福建高速公路路基施工作业指导书

'路基施工作业指导书中铁三局漳龙高速公路A3项目经理部编制：批准：日期：年月日choosewaterfountains,water-savingproductsshouldbepurchased.Ascomparedtoopenv-Groovetypewatersupplysystem,sealednipplewatersystemcansavewater81.35%savingbeddingconsumption56.3%;sanitationanddrinkingwater,andavarietyofharmfulgasesconcentrationsdecline,increasedlayingrate13.79%,economicefficiencyimproved.ChickenCoopconstructionshouldpayattentiontoseveralproblems,chickendistributionnotes:arationalstructureofthehen-houselayout,canprovideagoodenvironmentforchicken,makingitsfullproductivepotential,sootherthaninunderstandingthephysiologicalcharacteristicsofthechickenitself,andmustbeproperlyplannedandconstructedsheds.1.sitestochooseawayfrompopulatedareas,trafficconvenient,awayfromtheroad2.Gaozaoterrain,alotofsunshine.Wintersunaspossible,summerwind,andnotaftertherainwater.Larger,leavingroomfordevelopment3.Abundantwaterresourcespollution-free,easytoaccess,sufficientpowerisguaranteed4.Buildingstructure,theeconomy,savingmoney,andsavingenergy,itisfacinginaccordancewithlocalenvironmentalandphysiologicalcondition,lightingisgood,easytoventilation,easytooperate,soconducivetocoolinginthesummer,toinsulationinwintercold5.Layoutofpremisesshouldbereasonable,dodistinguishbetweenproductionandnon-productionareasandnon-productionareasandwatersourcesareonachickenfarminthewind,netroadanddirtroadseparatinguncrossed,dungfarmislocatedinthe 一、施工准备1、图纸审核路基开工前，施工技术人员应认真审核图纸，全面熟悉设计文件，对于施工图纸上的错误及设计不明确处，及时上报项目部，以便解决。根据工程量、工期要求确定施工机械及人员配置。2、施工调查对施工范围的地质、水文、障碍物、文物古迹等及各种管线情况进行详细调查，以书面形式上报项目部。对施工所需材料进行调查，综和考虑材料材质、单价、储量、运距等因素。确定使用的材料要及时取样送检，不合格材料严禁进场。对图纸提供的挖方、借土场取有代表性的土样进行试验。修建生活和工程用房，解决好通讯、电力和水的供应，修建临时便道、便桥。设立必要的安全标志。3、施工测量在开工之前做好施工测量工作，内容包括：导线、中线的复测、水准点的复测与增设，横断面的测量与绘制等。原有导线点不能满足施工要求时，应进行加密。在结构物附近、高填深挖地段、工程量集中及地形复杂地段增设临时水准点，水准点间距不宜大于1KM。测量精度应符合JTJ061-85《公路路线勘测规程》的要求。施工前，应根据恢复的路线中桩、设计图表、施工工艺和有关规定放出路基用地界、路堤坡脚、路堑堑顶、边沟、截水沟等的具体位置桩，并在路基外设立控制桩，标明桩号及填挖高度。4、编制详细的实施性施工组织设计，重要项目编制路基施工网络计划及施工方案，上报项目部。及时提出开工报告。choosewaterfountains,water-savingproductsshouldbepurchased.Ascomparedtoopenv-Groovetypewatersupplysystem,sealednipplewatersystemcansavewater81.35%savingbeddingconsumption56.3%;sanitationanddrinkingwater,andavarietyofharmfulgasesconcentrationsdecline,increasedlayingrate13.79%,economicefficiencyimproved.ChickenCoopconstructionshouldpayattentiontoseveralproblems,chickendistributionnotes:arationalstructureofthehen-houselayout,canprovideagoodenvironmentforchicken,makingitsfullproductivepotential,sootherthaninunderstandingthephysiologicalcharacteristicsofthechickenitself,andmustbeproperlyplannedandconstructedsheds.1.sitestochooseawayfrompopulatedareas,trafficconvenient,awayfromtheroad2.Gaozaoterrain,alotofsunshine.Wintersunaspossible,summerwind,andnotaftertherainwater.Larger,leavingroomfordevelopment3.Abundantwaterresourcespollution-free,easytoaccess,sufficientpowerisguaranteed4.Buildingstructure,theeconomy,savingmoney,andsavingenergy,itisfacinginaccordancewithlocalenvironmentalandphysiologicalcondition,lightingisgood,easytoventilation,easytooperate,soconducivetocoolinginthesummer,toinsulationinwintercold5.Layoutofpremisesshouldbereasonable,dodistinguishbetweenproductionandnon-productionareasandnon-productionareasandwatersourcesareonachickenfarminthewind,netroadanddirtroadseparatinguncrossed,dungfarmislocatedinthe 二、基底处理1、正常路段。路基用地范围内的树木、灌木丛等均应在施工前砍伐或移植清理，树根全部挖除。垃圾、有机物残渣及原地面以下10-30cm内的草皮和表土应予以清除，并应堆放在弃土场内。做好原地面临时排水设施，并与永久排水设施相结合。排走的水不得流入农田、耕地。路基用地范围内的建筑物应予以拆除，拆除后的坑穴应用原地的土或砂性土回填，按规定压实。填方地段地表按规定要求平整完成后进行填前碾压，要求压实度不小于90％。地面横坡陡于1：5时原地面应挖成台阶（台阶宽度不小于2m），并用小型机具加以夯实。2、不良地质路段。及早进行地质探测，如遇地质条件与设计不相符，及时上报项目部，由设计单位、总监办、驻地办、施工单位共同核实确定施工方案，具体工程数量由现场监理确认，作变更处理。地质条件符合原设计的，按设计要求进行施工。3、软土地基处理①挖除换填抛石挤淤按图纸或监理工程师的要求，将原地基的一定深度或范围内的淤泥，换填符合规定要求的材料。换填时应分层铺筑，逐层压实，达到规定的压实度。抛石挤淤应按图纸及监理要求进行，当软土地层平坦时，从路堤中部向前抛填，在渐次向两侧对称地抛填。当软土地层横坡陡于1：10时应自高侧向低侧抛填，并在低侧边部多抛填，使低侧边部约有2米的平台顶面，待抛石填出软土面后，应用较小的石块填塞垫平、压实，并在其上铺设反滤层。②砂桩采用冲击式双管成桩法施工。施工时采用分段、隔行进行。先施工周边桩，后施工第三排桩，再进行第二排桩施工，以此类推。choosewaterfountains,water-savingproductsshouldbepurchased.Ascomparedtoopenv-Groovetypewatersupplysystem,sealednipplewatersystemcansavewater81.35%savingbeddingconsumption56.3%;sanitationanddrinkingwater,andavarietyofharmfulgasesconcentrationsdecline,increasedlayingrate13.79%,economicefficiencyimproved.ChickenCoopconstructionshouldpayattentiontoseveralproblems,chickendistributionnotes:arationalstructureofthehen-houselayout,canprovideagoodenvironmentforchicken,makingitsfullproductivepotential,sootherthaninunderstandingthephysiologicalcharacteristicsofthechickenitself,andmustbeproperlyplannedandconstructedsheds.1.sitestochooseawayfrompopulatedareas,trafficconvenient,awayfromtheroad2.Gaozaoterrain,alotofsunshine.Wintersunaspossible,summerwind,andnotaftertherainwater.Larger,leavingroomfordevelopment3.Abundantwaterresourcespollution-free,easytoaccess,sufficientpowerisguaranteed4.Buildingstructure,theeconomy,savingmoney,andsavingenergy,itisfacinginaccordancewithlocalenvironmentalandphysiologicalcondition,lightingisgood,easytoventilation,easytooperate,soconducivetocoolinginthesummer,toinsulationinwintercold5.Layoutofpremisesshouldbereasonable,dodistinguishbetweenproductionandnon-productionareasandnon-productionareasandwatersourcesareonachickenfarminthewind,netroadanddirtroadseparatinguncrossed,dungfarmislocatedinthe 1、施工准备，平整场地，施工机具进场。采用柴油打桩机打桩，履带式起重机固定桩架，起吊桩锤，装拔桩管。2、试验桩，根据已批复的施工方案进行5根砂桩试验，然后进行标准贯入试验，若不满足规范及设计要求，要换设备、施工方法，并再次进行试验，直至5根试验桩全部合格。3、机具对位，移动打桩机到指定桩位。4、锤击内、外管，锤击内管和外管至设计标高。5、拔内管灌砂，拔起内管，然后向外管内灌砂。使用级配中粗砂，含泥量小于3％。6、放下内管到外管中的砂面上。7、拔外管，拔起外管至与内管底面平齐。8、锤击内外管，将砂击实至标准贯入试验值的密度。9、重复（5）～（8），直至设计标高。10、机具移位，移动施工机具至下一个桩位。③砂垫层A．施工方法a．恢复中线，放出路段边线桩。清理平整路基，使之具有合格的平整度和路拱度。b．用自卸汽车将质量合格的中粗砂运至路段选用适宜的机具按设计厚度分层整平、洒水、压实。c．砂垫层施工过程中，严防尘土、泥土和杂物污染，对受到污染的部分必须返工或更换。d．砂垫层的高程、厚度、干密度、平整度渗透系数也应符合要求必须符合设计要求。e．choosewaterfountains,water-savingproductsshouldbepurchased.Ascomparedtoopenv-Groovetypewatersupplysystem,sealednipplewatersystemcansavewater81.35%savingbeddingconsumption56.3%;sanitationanddrinkingwater,andavarietyofharmfulgasesconcentrationsdecline,increasedlayingrate13.79%,economicefficiencyimproved.ChickenCoopconstructionshouldpayattentiontoseveralproblems,chickendistributionnotes:arationalstructureofthehen-houselayout,canprovideagoodenvironmentforchicken,makingitsfullproductivepotential,sootherthaninunderstandingthephysiologicalcharacteristicsofthechickenitself,andmustbeproperlyplannedandconstructedsheds.1.sitestochooseawayfrompopulatedareas,trafficconvenient,awayfromtheroad2.Gaozaoterrain,alotofsunshine.Wintersunaspossible,summerwind,andnotaftertherainwater.Larger,leavingroomfordevelopment3.Abundantwaterresourcespollution-free,easytoaccess,sufficientpowerisguaranteed4.Buildingstructure,theeconomy,savingmoney,andsavingenergy,itisfacinginaccordancewithlocalenvironmentalandphysiologicalcondition,lightingisgood,easytoventilation,easytooperate,soconducivetocoolinginthesummer,toinsulationinwintercold5.Layoutofpremisesshouldbereasonable,dodistinguishbetweenproductionandnon-productionareasandnon-productionareasandwatersourcesareonachickenfarminthewind,netroadanddirtroadseparatinguncrossed,dungfarmislocatedinthe 砂垫层成活后，应及时洒水养护，限制人员、机动车通行，并尽快安排下一道工序的施工。A．工艺流程框图测量放样平整压实铺砂垫层清整路基养护监理检查运输砂备合格砂监理验收质量检查④、土工织物的铺设土工布应在平整好的下呈层上按路基底宽全断面铺设，铺设时应拉直平顺，紧贴下呈层，不使出现扭曲、折皱、重叠。在斜坡上铺设时应保持一定的松紧度。土工布搭接应在现场由人工或机械缝合，缝接宽度不小于5cm。现场发现土工织物有破损时，必须立即修补好。土工格栅铺设应在路堤每边各留足够的锚固长度，回折覆盖压实的填料面上，平整顺适，外侧用土覆盖，以免人为破坏。双层土工材料上下层接缝应交替错开，错开长度不小于0.5m。填料厚度不足1米时，机械不应在路幅内调头。三、路基施工1、挖方路基1.1土方路基开挖A．施工方法a.恢复定线，放出边线桩，对不同路段采取不同的施工方法。b.choosewaterfountains,water-savingproductsshouldbepurchased.Ascomparedtoopenv-Groovetypewatersupplysystem,sealednipplewatersystemcansavewater81.35%savingbeddingconsumption56.3%;sanitationanddrinkingwater,andavarietyofharmfulgasesconcentrationsdecline,increasedlayingrate13.79%,economicefficiencyimproved.ChickenCoopconstructionshouldpayattentiontoseveralproblems,chickendistributionnotes:arationalstructureofthehen-houselayout,canprovideagoodenvironmentforchicken,makingitsfullproductivepotential,sootherthaninunderstandingthephysiologicalcharacteristicsofthechickenitself,andmustbeproperlyplannedandconstructedsheds.1.sitestochooseawayfrompopulatedareas,trafficconvenient,awayfromtheroad2.Gaozaoterrain,alotofsunshine.Wintersunaspossible,summerwind,andnotaftertherainwater.Larger,leavingroomfordevelopment3.Abundantwaterresourcespollution-free,easytoaccess,sufficientpowerisguaranteed4.Buildingstructure,theeconomy,savingmoney,andsavingenergy,itisfacinginaccordancewithlocalenvironmentalandphysiologicalcondition,lightingisgood,easytoventilation,easytooperate,soconducivetocoolinginthesummer,toinsulationinwintercold5.Layoutofpremisesshouldbereasonable,dodistinguishbetweenproductionandnon-productionareasandnon-productionareasandwatersourcesareonachickenfarminthewind,netroadanddirtroadseparatinguncrossed,dungfarmislocatedinthe 对较短的路堑采用横挖方法，路堑深度不大时，一次挖到设计标高；路堑深度较大时，分成几个台阶进行开挖。a.对较长的路堑采用纵挖法，其路堑宽度、深度不大时，按横断面全宽纵向分层开挖；对宽度、深度较大的路堑，采用通道式纵挖法开挖。b.对超长路堑，采用分段纵挖法开挖。c.路基土方开挖采用机械化施工方法：土方运距在100m左右，选用推土机挖运；运距在500m以内，使用拖式铲运机挖运；运距在1km以内，采用自行式大铲运机挖运；大体积的土方远运，宜用挖装机械配合自卸汽车施工。d.路基开工前，应考虑排水系统的布设，防止在施工中线路外的水流入线内，并将线路内的水（包括地面积水、雨水、地下渗水）迅速排出路基，保证施工顺利进行。e.对设计中拟定的纵横向排水系统，要随着路基的开挖，适时组织施工，保证雨季不积水，并及时安排边沟、边坡的修整和防护，确保边坡稳定。f.路槽达到设计标高后，用平地机整平，刮出路拱，并预留压实量，最后用压路压实，检查压实度。A．工艺流程框图路基放样地表清理土方挖运边坡修整排水排水系统施工击实标准试验路槽平整压实压实度检查复测choosewaterfountains,water-savingproductsshouldbepurchased.Ascomparedtoopenv-Groovetypewatersupplysystem,sealednipplewatersystemcansavewater81.35%savingbeddingconsumption56.3%;sanitationanddrinkingwater,andavarietyofharmfulgasesconcentrationsdecline,increasedlayingrate13.79%,economicefficiencyimproved.ChickenCoopconstructionshouldpayattentiontoseveralproblems,chickendistributionnotes:arationalstructureofthehen-houselayout,canprovideagoodenvironmentforchicken,makingitsfullproductivepotential,sootherthaninunderstandingthephysiologicalcharacteristicsofthechickenitself,andmustbeproperlyplannedandconstructedsheds.1.sitestochooseawayfrompopulatedareas,trafficconvenient,awayfromtheroad2.Gaozaoterrain,alotofsunshine.Wintersunaspossible,summerwind,andnotaftertherainwater.Larger,leavingroomfordevelopment3.Abundantwaterresourcespollution-free,easytoaccess,sufficientpowerisguaranteed4.Buildingstructure,theeconomy,savingmoney,andsavingenergy,itisfacinginaccordancewithlocalenvironmentalandphysiologicalcondition,lightingisgood,easytoventilation,easytooperate,soconducivetocoolinginthesummer,toinsulationinwintercold5.Layoutofpremisesshouldbereasonable,dodistinguishbetweenproductionandnon-productionareasandnon-productionareasandwatersourcesareonachickenfarminthewind,netroadanddirtroadseparatinguncrossed,dungfarmislocatedinthe 1.2石方路基爆破开挖A．施工方法a.恢复路基中线，放出边线。b.根据地形，地质及挖深选择适宜的开挖爆破方法，制订爆破方案，作出爆破施工组织设计，报有关部门审批。c.用推土机整修施工便道，清理表层覆盖土及危石。d.在地面上准确放出炮眼（井）位置，竖立标牌，标明孔井号，深度，装药量。e.用推土机配合爆破，创造临空面，使最小抵抗线方向面向回填方向。f.炮眼按其不同深度，采用手风钻或潜孔钻钻孔，炮眼布置在整体爆破时采用“梅花型”或“方格型”，预裂爆破时采用“一字型”，洞室爆破根据设计确定药包的位置和药量。g.在居民区及地质不良可能引起坍塌后遗症的路段，原则上不采用大中型洞室爆破。在石方集中的深挖路堑采用洞室爆破时，应认真设计分集药包位置和装药量，精确测算爆破漏斗，防止超爆、少爆或振松边坡，留下后患。爆破施工要严格控制飞石距离，采取切实可行的措施，确保人员和建筑物的安全。控制爆破也可以采用分段毫秒爆破方法h.为确保边坡爆破质量，采用预裂爆破技术，光面爆破技术和排眼毫秒爆破技术，同时配合选择合理的爆破参数，减少冲击波影响，降低石料大块率，以减少二次破碎，利于装运和填方。i.choosewaterfountains,water-savingproductsshouldbepurchased.Ascomparedtoopenv-Groovetypewatersupplysystem,sealednipplewatersystemcansavewater81.35%savingbeddingconsumption56.3%;sanitationanddrinkingwater,andavarietyofharmfulgasesconcentrationsdecline,increasedlayingrate13.79%,economicefficiencyimproved.ChickenCoopconstructionshouldpayattentiontoseveralproblems,chickendistributionnotes:arationalstructureofthehen-houselayout,canprovideagoodenvironmentforchicken,makingitsfullproductivepotential,sootherthaninunderstandingthephysiologicalcharacteristicsofthechickenitself,andmustbeproperlyplannedandconstructedsheds.1.sitestochooseawayfrompopulatedareas,trafficconvenient,awayfromtheroad2.Gaozaoterrain,alotofsunshine.Wintersunaspossible,summerwind,andnotaftertherainwater.Larger,leavingroomfordevelopment3.Abundantwaterresourcespollution-free,easytoaccess,sufficientpowerisguaranteed4.Buildingstructure,theeconomy,savingmoney,andsavingenergy,itisfacinginaccordancewithlocalenvironmentalandphysiologicalcondition,lightingisgood,easytoventilation,easytooperate,soconducivetocoolinginthesummer,toinsulationinwintercold5.Layoutofpremisesshouldbereasonable,dodistinguishbetweenproductionandnon-productionareasandnon-productionareasandwatersourcesareonachickenfarminthewind,netroadanddirtroadseparatinguncrossed,dungfarmislocatedinthe 装药前要布好警戒，选择好通行道路，认真检查炮孔、洞室，吹净残渣，排除积水，做好爆破器材的防水保护工作，雨季或有地下水时，可考虑采用乳化防水炸药。a.装药分单层、分层装药，预裂装药及洞室内集中装药。光眼装药后用木杆捣实，填塞粘土，洞室装药时，将预先加好的起爆体放在药包中心位置，周围填以硝酸安全炸药，用砂粘土填塞，填塞时要注意保护起爆线路。b.认真设计，严密布设起爆网络，防止发生短路及二响重叠现象。c.顺利起爆，并清除边坡危石后，用推土机清出道路，用推土机、铲运机纵向出土填方，运距较远时，用挖掘机机械装土，自卸汽车运输。d.随时注意控制开挖断面，切勿超爆，适时清理整修边坡和暴露的孤石。e.路基开挖至设计标高，经复测检查断面尺寸合格后，及时开挖边沟和排水沟，截水沟，经监理工程师验收合格后，按设计对边沟、边坡进行防护，边沟施工要做到尺寸准确，线型直顺，曲线圆滑，沟底平顺，排水畅通，浆砌护坡要做平整坚实，灰浆饱满。路槽整理要掌握好，不要留孤石和超爆，做到一次标准成型验收合格测量路基施工准备爆破组织设计甲方审查有关部门审批测量布孔人、料、机准备钻孔监理检查自检测孔装药填塞警戒孔井检查起爆网络布设防护警戒清运处理危石整修边坡f.工艺流程框图choosewaterfountains,water-savingproductsshouldbepurchased.Ascomparedtoopenv-Groovetypewatersupplysystem,sealednipplewatersystemcansavewater81.35%savingbeddingconsumption56.3%;sanitationanddrinkingwater,andavarietyofharmfulgasesconcentrationsdecline,increasedlayingrate13.79%,economicefficiencyimproved.ChickenCoopconstructionshouldpayattentiontoseveralproblems,chickendistributionnotes:arationalstructureofthehen-houselayout,canprovideagoodenvironmentforchicken,makingitsfullproductivepotential,sootherthaninunderstandingthephysiologicalcharacteristicsofthechickenitself,andmustbeproperlyplannedandconstructedsheds.1.sitestochooseawayfrompopulatedareas,trafficconvenient,awayfromtheroad2.Gaozaoterrain,alotofsunshine.Wintersunaspossible,summerwind,andnotaftertherainwater.Larger,leavingroomfordevelopment3.Abundantwaterresourcespollution-free,easytoaccess,sufficientpowerisguaranteed4.Buildingstructure,theeconomy,savingmoney,andsavingenergy,itisfacinginaccordancewithlocalenvironmentalandphysiologicalcondition,lightingisgood,easytoventilation,easytooperate,soconducivetocoolinginthesummer,toinsulationinwintercold5.Layoutofpremisesshouldbereasonable,dodistinguishbetweenproductionandnon-productionareasandnon-productionareasandwatersourcesareonachickenfarminthewind,netroadanddirtroadseparatinguncrossed,dungfarmislocatedinthe 2、填方路基2.1填土路堤2.1.1施工方法A．恢复路基中线并加密中桩，测标高，放出坡脚桩，桩上注明桩号，标上填筑高度。B．清除填方范围内的草皮，树根，淤泥，积水，并翻松，平整压实地基，经监理工程师认可，实测填前标高后，方能上土填筑路基。C、选择适宜的填筑材料，提前作好标准击实试验，并经监理工程师批准试验资料和选择的取料场。D、地面横坡陡于1：5时，原地面应挖成台阶后填筑，地面横坡陡于1：2.5时，应作特殊处理，防止路堤沿基底滑动。E、进行路基施工时，应用不同的施工方案做试验路段，从中选出路基压实的最佳方案。铺筑试验段需制订试验方案，其目的是在给定压路机的情况下，找出达到压实标准的最经济的铺层厚度和碾压次数。试验路段位置应选择在地质条件、断面形式均具有代表性的地段，路段长度不宜小于100m。具体实施可以按以下步骤进行。（1）取代表性土样做重型击实试验，确定土的最佳含水量ω和最大干密度ρdmax，并绘制干密度与含水量的关系曲线。（2）根据土的干密度与含水量关系曲线控制土的含水量ω。（3）确定铺层厚度和碾压遍数。一般可根据压路机械的功能及土质情况确定铺层厚度，高速公路一般应按松铺厚度30cmchoosewaterfountains,water-savingproductsshouldbepurchased.Ascomparedtoopenv-Groovetypewatersupplysystem,sealednipplewatersystemcansavewater81.35%savingbeddingconsumption56.3%;sanitationanddrinkingwater,andavarietyofharmfulgasesconcentrationsdecline,increasedlayingrate13.79%,economicefficiencyimproved.ChickenCoopconstructionshouldpayattentiontoseveralproblems,chickendistributionnotes:arationalstructureofthehen-houselayout,canprovideagoodenvironmentforchicken,makingitsfullproductivepotential,sootherthaninunderstandingthephysiologicalcharacteristicsofthechickenitself,andmustbeproperlyplannedandconstructedsheds.1.sitestochooseawayfrompopulatedareas,trafficconvenient,awayfromtheroad2.Gaozaoterrain,alotofsunshine.Wintersunaspossible,summerwind,andnotaftertherainwater.Larger,leavingroomfordevelopment3.Abundantwaterresourcespollution-free,easytoaccess,sufficientpowerisguaranteed4.Buildingstructure,theeconomy,savingmoney,andsavingenergy,itisfacinginaccordancewithlocalenvironmentalandphysiologicalcondition,lightingisgood,easytoventilation,easytooperate,soconducivetocoolinginthesummer,toinsulationinwintercold5.Layoutofpremisesshouldbereasonable,dodistinguishbetweenproductionandnon-productionareasandnon-productionareasandwatersourcesareonachickenfarminthewind,netroadanddirtroadseparatinguncrossed,dungfarmislocatedinthe 进行试验，以确保压实层的匀质性。砂性土需碾压次数少，粘性土需碾压次数多。光轮压路机碾压次数较高，轮胎式压路机次之，振动式压路机和夯击机次数最少。通过试验段的铺筑及有关数据的检测，写出试验报告，最后确定土的适宜铺筑厚度、所需压实遍数及填土的实际含水量，以利施工中掌握控制。F、采用水平分层的方法填筑路堤，根据压实设备和技术规范确定压实厚度，一般控制每层摊铺厚度30cm。G、土方的挖、装、运均采用机械化施工，一般用挖装机械配备自卸汽车运土，按每延米用土量严格控制卸土，推土机把土摊开，平地机整平。H、当路基填土含水量大于最佳含水量时可在路外晾、晒也可在路基上用铧犁翻拌晾晒；当含水量不足时，可用水车洒水补充，使填土达到最佳含水量的要求，确保达到压实度标准。I、当路堤宽度、厚度和填土含水量等符合要求后，用压路机从路边向路中，从低侧向高侧顺序碾压。压实遵照先轻后重的原则，直到达到设计的压实度为止。J、根据路堤的填筑高度，严格按规范要求检查压实度，每层填土都要资料齐全，并经监理工程师签认或旁站。K、在雨季施工中，严防路堤积水，填筑层表面应适当加大横坡度，以利于排水，并注意天气预报，及时碾压成型，防止填土被雨水泡软。L、达到设计标高时要抓紧按设计要求整理路槽，修整边坡，防护，确保路堤填筑质量和稳定性。choosewaterfountains,water-savingproductsshouldbepurchased.Ascomparedtoopenv-Groovetypewatersupplysystem,sealednipplewatersystemcansavewater81.35%savingbeddingconsumption56.3%;sanitationanddrinkingwater,andavarietyofharmfulgasesconcentrationsdecline,increasedlayingrate13.79%,economicefficiencyimproved.ChickenCoopconstructionshouldpayattentiontoseveralproblems,chickendistributionnotes:arationalstructureofthehen-houselayout,canprovideagoodenvironmentforchicken,makingitsfullproductivepotential,sootherthaninunderstandingthephysiologicalcharacteristicsofthechickenitself,andmustbeproperlyplannedandconstructedsheds.1.sitestochooseawayfrompopulatedareas,trafficconvenient,awayfromtheroad2.Gaozaoterrain,alotofsunshine.Wintersunaspossible,summerwind,andnotaftertherainwater.Larger,leavingroomfordevelopment3.Abundantwaterresourcespollution-free,easytoaccess,sufficientpowerisguaranteed4.Buildingstructure,theeconomy,savingmoney,andsavingenergy,itisfacinginaccordancewithlocalenvironmentalandphysiologicalcondition,lightingisgood,easytoventilation,easytooperate,soconducivetocoolinginthesummer,toinsulationinwintercold5.Layoutofpremisesshouldbereasonable,dodistinguishbetweenproductionandnon-productionareasandnon-productionareasandwatersourcesareonachickenfarminthewind,netroadanddirtroadseparatinguncrossed,dungfarmislocatedinthe M、设计在填方路段的桥涵构造物要提前施工，桥涵两侧填土应特别注意，填筑材料必须符合设计及规范要求，台背填方最好与路堤填方同步协调进行，桥台附近配合小型压实机械压实，台背回填和路堤填充方结合部要特别重视，如后填台背要挖台阶，保证压实度合格。雨季应防止地面水流入，如有积水要及时排除，确保台背压实质量，严防因桥头填土沉降而造成跳车。N、半填半挖路基和填挖交界处的路基，结合填挖方路基的施工要求进行，填方一般从低处开始，按距路基顶面的不同高度控制压实度标准，最后一层要翻松挖方地段，平整后和填方路段一起碾压成型路基。2.1.2工艺流程框图路堤放样清理地表选择土场击实试验填前压实清除表土压实度检查测量标高击实试验监理签认路堤上土土方运输含水量检查平整压实处理弹簧压实度检查边坡修整排水施工填上层料监理检查2.2填石路堤2.2.1施工方法a.恢复路基中线，并加密中桩，测标高，放出坡脚桩，桩上注明桩号，标上填筑高度。choosewaterfountains,water-savingproductsshouldbepurchased.Ascomparedtoopenv-Groovetypewatersupplysystem,sealednipplewatersystemcansavewater81.35%savingbeddingconsumption56.3%;sanitationanddrinkingwater,andavarietyofharmfulgasesconcentrationsdecline,increasedlayingrate13.79%,economicefficiencyimproved.ChickenCoopconstructionshouldpayattentiontoseveralproblems,chickendistributionnotes:arationalstructureofthehen-houselayout,canprovideagoodenvironmentforchicken,makingitsfullproductivepotential,sootherthaninunderstandingthephysiologicalcharacteristicsofthechickenitself,andmustbeproperlyplannedandconstructedsheds.1.sitestochooseawayfrompopulatedareas,trafficconvenient,awayfromtheroad2.Gaozaoterrain,alotofsunshine.Wintersunaspossible,summerwind,andnotaftertherainwater.Larger,leavingroomfordevelopment3.Abundantwaterresourcespollution-free,easytoaccess,sufficientpowerisguaranteed4.Buildingstructure,theeconomy,savingmoney,andsavingenergy,itisfacinginaccordancewithlocalenvironmentalandphysiologicalcondition,lightingisgood,easytoventilation,easytooperate,soconducivetocoolinginthesummer,toinsulationinwintercold5.Layoutofpremisesshouldbereasonable,dodistinguishbetweenproductionandnon-productionareasandnon-productionareasandwatersourcesareonachickenfarminthewind,netroadanddirtroadseparatinguncrossed,dungfarmislocatedinthe a.清除填方范围内的草皮，树根，淤泥，积水，并平整压实经监理工程师认可，实测填前标高后，方可进行填石路基施工。b.填石路堤的石料强度不应小于15Mpa。填石路堤石料径最大不宜超过层厚的2/3。c.填石路堤均应分层填筑，分层压实。填筑厚度不宜大于50cm。d.逐层填筑时，应安排好石料运输路线，专人指挥，按水平分层，先低后高，先两侧后中央卸料，并用大型推土机摊平。个别不平处应配合人工用细石块，石屑找平。e.当块石级配较差，粒径较大，填层较厚，石块间的空隙较大时，可于每层表面的空隙里扫入石渣、石屑、中、粗砂，再以压力水将砂冲入下部，反复数次，使空隙填满。f.人工铺填粒径25cm以上石料时，应先铺砌大块石料，大面向下，小面向上，摆平放稳，再用小石块找平，石屑塞缝，最后压实。人工铺填块径25cm以下石料时，可直接分层摊铺，分层压实。g.填石路堤的填料如其岩性相差较大，则应将不同岩性的填料分层或分段填筑。如路堑或隧道基岩为不同岩种，允许使用挖出的混合料填筑路堤，但石料强度、粒径应符合规范规定。h.填石路堤路床顶面以下50cm范围内应填筑符合路床要求的土并分层压实，粒料最大粒径不得大于10cm。i.填石路堤选用工作质量12t以上的重型振动压路机，工作质量2.5t以上的夯锤或25tchoosewaterfountains,water-savingproductsshouldbepurchased.Ascomparedtoopenv-Groovetypewatersupplysystem,sealednipplewatersystemcansavewater81.35%savingbeddingconsumption56.3%;sanitationanddrinkingwater,andavarietyofharmfulgasesconcentrationsdecline,increasedlayingrate13.79%,economicefficiencyimproved.ChickenCoopconstructionshouldpayattentiontoseveralproblems,chickendistributionnotes:arationalstructureofthehen-houselayout,canprovideagoodenvironmentforchicken,makingitsfullproductivepotential,sootherthaninunderstandingthephysiologicalcharacteristicsofthechickenitself,andmustbeproperlyplannedandconstructedsheds.1.sitestochooseawayfrompopulatedareas,trafficconvenient,awayfromtheroad2.Gaozaoterrain,alotofsunshine.Wintersunaspossible,summerwind,andnotaftertherainwater.Larger,leavingroomfordevelopment3.Abundantwaterresourcespollution-free,easytoaccess,sufficientpowerisguaranteed4.Buildingstructure,theeconomy,savingmoney,andsavingenergy,itisfacinginaccordancewithlocalenvironmentalandphysiologicalcondition,lightingisgood,easytoventilation,easytooperate,soconducivetocoolinginthesummer,toinsulationinwintercold5.Layoutofpremisesshouldbereasonable,dodistinguishbetweenproductionandnon-productionareasandnon-productionareasandwatersourcesareonachickenfarminthewind,netroadanddirtroadseparatinguncrossed,dungfarmislocatedinthe 以上的轮胎压路机（夯）实，当缺乏上述的压实机具时节，可采用重型静载光轮压路机压实并减少每层填筑厚度和减小石料粒径，其适宜的压实厚度应根据试验确定，但不得大于50cm。采用重型振动压路机或夯锤压实填石路堤时，可加厚至1.0m。填石路堤压实时的操作要求，应先压两侧（即靠路肩部分）后压中间，压实路线对轮碾应纵向互相平行，反复碾压。对于夯锤应成孤形，当夯实密实度达到要求后，再向后移动一夯锤位置。行与行之间应重叠40—50cm；前后相邻区段应重叠100—150cm。测量放样清表压实码砌坡脚填筑石料压实检查备石料压（夯）实填料路床填土石料运输压实检查压实试验监理签认石料鉴定监理签认含水量检查监理签认填土碾压边坡修整压实度检查自检监理验收2.3软土路堤沉降观测要求A．施工期沉降观测软基处理前，按设计要求加工地面沉降仪和连续沉降仪等观测仪器，要求刻度清晰，便于观测。利用打桩机或地质钻机将连续沉降仪打入地基持力层，地面沉降仪在砂垫层施工时直接埋在层内，随着路堤分层填高，沉降杆也一节节接长，并做好保护。沉降仪设置后，按设计要求定期观测，在整个施工期掌握路堤填筑，要求变形速率控制在10—20mm/dchoosewaterfountains,water-savingproductsshouldbepurchased.Ascomparedtoopenv-Groovetypewatersupplysystem,sealednipplewatersystemcansavewater81.35%savingbeddingconsumption56.3%;sanitationanddrinkingwater,andavarietyofharmfulgasesconcentrationsdecline,increasedlayingrate13.79%,economicefficiencyimproved.ChickenCoopconstructionshouldpayattentiontoseveralproblems,chickendistributionnotes:arationalstructureofthehen-houselayout,canprovideagoodenvironmentforchicken,makingitsfullproductivepotential,sootherthaninunderstandingthephysiologicalcharacteristicsofthechickenitself,andmustbeproperlyplannedandconstructedsheds.1.sitestochooseawayfrompopulatedareas,trafficconvenient,awayfromtheroad2.Gaozaoterrain,alotofsunshine.Wintersunaspossible,summerwind,andnotaftertherainwater.Larger,leavingroomfordevelopment3.Abundantwaterresourcespollution-free,easytoaccess,sufficientpowerisguaranteed4.Buildingstructure,theeconomy,savingmoney,andsavingenergy,itisfacinginaccordancewithlocalenvironmentalandphysiologicalcondition,lightingisgood,easytoventilation,easytooperate,soconducivetocoolinginthesummer,toinsulationinwintercold5.Layoutofpremisesshouldbereasonable,dodistinguishbetweenproductionandnon-productionareasandnon-productionareasandwatersourcesareonachickenfarminthewind,netroadanddirtroadseparatinguncrossed,dungfarmislocatedinthe 之间均可进行施工。A．预压沉降期观测路堤填筑完成至路面施工之日，中间的间隔时间为路堤的预压沉降期，为观测路堤的沉降，在不小于1000m的路堤顶部每100m，在路中心的两侧路肩内缘各设一固定桩，埋深50cm，在接近桥台处，桩距可适当加密，按设计要求定时用水准仪观测水平标高，掌握沉降情况。一般开始时每周观测一次，中间半月观测一次，最后每月观测一次，规定连续两个月观测沉降速度小于5mm/月，认为路堤稳定，可进行路面基层施工；连续两个月观测沉降速度小于3mm/月，认为基层施工加载后是稳定的，方可进行面层施工。为观测位移，另在以上间隔的二侧路堤坡脚外5m外设立砼标桩，埋深2m。选择三个不同的固定点，每日定时用经纬仪分别观测各标桩的位移变化，通过以上观测记录的分析，确定沉降完成的日期。四、防护及排水工程1、认真审核设计图纸，现场准确放样，制定详细的施工方案。2、开挖边坡必须平整、稳定、严禁贴坡。水沟的纵坡应按图纸施工，沟底平整，排水畅通，无阻水现象，并按图纸将水引入排水系统。3、砌体工程所用的材料应检验合格后方可使用。石料应质地坚硬，无风化、无裂纹，石料表面的污迹，水锈应予清除。所用片石的形状不受限制，但其中部厚度不应小于15cm，用作镶面的片石宜选用表面较平整，尺寸较大者、且边缘厚度不得小于15cm。石料的强度等级应符合设计要求。4、砌体工程所用砂浆的强度等级应符合设计要求。choosewaterfountains,water-savingproductsshouldbepurchased.Ascomparedtoopenv-Groovetypewatersupplysystem,sealednipplewatersystemcansavewater81.35%savingbeddingconsumption56.3%;sanitationanddrinkingwater,andavarietyofharmfulgasesconcentrationsdecline,increasedlayingrate13.79%,economicefficiencyimproved.ChickenCoopconstructionshouldpayattentiontoseveralproblems,chickendistributionnotes:arationalstructureofthehen-houselayout,canprovideagoodenvironmentforchicken,makingitsfullproductivepotential,sootherthaninunderstandingthephysiologicalcharacteristicsofthechickenitself,andmustbeproperlyplannedandconstructedsheds.1.sitestochooseawayfrompopulatedareas,trafficconvenient,awayfromtheroad2.Gaozaoterrain,alotofsunshine.Wintersunaspossible,summerwind,andnotaftertherainwater.Larger,leavingroomfordevelopment3.Abundantwaterresourcespollution-free,easytoaccess,sufficientpowerisguaranteed4.Buildingstructure,theeconomy,savingmoney,andsavingenergy,itisfacinginaccordancewithlocalenvironmentalandphysiologicalcondition,lightingisgood,easytoventilation,easytooperate,soconducivetocoolinginthesummer,toinsulationinwintercold5.Layoutofpremisesshouldbereasonable,dodistinguishbetweenproductionandnon-productionareasandnon-productionareasandwatersourcesareonachickenfarminthewind,netroadanddirtroadseparatinguncrossed,dungfarmislocatedinthe 5、砌体砌筑方法采用坐浆法施工。砌体应咬接紧密，嵌缝饱满、密实，浆砌片石的砌缝的宽度不得超过4cm，砌体表面与三块相领石料相切的内切圆直径，不得大于7cm，两层间的错缝不得小于8cm。填腹部分的砌缝宜减小、在较宽的砌缝中可用小石块塞填。6结构的位置、断面、尺寸、坡度、标高应符合图纸要求。7、砂浆采用机械拌制，砂浆应具有适当的流动性和良好的和易性。砂浆应随拌随用，已凝结的砂浆，不得使用。8、砌体表面勾缝可采作凹缝或平缝，勾缝所用的砂浆强度，不应低于砌体所用的砂浆强度。勾缝平顺无脱落，缝宽大体一致。9、砌体应及时覆盖，并经常洒水保持湿润，常温下养护不得少于7d。四、安全保证措施1、建立、健全各级安全管理机构和设立专职安全检查人员。参加施工的人员，必须接受安全技术教育，熟知和遵守安全技术操作规程，特殊工种人员，应经过专业培训，持证上岗。2、施工现场配备必要的安全防护措施，如防护栏、灭火器等。保证施工机械的状况良好，严禁故障机械作业。施工便道要经常维护，宽度及纵坡满足行车要求，并设置会车道，在醒目地点设置安全提示牌，交通繁忙地段应设专人指挥交通。3、易燃易爆品仓库、油库应远离生活区，采取必要的安全防护措施。石方爆破作业及爆破器材的管理、加工、运输应符合《爆破安全规程》。4、边坡防护作业，必须搭设牢固的脚手架，设置必要的防护措施，施工用电要由专人管理。choosewaterfountains,water-savingproductsshouldbepurchased.Ascomparedtoopenv-Groovetypewatersupplysystem,sealednipplewatersystemcansavewater81.35%savingbeddingconsumption56.3%;sanitationanddrinkingwater,andavarietyofharmfulgasesconcentrationsdecline,increasedlayingrate13.79%,economicefficiencyimproved.ChickenCoopconstructionshouldpayattentiontoseveralproblems,chickendistributionnotes:arationalstructureofthehen-houselayout,canprovideagoodenvironmentforchicken,makingitsfullproductivepotential,sootherthaninunderstandingthephysiologicalcharacteristicsofthechickenitself,andmustbeproperlyplannedandconstructedsheds.1.sitestochooseawayfrompopulatedareas,trafficconvenient,awayfromtheroad2.Gaozaoterrain,alotofsunshine.Wintersunaspossible,summerwind,andnotaftertherainwater.Larger,leavingroomfordevelopment3.Abundantwaterresourcespollution-free,easytoaccess,sufficientpowerisguaranteed4.Buildingstructure,theeconomy,savingmoney,andsavingenergy,itisfacinginaccordancewithlocalenvironmentalandphysiologicalcondition,lightingisgood,easytoventilation,easytooperate,soconducivetocoolinginthesummer,toinsulationinwintercold5.Layoutofpremisesshouldbereasonable,dodistinguishbetweenproductionandnon-productionareasandnon-productionareasandwatersourcesareonachickenfarminthewind,netroadanddirtroadseparatinguncrossed,dungfarmislocatedinthe 五、文明施工及环保要求1、精心组织施工，合理安排作业程序，施工现场做到文明有序。机械行驶各行其道，机械停放整齐。施工便道要经常维护，防止烟尘污染，施工机械不得随意碾压进入未征用土地。2、现场材料分类堆放整齐，排列有序，并设材料标识牌，注明材料产地、规格、状态。各工号要有工号标识牌。施工现场做到文明整洁，施工完成后，要及时场地清理。3、废弃土料不得随意堆放、倾倒，避免堵塞河道及占用地方土地。要集中堆放到弃土场，施工完成后弃土场要做必要的防护及绿化。4、协调好地方关系，施工中尽量不影响地方村民正常生活。保证地方饮水、灌溉、行车不受施工干扰。choosewaterfountains,water-savingproductsshouldbepurchased.Ascomparedtoopenv-Groovetypewatersupplysystem,sealednipplewatersystemcansavewater81.35%savingbeddingconsumption56.3%;sanitationanddrinkingwater,andavarietyofharmfulgasesconcentrationsdecline,increasedlayingrate13.79%,economicefficiencyimproved.ChickenCoopconstructionshouldpayattentiontoseveralproblems,chickendistributionnotes:arationalstructureofthehen-houselayout,canprovideagoodenvironmentforchicken,makingitsfullproductivepotential,sootherthaninunderstandingthephysiologicalcharacteristicsofthechickenitself,andmustbeproperlyplannedandconstructedsheds.1.sitestochooseawayfrompopulatedareas,trafficconvenient,awayfromtheroad2.Gaozaoterrain,alotofsunshine.Wintersunaspossible,summerwind,andnotaftertherainwater.Larger,leavingroomfordevelopment3.Abundantwaterresourcespollution-free,easytoaccess,sufficientpowerisguaranteed4.Buildingstructure,theeconomy,savingmoney,andsavingenergy,itisfacinginaccordancewithlocalenvironmentalandphysiologicalcondition,lightingisgood,easytoventilation,easytooperate,soconducivetocoolinginthesummer,toinsulationinwintercold5.Layoutofpremisesshouldbereasonable,dodistinguishbetweenproductionandnon-productionareasandnon-productionareasandwatersourcesareonachickenfarminthewind,netroadanddirtroadseparatinguncrossed,dungfarmislocatedinthe'