gb50202-2002英文版(建筑地基基础工程施工质量验收规范

'UDCNationalStandardofthePeople"sRepublicofChinaPGB50202-2002建筑地基基础工程施工质量验收规范CodeforAcceptanceofConstructionQualityofBuildingFoundationIssuedonApril12002ExecutedonMay12002JointlyPromulgatedbytheMinistryofConstructionandtheStateGeneralAdministrationforQualitySupervisionandInspectionandQuarantineofthePeople"sRepublicofChina NationalStandardofthePeople"sRepublicofChina建筑地基基础工程施工质量验收规范CodeforAcceptanceofConstructionQualityofBuildingFoundationGB50202-2002Compiledby:ConstructionandManagementCommissionofShanghaiMunicipalityApprovedby:MinistryofConstructionoftheP.R.C.Executedon:May12002ChinesePlanningPress2002Beijing NationalStandardofthePeople"sRepublicofChinaCodeforAcceptanceofConstructionQualityofBuildingFoundationGB50202-2002CompiledbyConstructionandManagementCommissionofShanghaiMunicipalityPublishedbyChinesePlanningPress(Address:4/F,BlockC,GuohongMansionJia11,MuxudiBeili,XichengDistrict,Beijing)(Zipcode:100038Tel:6390641363906416)DistributedbyBeijingbranchofXinhuaBookstorePrintedbyWorldKnowledgePrintingHouse850x1168mm1/322.75printedsheets67thousandChinesecharactersFirstpublishedinApril2002SecondprintedinJune2002Number150001-190000volumesUnifiedBookNo.:1580058·482Price:RMB15.00 NoticeonIssuingtheNationalStandardoftheCodeforAcceptanceofConstructionQualityofBuildingFoundationJ.B.[2002]NO.79PursuanttotheNoticeonthePrintingandDistributionofthePreparationandModificationPlansof1997"sEngineeringConstructionStandards(J.B.[1997]NO.108),thisCodeforAcceptanceofConstructionQualityofBuildingFoundationisrectifiedjointlybytheConstructionandManagementCommissionofShanghaiMunicipalityandotherrelevantdepartments.OurministryhasarrangedfortheexaminationbyrelateddepartmentsoftheCodeandherebyapproveditasanationalstandardwiththeserialnumberofGB5022-2002andtobeeffectiveonMay12002.The4.1.5,4.1.6,5.1.3,5.1.4,5.1.5,7.1.3and7.1.7articleshereofarecompulsoryandmustbestrictlyandexactlyperformed.UpontheexecutionofthisCode,anyrelatedcontentswithrespectof"earthworks"stipulatedinthepreviouslyformulatedSpecificationsforConstructionandAcceptanceofGroundandFoundationsGBJ202-83andSpecificationsforConstructionandAcceptanceofEarthworksandExplosionEngineeringGBJ201-83shallbeabolishedandterminatedimmediately.ThisCodeshallbegovernedbytheMinistryofConstructionoftheP.R.C.,andinterpretedbytheMinistrywithrespectofthecompulsoryarticleshereofandbyShanghaiFoundationEngineeringCompanywithrespectofthetechnicaldetailshereof,andpublishedanddistributedbyChinesePlanningPressundertheorganizationofthestandardquotainstituteoftheMinistryofConstructionoftheP.R.C.MinistryofConstructionoftheP.R.C.April12002 Supportingcompilers:FoundationInstituteofChinaAcademyofBuildingResearchDesigninstituteofNO.3HarbouringBureauofCHECComprehensivesurveyresearchanddesigninstituteundertheMinistryofConstructionTongjiUniversityChiefdrafters:GuiYekunYeBorongWuChunlinLiYaogangLiYaoliangChenXiquanGaoHongxingGuoShutaiMiaoJunfaLiKangjunQiuShizhongQianJianmingLiuDelin TableofContents1GeneralRules12Terms23BasicRegulations44Foundation54.1GeneralTerms54.2Soil-limeFoundation64.3Sand-sandstoneFoundation64.4GeosyntheticsFoundation74.5FlyashFoundation84.6DynamicConsolidationFoundation94.7GroutingFoundation94.8PreloadingFoundation114.9VibrationImpactFoundation124.10JetGroutingFoundation124.11Soil-cementMixedPileFoundation134.12Soil-limeCompactedColumnCompositeFoundation144.13CementFlyashGravelPileCompositeFoundation154.14TampingSoil-cementPileCompositeFoundation164.15SandPileFoundation175PileFoundation195.1GeneralTerms195.2StaticForcePressing-inPiles215.3Pre-tensionedPre-stressingTubePile225.4PrecastConcretePile235.5SteelPile255.6Cast-in-placeConcretePile276Earthwork296.1GeneralTerms296.2ExcavationofEarthwork296.3BackfillingofEarth317FoundationPit327.1GeneralTerms327.2Row-pileWallTimbering33 7.3Soil-cementPileWallTimbering347.4BoltingandSoil-nailedWallSupport357.5SteelorConcreteSupportSystem357.6UndergroundDiaphragmWall367.7SunkWellandCaisson387.8WaterLoweringandDrainage428QualityAcceptanceofDivisional(Sub-divisional)Work44ScheduleAKeyPointfortheSurveyofGroundandFoundation45ScheduleBPerformanceofPlasticDrainageBelts48ExplanationforUsageofWordsintheStandard49 1GeneralRules1.0.1Forthepurposeofenhancingsupervisionandmanagementoverengineeringqualityandunifyingacceptancerulesonconstructionqualityofbuildingfoundationssoastoensureengineeringquality,thisCodeisherebymadeasfollows.1.0.2ThisCodeshallbeapplicabletothequalityacceptanceoffoundationsinbuildingworks1.0.3Requirementsstipulatedinanyoftheengineeringtechnicaldocumentsandcontractsthatareadoptedforfoundationconstructionshallatleastattainthestipulationssetforthhereof.1.0.4ThisCodeshallbeusedincooperationwiththeUnifiedStandardforQualityAcceptanceofBuildingEngineeringGB50300thatiscurrentlyinforceandeffective1.0.5Acceptanceofthequalityofbuildingfoundationsshall,inadditiontothisCode,complywithotherrelatednationalcodesandstandardsthatarecurrentlyinforceandeffective.48 2Terms2.0.1GeosyntheticsfoundationAbuildingfoundationthatisformedbycoveringgeosyntheticswithsoil(orsands),wheregeosyntheticsmaybeoneormorethanonelayer.Generallyspeaking,thismethodissuitableforshallowfoundations.2.0.2HeavytampingfoundationUnderthiscircumstance,afreefallingheavytamperwillbeutilizedtotampsoil-coveringshallowfoundationstoformauniformlyhardenedsurfacelayertobeartheloadupon.Whenpunching,thetamper"sdropheightshallbemuchbiggerthanthefoundationtobetamped.2.0.3DynamicconsolidationfoundationAsregardsthisterm,theprocessissimilartothatforheavytampingfoundations,exceptthatthetamper"sdropheightinthiscasemustbemuchbiggerthanthatforheavytampingfoundation.2.0.4GroutingfoundationInthiscase,thepreparedchemicalorcementgroutwillbeinfusedthroughconduitsintotheholesofthesoilbody,andintegratedwiththebodysoastoincreasethebody"sstrengthandreduceitscompressibilityandpermeability.2.0.5PreloadingfoundationImposealoadontheundisturbedsoiltoextrudethewatercontained,soastorealizethepre-consolidationofsoilandreducethebuildingfoundation’slatesubsidenceandincreasethefoundation’sbearingcapacity.Therearethreemethodsforthemakingofpreloadingfoundations,namely,heapedpreloading,vacuumpreloadingandprecipitationpreloading.2.0.6JetgroutingfoundationAsforthisfoundation,adrillerwillbeutilizedtodirectlybringagrouthosewithjetnozzleintothepredeterminedpositionunderthesoillayer,orputthehoseatthepredeterminedpositionafterdrillingahole.Then,thegroutorwaterwillbedrivenbyhighpressuretosprayoutofthejetnozzle.Thewhirlyspayedgroutwillintegratewiththesoiltoformaconsolidatedbody.Theprocessofonlyutilizingasinglehosetospaygroutiscalled“one-pipemethod”,thatofutilizingtwopipestospayhigh-pressureairandgroutcalled“two-pipemethod”,andthatofutilizingthreepipestospayhigh-pressurewater,high-pressureairandgroutsimultaneouslyiscalled“three-pipemethod”.48 2.0.7Soil-cementmixedpilefoundationUtilizethecementasthesolidifyingagentand,byablendingmachine,mixthecementwiththefoundation’ssoil,andthehardenedmixturewillformthisfoundation.2.0.8Soil-limecompactedcolumnDrillholesintheundisturbedsoil,fillinplainsoilorlimebylayers,tampthem,andmakethemcompacttomakethesurroundingsoilbodycompactsoastoasolidfoundation.2.0.9Cementfly-ashgravelpileAfterutilizingadrillerwithlongtwistbitstodrillholesormakingholeswithasunkentubepilemachine,andfillbyapumporthroughacharginghopperthemixtureofcement,flyashandreducedstoneintoholestoformcompactandsolidfoundations.2.0.10PressedpilebyanchorrodThispilesinkingtechnologyutilizesananchorrodtopressthepileintothesoilgradually,wheretheanchorcanuseaverticalsoilanchor,oragroundanchorthatistemporarilyanchoredinconcretesub-slaborpilecap.48 3BasicRegulations3.0.1Priortotheconstructionofbuildingfoundations,completegeologicalsurveydetailsandtheinformationofstructureaboutsurroundingpipelines,buildings,structuresandotherutilitiesmustbeprepared.Whennecessary,constructionsurveysandexaminationshallbecarriedoutsoastoensurethefoundation’squalityandthesafetyofnearbybuildings.KeypointsabouttheconstructionsurveyrefertoScheduleA.3.0.2Constructionunitsmustownscorrespondingprofessionalqualificationsandshallestablishedimprovedqualitycontrolandinspectionsystems.3.0.3Unitengagedintheinspectionofbuildingfoundationsandtestsforcertificationmustacquirethequalificationcertificatesissuedbytheprovincialandabove(includingtheprovincial,autonomousregion,municipalauthority)competentconstructionauthorityandcertificatesforqualifiedinspectionunitsissuedbycompetentinspectionauthority.3.0.4Asadivisionalwork,foundations,ifnecessary,maybefurtherdividedintoanumberofsub-divisionalworkpursuanttotheUnifiedStandardforQualityAcceptanceofBuildingsEngineeringGB50300currentlyinforce.3.0.5Intheeventthatabnormalconditionsoccurredinthecourseofconstruction,theconstructionshallimmediatelybestopped.Constructionsupervisionandmanagementcompaniesorownersshallinvitesurvey,designandconstructionunitstojointlyanalyzetheconditionssoastosolvetheproblemsexisted,eliminatehiddenqualityshortagesanddetailtheminwriting.48 4Foundation4.1GeneralTerms4.1.1Thefollowingmaterialsshallbepreparedfortheconstructionofbuildingfoundations:1.Geotechnicalengineeringsurveymaterials.2.Type,allocationandstructurequalityofsurroundingbuildingsandundergroundfacilities.3.Engineeringdesigndrawings,designrequirementsandthestandardsrequiredtoattain,andmeansofinspection.4.1.2Thequality,testingitems,batchquantityandinspectionmethodsofrawmaterials,suchassands,pebble,cement,steelmaterial,limeandflyash,shallcomplywithrelevantnationalstandardscurrentlyinforce.4.1.3Afterthefoundation’sconstructioniscompleted,qualityacceptanceshouldbeproceededinaperiodofinactivity,whichisdeterminedbydesignrequirements.4.1.4Foundationimprovementworksshallgothroughatestingphasebeforethebeginningofformalconstructionsoastoverifypredeterminedconstructionparametersandimprovingeffects.Inloadtestsforverifyingtheeffectsofimprovement,theimposedloadshallnotbesmallerthantwotimesofthatofthedesignvalue.4.1.5Asregardsthelime-soilfoundation,sandandsandstonefoundation,geosyntheticsfoundation,flyashfoundation,dynamicconsolidationfoundation,groutingfoundation,andpreloadingfoundation,theconstructionresults(foundationstrengthorbearingcapacity)mustattainthelevelindesignrequirements.Intermsofthenumberofinspection,atleastthreepointsarerequiredforeveryunitproject.Atthesametime,atleastonepointshallbeinspectedevery100m2foraprojectwiththeareaof1000m2orabove,andevery300m2foraprojectwiththeareaof3000m2orabove.Atleastonepointisnecessaryundereveryindependentfoundation,andonepointisneededevery20linearmeteralongthefoundationtrench.4.1.6Asregardsthesoil-cementmixedpilefoundation,jetgroutingfoundation,sandpilefoundation,vibration-punchingpilecompositefoundation,soil-limecompactedcolumncompositefoundation,cementflyashgravelpilefoundationandsoil-cementtampingpilecompositefoundation,thenumberofinspectionofbearingcapacityshallbe0.5%-1%ofthetotalbutnotlessthanthreeplaces.Iftheinspectionofsinglepilestrengthisrequired,theinspectionnumbershallbe0.5%-1%ofthetotalbutnotunderthreepiles.4.1.7Withtheexceptionofthemaincontrolitemssetforthinthearticlesof4.1.5and4.1.6ofthisCode,othermaincontrolandcommonitemsmaybeinspected48 randomly.However,amongthecompositefoundations,soil-cementmixedpile,jetgroutingpile,vibration-punchingpile,soil-limecompactedcolumn,cementflyashandtampingsoil-cementpileshallberandomlyinspectedbasedonapercentageof20%.4.2Soil-limeFoundation4.2.1Soil,limeorcement(whenthelimeelementisreplacedwithcement)andtheirmixingratioshallbeinlinewithdesignrequirements.Soil-limeshallbeuniformlymixed.4.2.2Inthecourseofconstruction,thethicknessofvariouslayers,overlaplengthoftheupperandlowerlayersofsections,waterquantityfortamping,numberoftampingandcompactingcoefficientshallbeexaminedandmeasured.4.2.3Afterthecompletionofconstruction,thesoil-limefoundation’sbearingcapacityshallbeinspected.4.2.4TheQualityinspectionstandardforsoil-limefoundationsshallcomplywithTable4.2.4.Table4.2.4Qualityinspectionstandardforsoil-limefoundationsNameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevariationorvalueInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1BearingcapacityoffoundationDesignrequirementsBystipulatedmethod2MixingratioDesignrequirementsBasedonthevolumeratioatmixing3CompactingcoefficientDesignrequirementsMeasureonthespotCommonitems1Particlesizeoflimemm£5Sieving2Contentoforganicsubstanceinsoil%£5Laboratorialroasting3Particlesizeofsoilmm£15Sieving4Watercontent(comparedwiththerequiredoptimizedpercentage)%±2Drying5Thicknessvariationoflayer(comparedwithdesignrequirements)mm±50Waterlevel4.3Sand-sandstoneFoundation4.3.1Rawmaterialsincludingsandandsandstoneshallmeetthedesignrequirementsforqualityandmixingratio,andshallbeuniformlymixed.48 4.3.2Duringthecourseofconstruction,thethicknessoflayersandtheoverlaplengthinsections,waterquantityfortamping,numberoftampingandcompactingcoefficientmustbeexaminedandmeasured.4.3.3Afterthecompletionofconstruction,thesand-sandstonefoundation’sbearingcapacityshallbemeasured.4.3.4TheQualityinspectionstandardforsand-sandstonefoundationsshallcomplywithTable4.3.4.Table4.3.4Qualityinspectionstandardforsand-sandstonefoundationsNameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevariationorvalueInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1BearingcapacityoffoundationDesignrequirementsBystipulatedmethod2MixingratioDesignrequirementsBasedonthevolumeorweightratioatmixing3CompactingcoefficientDesignrequirementsMeasureonthespotCommonitems1Contentoforganicsubstanceinsand-sandstonematerial%£5Roasting2Contentofsoilinsand-sandstonematerial%£5Waterwash3Particlesizeofsandstonemm£100Sieving4Watercontent(comparedwiththerequiredoptimizedpercentage)%±2Drying5Thicknessvariationoflayer(comparedwithdesignrequirements)mm±50Waterlevel4.4GeosyntheticsFoundation4.4.1Beforetheconstruction,thephysicalproperty(includingthequality,thicknessandspecificgravityofunitarea),strength,ratioofelongationofgeosyntheticsmustbeinspectedandmeasured,sodothesoilandsand-sandstone.Geosyntheticsshallbeinspectedonabatchbasis,with5%foreverybatch.4.4.2Inthecourseofconstruction,stripping,layingthicknessandflatnessofbackfill,layingdirectionofgeosynthetics,overlaplengthorconditionofjoints,connectionbetweenthestructureandgeosynthetics,etc.mustbechecked.4.4.3Afterthecompletionofconstruction,thegeosyntheticsfoundation’sbearingcapacityshallbemeasured.4.3.4TheQualityinspectionstandardforgeosyntheticsfoundationsshallcomplywithTable4.4.4.48 Table4.4.4QualityinspectionstandardforgeosyntheticsfoundationsNameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevariationorvalueInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1Strengthofgeosynthetics%£5Useaclampingapparatustomakestretchingtests(testresultscomparedwithdesignstandard)2Elongationratioofgeosynthetics%£3Useaclampingapparatustomakestretchingtests(testresultscomparedwithdesignstandard)3BearingcapacityoffoundationDesignrequirementsBystipulatedmethodCommonitems1Overlapstrengthofgeosynthetics%³300Measurewithasteelrule2Contentoforganicsubstanceinsoilandsand%£5Roasting3Flatnessoflayer’ssurfacemm£20Measurewitha2mguidingrule4Thicknessoflayersmm±25Waterlevel4.5FlyashFoundation4.5.1Beforetheconstruction,inspectionshallbecarriedoutforflyash,thefoundationtrench’sbottomcleaning-upcondition,andgeologicalcondition.4.5.2Inthecourseofconstruction,inspectthelayingthickness,numberofrolling,controlofwatercontent,rollingextentofoverlappingpart,compactingcoefficient,etc.4.5.3Afterthecompletionofconstruction,theflyashfoundation’sbearingcapacityshallbemeasured.4.5.4TheQualityinspectionstandardforflyashfoundationsshallcomplywithTable4.5.4.Table4.3.4QualityinspectionstandardforflyashfoundationsNameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevariationorvalueInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1CompactingcoefficientDesignrequirementsMeasureonthespot2BearingcapacityoffoundationDesignrequirementsBystipulatedmethod48 Table4.5.4(continued)NameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevariationorvalueInspectionmethodUnitValueCommonitems1Sizeofflayashparticlesmm0.001~2.000Sieving2Contentofaluminaandsilicondioxide%³70Laboratorialchemicalanalyzing3Lossonignition%£12Laboratorialsintering4Thicknessoflayersmm±50Waterlevel5Watercontent(comparedwiththeoptimizedcontent)%±20Sampleanddetermineinlaboratory4.6DynamicConsolidationFoundation4.6.1Beforetheconstruction,inspectionshallbecarriedoutforrammer’sweightandsize,meansofcontrollingthedropheight,waterdischargingfacilitiesandsoiltextureofthefoundationtobetamped.4.6.2Inthecourseofconstruction,inspectthedropheight,numberofpounding,andpoundingpositionandscope.4.6.3Afterthecompletionofconstruction,inspectthedynamicconsolidationfoundation’sstrengthandbearingcapacity.4.6.4TheQualityinspectionstandardfordynamicconsolidationfoundationsshallcomplywithTable4.6.4.Table4.6.4QualityinspectionstandardfordynamicconsolidationfoundationsNameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevariationorvalueInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1StrengthoffoundationDesignrequirementsBystipulatedmethod2BearingcapacityoffoundationDesignrequirementsBystipulatedmethodCommonitems1Dropheightmm±300Setmarksonsteelrope2Weightofhammerkg±300Weighing3PoundingnumberandsequenceDesignrequirementsCounting4Spacingofpoundingpointsmm±500Measurewithasteelrule5Poundingscope(exceedingthefoundation’sarea)mm±25Measurewithasteelrule6PoundingquenchtimeDesignrequirements4.7GroutingFoundation4.7.1Beforethebeginningofconstruction,relevanttechnicaldocuments(with48 respecttothepositionofgroutingpoints,mixingratioofgrout,technicalparametersforgrouting,inspectionrequirements,etc.)shallbeprepared.Thepropertyofthegrout’selementsshallcomplywithdesignrequirements,andthegroutingequipmentshalloperatenormally.4.7.2Inthecourseofconstruction,thegrout’smixingratioandmainspecifications,sequenceofgrouting,pressurecontrolofgroutingshallbefrequentlyregularlychecked.4.7.3Afterthecompletionofconstruction,inspectthegroutedbody’sstrength,bearingcapacity,etc.Thenumberofinspectedholesshallbeequalto2%-5%ofthetotal.Intheeventthattheunapprovedrateisbiggerorequalto20%,secondgroutingshallbecarriedout.Inspectionshallbeproceeded15days(forsandysoilorloess)or60days(forclay)afterthegrouting.4.7.4TheQualityinspectionstandardforgroutingfoundationsshallbeinlinewithTable4.7.4.Table4.7.4QualityinspectionstandardforgroutingfoundationsNameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevariationorvalueInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1InspectionofrawmaterialsinspCementDesignrequirementsInspectthecertificateofapprovalorsendthesampleforinspectionGroutingsand:particlesizeFinenessmodulusSoilandorganicsubstancecontentmm%<2.5<2.0<3LaboratorialtestGroutingclay:PlasticityindexParticlecontentSandcontentOrganicsubstancecontent%%%>14>25<5<3LaboratorialtestFlyash:FinenessLossonignitionNotbiggerthanthecement’sfinenessLaboratorialtest%<3Waterglass:modulus2.5~3.3SampleandinspectOtherchemicalgroutDesignrequirementsInspectthecertificateofapprovalorsendthesampleforinspection2StrengthofgroutedbodyDesignrequirementsSampleandinspect3BearingcapacityoffoundationDesignrequirementsBystipulatedmethodCommonitems1Weighingerrorsofgroutingmaterials%<3Sampletest2Groutingholemm±20Measurewithasteelrule3Groutingholedepthmm±100Measurethegroutingpipe’slength4Poundingquenchtime%±10Inspectthepressuremeter’sreadouts48 4.8PreloadingFoundation4.8.1Beforetheconstruction,examinationshallbemadeforprimarydata,includingmonitoringmeasuresofconstruction,subsidenceandwaterpressureofholes,andthepositionofwaterdischargingfacilities,sanddrain(includingbagsanddrain),plasticdrainagebelts.ThequalitystandardforplasticdrainagebeltsshallcomplywiththestipulationsofScheduleBhereof.4.8.2Asregardsheapingconstruction,theheapingheightandrateofsubsidenceshallbemeasured.Inthecourseofvacuumpreloadingconstruction,inspectthediaphragmseal’ssealingperformanceandthevacuummeter’sreadouts,etc.4.8.3Afterthecompletionofconstruction,inspectthepreloadingfoundation’sstrengthandotherphysicmechanicalpropertiesasrequired.Abearingcapacityinspectionmustbecarriedoutforimportantbuildingfoundations.4.8.4QualityinspectionstandardforpreloadingfoundationsandplasticdrainagebeltsshallcomplywithTable4.8.4.Table4.8.4QualityinspectionstandardsforpreloadingfoundationsandplasticdrainagebeltsNameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevariationorvalueInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1Preloading%£2Waterlevel2Consolidation(comparedwithdesignrequirements)%£2Varybasedondesignrequirements3BearingcapacityorotherperformancesDesignrequirementsBystipulatedmethodsCommonitems1Rateofsettlement(comparedwiththecontrollingvalue)%±10Waterlevel2Positionofsanddrainsorplasticdrainagebeltsmm±100Measurewithasteelrule3Insertingdepthofsanddrainsorplasticdrainagebeltsmm±200Measurewithatheodolite4Lengthofthepartreturnedwheninsertingthebeltmm£500Measurewithasteelrule5Thepartofplasticdrainagebeltsorsanddrainthatishigherthanthesandbeddingcoursemm³200Measurewithasteelrule6Thenumberofbeltsreturnedatthetimeofinserting%<5ObserveNote:Incaseofvacuumpreloading,theinspectionitemofpreloadingshallbechangedtothedecreaseofvacuumdegree.48 4.9VibrationImpactFoundation4.9.1Beforetheconstruction,inspectthevibrationimpactor’sproperty,theaccuracyofcurrentandvoltagemeters,andthepropertyoffilling.4.9.2Duringtheconstruction,thedensificationcurrent,watersupplypressureandquantity,fillingquantity,theholdingtimeofvibrationatthehole’sbottom,vibrationimpactposition,constructionparametersofvibrationimpactor(,etc.shallbeexamined,ofwhichtheconstructionparameterstobedeterminedaccordingtovibrationimpacttestsordesignrequirements.4.9.3Afterthecompletionofconstruction,inspectionofthefoundation’sstrengthandbearingcapacityshallbecarriedoutfortypicalsections.4.9.4TheQualityinspectionstandardforvibrationimpactfoundationsshallcomplywithTable4.9.4.Table4.9.4QualityinspectionstandardsforVibrationimpactfoundationsNameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevariationorvalueInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1ParticlesizeoffillingDesignrequirementsSampleandexamine2Densificationcurrent(forclay)Densificationcurrent(forsandysoilorsilt)(Theabovetwoarefor30kWvibrationimpactor)Densificationcurrent(othertypesofvibrationimpactor)AAA50~5540~55(1.5~2.0)A0ReadoutsofcurrentmeterReadoutsofcurrentmeter,whereA0representsthezero-loadvibrationcurrent)3BearingcapacityoffoundationDesignrequirementsBystipulatedmethodsCommonitems1Contentofsoilinfilling%<5Sampleandtest2Differencebetweenthevibrationimpactor’swaterspraycenterandthehole’scentermm£50Measurewithasteelrule3Differencebetweenthecenteroffinishedholeandthatofdesignholemm£100Measurewithasteelrule4Diameterofpilemm<50Measurewithasteelrule5Depthofholemm±200Measurethedrillrodormeasurewithaballbreaker4.10JetGroutingFoundation4.10.1Beforetheconstruction,inspectthequalityofcementandaddition,positionofpiles,theaccuracyandsensitivityofpressureandflowmeters,andtheperformanceofhigh-pressurejetequipment,etc.48 4.10.2Inthecourseofconstruction,theconstructionparameters(includingpressure,groutquantity,liftingspeed,rotationspeed)andprocedure.4.10.3Afterthecompletionofconstruction,thestrength,averagediameter,centerposition,qualityandbearingcapacity,etcofpilesshallbeexamined.Inspectionsofpilequalityandbearingcapacityshallbeproceeded28daysafterthecompletion.4.10.4TheQualityinspectionstandardforjetgroutingfoundationsshallcomplywithTable4.10.4.Table4.10.4QualityinspectionstandardforjetgroutingfoundationsNameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevariationorvalueInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1QualityofcementandadditionInlinewithex-factoryrequirementsCheckthecertificateofapprovalorsampleforinspection2CementconsumptionDesignrequirementsExamineflowmeterandobservethewater-cementratio3PilestrengthandintegrityinspectionDesignrequirementsBystipulatedmethods4BearingcapacityoffoundationDesignrequirementsBystipulatedmethodsCommonitems1Positionofholesmm£50Measurewithasteelrule2Verticalityofholes%£1.5Measurethedrillrodwithatheodolite,ormeasurethehole3Depthofholesmm±200Measurewithasteelrule4GroutingpressureRefertosetparametersExaminethepressuremeter5Overlapofpilesmm>200Measurewithasteelrule6Diameterofpilesmm£50Measurewithasteelruleafterdigging7Permissiblevariationforthecenterofpiles£0.2DAfterdigging,measurewithasteelrule500mmunderthepile’stopsurface,whereDisthepile’sdiameter4.11Soil-cementMixedPileFoundation4.11.1Beforethebeginningofconstruction,examinethequalityofcementandaddition,positionofpiles,workingperformanceofmixmachines,andthegoodconditionofvariousinspectionandmeasurementequipment(mainly,thegroutflowmeterandotherinspectionapparatus).4.11.2Inthecourseofconstruction,examinetheheadpiece’sliftingspeed,theinjectionquantityofgroutorcement,andthelengthandelevationofmixingcolumns.48 4.11.3Afterthecompletionofconstruction,thestrengthanddiameterofpilesandthefoundation’sbearingcapacityshallbeexamined.4.11.4Whenperformingtheexaminationabove,90daysfromthecompletionisneededforbearingsoil-cementmixedpilesand28daystherefromisneededforsupportingsoil-cementmixedpiles.4.11.5Thequalityinspectionstandardforsoil-cementmixedpilefoundationsshallcomplywithTable4.11.5.Table4.11.5Qualityinspectionstandardforsoil-cementmixedpilefoundationsNameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevariationorvalueInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1QualityofcementandadditionDesignrequirementsCheckthecertificateofapprovalorsampleforinspection2CementconsumptionParametersandspecificationsExamineflowmeter3PilestrengthDesignrequirementsBystipulatedmethods4BearingcapacityoffoundationDesignrequirementsBystipulatedmethodsCommonitems1Liftingspeedofheadpiecem/min£0.5Measuretheheadpiece’srisingdistanceandtime2Elevationofpiletoemm+100-50Waterlevel(theupperpart500mmnotcounted)3Elevationofpiletopmm±200Measurewithasteelrule4Differenceofpilepositionmm<50Measurewithasteelrule5Diameterofpile<0.04DMeasurewithasteelrule,andDrepresentsthediameter6Verticalityofpile%£1.5Measurewithatheodolite7Overlapmm>200Measurewithasteelrule4.12Soil-limeCompactedColumnCompositeFoundation4.12.1Beforethebeginningofconstruction,inspectthequalityofsoilandlime,theloftingpositionofcolumnholes,etc.4.12.2Inthecourseofconstruction,thediameteranddepthofholes,numberoftamping,watercontentoffilling,etc.shallbeexamined.48 4.12.3Afterthecompletionofconstruction,thefinishedcolumn’squalityandthefoundation’sbearingcapacityshallbeexamined.4.12.4Thequalityinspectionstandardforsoil-limecompactedfoundationsshallcomplywithTable4.12.4.Table4.12.4Qualityinspectionstandardforsoil-limecompactedfoundationsNameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevariationorvalueInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1Drydensityofthepilebody’ssoilandinterpilesoilDesignrequirementsSampleonthespotandexmine2Pilelengthmm+500Measurethelengthofpilepipeormeasuretheholedepthwithaplumbbob3BearingcapacityoffoundationDesignrequirementsBystipulatedmethods4Pilediametermm-20MeasurewithasteelruleCommonitems1Contentoforganicsubstanceinsoil%£5Laboratorialroasting2Particlesizeoflimemm£1.5Sieving3Variationofcolumnpositionmm±200Measurewithasteelrule;Drepresentsthediameter4Verticality%£1.5Examinethepilepipewithatheodolite5Pilediametermm-20MeasurewithasteelruleNote:Negativevalueofthepilediameter’spermissiblevariationisforspecificsections.4.13CementFlyashGravelPileCompositeFoundation4.13.1Rawmaterialsincludingcement,flyash,sandandgravelshallmeetthedesignrequirements.4.13.2Inthecourseofconstruction,themixingratioandslumpconstantofthemixtureforpilebody,elevationspeedofdrillrod(ortheelevationspeedofadaptingpipe),depthoffinishedholes,infusionquantityofmixture,etc.,shallbeexamined.4.13.3Afterthecompletionofconstruction,examinationshallbemadeforelevationheightofpiletop,positionofpile,qualityofpilebody,foundation’sbearingcapacity,andqualityofmattresslayers.4.13.4ThequalityinspectionstandardforcementflyashgravelpilecompositefoundationsshallcomplywithTable4.13.4.48 Table4.13.4QualityinspectionstandardforcementflyashgravelpilefoundationsNameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevariationorvalueInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1RawmaterialsDesignrequirementsCheckthecertificatesofapproval,orsampleforinspection2Pilediametermm-20Measurewithasteelrule,orcalculatebasedonthefillingquantity3StrengthofpileDesignrequirementsExamineasampleblock’sstrength28dayslater4BearingcapacityoffoundationDesignrequirementsBystipulatedmethodCommonitems1IntegrityofthepilebodyRefertotechnicalspecificationsforinspectionofpilefoundationRefertotechnicalspecificationsforinspectionofpilefoundation2VariationofpilepositionRaftfoundation£0.40DStripfoundation£0.25DMeasurewithasteelrule;Drepresentsthediameterofpile3Verticalityofpile%£1.5Examinethepilepipewithatheodolite4Pilelengthmm+100Measurethelengthofpilepipeormeasuretheholedepthwithaplumbbob5Compactionofthemattresslayer£0.9MeasurewithasteelruleNote:1.Compactionreferstotherateofthecompactedmattresslayer’sthicknesstothatofvirtualbody.2.Negativevalueofthepilediameter’spermissiblevariationisforspecificsections.4.14TampingSoil-cementPileCompositeFoundation4.14.1Thequalityofcementandtampingsoilshallcomplywiththedesignrequirements.4.14.2Inthecourseofconstruction,theposition,depthanddiameterofholes,mixingratioofcementandsoil,watercontentofmixture,etc.shallbeexamined.4.14.3Afterthecompletionofconstruction,inspectthequalityofpilebody,thecompositefoundation’sbearingcapacityand,intheeventofamattresslayer,measureitscompaction.4.14.4Thequalityinspectionstandardfortampingsoil-cementcompositepilefoundationsshallcomplywithTable4.14.1.4.14.5ThequalityinspectionstandardfortampingexpansionpilesmaybeexecutedincomparisonwiththisSection.48 Table4.14.4Qualityinspectionstandardfortampingsoil-cementpilefoundationsNameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevariationorvalueInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1Pilediametermm-20Measurewithasteelrule2Pilelengthmm+500Measurethelengthofpileholes3DrydensityofthepilebodyDesignrequirementsSampleonthespotandexamineit4BearingcapacityoffoundationDesignrequirementsBystipulatedmethodsCommonitems1Contentoforganicsubstanceinsoil%£5Roasting2Watercontent(comparedwiththeoptimizedwaterpercentage)%±2Drying3Particlesizeofsoilmm£20Sieving4CementqualityDesignrequirementsCheckthecertificatesofapproval,orsampleforinspection5DifferenceofpilepositionRaftfoundation£0.40DStripfoundation£0.25DMeasurewithasteelrule;Drepresentsthediameterofpile6Verticalityofpileholes%£1.5Measurethepilepipewithatheodolite7Compactionofthemattresslayer£0.9MeasurewithasteelruleNote:refertoTable4.13.44.15SandPileFoundation4.15.1Beforethebeginningofconstruction,thecontentofsoilandorganicsubstanceinthesandmaterial,positionofspecimenpiles,etc.shallbeexamined.4.15.2Inthecourseofconstruction,inspecttheposition,sandinfusion,elevation,verticality,etc.ofeverysandpile.4.15.3Afterthecompletionofconstruction,theconsolidatedfoundation’sstrengthorbearingcapacityshallbeexamined.4.15.4ThequalityinspectionstandardforsandpilefoundationsshallcomplywithTable4.15.4.48 Table4.15.4QualityinspectionstandardforsandpilefoundationsNameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevariationorvalueInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1Sandinfusion%³95Actualsandconsumption/volumecalculation2FoundationstrengthDesignrequirementsBystipulatedmethod3BearingcapacityoffoundationDesignrequirementsBystipulatedmethodCommonitems1Contentofsoilinsandmaterial%£3Laboratorialtest2Contentoforganicsubstanceinsandmaterial%£5Roasting3Pilepositionmm£50Measurewithasteelrule4Elevationofsandpiles%±150Waterlevel5Verticalitymm£1.5Measurethepipepipe’sverticalitywithatheodolite48 5PileFoundation5.1GeneralTerms5.1.1Thepermissiblevariationfortheloftingofpilepositionaregivenasfollows:Groupedpiles20mm;Single-rowpiles10mm.5.1.2Acceptanceofpilingofpilefoundations,unlessotherwisestipulated,shallbeproceededinaccordancewiththefollowingrequirements:1.Whenthepiletop’sdesignelevationissamewiththeconstructionsite’selevation,orafterthecompletionofpilingconstructiontheexaminationofpilepositionisalsofeasible,theacceptanceofpilingengineeringshallbeproceededafterthecompletionofengineering.2.Intheeventthatthepiletop’sdesignelevationislowerthantheconstructionsite’selevationwhichrenderstheexaminationafterthecompletionofpilingimpossible,amiddle-wayacceptanceshallbecarriedoutforeachpilewhenthepileisdrivendowntotheconstructionsite’selevation.Performthefinalacceptanceuntilthecompletionofthewholepilingjobandthediggingofpilecaporbaseslabreachesthedesignelevation.Asregardsdrivencast-in-placepiles,amiddle-wayacceptancemaybecarriedoutattheprotectivebarrel.5.1.3Thevariationofpositionfordriven(pressed)piles(prefabricatedconcretesquarepile,pre-tensionedpre-stressingtubepile,andsteelpile)mustcomplywithTable5.1.3.Thevariationoftheinclinationofbatterpilesmustnotexceed15%ofthetangentvalueoftheangleofinclination,whichreferstotheincludedanglebetweenthelongitudinalcenterlineofpilesandtheplumbingline).Table5.1.3Permissiblevariationforthepositionofprefabricated(steel)pilesNo.ItemsPermissiblevariation1Forthepilecoveredwithfoundationbeam:(1)thecenterlinethatisverticaltothefoundationbeam(2)thecenterlinethatparallelwiththefoundationbeam100+0.01H150+0.01H2Pileofthefoundationcontainingof1-3pile(s)1003Pileofthefoundationcontaining4-16piles1/2ofthepile’sdiameterorsidelength4Pileofthefoundationwithmorethan16piles:(1)themostoutsidepile(2)inthemiddle1/3ofthepile’sdiameterorsidelength1/2ofthepile’sdiameterorsidelengthNote:Hrepresentsthedistancebetweentheconstructionsite’sgroundelevationandthepiletop’sdesignelevation.48 5.1.4Thevariationofthepositionofdrivencast-in-placepilesmustcomplywiththeparameterssetforthinTable5.1.4.Thetopelevationofsuchpilesmustatleastbe0.5mabovethedesignelevation.Asregardsthequalityofpiletoeholeclearance,requirementsvarybasedonpileformingprocesses,andshallrefertothedetailsofeachsectionunderthischapter.Onesetoftestpiecemustbepreparedeverycastingof50m3andforthepileoflessthan50m3everypilemusthaveonesetoftestpiece.Table5.1.4Permissiblevariationfortheplaneposition&verticalityofcast-in-placepilesNo.MethodofformingholesPermissiblevariationofpilediameter(mm)Permissiblevariationofverticality(%)Permissiblevariationofpileposition(mm)Borderpilesofagroupedpilesfoundation,andthoseofasingle-rowfoundationcontaining1~3pile(s)thatareverticaltothecenterlineIntermediatepilesofagroupedpilesfoundationand,thoseofastripfoundationcontainingthatareverticaltothecenterline1MudencasingPileD£1000mm±50<1D/6,andnotexceed100D/4,andnotexceed150D>1000mm±50100+0.01H150+0.01H2SleeveporeformingpileD£1500mm-20<170150D>500mm1001503Dryporeformingpile-20<1701504ManualdiggingpileConcreteencasing±50<0.520150Concreteencasing±50<1100200Note:1.Negativevalueofthepermissiblevariationofpilediameterreferstospecificsections.2.Asregardsthepilethatadoptsthemethodofrepeateddrivingorreverseinsertion,thepermissiblevariationofitspile’sdiameterisnotsubjecttothistable.3.Hrepresentsthedistancebetweentheconstructionsite’sgroundelevationandthepilehead’sdesignelevation,andDisthedesignpilediameter.5.1.5Engineeringpilesshallbeinspectedagainstthebearingcapacity.Asforthecast-in-placepileofthefoundationthathasanA-gradefoundationdesignorthepilewithalowerreliabilityduetocomplexgeologicalconditions,theinspectionmethodofstaticloadshouldbeadoptedforatleast1%ofthetotalpiles.Inanycase,thenumberofpilesunderinspectionshallnotbelessthanthreeand,however,whenthenumberoftotalpilesisbelow50m,thenumbershallnotbelessthan2.5.1.6Inspectionshallbecarriedoutagainstthequalityofpilebody.Asforthecast-in-placepileofthefoundationthathasanA-gradefoundationdesignorthepile48 withalowerreliabilityduetocomplexgeologicalconditions,thenumberofsampleinspectionshallnotbelessthan30%ofthetotalpilesand,inanycase,shallnotbelessthan20.Theminimumnumberofsampleinspectionforotherpilefoundationsshallbe20%ofthetotaland,inanycase,shallbe10.Asforconcreteprefabricatedpilesandthecast-in-placepilewhichisabovewatertableandpassedexaminationafterthecompletionofhole,thenumberofinspectionshallnotbelessthan10%ofthetotalpilesand,inanycase,notlessthan10.Inaddition,thenumberofpilesunderthepilecapofeachcolumnmustnotbelessthan1.5.1.7Thequalityandinspectionitems,batchquantityandmethodsforsand,sandstone,steelmaterial,cementandotherrawmaterialshallbeinlinewiththenationalstandardsthatarecurrentlyinforceandeffective.5.1.8Withtheexceptionofthemaincontrolitemssetforthinthe5.1.5and5.1.6sub-clausesofthisCode,theothersshallbeinspected.Forcommonitems,unlessotherwiseexpresslystipulated,20%ofthetotalisapplicableforthem.However,cast-in-placeconcretepilesshallbeinspectedagainstal.5.2StaticForcePressing-inPiles5.2.1Staticforcepilesincludeanchorrodstaticforcepressing-inpileandothernon-impactsinkingpiles.5.2.2Beforethebeginningofconstruction,finishedpiles(finishedanchorrodstaticforcepressing-inpilesareusuallyfabricatedinfactoriesandtransportedtothesiteforstockpiling)shallbeinspectedagainsttheappearanceandstrength.Weldingrodsorsemi-finishedsulfuriccementforjoiningthepilesshallbedeliveredwiththecertificateofapproval,orshallbesenttorelevantdepartmentsforinspection.Pressuremetersusedinpressingpilesandthespecificationandqualityofanchorrodsshallalsobeexamined.Every100kgofsemi-finishedsulfuriccementshallbeusedforonesetoftestpiece(threepiecesintotal).5.2.3Inthecourseofpressinginpiles,thepressure,verticalityofpile,quenchtimeforjoiningpiles,joiningqualityofpilesandthedepthofpressing-inshallbeinspected.Adestructiveinspectionshallbecarriedoutforweldjointsofpilesinsignificantworks.Moreandfrequentobservationshallbegiventothestructurebearingcounterforce.5.2.4Afterthecompletionofconstruction,pileshallbeexaminedagainstthebearingcapacityandqualityofthepilebody.5.2.5Thequalityinspectionstandardforanchorrodstaticforcepressing-inpilesshallcomplywithTable5.2.5.48 Table5.2.5Qualityinspectionstandardforanchorrodstaticforcepressing-inpilesNameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevariationorvalueInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1QualityinspectionofpilebodyAsperinspectiontechnicalspecificationsforfoundationpilesAsperinspectiontechnicalspecificationsforfoundationpiles2VariationofpilepositionRefertoTable5.1.3ofthisCodeMeasurewithasteelrule3BearingcapacityAsperinspectiontechnicalspecificationsforfoundationpilesAsperinspectiontechnicalspecificationsforfoundationpilesCommonitems1Qualityoffinishedpiles:AppearanceDimensionStrengthFlatsurface,uniformcolor,depthoflostcorner<10mm,andhoneycombarealessthan0.5%ofthetotal.RefertoTable5.4.5MeetdesignrequirementObserveRefertoTable5.4.5Examinethecertificateofapprovalorpressuretestbydrilling2Qualityofsulfuriccement(semi-finished)DesignrequirementExaminethecertificateofapprovalorsendsampleforinspection3JoiningofpilesWelding:JointqualityQuenchtimeafterweldingRefertoTable5.5.4-2RefertoTable5.5.4-2min>1.0MeasurewithastopwatchSulfuriccement:PouringtimeQuenchtimeafterpouringminmin<2>7MeasurewithastopwatchMeasurewithastopwatch4QualityofweldingrodsDesignrequirementExaminethecertificateofapproval5Pressingpressure(ifrequiredatdesign)%±5Readoutsofpressuremeter6PlanevariationbetweentheupperandlowerpilesBendingarrowheightofjointsmm<10<1/1000lMeasurewithasteelruleMeasurewithasteelrule;listhelengthoftwopiles7Pileheadelevationmm±5Waterlevel5.3Pre-tensionedPre-stressingTubePile5.3.1Beforethebeginningofconstruction,inspectthefinishedpilessenttothesite,andthequalityofweldingrodsforjoiningthepiles.5.3.2Inthecourseofconstruction,inspectthepenetrationofpiles,integrityofthepilehead,qualityofpilejoining,verticalityofthepilebody,andquenchtimeafterwelding.Adestructivetestshallbecarriedoutagainstweldjointsforsignificantworksona10%basis.5.3.3Afterthecompletionofconstruction,inspectionsshallbemadeforthebearingcapacityandqualityofthepilebody.48 5.3.4Thequalityinspectionstandardforpres-tensionedpre-stressingtubepilesshallcomplywithTable5.3.4.Table5.3.4Qualityinspectionstandardforpres-tensionedpre-stressingtubepilesNameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevariationorvalueInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1QualityinspectionofpilebodyAsperinspectiontechnicalspecificationsforfoundationpilesAsperinspectiontechnicalspecificationsforfoundationpiles2VariationofpilepositionRefertoTable5.1.3ofthisCodeMeasurewithasteelrule3BearingcapacityAsperinspectiontechnicalspecificationsforfoundationpilesAsperinspectiontechnicalspecificationsforfoundationpilesCommonitems1QualityoffinishedpilesAppearanceWithouthoneycomb,exposedribandcrack;uniformcolor;noholesonpileheadObserveDimensionWallthicknessCenterlineofpiletoeFlatnessofpileheadFlexibilityofpilebodymmmmmmmm±5±5<210<1/1000lMeasurewithasteelruleMeasurewithasteelruleMeasurewithasteelruleMeasurewithalevelbarMeasurewithasteelrule;listhelengthoftwopiles2Welding:JointqualityQuenchtimeafterweldingPlanevariationbetweentheupperandlowerpilesBendingarrowheightofjointsRefertoTable5.5.4-2RefertoTable5.5.4-2minmm>1.0<10<1/1000lMeasurewithastopwatchMeasurewithasteelruleMeasurewithasteelrule;listhelengthoftwopiles3StandardforstoppingrammingDesignrequirementExamineonthespotorthepilesinkingrecord4Pileheadelevationmm±50Waterlevel5.4PrecastConcretePile5.4.1Ifthepileisprecastinthesite,therawmaterial,reinforcedcage(seeTable5.4.1),andstrengthofconcreteshallbeexamined.Whenusingmanufacturedpiles,inspectionshallbemadeagainstappearanceanddimensionofthepilessenttothesite.5.4.2Inthecourseofconstruction,inspectthepilebody’sverticality,pilesinkingcondition,integrityofthepilehead,qualityofpilejoining,etc.Adestructivetestshallbecarriedoutagainstweldjointsforsignificantworksona10%basis.5.4.3Afterthecompletionofconstruction,inspectionsshallbemadeforthebearingcapacityandqualityofthepilebody.5.4.4Asregardslongpilesorthe500-blowcountpiles,rammingcanbecarriedout48 onlyiftheymeetboththepilebodystrengthandageof28daysrequirements.5.4.5ThequalityinspectionstandardforprecastconcretepilesshallbeinlinewithTable5.4.5.Table5.4.1QualityinspectionstandardforreinforcedcageofprecastpilesNameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissibleValueorvariationInspectionmethodMaincontrolitems1Distancebetweenmainribandpilehead±5Measurewithasteelrule2Positionofanchoringreinforcedbarofmulti-sectionpile5Measurewithasteelrule3Embeddedironpieceofmulti-sectionpile±3Measurewithasteelrule4Thicknessofprotectivelayerofmainrib±5MeasurewithasteelruleCommonitems1Spacingbetweenmainribs±5Measurewithasteelrule2Centerlineofpiletoe10Measurewithasteelrule3Hoopingspacing±20Measurewithasteelrule4Reinforcementmatonpilehead±10Measurewithasteelrule5Lengthofanchoringreinforcedbarofmulti-sectionpile±10MeasurewithasteelruleTable5.4.5QualityinspectionstandardforprecastconcretepilesNameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevalueorvariationInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1QualityinspectionofpilebodyAsperinspectiontechnicalspecificationsforfoundationpilesAsperinspectiontechnicalspecificationsforfoundationpiles2VariationofpilepositionRefertoTable5.1.3ofthisCodeMeasurewithasteelrule3BearingcapacityAsperinspectiontechnicalspecificationsforfoundationpilesAsperinspectiontechnicalspecificationsforfoundationpilesCommonitems1Sand,stone,cement,steelmaterial(siteprecasting)MeetdesignrequirementsExamineex-factorywarrantydocumentsorsendsampleforinspection2Mixingratioandstrengthofconcrete(siteprecasting)MeetdesignrequirementsExaminetheweighingandtestblockrecords3AppearanceoffinishedpilesFlatsurface,uniformcolor,depthoflostcorner<10mm,andhoneycombarealessthan0.5%ofthetotal.Observe4Crackoffinishedpiles(shrinkagecrackorcrackincurredinlifting,shipmentorlaydown)Depth<20mm,width<0.25mm,andhorizontalcracknotexceed1/2ofthesidelengthMeasurewithacrackmeter.Thisitemisnotapplicabletotheregionwithcorrosiveundergroundwaterandlongpilesneedstheblowcountofover500.48 Table5.4.5(Continued)NameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevalueorvariationInspectionmethodUnitValueCommonitems5Dimensionoffinishedpile:SidelengthofcrosssectionDifferenceofdiagonalofpileheadCenterlineofdiagonalBendingarrowheightofpilebodyFlatnessofpileheadmmmmmmmm±5<10<10<1/1000l<2MeasurewithasteelruleMeasurewithasteelruleMeasurewithasteelruleMeasurewithalevelbarMeasurewithalevelbar6Welding:JointqualityQuenchtimeafterweldingPlanevariationbetweentheupperandlowerpilesBendingarrowheightofjointsRefertoTable5.5.4-2RefertoTable5.5.4-2MeasurewithastopwatchMeasurewithasteelruleMeasurewithasteelrule;listhelengthoftwopilesminmm>1.0<10<1/1000l7Sulfuriccement:PouringtimeQuenchtimeafterpouringminmin<2>7MeasurewithastopwatchMeasurewithastopwatch8Pileheadelevationmm±5Waterlevel9StandardforstoppingrammingDesignrequirementExamineonthespotorthepilesinkingrecord5.5SteelPile5.5.1Beforethebeginningofconstruction,thefinishedsteelpilessendtothesiteshallbeexamined.ThequalitystandardforsuchpilesshallcomplywiththeparametersofTable5.5.4-1.5.5.2Inthecourseofconstruction,inspectionshallbecarriedoutfortheverticalityofsteelpiles,pilesinkingprocess,weldjoiningquality,quenchtimeafterwelding,integrityofpilehead,etc.Inadditiontonormalexaminationofweldingquality,adestructivetestshallbeaddedforweldjointsona10%basis.5.5.3Abearingcapacityinspectionshallbemadeafterthecompletionofconstruction.5.5.4ThequalityinspectionstandardforsteelpilesshallcomplywithTable5.5.4-1andTable5.5.4-2.Table5.5.4-1QualityinspectionstandardforfinishedsteelpilesNameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevalueorvariationInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1Outsidediameterorsizeofsection:PileendPilebody±0.5%D±1DMeasurewithasteelrule;Drepresentstheoutsidediameterorsidelength2Bowedheight<1/1000lMeasurewithasteelrule;listhepilelength48 Table5.5.4-1(continued)NameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevalueorvariationInspectionmethodUnitValueCommonitems1Lengthmm+10Measurewithasteelrule2Flatnessofendmm£2Measurewithalevelbar3SquarenessofH-typesteelpilesh>300h<300mmT+T´£8T+T´£6Measurewithasteelrule.Seeh,T,andT´asshowninFigure.4Inclinationbetweentheend’splaneandthepile’scenterlinemm£2MeasurewithalevelbarTable5.5.4-2QualityinspectionstandardforsteelpilesNameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevalueorvariationInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1VariationofpilepositionRefertoTable5.1.3ofthisCodeMeasurewithasteelrule2BearingcapacityAsperinspectiontechnicalspecificationsforfoundationpilesAsperinspectiontechnicalspecificationsforfoundationpilesCommonitems1Jointsofweldedpiles:(1)staggerjointbetweentheupperandlowerends(outsidediameter³700mm)(outsidediameter<700mm)(2)lockseamofjoints(3)heightofreinforcedlayerofjoints(4)widthofreinforcedlayerofjoints(5)appearanceofjoints(6)jointNDTinspectionmmmmmmmmmm£3£2£0.522MeasurewithasteelruleMeasurewithasteelruleMeasurewithjointinspectorMeasurewithjointinspectorMeasurewithjointinspectorWithoutairhole,weldingbeadingandcrackObserveMeetdesignrequirementAsperdesignrequirement2Quenchtimeafterweldingmin>1.0Measurewithastopwatch3Bendingbowedheightofjoints<1/1000lMeasurewithasteelrule;listhelengthoftwopiles4Elevationofpileheadmin±50Waterlevel5StandardforstoppingrammingDesignrequirementMeasurewithasteelruleorseepilesinkingrecord48 5.6Cast-in-placeConcretePile5.6.1Beforethebeginningofconstruction,rawmaterialshallbeexamined,includingcement,sandstone(ifmixedinthesite),steelmaterial.Inaddition,theinspectionshallbemadefortheconstructionproceduredefinedintheorganizationanddesigndocumentsforconstructionandmeansofmonitoring(includinginstrumentandmethods).5.6.2Duringtheconstruction,awhole-courseinspectionshallbeproceededagainstthepore-forming,slagcleaning,placementofreinforcingcage,castingofconcrete,etc.Formanuallydugpiles,anadditionretestingofthesoil(petrological)textureoftheholebottom’sbearingstratumshallbecarriedout.Asforrock-insertedpiles,reportsonthepetrologicaltextureofthebearingstratummustbeprepared.5.6.3Afterthecompletionofconstruction,theconcrete’sstrengthshallbeexamined,sodoesthepilebody’squalityandbearingcapacity.5.6.4Thequalityinspectionstandardforcast-in-placeconcretepilesshallcomplywithTable5.6.4-1andTable5.6.4-2.Table5.6.4-1Qualityinspectionstandardforreinforcedcageofcast-in-placepiles(mm)NameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissibleValueorvariationInspectionmethodMaincontrolitems1Mainribspacing±10Measurewithasteelrule2Length±100MeasurewithasteelruleCommonitems1Inspectionofreinforcedbar’stextureDesignrequirementSendasampleforinspection2Hoopingspacing±20Measurewithasteelrule3Diameter±10MeasurewithasteelruleTable5.6.4-2Qualityinspectionstandardforcast-in-placeconcretepilesNameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevalueorvariationInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1PilepositionRefertoTable5.1.4ofthisCodeMeasuretheprotectivebarrelbeforediggingthefoundationpit2Holedepthmm+300Deeperpreferred,measurewithaballbreakerormeasurethedrillrodorlengthofsleeve.Rock-insertedpilesshallmeettherockinsertiondepthindesignrequirements48 Table5.6.4-2(continued)NameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevalueorvariationInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems3QualityinspectionofthepilebodyAsperinspectiontechnicalspecificationsforfoundationpiles.Considerthesamplingbydrilling,thedrillbitshallreach50cmunderthepiletoeforlargediameterrock-insertedpiles.Asperinspectiontechnicalspecificationsforfoundationpiles4ConcretestrengthDesignrequirementExaminethetestpiecereportorsendadrill-outsampletoinspect5BearingcapacityAsperinspectiontechnicalspecificationsforfoundationpilesAsperinspectiontechnicalspecificationsforfoundationpilesCommonitems21VerticalitySeeTable5.1.4ofthisCodeMeasurethesleeveordrillrod,ordetectwithanultrasonicwaveinstrument.Incaseofdryconstruction,useaplumbbob2PilediameterSeeTable5.1.4ofthisCodeMeasurewithacalipergaugeordetectwithanultrasonicwavemeter.Incaseofdryconstruction,useasteelrule.Formanuallydugpiles,thethicknessofinnerliningnotincluded.3Specificgravityofmud(inclayorsandysoil)1.15~1.20Measurewithagravimeter.Sampleattheposition50cmabovetheholebottomafterholeclearance.4Elevationofmud(higherthanthelevelofundergroundwater)m0.5~1.0Observe5Thicknessofbottomsettlings:End-bearingpileFrictionpilemmmm£50£150Measurewithabottomsettlingmeterorballbreaker6Slumpofconcrete:CastunderwaterDrycastingmmmm160~22070~100Withaslumpmeter7Installationdepthofreinforcedcagemm±100Measurewithasteelrule8Fillingcoefficientofconcrete>1Examinetheactualcastingquantityofeachpile9Elevationofpileheadmm+30-50Waterlevel.Thelaitancelayerabovepileheadandthepoorqualitypartofthepilebodyshallbeexcluded.5.6.5Qualityinspectionformanuallydugandrock-insertedpilesshallbeperformedinaccordancewiththissection.48 6Earthwork6.1GeneralTerms6.1.1Aseriesofpreparations,includingthecalculationforthebalanceofexcavationandfilling,integratedconsiderationsintermsoftheshortest,reasonablerouteoftransportingearth,andreasonableconstructionprocedureofvariousworks,shallbemadepriortothebeginningofearthworkinordertomaintainabalancedallocationanddistributionofearthandreducerepeatedexcavationandtransportation.Thebalanceddistributionofearthshallasmuchaspossiblecombinewithurbanplanningandirrigationworksoffarmland,andthentransporttheremainingearthtothedesignatedwastesoilsiteforthepurposeofcivilizedconstruction.6.1.2Whentheexcavationofearthworkreachadeeperposition,theconstructionunitshalltakemeasurestopreventthesurroundenvironmentfrombeingendangeredbytheblowupofthefoundationbit’sbottomearth.6.1.3Beforethebeginningofexcavation,groundwaterdischargingandloweringofundergroundwatershallbemade.6.1.4Thesurfacedegreeofslopeofflatareashallcomplywiththedesignrequirementand,incaseofnosucharequirement,thedegreeofslopalongthedirectionofdrainageditchesshallnotbesmallerthan2‰.Afterflatting,thearea’ssurfaceshallbeinspectedfrompointtopoint.Forevery100~400m2,thereshallbeonepoint,butinanycasethereshallnotbelessthan10pointsinthewholearea.Asregardsthelength,widthandsideslope,onepointshallbesetevery20m.Eachsideshallatleasthaveonemeasurementpoint.6.1.5Frequentandregularmeasurementandcalibrationoftheplanimetricposition,horizontalelevationanddegreeofsideslopeshallbecarriedoutinthecourseofconstruction.Protectivemeasuresshallbecarriedoutforhorizontalcontrolpilesandbenchmarkcontrolpoints,togetherwithregularretestandre-examination.6.1.6Constructioninrainyseasonorwintershallalsoabidebyrelevantnationalstandardsthatarecurrentlyinforceandeffective.6.2ExcavationofEarthwork6.2.1Beforetheexcavation,inspectthealignment,anddrainageandundergroundwaterloweringsystems,andreasonablyarrangefortherouteofearthvehiclesandearthlay-downarea.6.2.2Inthecourseofexcavation,examineplanimetricposition,horizontalelevation,degreeofsideslope,compaction,drainage,andundergroundwaterloweringsystemsshallbeexamined,andkeepaneyeonthechangeofsurroundingenvironmentconditions.6.2.3ThevaluewithrespectofthesideslopeoftemporaryexcavationshallcomplywithTable6.2.3.48 Table6.2.3SideslopevalueoftemporaryexcavationClassificationofsoilSideslopevalue(height:width)Sandysoil(finesandandsiltnotincluded)1:1.25~1:1.50CommonclayHard1:0.75~1:1.00Hardandplastic1:1.00~1:1.25Soft1:1.50orsofterSoilcontaininggravelRigidlyfilled,hardplasticclay1:0.50~1:1.00Filledsandysoil1:1.00~1:1.50Note:1.Upondesignrequirements,abidebytherequirements.2.Ifadoptingwaterloweringorotherreinforcingmeasures,themeasuremaynotbelimitedtothistable,butcalculationandcheckareneeded.3.Excavationdepthshallnotexceed4mforsoftsoiland8mforhardsoil.6.2.4ThequalityinspectionstandardfortheexcavationofearthworkshallcomplywithTable6.2.4.Table6.2.4Qualityinspectionstandardfortheexcavationofearthwork(mm)NameNo.ItemsPermissiblevalueorvariationInspectionmethodColumnfootingFoundationbitFoundationtrenchGradingofareaPipeductGround(road)baseManualMachineMaincontrolitems1Elevation-50±30±50-50-50Waterlevel2Lengthandwidth(extendfromthecenterline)+200-50+300-100+500-150+100-Theodolite,andmeasurewithasteelrule3SideslopeDesignrequirementsObserveorexaminethroughagraderodCommonitems1Flatnessofsurface2020502020Inspectwitha2mguidingruleorwedge-shapedfeelergauge2SoilcharacteristicsofthefoundationbaseDesignrequirementsObserveoranalyzesoilsampleNote:Thevariationparametersforground(road)baseareonlyapplicabletothebaseoftheground(road)thatisdirectlyproducedabovetheexcavationorfillingearth.48 6.3BackfillingofEarth6.3.1Beforethebackfillingofearth,rubbish,treerootsandotherraffleatthebottomoffoundationbaseshallbecleaned,accumulatedwaterandsullageinholesandpitsshallbeextractedandremoved,andsodoesthecheckandverificationofthefoundationbase’selevation.Iffillingonthefarmlandorloosesoil,compactionofthefoundationbaseshallbefirstmadebeforebackfilling.6.3.2Backfillingofthesoilcanbeproceededonlyafterthesoilpassestheacceptanceaccordingtodesignrequirements.6.3.3Inthecourseofbackfilling,itisnecessarytocheckthedrainagefacilities,fillingthicknessofeverylayer,controlofwatercontentandextentofcompaction.Thefillingthicknessandnumberofcompactingshallbedeterminedaccordingtothetextureofsoil,compactingcoefficient,andmachinesandapparatusused.Incaseofnotestingevidence,abidebytheparametersofTable6.3.3.Table6.3.3LayerthicknessandcompactingnumberforbackfillingCompactingmachine&apparatusLayerthickness(mm)Compactingnumber/layerRolling250~3006~8Vibrationcompactor250~3503~4Dieseloilenginetamper200~2503~4Handtamping<2003~46.3.4Afterthecompletionofbackfilling,inspecttheelevation,degreeofsideslope,extentofcompaction,etc.againsttheinspectionstandardthatcomplywithTable6.3.4.Table6.3.4Qualityinspectionstandardforbackfillingworks(mm)NameNo.ItemsPermissiblevalueorvariationInspectionmethodColumnfootingFoundationbitFoundationtrenchGradingofAreaPipeductGround(road)baseManualMachineMaincontrolitems1Elevation-50±30±50-50-50Waterlevel2LayercompactionfactorDesignrequirementsPursuanttostipulatedmethodCommonitems1BackfillingsoilDesignrequirementsSampleinspectionorobserve2LayerthicknessandwatercontentDesignrequirementsWaterlevelandsampleinspection3Surfaceflatness2020302020Guidingruleorwaterlevel48 7FoundationPit7.1GeneralTerms7.1.1Duringtheexcavationoffoundationpit(trench)works,etc.,itisnotappropriateforslope-releasingexcavationonthespot.Ifitispossibletocausedamagetosurroundingbuildings(structures),undergroundpipelinesand/orpermanentroads,timberingandprotectivemeasuresmustbeadoptedforthefoundationpit(trench)andpipeductpriortotheexcavation.7.1.2Priortotheexcavationofthefoundationpit(trench)andpipeduct,thefollowingjobshallbecompleted:1.Beforeexcavatingthefoundationpit(trench)orpipeduct,theconstructionstrategy,environmentalprotectionmeasures,andmonitoringschemeshallbeformulatedinaccordancewiththeformoftimberingstructure,depthofexcavation,geologicalconditions,methodofconstruction,surroundingenvironment,constructionperiod,climate,groundload,etc.,andshallacquiretheapprovalofrelevantpartybeforeimplementation.2.Beforetheconstructionofearthwork,designschemesshallbemadeforwaterloweringanddrainagesystems.Aftersuchsystemspassedtheexaminationandareprovedtobenormalintrialrun,constructionmaybestarted.3.Qualityacceptancewithrespectoftheexterior-protectedconstructioncanbeperformedaccordingtothestipulationsofChapter4,Chapter5andthearticlesof7.2,7.3,7.4,7.6and7.7ofthisChapter.Oncetheexterior-protectedconstructionpassestheacceptance,theexcavationmaybestarted.7.1.3Thesequenceandmethodofexcavationmustbeinlinewiththedesignworkingorder,andabidebytheprincipleof“trenchingcannotproceedwithoutsupport,supportbeforeexcavation,layeredexcavation,excessiveexcavationprohibited”.7.1.4Theexcavationoffoundationpits(trenches)andpipeductsshallbeproceededinlayers.Duringtheconstruction,thestack-upearthalongthesideoffoundationpits(trenches)orpipeductsshallnotexceedthedesignload.Whenexcavating,payattentiontonottohitordamagethetimberingstructureandwaterloweringfacilities.7.1.5Inthecourseofthefoundationpit(trench)andpipeductearthwork,observationandmonitoringshallbeprovidedforthetimberingstructureandsurroundingenvironment.Intheeventofabnormalconditions,immediatehandlingshallbemadetomakethemoperatingnormallyforcontinuoususe.7.1.6Whenthefoundationpit(trench)orpipeductisexcavatedtothedesignelevation,protectionmeasuresshallbetakenforthepit’sbottom.Beddingcanbeproceedingonlyafterthetrenchpassesexamination.Asregardsasuperlargefoundationpit,itisbettertoexcavateitinsectionsandblockstothedesignelevation.48 Beddingshallbetimelycarriedoutsectionsandblocks,andifnecessary,thebedcanbereinforced.7.1.7Theacceptanceoffoundationpits(trenches)andpipeductsmustguaranteethesafetyofthetimberingstructureandsurroundingenvironmentinaccordancewithdesignspecifications.Incaseofnodesignspecifications,performtheacceptancepursuanttothestipulationsofTable7.1.7.Table7.1.7MonitoringvalueofthedeformationoffoundationpitsTypeoffoundationpitsMonitoringvalueforthewallcrestdisplacementoftheexterior-protectedconstructionMonitoringvalueforthemaximumdisplacementoftheexterior-protectedconstruction’swallbodyMonitoringvaluefortheground’smaximumsubsidenceFirst-gradepit353Second-gradepit686Third-gradepit81010Note:1.Anyofthefollowingconditionsismet,itbelongstothefirst-gradefoundation:1)Apartofsignificantworksorthetimberingstructurethatservesasmainstructure;2)Theexcavationdepthexceeds10m;3)Thefoundationpitwithitsdistancefromthesurroundingbuildingsorsignificantfacilitiesfallingwithintheexcavationdepth;4)Withinthefoundationpit’sscope,therearehistoricalrelics,excellentbuildingsofrecentperiod,majorpipelinesandotherfacilitiesthatneedcarefulprotection.2.Thethird-gradefoundationpitistheonethathasanexcavationdepthoflessthan7mandonwhichthesurroundingenvironmentdoesnotimposespecialrequirements.3.Thefoundationpitsotherthanthefirst-andthird-gradeonesfallsintothesecond-gradepits.4.Incaseofspecialrequirementsbyexistedsurroundingfacilities,theyshallalsobemet.7.2Row-pileWallTimbering7.2.1Therow-pilewalltimberingconstructionincludethetimberingstructurescomprisedofthecast-in-place,precastandsheetpiles,andothertypeofpiles.7.2.2Qualityinspectionstandardsforcast-in-placeandprecastpilesshallcomplywiththestipulationsofChapter5ofthisCode.Allsteelsheetpilesshallbemanufacturedproducts,ofwhichnewpilescanbeinspectedpursuanttoex-factorystandardsandrepeatedlyusedpilesshallcomplywiththestipulationsofTable7.2.2-1.ConcretesheetpilesshallcomplywithTable7.2.2-2.Table7.2.2-1InspectionstandardforrepeatedlyusedsteelsheetpilesNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevalueorvariationInspectionmethodUnitValue1Pileverticality%<1Measurewithasteelrule2Pilebodyflexion<2%lMeasurewithasteelrule;lrepresentsthepilelength3Smoothness&flatnessofgulletWithoutweldslagorburrUsea1mpilesectiontomakepasstest4PilelengthNotlessthanthedesignlengthMeasurewithasteelruleTable7.2.2-2Castingstandardforconcretesheetpiles48 NameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevariationorvalueInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1Pilelengthmm+100Measurewithasteelrule2Pilebodyflexion<0.1%lMeasurewithasteelrule;listhepilelengthCommonitems1Protectivelayerthicknessmm±5Measurewithasteelrule2Differencebetweenthetwooppositefacesofmodecrosssectionmm5Measurewithasteelrule3Thedisplacementofthepiletoetopileaxiallinemm10Measurewithasteelrule4Pilethicknessmm±100Measurewithasteelrule5Sizeofconcave-convexgroovemm±3Measurewithasteelrule7.2.3Asforthefoundationpitusingrow-pilewalltimbering,timelysupportmeasuresshallbetakenafterthebeginningofexcavation.Theconstructionofeverytimberingshallensurethatthedeformationofthefoundationpitfallswithinthecontrolscopeasrequiredindesigndocuments.7.2.4Reliablewatertightmeasuresshallbetakenforrow-pilewalltimberingfoundationpitsinthescopeofwaterbearingbeds,inordertoensurethesafetyinthefoundationpit"sconstructionandofthesurroundingbuildingsandstructures.7.3Soil-cementPileWallTimbering7.3.1Thesoil-cementpilewalltimberingreferstotheexterior-protectedconstructionthatiscomprisedofsoil-cementmixedpiles(includingreinforcedsoil-cementmixedpiles)orjetgroutingpiles.7.3.2Qualityinspectionstandardsforsoil-cementmixedandjetgroutingpilesshallcomplywiththestipulationsofthe4.10and4.11articlesofChapter4.7.3.3Reinforcedsoil-cementmixedpilesshallcomplywithTable7.3.3.Table7.3.3Qualityinspectionstandardforreinforcedsoil-cementpilesNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevalueorvariationInspectionmethodUnitValue1Sectionlengthmm±10Measurewithasteelrule2Sectionverticality%<1Measurewithatheodolite3Elevationofinsertedsectionmm±30Waterlevel4Pilelengthmm10Measurewithasteelrule48 7.4BoltingandSoil-nailedWallSupport7.4.1Beforetheconstructionofboltingandsoil-nailedwallsupportworks,itisnecessarytounderstandthegeologicalinformation,designdrawingsandsurroundingenvironment,andensurethatthewaterloweringsystemoperatesingoodcondition.Inaddition,necessaryequipmentusedintheconstruction,includingexcavator,driller,mud-jackingmachine,mixer,canrunnormally.7.4.2Generallyspeaking,theprincipleofexcavationandsupportinsectionsshallbeobserved,insteadofsupportafterthecompletionofthewholeexcavationearthwork.7.4.3Inthecourseofconstruction,inspectionshallbecarriedoutagainstthepositionofboltorsoilnail,diameter,depthandangledegreeofholes,inserteddepthofboltorsoilnail,mixingratioofgrout,pressure,jackingquantity,thicknessandstrengthofanchorbolt-shotcretewall,stressofboltorsoilnail,etc.7.4.4Afterthecompletionofeverysection"ssupportbody,inspectthedisplacementofslopecrestandsurface,subsidenceofthecrestofslope,andchangeinsurroundingenvironment.Incaseabnormalconditions,immediatemeasuresshallbetakentorevertthesituation.7.4.5Thequalityinspectionstandardforanchorboltingandsoil-nailwallsupportshallabidebythestipulationsofTable7.4.5.Table7.4.5Qualityinspectionstandardforanchorboltingandsoil-nailwallsupportNameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevariationorvalueInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1Lengthofanchorboltandsoilnailmm±5Measurewithasteelrule2LockingforceofanchorboltDesignrequirementsMeasureonthespotCommonitems1Positionofanchorboltorsoilnailmm±100Measurewithasteelrule2Inclinationofdrillingholes°±1Measurethedriller"sinclination3StrengthofthegroutbodyDesignrequirementsSendasampletotest4GroutingvolumeBiggerthanthegroutcalculationExaminetheinspectiondata5Thicknessofthesoil-nailedwallmm±10Measurewithasteelrule6StrengthofthewallbodyDesignrequirementsSendasampletotest7.5SteelorConcreteSupportSystem7.5.1Thesupportsystemincludeswalingandbearing,andwhenthebearingislonger(generallyspeaking,over15m)alsothecolumnsunderthebearingand48 correspondingcolumnstumps.7.5.2Itisnecessarytounderstandthedrawingsandcalculatedworkconditionsofandinconnectionwiththesupportsystem,themodeofexcavationandsupportsetting,imposedjackingforceandenvironmentalprotectionrequirements,beforethebeginningofconstruction.7.5.3Inthecourseofconstruction,theprocedureandtimeforexcavationandsupportworksshallbestrictlycontrolled,whilecarefulandthoroughexaminationsshallbecarriedoutagainstthesupportposition(includingthepositionofcolumnsandcolumnstumps),excavatingdepthofeachlayer,imposedjackingforce(whennecessary),andclosenessbetweenthesteelwalingandfenderorbearingandwaling.7.5.4Whentheset-upoftheentiresupportiscompleted,thesupportsystemshallbekeptoperatingnormallyuntiltheremoval.7.5.5ThesupportsystemtobeusedaspermanentconstructionshallalsocomplywiththestipulationsoftheCodefortheConstructionandAcceptanceofConcreteStructuresGB50204thatiscurrentlyinforceandeffective.7.5.6ThequalityinspectionstandardforsteelorconcretesupportsystemsshallcomplywiththestipulationsofTable7.5.6.Table7.5.6QualityinspectionstandardforsteelorconcretesupportNameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevariationorvalueInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1Supportposition:ElevationPlanemmmm30100WaterlevelMeasurewithasteelrule2ImposedjackingforcekN±50ReadoutsofoilpumporthroughasensorCommonitems1Walingelevationmm30Measurewithasteelrule2ColumnstumpRefertoChapter5ofthisCodeRefertoChapter5ofthisCode3Columnposition:ElevationPlanemmmm3050WaterlevelMeasurewithasteelrule4Superdeepexcavation(slotbearingnotincluded)mm<200Waterlevel5SetuptimeofsupportDesignrequirementMeasurewithatimepiece7.6UndergroundDiaphragmWall7.6.1Aundergrounddiaphragmwallshallsetupaguidewall,whichcanbeaprecastorcast-in-placeone.Thecast-in-placeguidewallcanbemadeintwoforms,namely,"L"orinverted"L"type,whichdependonthetextureofsoil.7.6.2Beforetheconstructionoftheundergrounddiaphragmwall,atestoftroughabilityshouldcarriedoutfirstinordertoinspectthemixingrationofmudandtypeoftroughmachine,andthegeotechnicalmaterialsshallbere-examined.48 7.6.3Whenservingasapermanentstructure,theundergrounddiaphragmwallshallmeet,andbeconstructedpursuantto,thepenetrationresistancestipulationsoftheCodefortheConstructionandAcceptanceofUndergroundWaterproofingWorksGB50208.7.6.4Whenselectingthejoiningformofthejointsbetweenthewall’stroughsections,theuserequirementsforthewallshallbeusedasthebasis,andshallconsidertheconstructionunit’sexperience.Whateverthechoice,thejointsmustbecleanedbeforethepouringofconcrete,andnosoil,sandordirtshallremain.7.6.5Embeddedreinforcedbarsorjoiners(intaperorstraightthread)maybeusedintheconnectionbetweentheundergrounddiaphragmwallandtheundergroundroom’sstructuraltopslab,floorslab,baseslaband/orbeam.Theinspectionandsamplere-inspectionofthejoinersshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewiththestipulationsforrawmaterial.Every500setsshallbeoneinspectionbatch,fromwhichthreepiecesshallbesampledforinspection.Re-inspectioncontentsincludetheappearance,dimensionandtensiontesting.7.6.6Priortotheconstruction,thesteelmaterialandweldingrodsenttothesiteshallbeexamined.Acompletedguidewallshallbeexaminedagainstitsclearancesize,wallflatness,andverticality.Themeterandinstrumentusedforinspectthemudandmudcirculationsystemshallbeingoodcondition.Inaddition,commercialconcreteshallbeusedfortheundergrounddiaphragmwall.7.6.7Intheprocessofconstruction,itisnecessarytoexaminetheverticalityoffinishedtrough,thicknessofsullageatthebottomofthetrough,specificgravityofmud,dimensionofreinforcedcage,positionofpouringguidepipe,liftingspeedofconcrete,elevationofpouringplane,cleannessoftheundergroundwall’sjoiningfaces,slumpofcommercialconcrete,extractingtimeandspeedoflocking-inpipeorcollarbox.7.6.8Whenthetroughiscompleted,itswidth,depthandinclinationshallbeinspected.Insignificantstructures,inspectionshallbecarriedoutonasection-to-sectionbasis.A20%ofthetotaltroughsshallbeexaminedforcommonstructures,withonefaceforeachsection.7.6.9Theundergroundwallservingaspermanentstructureshall,afterthesinkingofreinforcedcages,gothroughthesecondholecleaning.Thethicknessofsettlementshallmeettherequirement.7.6.10Onesetftestpieceshallbepreparedforevery50m3ofundergroundwall,withatleastonesetforeachtroughsection.Theexcavationofearthcanbestartedonlyafterthewall’sstrengthmeetsthedesignrequirement.7.6.11Asregardstheundergrounddiaphragmwallservingaspermanentstructure,inspectionshallbeproceededfromsectiontosectionafterthebeginningofexcavation.Inaddition,thereinforcedconcretebaseslabshallcomplywiththenationalstandardofCodefortheConstructionandAcceptanceofConcreteStructuresGB50204thatiscurrentlyinforceandeffective.7.6.12Theinspectionstandardfortheundergroundwall’sreinforcedcagesshall48 complywithTable5.6.4-1hereof,andotherstandardsshallbeinlinewithTable7.6.12.Table7.6.12QualityinspectionstandardforundergroundwallNameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevariationorvalueInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1StrengthofwallbodyDesignrequirementExaminethetestpiecerecordortakeoutacoresampleforpressuretest2Verticality:PermanentstructureMakeshiftstructure1/3001/150Sonicwavetroughmeterormonitoringsystemofthetrough-makingmachineCommonitems1SizeofguidewallWidthWallflatnessHorizontalpositionofguidewallmmmmmmW+40<5±10Measurewithasteelrule;WisthedesignthicknessofundergroundwallMeasurewithasteelruleMeasurewithasteelrule2Settlementthickness:PermanentstructureMakeshiftstructuremmmm£100£200Measurewithaballbreakerorsettlementmeter3Troughdepthmm+100Measurewithaballbreaker4Slumpofconcretemm180~220Slumpmeter5DimensionofreinforcedcageRefertoTable5.6.4-1hereofRefertoTable5.6.4-1hereof6SurfaceFlatnessofundergroundwallPermanentstructureMakeshiftstructureInsertedstructuremmmmmm<100<150<20Thisisforuniformclaylayer.Asforlooseandeasilyslumpedsoillayers,theyaredeterminedbydesignrequirements7PositionofembeddedpiecewhenservingaspermanentstructureHorizontalVerticalmmmm£10£20MeasurewithasteelruleWithwaterlevel7.7SunkWellandCaisson7.7.1Sincethesunkwellbelongstothescopeofsinkingstructures,exactandaccurategeologicalmaterialsmustbeacquiredfortheconstruction.Drillingshallbeproceededinaccordancewiththefollowingrequirements:1.Asregardsthesunkwell(caisson)withtheareaofunder200m2,oneboreholeshallbedrilled(andmaybelocatedinthecenter).2.Asregardsthesunkwell(caisson)withtheareaofover200m2,oneboreholeshallbedrilledateachofthefourcorners(ordrilledattheendsoftwoverticaldiametersofroundbody).48 1.Asforsuperlargesunkwell(caisson),moreboreholesmaybeaddedanddependonactualconditions.2.Theborehole’sbottomelevationshallbehigherthanthesunkwell’sfinalsinkingelevation.3.Oneboreholeofeachsunkwell(caisson)shallprovidethesoil’sphysicalmechanicalproperty,undergroundwaterlevelandcontentofundergroundwater.7.7.2Theconstructionofsunkwells(caissons)shallbeundertakenbyexperienced,professionalunits.7.7.3Whenfabricatingasunkwell,theadoptionofbolsterorsandbeddependsonthestructureofsunkwell,geologicalcondition,fabricationheight,etc.Whatevertheadoption,stabilitycalculationsandmeasuresforthefabricationofsunkwellshallbecompleted.7.7.4Asforasunkwell(caisson)thatisfabricatedandsunkseveraltimes,stabilityre-examinationcalculationsshallbemadeforthelowerbeddingeachtimeatthetimeoftheraisingfabrication,andmeasuresshallbetakentoensurethestabilityofthesunkwellwhileraising.7.7.5Whenthesunkwelladoptsdewateringandsub-seal,measuresshallbetakentopreventtheoccurrenceofboilingandsoilsurgingatthetimeoffinalsinking,andtoguaranteethestabilityofsunkwell.Incaseofthefailureoftheguarantee,undergroundsub-sealshallbeused.7.7.6Inadditiontothestipulationshereof,theconstructionofsunkwellshallabidebythenationalstandardsofCodefortheConstructionandAcceptanceofConcreteStructuresGB50204andCodefortheConstructionandAcceptanceofUndergroundWaterproofingWorksGB50208thatarecurrentlyinforce.7.7.7Inspectionshallbecarriedoutforreinforcedbar,weldrod,andsemi-finishedreinforcedweldingstructuresbeforetheconstructionofsunkwell(caisson).Whencommercialconcreteisnotused,thecementandaggregateinthesiteshallbeinspected.7.7.8Themouldplate’sdimension,positionofembeddedpieces,andsealingperformanceofmouldplatesshallbeexaminedpriortothepouringofconcrete.Afterthedisassemblingofmoulds,thepouringquality(appearanceandstrength)shallbeexaminedand,ifapproved,themouldcanbesunk.Floatingabilityexaminationshallalsobemadeforfloatingsunkwells.Inthecourseofsinking,processcontrolexaminationshallbeproceededforsinkingdifference.Whenthesub-sealiscompleted,inspectthebaseslab’sstructure(whetherornothavingcrack)andwatertightperformance.RelevantwaterproofingqualityacceptancestandardsshallcomplywiththestipulationsofnationalstandardofCodefortheConstructionandAcceptanceofUndergroundWaterproofingWorksGB50208thatiscurrentlyinforce.7.7.9Acceptanceafterthecompletionshallcovertheplanimetricposition,endelevation,structureintegrity,andwatertightperformanceofsunkwell(caisson).7.7.10Thequalityinspectionstandardforsunkwells(caissons)shallcomplywiththerequirementsofTable7.7.10.48 Table7.7.10Qualityinspectionstandardforsunkwells(caissons)NameNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevariationorvalueInspectionmethodUnitValueMaincontrolitems1ConcretestrengthMeetdesignrequirements(70%ofthedesignstrengthmustbereachedbeforesinking)Examinethetestpiecerecordorsendasampletoinspect2Sinkingstabilityofsunkwell(caisson)beforesub-sealmm/8h<100Waterlevel3Positionafterthesub-seal:Averageelevationoffootblade(comparedwithdesignelevation)Displacementofthefootblade’splane’scenterlineHeightdifferenceofthesubfacesofanytwoofthefourcornersmm<100<1%H<1%lWaterlevelTheodolite;Histhetotalsinkingdepth,whichmustnotexceed100mwhenH<10m.Waterlevel;listhedistancebetweentwocornersbutnotexceed300mm.Whenl<10m,thedistancemustnotexceed100mm.Commonitems1Inspectionofrawmaterials,includingsteel,jointreinforcedbar,cementandaggregate.MeetdesignrequirementsExaminethewarrantyorsendsamplestoinspect2AppearanceofthestructuralbodyWithoutcrack,airhole,pocket,andexposedribObserve3Planedimension:LengthandwidthRadiusofcurveDifferenceofdiagonalEmbeddedpiece%%%mm±0.5±0.51.020Measurewithasteelrule,withthemaximumcontrollingrangeof100mmMeasurewithasteelrule,withthemaximumcontrollingrangeof100mmMeasurewithasteelruleMeasurewithasteelrule4DifferenceinthecourseofsinkingHeight%1.5~2.0Waterlevel,notexceed1mPlaneaxialline<1.5%HTheodolite;Histhesinkingdepth,whichshallnotexceed300mm.Thisvaluedoesnotincludethemidlinedisplacementcausedbyheightdifference5Slumpofsub-sealconcretecm18~22SlumpmeterNote:Thethreevariationsunderthemaincontrolitemsmayco-exist;thetotalsinkingdepthreferstothedifferencebetweenthefootblade’sheightvaluesbeforeandafterthesinking.48 7.8WaterLoweringandDrainage7.8.1Waterloweringanddewateringservesassafetymeasuresforthepurposeofcooperatingwiththeexcavationoffoundationpits.Beforetheconstruction,waterloweringanddewateringdesignsshallbecompleted.Whenloweringwateroutsidethefoundationpit,estimatesforthescopeofloweringshallbemade.Inaddition,monitoringshallbeproceededforsignificantbuildingsorutilitiesinthecourseofwaterlowering.7.8.2Differentwaterloweringformshallbeadoptedfordifferentsoiltexture.Table7.8.2listscommonwaterloweringforms.Table7.8.2WaterloweringclassificationandapplicableconditionsConditionFormPenetrationfactor(cm/s)Waterdepthpossibletobelowed(m)LightwellpointMulti-gradelightwellpoint10-2~10-53~66~12Spraywellpoint10-3~10-68~20Electric-osmosiswellpoint<10-6BettertousetogetherwithotherformofwaterloweringDeepwellpipe³10-5>107.8.3Whentheconstructionofthewaterloweringsystemiscompleted,trialrunshallbecarriedout.Incaseofthefailureofwellpipe,immediatemeasuresmustbetakentorecoverit.Ifthewellpipebynomeanscanberecovered,thenabolishitandsetupanewone.7.8.4Duringtherunningofthewaterloweringsystem,itisnecessarytokeepaneyeonthewaterleveloftheobservationhole.7.8.5Asforopendrainageofthefoundationpit,channelsandsumpwellshallbesetup.Thelongitudinalslopeofdrainagechannelsshallbecontrolledat1‰~2‰.7.8.6ThequalityinspectionstandardfortheconstructionofwaterloweringanddrainageshallcomplywiththestipulationsofTable7.8.6.48 Table7.8.6QualityinspectionstandardforconstructionofwaterloweringanddrainageNo.InspectioncontentsPermissiblevariationorvalueInspectionmethodUnitValue1Slopedegreeofdrainageditch‰1~2Observe:noaccumulatedwaterinfoundationpits,andwaterdrainssmoothly2Verticalityofwellpipe(point)%1Observewheninsertingpipe3Spacingbetweenwellpipe(points)(comparedwithdesignvalue)%£150Measurewithasteelrule4Inserteddepthofwellpipe(point)(comparedwithdesignvalue)mm£200Waterlevel5Fillingoffilteredgranule(comparedwithcalculations)mm£5Examinetheconsumptionofbackfilling6Vacuityofwellpoint:LightpointSpraypointkPaKPa>60>93MeasurewithavacuummeterMeasurewithavacuummeter7Spaceingbetweenthecathodeandanticathodeoftheelectro-osmosiswellpoint:LightwellpointSprayingwellpointmmmm80~100120~150MeasurewithasteelruleMeasurewithasteelrule48 8QualityAcceptanceofDivisional(Sub-divisional)Work8.0.1Thequalityacceptanceofseparateanddivisional(sub-divisional)workshallbecarriedoutaftertheself-examinationbyconstructionunits,whichshall,afterthecompletionofself-examination,rendertheapplicationforacceptance,togetherwiththefollowingtechnicalrecordsanddocuments:1Certificatesofapprovalandqualityevaluationdocumentsofrawmaterial;2Certificatesofapprovalofsemi-finishedproductssuchastheprecastpile,steelpileandreinforcedcage;3Constructionrecordsandacceptancedocumentsofconcealedworks;4Test,samplingandverificationdocuments;5Otherdocumentsorrecordsnecessary.8.0.2Amidwayacceptanceshallbecarriedoutforconcealedworks.8.0.3Theacceptanceofdivisional(sub-divisional)worksshallbeorganizedbythechiefsupervisionandmanagementengineerortheproprietor’sprojectprincipal,andjointlycarriedoutbythechiefengineerortheprojectprincipal,andtheprojectandtechnologyprincipalsofthesurvey,designandconstructionunits,inaccordancewiththedesignrequirements,thisCodeandotherrelevantregulations.8.0.4Acceptanceshallbeproceededpursuanttothefollowingstipulations:1Thequalityacceptanceofseparateworksshallbecarriedoutbasedontheclassificationofthemaincontrolandcommonitems;2Asforconcealedworks,relatedpersonnel,afterbeingnoticed,shallperformtheacceptanceaftertheself-examinationofconstructionunitsbutbeforetheconcealing.Atthesametime,relevantintermediateacceptancedocumentsshallbeformulated;3Theacceptanceofdivisional(sub-divisional)workshallbecarriedoutagainstnecessarypartsonthebasisthatthecorrespondingseparateworkhaspassedtheacceptance.8.0.5Maincontrolitemsmustmeettherequirementsofacceptance.Intheeventofproblemsfound,theymustbeimmediatelysolvedandimproved.Asforcommonitems,an80%passratemustbereached.Whenthestrengthofaconcretetestpieceisevaluatedunqualified,orquestioningisarisenforthetypicalityoftestpiece,thesamplingbydrillingoutacoretestpiecemustbeadopted.Ifthetestresultsmeetdesignrequirements,itcanbeapproved.48 ScheduleAKeyPointfortheSurveyofGroundandFoundationA.1GeneralTermsA.1.1Theinspectionoffoundationsubsoilshallbecarriedoutfortheconstructionofallbuildings(structures).Shouldanyofthefollowingconditionsisencountered,specialgeologicalsurveyshallbemade.1Thegeologicalconditioniscomplexanddifficulttomakeclearatthestageofdetailedsurvey;2Inthecourseofexcavatingthefoundationpit,thesoiltextureandstructureofsoillayersarefoundnotinconformitywithsurveymaterials;3Intheprocessofconstruction,thesideslopeappearsunstable,andthecauseneedstobefoundtosolvetheproblem;4Thefoundationsoilisdisturbedandmovedintheprogress,anditsnatureandengineeringcharacterneedtobechecked;5Forthetreatmentofground,furthersurveyinformationneedstobeprovided;6Building(structures)havespecialrequirements,ornewgeotechnicalengineeringproblemsoccurredinthecourseofconstruction.A.1.2Constructionsurveyshallfocusonthegeotechnicalengineeringproblemsneededtobesolved.Asforsurveymethods,theinspectionoffoundationsubsoil,drillingforsampleandtestingintheoriginalpositionmaybechoseaccordingtospecificconditions.A.2KeyPointsforInspectionofFoundationTrenchofNaturalFoundationA.2.1Aftertheexcavationoffoundationtrench,thefollowingcontentsshallbeinspected:1Checkthefoundationpit’sposition,planimetricsize,andelevationofpitbottom;2Checkthefoundationpit’soiltextureandundergroundwatercondition;3Theposition,depthandprofileofpigeonholes,ancienttomb,ancientwell,bombshelterandundergroundembedment.A.2.2Whenobserving,aminipenetrometermaybeusedastheauxiliarymeans.A.2.3Whenencounteringanyofthefollowingconditions,anextensivelightdynamicpenetrationsoundingshallbecarriedoutatthebottomofthefoundationpit:1Obviousmisproportionofthebearingstratum;2Thesuperficialparthassoftunderlyinglayer;3Itisdifficulttoseeshallowembeddedpits,ancienttomb,ancientwell,etc;48 4.Itisstipulatedinsurveyreportsordesignrequirementsthatlightdynamicpenetrationsoundingshallbecarriedout.A.2.4Whenadoptinglightdynamicpenetrationsoundingfortheinspectionoffoundationtrench,theinspectiondepthandspacingshallabidebyTableA.2.4>TableA.2.4Inspectiondepthandspacingforlightdynamicpenetrationsounding(m)ArrangementmodeWidthoffoundationtrenchInspectiondepthInspectionspacingOnerowinthecenter<0.81.21.0~1.5m,dependingonthecomplexityofstratumTwostaggeredrows0.8~2.01.5Plumblossom-type>2.02.1A.2.5Whenencounteringanyofthefollowingconditions,lightdynamicpenetrationsoundingmaynotbecarriedout:1Thereexistsbearingwaterstratumunderthefoundationpitthatwillemitwaterorsandatthetimeofpenetrationsounding;2Thebearingstratumconsistsofgravelorpebble,withthethicknessmeetingdesignrequirements.A.2.6Recordsorinspectionreportsshallbemadefortheinspectionoffoundationtrench.A.3KeyPointsofSurveyfortheConstructionofDeepFoundationA.3.1Ifthesoil-inserteddepthoftheprecastdrivenpile,staticforcepileorhammingsinkingpipecast-in-placepileisnotinconformitywithsurveymaterials,orquestioningisarisenfortheunderlyinglayerunderthepileend,inspectthestandardpenetrationblowcountandgeotechnicalengineeringpropertywithinthescopeofmainbearingstrataunderthepileend.A.3.2Intheeventthatabnormalstratumchangeisfound,orthebearingstratumisquestionedaspossiblyexistingcrushedzoneorsolutionhole,inthecourseoftheconstructionofsinglelarge-diametercolumnorpile,itisnecessarytoinspectionitsspreading,characterandextentandevaluateitseffectonthesafetyofworks.A.3.3Asformanuallyexcavatedcast-in-placeconcretepiles,thedescriptionandverificationofthebearingstratum’sgeotechnicalengineeringcharactershallbemadeonahole-to-holebasis.Incaseofthenonconformityisfoundwithsurveymaterials,theabnormalspotshallbere-surveyedandre-evaluated,andtechnicalsolutionsshallalsobeprovided.A.4KeyPointsforConstructionofFoundationTreatmentWorksA.4.1Checkandmakesupplementtothesite’sengineeringandhydrologicalgeotechnicalconditionsprescribedinsurveymaterialsinaccordancewiththefoundationtreatmentscheme;focusontheremainingproblemfromthedetailsurvey48 phaseorspecialrequirementsinfoundationtreatmentdesign,andcarryoutrelevantsurveyssoastosupplementthegeotechnicalengineeringdesignparametersnecessaryforthetreatmentandevaluatethesiteconstructionconditionsandtheeffectsofconstructiononsurroundingenvironment.A.4.2Incaseofabnormaloccurrencehappenedintheprogressoffoundationtreatment,immediateresearchshallbemadetofindoutthecause,soastoprovidegeotechnicalengineeringdesignparametersfortheadjustmentandchangeofdesignschemes,andrelevanttechnicalmeasuresfortreatment.A.5SurveyReportforConstructionA.5.1Asurveyreportforconstructionshallmainlyincludethefollowingcontents:1Overviewofwork;2Objectiveandrequirements;3Analysisofreasons;4Evaluationofengineeringsafety;5Treatmentmeasuresandsuggestions.48 ScheduleBPerformanceofPlasticDrainageBeltsB.0.1ThethicknessofplasticdrainagebeltsindifferentmodelshallcomplywithTableB.0.1.TableB.0.1Thicknessofplasticdrainagebeltsindifferentmodel(mm)ModelABCDThickness>3.5>4.0>4.5>6B.0.2TheperformanceofplasticdrainagebeltsshallmeettherequirementsofTableB.0.2.TableB.0.2PerformanceofplasticdrainagebeltsItemUnitModelAModelBModelCConditionsLongitudinalwaterflowcm3/s³15³25³40LateralpressurePenetrationfactoroffiltermembranecm/s³5x10-4Immersethetestpieceinwaterfor24hEquivalentborediameteroffiltermembranemm<75CalculateinD98,whereDistheborediameterTensionstrengthofcomplex(dry)kN/10cm³1.0³1.3³1.5Whentheelongationstandsat10%TensionstrengthoffiltermembraneDry³15³20³25Whentheelongationstandsat10%WetWhentheelongationstandsat15%,andimmersethetestpieceinwaterfor24hGravityoffiltermembraneN/m2--0.8--Note:1.ModelAdrainagebeltissuitablefortheinserteddepthoflessthan15m.2.ModelBdrainagebeltissuitablefortheinserteddepthoflessthan25m.3.ModelCdrainagebeltissuitablefortheinserteddepthoflessthan35m.48 ExplanationforUsageofWordsintheStandard1.ForthepurposeofexecutionoftheprovisionofthisCode,explanationfortheidentificationofsomewordswithdifferentstrictnessaregivenasfollows:(1)Wordsthatindicatetherequirementisextremelystrictandmustbeexactlyobserved:Showaffirmativemeaning:“must”:Shownegativemeaning:“prohibited”or“mustnot”;(2)Wordsthatindicatetherequirementisstrictandshallbeobservedinnormalconditions:Showaffirmativemeaning:“shall”:Shownegativemeaning:“shallnot”or“notallowed”;(3)Wordsthatallowsforalternation,butiftheconditionisavailablepriorityshallbegiventoobservation:Showaffirmativemeaning:“suggest”or“should”:Shownegativemeaning:“shouldnot”.2.Whenstipulatingintheclausethatotherrelatedcodesand/orstandardsshallbeobserved,theexpressionhereofis“shallcomplywithorbeinlinewith”or“inaccordancewith”.48'