彩色沥青混合料的生产及彩色沥青混凝土路面施工工艺

'Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand彩色沥青混合料的生产及彩色沥青混凝土路面施工工艺(黑龙江省龙建路桥第五工程有限公司)摘要：介绍了自行设计的彩色沥青混合料生产设备组成及结构特点，总结了彩色沥青混合料的生产经验，同时论述了系统沥青混凝土路面的施工工艺。关键词：路面材料；彩色沥青混合料；生产工艺1彩色沥青混合料的生产工艺特点以前的彩色沥青混凝土生产工艺都是采用成品彩色沥青经过脱桶、再生与生产黑色沥青混凝土相同的工艺进行生产。也就是把黑色的沥青油换成彩色沥青油就可以了。而现在国内比较流行的工艺所采用的胶结料为经过脱色的浅色彩色沥青专用胶结料，经脱桶计量后送人拌缸和骨料，矿粉等材料一起搅拌，再在搅拌过程中加入所要添加的颜料，搅拌均匀后即成为成品彩色沥青混凝土。与传统生产工艺对比，现在采用的新的沥青混合料生产工艺具有如下优点：(1)成品彩色沥青油由于色彩品种繁多，如要生产多种颜色品种的沥青混凝土，则需要多个装不同颜色沥青油的储罐，而新工艺采用脱色沥青，只需一个储罐即可，在搅拌缸中添加不同颜色的颜料即可得到不同颜色的沥青混凝土。(2)采用成品彩色沥青时，若要变换使用的沥青油颜色，残留在公共管道中的上一次使用的沥青油颜色就会污染下一次要使用的彩油颜色，这对产品外观造成较大的影响，同时由于成品彩色沥青价格高，这也是一种不小的浪费，为防止不同颜色的沥青相互污染，不同色彩的沥青采用不同的脱桶设备和输送管道，则设备投资和占用空间都较大，如只采用一台脱桶设备，则在脱不同颜色的沥青时要对脱桶设备进行彻底的清洗，很耗时间和人力、物力，也很不方便，新工艺采用脱色沥青则完全不存在这个问题，具有很大的灵活性。(3)成品的彩色沥青脱桶后，如果储存温度在120～140℃时，静止停放3h以上应进行油循环，以免出现颜料沉淀现象，所以储存罐就应增加相应的循环设备，脱色沥青可以像普通沥青油那样进行储存，不会出现沉淀现象。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand2彩色沥青混合料生产设备的结构彩色沥青生产设备的结构主要由脱桶室(3个)，电动葫芦及相关运行架，沥青输送泵和相关的梯、围栏、管道等辅助部分组成。生产时打开脱桶室上的桶口盖，用电动葫芦吊运沥青桶进入相同颜色脱桶室，托桶架承托沥青桶，在脱桶房内进行脱桶，脱完桶的沥青进人熔化池进行溶化升温，使脱桶后的沥青达到泵吸温度或工作温度，脱桶房与熔化池的加热管采用并联布置，并分别设置节流阀门以便调整脱桶房和熔化池的供热量，合理控制各部分的温度，防止两者温差太大影响工作效率，因为3个脱桶室是相对独立的3个脱桶室的导热。油采用并联供应方式，并且有导热油阀控制通断，可以按实际生产需要调整使用脱桶室的数量。2．1熔化池熔化池的作用是对脱桶房内落下的固态和液态混合沥青继续加热，使固态沥青完全熔化并使温度均匀升至泵吸温度或沥青的工作温度，熔化池内的加热管通过导热油的流动，由管壁向池内沥青提供热能，池底下面的加热管和池底面附近的沥青迅速熔化，以使沥青泵泵吸。熔化池底面吸管处有一定的倾角集油槽用来积聚沥青，以防止沥青泵发生抽吸空气现象，池内沥青被泵吸得比较干净，从而减少彩色沥青的浪费和清底的工作量。2．2上桶装置传统的脱桶炉采用的是液压上桶机构，它有结构复杂、设备成本高、工作不稳定的缺点，而我们这次把设备设计成电动葫芦的上桶方式，创造性地设计出提桶用的自动抓斗装置，仅一名工人用遥控器就可以控制整个上桶、下桶过程。2．3其他特点(1)配套设备可以自带导热油炉，实现采用厂区现有导热油系统加热或由自带导热油炉加热的自由切换。(2)配套设备具有可移动性，导热油炉和3个脱桶室固定成一体，整体尺寸符合运输尺寸，在需要时可以方便快速转移到其他拌站分点。(3)与拌机的连接简单，可以在最小限度改变拌机现有系统的基础上与我厂现有的5台沥青拌和楼进行简单快速的配套连接。该设备与拌机连接时不需要改变拌机的机械结构。只需稍微更改一下原有控制系统的电路部分，就可以实现对彩色沥青混凝土和黑色沥青混凝土生产的自动切换和自动控制。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand(4)设备效率高，在实际使用过程中，在1个脱桶室中摆放3桶彩色桶装沥青，整个脱桶升温过程所需时间不到3h。3彩色沥青混合料的生产经验(1)从黑色沥青混凝土生产转向彩色沥青混凝土生产 时，由于沥青油计量秤是共同的，所以需要浪费一些彩色沥青油来清洗计量秤里面的黑色沥青油。(2)生产过程中要特别注意温度的控制，因为颜料在..180℃时应发生颜色变化，所以若搅拌温度过高，就会出现废品，造成很大的浪费。(3)搅拌时间设定要合理，我们在生产过程中发现，若搅拌时间设定过短，则出现颜色不均匀的现象；若设定过长，则一方面造成生产效率低，另一方面造成混合料起堆，起团的现象。经过多次反复试验，我们得出一号拌机生产彩色沥青混凝土的最佳搅拌时间为45s。(4)脱色沥青油与石料的粘结效果较差，若加入适量的抗剥落剂和纤维素，效果会得到极大的改善。(5)运输过程，要注意黑色沥青混凝土和彩色沥青混凝土的运输车辆要分开使用，不能混用，否则会造成交叉污染，从面造成浪费。4彩色沥青混凝土的拌和及其路面面层的施工工艺4．1混合料拌和应注意与普通沥青混合料拌和的几个不同事项(1)拌和前，应将搅拌站的拌和缸和沥青输送管道、运输车、施工机械设备等清洗干净。(2)为使生产目标配合比能最大限度地接近设计配合比，原材料性能应稳定。(3)添加色粉需要考虑其对环境的影响，因为色彩比重大，在混合料中具有着色、分散、吸附、稳定、增粘作用。(4)拌和温度应控制在160—170℃，拌和时间比普通时间多10s，出料后应及时检查粒料和颜色是否均匀。4．2彩色沥青混凝土路面施工工艺(1)首先为提高界面粘结力和减少雨水渗到路面结构，用沥青洒布车喷洒0．9kg／m的乳化沥青。喷洒乳化沥青注意以下几点：①在喷洒沥青前，将底基层清扫干净，检查下基层的是否坚实，平整和干燥。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand②当气温低于1O℃度或路面潮湿时，不得喷洒沥青。③对道路内的各种检查井井盖、侧平石、路缘石等外露部分以及人行道道面等，洒油时应加以遮盖，防止污染。④沥青要均匀洒布或涂刷，特别是在路缘石、雨水进水口，检查井等局部用刷子人工涂刷均匀。对浇洒过量处，予以刮除。⑤喷洒沥青后，严禁除施工以外的其他车辆、行人通过。(2)进行彩色沥青混凝土面层施工。4．3彩色沥青混凝土的摊铺(1)摊铺前检查摊铺机和压路机的工作状态是否良好。 (2)乳化沥青喷洒结束后应立即进行沥青混凝土摊铺。(3)沥青混凝土面层采用机械摊铺，具备条件可全幅摊铺，否则进行分幅摊铺。在摊铺时采用双侧挂钢丝绳引导的高程控制方式。(4)应严格控制摊铺机的工作速度，确保沥青混凝土缓慢，均匀，连续不问断地摊铺。摊铺过程中不得随意变换速度或中途停顿。严格按照松铺标高用垫块将熨平板垫好，确保起始摊铺厚度满足要求。摊铺虚厚按设计厚度乘以压实系数..1．15—1．20。(5)在道路摊铺沥青混凝土作业期间，应分段封闭交通，将机动车调流至其他车道。为了保证路面的平整度，应尽可能设定较长的施工段，以减少横接缝。(6)路口处与旧路连接，要先用铣刨机把旧路铣去一层再摊铺顺平。(7)沥青混凝土摊铺不得在雨天进行，当摊铺工作被中断，第二天恢复摊铺时，应采用“直茬热接”的方法。即施工开始时，将已完摊铺层端头切成立茬，形成垂直横向接缝。摊铺前端头应涂刷适量的乳化沥青，应防止斜茬，接缝过高，影响平整度。相邻两幅及上下层的横向接缝均应错位1m以上。施工缝必须保证紧密、平顺、构造物处一次性连续摊铺。4．4彩色沥青混凝土的碾压成型(1)压路机械选择：根据工程的工程量大小，施工场地复杂情况，选择的压路机的型号、功率和台数。不宜用轮胎压路机，因为对路面产生污染和粘料。(2)沥青混凝土经摊铺整型后应立即组织碾压，以保证压实温度。沥青混凝土的压实按初压、复压、终压三个阶段进行。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand(3)沥青混凝土初压温度不低于120℃，复压温度不低于90℃，终压温度不低于70℃。当沥青混凝土摊铺一段后，由重型压路机将路面静压1遍后，在带振动进行碾压1遍，即完成初压，以2535m／min的速度，相邻碾压带应重叠1／3—1／2轮迹，最后碾压中心部分，压完全幅为一遍。压路机每次应由两端折回的位置阶梯形的随摊铺机向前推进。使折回处不在同一横断面上，路边要加强压实，防止密实度不够。(4)在碾压过程中如发生过分位移，开裂或推移时，应立即停止碾压，待混合料温度稍降后再压。(5)沥青混合料经碾压成形后表面应色泽一致，粒料均匀、美观、平整密实，不应有泛油，松散，裂缝，粗细料集中等现象。接茬应紧密平顺，密实度达到质量标准且表面无明显碾压轮迹。5彩色沥青混凝土路面应用及发展(1)彩色沥青混凝土路面除具有沥青路面的所有优点之外还具备2大优点。①具有美化城市，改善道路环境，展示城市风格特色，具体应用于城市街道、广场、风景区、公园和旅游观景路等地方。②具有诱导车流，使交通管理直观化的作用，具体应用于区分不同功能的路段和车道，以提高驾驶员的识别效果，增加道路的通行能力和交通安全。目前我国彩色沥青混凝土路面已经成功地在厦门、广州、宁波、桂林、烟台、北京等20多个城市进行了铺设，效果颇佳，深受世人的好评。(2)彩色混凝土路面技术的发展，目前国外重点是对彩色沥青混凝土路面技术及其产品系列的研究，具体在以下几方面。①胶结料生产途径从传统的减压脱质向利用现代工业石油化工产品调配出与沥青性能相当的聚合物浅色胶结料发展，并研制开发了——红、黄、蓝、绿、驼色为主色的系列彩色沥青，其色彩、性能更加优良，寿命延长。②彩色沥青混凝土的生产和施工工艺也得到了不断改进，取得了很大的成绩，已先后开发了红、黄、绿、蓝等1O多种彩色沥青混凝土路面及其路面施工的工艺流程，形成了一套完整的彩色沥青混凝土路面应用技术。③ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand在彩色沥青混凝土里掺入夜间能发光的材料如玻璃珠，发光效果更好，使道路在夜间更醒目，针对我国公路网线复杂，车辆众多的情况，具有很高的实用价值。④另一种技术是彩色慢裂快凝乳化沥青稀浆封层。它是将彩色沥青与稀浆封层技术结合在一起彩色稀浆封层。由于薄层罩面，无需对原有路面进行铣刨等前期处理，所以施工方便，降低了彩色沥青路面成本，该技术填补了我国空白，适合城市施工，具有很高的发展价值。6结束语彩色沥青混凝土路面有美观、造价低等优点，在国内外 得到了广泛的应用，值得推广。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis'