屋面合成高分子卷材屋面防水工程技术交底

'cardsonthetableinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanoperations;Diggingholes,hoisting,Dado,residueusedintransportationofallequipment,facilities,safetyequipment,gasmasks,accessories,materialsandpersonalprotectiveequipmentmustbecheckedbeforeuse,ensurethesafetyofuse;Everydaymustbeinservicefortoxicgasdetectionandrecord,consistentwithrequirementstolowerproduction;Excavationpileconstructionofexcavationprocessmusthavespecialcare;Intervalstheexcavationholepileontherequireddistancetodig,digdeepeach500-1000mmwallonce;Sectiononewallhigherthanhole250mm,requiredopeningprotectionfacilities;Lightingholejobsafetyminer"slamporthesafetyvoltageof12volts;Lowerpersonnelmustwearhelmets,seatbelts,bytherigidladder,intotheholeafterworkorjob,youmustset1.2mhighfencearoundtheholeandgaikongkou;Diggingwhenpumping,operatingpersonnelmustbeonthegroundbeforetheycanbecarriedoutafterthepumppowersupplymustbedisconnected;10,acceptancemaybehomework,notqualifiedforacceptanceoracceptancenotmadethenextprocesseswork.Sitespecificsecuritydisclosuredisclosuresignatures;11,targetedtheconstructionsitesafetydisclosure;12,theother.DisclosuresignaturestoacceptcardsdeliverthesignaturetimeJapanforminduplicate,teamsfromthedepositofaninstrument,andfiledareport.Earthworkconstructiontechnologytogivethelow-down(referencetables)4-2-2constructionorganizationnameprojectnametheconstructionsiteconstructionrequirementsofsecuritytechnicalcardsonthetableinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanoperations;Manualexcavationshouldbefromthetopdown,layer-by-layerexcavationdiggodsEarthisstrictlyprohibited,thereshouldbeadequatelightingatnight;DeepFoundationpitwhensoilwallchangesatanytime,ifthereareanylargecrackshadtostopconstruction,reportingtotheprojectmanagerforprocessing;Inthepitordeepinwork,mustwearahelmet,nodirtandotherobjectsabovefallheadinjury,intheeventofgroundwaterseepage,waterwellshouldbeexcluded;Attheside,ifthereareanyunidentifiablegoodsorpriordidnotforeseethecomingofcables,pipesandsoon,shouldstopoperations,reportingtothesuperior,noknockingorplaywith;Artificialliftdirt,youshouldreviewthetools,ropes,hookissolid,liftingverticalandnotsomeone,wheel,shouldbetheformationofwalkways,toremovebarriers;Underwateroperationstostrictlychecktheelectricalzeroconnectionandleakageprotectionswitch,cableshouldbeingoodconditionandwearPPE;Slope,tobecarriedoutinaccordancewiththerequirements,andcannotconcentratetoomuch,suchaswhenthesoilispoor,shallassignapersonincustody;Acceptancecanbecarriedoutoperations,acceptanceorunqualifiedacceptancenotmadeovernight,onlyinsocialistsocietyisfullydevelopedandhighlydevelopedthebasistorealizeandneedtoexperiencealongprocessofhistoricaldevelopment.Thisrequiresacommunistwhetherwhenwhatcircumstances,regardlessofthedifficultiesencounteredandrisk,hearttohaveidealbeacon,firmcommunistvictoryoffaith,notbecausetheremoteidealfeltnothingetherealandloseconfidence.,tothehighestidealsofco-occurrencestagegoaltogether,vowedtobuildingawell-offsocietyandrealizethegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenationandtheChinesedream,adheringtoanddevelopingtheChinesecharacteristicsocialismandsolidworkofthepartyintheprimarystageofsocialismbasiclineiswhat?Masterconstitutionstipulates:"thebasiclineoftheCommunistPartyofChinaintheprimarystageofsocialismis:leadershipandunitethepeopleofallethnicgroups,takingeconomicconstructionasthecenter,adheretothefourcardinalprinciples,adheretothepolicyofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld,self-relianceandpioneeringefforttoturnourcountrybuildastrong,prosperous,democratic,civilizedandharmoniousmodernsocialistcountrystruggle."thebaseThecontradictionbetweenstilltodevelopthisroutecanbesimplysummarizedas"acenter,twobasicpoints".Itisourpartyaccordingtoourcountry"sbasicnationalconditions,reflectsthepartyandthepeopleofallethnicgroupsoffundamentalinterests.Adheretothebasiclineforahundredyearsdoesnotshake,istheChinesecharacteristicsocialismvictoryalongthemostreliableguarantee.Adheretotheeconomicconstructionasthecenter,isthecountry,isourcountrysocialistprimarystageofthemaincontradictionsandbasictasks.Atthepresentstage,ourcountrysociety"sprincipalcontradictionisthepeople"sgrowingmaterialandculturalneedsandthebackwardsocialproduction.Inordertosolvethemaincontradiction,thecompletionofthebasictasks.Itmustpersistintakingeconomicconstructionasthecenter,variousothersubordinatedtoandservethecenter,whichisthekeytosolvingallproblemsinContemporaryChinese.Tofirmlyestablishtheinnovation,coordination,green,open,sharingofnewdevelopmentconcept,seizetheopportunity,acceleratethedevelopment,implementationofinnovationdrivendevelopmentstrategy,talentstrategyofgivingprioritytothedevelopment,givefullplaytotheinnovationastheroleofleadingthedevelopmentofthefirstpower,deepenthereform,advancinginapioneeringspirit,andpromoteChina"sdevelopmentsteptoanewlevel.Adheretothesocialistroad,upholdthepeople"sdemocraticdictatorship,adheretotheparty"sleadership,adheretothefourbasicprinciplesofMarxismLeninismandMaoZedongthought,isourfoundationofourcountry.inthewholeprocessofthesocialistmodernizationconstruction,mustadheretothefourcardinalprinciples.Outofthefourcardinalprinciples,ourcausenofoundation,Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand屋面合成高分子卷材屋面防水工程一、施工准备(一)作业条件1.找平层施工完毕，并经养护、干燥，含水率不大于9%。2.找平层坡度应符合设计要求，不得有空鼓、开裂、起砂、脱皮等缺陷。3.各种阴阳角、管根抹圆角。4.立面上卷最小高度要保证≥250mm。5.做好挑沿、女儿墙、入孔、沉降缝等防腐木砖；沉降缝顶要做坡以利于铁皮封盖。6.下水口的位置、出墙距离不能影响雨漏斗的安装，不能与各楼层的通气孔、空调孔紧贴。7.安全防护到位并经安全员验收，备好卷材及配套材料，存放和操作应远离火源，防止发生事故。8.出屋面的各种管道、避雷设施施工完毕，会同专业技术负责人、相关工长、质检员进行工序交接检查，合格后填写相应检查、验收表格，方可进行防水层的施工。9.如屋面找平层和保温层干燥有困难，可与设计单位洽商，采用排气屋面，屋面有保温层时，在找平层上留排气槽；采用花粘、条粘、空铺第一层卷材或第一层为打孔卷材，便于基层排出水分。10.排气道要纵横贯通，不得堵塞，留出排气孔应与大气连通，其数量应根据基层潮湿程度和屋面构造情况确定，排气道间距宜为6m，以36㎡留一孔为宜，并要做好防水处理；采用花粘、条粘、空铺或第一层打孔卷材时，在檐口、屋脊和屋面的转角处特殊部位，至少应有80cm宽的卷材满涂CX—404牢固贴在基层上。(二)材料及要求1.规格、材质：满足设计要求。2.防水卷材：三元乙丙橡胶防水卷材。密度400克，必须有出厂质量合格证，有相应资质等级检测部门出具的检测报告、产品性能和使用说明书；进场后应进行外观检查，合格后按规定取样复试，并实行有见证取样和送检。cardsonthetableinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanoperations;Diggingholes,hoisting,Dado,residueusedintransportationofallequipment,facilities,safetyequipment,gasmasks,accessories,materialsandpersonalprotectiveequipmentmustbecheckedbeforeuse,ensurethesafetyofuse;Everydaymustbeinservicefortoxicgasdetectionandrecord,consistentwithrequirementstolowerproduction;Excavationpileconstructionofexcavationprocessmusthavespecialcare;Intervalstheexcavationholepileontherequireddistancetodig,digdeepeach500-1000mmwallonce;Sectiononewallhigherthanhole250mm,requiredopeningprotectionfacilities;Lightingholejobsafetyminer"slamporthesafetyvoltageof12volts;Lowerpersonnelmustwearhelmets,seatbelts,bytherigidladder,intotheholeafterworkorjob,youmustset1.2mhighfencearoundtheholeandgaikongkou;Diggingwhenpumping,operatingpersonnelmustbeonthegroundbeforetheycanbecarriedoutafterthepumppowersupplymustbedisconnected;10,acceptancemaybehomework,notqualifiedforacceptanceoracceptancenotmadethenextprocesseswork.Sitespecificsecuritydisclosuredisclosuresignatures;11,targetedtheconstructionsitesafetydisclosure;12,theother.DisclosuresignaturestoacceptcardsdeliverthesignaturetimeJapanforminduplicate,teamsfromthedepositofaninstrument,andfiledareport.Earthworkconstructiontechnologytogivethelow-down(referencetables)4-2-2constructionorganizationnameprojectnametheconstructionsiteconstructionrequirementsofsecuritytechnicalcardsonthetableinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanoperations;Manualexcavationshouldbefromthetopdown,layer-by-layerexcavationdiggodsEarthisstrictlyprohibited,thereshouldbeadequatelightingatnight;DeepFoundationpitwhensoilwallchangesatanytime,ifthereareanylargecrackshadtostopconstruction,reportingtotheprojectmanagerforprocessing;Inthepitordeepinwork,mustwearahelmet,nodirtandotherobjectsabovefallheadinjury,intheeventofgroundwaterseepage,waterwellshouldbeexcluded;Attheside,ifthereareanyunidentifiablegoodsorpriordidnotforeseethecomingofcables,pipesandsoon,shouldstopoperations,reportingtothesuperior,noknockingorplaywith;Artificialliftdirt,youshouldreviewthetools,ropes,hookissolid,liftingverticalandnotsomeone,wheel,shouldbetheformationofwalkways,toremovebarriers;Underwateroperationstostrictlychecktheelectricalzeroconnectionandleakageprotectionswitch,cableshouldbeingoodconditionandwearPPE;Slope,tobecarriedoutinaccordancewiththerequirements,andcannotconcentratetoomuch,suchaswhenthesoilispoor,shallassignapersonincustody;Acceptancecanbecarriedoutoperations,acceptanceorunqualifiedacceptancenotmadenodirection,willgotogoastray.Atthebeginningofthenewperiod,DengXiaoping"sThoughtsonsocietyatthattimejustright,hadexplicitlyputforward,shouldadheretothefourbasicprinciples.Ifshookthefourbasicprinciplesinanyone,istounderminethewholeofthesocialistcause,thewholemodernization".Adheretothepolicyofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworldisourpower.Onlythroughreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld,candevelopChina,developsocialism,developmentofMarxismMeaning.Tocomprehensivelydeepenreform,centeringontheimprovementanddevelopmentofthesocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,promotetheaimofnationalgovernancesystemsandthemodernizationofmanagementability,planasawholetopromotecollaboration,persistinthereformdirectionofthesocialistmarketeconomy,topromotesocialfairnessandjustice,improvethewell-beingofthepeopleasthestartingpointandthefoothold,furtheremancipatethemind,theliberationanddevelopmentofproductiveforces,liberationandenhancesocialvitality,andresolutelygetridofeconomicconstruction,politicalconstruction,culturalconstruction,socialconstruction,theconstructionofecologicalcivilizationandtheconstructionofthepartysystemandmechanismoftheobstaclesandboldlyabsorbandlearnfromhumansocietytocreatealltheoutstandingachievementsofcivilizationtoTodevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsisabroaderprospect.Isinthecenteroftherealizationoftheunityof"onecenter,twobasicpoints"areinterconnectedandmutuallydependentandcannotbeseparated.Adheretotheeconomicconstructionasthecenter,fromonupholdingthefourcardinalprinciplesofthenationandadheretothereformandopeningupthecountry.Adheretothe"twobasicpoints",istoensuretheeconomicconstructionasthecentraltask,establisheconomicconstructionstatus,mustnotignoreandshaken,"twobasicpoints";emphasizethe"twobasicpoints"important,mustnotbetoreplaceorimpacteconomicconstructionthecenter.Howtounderstandourcountryandforalongtimeinthesocialistprimarystage.AcorrectunderstandingofourcountrynowadaysThestageofhistory,istheprimaryproblemoftheconstructionofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Partyconstitutiongeneralprogrammepointedout:"Chinaisinandwilllongremainintheprimarystageofsocialism."thisisourpartyfromtheChina"sactualconditions,inthesummaryofChina"ssocialistconstructionfrombothpositiveandnegativeaspectsofthehistoricaltheexperienceandlessonsonthebasisthatthescientificconclusion.Aprofoundunderstandingofthisimportantthesis,forweformulateandimplementthecorrectline,principlesandpolicies,doagoodjobinthework,isofgreatsignificance.Ontheonehand,thesocialisttransformationoftheearlyafterthefoundingofthenewChina,ourcountryhasenteredthesocialistmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis cardsonthetableinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanoperations;Diggingholes,hoisting,Dado,residueusedintransportationofallequipment,facilities,safetyequipment,gasmasks,accessories,materialsandpersonalprotectiveequipmentmustbecheckedbeforeuse,ensurethesafetyofuse;Everydaymustbeinservicefortoxicgasdetectionandrecord,consistentwithrequirementstolowerproduction;Excavationpileconstructionofexcavationprocessmusthavespecialcare;Intervalstheexcavationholepileontherequireddistancetodig,digdeepeach500-1000mmwallonce;Sectiononewallhigherthanhole250mm,requiredopeningprotectionfacilities;Lightingholejobsafetyminer"slamporthesafetyvoltageof12volts;Lowerpersonnelmustwearhelmets,seatbelts,bytherigidladder,intotheholeafterworkorjob,youmustset1.2mhighfencearoundtheholeandgaikongkou;Diggingwhenpumping,operatingpersonnelmustbeonthegroundbeforetheycanbecarriedoutafterthepumppowersupplymustbedisconnected;10,acceptancemaybehomework,notqualifiedforacceptanceoracceptancenotmadethenextprocesseswork.Sitespecificsecuritydisclosuredisclosuresignatures;11,targetedtheconstructionsitesafetydisclosure;12,theother.DisclosuresignaturestoacceptcardsdeliverthesignaturetimeJapanforminduplicate,teamsfromthedepositofaninstrument,andfiledareport.Earthworkconstructiontechnologytogivethelow-down(referencetables)4-2-2constructionorganizationnameprojectnametheconstructionsiteconstructionrequirementsofsecuritytechnicalcardsonthetableinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanoperations;Manualexcavationshouldbefromthetopdown,layer-by-layerexcavationdiggodsEarthisstrictlyprohibited,thereshouldbeadequatelightingatnight;DeepFoundationpitwhensoilwallchangesatanytime,ifthereareanylargecrackshadtostopconstruction,reportingtotheprojectmanagerforprocessing;Inthepitordeepinwork,mustwearahelmet,nodirtandotherobjectsabovefallheadinjury,intheeventofgroundwaterseepage,waterwellshouldbeexcluded;Attheside,ifthereareanyunidentifiablegoodsorpriordidnotforeseethecomingofcables,pipesandsoon,shouldstopoperations,reportingtothesuperior,noknockingorplaywith;Artificialliftdirt,youshouldreviewthetools,ropes,hookissolid,liftingverticalandnotsomeone,wheel,shouldbetheformationofwalkways,toremovebarriers;Underwateroperationstostrictlychecktheelectricalzeroconnectionandleakageprotectionswitch,cableshouldbeingoodconditionandwearPPE;Slope,tobecarriedoutinaccordancewiththerequirements,andcannotconcentratetoomuch,suchaswhenthesoilispoor,shallassignapersonincustody;Acceptancecanbecarriedoutoperations,acceptanceorunqualifiedacceptancenotmadeovernight,onlyinsocialistsocietyisfullydevelopedandhighlydevelopedthebasistorealizeandneedtoexperiencealongprocessofhistoricaldevelopment.Thisrequiresacommunistwhetherwhenwhatcircumstances,regardlessofthedifficultiesencounteredandrisk,hearttohaveidealbeacon,firmcommunistvictoryoffaith,notbecausetheremoteidealfeltnothingetherealandloseconfidence.,tothehighestidealsofco-occurrencestagegoaltogether,vowedtobuildingawell-offsocietyandrealizethegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenationandtheChinesedream,adheringtoanddevelopingtheChinesecharacteristicsocialismandsolidworkofthepartyintheprimarystageofsocialismbasiclineiswhat?Masterconstitutionstipulates:"thebasiclineoftheCommunistPartyofChinaintheprimarystageofsocialismis:leadershipandunitethepeopleofallethnicgroups,takingeconomicconstructionasthecenter,adheretothefourcardinalprinciples,adheretothepolicyofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld,self-relianceandpioneeringefforttoturnourcountrybuildastrong,prosperous,democratic,civilizedandharmoniousmodernsocialistcountrystruggle."thebaseThecontradictionbetweenstilltodevelopthisroutecanbesimplysummarizedas"acenter,twobasicpoints".Itisourpartyaccordingtoourcountry"sbasicnationalconditions,reflectsthepartyandthepeopleofallethnicgroupsoffundamentalinterests.Adheretothebasiclineforahundredyearsdoesnotshake,istheChinesecharacteristicsocialismvictoryalongthemostreliableguarantee.Adheretotheeconomicconstructionasthecenter,isthecountry,isourcountrysocialistprimarystageofthemaincontradictionsandbasictasks.Atthepresentstage,ourcountrysociety"sprincipalcontradictionisthepeople"sgrowingmaterialandculturalneedsandthebackwardsocialproduction.Inordertosolvethemaincontradiction,thecompletionofthebasictasks.Itmustpersistintakingeconomicconstructionasthecenter,variousothersubordinatedtoandservethecenter,whichisthekeytosolvingallproblemsinContemporaryChinese.Tofirmlyestablishtheinnovation,coordination,green,open,sharingofnewdevelopmentconcept,seizetheopportunity,acceleratethedevelopment,implementationofinnovationdrivendevelopmentstrategy,talentstrategyofgivingprioritytothedevelopment,givefullplaytotheinnovationastheroleofleadingthedevelopmentofthefirstpower,deepenthereform,advancinginapioneeringspirit,andpromoteChina"sdevelopmentsteptoanewlevel.Adheretothesocialistroad,upholdthepeople"sdemocraticdictatorship,adheretotheparty"sleadership,adheretothefourbasicprinciplesofMarxismLeninismandMaoZedongthought,isourfoundationofourcountry.inthewholeprocessofthesocialistmodernizationconstruction,mustadheretothefourcardinalprinciples.Outofthefourcardinalprinciples,ourcausenofoundation,Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand(三)施工机具电动搅拌器、高压吹风机、铁辊、手持压滚、压子、小平铲、铁桶、汽油喷灯、剪刀、钢卷尺、笤帚、小线、粉笔、红土粉等。二、质量要求质量要求符合(屋面工程质量验收规范)(GB50207－2002)表2—1项序检查项目允许偏差或允许值主控项目1卷材及配套材料质量第4.3.15条2卷材防水层第4.3.16条3防水细部构造第4.3.17条一般项目1卷材搭接缝与收头质量第4.3.18条2卷材保护层第4.3.19条3排汽屋面孔道留置第4.3.20条4卷材铺贴方向铺贴方向正确5搭接宽度允许偏差－10mm三、工艺流程基层清理→涂刷基层处理剂→附加层施工→卷材与基层表面涂胶→晒胶卷材铺贴→卷材收头粘结→卷材接头密封→蓄水试验→做保护层四、操作工艺(一)清理基层1.防水层施工前将已验收合格的基层表面清扫干净，不得有浮尘、杂物等影响防水层质量的缺陷。2.涂刷基层处理剂：涂布聚氨酯底胶。(二)涂刷聚氨酯底胶1.聚氨酯底胶的配制：聚氨酯材料按甲：乙=1：3(重量比)的比例配合，搅拌均匀即可施工；也可以由聚氨酯材料按甲：乙：二甲苯=1：1.5：1.5的比例配合，搅拌均匀进行施工。2.涂刷聚氨酯底胶：大面积涂刷前，用棕刷蘸底胶在阴阳角、管根、水落口等细部复杂部位均匀涂刷一遍聚氨酯底胶，然后用长把滚刷在大面积部位涂刷。涂刷底胶(相当于冷底子油)厚度应一致，不得有漏刷、花白等现象。cardsonthetableinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanoperations;Diggingholes,hoisting,Dado,residueusedintransportationofallequipment,facilities,safetyequipment,gasmasks,accessories,materialsandpersonalprotectiveequipmentmustbecheckedbeforeuse,ensurethesafetyofuse;Everydaymustbeinservicefortoxicgasdetectionandrecord,consistentwithrequirementstolowerproduction;Excavationpileconstructionofexcavationprocessmusthavespecialcare;Intervalstheexcavationholepileontherequireddistancetodig,digdeepeach500-1000mmwallonce;Sectiononewallhigherthanhole250mm,requiredopeningprotectionfacilities;Lightingholejobsafetyminer"slamporthesafetyvoltageof12volts;Lowerpersonnelmustwearhelmets,seatbelts,bytherigidladder,intotheholeafterworkorjob,youmustset1.2mhighfencearoundtheholeandgaikongkou;Diggingwhenpumping,operatingpersonnelmustbeonthegroundbeforetheycanbecarriedoutafterthepumppowersupplymustbedisconnected;10,acceptancemaybehomework,notqualifiedforacceptanceoracceptancenotmadethenextprocesseswork.Sitespecificsecuritydisclosuredisclosuresignatures;11,targetedtheconstructionsitesafetydisclosure;12,theother.DisclosuresignaturestoacceptcardsdeliverthesignaturetimeJapanforminduplicate,teamsfromthedepositofaninstrument,andfiledareport.Earthworkconstructiontechnologytogivethelow-down(referencetables)4-2-2constructionorganizationnameprojectnametheconstructionsiteconstructionrequirementsofsecuritytechnicalcardsonthetableinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanoperations;Manualexcavationshouldbefromthetopdown,layer-by-layerexcavationdiggodsEarthisstrictlyprohibited,thereshouldbeadequatelightingatnight;DeepFoundationpitwhensoilwallchangesatanytime,ifthereareanylargecrackshadtostopconstruction,reportingtotheprojectmanagerforprocessing;Inthepitordeepinwork,mustwearahelmet,nodirtandotherobjectsabovefallheadinjury,intheeventofgroundwaterseepage,waterwellshouldbeexcluded;Attheside,ifthereareanyunidentifiablegoodsorpriordidnotforeseethecomingofcables,pipesandsoon,shouldstopoperations,reportingtothesuperior,noknockingorplaywith;Artificialliftdirt,youshouldreviewthetools,ropes,hookissolid,liftingverticalandnotsomeone,wheel,shouldbetheformationofwalkways,toremovebarriers;Underwateroperationstostrictlychecktheelectricalzeroconnectionandleakageprotectionswitch,cableshouldbeingoodconditionandwearPPE;Slope,tobecarriedoutinaccordancewiththerequirements,andcannotconcentratetoomuch,suchaswhenthesoilispoor,shallassignapersonincustody;Acceptancecanbecarriedoutoperations,acceptanceorunqualifiedacceptancenotmadenodirection,willgotogoastray.Atthebeginningofthenewperiod,DengXiaoping"sThoughtsonsocietyatthattimejustright,hadexplicitlyputforward,shouldadheretothefourbasicprinciples.Ifshookthefourbasicprinciplesinanyone,istounderminethewholeofthesocialistcause,thewholemodernization".Adheretothepolicyofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworldisourpower.Onlythroughreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld,candevelopChina,developsocialism,developmentofMarxismMeaning.Tocomprehensivelydeepenreform,centeringontheimprovementanddevelopmentofthesocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,promotetheaimofnationalgovernancesystemsandthemodernizationofmanagementability,planasawholetopromotecollaboration,persistinthereformdirectionofthesocialistmarketeconomy,topromotesocialfairnessandjustice,improvethewell-beingofthepeopleasthestartingpointandthefoothold,furtheremancipatethemind,theliberationanddevelopmentofproductiveforces,liberationandenhancesocialvitality,andresolutelygetridofeconomicconstruction,politicalconstruction,culturalconstruction,socialconstruction,theconstructionofecologicalcivilizationandtheconstructionofthepartysystemandmechanismoftheobstaclesandboldlyabsorbandlearnfromhumansocietytocreatealltheoutstandingachievementsofcivilizationtoTodevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsisabroaderprospect.Isinthecenteroftherealizationoftheunityof"onecenter,twobasicpoints"areinterconnectedandmutuallydependentandcannotbeseparated.Adheretotheeconomicconstructionasthecenter,fromonupholdingthefourcardinalprinciplesofthenationandadheretothereformandopeningupthecountry.Adheretothe"twobasicpoints",istoensuretheeconomicconstructionasthecentraltask,establisheconomicconstructionstatus,mustnotignoreandshaken,"twobasicpoints";emphasizethe"twobasicpoints"important,mustnotbetoreplaceorimpacteconomicconstructionthecenter.Howtounderstandourcountryandforalongtimeinthesocialistprimarystage.AcorrectunderstandingofourcountrynowadaysThestageofhistory,istheprimaryproblemoftheconstructionofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Partyconstitutiongeneralprogrammepointedout:"Chinaisinandwilllongremainintheprimarystageofsocialism."thisisourpartyfromtheChina"sactualconditions,inthesummaryofChina"ssocialistconstructionfrombothpositiveandnegativeaspectsofthehistoricaltheexperienceandlessonsonthebasisthatthescientificconclusion.Aprofoundunderstandingofthisimportantthesis,forweformulateandimplementthecorrectline,principlesandpolicies,doagoodjobinthework,isofgreatsignificance.Ontheonehand,thesocialisttransformationoftheearlyafterthefoundingofthenewChina,ourcountryhasenteredthesocialistmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis cardsonthetableinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanoperations;Diggingholes,hoisting,Dado,residueusedintransportationofallequipment,facilities,safetyequipment,gasmasks,accessories,materialsandpersonalprotectiveequipmentmustbecheckedbeforeuse,ensurethesafetyofuse;Everydaymustbeinservicefortoxicgasdetectionandrecord,consistentwithrequirementstolowerproduction;Excavationpileconstructionofexcavationprocessmusthavespecialcare;Intervalstheexcavationholepileontherequireddistancetodig,digdeepeach500-1000mmwallonce;Sectiononewallhigherthanhole250mm,requiredopeningprotectionfacilities;Lightingholejobsafetyminer"slamporthesafetyvoltageof12volts;Lowerpersonnelmustwearhelmets,seatbelts,bytherigidladder,intotheholeafterworkorjob,youmustset1.2mhighfencearoundtheholeandgaikongkou;Diggingwhenpumping,operatingpersonnelmustbeonthegroundbeforetheycanbecarriedoutafterthepumppowersupplymustbedisconnected;10,acceptancemaybehomework,notqualifiedforacceptanceoracceptancenotmadethenextprocesseswork.Sitespecificsecuritydisclosuredisclosuresignatures;11,targetedtheconstructionsitesafetydisclosure;12,theother.DisclosuresignaturestoacceptcardsdeliverthesignaturetimeJapanforminduplicate,teamsfromthedepositofaninstrument,andfiledareport.Earthworkconstructiontechnologytogivethelow-down(referencetables)4-2-2constructionorganizationnameprojectnametheconstructionsiteconstructionrequirementsofsecuritytechnicalcardsonthetableinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanoperations;Manualexcavationshouldbefromthetopdown,layer-by-layerexcavationdiggodsEarthisstrictlyprohibited,thereshouldbeadequatelightingatnight;DeepFoundationpitwhensoilwallchangesatanytime,ifthereareanylargecrackshadtostopconstruction,reportingtotheprojectmanagerforprocessing;Inthepitordeepinwork,mustwearahelmet,nodirtandotherobjectsabovefallheadinjury,intheeventofgroundwaterseepage,waterwellshouldbeexcluded;Attheside,ifthereareanyunidentifiablegoodsorpriordidnotforeseethecomingofcables,pipesandsoon,shouldstopoperations,reportingtothesuperior,noknockingorplaywith;Artificialliftdirt,youshouldreviewthetools,ropes,hookissolid,liftingverticalandnotsomeone,wheel,shouldbetheformationofwalkways,toremovebarriers;Underwateroperationstostrictlychecktheelectricalzeroconnectionandleakageprotectionswitch,cableshouldbeingoodconditionandwearPPE;Slope,tobecarriedoutinaccordancewiththerequirements,andcannotconcentratetoomuch,suchaswhenthesoilispoor,shallassignapersonincustody;Acceptancecanbecarriedoutoperations,acceptanceorunqualifiedacceptancenotmadeovernight,onlyinsocialistsocietyisfullydevelopedandhighlydevelopedthebasistorealizeandneedtoexperiencealongprocessofhistoricaldevelopment.Thisrequiresacommunistwhetherwhenwhatcircumstances,regardlessofthedifficultiesencounteredandrisk,hearttohaveidealbeacon,firmcommunistvictoryoffaith,notbecausetheremoteidealfeltnothingetherealandloseconfidence.,tothehighestidealsofco-occurrencestagegoaltogether,vowedtobuildingawell-offsocietyandrealizethegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenationandtheChinesedream,adheringtoanddevelopingtheChinesecharacteristicsocialismandsolidworkofthepartyintheprimarystageofsocialismbasiclineiswhat?Masterconstitutionstipulates:"thebasiclineoftheCommunistPartyofChinaintheprimarystageofsocialismis:leadershipandunitethepeopleofallethnicgroups,takingeconomicconstructionasthecenter,adheretothefourcardinalprinciples,adheretothepolicyofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld,self-relianceandpioneeringefforttoturnourcountrybuildastrong,prosperous,democratic,civilizedandharmoniousmodernsocialistcountrystruggle."thebaseThecontradictionbetweenstilltodevelopthisroutecanbesimplysummarizedas"acenter,twobasicpoints".Itisourpartyaccordingtoourcountry"sbasicnationalconditions,reflectsthepartyandthepeopleofallethnicgroupsoffundamentalinterests.Adheretothebasiclineforahundredyearsdoesnotshake,istheChinesecharacteristicsocialismvictoryalongthemostreliableguarantee.Adheretotheeconomicconstructionasthecenter,isthecountry,isourcountrysocialistprimarystageofthemaincontradictionsandbasictasks.Atthepresentstage,ourcountrysociety"sprincipalcontradictionisthepeople"sgrowingmaterialandculturalneedsandthebackwardsocialproduction.Inordertosolvethemaincontradiction,thecompletionofthebasictasks.Itmustpersistintakingeconomicconstructionasthecenter,variousothersubordinatedtoandservethecenter,whichisthekeytosolvingallproblemsinContemporaryChinese.Tofirmlyestablishtheinnovation,coordination,green,open,sharingofnewdevelopmentconcept,seizetheopportunity,acceleratethedevelopment,implementationofinnovationdrivendevelopmentstrategy,talentstrategyofgivingprioritytothedevelopment,givefullplaytotheinnovationastheroleofleadingthedevelopmentofthefirstpower,deepenthereform,advancinginapioneeringspirit,andpromoteChina"sdevelopmentsteptoanewlevel.Adheretothesocialistroad,upholdthepeople"sdemocraticdictatorship,adheretotheparty"sleadership,adheretothefourbasicprinciplesofMarxismLeninismandMaoZedongthought,isourfoundationofourcountry.inthewholeprocessofthesocialistmodernizationconstruction,mustadheretothefourcardinalprinciples.Outofthefourcardinalprinciples,ourcausenofoundation,Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand(三)附加层施工阴阳角、管根、水落口等部位必须先做附加层，可采用自粘性密封胶或聚氨酯涂膜、也可以铺贴一层合成高分子防水卷材处理，应根据设计要求确定。(四)卷材与基层表面涂胶1.卷材表面涂胶：将卷材铺展在干净的基层上，用长把滚刷蘸CX－404胶滚涂均匀。应留出搭接部位不涂胶，边头部位空出l00mm。涂刷胶粘剂厚度要均匀，不得有漏底或凝聚块类物质存在；卷材涂胶后10～20min静置干燥，当指触不粘手时，用原卷材筒将刷胶面向外卷起来，卷时要端头子整，卷劲一致，直径不得一头大，一头小，并要防止卷入砂粒和杂物，保持洁净。2.基层表面涂胶：已涂底胶干燥后，在其表面涂刷CX—404胶，用长把滚刷蘸CX—404胶，不得在一处反复涂刷，防止粘起底胶或形成凝聚块，细部位置可用毛刷均匀涂刷，静置晾干即可铺贴卷材。(五)卷材铺贴，卷材及基层已涂的胶基本干燥后(手触不粘，一般20min左右)，即可进行铺贴卷材施工。卷材的层数、厚度应符合设计要求。1.卷材应平行屋脊从檐口处往上铺贴，双向流水坡度卷材搭接应顺流水方向，长边及端头的搭接宽度，如空铺、点粘、条粘时，均为l00mm；满粘法均为80mm，且端头接茬要错开250mm。2.卷材应从流水坡度的下坡开始，按卷材规格弹出基准线铺贴，并使卷材的长向与流水坡向垂直。注意卷材配制应减少阴阳角处的接头。3.铺贴平面与立面相连接的卷材，应由下向上进行，使卷材紧贴阴阳角，铺展时对卷材不可拉得过紧，且不得有皱褶、空鼓等现象。4.卷材末端收头及边嵌固：为了防止卷材末端剥落，造成渗膏或其他密封材料封闭，当密封材料固化后，表面再涂刷一层聚氨酯防水涂料，然后压抹107胶水泥砂浆压缝封闭。详见图4—1。cardsonthetableinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanoperations;Diggingholes,hoisting,Dado,residueusedintransportationofallequipment,facilities,safetyequipment,gasmasks,accessories,materialsandpersonalprotectiveequipmentmustbecheckedbeforeuse,ensurethesafetyofuse;Everydaymustbeinservicefortoxicgasdetectionandrecord,consistentwithrequirementstolowerproduction;Excavationpileconstructionofexcavationprocessmusthavespecialcare;Intervalstheexcavationholepileontherequireddistancetodig,digdeepeach500-1000mmwallonce;Sectiononewallhigherthanhole250mm,requiredopeningprotectionfacilities;Lightingholejobsafetyminer"slamporthesafetyvoltageof12volts;Lowerpersonnelmustwearhelmets,seatbelts,bytherigidladder,intotheholeafterworkorjob,youmustset1.2mhighfencearoundtheholeandgaikongkou;Diggingwhenpumping,operatingpersonnelmustbeonthegroundbeforetheycanbecarriedoutafterthepumppowersupplymustbedisconnected;10,acceptancemaybehomework,notqualifiedforacceptanceoracceptancenotmadethenextprocesseswork.Sitespecificsecuritydisclosuredisclosuresignatures;11,targetedtheconstructionsitesafetydisclosure;12,theother.DisclosuresignaturestoacceptcardsdeliverthesignaturetimeJapanforminduplicate,teamsfromthedepositofaninstrument,andfiledareport.Earthworkconstructiontechnologytogivethelow-down(referencetables)4-2-2constructionorganizationnameprojectnametheconstructionsiteconstructionrequirementsofsecuritytechnicalcardsonthetableinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanoperations;Manualexcavationshouldbefromthetopdown,layer-by-layerexcavationdiggodsEarthisstrictlyprohibited,thereshouldbeadequatelightingatnight;DeepFoundationpitwhensoilwallchangesatanytime,ifthereareanylargecrackshadtostopconstruction,reportingtotheprojectmanagerforprocessing;Inthepitordeepinwork,mustwearahelmet,nodirtandotherobjectsabovefallheadinjury,intheeventofgroundwaterseepage,waterwellshouldbeexcluded;Attheside,ifthereareanyunidentifiablegoodsorpriordidnotforeseethecomingofcables,pipesandsoon,shouldstopoperations,reportingtothesuperior,noknockingorplaywith;Artificialliftdirt,youshouldreviewthetools,ropes,hookissolid,liftingverticalandnotsomeone,wheel,shouldbetheformationofwalkways,toremovebarriers;Underwateroperationstostrictlychecktheelectricalzeroconnectionandleakageprotectionswitch,cableshouldbeingoodconditionandwearPPE;Slope,tobecarriedoutinaccordancewiththerequirements,andcannotconcentratetoomuch,suchaswhenthesoilispoor,shallassignapersonincustody;Acceptancecanbecarriedoutoperations,acceptanceorunqualifiedacceptancenotmadenodirection,willgotogoastray.Atthebeginningofthenewperiod,DengXiaoping"sThoughtsonsocietyatthattimejustright,hadexplicitlyputforward,shouldadheretothefourbasicprinciples.Ifshookthefourbasicprinciplesinanyone,istounderminethewholeofthesocialistcause,thewholemodernization".Adheretothepolicyofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworldisourpower.Onlythroughreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld,candevelopChina,developsocialism,developmentofMarxismMeaning.Tocomprehensivelydeepenreform,centeringontheimprovementanddevelopmentofthesocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,promotetheaimofnationalgovernancesystemsandthemodernizationofmanagementability,planasawholetopromotecollaboration,persistinthereformdirectionofthesocialistmarketeconomy,topromotesocialfairnessandjustice,improvethewell-beingofthepeopleasthestartingpointandthefoothold,furtheremancipatethemind,theliberationanddevelopmentofproductiveforces,liberationandenhancesocialvitality,andresolutelygetridofeconomicconstruction,politicalconstruction,culturalconstruction,socialconstruction,theconstructionofecologicalcivilizationandtheconstructionofthepartysystemandmechanismoftheobstaclesandboldlyabsorbandlearnfromhumansocietytocreatealltheoutstandingachievementsofcivilizationtoTodevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsisabroaderprospect.Isinthecenteroftherealizationoftheunityof"onecenter,twobasicpoints"areinterconnectedandmutuallydependentandcannotbeseparated.Adheretotheeconomicconstructionasthecenter,fromonupholdingthefourcardinalprinciplesofthenationandadheretothereformandopeningupthecountry.Adheretothe"twobasicpoints",istoensuretheeconomicconstructionasthecentraltask,establisheconomicconstructionstatus,mustnotignoreandshaken,"twobasicpoints";emphasizethe"twobasicpoints"important,mustnotbetoreplaceorimpacteconomicconstructionthecenter.Howtounderstandourcountryandforalongtimeinthesocialistprimarystage.AcorrectunderstandingofourcountrynowadaysThestageofhistory,istheprimaryproblemoftheconstructionofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Partyconstitutiongeneralprogrammepointedout:"Chinaisinandwilllongremainintheprimarystageofsocialism."thisisourpartyfromtheChina"sactualconditions,inthesummaryofChina"ssocialistconstructionfrombothpositiveandnegativeaspectsofthehistoricaltheexperienceandlessonsonthebasisthatthescientificconclusion.Aprofoundunderstandingofthisimportantthesis,forweformulateandimplementthecorrectline,principlesandpolicies,doagoodjobinthework,isofgreatsignificance.Ontheonehand,thesocialisttransformationoftheearlyafterthefoundingofthenewChina,ourcountryhasenteredthesocialistmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis cardsonthetableinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanoperations;Diggingholes,hoisting,Dado,residueusedintransportationofallequipment,facilities,safetyequipment,gasmasks,accessories,materialsandpersonalprotectiveequipmentmustbecheckedbeforeuse,ensurethesafetyofuse;Everydaymustbeinservicefortoxicgasdetectionandrecord,consistentwithrequirementstolowerproduction;Excavationpileconstructionofexcavationprocessmusthavespecialcare;Intervalstheexcavationholepileontherequireddistancetodig,digdeepeach500-1000mmwallonce;Sectiononewallhigherthanhole250mm,requiredopeningprotectionfacilities;Lightingholejobsafetyminer"slamporthesafetyvoltageof12volts;Lowerpersonnelmustwearhelmets,seatbelts,bytherigidladder,intotheholeafterworkorjob,youmustset1.2mhighfencearoundtheholeandgaikongkou;Diggingwhenpumping,operatingpersonnelmustbeonthegroundbeforetheycanbecarriedoutafterthepumppowersupplymustbedisconnected;10,acceptancemaybehomework,notqualifiedforacceptanceoracceptancenotmadethenextprocesseswork.Sitespecificsecuritydisclosuredisclosuresignatures;11,targetedtheconstructionsitesafetydisclosure;12,theother.DisclosuresignaturestoacceptcardsdeliverthesignaturetimeJapanforminduplicate,teamsfromthedepositofaninstrument,andfiledareport.Earthworkconstructiontechnologytogivethelow-down(referencetables)4-2-2constructionorganizationnameprojectnametheconstructionsiteconstructionrequirementsofsecuritytechnicalcardsonthetableinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanoperations;Manualexcavationshouldbefromthetopdown,layer-by-layerexcavationdiggodsEarthisstrictlyprohibited,thereshouldbeadequatelightingatnight;DeepFoundationpitwhensoilwallchangesatanytime,ifthereareanylargecrackshadtostopconstruction,reportingtotheprojectmanagerforprocessing;Inthepitordeepinwork,mustwearahelmet,nodirtandotherobjectsabovefallheadinjury,intheeventofgroundwaterseepage,waterwellshouldbeexcluded;Attheside,ifthereareanyunidentifiablegoodsorpriordidnotforeseethecomingofcables,pipesandsoon,shouldstopoperations,reportingtothesuperior,noknockingorplaywith;Artificialliftdirt,youshouldreviewthetools,ropes,hookissolid,liftingverticalandnotsomeone,wheel,shouldbetheformationofwalkways,toremovebarriers;Underwateroperationstostrictlychecktheelectricalzeroconnectionandleakageprotectionswitch,cableshouldbeingoodconditionandwearPPE;Slope,tobecarriedoutinaccordancewiththerequirements,andcannotconcentratetoomuch,suchaswhenthesoilispoor,shallassignapersonincustody;Acceptancecanbecarriedoutoperations,acceptanceorunqualifiedacceptancenotmadeovernight,onlyinsocialistsocietyisfullydevelopedandhighlydevelopedthebasistorealizeandneedtoexperiencealongprocessofhistoricaldevelopment.Thisrequiresacommunistwhetherwhenwhatcircumstances,regardlessofthedifficultiesencounteredandrisk,hearttohaveidealbeacon,firmcommunistvictoryoffaith,notbecausetheremoteidealfeltnothingetherealandloseconfidence.,tothehighestidealsofco-occurrencestagegoaltogether,vowedtobuildingawell-offsocietyandrealizethegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenationandtheChinesedream,adheringtoanddevelopingtheChinesecharacteristicsocialismandsolidworkofthepartyintheprimarystageofsocialismbasiclineiswhat?Masterconstitutionstipulates:"thebasiclineoftheCommunistPartyofChinaintheprimarystageofsocialismis:leadershipandunitethepeopleofallethnicgroups,takingeconomicconstructionasthecenter,adheretothefourcardinalprinciples,adheretothepolicyofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld,self-relianceandpioneeringefforttoturnourcountrybuildastrong,prosperous,democratic,civilizedandharmoniousmodernsocialistcountrystruggle."thebaseThecontradictionbetweenstilltodevelopthisroutecanbesimplysummarizedas"acenter,twobasicpoints".Itisourpartyaccordingtoourcountry"sbasicnationalconditions,reflectsthepartyandthepeopleofallethnicgroupsoffundamentalinterests.Adheretothebasiclineforahundredyearsdoesnotshake,istheChinesecharacteristicsocialismvictoryalongthemostreliableguarantee.Adheretotheeconomicconstructionasthecenter,isthecountry,isourcountrysocialistprimarystageofthemaincontradictionsandbasictasks.Atthepresentstage,ourcountrysociety"sprincipalcontradictionisthepeople"sgrowingmaterialandculturalneedsandthebackwardsocialproduction.Inordertosolvethemaincontradiction,thecompletionofthebasictasks.Itmustpersistintakingeconomicconstructionasthecenter,variousothersubordinatedtoandservethecenter,whichisthekeytosolvingallproblemsinContemporaryChinese.Tofirmlyestablishtheinnovation,coordination,green,open,sharingofnewdevelopmentconcept,seizetheopportunity,acceleratethedevelopment,implementationofinnovationdrivendevelopmentstrategy,talentstrategyofgivingprioritytothedevelopment,givefullplaytotheinnovationastheroleofleadingthedevelopmentofthefirstpower,deepenthereform,advancinginapioneeringspirit,andpromoteChina"sdevelopmentsteptoanewlevel.Adheretothesocialistroad,upholdthepeople"sdemocraticdictatorship,adheretotheparty"sleadership,adheretothefourbasicprinciplesofMarxismLeninismandMaoZedongthought,isourfoundationofourcountry.inthewholeprocessofthesocialistmodernizationconstruction,mustadheretothefourcardinalprinciples.Outofthefourcardinalprinciples,ourcausenofoundation,Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand图4—1卷材泛水收头1.密封材料；2.附加层；3.防水层；4.水泥钉；5.防水处理(六)卷材接头粘贴1.合成高分子卷材搭接宽度：满粘法80mm，空铺、点粘、条粘法l00mm。2.合成高分子卷材搭接缝用丁基胶粘剂A、B两个组份，按1：1的比例配合搅拌均匀，用油漆刷均匀涂刷在翻开的卷材接头的两个粘结面上，静置干燥20min，即可从一端开始粘合，操作时从里向外一边压合，一边排出空气，并用手持小铁压辊压实，边缘用聚氨酯嵌缝膏封闭。(七)防水层蓄水试验卷材防水层施工后，经隐蔽工程验收，确认做法符合设计要求，应做蓄水试验，确认不渗漏水，方可施工防水层保护层。(八)保护层施工在卷材铺贴完毕，经隐检、蓄水试验，确认无渗漏的情况下，非上人屋面用长把滚刷均匀涂刷着色保护涂料；上人屋面根据设计要求做块材等刚性保护层。五、成品保护1.已铺好的卷材防水层，应及时采取保护措施，防止机具和施工作业损伤。2.屋面防水层施工中不得将穿过屋面、墙面的管根损伤变位。3.变形缝、水落管口等处防水层施工前，应进行临时堵塞，防水层完工后，应进行清除，保证管、缝内通畅，满足使用功能。4.防水层施工完毕，应及时做好保护层。5.施工中不得污染已做完的成品。六、应注意的质量问题cardsonthetableinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanoperations;Diggingholes,hoisting,Dado,residueusedintransportationofallequipment,facilities,safetyequipment,gasmasks,accessories,materialsandpersonalprotectiveequipmentmustbecheckedbeforeuse,ensurethesafetyofuse;Everydaymustbeinservicefortoxicgasdetectionandrecord,consistentwithrequirementstolowerproduction;Excavationpileconstructionofexcavationprocessmusthavespecialcare;Intervalstheexcavationholepileontherequireddistancetodig,digdeepeach500-1000mmwallonce;Sectiononewallhigherthanhole250mm,requiredopeningprotectionfacilities;Lightingholejobsafetyminer"slamporthesafetyvoltageof12volts;Lowerpersonnelmustwearhelmets,seatbelts,bytherigidladder,intotheholeafterworkorjob,youmustset1.2mhighfencearoundtheholeandgaikongkou;Diggingwhenpumping,operatingpersonnelmustbeonthegroundbeforetheycanbecarriedoutafterthepumppowersupplymustbedisconnected;10,acceptancemaybehomework,notqualifiedforacceptanceoracceptancenotmadethenextprocesseswork.Sitespecificsecuritydisclosuredisclosuresignatures;11,targetedtheconstructionsitesafetydisclosure;12,theother.DisclosuresignaturestoacceptcardsdeliverthesignaturetimeJapanforminduplicate,teamsfromthedepositofaninstrument,andfiledareport.Earthworkconstructiontechnologytogivethelow-down(referencetables)4-2-2constructionorganizationnameprojectnametheconstructionsiteconstructionrequirementsofsecuritytechnicalcardsonthetableinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanoperations;Manualexcavationshouldbefromthetopdown,layer-by-layerexcavationdiggodsEarthisstrictlyprohibited,thereshouldbeadequatelightingatnight;DeepFoundationpitwhensoilwallchangesatanytime,ifthereareanylargecrackshadtostopconstruction,reportingtotheprojectmanagerforprocessing;Inthepitordeepinwork,mustwearahelmet,nodirtandotherobjectsabovefallheadinjury,intheeventofgroundwaterseepage,waterwellshouldbeexcluded;Attheside,ifthereareanyunidentifiablegoodsorpriordidnotforeseethecomingofcables,pipesandsoon,shouldstopoperations,reportingtothesuperior,noknockingorplaywith;Artificialliftdirt,youshouldreviewthetools,ropes,hookissolid,liftingverticalandnotsomeone,wheel,shouldbetheformationofwalkways,toremovebarriers;Underwateroperationstostrictlychecktheelectricalzeroconnectionandleakageprotectionswitch,cableshouldbeingoodconditionandwearPPE;Slope,tobecarriedoutinaccordancewiththerequirements,andcannotconcentratetoomuch,suchaswhenthesoilispoor,shallassignapersonincustody;Acceptancecanbecarriedoutoperations,acceptanceorunqualifiedacceptancenotmadenodirection,willgotogoastray.Atthebeginningofthenewperiod,DengXiaoping"sThoughtsonsocietyatthattimejustright,hadexplicitlyputforward,shouldadheretothefourbasicprinciples.Ifshookthefourbasicprinciplesinanyone,istounderminethewholeofthesocialistcause,thewholemodernization".Adheretothepolicyofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworldisourpower.Onlythroughreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld,candevelopChina,developsocialism,developmentofMarxismMeaning.Tocomprehensivelydeepenreform,centeringontheimprovementanddevelopmentofthesocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,promotetheaimofnationalgovernancesystemsandthemodernizationofmanagementability,planasawholetopromotecollaboration,persistinthereformdirectionofthesocialistmarketeconomy,topromotesocialfairnessandjustice,improvethewell-beingofthepeopleasthestartingpointandthefoothold,furtheremancipatethemind,theliberationanddevelopmentofproductiveforces,liberationandenhancesocialvitality,andresolutelygetridofeconomicconstruction,politicalconstruction,culturalconstruction,socialconstruction,theconstructionofecologicalcivilizationandtheconstructionofthepartysystemandmechanismoftheobstaclesandboldlyabsorbandlearnfromhumansocietytocreatealltheoutstandingachievementsofcivilizationtoTodevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsisabroaderprospect.Isinthecenteroftherealizationoftheunityof"onecenter,twobasicpoints"areinterconnectedandmutuallydependentandcannotbeseparated.Adheretotheeconomicconstructionasthecenter,fromonupholdingthefourcardinalprinciplesofthenationandadheretothereformandopeningupthecountry.Adheretothe"twobasicpoints",istoensuretheeconomicconstructionasthecentraltask,establisheconomicconstructionstatus,mustnotignoreandshaken,"twobasicpoints";emphasizethe"twobasicpoints"important,mustnotbetoreplaceorimpacteconomicconstructionthecenter.Howtounderstandourcountryandforalongtimeinthesocialistprimarystage.AcorrectunderstandingofourcountrynowadaysThestageofhistory,istheprimaryproblemoftheconstructionofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Partyconstitutiongeneralprogrammepointedout:"Chinaisinandwilllongremainintheprimarystageofsocialism."thisisourpartyfromtheChina"sactualconditions,inthesummaryofChina"ssocialistconstructionfrombothpositiveandnegativeaspectsofthehistoricaltheexperienceandlessonsonthebasisthatthescientificconclusion.Aprofoundunderstandingofthisimportantthesis,forweformulateandimplementthecorrectline,principlesandpolicies,doagoodjobinthework,isofgreatsignificance.Ontheonehand,thesocialisttransformationoftheearlyafterthefoundingofthenewChina,ourcountryhasenteredthesocialistmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis cardsonthetableinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanoperations;Diggingholes,hoisting,Dado,residueusedintransportationofallequipment,facilities,safetyequipment,gasmasks,accessories,materialsandpersonalprotectiveequipmentmustbecheckedbeforeuse,ensurethesafetyofuse;Everydaymustbeinservicefortoxicgasdetectionandrecord,consistentwithrequirementstolowerproduction;Excavationpileconstructionofexcavationprocessmusthavespecialcare;Intervalstheexcavationholepileontherequireddistancetodig,digdeepeach500-1000mmwallonce;Sectiononewallhigherthanhole250mm,requiredopeningprotectionfacilities;Lightingholejobsafetyminer"slamporthesafetyvoltageof12volts;Lowerpersonnelmustwearhelmets,seatbelts,bytherigidladder,intotheholeafterworkorjob,youmustset1.2mhighfencearoundtheholeandgaikongkou;Diggingwhenpumping,operatingpersonnelmustbeonthegroundbeforetheycanbecarriedoutafterthepumppowersupplymustbedisconnected;10,acceptancemaybehomework,notqualifiedforacceptanceoracceptancenotmadethenextprocesseswork.Sitespecificsecuritydisclosuredisclosuresignatures;11,targetedtheconstructionsitesafetydisclosure;12,theother.DisclosuresignaturestoacceptcardsdeliverthesignaturetimeJapanforminduplicate,teamsfromthedepositofaninstrument,andfiledareport.Earthworkconstructiontechnologytogivethelow-down(referencetables)4-2-2constructionorganizationnameprojectnametheconstructionsiteconstructionrequirementsofsecuritytechnicalcardsonthetableinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanoperations;Manualexcavationshouldbefromthetopdown,layer-by-layerexcavationdiggodsEarthisstrictlyprohibited,thereshouldbeadequatelightingatnight;DeepFoundationpitwhensoilwallchangesatanytime,ifthereareanylargecrackshadtostopconstruction,reportingtotheprojectmanagerforprocessing;Inthepitordeepinwork,mustwearahelmet,nodirtandotherobjectsabovefallheadinjury,intheeventofgroundwaterseepage,waterwellshouldbeexcluded;Attheside,ifthereareanyunidentifiablegoodsorpriordidnotforeseethecomingofcables,pipesandsoon,shouldstopoperations,reportingtothesuperior,noknockingorplaywith;Artificialliftdirt,youshouldreviewthetools,ropes,hookissolid,liftingverticalandnotsomeone,wheel,shouldbetheformationofwalkways,toremovebarriers;Underwateroperationstostrictlychecktheelectricalzeroconnectionandleakageprotectionswitch,cableshouldbeingoodconditionandwearPPE;Slope,tobecarriedoutinaccordancewiththerequirements,andcannotconcentratetoomuch,suchaswhenthesoilispoor,shallassignapersonincustody;Acceptancecanbecarriedoutoperations,acceptanceorunqualifiedacceptancenotmadeovernight,onlyinsocialistsocietyisfullydevelopedandhighlydevelopedthebasistorealizeandneedtoexperiencealongprocessofhistoricaldevelopment.Thisrequiresacommunistwhetherwhenwhatcircumstances,regardlessofthedifficultiesencounteredandrisk,hearttohaveidealbeacon,firmcommunistvictoryoffaith,notbecausetheremoteidealfeltnothingetherealandloseconfidence.,tothehighestidealsofco-occurrencestagegoaltogether,vowedtobuildingawell-offsocietyandrealizethegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenationandtheChinesedream,adheringtoanddevelopingtheChinesecharacteristicsocialismandsolidworkofthepartyintheprimarystageofsocialismbasiclineiswhat?Masterconstitutionstipulates:"thebasiclineoftheCommunistPartyofChinaintheprimarystageofsocialismis:leadershipandunitethepeopleofallethnicgroups,takingeconomicconstructionasthecenter,adheretothefourcardinalprinciples,adheretothepolicyofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld,self-relianceandpioneeringefforttoturnourcountrybuildastrong,prosperous,democratic,civilizedandharmoniousmodernsocialistcountrystruggle."thebaseThecontradictionbetweenstilltodevelopthisroutecanbesimplysummarizedas"acenter,twobasicpoints".Itisourpartyaccordingtoourcountry"sbasicnationalconditions,reflectsthepartyandthepeopleofallethnicgroupsoffundamentalinterests.Adheretothebasiclineforahundredyearsdoesnotshake,istheChinesecharacteristicsocialismvictoryalongthemostreliableguarantee.Adheretotheeconomicconstructionasthecenter,isthecountry,isourcountrysocialistprimarystageofthemaincontradictionsandbasictasks.Atthepresentstage,ourcountrysociety"sprincipalcontradictionisthepeople"sgrowingmaterialandculturalneedsandthebackwardsocialproduction.Inordertosolvethemaincontradiction,thecompletionofthebasictasks.Itmustpersistintakingeconomicconstructionasthecenter,variousothersubordinatedtoandservethecenter,whichisthekeytosolvingallproblemsinContemporaryChinese.Tofirmlyestablishtheinnovation,coordination,green,open,sharingofnewdevelopmentconcept,seizetheopportunity,acceleratethedevelopment,implementationofinnovationdrivendevelopmentstrategy,talentstrategyofgivingprioritytothedevelopment,givefullplaytotheinnovationastheroleofleadingthedevelopmentofthefirstpower,deepenthereform,advancinginapioneeringspirit,andpromoteChina"sdevelopmentsteptoanewlevel.Adheretothesocialistroad,upholdthepeople"sdemocraticdictatorship,adheretotheparty"sleadership,adheretothefourbasicprinciplesofMarxismLeninismandMaoZedongthought,isourfoundationofourcountry.inthewholeprocessofthesocialistmodernizationconstruction,mustadheretothefourcardinalprinciples.Outofthefourcardinalprinciples,ourcausenofoundation,Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand1.卷材防水层空鼓：多发生在找平层与卷材之间，尤其是卷材的接缝处：原因是基层不干燥，气体排出不彻底，卷材粘结不牢，压得不实；应控制好各工序的验收。2.卷材屋面防水层渗漏：加强细部操作，管根、水落管口、伸缩缝和卷材搭接处，应做好收头粘结，施工中保护好接槎，嵌缝时应清理，使干净的接槎面相粘，以保证施工质量，认真做蓄水试验。3.积水：屋面、檐沟泛水坡度做得不顺，坡度不够，屋面平整度差。施工时基层找平层泛水坡度应符合要求。cardsonthetableinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanoperations;Diggingholes,hoisting,Dado,residueusedintransportationofallequipment,facilities,safetyequipment,gasmasks,accessories,materialsandpersonalprotectiveequipmentmustbecheckedbeforeuse,ensurethesafetyofuse;Everydaymustbeinservicefortoxicgasdetectionandrecord,consistentwithrequirementstolowerproduction;Excavationpileconstructionofexcavationprocessmusthavespecialcare;Intervalstheexcavationholepileontherequireddistancetodig,digdeepeach500-1000mmwallonce;Sectiononewallhigherthanhole250mm,requiredopeningprotectionfacilities;Lightingholejobsafetyminer"slamporthesafetyvoltageof12volts;Lowerpersonnelmustwearhelmets,seatbelts,bytherigidladder,intotheholeafterworkorjob,youmustset1.2mhighfencearoundtheholeandgaikongkou;Diggingwhenpumping,operatingpersonnelmustbeonthegroundbeforetheycanbecarriedoutafterthepumppowersupplymustbedisconnected;10,acceptancemaybehomework,notqualifiedforacceptanceoracceptancenotmadethenextprocesseswork.Sitespecificsecuritydisclosuredisclosuresignatures;11,targetedtheconstructionsitesafetydisclosure;12,theother.DisclosuresignaturestoacceptcardsdeliverthesignaturetimeJapanforminduplicate,teamsfromthedepositofaninstrument,andfiledareport.Earthworkconstructiontechnologytogivethelow-down(referencetables)4-2-2constructionorganizationnameprojectnametheconstructionsiteconstructionrequirementsofsecuritytechnicalcardsonthetableinaccordancewiththeconstructionplanoperations;Manualexcavationshouldbefromthetopdown,layer-by-layerexcavationdiggodsEarthisstrictlyprohibited,thereshouldbeadequatelightingatnight;DeepFoundationpitwhensoilwallchangesatanytime,ifthereareanylargecrackshadtostopconstruction,reportingtotheprojectmanagerforprocessing;Inthepitordeepinwork,mustwearahelmet,nodirtandotherobjectsabovefallheadinjury,intheeventofgroundwaterseepage,waterwellshouldbeexcluded;Attheside,ifthereareanyunidentifiablegoodsorpriordidnotforeseethecomingofcables,pipesandsoon,shouldstopoperations,reportingtothesuperior,noknockingorplaywith;Artificialliftdirt,youshouldreviewthetools,ropes,hookissolid,liftingverticalandnotsomeone,wheel,shouldbetheformationofwalkways,toremovebarriers;Underwateroperationstostrictlychecktheelectricalzeroconnectionandleakageprotectionswitch,cableshouldbeingoodconditionandwearPPE;Slope,tobecarriedoutinaccordancewiththerequirements,andcannotconcentratetoomuch,suchaswhenthesoilispoor,shallassignapersonincustody;Acceptancecanbecarriedoutoperations,acceptanceorunqualifiedacceptancenotmadenodirection,willgotogoastray.Atthebeginningofthenewperiod,DengXiaoping"sThoughtsonsocietyatthattimejustright,hadexplicitlyputforward,shouldadheretothefourbasicprinciples.Ifshookthefourbasicprinciplesinanyone,istounderminethewholeofthesocialistcause,thewholemodernization".Adheretothepolicyofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworldisourpower.Onlythroughreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld,candevelopChina,developsocialism,developmentofMarxismMeaning.Tocomprehensivelydeepenreform,centeringontheimprovementanddevelopmentofthesocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,promotetheaimofnationalgovernancesystemsandthemodernizationofmanagementability,planasawholetopromotecollaboration,persistinthereformdirectionofthesocialistmarketeconomy,topromotesocialfairnessandjustice,improvethewell-beingofthepeopleasthestartingpointandthefoothold,furtheremancipatethemind,theliberationanddevelopmentofproductiveforces,liberationandenhancesocialvitality,andresolutelygetridofeconomicconstruction,politicalconstruction,culturalconstruction,socialconstruction,theconstructionofecologicalcivilizationandtheconstructionofthepartysystemandmechanismoftheobstaclesandboldlyabsorbandlearnfromhumansocietytocreatealltheoutstandingachievementsofcivilizationtoTodevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsisabroaderprospect.Isinthecenteroftherealizationoftheunityof"onecenter,twobasicpoints"areinterconnectedandmutuallydependentandcannotbeseparated.Adheretotheeconomicconstructionasthecenter,fromonupholdingthefourcardinalprinciplesofthenationandadheretothereformandopeningupthecountry.Adheretothe"twobasicpoints",istoensuretheeconomicconstructionasthecentraltask,establisheconomicconstructionstatus,mustnotignoreandshaken,"twobasicpoints";emphasizethe"twobasicpoints"important,mustnotbetoreplaceorimpacteconomicconstructionthecenter.Howtounderstandourcountryandforalongtimeinthesocialistprimarystage.AcorrectunderstandingofourcountrynowadaysThestageofhistory,istheprimaryproblemoftheconstructionofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Partyconstitutiongeneralprogrammepointedout:"Chinaisinandwilllongremainintheprimarystageofsocialism."thisisourpartyfromtheChina"sactualconditions,inthesummaryofChina"ssocialistconstructionfrombothpositiveandnegativeaspectsofthehistoricaltheexperienceandlessonsonthebasisthatthescientificconclusion.Aprofoundunderstandingofthisimportantthesis,forweformulateandimplementthecorrectline,principlesandpolicies,doagoodjobinthework,isofgreatsignificance.Ontheonehand,thesocialisttransformationoftheearlyafterthefoundingofthenewChina,ourcountryhasenteredthesocialistmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis'