石化厂区渣土回填人工挖孔灌注桩施工工法(爆桩入岩,附示意图)

'exchangeexperienceinsafety,commendadvancedteamsandindividuals;8,theestablishmentoftheworkshopsafetymanagementnetwork,regularchecking,arrangementofsecuritywork,workshopandteamsecurityofficerroleintofullplay;9,issuedstrictenforcementoflaborprotectionarticles,healthstandards,anddoagoodjobpostworkers"laborprotectionwear,guaranteedpostworkers"safetyandhealth;10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.AssistantSuperintendentofsecurityresponsibilities1,Directoroftheworkshoponthesafetyoftheunitresponsible,DeputyDirectorinchargeofbusiness-widesecuritywork;2,seriouslycarryoutthepartyandthecountry"sworksafetylaws,regulations,standards,andresearchonsafetytechnology,exemplaryintheimplementationofoperationalproceduresandSafetyManager.10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.Groupleaders"safetyduties1andcarryoutbusinessandworkshoponsafetyinstructionsandrequirements,theteam"soverallresponsibilityforthesafetyandpersonalsafetyandhealthofworkers;2organizeandparticipateinsecurityactivities,adheretosafety,beforeclasstochecksecurity,aftersummingupthesecuritysystem;3,responsiblefornewworkers(includinginternships,accompanyingstaff)jobsafety,educationandtherighttostopwithoutthethird-leveleducationandsafetyassessmentofqualifiedworkersoperateindependently;4,foundaccidentssignsandaccidentstakeeffectivemeasurestopreventthesituationfromexpandingandreporting;shallimmediatelyreporttheaccidentandorganizedrescue,protectthescene,makedetailedrecords,participateinaccidentinvestigations,organizeworkerstoanalyzethecauseoftheaccident,theimplementationofpreventivemeasures;5,engaginginobviousdangerorseriousviolationsoftheemployeeshallbeentitledtostoptheoperationoftheproceduresandarrangementspostoperator,reporttotheleadership;6soastoimprovesafetyandfirefightingfacilities,equipmentinspectionsandmaintenancework,remainflexibletouse,checktheworkerreasonableuseofpersonalprotectiveequipment,andproperuseoffirefightingequipment.7,focusonteam-building,improvemanagementlevelofteams.Keeptheworksitetidy,clean,realizationofcivilization,anddoideologicalandpoliticalworkteam;8soastoimprovetracksafetycontest,commendtheadvancedexperiences.Craftsafetyresponsibilities1,responsiblefortheirownsafetyinthecontextofwork,ensurethesafetyandreliabilityofthetechnicalwork.2,isresponsibleforthepreparationoftechnicalspecificationsfortheunit"ssecurityandsafetymanagementsystem.Inthepreparationofstartup,shutdown,orwhenequipmentmaintenance,technicalfeasibility,tohavereliablehealthandsafetymeasuresandinspectionoftheimplementation.3,intheareaofstaffsecuritytechniqueandsafetytraining,organizationoftechnicaltrainingactivities,regularassessment.4,oftengoesintothefieldtocheck石化厂区渣土回填人工挖孔灌注桩施工工法1.前言人工挖孔灌注桩是一种可靠的地基处理形式，近年来被广泛的应用于各类建筑施工中。相对于机械成（扩）孔混凝土灌注桩来说具有成本低、效率高、操作简便、质量易控制、桩身垂直度及成桩质量容易保障等优点。对于工程创优和使用功能的保障使用具有深远的意义。在东方石化两厂搬迁改造工程PVA装置区醇解工序的施工中，由于厂区所处的地质构造为花岗岩层上回填渣土层，地基处理就采用了人工挖孔灌注桩的方式，并且取得了良好的效果，对此我们进行了人工挖孔灌注桩施工经验的总结，形成本工法。在本工法的形成过程中，开展了相关的QC成果活动，并获得了企业级QC成果一等奖、中国施工企业协会QC成果二等奖的成绩。2.工法特点1）与机械成桩相比，减少了大型机械的使用，工程造价低；工人进场即可施工，减少机械进场、拼装、定位、校准的时间，施工工期短。2）施工条件简单，施工工艺易于操作。3）由于采用人工挖孔，桩径、桩身垂直度易于保障。4）干孔作业成桩质量有保证。5）与同类工法比具有遇到的不利因素多，措施丰富多种的特点。体现在流砂、淤泥、有毒气体层的处理，护壁及微爆技术的应用等方面。3.适用范围本工法适用于石化厂区渣土回填区域建、构筑物的桩基施工，要求地基土质为风化砂土层，且地下水位低的土层；地貌类型属剥蚀残山山地，地面平坦。桩施工时穿越上部回填渣土层，强风化花岗岩层，桩端嵌入中风化花岗岩层。施工中要真实反应地质层的变化，为验证提供可靠的依据。productionsafetysituation,potentialaccidentisdiscoveredintimetoproposemeasurestoeliminatethem,tostopillegaloperations.Donotscatterinanemergency,tostoptheirwork,andtoimmediatelyreporttothemanagement.5participateinworkshopequipment,changesintechnologyprogrammeandreviewofroastingtemperaturecurveismodified,tocomplywithsafetyrequirementsandproductrequirements.6participateinanyaccidentinvestigation,analysis,andfindoutthereason,responsibilityandcomeupwithpreventivemeasures,andshallpromptlyreporttotheleadershiporauthority.7,makingmaintenance,shutdown,workprogramme,inparticularwhenprocesschanges,mappingworkwellbeforestart.Level1employeesafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudytherelevantsafetyinstructions,rulesandsafetyprocedures,masteringthepostoperatingrules;2,mustwearPPEasrequiredoperation,properuseandproperstorageofprotectiveequipmentandfire-fightingequipment;3,workwillfocusonsafety,stableoperationandstrictlyobservelabourdisciplineandprocessdisciplineandconscientiouslyrecords,gang,leave,isstrictlyprohibitedinthepost,notsleeping,slapstickandotherdisciplinarymatters,todiscouragetheillegalactionsofothersand...2,responsibleforfireanalysisandentertheTower,tanksofgasmeteringandanalysisdatareportedtotheauthorities.3,responsibleforaccidentinvestigation,statisticsandreportingwork.1electricalsafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudyandabidebythesafetyrulesandregulations,instrictcompliancewiththeprohibitionsandprovisionsofsafety,performguardduties.2,beforetheoperation,wearappropriatePPE,implementsecuritymeasures,issuingsafetypermits,inspectiontools,instrumentsareingoodcondition.3,anyelectricalappliancewithoutinspection,shallbedeemedtohaveaccesstoelectricity,isforbiddentotouch.4,electricalmaintenance,youmuststop,cutoffpower,andhangupthe"noclose"warningsignsbeforetheycanwork.5,goodjobinelectricity,maintenancerecords,easilyleadtokeypartsofongoingsupervisionandinspectionoftheaccident.-17- exchangeexperienceinsafety,commendadvancedteamsandindividuals;8,theestablishmentoftheworkshopsafetymanagementnetwork,regularchecking,arrangementofsecuritywork,workshopandteamsecurityofficerroleintofullplay;9,issuedstrictenforcementoflaborprotectionarticles,healthstandards,anddoagoodjobpostworkers"laborprotectionwear,guaranteedpostworkers"safetyandhealth;10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.AssistantSuperintendentofsecurityresponsibilities1,Directoroftheworkshoponthesafetyoftheunitresponsible,DeputyDirectorinchargeofbusiness-widesecuritywork;2,seriouslycarryoutthepartyandthecountry"sworksafetylaws,regulations,standards,andresearchonsafetytechnology,exemplaryintheimplementationofoperationalproceduresandSafetyManager.10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.Groupleaders"safetyduties1andcarryoutbusinessandworkshoponsafetyinstructionsandrequirements,theteam"soverallresponsibilityforthesafetyandpersonalsafetyandhealthofworkers;2organizeandparticipateinsecurityactivities,adheretosafety,beforeclasstochecksecurity,aftersummingupthesecuritysystem;3,responsiblefornewworkers(includinginternships,accompanyingstaff)jobsafety,educationandtherighttostopwithoutthethird-leveleducationandsafetyassessmentofqualifiedworkersoperateindependently;4,foundaccidentssignsandaccidentstakeeffectivemeasurestopreventthesituationfromexpandingandreporting;shallimmediatelyreporttheaccidentandorganizedrescue,protectthescene,makedetailedrecords,participateinaccidentinvestigations,organizeworkerstoanalyzethecauseoftheaccident,theimplementationofpreventivemeasures;5,engaginginobviousdangerorseriousviolationsoftheemployeeshallbeentitledtostoptheoperationoftheproceduresandarrangementspostoperator,reporttotheleadership;6soastoimprovesafetyandfirefightingfacilities,equipmentinspectionsandmaintenancework,remainflexibletouse,checktheworkerreasonableuseofpersonalprotectiveequipment,andproperuseoffirefightingequipment.7,focusonteam-building,improvemanagementlevelofteams.Keeptheworksitetidy,clean,realizationofcivilization,anddoideologicalandpoliticalworkteam;8soastoimprovetracksafetycontest,commendtheadvancedexperiences.Craftsafetyresponsibilities1,responsiblefortheirownsafetyinthecontextofwork,ensurethesafetyandreliabilityofthetechnicalwork.2,isresponsibleforthepreparationoftechnicalspecificationsfortheunit"ssecurityandsafetymanagementsystem.Inthepreparationofstartup,shutdown,orwhenequipmentmaintenance,technicalfeasibility,tohavereliablehealthandsafetymeasuresandinspectionoftheimplementation.3,intheareaofstaffsecuritytechniqueandsafetytraining,organizationoftechnicaltrainingactivities,regularassessment.4,oftengoesintothefieldtocheck4.工艺原理桩位经预验合格后，人工向下挖除回填渣土成孔。为保证土方不塌方，桩孔稳定，每下挖1m即浇筑混凝土护壁，循环施工直至挖到中风化花岗岩层，利用微爆破进行扩孔。将预制好的钢筋笼吊入桩孔内，分层浇筑混凝土成桩。5.工艺流程及操作要点5.1工艺流程(循环)施工准备→定位放线→开挖桩孔（不良地质处理）→护壁施工→扩孔→基底验收→安放钢筋笼→混凝土浇筑→检测→凿桩头5.2操作要点5.2.1施工准备1、主要材料钢筋：钢筋的级别、直径必须符合设计要求，有出厂合格证及复试报告。混凝土：使用有资质、信誉较好的混凝土配送单位提供商品混凝土。2、编写专项施工方案指导施工，并对施工人员进行技术交底，提出工艺要求，绘制桩位平面图及钢筋笼大样图。3、开挖前场地应完成三通一平。地上、地下电缆、管线、旧建筑物、设备基础等障碍物处理完毕。4、按照基础平面图，设置桩位轴线、定位点；桩孔四周撒灰线，测定高程水准点。5、人工挖孔施工的安全至关重要，开挖前应对施工人员进行全面的安全交底；操作前对吊具等设备进行安全可靠的检查和试验，确保施工安全。5.2.2定位放线1、定位productionsafetysituation,potentialaccidentisdiscoveredintimetoproposemeasurestoeliminatethem,tostopillegaloperations.Donotscatterinanemergency,tostoptheirwork,andtoimmediatelyreporttothemanagement.5participateinworkshopequipment,changesintechnologyprogrammeandreviewofroastingtemperaturecurveismodified,tocomplywithsafetyrequirementsandproductrequirements.6participateinanyaccidentinvestigation,analysis,andfindoutthereason,responsibilityandcomeupwithpreventivemeasures,andshallpromptlyreporttotheleadershiporauthority.7,makingmaintenance,shutdown,workprogramme,inparticularwhenprocesschanges,mappingworkwellbeforestart.Level1employeesafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudytherelevantsafetyinstructions,rulesandsafetyprocedures,masteringthepostoperatingrules;2,mustwearPPEasrequiredoperation,properuseandproperstorageofprotectiveequipmentandfire-fightingequipment;3,workwillfocusonsafety,stableoperationandstrictlyobservelabourdisciplineandprocessdisciplineandconscientiouslyrecords,gang,leave,isstrictlyprohibitedinthepost,notsleeping,slapstickandotherdisciplinarymatters,todiscouragetheillegalactionsofothersand...2,responsibleforfireanalysisandentertheTower,tanksofgasmeteringandanalysisdatareportedtotheauthorities.3,responsibleforaccidentinvestigation,statisticsandreportingwork.1electricalsafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudyandabidebythesafetyrulesandregulations,instrictcompliancewiththeprohibitionsandprovisionsofsafety,performguardduties.2,beforetheoperation,wearappropriatePPE,implementsecuritymeasures,issuingsafetypermits,inspectiontools,instrumentsareingoodcondition.3,anyelectricalappliancewithoutinspection,shallbedeemedtohaveaccesstoelectricity,isforbiddentotouch.4,electricalmaintenance,youmuststop,cutoffpower,andhangupthe"noclose"warningsignsbeforetheycanwork.5,goodjobinelectricity,maintenancerecords,easilyleadtokeypartsofongoingsupervisionandinspectionoftheaccident.-17- exchangeexperienceinsafety,commendadvancedteamsandindividuals;8,theestablishmentoftheworkshopsafetymanagementnetwork,regularchecking,arrangementofsecuritywork,workshopandteamsecurityofficerroleintofullplay;9,issuedstrictenforcementoflaborprotectionarticles,healthstandards,anddoagoodjobpostworkers"laborprotectionwear,guaranteedpostworkers"safetyandhealth;10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.AssistantSuperintendentofsecurityresponsibilities1,Directoroftheworkshoponthesafetyoftheunitresponsible,DeputyDirectorinchargeofbusiness-widesecuritywork;2,seriouslycarryoutthepartyandthecountry"sworksafetylaws,regulations,standards,andresearchonsafetytechnology,exemplaryintheimplementationofoperationalproceduresandSafetyManager.10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.Groupleaders"safetyduties1andcarryoutbusinessandworkshoponsafetyinstructionsandrequirements,theteam"soverallresponsibilityforthesafetyandpersonalsafetyandhealthofworkers;2organizeandparticipateinsecurityactivities,adheretosafety,beforeclasstochecksecurity,aftersummingupthesecuritysystem;3,responsiblefornewworkers(includinginternships,accompanyingstaff)jobsafety,educationandtherighttostopwithoutthethird-leveleducationandsafetyassessmentofqualifiedworkersoperateindependently;4,foundaccidentssignsandaccidentstakeeffectivemeasurestopreventthesituationfromexpandingandreporting;shallimmediatelyreporttheaccidentandorganizedrescue,protectthescene,makedetailedrecords,participateinaccidentinvestigations,organizeworkerstoanalyzethecauseoftheaccident,theimplementationofpreventivemeasures;5,engaginginobviousdangerorseriousviolationsoftheemployeeshallbeentitledtostoptheoperationoftheproceduresandarrangementspostoperator,reporttotheleadership;6soastoimprovesafetyandfirefightingfacilities,equipmentinspectionsandmaintenancework,remainflexibletouse,checktheworkerreasonableuseofpersonalprotectiveequipment,andproperuseoffirefightingequipment.7,focusonteam-building,improvemanagementlevelofteams.Keeptheworksitetidy,clean,realizationofcivilization,anddoideologicalandpoliticalworkteam;8soastoimprovetracksafetycontest,commendtheadvancedexperiences.Craftsafetyresponsibilities1,responsiblefortheirownsafetyinthecontextofwork,ensurethesafetyandreliabilityofthetechnicalwork.2,isresponsibleforthepreparationoftechnicalspecificationsfortheunit"ssecurityandsafetymanagementsystem.Inthepreparationofstartup,shutdown,orwhenequipmentmaintenance,technicalfeasibility,tohavereliablehealthandsafetymeasuresandinspectionoftheimplementation.3,intheareaofstaffsecuritytechniqueandsafetytraining,organizationoftechnicaltrainingactivities,regularassessment.4,oftengoesintothefieldtocheck根据建设单位提供的定位依据和定位放线的成果表，在校核定位依据无误后，进行定位放线。用仪器利用已知点设置主要轴线的控制点，并通过砌砖或浇筑混凝土的方式进行保护，以便在施工需要时能及时恢复各主轴线并控制其他点。在自检合格后，及时报建设或监理单位验收，验收合格签字认可后方可进行下道工序。细部定位,在每个桩位周围设置四个控制桩，作为复核桩位和检验人工挖孔桩孔径、孔位的依据，保证桩位偏差小于20mm。2、标高根据建设单位提供的高程控制点或高程定位依据，用水准仪测设该工程的正负零，在该工程附近不会发生沉降的地方钉桩并用混凝土固定保护，测设3个点作为该工程的高程控制点，每个月复测一次。5.2.3开挖桩孔1、良好地质条件下人工挖土，挖土次序为先挖中间部分后挖周边。利用提升葫芦将土运输出桩孔外，提升装置必须安装防脱钩倒转装置，料斗不得装满。四边垂直设置定位控制桩，每下挖1m利用线坠检查垂直度，出现偏差及时进行调整。人工挖孔图图5.2.3-12、不良地质条件下1）有流砂、淤泥由于淤泥层、流砂层含水率较大，相应部位钢筋混凝土护壁无法施工或根本无法成孔，且厚度未知。因此结合各方面因素，计划采用局部钢护筒护壁替代混凝土护壁的方法。钢护筒采用厚8mm钢板卷成桩径大小，长度为1.0m的圆筒。护筒内侧焊接四根吊环以方便下放和位置控制。先用污水泵将水抽出后，用井口控制桩找出桩心位置，在吊环上捆绑绳子，利用自身重力将钢护筒慢慢吊下至孔底。若局部遇到下降困难，使用大锤均匀敲击吊杆，使其下降。调整护筒位置后，则继续吊下第二节护筒，并以此类推，最后一节下放的护筒要高出上层混凝土护壁的底端，以至封闭整个淤泥、流砂层。放置钢护桶剖面图图5.2.3-2productionsafetysituation,potentialaccidentisdiscoveredintimetoproposemeasurestoeliminatethem,tostopillegaloperations.Donotscatterinanemergency,tostoptheirwork,andtoimmediatelyreporttothemanagement.5participateinworkshopequipment,changesintechnologyprogrammeandreviewofroastingtemperaturecurveismodified,tocomplywithsafetyrequirementsandproductrequirements.6participateinanyaccidentinvestigation,analysis,andfindoutthereason,responsibilityandcomeupwithpreventivemeasures,andshallpromptlyreporttotheleadershiporauthority.7,makingmaintenance,shutdown,workprogramme,inparticularwhenprocesschanges,mappingworkwellbeforestart.Level1employeesafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudytherelevantsafetyinstructions,rulesandsafetyprocedures,masteringthepostoperatingrules;2,mustwearPPEasrequiredoperation,properuseandproperstorageofprotectiveequipmentandfire-fightingequipment;3,workwillfocusonsafety,stableoperationandstrictlyobservelabourdisciplineandprocessdisciplineandconscientiouslyrecords,gang,leave,isstrictlyprohibitedinthepost,notsleeping,slapstickandotherdisciplinarymatters,todiscouragetheillegalactionsofothersand...2,responsibleforfireanalysisandentertheTower,tanksofgasmeteringandanalysisdatareportedtotheauthorities.3,responsibleforaccidentinvestigation,statisticsandreportingwork.1electricalsafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudyandabidebythesafetyrulesandregulations,instrictcompliancewiththeprohibitionsandprovisionsofsafety,performguardduties.2,beforetheoperation,wearappropriatePPE,implementsecuritymeasures,issuingsafetypermits,inspectiontools,instrumentsareingoodcondition.3,anyelectricalappliancewithoutinspection,shallbedeemedtohaveaccesstoelectricity,isforbiddentotouch.4,electricalmaintenance,youmuststop,cutoffpower,andhangupthe"noclose"warningsignsbeforetheycanwork.5,goodjobinelectricity,maintenancerecords,easilyleadtokeypartsofongoingsupervisionandinspectionoftheaccident.-17- exchangeexperienceinsafety,commendadvancedteamsandindividuals;8,theestablishmentoftheworkshopsafetymanagementnetwork,regularchecking,arrangementofsecuritywork,workshopandteamsecurityofficerroleintofullplay;9,issuedstrictenforcementoflaborprotectionarticles,healthstandards,anddoagoodjobpostworkers"laborprotectionwear,guaranteedpostworkers"safetyandhealth;10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.AssistantSuperintendentofsecurityresponsibilities1,Directoroftheworkshoponthesafetyoftheunitresponsible,DeputyDirectorinchargeofbusiness-widesecuritywork;2,seriouslycarryoutthepartyandthecountry"sworksafetylaws,regulations,standards,andresearchonsafetytechnology,exemplaryintheimplementationofoperationalproceduresandSafetyManager.10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.Groupleaders"safetyduties1andcarryoutbusinessandworkshoponsafetyinstructionsandrequirements,theteam"soverallresponsibilityforthesafetyandpersonalsafetyandhealthofworkers;2organizeandparticipateinsecurityactivities,adheretosafety,beforeclasstochecksecurity,aftersummingupthesecuritysystem;3,responsiblefornewworkers(includinginternships,accompanyingstaff)jobsafety,educationandtherighttostopwithoutthethird-leveleducationandsafetyassessmentofqualifiedworkersoperateindependently;4,foundaccidentssignsandaccidentstakeeffectivemeasurestopreventthesituationfromexpandingandreporting;shallimmediatelyreporttheaccidentandorganizedrescue,protectthescene,makedetailedrecords,participateinaccidentinvestigations,organizeworkerstoanalyzethecauseoftheaccident,theimplementationofpreventivemeasures;5,engaginginobviousdangerorseriousviolationsoftheemployeeshallbeentitledtostoptheoperationoftheproceduresandarrangementspostoperator,reporttotheleadership;6soastoimprovesafetyandfirefightingfacilities,equipmentinspectionsandmaintenancework,remainflexibletouse,checktheworkerreasonableuseofpersonalprotectiveequipment,andproperuseoffirefightingequipment.7,focusonteam-building,improvemanagementlevelofteams.Keeptheworksitetidy,clean,realizationofcivilization,anddoideologicalandpoliticalworkteam;8soastoimprovetracksafetycontest,commendtheadvancedexperiences.Craftsafetyresponsibilities1,responsiblefortheirownsafetyinthecontextofwork,ensurethesafetyandreliabilityofthetechnicalwork.2,isresponsibleforthepreparationoftechnicalspecificationsfortheunit"ssecurityandsafetymanagementsystem.Inthepreparationofstartup,shutdown,orwhenequipmentmaintenance,technicalfeasibility,tohavereliablehealthandsafetymeasuresandinspectionoftheimplementation.3,intheareaofstaffsecuritytechniqueandsafetytraining,organizationoftechnicaltrainingactivities,regularassessment.4,oftengoesintothefieldtocheck钢护筒就位后，在搭接缝隙处填灌素混凝土，并将吊环与上层护筒焊接，以增加接头处密封性和整体性。护筒下放后不可立即进行挖孔施工，需放置24小时，确认无大量淤泥、流砂渗入后方可继续施工。2）有毒气体石化厂区土质中易存留化学污染物质，在人工挖孔的施工中与空气接触形成有毒气体。因此，有毒气体的桩孔在施工时，要采取相应的安全措施。施工前，先了解施工作业面的地质环境。开挖前试挖试验桩进行气体检测，出现异常及时上报现场安全管理人员。经证实孔内气体异常，现场立即成立毒气防治小组，用安全警戒绳进行围栏，并进行明显标识。通知相关检测单位对气体进行检测。每日下孔作业前，对桩孔自底向上通风15分钟（鼓风机排量5~6.2m3/分钟）。施工作业时必须保持连续通风。孔内作业人员每30分钟与地面作业人员进行轮换一次。凡下孔人员必须戴好防毒面具（或防毒口罩），戴好安全带、安全绳，以保证出现问题时及时出孔。只要孔内有人，孔口必须设一名监护人员，密切关注孔底人员状况。对于深度大于10m的桩孔，每隔2分钟向桩内作业人员喊话，询问桩底情况。统计有毒气体桩孔内出现毒气时的深度，其他未开挖桩孔挖至相应深度时必须引起警觉，若出现异味，及时采取相应防治措施。严禁酒后作业，严禁在桩孔内吸烟，不得在孔底使用明火。若发现毒气味道浓度增加或扩散面积较大，毒气防治小组成员应立即上报有关部门，进一步研究处理方案。5.2.4护壁施工1、桩基采用无齿形混凝土护壁，护壁混凝土等级采用C20，护壁厚度为120mm，每节深1.0m，搭接0.1m。2、护壁模板采用自制定型钢模，每节分4块，块与块之间利用U型卡口连接，模板采用2mm厚铁板，内加5cm宽的加劲肋，加劲肋为20cm×20cm的方格形状。productionsafetysituation,potentialaccidentisdiscoveredintimetoproposemeasurestoeliminatethem,tostopillegaloperations.Donotscatterinanemergency,tostoptheirwork,andtoimmediatelyreporttothemanagement.5participateinworkshopequipment,changesintechnologyprogrammeandreviewofroastingtemperaturecurveismodified,tocomplywithsafetyrequirementsandproductrequirements.6participateinanyaccidentinvestigation,analysis,andfindoutthereason,responsibilityandcomeupwithpreventivemeasures,andshallpromptlyreporttotheleadershiporauthority.7,makingmaintenance,shutdown,workprogramme,inparticularwhenprocesschanges,mappingworkwellbeforestart.Level1employeesafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudytherelevantsafetyinstructions,rulesandsafetyprocedures,masteringthepostoperatingrules;2,mustwearPPEasrequiredoperation,properuseandproperstorageofprotectiveequipmentandfire-fightingequipment;3,workwillfocusonsafety,stableoperationandstrictlyobservelabourdisciplineandprocessdisciplineandconscientiouslyrecords,gang,leave,isstrictlyprohibitedinthepost,notsleeping,slapstickandotherdisciplinarymatters,todiscouragetheillegalactionsofothersand...2,responsibleforfireanalysisandentertheTower,tanksofgasmeteringandanalysisdatareportedtotheauthorities.3,responsibleforaccidentinvestigation,statisticsandreportingwork.1electricalsafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudyandabidebythesafetyrulesandregulations,instrictcompliancewiththeprohibitionsandprovisionsofsafety,performguardduties.2,beforetheoperation,wearappropriatePPE,implementsecuritymeasures,issuingsafetypermits,inspectiontools,instrumentsareingoodcondition.3,anyelectricalappliancewithoutinspection,shallbedeemedtohaveaccesstoelectricity,isforbiddentotouch.4,electricalmaintenance,youmuststop,cutoffpower,andhangupthe"noclose"warningsignsbeforetheycanwork.5,goodjobinelectricity,maintenancerecords,easilyleadtokeypartsofongoingsupervisionandinspectionoftheaccident.-17- exchangeexperienceinsafety,commendadvancedteamsandindividuals;8,theestablishmentoftheworkshopsafetymanagementnetwork,regularchecking,arrangementofsecuritywork,workshopandteamsecurityofficerroleintofullplay;9,issuedstrictenforcementoflaborprotectionarticles,healthstandards,anddoagoodjobpostworkers"laborprotectionwear,guaranteedpostworkers"safetyandhealth;10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.AssistantSuperintendentofsecurityresponsibilities1,Directoroftheworkshoponthesafetyoftheunitresponsible,DeputyDirectorinchargeofbusiness-widesecuritywork;2,seriouslycarryoutthepartyandthecountry"sworksafetylaws,regulations,standards,andresearchonsafetytechnology,exemplaryintheimplementationofoperationalproceduresandSafetyManager.10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.Groupleaders"safetyduties1andcarryoutbusinessandworkshoponsafetyinstructionsandrequirements,theteam"soverallresponsibilityforthesafetyandpersonalsafetyandhealthofworkers;2organizeandparticipateinsecurityactivities,adheretosafety,beforeclasstochecksecurity,aftersummingupthesecuritysystem;3,responsiblefornewworkers(includinginternships,accompanyingstaff)jobsafety,educationandtherighttostopwithoutthethird-leveleducationandsafetyassessmentofqualifiedworkersoperateindependently;4,foundaccidentssignsandaccidentstakeeffectivemeasurestopreventthesituationfromexpandingandreporting;shallimmediatelyreporttheaccidentandorganizedrescue,protectthescene,makedetailedrecords,participateinaccidentinvestigations,organizeworkerstoanalyzethecauseoftheaccident,theimplementationofpreventivemeasures;5,engaginginobviousdangerorseriousviolationsoftheemployeeshallbeentitledtostoptheoperationoftheproceduresandarrangementspostoperator,reporttotheleadership;6soastoimprovesafetyandfirefightingfacilities,equipmentinspectionsandmaintenancework,remainflexibletouse,checktheworkerreasonableuseofpersonalprotectiveequipment,andproperuseoffirefightingequipment.7,focusonteam-building,improvemanagementlevelofteams.Keeptheworksitetidy,clean,realizationofcivilization,anddoideologicalandpoliticalworkteam;8soastoimprovetracksafetycontest,commendtheadvancedexperiences.Craftsafetyresponsibilities1,responsiblefortheirownsafetyinthecontextofwork,ensurethesafetyandreliabilityofthetechnicalwork.2,isresponsibleforthepreparationoftechnicalspecificationsfortheunit"ssecurityandsafetymanagementsystem.Inthepreparationofstartup,shutdown,orwhenequipmentmaintenance,technicalfeasibility,tohavereliablehealthandsafetymeasuresandinspectionoftheimplementation.3,intheareaofstaffsecuritytechniqueandsafetytraining,organizationoftechnicaltrainingactivities,regularassessment.4,oftengoesintothefieldtocheck3、模板的形状为圆台形，倾斜角度为6°。模板上口外直径为1.24m，下口外直径为1.36m，模板长度为1m。拆上节，支下节，循环周转使用。模板间用U形卡连接，以便浇灌混凝土和下一节挖土操作。模板加固要牢固，采用十字撑内固定法，严防跑模。4、首节混凝土护壁平台须高出地面30cm，并形成沿口护圈，护圈的壁厚为30cm,护圈配筋为4Φ14,箍筋φ8@200。护壁混凝土分层均匀灌注，用钢筋插捣密实。图5.2.4-15、护壁混凝土标号为C20，可采用自拌混凝土。当上一节的护壁混凝土强度达到1MPa（按照约1天）时，方可拆除该模板，进入下一节的开挖，否则严禁拆除模板挖孔施工。为加强护壁的安全性，在护壁内加适量的钢筋：环向采用φ8@200钢筋排列；竖向采用φ10@150钢筋布置，接头位置顶段竖向筋锚入下护壁体内不少于500mm，中间段锚入下护壁体内不少于250mm。对于松散区域的护壁要增设钢筋网片。护壁剖面图图5.2.4-25.2.5入岩扩孔桩身入岩部分需嵌入中风化花岗岩层，并向外扩大桩头。由于中风化花岗岩层较为坚硬，利用人工很难施工，并且工期较紧。故计划使用微爆技术进行爆破扩孔。桩基入岩爆破参数不同于自由面大的隧道爆破参数，但可参照矿山竖井开拓时的一些爆破参数。其实际值应根据所爆破的孔桩直径、岩石的物理力学性能、岩石的风化程度、岩石的结构组分、内聚力、裂隙性、特别是岩石的变形性及其动力特性、以及所用炸药的性能来确定。因爆破面小，且爆破深度浅，一般采用小孔掏槽爆破，用环状掏槽，减少对桩底及周围基岩的破坏。爆桩入岩采用手持式气动凿岩机钻眼，入岩深度要求60cm时打孔深度80cm，孔径40mm。入岩深度超过60cm时分两次爆破，第一次打孔深度100cm，孔径40mmproductionsafetysituation,potentialaccidentisdiscoveredintimetoproposemeasurestoeliminatethem,tostopillegaloperations.Donotscatterinanemergency,tostoptheirwork,andtoimmediatelyreporttothemanagement.5participateinworkshopequipment,changesintechnologyprogrammeandreviewofroastingtemperaturecurveismodified,tocomplywithsafetyrequirementsandproductrequirements.6participateinanyaccidentinvestigation,analysis,andfindoutthereason,responsibilityandcomeupwithpreventivemeasures,andshallpromptlyreporttotheleadershiporauthority.7,makingmaintenance,shutdown,workprogramme,inparticularwhenprocesschanges,mappingworkwellbeforestart.Level1employeesafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudytherelevantsafetyinstructions,rulesandsafetyprocedures,masteringthepostoperatingrules;2,mustwearPPEasrequiredoperation,properuseandproperstorageofprotectiveequipmentandfire-fightingequipment;3,workwillfocusonsafety,stableoperationandstrictlyobservelabourdisciplineandprocessdisciplineandconscientiouslyrecords,gang,leave,isstrictlyprohibitedinthepost,notsleeping,slapstickandotherdisciplinarymatters,todiscouragetheillegalactionsofothersand...2,responsibleforfireanalysisandentertheTower,tanksofgasmeteringandanalysisdatareportedtotheauthorities.3,responsibleforaccidentinvestigation,statisticsandreportingwork.1electricalsafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudyandabidebythesafetyrulesandregulations,instrictcompliancewiththeprohibitionsandprovisionsofsafety,performguardduties.2,beforetheoperation,wearappropriatePPE,implementsecuritymeasures,issuingsafetypermits,inspectiontools,instrumentsareingoodcondition.3,anyelectricalappliancewithoutinspection,shallbedeemedtohaveaccesstoelectricity,isforbiddentotouch.4,electricalmaintenance,youmuststop,cutoffpower,andhangupthe"noclose"warningsignsbeforetheycanwork.5,goodjobinelectricity,maintenancerecords,easilyleadtokeypartsofongoingsupervisionandinspectionoftheaccident.-17- exchangeexperienceinsafety,commendadvancedteamsandindividuals;8,theestablishmentoftheworkshopsafetymanagementnetwork,regularchecking,arrangementofsecuritywork,workshopandteamsecurityofficerroleintofullplay;9,issuedstrictenforcementoflaborprotectionarticles,healthstandards,anddoagoodjobpostworkers"laborprotectionwear,guaranteedpostworkers"safetyandhealth;10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.AssistantSuperintendentofsecurityresponsibilities1,Directoroftheworkshoponthesafetyoftheunitresponsible,DeputyDirectorinchargeofbusiness-widesecuritywork;2,seriouslycarryoutthepartyandthecountry"sworksafetylaws,regulations,standards,andresearchonsafetytechnology,exemplaryintheimplementationofoperationalproceduresandSafetyManager.10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.Groupleaders"safetyduties1andcarryoutbusinessandworkshoponsafetyinstructionsandrequirements,theteam"soverallresponsibilityforthesafetyandpersonalsafetyandhealthofworkers;2organizeandparticipateinsecurityactivities,adheretosafety,beforeclasstochecksecurity,aftersummingupthesecuritysystem;3,responsiblefornewworkers(includinginternships,accompanyingstaff)jobsafety,educationandtherighttostopwithoutthethird-leveleducationandsafetyassessmentofqualifiedworkersoperateindependently;4,foundaccidentssignsandaccidentstakeeffectivemeasurestopreventthesituationfromexpandingandreporting;shallimmediatelyreporttheaccidentandorganizedrescue,protectthescene,makedetailedrecords,participateinaccidentinvestigations,organizeworkerstoanalyzethecauseoftheaccident,theimplementationofpreventivemeasures;5,engaginginobviousdangerorseriousviolationsoftheemployeeshallbeentitledtostoptheoperationoftheproceduresandarrangementspostoperator,reporttotheleadership;6soastoimprovesafetyandfirefightingfacilities,equipmentinspectionsandmaintenancework,remainflexibletouse,checktheworkerreasonableuseofpersonalprotectiveequipment,andproperuseoffirefightingequipment.7,focusonteam-building,improvemanagementlevelofteams.Keeptheworksitetidy,clean,realizationofcivilization,anddoideologicalandpoliticalworkteam;8soastoimprovetracksafetycontest,commendtheadvancedexperiences.Craftsafetyresponsibilities1,responsiblefortheirownsafetyinthecontextofwork,ensurethesafetyandreliabilityofthetechnicalwork.2,isresponsibleforthepreparationoftechnicalspecificationsfortheunit"ssecurityandsafetymanagementsystem.Inthepreparationofstartup,shutdown,orwhenequipmentmaintenance,technicalfeasibility,tohavereliablehealthandsafetymeasuresandinspectionoftheimplementation.3,intheareaofstaffsecuritytechniqueandsafetytraining,organizationoftechnicaltrainingactivities,regularassessment.4,oftengoesintothefieldtocheck，然后根据第一次爆破深度情况确定第二次爆破孔深。如个别桩孔一次爆破深度不够，则进行第二次、第三次爆破。在小直径孔桩爆破中，工作面通常按掏槽眼3～4个，周边眼7～13个。对于大直径桩，工作面通常按掏槽眼5～7个，周边眼12～16个。其中掏槽眼按照锥形布置，倾角10～15°。施工时对掏槽眼必须严格控制倾斜角度，掏槽完毕后，派专业爆破人员逐一检查，对不符合要求的掏槽眼，则选择就近重新钻眼；一次爆破时周边眼采用垂直眼，均匀布置，对有扩大头的桩，则二次爆破时周边孔向外倾，但应比扩大头倾角小5-10°，以保证扩大头围岩的稳定性及避免超挖。爆孔示意图图5.2.5-1鉴于桩内较潮湿，少量桩孔内有水的情况，选用防水炸药和非电毫秒导爆管雷管，另外为了保证成孔护壁在爆破施工中的稳定性，选用爆炸威力适中的炸药。掏槽孔先爆，周边孔后爆，时间差为50ms。80cm孔深爆破药量：掏槽孔200g周边孔150g100cm孔深爆破药量：掏槽孔250g周边孔200g5.2.6验收检查1、孔径成孔桩径允许偏差为±50mm，桩位允许偏差为≤20mmproductionsafetysituation,potentialaccidentisdiscoveredintimetoproposemeasurestoeliminatethem,tostopillegaloperations.Donotscatterinanemergency,tostoptheirwork,andtoimmediatelyreporttothemanagement.5participateinworkshopequipment,changesintechnologyprogrammeandreviewofroastingtemperaturecurveismodified,tocomplywithsafetyrequirementsandproductrequirements.6participateinanyaccidentinvestigation,analysis,andfindoutthereason,responsibilityandcomeupwithpreventivemeasures,andshallpromptlyreporttotheleadershiporauthority.7,makingmaintenance,shutdown,workprogramme,inparticularwhenprocesschanges,mappingworkwellbeforestart.Level1employeesafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudytherelevantsafetyinstructions,rulesandsafetyprocedures,masteringthepostoperatingrules;2,mustwearPPEasrequiredoperation,properuseandproperstorageofprotectiveequipmentandfire-fightingequipment;3,workwillfocusonsafety,stableoperationandstrictlyobservelabourdisciplineandprocessdisciplineandconscientiouslyrecords,gang,leave,isstrictlyprohibitedinthepost,notsleeping,slapstickandotherdisciplinarymatters,todiscouragetheillegalactionsofothersand...2,responsibleforfireanalysisandentertheTower,tanksofgasmeteringandanalysisdatareportedtotheauthorities.3,responsibleforaccidentinvestigation,statisticsandreportingwork.1electricalsafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudyandabidebythesafetyrulesandregulations,instrictcompliancewiththeprohibitionsandprovisionsofsafety,performguardduties.2,beforetheoperation,wearappropriatePPE,implementsecuritymeasures,issuingsafetypermits,inspectiontools,instrumentsareingoodcondition.3,anyelectricalappliancewithoutinspection,shallbedeemedtohaveaccesstoelectricity,isforbiddentotouch.4,electricalmaintenance,youmuststop,cutoffpower,andhangupthe"noclose"warningsignsbeforetheycanwork.5,goodjobinelectricity,maintenancerecords,easilyleadtokeypartsofongoingsupervisionandinspectionoftheaccident.-17- exchangeexperienceinsafety,commendadvancedteamsandindividuals;8,theestablishmentoftheworkshopsafetymanagementnetwork,regularchecking,arrangementofsecuritywork,workshopandteamsecurityofficerroleintofullplay;9,issuedstrictenforcementoflaborprotectionarticles,healthstandards,anddoagoodjobpostworkers"laborprotectionwear,guaranteedpostworkers"safetyandhealth;10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.AssistantSuperintendentofsecurityresponsibilities1,Directoroftheworkshoponthesafetyoftheunitresponsible,DeputyDirectorinchargeofbusiness-widesecuritywork;2,seriouslycarryoutthepartyandthecountry"sworksafetylaws,regulations,standards,andresearchonsafetytechnology,exemplaryintheimplementationofoperationalproceduresandSafetyManager.10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.Groupleaders"safetyduties1andcarryoutbusinessandworkshoponsafetyinstructionsandrequirements,theteam"soverallresponsibilityforthesafetyandpersonalsafetyandhealthofworkers;2organizeandparticipateinsecurityactivities,adheretosafety,beforeclasstochecksecurity,aftersummingupthesecuritysystem;3,responsiblefornewworkers(includinginternships,accompanyingstaff)jobsafety,educationandtherighttostopwithoutthethird-leveleducationandsafetyassessmentofqualifiedworkersoperateindependently;4,foundaccidentssignsandaccidentstakeeffectivemeasurestopreventthesituationfromexpandingandreporting;shallimmediatelyreporttheaccidentandorganizedrescue,protectthescene,makedetailedrecords,participateinaccidentinvestigations,organizeworkerstoanalyzethecauseoftheaccident,theimplementationofpreventivemeasures;5,engaginginobviousdangerorseriousviolationsoftheemployeeshallbeentitledtostoptheoperationoftheproceduresandarrangementspostoperator,reporttotheleadership;6soastoimprovesafetyandfirefightingfacilities,equipmentinspectionsandmaintenancework,remainflexibletouse,checktheworkerreasonableuseofpersonalprotectiveequipment,andproperuseoffirefightingequipment.7,focusonteam-building,improvemanagementlevelofteams.Keeptheworksitetidy,clean,realizationofcivilization,anddoideologicalandpoliticalworkteam;8soastoimprovetracksafetycontest,commendtheadvancedexperiences.Craftsafetyresponsibilities1,responsiblefortheirownsafetyinthecontextofwork,ensurethesafetyandreliabilityofthetechnicalwork.2,isresponsibleforthepreparationoftechnicalspecificationsfortheunit"ssecurityandsafetymanagementsystem.Inthepreparationofstartup,shutdown,orwhenequipmentmaintenance,technicalfeasibility,tohavereliablehealthandsafetymeasuresandinspectionoftheimplementation.3,intheareaofstaffsecuritytechniqueandsafetytraining,organizationoftechnicaltrainingactivities,regularassessment.4,oftengoesintothefieldtocheck。利用细部四周的控制桩拉线控制桩位及孔径，每浇注一段护壁前均需各角度复测桩径。2、垂直度桩的垂直度偏差不得大于L/100（单位为毫米，L为桩长），每挖孔一段（1m），挖孔人员及质检员均需用吊坠复测垂直度。3、基底验收桩端进入持力层不小于设计要求深度；扩大头的尺寸检查是否满足设计要求；桩径垂直度孔底虚土等是否符合规范要求。5.2.7安放钢筋笼1、钢筋进场后先取样进行检测，合格后方可使用。2、钢筋加工制作：如钢筋供应的长度不能满足设计要求，主筋连接须做抗拉强度试验。为保证主筋间距和钢筋笼的整体刚度，固定架力筋应与主筋焊牢，箍筋与主筋要绑扎牢，成型后的钢筋笼外形尺寸、主筋位置、数量等与设计相符合。3、钢筋笼制作完成后采取措施保证在运输和安装过程中，防止不可恢复的变形，并每4米采用φ8作成勾形保护耳。制作完成的钢筋笼放置在垫木上，离地高度大于100mm。钢筋笼剖面图图5.2.7-14、钢筋笼吊放时要有专人指挥，要垂直放入孔中，并要特别注意主筋的方向和保护层的厚度，钢筋笼的顶标高应控制在误差范围内。5、在灌注混凝土前，利用保护层砂浆垫块固定钢筋笼位置。孔口处钢筋笼图5.2.7-25.2.8混凝土浇筑1、灌注前，须对成孔进行复测，合格后尽快灌注混凝土。2、运至现场后，及时进行浇灌，浇灌时在钢筋笼顶部画漆标注控制桩顶标高。严格控制混凝土的自由落距不大于2m及分层厚度1.5m。productionsafetysituation,potentialaccidentisdiscoveredintimetoproposemeasurestoeliminatethem,tostopillegaloperations.Donotscatterinanemergency,tostoptheirwork,andtoimmediatelyreporttothemanagement.5participateinworkshopequipment,changesintechnologyprogrammeandreviewofroastingtemperaturecurveismodified,tocomplywithsafetyrequirementsandproductrequirements.6participateinanyaccidentinvestigation,analysis,andfindoutthereason,responsibilityandcomeupwithpreventivemeasures,andshallpromptlyreporttotheleadershiporauthority.7,makingmaintenance,shutdown,workprogramme,inparticularwhenprocesschanges,mappingworkwellbeforestart.Level1employeesafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudytherelevantsafetyinstructions,rulesandsafetyprocedures,masteringthepostoperatingrules;2,mustwearPPEasrequiredoperation,properuseandproperstorageofprotectiveequipmentandfire-fightingequipment;3,workwillfocusonsafety,stableoperationandstrictlyobservelabourdisciplineandprocessdisciplineandconscientiouslyrecords,gang,leave,isstrictlyprohibitedinthepost,notsleeping,slapstickandotherdisciplinarymatters,todiscouragetheillegalactionsofothersand...2,responsibleforfireanalysisandentertheTower,tanksofgasmeteringandanalysisdatareportedtotheauthorities.3,responsibleforaccidentinvestigation,statisticsandreportingwork.1electricalsafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudyandabidebythesafetyrulesandregulations,instrictcompliancewiththeprohibitionsandprovisionsofsafety,performguardduties.2,beforetheoperation,wearappropriatePPE,implementsecuritymeasures,issuingsafetypermits,inspectiontools,instrumentsareingoodcondition.3,anyelectricalappliancewithoutinspection,shallbedeemedtohaveaccesstoelectricity,isforbiddentotouch.4,electricalmaintenance,youmuststop,cutoffpower,andhangupthe"noclose"warningsignsbeforetheycanwork.5,goodjobinelectricity,maintenancerecords,easilyleadtokeypartsofongoingsupervisionandinspectionoftheaccident.-17- exchangeexperienceinsafety,commendadvancedteamsandindividuals;8,theestablishmentoftheworkshopsafetymanagementnetwork,regularchecking,arrangementofsecuritywork,workshopandteamsecurityofficerroleintofullplay;9,issuedstrictenforcementoflaborprotectionarticles,healthstandards,anddoagoodjobpostworkers"laborprotectionwear,guaranteedpostworkers"safetyandhealth;10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.AssistantSuperintendentofsecurityresponsibilities1,Directoroftheworkshoponthesafetyoftheunitresponsible,DeputyDirectorinchargeofbusiness-widesecuritywork;2,seriouslycarryoutthepartyandthecountry"sworksafetylaws,regulations,standards,andresearchonsafetytechnology,exemplaryintheimplementationofoperationalproceduresandSafetyManager.10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.Groupleaders"safetyduties1andcarryoutbusinessandworkshoponsafetyinstructionsandrequirements,theteam"soverallresponsibilityforthesafetyandpersonalsafetyandhealthofworkers;2organizeandparticipateinsecurityactivities,adheretosafety,beforeclasstochecksecurity,aftersummingupthesecuritysystem;3,responsiblefornewworkers(includinginternships,accompanyingstaff)jobsafety,educationandtherighttostopwithoutthethird-leveleducationandsafetyassessmentofqualifiedworkersoperateindependently;4,foundaccidentssignsandaccidentstakeeffectivemeasurestopreventthesituationfromexpandingandreporting;shallimmediatelyreporttheaccidentandorganizedrescue,protectthescene,makedetailedrecords,participateinaccidentinvestigations,organizeworkerstoanalyzethecauseoftheaccident,theimplementationofpreventivemeasures;5,engaginginobviousdangerorseriousviolationsoftheemployeeshallbeentitledtostoptheoperationoftheproceduresandarrangementspostoperator,reporttotheleadership;6soastoimprovesafetyandfirefightingfacilities,equipmentinspectionsandmaintenancework,remainflexibletouse,checktheworkerreasonableuseofpersonalprotectiveequipment,andproperuseoffirefightingequipment.7,focusonteam-building,improvemanagementlevelofteams.Keeptheworksitetidy,clean,realizationofcivilization,anddoideologicalandpoliticalworkteam;8soastoimprovetracksafetycontest,commendtheadvancedexperiences.Craftsafetyresponsibilities1,responsiblefortheirownsafetyinthecontextofwork,ensurethesafetyandreliabilityofthetechnicalwork.2,isresponsibleforthepreparationoftechnicalspecificationsfortheunit"ssecurityandsafetymanagementsystem.Inthepreparationofstartup,shutdown,orwhenequipmentmaintenance,technicalfeasibility,tohavereliablehealthandsafetymeasuresandinspectionoftheimplementation.3,intheareaofstaffsecuritytechniqueandsafetytraining,organizationoftechnicaltrainingactivities,regularassessment.4,oftengoesintothefieldtocheck3、灌注时必须保证其连续进行，混凝土浇注完毕后及时处理好吊环，灌注至超过设计桩顶0.5m。4、桩身混凝土的浇筑速度是关键，即力求在最短的时间内完成一个桩身混凝土浇筑。5、进行桩孔混凝土浇筑施工时，四周相邻的桩孔不得进行人工挖孔作业。混凝土浇筑完成图5.2.8-16、预先准备好足够桩孔深度的振捣棒2根以上，混凝土每浇注一层完毕后，对混凝土进行振捣。5.2.9检测1、动测当采用低应变或声波透射法检测时，受检桩混凝土强度至少达到设计强度的70％，且不小于15MPa。利用动测仪器，根据桩基动测一般原则，分析检测记录波形，检查桩身质量，并将其分为四类。Ⅰ类：桩身完好。桩身密实。Ⅱ类：桩身基本完好。Ⅲ类：桩身质量较差。桩有局部缺陷，或混凝土密实度稍差。Ⅳ类：桩身混凝土存在严重缺陷。桩身有断裂、严重离析、严重缩颈等缺陷。2、静载试验当受检桩的混凝土龄期达到28d或预留同条件养护试块强度达到设计强度时，具备竖向抗压静载试验。单桩竖向抗压静载试验采用油压千斤顶加载。对以桩身承载力控制极限承载力的工程桩，试验加载至承载力特征值的1.5~2倍。静载试验图5.2.9-15.2.10凿桩头剔凿采用风镐剔除预留0.5m桩头，并凿毛，便于与承台连接。施工时注意productionsafetysituation,potentialaccidentisdiscoveredintimetoproposemeasurestoeliminatethem,tostopillegaloperations.Donotscatterinanemergency,tostoptheirwork,andtoimmediatelyreporttothemanagement.5participateinworkshopequipment,changesintechnologyprogrammeandreviewofroastingtemperaturecurveismodified,tocomplywithsafetyrequirementsandproductrequirements.6participateinanyaccidentinvestigation,analysis,andfindoutthereason,responsibilityandcomeupwithpreventivemeasures,andshallpromptlyreporttotheleadershiporauthority.7,makingmaintenance,shutdown,workprogramme,inparticularwhenprocesschanges,mappingworkwellbeforestart.Level1employeesafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudytherelevantsafetyinstructions,rulesandsafetyprocedures,masteringthepostoperatingrules;2,mustwearPPEasrequiredoperation,properuseandproperstorageofprotectiveequipmentandfire-fightingequipment;3,workwillfocusonsafety,stableoperationandstrictlyobservelabourdisciplineandprocessdisciplineandconscientiouslyrecords,gang,leave,isstrictlyprohibitedinthepost,notsleeping,slapstickandotherdisciplinarymatters,todiscouragetheillegalactionsofothersand...2,responsibleforfireanalysisandentertheTower,tanksofgasmeteringandanalysisdatareportedtotheauthorities.3,responsibleforaccidentinvestigation,statisticsandreportingwork.1electricalsafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudyandabidebythesafetyrulesandregulations,instrictcompliancewiththeprohibitionsandprovisionsofsafety,performguardduties.2,beforetheoperation,wearappropriatePPE,implementsecuritymeasures,issuingsafetypermits,inspectiontools,instrumentsareingoodcondition.3,anyelectricalappliancewithoutinspection,shallbedeemedtohaveaccesstoelectricity,isforbiddentotouch.4,electricalmaintenance,youmuststop,cutoffpower,andhangupthe"noclose"warningsignsbeforetheycanwork.5,goodjobinelectricity,maintenancerecords,easilyleadtokeypartsofongoingsupervisionandinspectionoftheaccident.-17- exchangeexperienceinsafety,commendadvancedteamsandindividuals;8,theestablishmentoftheworkshopsafetymanagementnetwork,regularchecking,arrangementofsecuritywork,workshopandteamsecurityofficerroleintofullplay;9,issuedstrictenforcementoflaborprotectionarticles,healthstandards,anddoagoodjobpostworkers"laborprotectionwear,guaranteedpostworkers"safetyandhealth;10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.AssistantSuperintendentofsecurityresponsibilities1,Directoroftheworkshoponthesafetyoftheunitresponsible,DeputyDirectorinchargeofbusiness-widesecuritywork;2,seriouslycarryoutthepartyandthecountry"sworksafetylaws,regulations,standards,andresearchonsafetytechnology,exemplaryintheimplementationofoperationalproceduresandSafetyManager.10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.Groupleaders"safetyduties1andcarryoutbusinessandworkshoponsafetyinstructionsandrequirements,theteam"soverallresponsibilityforthesafetyandpersonalsafetyandhealthofworkers;2organizeandparticipateinsecurityactivities,adheretosafety,beforeclasstochecksecurity,aftersummingupthesecuritysystem;3,responsiblefornewworkers(includinginternships,accompanyingstaff)jobsafety,educationandtherighttostopwithoutthethird-leveleducationandsafetyassessmentofqualifiedworkersoperateindependently;4,foundaccidentssignsandaccidentstakeeffectivemeasurestopreventthesituationfromexpandingandreporting;shallimmediatelyreporttheaccidentandorganizedrescue,protectthescene,makedetailedrecords,participateinaccidentinvestigations,organizeworkerstoanalyzethecauseoftheaccident,theimplementationofpreventivemeasures;5,engaginginobviousdangerorseriousviolationsoftheemployeeshallbeentitledtostoptheoperationoftheproceduresandarrangementspostoperator,reporttotheleadership;6soastoimprovesafetyandfirefightingfacilities,equipmentinspectionsandmaintenancework,remainflexibletouse,checktheworkerreasonableuseofpersonalprotectiveequipment,andproperuseoffirefightingequipment.7,focusonteam-building,improvemanagementlevelofteams.Keeptheworksitetidy,clean,realizationofcivilization,anddoideologicalandpoliticalworkteam;8soastoimprovetracksafetycontest,commendtheadvancedexperiences.Craftsafetyresponsibilities1,responsiblefortheirownsafetyinthecontextofwork,ensurethesafetyandreliabilityofthetechnicalwork.2,isresponsibleforthepreparationoftechnicalspecificationsfortheunit"ssecurityandsafetymanagementsystem.Inthepreparationofstartup,shutdown,orwhenequipmentmaintenance,technicalfeasibility,tohavereliablehealthandsafetymeasuresandinspectionoftheimplementation.3,intheareaofstaffsecuritytechniqueandsafetytraining,organizationoftechnicaltrainingactivities,regularassessment.4,oftengoesintothefieldtocheck不能破坏桩体主筋，不能剔凿过量，剔除表面浮灰露出石子面，避免使桩顶低于要求标高。剔凿桩头图5.2.10-16.材料要求水泥：宜采用32.5#～42.5#普通硅酸盐水泥或矿渣硅酸盐水泥；砂：中砂或粗砂，含泥量不大于5%；石：粒径为0.5～3.2㎝的卵石或碎石，且含泥量不大于2%；水：应用自来水或不含有害物质的洁净水；钢筋：钢筋的级别、直径必须符合设计要求，有出厂合格证及复试报告；铁板：Q235铁皮板制做套筒用；周转材料：脚手管、组合钢模板。7.机具设备7.1施工用具三脚支架、卷扬机组或电动葫芦、手推车、镐、锹、吊桶、导管、溜槽、振捣棒、电焊机、通风及供氧设备辘轳、安全帽、安全带、防毒面具、井孔防护栏、防护盖板等。7.2测量检测用具水准仪、经纬仪、动测仪、油压千斤顶。8.劳动组织合理组织、安排、调配各种人力资源，是确保施工进度的必要保证。在整个施工过程中，我们根据施工部位、各分项工程调配组合各工种，进行平行作业和流水作业。各工种人员配备情况见下表：productionsafetysituation,potentialaccidentisdiscoveredintimetoproposemeasurestoeliminatethem,tostopillegaloperations.Donotscatterinanemergency,tostoptheirwork,andtoimmediatelyreporttothemanagement.5participateinworkshopequipment,changesintechnologyprogrammeandreviewofroastingtemperaturecurveismodified,tocomplywithsafetyrequirementsandproductrequirements.6participateinanyaccidentinvestigation,analysis,andfindoutthereason,responsibilityandcomeupwithpreventivemeasures,andshallpromptlyreporttotheleadershiporauthority.7,makingmaintenance,shutdown,workprogramme,inparticularwhenprocesschanges,mappingworkwellbeforestart.Level1employeesafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudytherelevantsafetyinstructions,rulesandsafetyprocedures,masteringthepostoperatingrules;2,mustwearPPEasrequiredoperation,properuseandproperstorageofprotectiveequipmentandfire-fightingequipment;3,workwillfocusonsafety,stableoperationandstrictlyobservelabourdisciplineandprocessdisciplineandconscientiouslyrecords,gang,leave,isstrictlyprohibitedinthepost,notsleeping,slapstickandotherdisciplinarymatters,todiscouragetheillegalactionsofothersand...2,responsibleforfireanalysisandentertheTower,tanksofgasmeteringandanalysisdatareportedtotheauthorities.3,responsibleforaccidentinvestigation,statisticsandreportingwork.1electricalsafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudyandabidebythesafetyrulesandregulations,instrictcompliancewiththeprohibitionsandprovisionsofsafety,performguardduties.2,beforetheoperation,wearappropriatePPE,implementsecuritymeasures,issuingsafetypermits,inspectiontools,instrumentsareingoodcondition.3,anyelectricalappliancewithoutinspection,shallbedeemedtohaveaccesstoelectricity,isforbiddentotouch.4,electricalmaintenance,youmuststop,cutoffpower,andhangupthe"noclose"warningsignsbeforetheycanwork.5,goodjobinelectricity,maintenancerecords,easilyleadtokeypartsofongoingsupervisionandinspectionoftheaccident.-17- exchangeexperienceinsafety,commendadvancedteamsandindividuals;8,theestablishmentoftheworkshopsafetymanagementnetwork,regularchecking,arrangementofsecuritywork,workshopandteamsecurityofficerroleintofullplay;9,issuedstrictenforcementoflaborprotectionarticles,healthstandards,anddoagoodjobpostworkers"laborprotectionwear,guaranteedpostworkers"safetyandhealth;10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.AssistantSuperintendentofsecurityresponsibilities1,Directoroftheworkshoponthesafetyoftheunitresponsible,DeputyDirectorinchargeofbusiness-widesecuritywork;2,seriouslycarryoutthepartyandthecountry"sworksafetylaws,regulations,standards,andresearchonsafetytechnology,exemplaryintheimplementationofoperationalproceduresandSafetyManager.10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.Groupleaders"safetyduties1andcarryoutbusinessandworkshoponsafetyinstructionsandrequirements,theteam"soverallresponsibilityforthesafetyandpersonalsafetyandhealthofworkers;2organizeandparticipateinsecurityactivities,adheretosafety,beforeclasstochecksecurity,aftersummingupthesecuritysystem;3,responsiblefornewworkers(includinginternships,accompanyingstaff)jobsafety,educationandtherighttostopwithoutthethird-leveleducationandsafetyassessmentofqualifiedworkersoperateindependently;4,foundaccidentssignsandaccidentstakeeffectivemeasurestopreventthesituationfromexpandingandreporting;shallimmediatelyreporttheaccidentandorganizedrescue,protectthescene,makedetailedrecords,participateinaccidentinvestigations,organizeworkerstoanalyzethecauseoftheaccident,theimplementationofpreventivemeasures;5,engaginginobviousdangerorseriousviolationsoftheemployeeshallbeentitledtostoptheoperationoftheproceduresandarrangementspostoperator,reporttotheleadership;6soastoimprovesafetyandfirefightingfacilities,equipmentinspectionsandmaintenancework,remainflexibletouse,checktheworkerreasonableuseofpersonalprotectiveequipment,andproperuseoffirefightingequipment.7,focusonteam-building,improvemanagementlevelofteams.Keeptheworksitetidy,clean,realizationofcivilization,anddoideologicalandpoliticalworkteam;8soastoimprovetracksafetycontest,commendtheadvancedexperiences.Craftsafetyresponsibilities1,responsiblefortheirownsafetyinthecontextofwork,ensurethesafetyandreliabilityofthetechnicalwork.2,isresponsibleforthepreparationoftechnicalspecificationsfortheunit"ssecurityandsafetymanagementsystem.Inthepreparationofstartup,shutdown,orwhenequipmentmaintenance,technicalfeasibility,tohavereliablehealthandsafetymeasuresandinspectionoftheimplementation.3,intheareaofstaffsecuritytechniqueandsafetytraining,organizationoftechnicaltrainingactivities,regularassessment.4,oftengoesintothefieldtocheck劳动力计划表序号工种施工人数备注1电焊工52钢筋工203混凝土工204电工25测量工26试验工17壮工309.质量管理9.1质量保证体系建立健全的质量保证体系，责任落实到人。推行质量管理标准，强化质量职能。国家规范和行业标准、规程，是保障施工质量的重要依据。为保证规范、标准、规程贯穿于施工整个过程，我们建立健全质量保证体系，并针对工程的特殊性成立了QC小组。并以《混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范》、《混凝土质量控制标准》等国家规范及行业标准、规程为依据，有效的控制了施工质量。主要的规范及行业标准、规程类别名称编号规范建设工程文件归档整理规范GB/T50328-2001建筑地基与基础工程施工质量验收规范GB50202-2002混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范GB50204-2002工程测量规程GB50026-2003建筑机械使用安全技术规程JGJ33-2001建筑施工安全检查标准JGJ59-99建筑桩基技术规范JGJ94-94建筑地基处理技术规范JGJ79-2002钢筋焊接及验收规程JGJ18-2003建筑施工现场环境与卫生标准JGJ146-2004productionsafetysituation,potentialaccidentisdiscoveredintimetoproposemeasurestoeliminatethem,tostopillegaloperations.Donotscatterinanemergency,tostoptheirwork,andtoimmediatelyreporttothemanagement.5participateinworkshopequipment,changesintechnologyprogrammeandreviewofroastingtemperaturecurveismodified,tocomplywithsafetyrequirementsandproductrequirements.6participateinanyaccidentinvestigation,analysis,andfindoutthereason,responsibilityandcomeupwithpreventivemeasures,andshallpromptlyreporttotheleadershiporauthority.7,makingmaintenance,shutdown,workprogramme,inparticularwhenprocesschanges,mappingworkwellbeforestart.Level1employeesafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudytherelevantsafetyinstructions,rulesandsafetyprocedures,masteringthepostoperatingrules;2,mustwearPPEasrequiredoperation,properuseandproperstorageofprotectiveequipmentandfire-fightingequipment;3,workwillfocusonsafety,stableoperationandstrictlyobservelabourdisciplineandprocessdisciplineandconscientiouslyrecords,gang,leave,isstrictlyprohibitedinthepost,notsleeping,slapstickandotherdisciplinarymatters,todiscouragetheillegalactionsofothersand...2,responsibleforfireanalysisandentertheTower,tanksofgasmeteringandanalysisdatareportedtotheauthorities.3,responsibleforaccidentinvestigation,statisticsandreportingwork.1electricalsafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudyandabidebythesafetyrulesandregulations,instrictcompliancewiththeprohibitionsandprovisionsofsafety,performguardduties.2,beforetheoperation,wearappropriatePPE,implementsecuritymeasures,issuingsafetypermits,inspectiontools,instrumentsareingoodcondition.3,anyelectricalappliancewithoutinspection,shallbedeemedtohaveaccesstoelectricity,isforbiddentotouch.4,electricalmaintenance,youmuststop,cutoffpower,andhangupthe"noclose"warningsignsbeforetheycanwork.5,goodjobinelectricity,maintenancerecords,easilyleadtokeypartsofongoingsupervisionandinspectionoftheaccident.-17- exchangeexperienceinsafety,commendadvancedteamsandindividuals;8,theestablishmentoftheworkshopsafetymanagementnetwork,regularchecking,arrangementofsecuritywork,workshopandteamsecurityofficerroleintofullplay;9,issuedstrictenforcementoflaborprotectionarticles,healthstandards,anddoagoodjobpostworkers"laborprotectionwear,guaranteedpostworkers"safetyandhealth;10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.AssistantSuperintendentofsecurityresponsibilities1,Directoroftheworkshoponthesafetyoftheunitresponsible,DeputyDirectorinchargeofbusiness-widesecuritywork;2,seriouslycarryoutthepartyandthecountry"sworksafetylaws,regulations,standards,andresearchonsafetytechnology,exemplaryintheimplementationofoperationalproceduresandSafetyManager.10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.Groupleaders"safetyduties1andcarryoutbusinessandworkshoponsafetyinstructionsandrequirements,theteam"soverallresponsibilityforthesafetyandpersonalsafetyandhealthofworkers;2organizeandparticipateinsecurityactivities,adheretosafety,beforeclasstochecksecurity,aftersummingupthesecuritysystem;3,responsiblefornewworkers(includinginternships,accompanyingstaff)jobsafety,educationandtherighttostopwithoutthethird-leveleducationandsafetyassessmentofqualifiedworkersoperateindependently;4,foundaccidentssignsandaccidentstakeeffectivemeasurestopreventthesituationfromexpandingandreporting;shallimmediatelyreporttheaccidentandorganizedrescue,protectthescene,makedetailedrecords,participateinaccidentinvestigations,organizeworkerstoanalyzethecauseoftheaccident,theimplementationofpreventivemeasures;5,engaginginobviousdangerorseriousviolationsoftheemployeeshallbeentitledtostoptheoperationoftheproceduresandarrangementspostoperator,reporttotheleadership;6soastoimprovesafetyandfirefightingfacilities,equipmentinspectionsandmaintenancework,remainflexibletouse,checktheworkerreasonableuseofpersonalprotectiveequipment,andproperuseoffirefightingequipment.7,focusonteam-building,improvemanagementlevelofteams.Keeptheworksitetidy,clean,realizationofcivilization,anddoideologicalandpoliticalworkteam;8soastoimprovetracksafetycontest,commendtheadvancedexperiences.Craftsafetyresponsibilities1,responsiblefortheirownsafetyinthecontextofwork,ensurethesafetyandreliabilityofthetechnicalwork.2,isresponsibleforthepreparationoftechnicalspecificationsfortheunit"ssecurityandsafetymanagementsystem.Inthepreparationofstartup,shutdown,orwhenequipmentmaintenance,technicalfeasibility,tohavereliablehealthandsafetymeasuresandinspectionoftheimplementation.3,intheareaofstaffsecuritytechniqueandsafetytraining,organizationoftechnicaltrainingactivities,regularassessment.4,oftengoesintothefieldtocheck施工企业安全生产评价标准JGJ/T77－2003施工现场临时用电安全技术规范JGJ46-2005J0405-2005石油化工工程建设交工技术文件规定SH3503-2001石油化工建设工程项目竣工验收规定SH/T3904-2005土方与爆破工程施工及验收规范GBJ201-83地方北京地区建筑地基基础勘察设计规范DBJ01-501-92北京市市政工程施工安全操作规程DBJ01-56-2001建筑工程施工测量规程DBJ01-21-2004建筑工程资料管理规程DBJ01-51-20099.2重要控制点针对桩基施工的特点，设定重要控制点，并有计划地进行控制检验。9.2.1定位定位控制工作主要在正式开挖之前及第一节护壁混凝土施工后，以防止较大工作量的返工。主要利用原有控制点、桩之间的相对位置、角度等进行桩位复核，利用细部四周的控制桩拉线控制桩位及孔径，每浇注一段护壁前均需各角度复测桩径。9.2.2垂直度垂直度的控制直接影响桩身的受力情况，偏心、倾斜等问题直接影响桩体的抗压强度。故质量检查人员必须每根桩每一节利用吊坠进行垂直度的复核，并记录。发现问题及时令其整改，并相应进行检查验收。9.2.3混凝土的浇筑浇筑桩体混凝土前，标示清楚浇筑高度。浇筑时，严格控制混凝土的自由落距不大于2m及分层厚度1.5m，需要时使用串筒进行落差控制。预先准备好足够桩孔深度的振捣棒2根以上，混凝土每浇注一层完毕后，对混凝土进行振捣。10.安全与环保措施针对人工挖孔桩基础制定以下安全与环保措施：10.1危险源的识别productionsafetysituation,potentialaccidentisdiscoveredintimetoproposemeasurestoeliminatethem,tostopillegaloperations.Donotscatterinanemergency,tostoptheirwork,andtoimmediatelyreporttothemanagement.5participateinworkshopequipment,changesintechnologyprogrammeandreviewofroastingtemperaturecurveismodified,tocomplywithsafetyrequirementsandproductrequirements.6participateinanyaccidentinvestigation,analysis,andfindoutthereason,responsibilityandcomeupwithpreventivemeasures,andshallpromptlyreporttotheleadershiporauthority.7,makingmaintenance,shutdown,workprogramme,inparticularwhenprocesschanges,mappingworkwellbeforestart.Level1employeesafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudytherelevantsafetyinstructions,rulesandsafetyprocedures,masteringthepostoperatingrules;2,mustwearPPEasrequiredoperation,properuseandproperstorageofprotectiveequipmentandfire-fightingequipment;3,workwillfocusonsafety,stableoperationandstrictlyobservelabourdisciplineandprocessdisciplineandconscientiouslyrecords,gang,leave,isstrictlyprohibitedinthepost,notsleeping,slapstickandotherdisciplinarymatters,todiscouragetheillegalactionsofothersand...2,responsibleforfireanalysisandentertheTower,tanksofgasmeteringandanalysisdatareportedtotheauthorities.3,responsibleforaccidentinvestigation,statisticsandreportingwork.1electricalsafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudyandabidebythesafetyrulesandregulations,instrictcompliancewiththeprohibitionsandprovisionsofsafety,performguardduties.2,beforetheoperation,wearappropriatePPE,implementsecuritymeasures,issuingsafetypermits,inspectiontools,instrumentsareingoodcondition.3,anyelectricalappliancewithoutinspection,shallbedeemedtohaveaccesstoelectricity,isforbiddentotouch.4,electricalmaintenance,youmuststop,cutoffpower,andhangupthe"noclose"warningsignsbeforetheycanwork.5,goodjobinelectricity,maintenancerecords,easilyleadtokeypartsofongoingsupervisionandinspectionoftheaccident.-17- exchangeexperienceinsafety,commendadvancedteamsandindividuals;8,theestablishmentoftheworkshopsafetymanagementnetwork,regularchecking,arrangementofsecuritywork,workshopandteamsecurityofficerroleintofullplay;9,issuedstrictenforcementoflaborprotectionarticles,healthstandards,anddoagoodjobpostworkers"laborprotectionwear,guaranteedpostworkers"safetyandhealth;10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.AssistantSuperintendentofsecurityresponsibilities1,Directoroftheworkshoponthesafetyoftheunitresponsible,DeputyDirectorinchargeofbusiness-widesecuritywork;2,seriouslycarryoutthepartyandthecountry"sworksafetylaws,regulations,standards,andresearchonsafetytechnology,exemplaryintheimplementationofoperationalproceduresandSafetyManager.10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.Groupleaders"safetyduties1andcarryoutbusinessandworkshoponsafetyinstructionsandrequirements,theteam"soverallresponsibilityforthesafetyandpersonalsafetyandhealthofworkers;2organizeandparticipateinsecurityactivities,adheretosafety,beforeclasstochecksecurity,aftersummingupthesecuritysystem;3,responsiblefornewworkers(includinginternships,accompanyingstaff)jobsafety,educationandtherighttostopwithoutthethird-leveleducationandsafetyassessmentofqualifiedworkersoperateindependently;4,foundaccidentssignsandaccidentstakeeffectivemeasurestopreventthesituationfromexpandingandreporting;shallimmediatelyreporttheaccidentandorganizedrescue,protectthescene,makedetailedrecords,participateinaccidentinvestigations,organizeworkerstoanalyzethecauseoftheaccident,theimplementationofpreventivemeasures;5,engaginginobviousdangerorseriousviolationsoftheemployeeshallbeentitledtostoptheoperationoftheproceduresandarrangementspostoperator,reporttotheleadership;6soastoimprovesafetyandfirefightingfacilities,equipmentinspectionsandmaintenancework,remainflexibletouse,checktheworkerreasonableuseofpersonalprotectiveequipment,andproperuseoffirefightingequipment.7,focusonteam-building,improvemanagementlevelofteams.Keeptheworksitetidy,clean,realizationofcivilization,anddoideologicalandpoliticalworkteam;8soastoimprovetracksafetycontest,commendtheadvancedexperiences.Craftsafetyresponsibilities1,responsiblefortheirownsafetyinthecontextofwork,ensurethesafetyandreliabilityofthetechnicalwork.2,isresponsibleforthepreparationoftechnicalspecificationsfortheunit"ssecurityandsafetymanagementsystem.Inthepreparationofstartup,shutdown,orwhenequipmentmaintenance,technicalfeasibility,tohavereliablehealthandsafetymeasuresandinspectionoftheimplementation.3,intheareaofstaffsecuritytechniqueandsafetytraining,organizationoftechnicaltrainingactivities,regularassessment.4,oftengoesintothefieldtocheck确定主要危险源为人工成孔的人身安全（人工挖孔塌孔、人工挖孔深度过深，产生沼气或严重缺氧，人工挖孔时坑边或坑壁坠落物体、钻孔无掩盖外露）。10.2职业健康、安全控制措施10.2.1基本职业安全措施严格执行、贯彻《北京市市政工程安全操作规程》、《北京市建筑工程施工安全操作规程》和建设部《建筑安全生产监督管理规定》，制定现场施工安全技术措施。1、人工挖孔施工前，认真研究钻孔资料。施工中如遇流沙、涌水以及有害气体等异常情况，应立即停止施工将作业人员撤离作业面，并将情况及时上报，待制定出切实可行的解决方案，将险情排除后，方可继续施工。2、制定有针对性的安全防护措施，对作业人员进行专业安全技术培训。凡有精神病、高血压、心脏病、癫痫病等病患者，一律不得下孔作业。3、桩孔周围2m范围内须设护栏和安全标志，非作业人员禁止入内。3米内不得行驶或停放机动车。4、桩孔内的作业人员应遵守安全规章制度，严禁酒后作业，不准在孔内吸烟，不准在孔底使用明火。严禁孔口上作业人员脱离岗位，倒卸土料时间不得超过1min。5、桩孔开挖后，现场人员应注意地面和建筑的变化。桩孔如靠近现况管线时，必须对现况管线采取加固措施后才能施工。加强对孔壁土层涌水情况的观察，发现异常情况，及时采取处理措施。6、吊装作业设专人指挥，吊车回转半径内不得站人，并设专人负责疏导交通，保证行人和车辆安全。10.2.2防止坍塌措施1、人工挖孔每一节挖掘深度不得大于1m，松软土质不得大于0.5m，严禁超挖。为加强护壁的安全性，在护壁内加适量的钢筋：环向φ8钢筋，竖向φ10钢筋，且护壁前三节还要增设钢筋网片，在施工中严禁偷减钢筋数量。2、护壁混凝土标号为C20，采用自拌混凝土，严格控制原材料的质量。3、护壁混凝土浇注时作两组同样混凝土试块，经对试块强度检测，达到1MPa时，方可拆除模板，进行下一节的开挖。施工中必须按设计规定的层深，挖一层土方做一层护壁，严禁超挖、后补做护壁的冒险作业。4、若护壁有渗水现象，及时采取封堵措施，防止可能造成的塌孔。productionsafetysituation,potentialaccidentisdiscoveredintimetoproposemeasurestoeliminatethem,tostopillegaloperations.Donotscatterinanemergency,tostoptheirwork,andtoimmediatelyreporttothemanagement.5participateinworkshopequipment,changesintechnologyprogrammeandreviewofroastingtemperaturecurveismodified,tocomplywithsafetyrequirementsandproductrequirements.6participateinanyaccidentinvestigation,analysis,andfindoutthereason,responsibilityandcomeupwithpreventivemeasures,andshallpromptlyreporttotheleadershiporauthority.7,makingmaintenance,shutdown,workprogramme,inparticularwhenprocesschanges,mappingworkwellbeforestart.Level1employeesafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudytherelevantsafetyinstructions,rulesandsafetyprocedures,masteringthepostoperatingrules;2,mustwearPPEasrequiredoperation,properuseandproperstorageofprotectiveequipmentandfire-fightingequipment;3,workwillfocusonsafety,stableoperationandstrictlyobservelabourdisciplineandprocessdisciplineandconscientiouslyrecords,gang,leave,isstrictlyprohibitedinthepost,notsleeping,slapstickandotherdisciplinarymatters,todiscouragetheillegalactionsofothersand...2,responsibleforfireanalysisandentertheTower,tanksofgasmeteringandanalysisdatareportedtotheauthorities.3,responsibleforaccidentinvestigation,statisticsandreportingwork.1electricalsafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudyandabidebythesafetyrulesandregulations,instrictcompliancewiththeprohibitionsandprovisionsofsafety,performguardduties.2,beforetheoperation,wearappropriatePPE,implementsecuritymeasures,issuingsafetypermits,inspectiontools,instrumentsareingoodcondition.3,anyelectricalappliancewithoutinspection,shallbedeemedtohaveaccesstoelectricity,isforbiddentotouch.4,electricalmaintenance,youmuststop,cutoffpower,andhangupthe"noclose"warningsignsbeforetheycanwork.5,goodjobinelectricity,maintenancerecords,easilyleadtokeypartsofongoingsupervisionandinspectionoftheaccident.-17- exchangeexperienceinsafety,commendadvancedteamsandindividuals;8,theestablishmentoftheworkshopsafetymanagementnetwork,regularchecking,arrangementofsecuritywork,workshopandteamsecurityofficerroleintofullplay;9,issuedstrictenforcementoflaborprotectionarticles,healthstandards,anddoagoodjobpostworkers"laborprotectionwear,guaranteedpostworkers"safetyandhealth;10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.AssistantSuperintendentofsecurityresponsibilities1,Directoroftheworkshoponthesafetyoftheunitresponsible,DeputyDirectorinchargeofbusiness-widesecuritywork;2,seriouslycarryoutthepartyandthecountry"sworksafetylaws,regulations,standards,andresearchonsafetytechnology,exemplaryintheimplementationofoperationalproceduresandSafetyManager.10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.Groupleaders"safetyduties1andcarryoutbusinessandworkshoponsafetyinstructionsandrequirements,theteam"soverallresponsibilityforthesafetyandpersonalsafetyandhealthofworkers;2organizeandparticipateinsecurityactivities,adheretosafety,beforeclasstochecksecurity,aftersummingupthesecuritysystem;3,responsiblefornewworkers(includinginternships,accompanyingstaff)jobsafety,educationandtherighttostopwithoutthethird-leveleducationandsafetyassessmentofqualifiedworkersoperateindependently;4,foundaccidentssignsandaccidentstakeeffectivemeasurestopreventthesituationfromexpandingandreporting;shallimmediatelyreporttheaccidentandorganizedrescue,protectthescene,makedetailedrecords,participateinaccidentinvestigations,organizeworkerstoanalyzethecauseoftheaccident,theimplementationofpreventivemeasures;5,engaginginobviousdangerorseriousviolationsoftheemployeeshallbeentitledtostoptheoperationoftheproceduresandarrangementspostoperator,reporttotheleadership;6soastoimprovesafetyandfirefightingfacilities,equipmentinspectionsandmaintenancework,remainflexibletouse,checktheworkerreasonableuseofpersonalprotectiveequipment,andproperuseoffirefightingequipment.7,focusonteam-building,improvemanagementlevelofteams.Keeptheworksitetidy,clean,realizationofcivilization,anddoideologicalandpoliticalworkteam;8soastoimprovetracksafetycontest,commendtheadvancedexperiences.Craftsafetyresponsibilities1,responsiblefortheirownsafetyinthecontextofwork,ensurethesafetyandreliabilityofthetechnicalwork.2,isresponsibleforthepreparationoftechnicalspecificationsfortheunit"ssecurityandsafetymanagementsystem.Inthepreparationofstartup,shutdown,orwhenequipmentmaintenance,technicalfeasibility,tohavereliablehealthandsafetymeasuresandinspectionoftheimplementation.3,intheareaofstaffsecuritytechniqueandsafetytraining,organizationoftechnicaltrainingactivities,regularassessment.4,oftengoesintothefieldtocheck5、根据桩距大小和地质条件，必须采取可靠的浇筑混凝土护壁防护方法，要严格控制护壁混凝土的拆模时间。孔口平台应自成稳定体系，防止在护壁下沉时被拉垮。10.2.3防止高空坠落措施1、孔下作业人员上下井必须使用软梯，并佩带安全绳。安全绳在井架角栓牢，并设专人看管，以便在发生意外时能起到保险作用。2、料斗和吊索具具有轻、柔、软性能，并有防坠装置。每班作业前应检查桩孔和工具，确认安全。3、人工挖桩应设置作业区，边界必须设置围挡、安全标志及警示灯等，并设专人24小时看护挖孔施工现场，非施工人员禁止入内。桩孔四周设不低于1.5m护栏。施工人员离开现场，井口必须用盖板盖牢，并设置围挡和安全标志，阴暗时和夜间设置警示灯，严防有人坠入孔内。4、夜间严禁进行人工挖孔施工，具体挖孔时间严格控制在早6点和晚7点之间。5、施工中孔口须铺设脚垫板时，垫板两端搭放长度不得小于1m，垫板宽度不得小于30cm，厚度不得小于5cm。孔口作业人员应系安全带并扣牢保险钩，安全带必须有牢固的固定点。10.2.4防止触电措施1、为防止电击伤人，孔下作业使用36V的低压照明。2、操作震捣器作业时，应穿戴好绝缘鞋和绝缘手套，湿手不得触动电源开关，电源线不得有破皮及露电现象，所有用电设备均安装漏电保护装置。3、各种电气设备和电力施工机械、其金属外壳、支架和底座，按规定采取可靠的接零保护，同时设漏电保护装置，实行三级配电、逐级漏电保护，严格执行一机、一闸、一漏、一箱制，动力和照明分开。10.2.5防止物体打击措施1、为防止孔中坠物伤人，井下挖土工人必须佩带安全帽。2、第一节混凝土护壁高出地面30cm，形成沿口圈，护壁厚度最厚处不小于20cm。3、孔口平台应自成稳定体系，防止在护壁下沉时被拉垮。4、productionsafetysituation,potentialaccidentisdiscoveredintimetoproposemeasurestoeliminatethem,tostopillegaloperations.Donotscatterinanemergency,tostoptheirwork,andtoimmediatelyreporttothemanagement.5participateinworkshopequipment,changesintechnologyprogrammeandreviewofroastingtemperaturecurveismodified,tocomplywithsafetyrequirementsandproductrequirements.6participateinanyaccidentinvestigation,analysis,andfindoutthereason,responsibilityandcomeupwithpreventivemeasures,andshallpromptlyreporttotheleadershiporauthority.7,makingmaintenance,shutdown,workprogramme,inparticularwhenprocesschanges,mappingworkwellbeforestart.Level1employeesafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudytherelevantsafetyinstructions,rulesandsafetyprocedures,masteringthepostoperatingrules;2,mustwearPPEasrequiredoperation,properuseandproperstorageofprotectiveequipmentandfire-fightingequipment;3,workwillfocusonsafety,stableoperationandstrictlyobservelabourdisciplineandprocessdisciplineandconscientiouslyrecords,gang,leave,isstrictlyprohibitedinthepost,notsleeping,slapstickandotherdisciplinarymatters,todiscouragetheillegalactionsofothersand...2,responsibleforfireanalysisandentertheTower,tanksofgasmeteringandanalysisdatareportedtotheauthorities.3,responsibleforaccidentinvestigation,statisticsandreportingwork.1electricalsafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudyandabidebythesafetyrulesandregulations,instrictcompliancewiththeprohibitionsandprovisionsofsafety,performguardduties.2,beforetheoperation,wearappropriatePPE,implementsecuritymeasures,issuingsafetypermits,inspectiontools,instrumentsareingoodcondition.3,anyelectricalappliancewithoutinspection,shallbedeemedtohaveaccesstoelectricity,isforbiddentotouch.4,electricalmaintenance,youmuststop,cutoffpower,andhangupthe"noclose"warningsignsbeforetheycanwork.5,goodjobinelectricity,maintenancerecords,easilyleadtokeypartsofongoingsupervisionandinspectionoftheaccident.-17- exchangeexperienceinsafety,commendadvancedteamsandindividuals;8,theestablishmentoftheworkshopsafetymanagementnetwork,regularchecking,arrangementofsecuritywork,workshopandteamsecurityofficerroleintofullplay;9,issuedstrictenforcementoflaborprotectionarticles,healthstandards,anddoagoodjobpostworkers"laborprotectionwear,guaranteedpostworkers"safetyandhealth;10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.AssistantSuperintendentofsecurityresponsibilities1,Directoroftheworkshoponthesafetyoftheunitresponsible,DeputyDirectorinchargeofbusiness-widesecuritywork;2,seriouslycarryoutthepartyandthecountry"sworksafetylaws,regulations,standards,andresearchonsafetytechnology,exemplaryintheimplementationofoperationalproceduresandSafetyManager.10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.Groupleaders"safetyduties1andcarryoutbusinessandworkshoponsafetyinstructionsandrequirements,theteam"soverallresponsibilityforthesafetyandpersonalsafetyandhealthofworkers;2organizeandparticipateinsecurityactivities,adheretosafety,beforeclasstochecksecurity,aftersummingupthesecuritysystem;3,responsiblefornewworkers(includinginternships,accompanyingstaff)jobsafety,educationandtherighttostopwithoutthethird-leveleducationandsafetyassessmentofqualifiedworkersoperateindependently;4,foundaccidentssignsandaccidentstakeeffectivemeasurestopreventthesituationfromexpandingandreporting;shallimmediatelyreporttheaccidentandorganizedrescue,protectthescene,makedetailedrecords,participateinaccidentinvestigations,organizeworkerstoanalyzethecauseoftheaccident,theimplementationofpreventivemeasures;5,engaginginobviousdangerorseriousviolationsoftheemployeeshallbeentitledtostoptheoperationoftheproceduresandarrangementspostoperator,reporttotheleadership;6soastoimprovesafetyandfirefightingfacilities,equipmentinspectionsandmaintenancework,remainflexibletouse,checktheworkerreasonableuseofpersonalprotectiveequipment,andproperuseoffirefightingequipment.7,focusonteam-building,improvemanagementlevelofteams.Keeptheworksitetidy,clean,realizationofcivilization,anddoideologicalandpoliticalworkteam;8soastoimprovetracksafetycontest,commendtheadvancedexperiences.Craftsafetyresponsibilities1,responsiblefortheirownsafetyinthecontextofwork,ensurethesafetyandreliabilityofthetechnicalwork.2,isresponsibleforthepreparationoftechnicalspecificationsfortheunit"ssecurityandsafetymanagementsystem.Inthepreparationofstartup,shutdown,orwhenequipmentmaintenance,technicalfeasibility,tohavereliablehealthandsafetymeasuresandinspectionoftheimplementation.3,intheareaofstaffsecuritytechniqueandsafetytraining,organizationoftechnicaltrainingactivities,regularassessment.4,oftengoesintothefieldtocheck每日施工前，各班组设专人检查提升工具和提升绳，存在隐患或超过标准要求的要立即更换。10.2.6防止机械伤害措施1、进场机械设备须经有关人员检查验收，确认其性能合格后，方可投入使用。机械设备操作人员须严格执行机械设备操作规程并遵守安全技术交底的要求。2、起重机械运转过程中，严禁进入机械回转半径范围内，吊臂下严禁站人。混凝土运输车进入现场设专人指挥。10.3环境保护控制10.3.1项目环境因素的识别主要为人工挖孔土方的粉尘、遗撒，废弃水泥袋回收，商品砼供应的噪音、尾气和遗洒。10.3.2重要环境因素的控制措施1、料具管理材料进场后储存位置应与施工平面图相符，码放整齐并适当遮盖，围档划分界限，并做好标识。2、环境保护1）加强所有参与施工人员的环保教育，增强环保意识，严格遵守项目部的环保规定；2）健全组织，专人负责环保工作的检查、监督，发现问题及时处理。场内施工时，要特别注意材料的堆放管理。材料应分类、定点存放，摆放要整齐，并有防雨、防潮措施，并做到每天清点一次；3）在护壁混凝土拌合时，下垫铁板防止污水深入地下，四周设挡板防止拌合时水泥扬尘。水泥库房设在项目部专用封闭库房内，现场水泥随用随拉，不得在现场堆放水泥。拌合用水采用水车运送；4）挖出的土方及时清运，暂时存放的土方用密目网苫盖；11.效益分析1、本工法在人工挖孔灌注桩的施工中的实施，有效地解决了桩孔偏移、桩体离析缩颈等质量问题。productionsafetysituation,potentialaccidentisdiscoveredintimetoproposemeasurestoeliminatethem,tostopillegaloperations.Donotscatterinanemergency,tostoptheirwork,andtoimmediatelyreporttothemanagement.5participateinworkshopequipment,changesintechnologyprogrammeandreviewofroastingtemperaturecurveismodified,tocomplywithsafetyrequirementsandproductrequirements.6participateinanyaccidentinvestigation,analysis,andfindoutthereason,responsibilityandcomeupwithpreventivemeasures,andshallpromptlyreporttotheleadershiporauthority.7,makingmaintenance,shutdown,workprogramme,inparticularwhenprocesschanges,mappingworkwellbeforestart.Level1employeesafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudytherelevantsafetyinstructions,rulesandsafetyprocedures,masteringthepostoperatingrules;2,mustwearPPEasrequiredoperation,properuseandproperstorageofprotectiveequipmentandfire-fightingequipment;3,workwillfocusonsafety,stableoperationandstrictlyobservelabourdisciplineandprocessdisciplineandconscientiouslyrecords,gang,leave,isstrictlyprohibitedinthepost,notsleeping,slapstickandotherdisciplinarymatters,todiscouragetheillegalactionsofothersand...2,responsibleforfireanalysisandentertheTower,tanksofgasmeteringandanalysisdatareportedtotheauthorities.3,responsibleforaccidentinvestigation,statisticsandreportingwork.1electricalsafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudyandabidebythesafetyrulesandregulations,instrictcompliancewiththeprohibitionsandprovisionsofsafety,performguardduties.2,beforetheoperation,wearappropriatePPE,implementsecuritymeasures,issuingsafetypermits,inspectiontools,instrumentsareingoodcondition.3,anyelectricalappliancewithoutinspection,shallbedeemedtohaveaccesstoelectricity,isforbiddentotouch.4,electricalmaintenance,youmuststop,cutoffpower,andhangupthe"noclose"warningsignsbeforetheycanwork.5,goodjobinelectricity,maintenancerecords,easilyleadtokeypartsofongoingsupervisionandinspectionoftheaccident.-17- exchangeexperienceinsafety,commendadvancedteamsandindividuals;8,theestablishmentoftheworkshopsafetymanagementnetwork,regularchecking,arrangementofsecuritywork,workshopandteamsecurityofficerroleintofullplay;9,issuedstrictenforcementoflaborprotectionarticles,healthstandards,anddoagoodjobpostworkers"laborprotectionwear,guaranteedpostworkers"safetyandhealth;10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.AssistantSuperintendentofsecurityresponsibilities1,Directoroftheworkshoponthesafetyoftheunitresponsible,DeputyDirectorinchargeofbusiness-widesecuritywork;2,seriouslycarryoutthepartyandthecountry"sworksafetylaws,regulations,standards,andresearchonsafetytechnology,exemplaryintheimplementationofoperationalproceduresandSafetyManager.10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.Groupleaders"safetyduties1andcarryoutbusinessandworkshoponsafetyinstructionsandrequirements,theteam"soverallresponsibilityforthesafetyandpersonalsafetyandhealthofworkers;2organizeandparticipateinsecurityactivities,adheretosafety,beforeclasstochecksecurity,aftersummingupthesecuritysystem;3,responsiblefornewworkers(includinginternships,accompanyingstaff)jobsafety,educationandtherighttostopwithoutthethird-leveleducationandsafetyassessmentofqualifiedworkersoperateindependently;4,foundaccidentssignsandaccidentstakeeffectivemeasurestopreventthesituationfromexpandingandreporting;shallimmediatelyreporttheaccidentandorganizedrescue,protectthescene,makedetailedrecords,participateinaccidentinvestigations,organizeworkerstoanalyzethecauseoftheaccident,theimplementationofpreventivemeasures;5,engaginginobviousdangerorseriousviolationsoftheemployeeshallbeentitledtostoptheoperationoftheproceduresandarrangementspostoperator,reporttotheleadership;6soastoimprovesafetyandfirefightingfacilities,equipmentinspectionsandmaintenancework,remainflexibletouse,checktheworkerreasonableuseofpersonalprotectiveequipment,andproperuseoffirefightingequipment.7,focusonteam-building,improvemanagementlevelofteams.Keeptheworksitetidy,clean,realizationofcivilization,anddoideologicalandpoliticalworkteam;8soastoimprovetracksafetycontest,commendtheadvancedexperiences.Craftsafetyresponsibilities1,responsiblefortheirownsafetyinthecontextofwork,ensurethesafetyandreliabilityofthetechnicalwork.2,isresponsibleforthepreparationoftechnicalspecificationsfortheunit"ssecurityandsafetymanagementsystem.Inthepreparationofstartup,shutdown,orwhenequipmentmaintenance,technicalfeasibility,tohavereliablehealthandsafetymeasuresandinspectionoftheimplementation.3,intheareaofstaffsecuritytechniqueandsafetytraining,organizationoftechnicaltrainingactivities,regularassessment.4,oftengoesintothefieldtocheck在整个施工过程中以国家规范、行业标准和规程为依据，使整个施工过程处于良性循环之中，处于受控状态。同时根据工程的不同部位采用不同的施工方法，会同各方商讨施工方案，使施工方案真正具有针对性和施工指导性。保证了施工质量，大大降低了返工率，提高了工作效率和经济效益。2、施工中针对施工的重点、难点成立了QC小组，制定了全面的、行之有效的方法,在工程中认真贯彻实施，大大提高了工程内在和外在质量。受到了上级主管部门、质量监督部门和业主的好评，为企业赢得了良好的信誉和创出了良好社会效益。3、由于机械使用率的降低，对能源消耗及其导致的大气污染、噪音污染均大幅度降低。4、由于人工挖孔施工平均每根桩2人一组，工期紧张时适当增加劳动力可有效加快施工进度，多工作面同时施工。机械施工受机械数量，成本控制，以及工作面占地大的影响，只能流水分段作业。5、与机械成桩对比分析对桩长8m，桩径1m进行人工挖孔桩及机械成桩进行经济对比分析。成桩方式设备进场设备租赁人工适用范围成桩时间共计费用人工挖孔200元1000元2人-1600元地质环境较好4天2800元机械成孔1000元2500元2人-500元地质环境较差2.5天4000元12.应用举例12.1案例一本工法应用于东方石化两厂搬迁改造项目，该工程位于北京市房山区燕山石化聚丙烯事业部厂区西部，于2008年3月7日至2009年12月底竣工。施工共计桩数五百于根，作为醇解、聚合等工序的工业厂房地基处理。本工法的应用，有效解决了桩位偏移现象，及不利地质条件下的挖桩施工。保证了施工质量及施工安全。施工结束后得到了建设及监理单位的好评，取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。现醇解、聚合等工序的主体结构及设备已施工安装完毕，未出现基础下沉、位移的现象。12.2案例二productionsafetysituation,potentialaccidentisdiscoveredintimetoproposemeasurestoeliminatethem,tostopillegaloperations.Donotscatterinanemergency,tostoptheirwork,andtoimmediatelyreporttothemanagement.5participateinworkshopequipment,changesintechnologyprogrammeandreviewofroastingtemperaturecurveismodified,tocomplywithsafetyrequirementsandproductrequirements.6participateinanyaccidentinvestigation,analysis,andfindoutthereason,responsibilityandcomeupwithpreventivemeasures,andshallpromptlyreporttotheleadershiporauthority.7,makingmaintenance,shutdown,workprogramme,inparticularwhenprocesschanges,mappingworkwellbeforestart.Level1employeesafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudytherelevantsafetyinstructions,rulesandsafetyprocedures,masteringthepostoperatingrules;2,mustwearPPEasrequiredoperation,properuseandproperstorageofprotectiveequipmentandfire-fightingequipment;3,workwillfocusonsafety,stableoperationandstrictlyobservelabourdisciplineandprocessdisciplineandconscientiouslyrecords,gang,leave,isstrictlyprohibitedinthepost,notsleeping,slapstickandotherdisciplinarymatters,todiscouragetheillegalactionsofothersand...2,responsibleforfireanalysisandentertheTower,tanksofgasmeteringandanalysisdatareportedtotheauthorities.3,responsibleforaccidentinvestigation,statisticsandreportingwork.1electricalsafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudyandabidebythesafetyrulesandregulations,instrictcompliancewiththeprohibitionsandprovisionsofsafety,performguardduties.2,beforetheoperation,wearappropriatePPE,implementsecuritymeasures,issuingsafetypermits,inspectiontools,instrumentsareingoodcondition.3,anyelectricalappliancewithoutinspection,shallbedeemedtohaveaccesstoelectricity,isforbiddentotouch.4,electricalmaintenance,youmuststop,cutoffpower,andhangupthe"noclose"warningsignsbeforetheycanwork.5,goodjobinelectricity,maintenancerecords,easilyleadtokeypartsofongoingsupervisionandinspectionoftheaccident.-17- exchangeexperienceinsafety,commendadvancedteamsandindividuals;8,theestablishmentoftheworkshopsafetymanagementnetwork,regularchecking,arrangementofsecuritywork,workshopandteamsecurityofficerroleintofullplay;9,issuedstrictenforcementoflaborprotectionarticles,healthstandards,anddoagoodjobpostworkers"laborprotectionwear,guaranteedpostworkers"safetyandhealth;10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.AssistantSuperintendentofsecurityresponsibilities1,Directoroftheworkshoponthesafetyoftheunitresponsible,DeputyDirectorinchargeofbusiness-widesecuritywork;2,seriouslycarryoutthepartyandthecountry"sworksafetylaws,regulations,standards,andresearchonsafetytechnology,exemplaryintheimplementationofoperationalproceduresandSafetyManager.10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.Groupleaders"safetyduties1andcarryoutbusinessandworkshoponsafetyinstructionsandrequirements,theteam"soverallresponsibilityforthesafetyandpersonalsafetyandhealthofworkers;2organizeandparticipateinsecurityactivities,adheretosafety,beforeclasstochecksecurity,aftersummingupthesecuritysystem;3,responsiblefornewworkers(includinginternships,accompanyingstaff)jobsafety,educationandtherighttostopwithoutthethird-leveleducationandsafetyassessmentofqualifiedworkersoperateindependently;4,foundaccidentssignsandaccidentstakeeffectivemeasurestopreventthesituationfromexpandingandreporting;shallimmediatelyreporttheaccidentandorganizedrescue,protectthescene,makedetailedrecords,participateinaccidentinvestigations,organizeworkerstoanalyzethecauseoftheaccident,theimplementationofpreventivemeasures;5,engaginginobviousdangerorseriousviolationsoftheemployeeshallbeentitledtostoptheoperationoftheproceduresandarrangementspostoperator,reporttotheleadership;6soastoimprovesafetyandfirefightingfacilities,equipmentinspectionsandmaintenancework,remainflexibletouse,checktheworkerreasonableuseofpersonalprotectiveequipment,andproperuseoffirefightingequipment.7,focusonteam-building,improvemanagementlevelofteams.Keeptheworksitetidy,clean,realizationofcivilization,anddoideologicalandpoliticalworkteam;8soastoimprovetracksafetycontest,commendtheadvancedexperiences.Craftsafetyresponsibilities1,responsiblefortheirownsafetyinthecontextofwork,ensurethesafetyandreliabilityofthetechnicalwork.2,isresponsibleforthepreparationoftechnicalspecificationsfortheunit"ssecurityandsafetymanagementsystem.Inthepreparationofstartup,shutdown,orwhenequipmentmaintenance,technicalfeasibility,tohavereliablehealthandsafetymeasuresandinspectionoftheimplementation.3,intheareaofstaffsecuritytechniqueandsafetytraining,organizationoftechnicaltrainingactivities,regularassessment.4,oftengoesintothefieldtocheck太原铁建集团朝阳街36号院高层住宅楼，总建筑面积21728㎡，地基处理采用人工扩孔钢筋混凝土灌注桩工艺，合理组织施工，比计划提前5天完工，成本降低11万元。成桩后，通过静载试验和桩体小应变测试，Ⅰ类桩39根，占抽检总数的93%；Ⅱ类桩3根，占抽检数量的7%；无Ⅲ类桩；桩身完整性较好。该工程由太原铁路建设集团建安公司第五项目部施工。productionsafetysituation,potentialaccidentisdiscoveredintimetoproposemeasurestoeliminatethem,tostopillegaloperations.Donotscatterinanemergency,tostoptheirwork,andtoimmediatelyreporttothemanagement.5participateinworkshopequipment,changesintechnologyprogrammeandreviewofroastingtemperaturecurveismodified,tocomplywithsafetyrequirementsandproductrequirements.6participateinanyaccidentinvestigation,analysis,andfindoutthereason,responsibilityandcomeupwithpreventivemeasures,andshallpromptlyreporttotheleadershiporauthority.7,makingmaintenance,shutdown,workprogramme,inparticularwhenprocesschanges,mappingworkwellbeforestart.Level1employeesafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudytherelevantsafetyinstructions,rulesandsafetyprocedures,masteringthepostoperatingrules;2,mustwearPPEasrequiredoperation,properuseandproperstorageofprotectiveequipmentandfire-fightingequipment;3,workwillfocusonsafety,stableoperationandstrictlyobservelabourdisciplineandprocessdisciplineandconscientiouslyrecords,gang,leave,isstrictlyprohibitedinthepost,notsleeping,slapstickandotherdisciplinarymatters,todiscouragetheillegalactionsofothersand...2,responsibleforfireanalysisandentertheTower,tanksofgasmeteringandanalysisdatareportedtotheauthorities.3,responsibleforaccidentinvestigation,statisticsandreportingwork.1electricalsafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudyandabidebythesafetyrulesandregulations,instrictcompliancewiththeprohibitionsandprovisionsofsafety,performguardduties.2,beforetheoperation,wearappropriatePPE,implementsecuritymeasures,issuingsafetypermits,inspectiontools,instrumentsareingoodcondition.3,anyelectricalappliancewithoutinspection,shallbedeemedtohaveaccesstoelectricity,isforbiddentotouch.4,electricalmaintenance,youmuststop,cutoffpower,andhangupthe"noclose"warningsignsbeforetheycanwork.5,goodjobinelectricity,maintenancerecords,easilyleadtokeypartsofongoingsupervisionandinspectionoftheaccident.-17- exchangeexperienceinsafety,commendadvancedteamsandindividuals;8,theestablishmentoftheworkshopsafetymanagementnetwork,regularchecking,arrangementofsecuritywork,workshopandteamsecurityofficerroleintofullplay;9,issuedstrictenforcementoflaborprotectionarticles,healthstandards,anddoagoodjobpostworkers"laborprotectionwear,guaranteedpostworkers"safetyandhealth;10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.AssistantSuperintendentofsecurityresponsibilities1,Directoroftheworkshoponthesafetyoftheunitresponsible,DeputyDirectorinchargeofbusiness-widesecuritywork;2,seriouslycarryoutthepartyandthecountry"sworksafetylaws,regulations,standards,andresearchonsafetytechnology,exemplaryintheimplementationofoperationalproceduresandSafetyManager.10,developemergencyplansanddrillsareregularlyorganized.Groupleaders"safetyduties1andcarryoutbusinessandworkshoponsafetyinstructionsandrequirements,theteam"soverallresponsibilityforthesafetyandpersonalsafetyandhealthofworkers;2organizeandparticipateinsecurityactivities,adheretosafety,beforeclasstochecksecurity,aftersummingupthesecuritysystem;3,responsiblefornewworkers(includinginternships,accompanyingstaff)jobsafety,educationandtherighttostopwithoutthethird-leveleducationandsafetyassessmentofqualifiedworkersoperateindependently;4,foundaccidentssignsandaccidentstakeeffectivemeasurestopreventthesituationfromexpandingandreporting;shallimmediatelyreporttheaccidentandorganizedrescue,protectthescene,makedetailedrecords,participateinaccidentinvestigations,organizeworkerstoanalyzethecauseoftheaccident,theimplementationofpreventivemeasures;5,engaginginobviousdangerorseriousviolationsoftheemployeeshallbeentitledtostoptheoperationoftheproceduresandarrangementspostoperator,reporttotheleadership;6soastoimprovesafetyandfirefightingfacilities,equipmentinspectionsandmaintenancework,remainflexibletouse,checktheworkerreasonableuseofpersonalprotectiveequipment,andproperuseoffirefightingequipment.7,focusonteam-building,improvemanagementlevelofteams.Keeptheworksitetidy,clean,realizationofcivilization,anddoideologicalandpoliticalworkteam;8soastoimprovetracksafetycontest,commendtheadvancedexperiences.Craftsafetyresponsibilities1,responsiblefortheirownsafetyinthecontextofwork,ensurethesafetyandreliabilityofthetechnicalwork.2,isresponsibleforthepreparationoftechnicalspecificationsfortheunit"ssecurityandsafetymanagementsystem.Inthepreparationofstartup,shutdown,orwhenequipmentmaintenance,technicalfeasibility,tohavereliablehealthandsafetymeasuresandinspectionoftheimplementation.3,intheareaofstaffsecuritytechniqueandsafetytraining,organizationoftechnicaltrainingactivities,regularassessment.4,oftengoesintothefieldtocheck目录1.前言12.工法特点13.适用范围14.工艺原理25.工艺流程及操作要点26.材料要求97.机具设备98.劳动组织99.质量管理1010.安全与环保措施1111.效益分析1412.应用举例15productionsafetysituation,potentialaccidentisdiscoveredintimetoproposemeasurestoeliminatethem,tostopillegaloperations.Donotscatterinanemergency,tostoptheirwork,andtoimmediatelyreporttothemanagement.5participateinworkshopequipment,changesintechnologyprogrammeandreviewofroastingtemperaturecurveismodified,tocomplywithsafetyrequirementsandproductrequirements.6participateinanyaccidentinvestigation,analysis,andfindoutthereason,responsibilityandcomeupwithpreventivemeasures,andshallpromptlyreporttotheleadershiporauthority.7,makingmaintenance,shutdown,workprogramme,inparticularwhenprocesschanges,mappingworkwellbeforestart.Level1employeesafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudytherelevantsafetyinstructions,rulesandsafetyprocedures,masteringthepostoperatingrules;2,mustwearPPEasrequiredoperation,properuseandproperstorageofprotectiveequipmentandfire-fightingequipment;3,workwillfocusonsafety,stableoperationandstrictlyobservelabourdisciplineandprocessdisciplineandconscientiouslyrecords,gang,leave,isstrictlyprohibitedinthepost,notsleeping,slapstickandotherdisciplinarymatters,todiscouragetheillegalactionsofothersand...2,responsibleforfireanalysisandentertheTower,tanksofgasmeteringandanalysisdatareportedtotheauthorities.3,responsibleforaccidentinvestigation,statisticsandreportingwork.1electricalsafetyresponsibilities,conscientiouslystudyandabidebythesafetyrulesandregulations,instrictcompliancewiththeprohibitionsandprovisionsofsafety,performguardduties.2,beforetheoperation,wearappropriatePPE,implementsecuritymeasures,issuingsafetypermits,inspectiontools,instrumentsareingoodcondition.3,anyelectricalappliancewithoutinspection,shallbedeemedtohaveaccesstoelectricity,isforbiddentotouch.4,electricalmaintenance,youmuststop,cutoffpower,andhangupthe"noclose"warningsignsbeforetheycanwork.5,goodjobinelectricity,maintenancerecords,easilyleadtokeypartsofongoingsupervisionandinspectionoftheaccident.-17-'