• 68.50 KB
  • 7页

蒸压轻质砂加气混凝土砌块施工工法

  • 7页
  • 当前文档由用户上传发布,收益归属用户
  1. 1、本文档共5页,可阅读全部内容。
  2. 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,可选择认领,认领后既往收益都归您。
  3. 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细先通过免费阅读内容等途径辨别内容交易风险。如存在严重挂羊头卖狗肉之情形,可联系本站下载客服投诉处理。
  4. 文档侵权举报电话:19940600175。
'蒸压轻质砂加气混凝土砌块施工工法1、前言蒸压轻质砂加气混凝土砌块是以水泥、石灰、砂为原料,经过高压蒸养而制成的无放射性、无污染的多孔无机环保墙体材料。蒸压轻质砂加气混凝土砌块是我国推广应用的新型高效节能建筑材料,具有轻质高强、保温隔声性好、施工方便、耐火持久、抗冻后质量和强度损失小、抗水渗透性高、提高工程质量等优点。蒸压轻质砂加气混凝土砌块质轻,可现场锯、刨、切割、开槽,规格尺寸标准,可在墙面只刮腻子,故可减少抹灰工序。在高层框架等结构中,采用蒸压轻质加气混凝土砌块代替传统加气混凝土砌块,效益可观。实现了保护环境、节约能源、改革墙体、提高室内环境的舒适度等目地的持续发展战略。蒸压轻质砂加气混凝土制品是绿色环保产品,具有质轻、保温、抗渗、防火、隔音等特点,而且在砌筑的过程中,外墙省去了保温材料,内墙直接披腻子,不用再抹灰了,采用干法施工,降低了综合造价,它是建筑节能达到65%标准的单一墙体材料。2、工法特点蒸压轻质砂加气混凝土砌块在物理力学性能、工艺性能、使用性能等方面具有下列特点和优势,从而使其在建筑行业中具有应用价值:⑴建筑体系适应性强,砌筑方便、组砌灵活,对建筑物的平面和空间变化无严格要求,能满足建筑设计变化的需要。⑵生产砌块的成本低廉,制作工艺简单。可因地制宜充分利用本地区的地方材料,可以变废为宝,化害为利,利用工业废渣作原料,可节约有限的资源。⑶施工机具设备简单,施工简便。⑷具有较好的耐久、保温、防潮、隔热和耐火等性能。3、适用范围(一)、蒸压轻质砂加气混凝土砌块适用于工业与民用建筑非承重墙体,和外墙有保温节能要求的非承重墙体,及工业与民用建筑等防火隔断墙体。1、用于抗震设防烈度为8度及8度以下,地震设防区和非地震地区。2、作为多层住宅的外墙。3、作为框架结构的填充墙。4、各种体系的非承重内隔墙。Morethaneightaspectsinputforwardclearlytheresponsibilityofunits,jobrequirementsanddeadlinesandunitsatalllevelsmustbeinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthestandardsandtimenodes,donotdiscount,withoutconditions,toensurethecompletionofeachkeyremediationtasks.(3)toadheretothescientificmeasuresandpolicies.Thecomprehensiveimprovementoftheoutstandingproblemsisacomplexsystemsengineering,mustinsistthegoal,carefuloperation,ensurestheeffect.Throughgroomingtoadheretothe"disposeofaccordingtolaw"and"scientific"combination.Forexample,onsomeroadmarket,mobilevendors,breakfastthenightmarketphenomenon,weshouldhaveadialecticalview.Ontheonehand,thismaybetheirmainsourceofincome,ifweputtheirjobssmashed,mayaffectsocialstability.Atthesametime,thesevendorscanrundown,indicatingthatthemarketdemand,wemustfromthepointofviewtoconsidertheissueoftownscapes,themassesreflectthestrong,itisnecessarytostrictlyinaccordancewiththeblow,alsowanttoinsistblocksparsecombination,movewithaffection,enlightenthemwithreason,thelaw,strengthentheeducationand (二)、作为保温材料,用于以下部位:屋面、地面、楼面以及易于产生“热桥”部位的构件复合,也可做墙体的外保温材料。1、如用作单一墙体材料或保温隔热材料,其厚度应根据当地节能要求经计算决定。2、相关适用范围请参照《蒸压加气混凝土砌块建筑构造》03J104,和《蒸压砂加气混凝土自保温墙体建筑构造》2007沪J/T-134,及《蒸压砂加气混凝土砌块墙体应用技术规程》DBJ/CT035-2007设计规定配套便用。(三)、蒸压加气混凝土砌块不得在以下部位使用:1. 建筑物±0.000以下墙体(地下室非承重内隔墙除外)。2. 长期浸水或经常受干湿交替的部位(做在导墙上,经防水处理的浴、厕隔墙、有饰面保护的外墙除外)。3. 化学浸蚀的环境,如强酸强碱或高浓度二氧化碳等浸蚀的部位。4. 砌体表面经常处于80℃、以上的高温环境部位。4、工艺原理蒸压轻质砂加气混凝土砌块是以水泥、石灰、砂为原料,经过高压蒸养而制成的无放射性、无污染的多孔无机环保墙体材料。采用蒸压轻质砂加气混凝土砌块取代传统加气混凝土,增强了墙体的保温隔声性、耐火性、抗水渗透性及抗冻等性能。Morethaneightaspectsinputforwardclearlytheresponsibilityofunits,jobrequirementsanddeadlinesandunitsatalllevelsmustbeinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthestandardsandtimenodes,donotdiscount,withoutconditions,toensurethecompletionofeachkeyremediationtasks.(3)toadheretothescientificmeasuresandpolicies.Thecomprehensiveimprovementoftheoutstandingproblemsisacomplexsystemsengineering,mustinsistthegoal,carefuloperation,ensurestheeffect.Throughgroomingtoadheretothe"disposeofaccordingtolaw"and"scientific"combination.Forexample,onsomeroadmarket,mobilevendors,breakfastthenightmarketphenomenon,weshouldhaveadialecticalview.Ontheonehand,thismaybetheirmainsourceofincome,ifweputtheirjobssmashed,mayaffectsocialstability.Atthesametime,thesevendorscanrundown,indicatingthatthemarketdemand,wemustfromthepointofviewtoconsidertheissueoftownscapes,themassesreflectthestrong,itisnecessarytostrictlyinaccordancewiththeblow,alsowanttoinsistblocksparsecombination,movewithaffection,enlightenthemwithreason,thelaw,strengthentheeducationand 5、施工工艺流程及操作要点定位放线、配制砂浆砌块排列、砌块校正并办理验线记录合格不合格合格不合格验线不合格检查竖缝灌砂浆、勒缝验收不合格养护并转入下道工序合格5.1墙体放线:墙体施工前应将基础顶面或楼层结构面按标高找平,依据图纸放出第一皮砌块轴线,砌体边线及门窗洞口位置线。5.2根据砌块砌体标高要求立好皮数杆,皮树杆立在砌体的转角处,纵向长度一般不应大于15m立一根。5.3配置砂浆:按设计要求的砂浆品种、强度等级进行砂浆配制,配合比由试验室确定。采用重量比,计量精度为水泥±2%,砂、石灰膏控制在±5%以内,应采用机械搅拌,搅拌时间不少于1.5min。5.4Morethaneightaspectsinputforwardclearlytheresponsibilityofunits,jobrequirementsanddeadlinesandunitsatalllevelsmustbeinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthestandardsandtimenodes,donotdiscount,withoutconditions,toensurethecompletionofeachkeyremediationtasks.(3)toadheretothescientificmeasuresandpolicies.Thecomprehensiveimprovementoftheoutstandingproblemsisacomplexsystemsengineering,mustinsistthegoal,carefuloperation,ensurestheeffect.Throughgroomingtoadheretothe"disposeofaccordingtolaw"and"scientific"combination.Forexample,onsomeroadmarket,mobilevendors,breakfastthenightmarketphenomenon,weshouldhaveadialecticalview.Ontheonehand,thismaybetheirmainsourceofincome,ifweputtheirjobssmashed,mayaffectsocialstability.Atthesametime,thesevendorscanrundown,indicatingthatthemarketdemand,wemustfromthepointofviewtoconsidertheissueoftownscapes,themassesreflectthestrong,itisnecessarytostrictlyinaccordancewiththeblow,alsowanttoinsistblocksparsecombination,movewithaffection,enlightenthemwithreason,thelaw,strengthentheeducationand 砌块的排列:根据工程设计施工图纸,结合砌块的品种规格,绘制砌体砌块的排列图,经审核无误后,按图进行排列。排列应从基础顶面或楼层面进行,排列时应尽量采用主规格的砌块,砌体中主规格砌块应占总量的80%以上。砌块排列上下皮应错缝搭砌,搭砌长度一般为砌块长度的1/3,也不应小于150mm。5.5外墙转角处及纵横墙交接处,应将砌块分皮咬槎,交错搭砌,砌体砌至门窗洞口边非整块时,应用同品种的砌块加工切割成。不得用其他砌块或砖镶砌。5.6砌体水平灰缝厚度一般为15mm,如果加网片筋的砌体水平灰缝的厚度为20~25mm,垂直灰缝厚度为20mm,大于30mm的垂直灰缝应用C20级细石混凝土灌实。5.7砌块砌体与结构构件位置有矛盾时,应先满足构件要求。5.8铺砂浆:将搅拌好的砂浆通过吊斗或手推车运至砌筑地点,在砌块就位前用大铁锹、灰勺进行分块铺灰,较小的砌块铺灰长度不得超过1500mm。5.9砌块就位与校正:砌块砌筑前应把表面浮沉和杂物清理干净,砌块就位应先远后近,先下后上,先外后内,应从转角处或定位砌块处开始,吊砌一皮校正一皮。5.10砌块就位与起吊应避免偏心,使砌块底面水平下落,就位时由人手扶控制对准位置,缓慢的下落,经小撬棍微撬,拉线控制砌体标高和墙面平整度,用托线板挂直,校正为止。5.11竖缝灌砂浆:每砌一皮砌块就位后,用砂浆灌实直缝,随后进行灰缝的勒缝(原浆勾缝),深度一般为3~5mm。表5.1每皮高度250mm的砌体抗压强度设计值f(N/mm2)胶黏剂级别砌块强度级别A2.0A2.5A3.5A5.0M2.50.500.670.901.33≥M50.540.730.971.42表5.2沿通缝截面的砌体抗剪强度设计值fv(N/mm2)胶黏剂强度级别砌块强度级别A2.0A2.5A3.5A5.0≥M50.10.10.10.1表5.3每皮高度250mm的砌体弹性模量E(N/mm2)胶黏剂强度级别砌块强度级别A2.0A2.5A3.5A5.0M2.5940110014802000≥M5980118016002200砌块配筋构件中的钢筋应采用HPB235级钢。抗拉强度设计值fy为210N/mm2Morethaneightaspectsinputforwardclearlytheresponsibilityofunits,jobrequirementsanddeadlinesandunitsatalllevelsmustbeinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthestandardsandtimenodes,donotdiscount,withoutconditions,toensurethecompletionofeachkeyremediationtasks.(3)toadheretothescientificmeasuresandpolicies.Thecomprehensiveimprovementoftheoutstandingproblemsisacomplexsystemsengineering,mustinsistthegoal,carefuloperation,ensurestheeffect.Throughgroomingtoadheretothe"disposeofaccordingtolaw"and"scientific"combination.Forexample,onsomeroadmarket,mobilevendors,breakfastthenightmarketphenomenon,weshouldhaveadialecticalview.Ontheonehand,thismaybetheirmainsourceofincome,ifweputtheirjobssmashed,mayaffectsocialstability.Atthesametime,thesevendorscanrundown,indicatingthatthemarketdemand,wemustfromthepointofviewtoconsidertheissueoftownscapes,themassesreflectthestrong,itisnecessarytostrictlyinaccordancewiththeblow,alsowanttoinsistblocksparsecombination,movewithaffection,enlightenthemwithreason,thelaw,strengthentheeducationand 。机械调直钢筋有可靠实验数据时,可按实验数据取值,但抗拉强度设计值fy不宜超过250N/mm2。冷拔钢筋弹性模量取2×105N/mm2。6、材料与设备(一)主要机具①机械:塔式起重机、卷扬机、砂浆搅拌机、电动切割机、提升架。②工具:瓦刀、夹具、电动手锯、灰斗、铁锹、线锤、皮数杆、尼龙线、红铅笔、吊篮、小撬棍等。(二)材料要求①砌块试验检测的各项指标,必须符合蒸压轻质砂加气混凝土砌块规定的技术性能标准。②水泥、砂子试验检测,必须符合水泥强度等级安定性标准,砂子的密度应符合建筑用砂规定。砂子碱集料反应,试件在规定的试验龄期膨胀率应小于0.1%。蒸压轻质砂加气混凝土砌块一般规格尺寸为:长度L(㎜):600宽度B(㎜):100、120、180、200、240、250、300高度H(㎜):200、240、250、300砌块技术性能标准表6.1砌块抗压、抗拉强度标准值序号强度种类符号强度级别A2.0A2.5A3.5A5.01抗压强度(N/mm2)fck1.601.802.403.502抗拉强度(N/mm2)ftk0.130.160.220.31(N/mm2)表6.2砌块抗压、抗拉强度设计值序号强度种类符号强度级别A2.0A2.5A3.5A5.01抗压强度(N/mm2)fc1.001.281.712.502抗拉强度(N/mm2)ft0.080.110.150.22表6.3砌块的弹性模量Ec(N/mm2)Morethaneightaspectsinputforwardclearlytheresponsibilityofunits,jobrequirementsanddeadlinesandunitsatalllevelsmustbeinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthestandardsandtimenodes,donotdiscount,withoutconditions,toensurethecompletionofeachkeyremediationtasks.(3)toadheretothescientificmeasuresandpolicies.Thecomprehensiveimprovementoftheoutstandingproblemsisacomplexsystemsengineering,mustinsistthegoal,carefuloperation,ensurestheeffect.Throughgroomingtoadheretothe"disposeofaccordingtolaw"and"scientific"combination.Forexample,onsomeroadmarket,mobilevendors,breakfastthenightmarketphenomenon,weshouldhaveadialecticalview.Ontheonehand,thismaybetheirmainsourceofincome,ifweputtheirjobssmashed,mayaffectsocialstability.Atthesametime,thesevendorscanrundown,indicatingthatthemarketdemand,wemustfromthepointofviewtoconsidertheissueoftownscapes,themassesreflectthestrong,itisnecessarytostrictlyinaccordancewiththeblow,alsowanttoinsistblocksparsecombination,movewithaffection,enlightenthemwithreason,thelaw,strengthentheeducationand 序号强度种类强度级别A2.0A2.5A3.5A5.01弹性模量14001600190023007、质量控制7.1主控项目①砖、砌块和砌筑砂浆的强度等级必须符合设计要求。有砌块产品合格证书、产品性能检测报告和砂浆试块试验报告。②砌块砌体纵横交叉转角处应同时砌筑,对于无法同时砌筑的部位,留槎处沿墙高每隔600mm,每120mm厚墙放一根φ6筋,其埋设长度以留槎处算起,每边不小于500mm,末端弯钩90°。7.2一般项目①蒸压砂加气混凝土砌块不应与其他块材混砌,但是底部现浇混凝土坎台,其高度不应小于200mm。②填充墙砌筑时拉结钢筋的位置应与砌块皮数相符合。拉结钢筋应置于开槽中,埋置长度应符合设计要求,竖向位置偏差不应超过一皮高度。③填充墙砌筑时应错缝搭砌,搭砌长度不应小于砌块长度的1/3;竖向通缝不应大于2皮。④采用粘结剂铺砌的砂加气混凝土砌块墙体的水平灰缝和竖向灰缝的厚度和宽度应为2--4mm。⑤填充墙砌至接近梁、板底时,应留一加气混凝土砌块定空隙,待填充墙砌雷蒙磨粉机筑完并应至少间隔7d后,再将其用封堵材料填嵌密实。⑥砂加气混凝土砌块墙体的一般尺寸允许偏差:轴线位移:10mm;垂直雷蒙磨度:墙高小于或等于3m时5mm,大于3m时10mm;表面平整度5mm;门窗洞口高、宽(后塞口)±5mm。8、安全措施8.1脚手架架设应符合《建筑施工安全检查标准》(JGJ59-99)及《建设工程安全生产管理条例》的规定。8.2切锯机、手提搅拌机等用电机具使用,应符合相关的安全技术规程。8.3砌块墙体施工期间,对楼层的临边、洞口应有安全围挡措施。9、环保措施Morethaneightaspectsinputforwardclearlytheresponsibilityofunits,jobrequirementsanddeadlinesandunitsatalllevelsmustbeinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthestandardsandtimenodes,donotdiscount,withoutconditions,toensurethecompletionofeachkeyremediationtasks.(3)toadheretothescientificmeasuresandpolicies.Thecomprehensiveimprovementoftheoutstandingproblemsisacomplexsystemsengineering,mustinsistthegoal,carefuloperation,ensurestheeffect.Throughgroomingtoadheretothe"disposeofaccordingtolaw"and"scientific"combination.Forexample,onsomeroadmarket,mobilevendors,breakfastthenightmarketphenomenon,weshouldhaveadialecticalview.Ontheonehand,thismaybetheirmainsourceofincome,ifweputtheirjobssmashed,mayaffectsocialstability.Atthesametime,thesevendorscanrundown,indicatingthatthemarketdemand,wemustfromthepointofviewtoconsidertheissueoftownscapes,themassesreflectthestrong,itisnecessarytostrictlyinaccordancewiththeblow,alsowanttoinsistblocksparsecombination,movewithaffection,enlightenthemwithreason,thelaw,strengthentheeducationand 9.1施工应严格执行国家现行有关的环境保护法律、法规。9.2施工过程中采取有效的防止噪声和粉尘飞扬措施,如将建筑物周围满挂密目式安全网,给操作工人发放耳塞等劳动保护用品。9.3施工现场及搅拌的污水须经过沉淀池沉淀,排入指定地点。10、效益分析蒸压轻质砂加气混凝土是一种性能非常优越的轻质、保温、用途广泛的内外墙体、屋面、楼层材料,不仅可以用于民用居住建筑的外墙围护、内墙隔断、平坡屋面,而且可以用于工业厂房屋面和外墙,也可以做四层以下混合结构建筑的承重墙体,更是各类钢结构建筑的内、外墙最佳材料,是目前唯一能够满足节能50%要求的单一材质外墙材料。但是,蒸压轻质砂加气混凝土在建筑中的应用尚未达到应有的水平,特别是在过去的应用中,加气混凝土制品仅仅简单地作为替代实心黏土砖的一般性墙体材料,而加气混凝土制品的另一个更为重要和突出的节能功效,尚未被充分认识,或者说是被忽略了。蒸压轻质砂加气混凝土砌块是我国推广应用的新型高效节能建筑材料,具有轻质高强、保温隔声性好、施工方便、耐火持久、抗冻后质量和强度损失小、抗水渗透性高、提高工程质量等优点。蒸压轻质砂加气混凝土砌块质轻,可现场锯、刨、切割、开槽,规格尺寸标准,可在墙面只刮腻子,故可减少抹灰工序。在高层框架等结构中,采用蒸压轻质加气混凝土砌块代替传统加气混凝土砌块,效益可观。Morethaneightaspectsinputforwardclearlytheresponsibilityofunits,jobrequirementsanddeadlinesandunitsatalllevelsmustbeinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthestandardsandtimenodes,donotdiscount,withoutconditions,toensurethecompletionofeachkeyremediationtasks.(3)toadheretothescientificmeasuresandpolicies.Thecomprehensiveimprovementoftheoutstandingproblemsisacomplexsystemsengineering,mustinsistthegoal,carefuloperation,ensurestheeffect.Throughgroomingtoadheretothe"disposeofaccordingtolaw"and"scientific"combination.Forexample,onsomeroadmarket,mobilevendors,breakfastthenightmarketphenomenon,weshouldhaveadialecticalview.Ontheonehand,thismaybetheirmainsourceofincome,ifweputtheirjobssmashed,mayaffectsocialstability.Atthesametime,thesevendorscanrundown,indicatingthatthemarketdemand,wemustfromthepointofviewtoconsidertheissueoftownscapes,themassesreflectthestrong,itisnecessarytostrictlyinaccordancewiththeblow,alsowanttoinsistblocksparsecombination,movewithaffection,enlightenthemwithreason,thelaw,strengthentheeducationand'