按规范要求规定进行环刀取样，进行土工实验，达到要求后，再进行上一层的铺土。土方压实系数不小于0.94。第五章施工质量保证措施一、质量保证体系质量方针：“用我们的承诺和智慧，雕塑时代的艺术品”。基础施工阶段将在该质量保证体系下按ISO9002标准要求进行。二、组织保证体系基础施工阶段建立由施工项目经理领导，主任工程师中间控制，责任工程师负责的三级管理系统。组织保证体系见图manipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis哈尔滨市第四建筑工程公司13 Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand哈尔滨学院新校区建设一期工程----教学实验中心基槽开挖施工方案质量保证体系项目经理项目副经理主任工程师施工队长材料主管试验主管质量主管测量主管材料员试验员技术员质检员测量员技术主管施工队manipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis哈尔滨市第四建筑工程公司13 Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand哈尔滨学院新校区建设一期工程----教学实验中心基槽开挖施工方案三、土方开挖工程质量验收标准项目序号项目允许偏差或允许值(mm)检验方法柱基基坑基槽挖方场地平整管内地(路)面基层人工机械主控项目1标高-50±30±50-50-50水准仪检查2长度、宽度(由设计中心线向两边量)+200-50+300-100+500-150+100—经纬仪、用钢尺量3边坡设计要求观察或用坡度尺检查一般项目1表面平整度2020502020用2m靠尺和楔形塞尺检查2基底土性设计要求观察或土样分析注：地(路)面基层的偏差只适用于直接在挖、填方上做地(路)面的基层。第五章施工安全技术措施1．贯彻“安全第一、预防为主”的方针，坚持管生产管安全的原则，从根本上杜绝“三违”现象和各类事故发生。2．成立安全领导小组，每天进行一次安全检查，发现隐患及时处理。3．按照建设部颁部建筑施工安全检查标准，编制分部分项工程安全技术措施和安全技术交底，搞好临边作业的防护措施。4．进入施工现场必须按规定着装，正确使用个人防护用品，在基坑中配合挖掘机工作的有关人员，必须戴安全帽，不允许在挖掘机的回转半径内活动。5．挖土中发现管道、电缆及其他埋设物应及时报告，不得擅自处理。6．挖土时要注意土壁的稳定性，发现有裂缝及倾坍可能时，人员要立即离开并及时处理。manipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis哈尔滨市第四建筑工程公司13 Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand哈尔滨学院新校区建设一期工程----教学实验中心基槽开挖施工方案7．挖掘机操作时，应随时注意土壁的变动情况，且挖掘机离边坡应有一定的距离，如发现裂缝或部分坍塌的现象，要及时加固，支撑或放坡增大，并注意支撑的稳固和土壁的变化。8．人工挖土，前后操作人员间距离不应小于2.5米，坑上堆土要在2米以外，并且高度不得超过1.5米。多台机械开挖，推土机间距应大于10米，并按规定放坡。9．现场机具不得堆放于坑边，挖出的土方尽量离开坑边，以免造成塌方，翻斗车装运残土时，离坑边的距离不得少于3m。10．每天必须检查已挖土壁及支撑的稳定情况，在确保安全的情况下继续工作，并且不得将土和其他物件堆在支撑上，不得在支撑下行走或站立。11．对于经常走人的坑边，要用脚手杆绑扎成围栏，把基坑的四周全部封闭起来，并且夜间要有红灯示警，以免人员坠入坑内。12．配合机械清坡、清底工人，必须使用劳动保护用品，不准在机械回转半径下工作。13．机械不得在输电线路下工作，在10KV输电线路一侧工作，水平距离不小于2米。14．场内道路应及时修整，确保车辆安全畅通，各种车辆应有专人指挥引导，维持好施工现场的秩序，严格禁止无关人员进入施工现场。15．基坑壁附近严禁站人，设专人监护坑壁，发现问题，及时向工地有关人员汇报。16．对挖沟机司机进行专门安全教育,挖土时挖沟机回转半径内不准有人行走,基坑四周夜间要安排照明。17．操作人员不得在基坑边缘休息。18．人员上下要有专用爬梯，基坑的周边的围栏作法如下图所示，且立杆要埋入地下固定好。19．回填土应采用土质较好的土，绝对禁止垃圾土作为回填用。20．回填土应进行夯填，打夯工作前，应检查电源线是否有缺陷和漏电，机械运转是否正常，机械是否装置漏电开关保护，按一机一闸一箱一保护安装，实行二级保护，机械不准带病运转，操作人员应带绝缘手套，穿绝缘鞋。manipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis哈尔滨市第四建筑工程公司13 Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand哈尔滨学院新校区建设一期工程----教学实验中心基槽开挖施工方案第六章防止扬尘、大气污染措施1、土方由合格的运输单位施工，并签订运输合同，在合同中明确公司的环境要求。在现场出入口设专人清扫车轮，并拍实车上土或严密遮盖，运载工程土方最高点不超过车辆槽帮上沿50cm，边缘不高于车辆槽帮上沿10cm，装载建筑渣土或其它散装材料不超过槽帮上沿，禁止沿途遗洒。2、用于工程预留的回填土，为防止扬尘，采取喷洒覆盖的方法。3、对施工道路采取混凝土硬化处理，出入口处硬化路面不小于出口宽度，在出口处设置冲洗车轮的装置，并设专人负责。第七章防止扰民措施1、施工现场提倡文明施工，建立健全控制人为噪声的管理制度，尽量避免人为的大声喧哗，增强全体施工人员防噪声扰民的自觉意识。2、在施工中积极采用新工艺、新机械、新材料或更换、调整部分影响较严重的设施和设备，尽量降低施工影响，保证施工进度。3、随时与现场周围有关部门取得联系，对他们的意见、建议进行合理采纳，对有关施工工序安排、工人操作方面的问题，在生产调度会上进行解决。4、在土方施工阶段，坚持定期检测噪音，保证噪音低于临界值。manipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis哈尔滨市第四建筑工程公司13 Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand哈尔滨学院新校区建设一期工程----教学实验中心基槽开挖施工方案5、合理安排施工工序，尽量将噪声污染严重的工序（如：破碎砼）安排在白天。manipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis哈尔滨市第四建筑工程公司13'