土方量计算

'一、课程设计的目的、性质为了培养应用型人才，根据我校测绘专业的实际情况，此次课程设计的目的主要有以下几点：1、培养学生对测量数据进行工程实际应用及综合曲线中曲线内部加密桩号坐标的计算和分析能力。2、加强理论与实践相结合进一步深入理解理论，提高对道路勘测设计、工程测量学等教材的熟悉与应用能力。3、提高学生应用计算机及编程来处理测量数据的能力，以此来提高精度要求。4、锻炼和提高学生分析问题、解决问题的实际能力。本次课程设计的性质为集中教学，课程设计的时间为2011年1月4日到1月14日，各同学应到指定的教室作业。自己查找相关的参考资料、自己推证必要的计算公式、自己计算数据、自己编写课程设计报告。二、课程设计的任务与要求（一）、任务本次设计的任务较为繁重，计算工作较大，设计的相关内容较多，每位学生的主要任务有：1、高等级道路中线整桩点里程与坐标计算。2、在地形图上根据等高线及设计高程计算场地平整的填挖分界线及土方量的计算。（二）要求 每人必须在规定的时间内完成课程设计，具体要求如下：1、能够应用道路勘测设计的基础理论，尤其是道路中缓和曲线的数据处理，计算出平面的坐标与大地坐标转换。利用CAS漱件成图，完成道路设计略图。2、能够应用工程测量学中基础理论对地形图处理相应的土方量计算，然后用CAS函件成图。3、理解各种计算原理、模型的正确性，方法可行，提倡用EXCEL或VB编程等工具计算，但禁用网络上相关软件进行数据处理，以防精度不够及失控。（三）课程设计的组织安排与管理每班安排一名指导老师，我们测绘0742班由高平和老师负责指导。由于在设计中每位学生需要用计算机处理大量的数据而且需要查阅大量相关测量方面的书籍与文献等，故在时间上实行动态管理。其它时间由班长、班委会成员负责指导老师以外的纪律管理工作。三、课程设计的基本内容（一）、高等级道路整桩点里程与坐标计算1、已知数据如表1路段IP1K1+576.0764774634.521495567.594IP2K3+527.1464775585.76-"493382.504IP3K4+876.0534775557014492013287第一缓和曲线起点ZH第一缓和曲线终点或圆曲线起点HY曲线中点QZ第二缓和曲线起点或圆曲线终点YH第二缓和曲线”占一S八、、HZK2+794.457K2+944.457K3+516.840K4+089.223K4+239.223转角值转向左角度（°"〃）244341.53半径R缓和曲线长度切线长度曲线长度L夕卜距E 3000150732.6891444.76671.552OIP2-IP1OOP3-IP22933130.682684749.152、计算HZ点的大地坐标IP4到HZ点为直线段，所以HZ点坐标可根据坐标正算得到：T=732.689万位角oop3-ip2=2684749.15"=5.122982535rad△Xhz=T*cosa=292.455466m△YHz=T*sina=-671.7908686mXhz=△XHz+Xp2=493082.857mYhz=△Yhz+Yp2=4775534.133ti3、计算曲线上各细部点在独立坐标系中的坐标(切线支距法)(1)在ZH点建立独立坐标系：X轴指向交点，Y轴指向曲线内(2)根据已给数据计算q、p、(30如表2q=ls/2-lS3/240R2=74.9984375mB0=Is/2R=0.025radP=lS2/24R-ls4/2384R3=0.3125m(3)根据0=(li-ls)/R计算各曲线点的偏向(4)根据X=q+R*sin(p+0) Y=p+R*[1-cos(B+0)]RP2-IP10CIP3-IP2aRLS2933130.682684749.150.5545567473000150Pq3oXzhYzh0.312574.99843750.025493082.8574775534.133TLE732.689150.00071.552计算各曲线细部点在独立坐标系中的坐标如表3表3(5)根据X=Xz+Xcos(%-180,YiSin(%-180，Y=X》XiSin(%-180O)+YiCOS(%-180)将独立坐标转换为大地坐标名称IP212345678910HY里程K3+527.146K3+420K3+440K3+460K3+480K3+500K3+520K3+540K3+560K3+580K3+6002+794.457Y4775585.7674775481.6134775485.5624775489.384775493.0674775496.62347755.0484775503.3414775506.5034775509.5324775512.434775293.312X493382.504493458.954493439.348493419.716493400.058493380.377493360.673493340.946493321.197493301.428493281.639494954.295坐标34202794.457493439.3484775485.56234402794.457493419.7164775489.3834602794.457493400.0584775493.06734802794.457493380.3774775496.62335002794.457493360.67347755.048 35202794.457493340.9464775503.34135402794.457493321.1974775506.50335602794.457493301.4284775509.53235802794.457493281.6394775512.4336002794.457494954.2954775293.312(二)、在地形图上根据等高线及设计高程计算场地平整的填挖分界线及土方量1、计算过程(1)在地形图内绘制方格网，每个格网边长为十米，内插求出各个方格点的地面高程。(2)计算设计高程令与一个方格相关的方格点高程权为1,与两个方格相关的方格点高程权为2,与三个方格相关的方格点高程权为3,与四个方格相关的方格点高程权为4,利用求加权平均值的方法技术求出场地的平均高程。H设=2PH/2P(H设为水平场地设计高程，H为方格点的地面高程，Pi为方格网点的权)H设=220.921m(3)绘出填挖边界线。在地形图上登记等高线内插高程为H设的曲线。曲线即为填挖边界线。(4)计算填挖高度hi=H-H设（hi为正表示挖方，hi为负表示填方）（5）计算填挖土石方量 角点挖（填）高度*1/4方格面积边点挖（填）高度*2/4方格面积拐点挖（填）高度*3/4方格面积中点挖（填）高度*4/4方格面积填、挖土石方工程量分别计算，不能正负抵消。将全部方格的填、挖土石方工程量都计算出来后，按填、挖土石方工程量分别求和。2、填挖方公式推导：每个方格的体积V=S*（hi+h2+h3+h4）/4,hi~h4为小方格角点的设计高程与自然地面高程之差，hi角点出现一次，h2边点出现两次，h3拐点出现三次，h4中点出现四次。公式如下:V=C*（1/42hi+2/42h2+3/42hh+Bh，）填挖土方量计算表平整高程220.921权挖方权角点-6.26371角点1.321711边点-65.31172边点43.54362拐点-2.03893拐点1.19813中占1八、、-111.88514中占1八、、124.03124单位权土方量-147.63605单位权土方量147.032总填方量-14763.605总挖方量14703.2四、总结这次实习，主要是在于道路设计的精度要求，道路设计中方位角的运用，土方量中各交点权定义的问题通过这个实习使我掌握了关于土石方量计算，道路施工过程的各个步骤及相关计算并在工作中会得到应用的五、参考文献⑴、《工程测量学》(教材) ⑵、《公路工程技术标准》(JTJ001-97)⑶、《公路工程名词术语》(JTJ002-87)⑷、《公路路线设计规范》(JTJ011-94)⑸、《公路勘测规范》(JTJ061-99)⑹、《高速公路规划与设计》(高速公路丛书编委会，人民交通出版社，1999年4月第1版)⑺、《公路施工测量手册》(聂让等主编，人民交通出版社出版，2000年9月第1版)(8)《数字化测图原理与方法》(武汉大学编写)六、附录附表1编号高程权编号高程权1217.426-3.495139219.086-1.83542217.597-3.324240219.050-1.87243217.790-3.131241219.343-1.578441217.973-1-2.948242219.275-1.64645218.156-2.765243219.563-1.35846218.378-2.543244219.528-1.393471218.5891-2.332245219.724-1.19748218.804-2.117246219.690-1.23149219.039]-1.882247219.885-1.0364101219.2971-1.624248219.736-1.185411219.485-1.436149219.982-0.9394121217.761；-3.160250219.732-1.189413218.101-2.820251219.999-0.9224 14217.946-2.975452219.779-1.142415218.309-2.612453220.055-0.866416218.153-2.768454220.011-0.910217218.516-2.405455220.204-0.7172181218.3581-2.563456218.999-1.922219218.723-2.198457219.298-1.623220218.541-2.380458219.051-1.8704211218.9421-1.979459219.336-1.585422218.807-2.114460219.308-1.613423219.215-1.706461219.579-1.3424241219.0391-1.882462219.588-1.333425219.488-1.433463219.851-1.070426219.250-1.671464219.826-1.0954271219.4921-1.429465220.100-0.821428219.274-1.647466219.957-0.964429219.488-1.433467220.210-0.7124301219.4391-1.482468220.088-0.8334311219.582-1.339469220.315-0.606432219.680-1.241270220.228-0.6934331219.8221-1.099271220.420-0.5014341218.380-2.541272220.275-0.646435218.689-2.232273220.485-0.4364361218.6081-2.313474220.332-0.5894371218.8301-2.091475220.544-0.377438218.843-2.078476220.397-0.5242编号高程权编号高程局差权771220.613F-0.30812r119221.16510.244478219.585-1.3362120220.9610.040t2w279219.773-1.1482121221.1310.2104801219.623[-1.29814r122220.96810.047t2w281219.910-1.0114123221.1230.202482219.876r-1.04514124220.9760.055t2w283；220.172F-0.74914r125221.14310.222484220.147-0.7744126221.0310.110t1w385220.440-0.4814127221.2150.294486；220.387[-0.53414：128221.11710.196487220.696-0.2254129221.2960.375488220.402-0.5194130221.2190.2982891220.711[-0.21014「131221.41710.496290220.485-0.4364132218.831-2.090291220.727-0.1954133219.189-1.732292220.590-0.3314134219.005-1.916493220.760-0.1614135219.386-1.5354 94220.663-0.2584136219.176-1.745495220.842-0.079t3w1137219.504-1.417496220.728-0.1934138219.322-1.599497220.9280.007t1w3139219.649-1.272498220.814-0.1072140:219.471-1.450499221.0190.098t1w1141219.795-1.1264100218.493-2.4281142219.667-1.2544101218.683-2.2382143：219.968-0.9534102218.853-2.0692144219.952-0.9694103218.998-1.9232145220.254-0.6674104219.190-1.7312146:220.237-0.6844105219.386-1.5352147220.539-0.3824106219.653-1.2682148220.392-0.5294107219.850-1.0712149:220.814-0.107t3w1108219.964-0.9572150220.636-0.285t3w1109220.206-0.7152151221.0670.146t1w3110220.008-0.9132152220.878-0.043t2w2111220.443-0.4783153221.3110.3904112220.233-0.6884154221.0160.095t2w2113220.625-0.2964155221.4070.4864114220.470-0.4514156221.0820.161t1w3115220.776-0.145t3w1157221.4440.5234116220.738-0.183t3w1158221.3140.3934117221.0440.123t1w31591221.5110.5904118220.9680.047t2w2160221.3620.4414编号1高程般权编号高程权161；221.5590.6384203221.70010.7794162221.3530.4324204221.7000.7794163221.5750.6544205221.7000.77941641221.2870.3664206221.67510.7544165221.4880.5674207221.7000.7794166221.3290.4084208221.57610.65541671221.4570.5364209221.72210.8014168221.4020.4814210221.6570.7364169221.5290.6084211221.8150.89441701221.4750.5544212221.79410.8734171221.6350.7144213221.9511.0304172221.6140.6932214221.9311.01021731221.7750.8542215222.08811.1672174219.554-1.3672216220.284-0.6372175219.919-1.0022217220.721-0.200t1w1176219.845-1.0764218220.608-0.314t3w1177220.243-0.6784219221.0200.099t1w3 178219.964-0.9574220220.886-0.035t2w2179220.426-0.495]4P221：221.1640.2434180220.110-0.8114222221.0260.105t2w2181220.571-0.3504223221.3040.3834182220.255-0.66614『224:221.1660.245t1w3183220.711-0.210t3w1225221.4440.5234184220.398-0.5234226221.3060.3854185220.851-0.0701t2w2『227:221.5200.59941186220.683-0.238t3w1228221.4060.4854187221.1130.192t1w3229221.5510.6304188220.9680.0471t2w2P230:221.4510.5304「189221.2220.3004[2311221.6120.6914190221.0370.116t1w3232221.4940.5734191221.2660.34514P233:221.6560.73541192221.1720.25141234221.5390.6184193221.3100.3894235221.7000.7794194221.4270.50614[236221.5990.6784:195221.5280.60714[2371221.7420.8214196221.4940.5734238221.6360.7154197221.5650.64414；239221.7780.85741198221.5420.62114r2401221.6720.7514199221.6050.6844241221.8270.9064200221.6040.6834242221.7010.7804201221.6650.74414[2431221.9221.0014202221.6730.7524244221.7850.8644编号高程权［编号高程般权245222.0741.15314[2871222.4131.4924246221.8690.9484288222.3951.4744247222.1831.26214[289222.5591.6384:248221.9521.0314r290:222.5461.6254249222.2671.3464291222.6921.7714250222.0361.1154292222.6451.7244251222.3511.43014[2931222.8471.9264252221.9901.0694294222.5721.6514253222.2811.36014；295222.8321.9114254222.1031.1824[2961222.5001.5794255222.2541.3334297222.7601.8394256222.2391.3182298222.5521.6312257222.3961.4752r2991222.6541.7332258221.1360.2152300221.5940.6732259221.3950.4742301221.6920.7711260221.2790.3584302221.7330.8124261221.5380.6174303221.8320.9112 262221.4230.5024304221.8720.9514263221.6820.76114P305:221.9711.05021264221.5640.6434306221.9321.0114265221.8200.8994307222.0341.1132266221.6700.74914:308221.9020.98141267221.7900.8694309222.0041.0832268221.6400.7194310221.8720.9514269221.7600.83914：311222.0161.0952270221.6520.7314312221.8810.9604271221.7540.8334313222.0431.1222272221.7440.82314[314221.9721.05141273221.8450.9244[315222.1311.21021274221.8100.8894316222.0641.1434275221.9371.01614[317:222.2241.3032276221.8540.933]4r3181222.1571.2364277222.0071.0864319222.3191.3982278221.8940.97314r320222.2371.3164279222.0561.1354321222.4101.4892280221.9411.0204322222.3101.3894281222.0141.09314[323]222.4821.5612282222.1291.2084324222.3821.4614283222.2021.2814325222.5521.6312284222.0921.1714326222.4521.5314285222.2741.3534327222.6041.6832286222.2431.3224；328I222.5481.6274编号高程权编号高程般权「329222.6711.7502336223.0862.1654330222.6811.7604337223.2992.3782331222.8041.88312F338[223.0142.0934332222.8221.9014339222.8941.9732333222.9642.0432340223.2562.3352334222.9892.06814r341[223.1352.2141335223.1312.2102'