某办公楼中央空调毕业设计论文

'摘要本设计为深圳市某实业有限公司办公楼中央空调系统，拟为之设计合理的中央空调系统，为室内工作人员提供舒适的工作环境。系统采用风机盘管为主承担空调房间的冷负荷与热负荷，每个房间的吊顶内安置一到二个暗装风机盘管。新风则通过独立的新风管道先送入风机盘管，再与回风混合一起送入房间。新风机组安装于新风机房内，每一层楼放置两台新风机组负担该层所有空调房间的新风，该空调系统的优点是占用建筑面积少，可集中供冷和供热。同时各末端装置有独立的开关和调节功能，各房间的温度可独自调节与控制，且防止了空气的交叉感染。设计内容包括：空调冷负荷的计算；空调系统的划分与系统方案的确定；冷源的选择；空调末端处理设备的选型；风系统的设计与计算；室内送风方式与气流组织形式的选定；水系统的设计、布置与水力计算；风管系统与水管系统保温层的设计；消声防振设计等内容。本设计依据有关规范考虑节能和舒适性要求，设计的空调系统采用风机盘管——新风系统。关键字：办公楼；中央空调；风机盘管—新风系统；性能比较。AbstractThegraduationprojectdesignsacentralairconditioningsystemforXXofficialbuildinginShenzhenCity,soastocreateacomfortableworkenvironmentforthestuff.Thissystemmainlyadoptsthetmantidotetoundertaketheairconditionro11om’scoolingloadsandhotloads.Eachroom’sceilingsettlesoneortwoair-conditionsinside.Theindependentfreshairissentintothermantidotebytheindependentfreshairmachinefirstly,andthenmixedwiththesecond-usedairandsentintotheroomtogether.Theindependentfreshairmachineisinstalledinthefreshescapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 airmachineroom.Eachfloorplacestwoindependentfreshairmachinestosupporttheindependentfreshairforalltheairconditionsroominthatfloor.Theadvantageoftheaircondition’ssystemisthatiscanreducethebuildingarea,itcanbothprovidewithquantityofcoldandquantityofheat.Eachthermantidotehavethefunctionofregulatingindependently,thetemperatureofeachroomcanbecontrolledalone,andtheindependentfreshaircanbesentintoairconditionroomsystematically.Itcontains:coolingloadcalculation;theestimationofsystemzoning;theselectionofrefrigerationunits;theselectionofairconditioningequipments;thedesignofairductsystemandcalculation;theestimationofairdistributionmethodandtheselectionofrelevantequipments;thedesignofwatersystemanditsresistanceanalysis;theinsulationofairductplantandchilledwaterpipes;noiseandvibrationcontrol;etc.Accordingtosomecorrelationstandard,allowforenergysafeandindoorcomfort,theairconditionsystemofthedesignisFancoilunits(FCUs)--freshairsystem.Keywords:officialbuilding;Centralairconditioning;Fancoilunits(FCUs)--freshairsystem;Thefunctioncompare.escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 1绪论1.1我国暖通空调的现状及其发展进入上世纪90年代后，我国的居住环境和工业生产环境都已广泛地应用空调，空调技术已成为衡量建筑现代化水平的重要标志之一。90年代中期，由于大中城市电力供应紧张，供电部门开始重视需求管理及削峰填谷，蓄冷空调技术提到了议事日程。近年来，由于能源结构的变化，促进了吸收式冷热水机组的快速发展，以及热泵技术在长江中下游地区的应用。随着生产和科技的不断发展，人类对空调技术也进行了一系列的改进，同时也在积极研究环保、节能的空调产品和技术，已经投入使用了冰蓄冷空调系统、燃气空调、VAV空调系统、地源热泵系统等。暖通空调技术的发展，必然会受到能源、环境条件的制约，所以能源的综合利用、节能、保护环境及趋向自然的舒适环境必然是今后发展的主题。1.2建筑空调系统节能国内外研究现状1.2.1建筑空调建筑空调系统节能国外研究现状能源是整个经济系统的基本组成部份，作为一个能源消耗大国，美国在节能和提高能源利用率方面投入了大量的人力、物力。在美国的整个能源消耗中，有约1/3以上消耗在建筑能耗上，这些能耗用来满足人们的热舒适、空气品质、提高人们的生活质量。美国暖通空调制冷工程师协会、美国制冷协会、美国冷却塔协会等组织、美国能源部以及众多暖通空调设备生产厂家如York,Carrier等都为建筑节能做出了很大贡献。特别是美国制冷设备生产厂商投入了大量的资源研究高性能冷水机组，使得冷水机组单位制冷量的能耗仅为20世纪70年代的62.3%。美国在空调冷源水系统方面的研究也卓有成效，在冷却水系统方面着重于降低冷却水流量，以达到减少冷却水泵能耗的目的。日本是一个资源贫困的国家，其主要能源来自进口，同时又是一个能源高消费国家。因此，节能和提高能源的利用率对日本来讲有着重要的意义。长期以来，在建筑节能方面，日本做了大量工作，颁布了许多节能法规，提出了建筑节能的评价方法。日本的一些设备生产厂家对空调和制冷设备的投入也很大。Daikin公司首推的变频VRV系统，为中小型建筑安装集中式空调系统创造了条件；Sany公司则在直燃式冷水机组上成绩卓著。世界各国大力发展可再生能源作为空调冷热源用能。地源热泵供暖空调是一种使用可再生能源的高效节能、环保型的工程系统。在美国地源热泵系统占整个空调系统的20%左右；瑞士40%的热泵为地祸热泵，瑞典65%的热泵为地祸热泵。1.2.2建筑空调系统节能国内研究现状escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 我国是一个人均资源相对贫乏的国家，因此节能降耗有着十分重要的意义。近年来，由于国民经济的快速发展，使我国的能源显得越来越紧张。（1）建筑空调系统节能国内研究现状概况随着经济建设的不断深入和人们生活水平的不断提高，空调建筑物越来越多，建筑物消耗的能量也越来越大，甚至出现了空调系统与经济建设争抢电力资源的情况。因此，在建筑物节能显得十分迫切。在我国建筑总能耗中，空调系统的能耗占有相当大的比重，因此研究探讨空调系统的节能就显得十分重要。在建筑物空调系统运行能耗中，冷源系统的能耗是最大的。近年来，我国暖通空调学术界和工程界在空调冷源系统的节能方面做了大量的研究工作。研究工作主要集中在冷源系统的形式选择上，对压缩式冷水机组和吸收式冷水机组的技术经济比较研究较多，通过对众多方案的分析已经基本达成共识：吸收式冷水机组节电而不节能，对其在我国的应用应区别对待，对于有余热可以利用的地区，应大力提倡使用吸收式冷水机组，而一般建筑物则应采用蒸汽压缩式制冷。当然，在进行冷热源系统的选择时，还要考虑建筑物所在地的气象条件、电力供应状况、能源情况、空调系统有无采用余热回收的可能性等方面的问题。（2）我国建筑空调系统节能研究有待解决的问题通过对一些地区空调系统的调查发现，设计人员在涉及选用冷水机组时多考虑其额定工况下的全负荷性能，而对其部分负荷性能的考虑较少。在风冷式冷水机组和水冷式冷水机组的选择应用上我国制冷工程界也存在着认识上的差异。我国在冷源水系统方面的研究目前较少，一般都是按冷水机组的样本提供的冷却水量和冷冻水量进行冷却水泵和冷冻水泵的选择。对于水系统的水泵是否运行节能则关注不多。事实上，对于冷水机组的运行而言，冷凝器和蒸发器都要求定流量，因此，对于冷水机组部分负荷状态运行时，水泵的输出都是全负荷输出，水系统的全年运行能耗是相当大的。因此水系统的节能具有很大的潜力。1.3空调系统的设计与建筑节能空调制冷技术的诞生是建筑技术史一项重大进步，它标志着人类从被动适应宏观自然气候发展到主动控制建筑微气候，在改造和征服自然的过程的又迈出了坚实的一步。但是对空调的依赖也逐渐成为建筑能耗增长的最主要的原因。制冷空调系统的出现为人们创造了舒适的空调环境，但20世纪70年代的全球能源危机，使制冷空调系统这一能源消耗大户面临严重考验，节能降耗成为空调系统设计的关键环节。据统计，我国建筑能耗约占全国总能能耗的35%，空调能耗又约占建筑能耗的50%～60%左右。由此可见，暖通空调能耗占总能耗的比例可高达22.75%。因此，建筑中的空调系统节能已成为节能领域中的一个重点和热点。于escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 是降低空调能耗也被纳于建筑节能的任务中，如何更好的利用现在的空调技术服务人类同时又能满足建筑能耗的要求，是现阶段专业技术人员的工作要点。而暖通空调设计方案的好坏直接影响着建筑环境的质量和节能状况。随着科学技术的迅速发展以及对节能和环保要求的不断提高，暖通空调领域中新的设计方案大量涌现，针对同一个设计项目，往往可以有很多不同的设计方案可供选择，设计人员要进行大量的方案比较和优选工作，设计方案技术经济性比较正在成为影响暖通空调设计质量和效率的一项重要工作。如何对暖通空调设计方案进行科学的比较和优选，是暖通空调设计人员在实际设计工作中经常遇到的一个重要技术难题。1.4空调的发展和前景1.4.1变频空调的发展变频空调是目前空调消费的流行趋势。它与一般空调比，有着高性能运转、舒适静音。节能环保、能耗低的显著特点，它的出现改善了人们的生活质量。日本作为变频空调强国，从20世纪80年代初开始到现在，变频空调已占其空调市场的90％左右。变频空调在我国发展速度相当快，不到8年时间就达到与日本先进水平同步。进入2000年，国内个别企业将直流变频技术与PAM控制技术结合应用，使空调完全进入变频空调的最高领域。它不仅使直流变频压缩机的优越性能充分发挥，更能利用数码特点，准确提高能效，达到节能51％的目的。1.4.2无氟空调的发展臭氧层破坏是当前全球面临的重大的环境问题之一，由于以前空调业所采用的传统制冷剂对臭氧层有破坏作用及产生温室效应，对大气造成破坏，因而无氟空调是众所期待的产品。近年来以海尔空调为代表的无氟空调的出现，标志着无氟空调时代的来临。1.4.3舒适性空调的发展健康是空调业发展的主题之一。以前的空调采用了多种健康技术，如负离子、离子集尘、多元光触媒等，这些技术的运用使空调产品的健康性能得到了极大提升。海尔空调把负离子、离子集尘、多元光触媒、双向换新风、健康除湿等领先技术在内的高科技手段组合起来使用，发挥了巨大的威力，而未来空调进步的一个方向也就是对各种技术的灵活使用。空调气流的舒适度是健康空调的另一个标准。传统空调的送风方式简单直吹人体，易引起伤风、感冒、头痛、关节痛等不舒适状态，因此新近推出的风可以从周围环绕，而不是对人直吹，通过改善空调送风的气流分布，令人感觉更舒适的空调——环绕立体送风、三维立体风健康空调成了热销产品也就不足为奇了。escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 1.4.4一拖多空调器的发展从一个侧面反映了我国居民居住环境的巨大变化，也为自身发展指明了方向。1993年以前，中国空调市场主要以一拖一为主，1993年海尔推出一拖二空调后，率先将空调业引入了一拖多时代。目前海尔一拖多空调产量突破了百万台足以证明其市场消费能力。海尔MRV网络变频一拖多中央空调的出现以及众多厂家的家用中央空调产品使得家庭中央空调迅速普及。1.4.5其它空调新技术的发展1）HEPA酶技术HEPA酶杀菌技术，对于0.3微米以上的粉尘吸附率可达99.9  ％，对结核菌、大肠菌等有害细菌具有高效杀菌能力，对霉菌的生长也有很强的抑制作用。2）冷触媒技术　　冷触媒这一技术采用日本专利，是一种低温低吸附的材料，根据吸附--催化原理，在常温下就能对甲醛等有害物质边吸附边分解成二氧化碳和水，这种触媒不需要再生，不需更换，使用寿命长达十年以上。3）体感温度控制技术　　智能装在遥控器上的感温元件，感知室内人们活动范围的温度，并将信息发射到主机接收器上，使主机随时调整运行状态，实现真正的体感温度控制自动化。4）人感控制技术　　人感控制技术利用双红外感应器控测人的方位，自动调节送风方向（左送风、中送风、右送风或全方位送风），风随人行。5）PTC电辅助加热技术　　PTC电辅助加热技术，可在超低温条件下迅速制热，效力强劲，安全可靠，可长期使用。总之，伴随着科技和社会的进步，节能、环保、健康、智能控制已成为空调发展的大趋势。2原始资料深圳某实业有限公司办公楼，地处广东省深圳市。深圳东邻大亚弯，南临香港新界，面积2020平方公里，地势南高北底，属亚热带气候，风清宜人，降水丰富。2.1气象参数深圳市室外气象参数escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 台站位置：北纬23˚30΄，东经113˚80΄，海拔92.2m大气压力：夏季100.34Kpa，冬季101.76Kpa空调温度：夏季33℃，冬季6℃相对湿度：夏季79%，冬季72%室外计算日平均温度：31.10℃室外平均风速：夏季2.1m/s，冬季3m/s2.2建筑概况及工况设定深圳某实业有限公司办公楼由商务办公、会议、培训等功能组成的综合楼，采用风机盘管加新风系统，这各层的布局基本相同。地上六层，一层高4.2m，二—六层高3.6m，总的建筑面积为640m2。整座大楼的餐厅、办公、会议等设半集中式的中央空调系统，并保持室内空气舒适新鲜。建筑面积为3535m2。空调设计面积为3000m2。该建筑物相关资料如下：（1）屋面保温材料为水泥膨胀珍珠岩50mm，卷材防水层5mm，水泥沙浆20mm，钢筋混凝土35mm，内粉刷20mm，通风层200mm。（2）外墙外墙为厚度为240mm的砖墙，墙外表面为水泥砂浆20mm，墙为厚为70mm的石膏板保温层，白灰内粉刷20mm。（3）外窗双层铝合金窗，玻璃为5mm厚的透明普通玻璃，内有白色帘（浅色）作为内遮阳，窗高1.8m。（4）人数人员数的确定是根据各房间的使用功能及使用单位提出的要求确定的。（5）照明、设备由建筑电气专业提供，照明设备为暗装荧光灯，镇流器设置在顶棚内，荧光灯罩无通风孔，功率为30w/m²。设备负荷为40w/m²。（6）空调使用时间办公楼空调每天使用10小时，即8：00～18：00。（7）动力与能源资料a.动力：工业动力电380V－50Hz；b.能源：由自备空调机房供给。2.3初步方案办公楼的外围护结构多为钢筋混凝土的框架结构,采用自重的轻型墙体材料escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 作为外围护结构。初步设定此办公楼采用风机盘管加新风系统，分成两个区（南区和北区）。因为办公室是间歇性使用，白天使用，晚上关闭，人员分布较平均，同时各房间冷热负荷并不相同需要进行个别的调节，导致热湿比不同，所以全空气系统并不适合。每层设有新风机组，可以由同层的新风机组送入室内，和风机盘管一起满足室内的冷热负荷。本系统管线不复杂，施工方便，夏季空调和冬季供暖同用一套系统，无论从经济、使用寿命，还是从美观、清洁的角度讲，该系统都很符合建筑用途的要求。二～六层办公室风机盘管加新风系统；厕所设置排风扇，保持厕所的相对负压，通过其他房间渗透补充厕所风量，再通过厕所风机排出，使厕所异味不能扩散至其他房间。正压控制的问题，为防止外部空气流入空调房间，设定保持室内5～10Pa正压，送风量大于排风量时，室内将保持正压。方案中的冷热源初选为风冷热泵型冷热水机组，最主要的决定因素是对象的使用功能和四周环境。办公楼无生活热水的需求，因而冬季的热负荷较小，加上冬季室外环境也不太恶劣，使用热泵完全可以满足要求，没有单独设置热源的必要。3空调系统的负荷计算为连续保持空调房间恒温、恒湿在某一时刻需向房间供应的冷量称为冷负荷；为维持室内相对湿度恒定需从房间去除的湿量成为湿负荷。房间冷、湿负荷也是确定空调系统送风量及各种设备容量的依据。空调房间或区域的夏季计算得热量，应根据下列各项确定：1．通过维护结构传入的热量；2．透过外窗进入的太阳辐射热量；3．人体散热量；4．照明散热量；5．设备、器具、管道及其他内部热源的散热量；6．食品或物料的散热量；7．渗透空气带入的热量；8．伴随各种散湿过程产生的潜热量。空调房间或者区域的夏季冷负荷，应根据各项得热量的种类性质以及空调房间或区域的蓄热特性进行分别计算。通过维护结构进入的不稳定传热量、透过外窗进入的太阳辐射热量、人体散热量以及非全天使用的设备、照明灯具的散热量escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 等形成的冷负荷，宜按不稳定传热方法计算确定，此空调工程设计采用冷负荷系数。空调房间或区域的夏季计算散湿量，应根据下列各项确定1．人体散湿量；2．渗透空气带入的湿量；3．化学反应过程的散湿量；4．各种潮湿表面、液面或液流的散湿量；5．食品或气体物料的散湿量；6．设备散湿量；7．通过维护结构的散湿量。确定散湿量时，应根据散湿源的种类，分别选用适宜的群集系数、负荷系数和同时使用系数，有条件时，应采用实测数值。一般民用建筑不计算上述第2项和第7项。3.1室内空调设计参数在进行空调设计时，无论是舒适性空调还是工艺性空调的设计，都应以人体的舒适感为确定室内设计条件的最基本要求。此外还应考虑经济方面的因素。在具体确定室内设计参数时，应根据不同建筑及房间使用或业主的使用标准要求，在所给范围内灵活选取。查《暖通空调》[1]表2-2得办公楼室内设计参数。表3—1办公楼室内设计参数名称季节温度(℃)湿度(%)人员密度照明标准设备标准展厅夏季25650.3400冬季1850接待厅夏季25650.3205冬季1850电教室夏季25650.3205冬季1850培训室夏季25650.3205冬季1850咖啡厅夏季25550.4100冬季2050escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 贵宾室夏季25550.2200冬季2050经理室夏季25550.11113冬季2045办公室夏季25550.11113冬季2045会议室夏季25650.3205冬季1850公司分部夏季25550.21113冬季2045厂部中心夏季25550.21113冬季2045商务中心夏季25550.21113冬季2045消防控制室夏季25550.21113冬季20453.2冷负荷计算3.2.1夏季冷负荷计算依据夏季空调冷负荷采用逐时冷负荷系数法（1）围护结构瞬变传热形成冷负荷的计算方法在日射和室外气温综合作用下，外墙和屋面瞬变传热引起的逐时冷负荷可按下式计算：（3-2-1）式中——外墙和屋面的传热引起的逐时冷负荷，；——外墙和屋面的面积，；td——地方温差修正值——外墙和屋面的传热系数，；——室内计算温度，；——外墙和屋面冷负荷计算温度的逐时值，。escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 （2）内维护结构冷负荷当邻室为通风良好的非空调房间时，通过内墙和楼板的温差传热而产生的冷负荷可按上式计算。当邻室有一定的发热量时，通过空调房间隔墙、楼板、内窗、内门等内维护结构的温差传热而产生的冷负荷，可视作稳定传热，不随时间而变化，可按下式计算：（3-2-2）式中——内维护结构（如内墙、楼板等）的传热系数，；——内维护结构的面积，；——夏季空调室外计算日平均温度，；——附加温升。（3）外玻璃窗瞬变传热下的冷负荷在室内外温差作用下，通过外玻璃窗瞬变传热引起的冷负荷可按下式计算：（3-2-3）式中cw——窗框修正系数；——外玻璃窗瞬变传热引起的冷负荷，W；——窗口面积，；——外玻璃窗传热系数，；——外玻璃窗的冷负荷温度的逐时值，；td——地点修正系数。（4）透过玻璃窗的日射得热引起的冷负荷的计算方法透过玻璃窗进入室内的日射得热引起的逐时冷负荷按下式计算：=CACDC（3-2-4）式中A——窗口面积，；C——有效面积系数C——窗玻璃冷负荷系数，无因次。（5）设备散热形成的冷负荷计算escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 设备和用具显热形成的冷负荷按下式计算：=C（3-2-5）式中）——设备和用具显热形成的冷负荷，W；——设备和用具的实际显热散热量，W；C——设备和用具显热散热冷负荷系数，如果空调系统不连续运行，则CLQ=1.0电子设备：（3-2-6）式中——电动设备的安装功率，kW；——内围护结构的传热系数，；——电动机效率；——利用系数，是电动机最大实效功率与安装功率之比，一般可取0.7～0.9，可用于反映安装功率的利用程度；——电动机负荷系数，定义为电动机每小时平均实耗功率与机器设计最大实耗功率之比，对计算机可取1.0，一般仪表取0.5～0.9；——同时使用系数，定义为室内电动机同时使用的安装功率与总安装功率之比，一般取0.5～0.8。（6）照明散热形成的冷负荷计算当电压一定时，室内照明散热量是不随时间变化的稳定散热量，但是照明散热方式仍以对流和辐射两种方式进行散热，因此照明散热形式的冷负荷计算仍采用相同的冷负荷系数。（3-2-7）式中——灯具散热形成的冷负荷，W；——照明灯具所需功率，kW；——镇流器消耗功率系数，当明装荧光灯的镇流器装在空调房escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 间内时，取=1.2；当暗装荧光灯镇流器装高在顶棚时，可取=1.0；——灯罩隔热系数，当荧光灯罩上部穿有小孔(下部为玻璃板)，可利用自然通风散热于顶棚内时，取=0.5～0.6；而荧光灯罩无通风孔者=0.6～0.8；——照明散热冷负荷系数。（7）人体散热形成的冷负荷计算室内人员显热散热形成的冷负荷，其计算公式为：（3-2-8）式中——人体显热散热形成的冷负荷，W；——不同室温和劳动性质成年男子显热散热量，W；——室内全部人数；——群集系数；——人体显热散热冷负荷系数。（8）夏季空调新风冷负荷Qc.o=Mo（ho—hR）（3-2-9）式中Qc.o——夏季新风冷负荷，kw；Mo——新风量，kg/s；ho——室外空气的焓值，kJ/kg；hR——室内空气的焓值，kJ/kg；3.2.2冷负荷的计算过程及结果以二楼左侧办公室202为例1.南外墙冷负荷由《暖通空调》[1]附录表2-4查得Ⅱ型外墙冷负荷计算温度，由公式（3-2-1）计算，将其逐时值及计算结果列入表3-2中。计算公式同上。escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 表3-2南外墙冷负荷时间8：009：0010：0011：0012：0013：0014：0015：0016：0017：0018：00tc(t)34.634.233.933.533.232.932.832.933.133.433.9td1.02kα1kβ0.94t，c(t)33.4833.1132.8232.4532.1731.8831.7931.8832.0732.3532.82tR25△t8.488.117.827.457.176.886.796.887.077.357.82K1.26A12.6134.67128.7124.23118.26113.78109.30107.81109.30112.29116.76124.23表3-3东外墙冷负荷时间8：009：0010：0011：0012：0013：0014：0015：0016：0017：0018：00tc(t)36.035.535.235.035.035.235.636.136.637.137.5td1.02kα1kβ0.94t，c(t)34.8034.3334.0533.8633.8634.0534.4234.8935.3635.8336.21tR25△t9.809.339.058.868.869.059.429.8910.3610.8311.21K1.26A6.369.6766.7164.9363.7563.7564.9367.3070.2673.2276.1878.55办公室内墙，通过温差传热产生冷负荷，可视作稳态传热，不随时间变化。查《实用供热空调设计手册》[2]表11.5-1得钢筋混凝土楼板的稳态传热系数为2.73W/m2℃。由于其地下室为制冷机房，产生一定的热量，由[4]表2-10查得附加升温△t=2℃。由内墙冷负荷计算公式（3-2-2）计算其冷负荷。=2.31（7.5+6）4（33+4-26）=1247.40Wescapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 2.南外窗瞬时传热冷负荷根据玻璃在=8.7w/()和=18.6w/()条件下，由[4]附录2-8查得=2.93w/()。在由附录2-9查得玻璃窗传热系数的修正值，对金属双层窗应乘1.2的修正系数。由附录2-10查得玻璃窗冷负荷计算温度，根据公式（3-2-3）计算，计算结果列入表2-4中。表3-4南外窗瞬时传热冷负荷时间8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018：00tc(τ)26.927.929.029.930.831.531.932.232.232.031.6td1t"c(τ)25.927.928.028.929.830.530.931.231.23130.6tR25.00△t0.92.933.94.85.55.96.26.265.6kw2.94Aw9Qc(t)23.8176.7379.38103.19127.01145.53156.11164.05164.05158.76148.18由《暖通空调》[1]附录2-15种查得双层钢窗有效面积系数=0.75，故钢窗的有效面积Aw=9×0.75=6.75。由[1]附录2-13查得遮挡系数=0.78，由[1]附录2-14中查得遮阳系数=0.5，于是综合遮阳系数=0.78×0.5=0.39。再由[1]附录2-12中查得纬度23.30时，南向日晒得热因数最大值Dj.max=174.00。因深圳地区北纬23.30，属于北区，故由[1]附录2-17查得北区由内遮阳的玻璃窗冷负荷系数逐时值。用公式(3-2-4)计算逐时进入玻璃窗日射得热引起的冷负荷，列入表3-5中表3-5南外窗透射得热引起的冷负荷时间8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:00escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 18：00CLQ0.260.400.580.0.720.840.800.620.450.320.240.16Cc.s0.39Dj.max174.00Aw6.75Qc(t)119.09183.22265.67329.80384.77366.44283.99206.12146.58109.9373.293.灯光冷负荷由于暗装荧光灯，故镇流器消耗功率系数n1取1.0。灯罩隔热系数取0.8。由[1]附录2-22得照明散热冷负荷系数，按公式（3-2-6）计算，其结果列入表3-6中。表3-6灯光冷负荷时间8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018：00CLQ0.680.860.890.900.910.910.920.930.940.0.950.95n11.00n20.80N673.2Qc(t)366.22463.16479.32484.70490.09490.09495.48500.86506.25511.63511.634.人体冷负荷由于办公室属极轻劳动。查[1]表2-13,当室温为25时，每人散发的显热和潜热量为65w和69w，由[1]表2-12查得群集系数为0.96，由《民用建筑空调设计》[3]表1.3-4查得办公类建筑室内人数为0.2人/m2。由此算得此办公室的人数为0.2×6×7.5≈9人。由[1]附录2-23查得人体潜热散热冷负荷系数逐时值。按式（3-2-7）计算人体显热散热逐时冷负荷，并列入表3-7中。人体潜热引起的冷负荷为潜热散热乘以群集系数，计算结果列入表2-7中。表3-7人员散热引起的冷负荷时间8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018：00CLQ0.530.620.690.740.770.800.830.850.870.890.42qs65n9j0.96escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 Q"c(t)297.65348.19387.50415.58432.43449.28466.13477.36488.59499.82235.87ql69Qc596.16合计893.81944.35983.661011.741028.591045.441062.291073.521084.751095.98832.03由于室内保持正压,高于大气压力，所以不需要考虑由室外空气渗透所引起的冷负荷。现将上述各项计算结果列入表3-8中，并逐时相加，以便求得室内冷负荷的最大值。表2-8各项逐时相加冷负荷总表时间8:009:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018：00南外窗传23.8176.7379.38103.19127.01145.53156.11164.05164.05158.76148.18南外窗透119.09183.22265.67329.80384.77366.44283.99206.12146.58109.9373.29南外墙134.67128.70124.23118.26113.78109.30107.81109.30112.29116.76124.23东外墙69.6766.7164.9363.7563.7564.9367.3070.2673.2276.1878.55内墙1247.401247.401247.401247.401247.401247.401247.401247.401247.401247.401247.40人员负荷893.81944.35983.661011.741028.591045.441062.291073.521084.751095.98832.03灯光负荷366.22463.16479.32484.70490.09490.09495.48500.86506.25511.63511.63总计2854.673110.273244.593358.843455.393469.133420.383371.513334.543316.643015.315.夏季空调新风冷负荷查[4]表11.1-6可知办公室人均新风量为20m3/h,由湿空气焓湿图查得：室内空气焓值为58.44kJ/kg(tR=25℃，=65%)；室外空气焓值为89.76kJ/kg（to=33.0℃，ts=27.9℃）.在1000.34Pa的焓湿图上，已知室外干球温度核、湿球温度可得出空气的比容为0.85m3/kg，则ma=20×43.2=0.0467kg/s将已知条件与计算条件代入式中，则有：=0.0467×（89.76-58.44）=1.703kW办公室的夏季设计负荷（不考虑风机和管道的温升所引起的冷负荷）=1.703+3.455=5.158kW其他房间计算方法大致相同,将其结果列入表3-8表3-8办公楼夏季负荷汇总表escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 房间编号计算面积计算人数房间面积指标负荷最大值出现的时刻H新风冷负荷冷负荷湿负荷m2个Wkg/hW/m2W10143.23040151.001492.9413:00257110243.23042301.001497.9216:00405910364.83059070.600891.1616:00473210464.83048581.001474.9717:00203010543.23039401.001491.2013:004059大厅南140.41580331.37357.229:004397大厅北74.41537931.089250.9810：00233020143.22025620.200359.3115：00170420243.22028620.200366.2516：00170420364.83059040.600891.1116：001033620464.82036430.300456.2210：00243420543.22025860.200359.869：001704大厅南53.281553180.49499.8115：001723大厅北74.41524960.689833.5516：00234930143.22041521.001496.1116：00375830243.22040861.001494.5817：00375830364.82072121.5021111.3017：00542930464.82052321.502180.749：00542930543.22041761.001496.6710：003550大厅南63.281563340.5867100.0916：002036大厅北74.41524960.689833.5516：00203640143.22030680.400671.0216：00316440243.22030830.400671.3710：00316440364.83056320.600886.919：00949340464.82037110.400657.2710：00486840543.22030920.400671.5716：003164大厅南63.281563340.5867100.0916：002036大厅北74.41524960.689833.5516：00234950143.24027570.200363.8210：00438150243.23037140.200385.979：00219150364.84051320.300479.2016：006328escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 50464.83036430.300456.2216：00328650543.24027810.200364.3816：004381大厅南63.281563340.5867100.0917：002036大厅北74.41524960.689833.5517：00203660143.22045001.0014104.1715：00375860243.22046901.0014108.5616：00375860364.82076001.5021117.2816：00542960464.82059001.502191.0516：00542960543.22043251.0014100.1216：003758大厅南53.381551450.52196.3817：001566大厅北74.41560210.726180.9317：002036合计243993018628930.25376.3916：00150737最大冷负荷出现在下午四点钟3.3热负荷的计算3.3.1冬季热负荷的计算依据冬季室内耗热量主要包括以下两个方面：1．维护结构基本耗热量及附加耗热量；2．外门、外窗的冷风渗透耗热量；冬季室内得热量主要来自以下三个方面：1．人体散热量；2．照明灯具散热量；3．设备散热量。冬季室内散湿量主要来自人体散湿量，热负荷的计算采用稳态计算法1.围护结构的热负荷围护结构的耗热量包括基本耗热量和附加耗热量两部分；围护结构的基本耗热量：Qj=Aj·Kj·(tR-to.w)·α（3-3-1）式中Qj——j部分围护结构的基本耗热量，W；Aj——j部分围护结构的表面积，m2；Kj——j部分围护结构的传热系数，W/(m2·℃)；tR——冬季室内计算温度，℃；escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 to.w——冬季室外空气计算温度，℃；α——围护结构的温差修正系数，见[1]第13页，表2-4；(1)朝向附加耗热量：朝向附加耗热量是考虑建筑物受太阳照射影响而对维护结构基本耗热量的修正。不同朝向的维护结构的修正率见表3-9。表3-9围护结构的朝向修正率朝向修正率北、东北、西北朝向00东、西朝向－5％东南、西南朝向－10％～－15％南向－15％～－25％(2)高度附加耗热量：由于室内温度梯度的影响，往往使房间上部的传热量加大。因此规定：当房间净高超过4米时，每增加1米，附加率为2％，但最大附加率不超过15％。应注意：高度附加率应加在基本耗热量和其他附加耗热量的总和上。(3)风力附加耗热量：风力附加耗热量是考虑室外风速变化而对维护结构基本耗热量的修正。在计算基本耗热量时，外表面换热系数是对应风速约为4m/s的计算值。我国大部分地区冬季平均风速为2～3m/s。因此《规范》规定，一般情况下，不必考虑风力附加。综合(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)通过维护结构的总耗热量可用下式综合表示：=(1＋Xg)×K×F×(tn–tw’)×(1+Xch+Xf)]其中：Xg——高度附加率，0≤Xg≤15％；Xch——朝向修正率，见表2－1；Xf——风力附加率，Xf≥0。2.冷风渗透耗热量在风力和热压造成的室内外压差作用下，室外的冷空气通过门、窗等缝隙渗入室内，被加热后逸出，此部分耗热量为冷风渗透耗热量。escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 为防止外界环境空气进入空调房间，干扰空调房间内温湿度变化而破坏室内洁净度，需要在空调系统中由一定量的新风来保持房间的正压。因此，空调房间冬季可以不考虑冷风渗透耗热量。故，在此空调设计设计中忽略此项。以202办公室为例，将计算结果列入下表：表3-10热负荷计算表围护结构传热系数室内外的计算温差温差修正系数基本耗热量耗热量修正名称及方向面积(m2)w/(m2.k)tR-to　　朝向修正率风力附加修正值修正后的热量高度附加南外墙21.60.62191254.452001305.340南外窗103.46191657.42001788.880西内墙25.922.421911191.80011191.80地面122.40.47191200.03001200.030地面214.40.2319162.92800162.9280地面36.40.1219114.59200114.5920房间热负荷（W）2563.57其他房间计算结果相同，计算结果列入下表：表3-11房间热负荷汇总表房间号100110021003100410051006100710081009热负荷4702568886136602194180511290房间号101010112001200220032004200520062007热负荷660296645025649802321183212640房间号200820093001300230033004300530063007热负荷83033540315982088980187211910房间号300830094001400240034004400540064007热负荷78135945017869802321183211910房间号400840095001500250035004500550065007热负荷78135976517861447980183247170房间号500850095010501160016002600360046005热负荷781359100095129332467339917872506房间号6006600760086009总热负荷76439热负荷22093851800857escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 空气调节系统方案及设备的选择4系统方案论证（1）建筑特点办公楼的外围护结构多为钢筋混凝土的框架结构,采用自重的轻型墙体材料作为外围护结构。大量采用玻璃幕墙,采用大面积单层玻璃幕墙加铝合金饰板作为高层写字楼外围护结构的主流,其玻璃幕墙主要为6mm或8mm厚度的热反射镀膜玻璃。办公楼由吊顶或架空地板形成办公自动化机器和通讯设备的线性空间，办公楼的净高为2.6m左右。（2）使用特点办公楼的使用性质与时间全楼大体一致,所以整幢楼可选择用同样的空调系统和设备,管理比较方便。办公楼一般采用集中或半集中空调系统。（3）办公楼空调系统注意事项a．分区问题：按建筑物分为内区和外区,也可以按朝向分或根据房间用途、标高低、负荷变化以及使用时间等特点划分系统。b．过度季节问题：过度季节外区可不用冷热源,但内区仍需要降温,这时应用室外空气直接进入内区降温,即节能又简单;或考虑采用一台小容量的制冷机。c．加班问题：个别办公楼或某层需要节假日加班,为此最好不要设太大的集中空调系统。d．特殊房间的个别控制问题：用风机盘管系统以便控制。4.1方案比较表4-1全空气系统与空气－水系统方案比较表[2]比较项目全空气系统空气－水系统设备布置与机房1．空调与制冷设备可以集中布置在机房2．机房面积较大层高较高3．有时可以布置在屋顶或安设在车间柱间平台上1．只需要新风空调机房、机房面积小2．风机盘管可以设在空调机房内3．分散布置、敷设各种管线较麻烦风管系统1．空调送回风管系统复杂、布置困难2．支风管和风口较多时不易均衡调节风量1．放室内时不接送、回风管2．当和新风系统联合使用时，新风管较小escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 节能与经济性1．可以根据室外气象参数的变化和室内负荷变化实现全年多工况节能运行调节，充分利用室外新风减少与避免冷热抵消，减少冷冻机运行时间2．对热湿负荷变化不一致或室内参数不同的多房间不经济3．部分房间停止工作不需空调时整个空调系统仍需运行不经济1．灵活性大、节能效果好，可根据各室负荷情况自我调节2．盘管冬夏兼用，内避容易结垢，降低传热效率3．无法实现全年多工况节能运行使用寿命使用寿命长使用寿命较长安装设备与风管的安装工作量大周期长安装投产较快，介于集中式空调系统与单元式空调器之间维护运行空调与制冷设备集中安设在机房便于管理和维护布置分散维护管理不方便，水系统布置复杂、易漏水温湿度控制可以严格地控制室内温度和室内相对湿度对室内温度要求严格时难于满足空气过滤与净化可以采用初效、中效和高效过滤器，满足室内空气清洁度的不同要求，采用喷水室时水与空气直接接触易受污染，须常换水过滤性能差，室内清洁度要求较高时难于满足消声与隔振可以有效地采取消防和隔振措施必须采用低噪声风机才能保证室内要求风管互相串通空调房间之间有风管连通，使各房间互相污染，当发生火灾时会通过风管迅速蔓延各空调房间之间不会互相污染表3-2风机盘管+新风系统的特点表[2]escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 优点1)布置灵活，可以和集中处理的新风系统联合使用，也可以单独使用2)各空调房间互不干扰，可以独立地调节室温，并可随时根据需要开停机组,节省运行费用，灵活性大，节能效果好3)与集中式空调相比不需回风管道，节约建筑空间4)机组部件多为装配式、定型化、规格化程度高，便于用户选择和安装5)只需新风空调机房，机房面积小6)使用季节长7)各房间之间不会互相污染缺点1)对机组制作要求高，则维修工作量很大2)机组剩余压头小室内气流分布受限制3)分散布置敷设各中管线较麻烦，维修管理不方便4)无法实现全年多工况节能运行调节5)水系统复杂，易漏水6)过滤性能差适用性适用于旅馆、公寓、医院、办公楼等高层多层的建筑物中,需要增设空调的小面积多房间建筑室温需要进行个别调节的场合表3-3风机盘管的新风供给方式表[2]供给方式示意图特点适用范围房间缝隙自然渗入1)无规律渗透风，室温不均匀2)简单、方便3)卫生条件差4)初投资与运用费用低5)机组承担新风负荷，长时间在湿工况下工作1)人少，无正压要求，清洁度要求不高的空调房间2)要求节省投资与运行费用的房间3)新风系统布置有困难或旧有建筑改造机组背面墙洞引入新风1)新风口可调节，冬、夏季最小新风量；过渡季大新风量2)随新风负荷变化，室内直接受影响3)初投资与运行费节省同上房高为6m以下的建筑物escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 4)须作好防尘、防噪声、防雨、防冻措施5)机组长时间在湿工况下工作单设新风系统，独立供给室内1)单设新风机组，可随室外气象变化进行调节，保证室内湿度与新风量要求2)投资大3)占有空间多4)新风口尽量紧靠风机盘管，为佳要求卫生条件严格和舒适的房间，目前最常采用此方式单设新风系统供给风机盘管1)单设新风机组，可随室外气象变化进行调节，保证室内湿度与新风量要求2)投资大3)新风按至风机盘管，与回风混合后进入室内，加大了风机风量，增加噪声要求卫生条件严格的房间，目前较少采用此种方式本设计为办公楼的空调系统设计，系统的选定应注意档次和安全的要求，按负担室内空调负荷所用的介质来分类可选择四种系统——全空气系统、空气—水系统、全水系统、冷剂系统。全空气系统分一次回风式系统和二次回风式系统，该系统是全部由处理过的空气负担室内空调冷负荷和湿负荷；空气—水系统分为再热系统和诱导器系统并用、全新风系统和风机盘管机组系统并用；全水系统即为风机盘管机组系统，全部由水负担室内空调负荷，在注重室内空气品质的现代化建筑内一般不单独采用，而是与新风系统联合运用；冷剂系统分单元式空调器系统、窗式空调器系统、分体式空调器系统，它是由制冷系统蒸发器直接放于室内消除室内的余热和余湿。对于较大型公共建筑，建筑内部的空气品质级别要求较高，全水系统和冷剂系统只能消除室内的余热和余湿，不能起到改善室内空气品质的作用，所以全水系统和冷剂系统在本次的建筑空调设计时不宜采用。终上所述，拟采用风机盘管加新风系统，风机盘管的新风供给方式用单设新风系统，独立供给室内。4.2方案的确定本办公楼采用风机盘管加新风系统，分成两个区（南区和北区）。因为办公escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 室是间歇性使用，白天使用，晚上关闭，人员分布较平均，同时各房间冷热负荷并不相同需要进行个别的调节，导致热湿比不同，所以全空气系统并不适合。每层设有新风机组，可以由同层的新风机组送入室内，和风机盘管一起满足室内的冷热负荷。　　风机盘管空调方式，这种方式风管小，可以降低房间层高，但维修工作量大，如果水管漏水或冷水管保温不好而产生凝结水，对线槽内的电线或其它接近楼地面的电器设备是一个威胁，因此要求确保管道安装质量。风机盘管加新风系统占空间少，使用也较灵活，但空调设备产生的振动和噪音问题需要采取切实措施予以解决。对于该系统所存在的缺点，可在设计当中根据具体的问题予以解决和弥补。冷热源由风冷冷热水机组提供。夏季供水/回水温度为7/12℃，冬季供水/回水温度为45/40℃。该工程水系统采用双管制、水平同程式、垂直议异程式、一次泵定水量系统。系统新风由分层设置的新风机组供给，风机盘管只承担房间冷负荷，新风负荷由新风机组承担。采用该系统的理由如下：1.选择双管制水系统的理由：在风机盘管水系统中，由一条供水管和一条回水管构成的水系统称为双管制水系统。供水管根据房间负荷要求向房间提供冷冻水或热水。由于其系统简单，初投资低，是目前我国绝大多数高层民用建筑中采用的空调水系统方式。其特点如下：(1)该系统简单明了，冬夏季转换分明，转换阀既可以手动也可以电动，管理起来方便；(2)该系统投资节省，管道、附件及保温材料的初投资也较少，占用的建筑空间和建筑面积都较少，者也是它能得到广泛应用的一个重要理由；(3)末端设备为冷热两用的盘管，其控制也比较方便，末端设备的投资和机房的面积均可减少。2.选用同程式系统的原由：水力计算时同程系统各个环路易于平衡，水力失调较轻，而且布置管道妥当时耗费管材不多。方案中的冷热源从开始就选择为风冷热泵机组，这是由多方面因素决定的。最主要的决定因素是对象的使用功能和四周环境。办公楼无生活热水的需求，因而冬季的热负荷较小，加上冬季室外环境也不太恶劣，使用热泵完全可以满足要求，没有单独设置热源的必要。另一个考虑因素与深圳地区的能源价格及政策有关。如果白天用电高峰的电价与晚间的低谷电价差距更大的话，为办公楼空调这种典型的可以“移峰填谷”的场所添加相应的蓄冷设备将具有很高的可行性。这不仅可以减少运行费，由于可大幅降低初期的冷热源容量，还能节约不少初投资。但相关资料中的统计分析，由于在深圳地区低谷电的价格优势不明显，节省的电费无法抵消其增加设备的初投资，得出采用蓄冷技术不经济的结论。此外，建筑形式对冷热源选择的影响也不能忽视。由于没有地下室水冷机房，escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 同时顶层有较大空间及专门的空调水泵房，这种建筑布局完全是为风冷机组安排的。最后还要考虑业主的需求。由于深圳经济发达的原因，地价节节上升，使得建筑师及业主对于空调占地特别重视。如果使用风冷热泵，不仅可以省去了与冷水机组及其对应的冷却塔及冷却水循环泵的占地，还能充分利用原本一般闲置的屋面空间，因而业主对于办公楼也偏向于选择风冷热泵作为冷热源。综合以上方面因素，在附近无集中热水或蒸汽源的情况下，决定选择风冷热泵作为冷热源。4.3.1风机盘管机组的结构和工作原理风机盘管机组是空调机组的末端机组之一,就是将通风机、换热器及过滤器等组成一体的空气调节设备。机组一般分为立式和卧式两种,可以按室内安装位置选定,同时根据室内装修要求可做成明装或暗装。风机盘管通常与冷水机组(夏)或热水机组(冬)组成一个供冷或供热系统。风机盘管是分散安装在每一个需要空调的房间内(如宾馆的客房、医院的病房、写字楼的各写字间等)。风机盘管机组中风机不断循环所在房间内的空气和新风，使空气通过供冷水或供热水的换热器被冷却或加热，以保持房间内温度。在风机吸风口外设有空气过滤器，用以过滤被吸入空气中的尘埃，一方面改善房间的卫生条件，另一方面也保护了换热器不被尘埃所堵塞。换热器在夏季可以除去房间的湿气，维持房间的一定相对湿度。换热器表面的凝结水滴入接水盘内，然后不断地被排入下水道中。由于本系统采用风机盘管+新风系统，有独立的新风系统供给室内新风，即把新风处理到室内参数，不承担房间负荷。这种方案既提高了该系统的调节和运转的灵活性，且进入风机盘管的供水温度可适当提高，水管结露现象可以得到改善。机组由风机、电动机、盘管、空气过滤器、室温调节装置及箱体等组成(见图4-1)。escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 图4-1风机盘管机组构造图4.3.2风机盘管的系统设计风机盘管机组设计的首要任务实选择风机盘管的形式。风机盘管的形式有：卧式明装、卧式暗装、立式明装、立式暗装等。本办公楼选用卧式暗装在吊顶内，其主要优点是不占用房间的有效空间，冷冻水的配管与其连接和凝结水的排出都比较方便。风机盘管的形式确定之后，就是具体型号的选择。风机盘管机组的型号根据房间所要求的冷量与风量确定，之后再对热量进行校核。风机盘管有三档风量可供选用，我国设计人员习惯按中速参数选择，因为，首先，我国行业标准<<风机盘管机组>>规定，名义风量（样本上给出的风量）是在盘管不同水，空气进出口静压为零的特定工况下进行测定的，在湿工况下运行，会使风机盘管出力不足。其次，在实际使用中，风机盘管特别是暗装风机盘管要加进风口、回风口、过滤器、短风管等，加上过滤器渡堵塞、风机盘管表面积灰等诸多因素的影响，使得风机盘管的空气侧阻力增大，导致风量减小。如果按照高档进行选择，就会因风量的不足而导致冷、热量的不足。目前，国产风机盘管样本上的冷量都是按标准测定的，冷量的标准工况是：室内空气干球温度室内空气干球温度：27，室内空气湿度，冷冻水初温，供回水温差。在实际工程中，表冷器都是在非工况下运行的，此时可通过简单的计算近似求出非标准状况下表冷器所能提供的冷量。4.3.3各房间送风状态的确定风机盘管加新风系统的空气处理方式有:1）新风处理到室内状态的等焓线，不承担室内冷负荷escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 ，新风单独送入室内，但是新回风的混合状态点很难确定，可能会室内相对湿度过高，太高就不能满足舒适的要求了。2）新风处理到室内状态的等含湿量线，新风机组承担部分室内冷负荷，新风的这种处理方案的优点是：a.盘管表面干燥，无霉菌滋生条件，卫生条件好；b.制冷系数高，能效底；缺点是c.冷冻水系统比较复杂d.信风系统的冷却设备因负荷增加而需要加大规格e.风机盘管可能出现不希望的湿工况。3）新风处理到焓值小于室内状态点焓值,新风机组不仅承担新风冷负荷，还承担部分室内显热冷负荷和全部潜热冷负荷，风机盘管仅承担一部分室内显热冷负荷，可实现等湿冷却，可改善室内卫生和防止水患。4）新风处理到室内状态的等温线风机盘管承担的负荷很大，特别是湿负荷很大，造成卫生问题和水患。5）新风处理到室内状态的等焓线，并与室内状态点直接混合进入风机盘管处理，这种方式室内风口布置均匀，施工方便，美化环境。风机盘管处理的风量比其它方式大，不易选型。此空调工程设计风机盘管的新风供给方式，采用与回风混合再处理到送风状态点送入室内，新风处理到室内状态的等焓线，不承担室内冷负荷方案。5送风量计算5.1送风量的计算公式人体散湿量　　　　　　　　mw1=0.278nφg×10-6　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（5-1-1）式中mw1——人体散湿量，kg/s；g——成年男子的小时散湿量，g/h，见[1]表2-13；n——室内全部人数；φ——群集系数，见[1]表2-12。室内湿负荷Mw=mw1（kg/s）；热湿比ε=Qc/Mw(kJ/kg)；（5-1-2）送风量Ms=Qc/（hR-hs）（5-1-3）式中Ms——送风量，kg/s；escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 Qc——室内全热冷负荷，kw；hR、hs——分别为室内空气和送风的比焓，kJ/kg；5.2送风量的计算过程及结果以101接待室为例1)空气处理方案及有关参数的查取采用新风直入式空气处理方式，新风机组不承担室内负荷，出于降低空调投资和节能等方面的考虑,一般商场空气处理均不设再热器，因而室内的相对湿度往往会超过规范所要求的数值。空气处理方案过程线如下图：图5-1空气处理方案过程图(1)确定室内状态点R。根据夏季室内温度tR=25，相对湿度=65%的要求，确定室内空气状态点R，并差h-d图得到，室内焓值hR=58.44kJ/Kg。(2)做热湿比线。根据计算出的室内冷负荷Q=5.029KW，湿负荷S=0.000278Kg/s,计算热湿比=5.029/0.000278=18089kJ/Kg。确定送风状态点S。(3)确定送风状态点S。本系统拟采用表冷器作为降温去湿的空气处理设备，以空气处理到=95%的机器露点（风机温升在此设计中过小，故不在考虑之中）与热湿比线相交，此点即为点S，并由此得到:送风点S的参数=17.47,=51.9kJ/Kg,=12.75g/kg。escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 (4)计算房间的总送风量G。计算热量平衡和湿量平衡，可得：G=Q/(hR-hs)=5.029/(58.44-51.9)=0.56(kg/s)=1344.48(m3/h)G=s/(dR-ds)=1000×0.124/(14.97-12.66)=0.55(kg/s)=1342.57(m3/h)按照消除余热和余湿所求通风量相同，说明计算无误。其他房间的计算方法如上,其数据列与下表表5-1送风量的计算与校核房间编号冷负荷w湿负荷J/kg热湿比kJ/kg送风点焓值kJ/kg室外焓值kJ/kg送风量Kg/s送风量m3/h10150291.001414433.7958.4454.700.771450.0010242301.001415206.7158.4455.330.651550.0010359070.600835394.8153.2550.850.982461.2510448581.001417464.3558.4455.800.832084.5610549701.001414164.1758.4454.890.881430.00大厅南80331.37321062.4958.4456.011.323302.14大厅北37931.089212536.5458.4455.360.491230.1620125620.200346046.9353.2549.920.31768.6020228620.200351438.8453.2549.950.35868.1120359040.600835376.8358.4456.040.982460.8020436430.300443657.7953.2549.900.431087.4720525860.200346478.2853.2549.920.31775.80大厅南53180.49438754.6658.4452.060.33833.63大厅北24960.689813026.3858.4455.410.33822.8630141521.001414926.3058.4455.570.581448.3830240861.001414689.0458.4455.560.571417.1130372121.502117284.6058.4455.691.052622.5430452321.502112539.2558.4455.360.681696.87escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 30541761.001415012.5858.4455.570.581456.74大厅南63340.586738865.5258.4451.670.37936.22大厅北24960.689813026.3858.4455.410.33822.8640130680.400627570.6453.2549.700.35864.2340230830.400627705.4453.2549.700.35868.4540356320.600833747.0053.2549.800.651632.4740437110.400633348.9853.2550.170.481205.3940530920.400627786.3253.2549.700.35870.98大厅南63340.586738865.5258.4451.550.37919.38大厅北24960.689813026.3858.4455.410.33822.8650127570.200349551.6753.2550.460.40989.5350237140.200366751.8753.2550.020.461148.6650351320.300461502.0053.2550.000.631579.0850436430.300443657.7953.2549.900.431087.4750527810.200349983.0353.2550.360.38961.93大厅南63340.586738865.5258.4451.990.39982.04大厅北24960.689813026.3858.4455.410.33822.8660145001.001416177.3558.4455.870.781750.0060246901.001416860.4058.4455.670.681695.1860376001.502118214.5058.4455.781.212854.0060459001.502114140.2058.4455.510.802011.0460543251.001415548.2358.4450.390.781679.00大厅南51450.52135550.8658.4451.240.862143.75大厅北60210.726129852.0958.4451.090.982457.55合计18628930.2525.1560871.915.3风机盘管及新风机组的选择escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 以101接待室为例：所选的风机盘管要求当进水温度为7℃时，进风参数DB/WB=25/17.6℃，LF=1345m³/h，QF=7435W。根据所需风量及中等风速选型原则，选用山东凌顿人工环境一台，其中档制冷量为8.745，风量为1350，满足要求。用同样方法确定其他房间风机盘管型号,见下表:表5-2风机盘管参数表风量冷量热量电机功率水流量水阻力数量高速中速低速高速中速低速高速中速低速台160013501150850075006500127501125098001401600373714001250105071006600570011800980089001251400312212501050900660058005009900870075009612503161000850720530046004100795068005150801000302表5-2各房间风机盘管汇总表房间冷负荷送风量台数型号Wm3/h冷量（W）风量（m3/h)选台10150291344.48750013501FP-1610248211550.00750013501FP-1610359072461.25750013502FP--1610454932084.56660012502FP-1410550811430.00750013501FP-16大厅南80333302.14750013504FP-16大厅北37931230.16660012502FP-142012562768.60750013501FP-162022862868.11750013501FP-1620359042460.80750013502FP--1620436431087.47660012502FP-142052586775.80750013501FP-16大厅南5318833.6346008502FP-16escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 大厅北2496822.86660012502FP-1430141521448.38750013501FP-1630240861417.11750013501FP-1630372122622.54750013502FP--1630452321696.87660012502FP-1430541761456.74750013501FP-16大厅南6334936.22580010502FP-16大厅北2496822.86660012502FP-144013068864.23750013501FP-164023083868.45750013501FP-1640356321632.47750013502FP--1640437111205.39660012502FP-144053092870.98750013501FP-16大厅南6334919.38580010502FP-16大厅北2496822.86660012502FP-145012757989.53750013501FP-1650237141148.66750013501FP-1650351321579.08750013502FP--1650436431087.47660012502FP-145052781961.93750013501FP-16大厅南6334982.04580010502FP-16大厅北2496822.86660012502FP-1460145001750.00750013501FP-1660246901695.18750013501FP-1660376002854.00750013502FP--1660459002011.04660012502FP-1460543251679.00750013501FP-16大厅南51452143.75750013504FP-16大厅北60212457.55660012502FP-14由上面所选风机盘管，可知所选设备很明显超过室内满负荷，可以通过，盘管水路和风阀的高中低档自动控制使室内空气参数达到业主要求。经多方面考虑，决定各层新风供给方式划分南北两区，在根据各区的新风量和信风进行新风机组的选择，将其结果列入表5-3。表5-3新风机组选型表escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 楼层空调分区新风量m3/h新风负荷KW型号额定风量m3/h冷量KW盘管数量电机功率KW水流量Kg/h水压降Kpa余压Pa一层南区1345.412.23XFJD-1.5-6150012.96排0.451.9640150北区1348.712.46XFJD-1.5-6150012.96排0.451.9640150二层南区1280.712.01XFJD-1.5-6150012.96排0.451.9640150北区824.67.17XFJD-1-410007.64排0.20.8824130三层南区1335.512.13XFJD-1.5-6150012.96排0.451.9640150北区1155.711.01XFJD-1.5-6150012.96排0.451.9640150四层南区1420.313.75XFJD-1.5-6150012.96排0.451.9640150北区943.48.09XFJD-1-410007.64排0.20.8824130五层南区1255.811.89XFJD-1.5-6150012.96排0.451.9640150北区825.87.23XFJD-1-410007.64排0.20.8824130六层南区1410.913.45XFJD-1.5-6150012.96排0.451.9640150北区1245.411.88XFJD-1.5-6150012.96排0.451.96401506空调风系统风机盘管加新风空调系统属于半集中式空调系统。风机盘管直接设置在空调房间内，对室内回风进行处理；新风则由新风机组集中处理后通过新风管道送入室内。空调的冷量或热量由空气和水共同承担，所以属于空气—水系统。它以投资少、使用灵活性高等优点，被广泛应用于各种建筑之中，尤其是旅店客房、办公楼等建筑。1）通风管道的设计原则通风管道的设计应在保证使用效果的前提下使其投资和运行费用最低。同时还应该和建筑设计密切配合，作到协调和美观。在此空调工程设计中，风系统水力计算主要包括以下几个方面：(1).定风管和风口的位置，风口的气流组织形式。(2).风管及风口的选择。(3).计算风管的水力损失，计算各支管的阻力平衡，以及风管的沿程损失，校合风机能否将风送到各个风管的尽头。2）通风管道的选择与制作escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 1、通风管道的选择在风管的选择上，圆风管的强度虽大，耗钢量虽小，但占有有效空间较大，不易布置且不美观。矩形风管由于容易布置，多用于明装和管道布置复杂的地点。矩形风管中，方形风管阻力较小，耗钢量小。采用矩形风管时，宽高比应小于3为宜。风管材料应考虑适合和经济，内部光滑，易于安装，就地取材等因素。在本设计中，选用镀锌钢板制作的矩形风管。2、通风管道的制作风管用镀锌钢板制作，其厚度按照《通风与空调工程施工及验收规范》（GB50243-97）的要求选取。由于矩形风管占有效空间比较小，易于布置，明装较美观等特点，故采用矩形风管。风管里的风速规定：主干管≤8m/s支管≤6m/s6.1空调房间气流组织一般来说，室内空气状态的分布取决于送、排风方式所组织起来的室内气流组织分布情况，合理的气流组织形式可以提高空调系统的使用效果。只有合理的气流组织才能充分发挥送风的冷却和加热作用，均匀的移出室内热量和冷量，并能更有地排除有害物和悬浮在空气中的粉尘。此空调工程中设计各房间气流组织除大厅侧送侧回送风方式以外，其他均采用散流器上送上回方式。散流器出口的空气以一定的夹角喷射出，在起始段不断卷吸周围空气而扩大，当相邻的射流搭接后，气流呈向下流动模式，具有一定的扩散能力；各办公室房间则采用双层活动百叶风口侧送风，具有一定的导向功能。室内温湿度参数冬季供暖18℃，φ=40%；夏季空调26℃，φ=65%，房间送风高度不大于2.8米，设计的空调系统为舒适性空调，根据《实用供热空调设计手册》[2]表11.9-1中所示气流组织的基本要求。6.1.1气流组织计算空调房间的气流分布对房间内空气的温度、湿度、洁净度和气流速度是否处于合理的数值范围内起着很大的作用。（1）散流器上送上回以101接待室为例确定送风形式。本办公室采用上送上回形式，送风为散流器平送。escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 图6-1散流器上送上回确定风口形式和尺寸，查取、.拟采用方形散流器，查《高层建筑供暖通风与空调设计》[3]表5-12得=1，=0.88（）。(1)计算射流长度。射流长度的计算公式如下：式中——工作区水平方向的边界，；——表示离墙0.5不保证区，；——房间高度，；——工作区高度，；——风口中心距离顶棚的距离，。设吊顶距离地面3.6，即=3.6，在此处可忽略不计，且是大厅，大部分风口不存在0.5不保证区，根据风口的布风口的布置情况(各方向每隔4.4布置一散流器)而定，此处为1.5，所以=1.5-0.5+(3.6-2)=2.6()(2)确定送风口的数量。根据房间尺寸，计划采用4个散流器。则每个散流器的送风量为1550/4=387.5，出风口风速初选定为3，则，查《高层建筑供暖通风与空调设计》[3]表5-11，选散流器的尺寸为，则实际出口风速。(3)求修正系数。escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 1）受限修正系数。查《高层建筑供暖通风与空调设计》[3]图5-5，得2）射流重合的修正系数。查《高层建筑供暖通风与空调设计》[3]图5-5，得=1.163）非等温的影响修正系数。因是散流器平送，故不考虑非等温的影响，取=1。(6)计算。由轴心温度公式，得轴心fengsu不大于设计值，说明满足要求。(7)计算轴心温差。由式得()计算结果说明轴心温度对于舒适型空调满足要求。(8)校核贴附长度。式中贴附的射流长度满足要求。注：其它房间气流组织与以上房间相似，故不多赘叙。每个房间所使用散流escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 器的详细规格列于图纸上。（2）双层百叶风口侧送上回、(1)以一层大厅为例进行计算，气流组织形式如下图：图6-1双层百叶风口侧送上回在墙一侧靠顶棚安装风管，风口离墙为0.5m，则射流的实际射程为x=7.3-0.5-0.5=6.3m。设Δtx=1℃，Δtx/Δts=1/6=0.167，查相关资料可得射流最小相对射程x/d0=16.6。选用双层百叶风口，由最小相对射程求得送风口最大直径d0，max=6/16.6≈0.4m，则选风口尺寸为：1200x200mm，当量直径为：0.376m，额定风量：570m3/h，风机盘管安装高度为3米。风口的出口速度V0V0=V/Ψ×A0×n=0.16/0.8×0.4×0.15×1=3.3m/s允许最大出风速度V0，maxV0，maxs=0.29×A0.5/d0=0.29×(3×3.5)1/2/0.276=3.4m/s>3.3m/s所选风口达到回流区速度<0.2m/s。阿基米德数：Ar=g×d0×Δts/(v02×Tr)escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 =9.81×0.276×8/[(3.3)2×(273+26)]=6.6×10-3可查表的相对贴附射程为27，因此贴附射程为24×0.276=6.6m>6.3m。满足要求。6.2风管水力计算风管水力计算采用假定流速法，其阻力主要有两部分组成，即沿程阻力和局部阻力。沿程阻力∆Pm=Rm×l(6-1-1)局阻Z=∑ζ×0.5ρ(6-1-2)总阻力∆P=∆Pm+Z(6-1-3)ζ—局部阻力系数ρ—管道内空气密度v—管道内气体流速a—管段截面宽度b—管段截面高度由《实用通风空调风道计算方法》[5]附录1查得局部阻力系数：风量调节阀：0.28突扩：0.54弯头：0.2渐缩：0.3590Y型分流三通：0.12（1）新风管的水力计算escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 图6—1一楼新风管布置简图表6—1一楼新风管水力计算表管段编号风量Lm3/s假定流速m/s断面尺寸a×b当量直径管长L实际流速v比摩阻Rm沿程阻力∆Pm局阻系数ζ局阻总阻力Z总阻力mmDemm/sPa/mPaPaPa1-21345.44500×2000.341.463.7370.500.737.9466.53867.272-2′246.23200×2000.220.411.7100.2990.120.000.0000.122-2〞106.33200×2000.221.0540.7380.0170.020.000.0000.022-3994.44500×2000.344.812.7620.2251.084.1018.76919.853-3′106.33200×2000.220.410.7380.0170.010.000.0000.013-4888.44400×2000.305.033.0850.3221.627.8844.98946.614-4′111.63200×2000.220.410.7750.0180.010.000.0000.014-4〞388.43200×2000.221.0542.6970.3350.350.000.0000.354-5388.43320×2000.275.241.6860.1280.673.686.2756.945-5′194.23200×2000.220.411.3490.0940.040.000.0000.045-5〞194.23200×2000.223.6181.3490.0940.343.483.7984.14南区总阻力145.366-71320.54500×2000.341.463.7370.500.737.9466.53867.277-7′234.33200×2000.220.411.7100.2990.120.000.0000.12escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 7-7′106.33200×2000.221.0540.7380.0170.020.000.0000.027-8979.94500×2000.344.812.7620.2251.084.1018.76919.858-8′106.63200×2000.220.410.7380.0170.010.000.0000.018-9882.34400×2000.305.033.0850.3221.627.8844.98946.619-9′111.63200×2000.220.410.7750.0180.010.000.0000.019-9〞388.33200×2000.221.0542.6970.3350.350.000.0000.359-10388.33200×2000.275.241.6860.1280.673.686.2756.94北区总阻力141.18其他楼层计算方法同上，其中2层、4层、5层北区新风机组余压不够，所以将其更换XFJD-1.5-6，经校正合格。（2）各房间风管的水力计算以101接待室为例：表6-2房间的风管流程图表6—2101办公室风管水力计算表管段编号风量Lm3/s假定流速m/s断面尺寸a×b当量直径管长L实际流速v比摩阻Rm沿程阻力∆Pm局阻系数ζ局阻总阻力Z总阻力mmDemm/sPa/mPaPaPa11344.4831440×1500.342.0241.7290.1540.3120.891.5931.9052336.123400×1500.220.781.5560.1680.131　00.1313336.123400×1500.220.781.5560.1680.131　00.1314672.243800×1500.341.8441.5560.140.2580.290.4210.6795336.123400×1500.220.781.5560.1680.131　00.1316336.123400×1500.300.781.5560.1680.131　00.131escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 小计3361.26.9881.0941.182.0143.108风机的余压大于3.108+0.5×0.225×（1.7292+4×1.5562）=4.537空调水系统在空调设计当中，水系统通常包括两套系统：空调水系统和冷却水系统，集中的空调机房对分散的空调用户供应冷热量时，常以水作为传递冷热量的介质，通过水泵和管道输送出去，使用后的回水又经过管道返回空调机组中。如此循环而构成一个空调水系统。在得出最终设计方案之前，首先必须确定水系统的具体形式。这是必须在排除其他形式水系统可行性后才能得出的结论。分析如下：首先排除定水量系统。“末端与机组端都定水量，仅通过机组的台数调节适应负荷变化（即定水量系统）”的控制方式在此不作考虑，因为这必将造成供水温度升高（夏季工况），末端除湿能力降低。我接下来主要分析变水量水系统。在变水量水系统中，末端设备根据室内温度等参数改动电动两通阀开度控制通过盘管的水量，实现末端变水量。而冷水机组侧的水量应为定水量。因为对于冷水机组来说，冷冻水流量的减小是相当危险的。在蒸发器管要保证恒定的水流量（在较小的范围内波动），以确保蒸发器管内水流速的均匀。如果流量减少，必然造成水流速不均匀，尤其是在一些转弯（如封头）处更容易使流速减慢甚至形成不流动的“死水”，低速水流极易产生冻结的情况，从而对冷水机组造成破坏。为了实现末端变水量，机组侧定水量，一般有两种方式：一次泵变水量系统或两次泵变水量系统。对于一次泵变水量系统，机组的总制冷量及末端总供水量的的循环都由一次泵保证，机组与水泵一一对应，连锁启闭，制冷量与供水量只能成比例调节。但实际末端的冷量变化与所需冷冻水供水量的变化却不是线性的，一般水量需求的减少大于冷量需求的减少。若按水量需求关掉一台或更多机组及其对应水泵，必定无法满足末端的冷量需求，这时一般不能关闭机组及其对应水泵，结果造成水泵能耗浪费（通过压差旁通短路）。若水量需求的减少已经大于压差旁通的调节能力（一台泵的流量），而冷量需求的减少在此时仍未达到一台机组的制冷量时，由于旁通阀无法继续开大，水泵也无法关闭，供回水压差增大，末端水量下降至小于需求量，水泵工作点发生偏移（扬程上升，流量下降），流量减小到一定程度，将导致机组自动保护性停机。二次泵变水量水系统能很好地适应末端水量与冷量的非线性变化。其冷量的调节执行机构－机组的启闭由用户侧所需的冷量决定，通过供回水管上的温度传感其及流量传感器计算出用户侧所需的冷量，从而决定机组及其配备初级泵的连escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 锁启停，一台初级泵保证一台机组的恒定水量；供水量调节的执行机构－次级泵的台数控制则由次级泵两端的压差旁通阀（流量为一台二次泵的流量）来掌握；初级及次级泵循环之间的流量差异从平衡管中流过。二次泵变水量系统相对与一次泵变水量系统往往可以节省一台次级泵的能耗，这对于占空调总能耗15%～20%的高层建筑空调系统来说还是很可观的，因而个人认为二次泵系统所增加的初投资相对于长期运行时的收益来说还是很小的，在泵房面积允许的情况下，应该大力提倡。当然，还是要基于具体情况的经济性分析结果，因为扬程降低后的初级泵与次级泵的串联的综合效率一般低于一台一次泵，可能存在增加初投资后回收年限大于设备本身使用寿命的情况，要具体情况具体分析。对于本设计，决定采用一次泵变水量系统。其变水量通过压差旁通结合水泵的台数控制来实现。靠改变压差旁通阀控制的压差旁通管的流量来适应末端负荷负荷的变化，减少热泵的能耗。当压差旁通阀的流量达到设计工况下一台水泵的流量时，综合考虑热能表中显示的各热泵总能耗后可以考虑关掉一台水泵及其对应热泵，从而进一步达到节约水输送能耗的目的。鉴于冷冻水通过水泵时温度会有所提高，将热泵机组放在水泵之后，使回水先进水泵再进热泵机组，这样有利于保证恒定的供水温度。由于机组放在屋顶，热泵机组的承压能力只考虑水泵扬程（初步估计时以18m计），经校验，热泵机组承压能力足够。水泵与热泵的连接形式采用分别并联后再串联，因为采用此方式后可使布管简单有序。需注意的问题是：各热泵机组水量在初步调试中应进行调整，以保证每台机组的水量符合设计要求。1）水系统的选择根据供回水方式的不同，空调水系统有重力式和压力式两种，本设计采用压力式，为封闭式供回水系统。封闭式供回水系统中，空调水从末端装置（在本设计中为风机盘管或吊顶风柜）后，利用剩余压力经回水管回到空调水泵，经水泵加压通过空调机组降温或升温后再经过供水管回到空调末段装置使用，如此形成一个封闭的循环系统。闭式系统中的空调水不与大气相接触，仅在系统的最高处设膨胀水箱，管路系统不易产生污垢和腐蚀，无须克服系统静水压头，水泵能耗相对较少。本设计中，水系统采用双管制。在水管布置上，采用同程式和异程式相结合系统，在同一层楼中采用水平同程系统，在层与层的立管上采用异程系统。同程系统的特点在于供回水的水流方向相同，经过每一环路的管路长度相等，优点在于水量分配和调节方便，易于实现水利平衡。而异程系统的供回水的水流方向相反，经过每一环路的管路长度不相等，优点在于不需要单独设置回水管，管路长escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 度较短，管路简单，初投资缴低，但是水量分配和调节困难，不容易实现水力平衡。因此在本设计中，立管干管上采用异程系统，在同一层楼中采用同程系统。为了实现水力平衡，在立管进入每层的水平管处设调节阀。供水管及回水管据参考有关保温资料进行保温要求。在空调水系统中常用的是镀锌或不镀锌得钢管和无缝钢管，前者规格以公称直径（DN）表示，后来规则以外径和壁厚表示。一般是当D≦100mm用镀锌钢管，丝扣连接，D﹥100mm时，采用无缝钢管，法兰或焊接连接。本系统设计可以采用双管制供应冷冻水，且具有结构简单，初期投资小等特点。同时考虑到节能与管道内清洁等问题，可以采用闭式系统，不与大气相接触，仅在系统最高点设置膨胀水箱，管路不易产生污垢和腐蚀，不需要克服系统静水压头，水泵耗电较小。由于设计属于多层建筑，因此可以采用同程式水系统，此系统除了供回水管路外，还有一根同程管，由于各并联环路的管路总长度基本相同，各房间盘管的水阻力大致相等，所以系统的水力稳定性好，流量分配均匀，且此系统属于垂直同程系统。本设计采用的是风冷热泵冷水机组，机组布置楼顶的方案。供水、立管均采用异程式，新风机组和风机盘管系统共用供、回水立管；各层水管采用同程式，，定压补水系统采用膨胀水箱，膨胀水箱置于顶层。7.1冷冻水管的水力计算冷冻水管水力计算采用假定流速法，其阻力主要有两部分组成，即沿程阻力和局部阻力。下面计算三个环路，1~3楼为第一个环路，4楼为第二个环路，五楼为第三个环路。每个环路的起点和终点都在制冷机房。沿程阻力∆Pm=Rm×l(7-1-1)局部阻力Z=∑ζ×0.5ρ(7-1-2)总阻力∆P=∆Pm+Z(7-1-3)ζ—局部阻力系数ρ—管道内空气密度v—管道内气体流速水管管径的确定通过试算法，现假设流速，在校核，其计算公式为(7-1-4)escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 W—冷冻水流量v—计算流速m/s局部阻力系数：直流三通：1旁流三通：1.5合流三通：3分流三通：3立管合流三通：5立管分流三通：6.5截止阀：1闸阀：0.5弯头：1风机盘管水阻：37KPa热泵水阻：41KPa图7-11、6层水管平面图escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 图7-2机房水管及立管平面图表7—1最远环路阻力计算序号流量管径管长流速比摩阻沿程阻力局部阻力系数动压局部阻力总阻力kg/h　mν(m/s)R(Pa/m)△Py(Pa)ξPa△Pj(Pa)Py+△Pj(Pa)126946DN102.080.8586.69180.322.0359.77719.54899.86226946DN1252.400.8586.69208.074.0359.771439.071647.14326946DN102.000.8586.69173.392.5359.77899.421072.81453893DN1251.181.11111.46131.533.0616.911850.721982.25553893DN1252.101.11111.46233.511.5616.91925.361158.87653893DN1252.531.11111.46282.008.3616.915120.335402.33746975DN1003.601.48253.40912.246.31093.336887.997800.23838117DN1003.601.20169.00608.406.3719.874535.205143.60929034DN1003.600.91100.03360.106.3417.662631.252991.351018280DN803.601.00167.94604.596.3497.763135.903740.491110139DN703.600.78128.61462.996.3300.771894.842357.831210139DN706.050.78128.61778.087.8300.772346.003124.07escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 139813DN703.140.75120.82379.361.0281.69281.69661.06149305DN704.210.71109.18459.431.0253.28253.28712.71158795DN705.210.6798.10511.201.0226.32226.32737.52168469DN701.060.6591.3096.961.0209.81209.81306.77177633DN504.330.96267.251158.011.0461.88461.881619.90187289DN506.140.92244.621501.971.0421.19421.191923.17196611DN501.200.83202.93244.332.0346.51693.03937.36204988DN500.300.63118.7136.091.0197.24197.24233.33214644DN5012.560.59103.701302.881.0170.97170.971473.85224300DN500.310.5489.6827.351.0146.58146.58173.94231949DN321.200.54148.75178.942.0145.46290.91469.85241261DN256.140.61273.131678.131.0187.14187.141865.2725917DN256.700.45150.221006.604.098.96395.841402.442610000DN701.760.77125.26220.455.5292.561609.061829.502710000DN704.540.77125.26568.665.5292.561609.062177.712818200DN803.600.99166.53599.495.0493.412467.023066.522929000DN1003.600.9199.81359.305.0416.692083.472442.763038100DN1003.601.20168.86607.885.0719.233596.174204.053146900DN1003.601.48252.62909.415.01089.855449.246358.663253800DN1251.981.11111.09220.412.0614.791229.571449.983353825DN1252.091.11111.19232.391.0615.36615.36847.753426946DN1252.000.8586.69173.392.5359.77899.421072.813526946DN1003.500.8586.69303.433.0359.771079.301382.733626946DN1250.920.8586.6979.761.5359.77539.65619.413726946DN1001.000.8586.6986.691.5359.77539.65626.35风机盘管37000风冷热泵41000小计838786　121.05　　17877.70121.1　58038.48153916.19escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 表7—1最进环路阻力计算序号流量管径管长流速比摩阻沿程阻力局部阻力系数动压局部阻力总阻力kg/h　mν(m/s)R(Pa/m)△Py(Pa)ξPa△Pj(Pa)Py+△Pj(Pa)126946.4DN1252.080.8586.69180.322.0359.77719.54899.86226946.4DN1252.400.8586.69208.074.0359.771439.071647.14326946.4DN1252.000.8586.69173.392.5359.77899.421072.81453892.8DN1251.181.11111.46131.533.0616.911850.721982.25553892.8DN1252.101.11111.46233.511.5616.91925.361158.87653892.8DN1252.531.11111.46282.008.3616.915120.335402.33710139.4DN706.050.78128.61778.087.8300.772346.003124.0789812.6DN703.140.75120.82379.361.0281.69281.69661.0699304.51DN704.210.71109.18459.431.0253.28253.28712.71108795.39DN705.210.6798.10511.201.0226.32226.32737.52118468.59DN701.060.6591.3096.961.0209.81209.81306.77127633.02DN504.330.96267.251158.011.0461.88461.881619.90137289.02DN506.140.92244.621501.971.0421.19421.191923.17146611.34DN501.200.83202.93244.336.0346.512079.082323.41154988DN500.300.63118.7136.091.0197.24197.24233.33164644DN5012.560.59103.701302.881.0170.97170.971473.85174300DN500.310.5489.6827.351.0146.58146.58173.94181948.93DN321.200.54148.75178.942.0145.46290.91469.85191260.93DN256.140.61273.131678.131.0187.14187.141865.2720916.932DN256.700.45150.221006.604.098.96395.841402.442110000DN701.760.77125.26220.455.5292.561609.061829.502210000DN704.540.77125.26568.665.5292.561609.062177.712318200DN803.600.99166.53599.495.0493.412467.023066.522429000DN1003.600.9199.81359.305.0416.692083.472442.762538100DN1003.601.20168.86607.885.0719.233596.174204.052646900DN1003.601.48252.62909.415.01089.855449.246358.662753800DN1251.981.11111.09220.412.0614.791229.571449.98escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 2853825DN1252.091.11111.19232.391.0615.36615.36847.752926946.4DN1252.000.8586.69173.392.5359.77899.421072.813026946.4DN1253.500.8586.69303.433.0359.771079.301382.733126946.4DN1250.920.8586.6979.761.5359.77539.65619.413226946.4DN1251.000.8586.6986.691.5359.77539.65626.35风机盘管37000风冷热泵41000小计696241　103.05　　14929.4093.6　40339.34133268.74最远环路和最近环路的不平衡率A为：A=（153916－133268）/153916=13﹪﹤15﹪符合要求。7.2冷凝水管考虑由于各种空调设备如风机盘管机组、整体式空调器、组合式空调机组等在运行的过程中产生的冷凝水，必须及时予以排走。排放冷凝水的管路设计，应注意以下各要点：1、风机盘管凝结水盘的进水坡度不应小于0.01。其它水平支干管，沿水流方向，应保持不小于0.002的坡度，且不允许有积水部位；2、当冷凝水盘位于机组内的负压区段时，凝水盘的出口处必须设置水封，水封的高度应比凝水盘处的负压（相当于水柱高度）大50％左右。3、冷凝水管道宜采用聚氯乙烯塑料管或镀锌钢管，不宜采用焊接钢管。4、为了防止冷凝水管道表面产生结露，必须进行防结露验算。当采用聚氯乙烯塑料管时，一般可以不进行防结露的保温和隔汽处理；而采用镀锌钢管时应设保温层。5、设计和布置冷凝水管路时，必须认真考虑定期冲洗的可能性，并应设计安排必要的设施。6、冷凝水管的公称直径DN（mm），应根据冷凝水的流量计算确定。一般情况下，每1KW冷负荷每1h大约产生0.4kg左右的冷凝水；在潜热负荷较高的场合，每1KW冷负荷每1h大约产生0.8kg左右的冷凝水。escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 查《民用建筑空调设计》[4]表8-20得到下列数据，近似选定冷凝水管的公称直径：Q≤7KW，DN=20mm;Q=7.1-17.6KW,DN=25mm;Q=17.7-100KW,DN=32mm;Q=101-176KW,DN=40mm;Q=177-598KW,DN=50mm;Q=599-1055KW,DN=80mm;Q=1056-1512KW,DN=100mm;Q=1513-12462KW,DN=125mm;Q≥12462KW,DN=150mm.本设计的凝水管采用聚乙烯塑料管，可以不加防止二次结露的保温层；风机盘管的凝水管管径与风机盘管的接管管径一致，均为DN32，就近排放至近的卫生间下水口；新风机组凝水管管径为DN32，也就近排放至临近的卫生间下水口。8冷热源及相关设备的选择8.1冷热源的选择8.1.1设备方案选择论证因为制冷系统的冷负荷小于580KW,所以只考虑选用风冷式冷水机组制冷机组。风冷式冷水机组是以空气为冷（热）介质，作为冷（热）源兼用型的一体化中央空调设备。机组以其他 高效、低噪音、结构合理、操作简便、运行安全、安装维护方便等优点，广泛应用于宾馆、商场、办公楼、展览馆、机场、体育馆等公共设施的舒适性中央空调系统，并能满足电子、制药、生物、轻纺、化工、冶金、制药、电力、机械等行业的工艺性的空调系统的不同使用要求。　　风冷式冷(热)水机组分为单冷型和热泵型，其中热泵型风冷冷（热）水机组集制冷、制热功能于一体、即可供冷，又可供热，能实现夏季降温，冬季采暖，一机多用。因此，风冷热泵机组通常是既无供热锅炉、又无供热热网或其它稳定可靠热源，却又要求全年空调的暖通工程设计中优先选用的方案，该机组可与风机盘管或柜式、吊顶式空气处理机以及新风机组一起组成半集中式空气调节系统，具有风机盘管系统的诸多优点，布置灵活，外形美观、节省建筑空间、调节方便，可以单独停、开而不影响其它房间，运行噪声低等特点。　　 风冷式冷(热)水机组省去了冷却水系统所必不可少的冷却塔、水泵、锅炉及相应的管道系统等许多辅件，系统结构简单，安装空间省、维护管理方便且又节escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 约能源，避免了水质过差的地区所造成的冷凝器结垢，水管堵塞等现象，同时还节约了水资源。 　　 风冷式冷(热)水机组比水冷式机组一次性投入要稍高,但是全年运转费用要低于水冷式冷水机组，机房建筑费用在各种空调冷热源系统中最少,维护保养费用约为水冷式或者锅炉的一半费用。是目前冷（热）水空调设备产品中保养、维修最经济、简单的机种。该机组可以直接放置在屋顶、裙楼平台或水平地面上，无需建造机房、锅炉房、安全而清洁，制热时的热量直接取之于室外空气，可以节省能量。　　 风冷式冷(热)水机组产品充分吸收国际、国内冷冻、空调领域最新发展技术的基础上研制开发设计的成熟定型产品。该机组严格按照国家行业标准设计制造，精选世界著名制造商生产的高品质、名品牌的压缩机、风机、冷媒系统控制元件以及电脑控制器件，通过合理的系统匹配及结构设计，使机组在-10℃以上气温条件下有效制热，产品广泛适用于要求全年性空调而冬季负荷不大的华北，华南、西南地区以及一些水资源缺乏区域。同时对一些冬季气温相对较低且无锅炉或者其他供热条件的地区尤为适用冷水机组是活塞式的改良型，采用了高效板式换热器，机组体积小，重量轻，噪声低，占地小，采用标准化生产的模块片，可组合成多种容量，调节性能好，部分负荷时的COP保持不变。其自动化程度比较高，电脑控制单元模块的开、停。制冷剂为R-22，对环境的危害程度小,安装简便。所以本设计选用模块化风冷式全封闭活塞式冷热水机组。模块化风冷式全封闭活塞式冷热水机组的制造、推广和使用在我国也只是最近10年的事。由多台小型活塞式冷水机组单元并联组合而成的新型冷水机组称为模块化活塞式冷水机组。每个模块单元由一台或多台（常用两台）全封闭活塞式制冷压缩机、蒸发器、水冷或风冷式冷凝器、微电脑控制器等各自独立的制冷系统组合而成。该种机组可提供5~8℃工业或建筑物空调用冷水。其技术经济特点是运行的智能化程度高；运行的可靠性高；安装使用方便、插上电源即可使用，省去了一套复杂的冷却水系统和锅炉加热系统；结构紧凑，外型尺寸小；传热效果好；噪声低；具有夏季供冷水和冬季供热水的双重功能，对于我国幅员辽阔的国土而言，相当大的地区属于夏季需制冷而冬季需制热的范围，这种风冷冷热水机组就特别适用；由于采用空气作为热源和冷源可大大地节约用水，也避免了对水源水质的污染；将风冷冷热水组放在建筑物顶层或室外平台即可工作，省却了专用的冷冻机组和锅炉房。但风冷冷水机组也有其不足，如由于空气的比热容小，传热性能差，它的表面传热系数只有水的1／50～l／100，所以空气侧换热器的体积较为庞大；由于空气中含有水分，当空气侧表面温度低于0℃时翅片管面上会结霜，结霜后传热能力就会下降，使制热量减小，所以风escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 冷冷热水机组在制热工况下工作时要定期除霜。综上所述，此空调工程选择风冷热泵冷水机组。8.1.2机组选型计算1）初选机型。根据制冷系统负荷Q0=338.37KW，结合建筑物的构造和用途进行综合考虑，所以选择两台山东凌顿人工环境设备有限公司生产的热泵型冷热水机组（LAC180R）。2）该系统机组的设计工况为：冷冻水进水温度为12℃，出水温度为7℃。3）根据LAC180R的性能表，在设计工况下，即冷冻水进出口温度为12℃、7℃时机组的制冷量为184.9KW。在设计工况下，2台机组的总制冷量为Q=2×184.9=369.8KW>338.37KW，满足要求。4）根据LAC180R的性能表查得，机组在标准制冷运行，工况制冷量为184.9KW，此时水流量为31.8m³/h,配管DN100mm。表8—1热泵型冷热水机组（LAC180R）性能参数机组型号热泵LAC180R总输入功率kW64.9单冷LAC180冷热水流量m3/h31.8制冷量kW184.9水侧阻力kPa41104kcal/h15.9接管规格DN100RT52.6外形尺寸长度mm2500制热量kW211.6宽度mm2160104kcal/h18.2高度mm2360RT60.2机组重量㎏2150使用电源380V—3PH—50Hz噪音db（A）76能量控制25﹪—100﹪8.2水泵的选择与计算8.2.1冷冻水泵的选型和计算根据选型原则，选择三台冷冻水泵（两用一备）。水泵所承担的供回水管网最不利环路为一层管路。1）水泵流量的确定单台冷水机组的额定水流量为31.8m3/h（以冷水机组蒸发器的额定流量为基准）。根据水泵工作时，取流量储备系数=1.1。则单台水泵设计流量V=1.1escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 ×31.8=34.98m3/h。2）水泵扬程H的确定水泵扬程H按下式计算：H=·Hmax（8-2-1）式中H——水泵扬程，m；Hmax——水泵所承担的最不利环路的水压降，mH2O;——扬程储备系数取=1.1。根据上面的空调水环路的水力计算中可知，整个环路的最不利环路的总阻力为冷冻水泵的扬程：（为克服最不利环路的阻力损失）Hmax=15.43mH2O水泵的扬程H=1.2Hmax=1.2×15.43=19mH2O根据此可选择两台广州广一低噪声管道离心泵GDD80-20其主要技术参数见下表：表8—2广州广一GDD80-20转速n(r/min)流量Q扬程H(m)效率η(%)功率(kw)必须汽蚀余量(NPSH)r(m)(m3/h)(L/s)轴功率配电机14505013.8206845.52.5冷冻水泵配管布置进行水泵的配管布置时，应注意以下几点：1）安装软性接管：在连接水泵的吸入管和压出管上安装软性接管，有利于降低和减弱水泵的噪声和振动的传递。2）出口装止回阀：目的是为了防止突然断电时水逆流而时水泵受损。3）水泵的吸入管和压出管上应分别设进口阀和出口阀；目的是便于水泵不运行能不排空系统内的存水而进行检修。。4）水泵的出水管上应装有温度计和压力表，以利检测。如果水泵从地位水箱吸水，吸水管上还应该安装真空表。5）水泵基础高出地面的高度应小于0.1m，楼顶应设排水沟。8.3膨胀水箱的选择与计算（1）膨胀水量的计算由于本设计采用闭式水系统，为了使系统中的水因温度变化而引起的体积膨胀给予余地以及有利于系统中的空气排除，加上可以对系统进行稳压的作用，escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 因此在管路系统中应该连接膨胀水箱。为保证膨胀水箱和空调水系统的正常工作，水箱应该接在水泵的吸入口侧，水箱标高应至少1.0～2.0m。膨胀管最好接至循环水泵入口，当水箱距水泵入口较远时，可接接至该建筑物内的总回水总管上，但运行时，回水总管和水泵吸入口间不应有关断的阀门。在本设计中，膨胀水箱设置在集水器出口管段上。起定压、排气、补水的作用。膨胀水箱的配管应包括膨在连胀管、信号管、溢流管、排污管等。为防止冬季供暖时水箱结冰，在膨胀水箱上接出一根循环管，把循环管接接膨胀管的同一水平管路上，使膨胀水箱中的水在两连接点压差的作用下处在缓慢流动状态。膨胀管和循环管连接点间距取1.5～3.0m。膨胀水箱的容积是由系统中水容量和最大的水温变化幅度决定，由下式计算：Vp=αΔtVs=0.0006x5x1.4x3600x10-3=0.0151m³式中：Vp-膨胀水箱有效容积（即从信号管到溢流管之间高差内的容积），m³α-水的体积膨胀系数，α=0.0006，L/℃Δt-最大的水温变化值，℃，按冬季计算，取45-40=5℃。Vs-系统内的水容量，m³，即系统中管道和设备内总容水量。计算系统内冷冻水总容量时，按空气－水系建筑1.4L统按每平米取。则（2）系统补给水量的计算正常的补水量主要取决于冷、热水系统的规模、施工安装质量和运行管理水平，由于准确计算较困难，故本设计按照系统的循环水量的1%为正常的补给水量，但考虑到事故增加的补给水量，故补水量取4倍的正常补给水量。则Vb=4x1.4x3600x1%x10-3=0.2m³补水由市政管网提供，不另设补水泵。补给水管用水、煤气钢管即焊接钢管。管径取DN32，流速为1.42m/s。故总水量：V=Vp+Vb=0.0151+0.2=0.22m³膨胀水箱的选型按采暖通风图集T901（一）选用规格型号方形型号1。（见图10-1）规格尺寸和配管的公称直径如下：公称容积0.5m3;有效容积0.61m3;长x宽=900mmx900mm;高900mm;溢流管DN40;排水管DN32;膨胀管DN25;信号管DN20;escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 循环管DN20；补水管DN32。膨胀水箱装在屋面，水箱自重156.3kg。图8-1膨胀水箱的规格型号膨胀水箱放置在六层屋顶8.4卫生间的机械排风卫生间排风换气次数为10次/小时，每个卫生间选用北京当代复合材料有限公司PF-200天花式排风扇六台，PF-140天花式排风扇六台PF-90天花式排风扇1台，卫生间排风由防风排烟口将排气扇排出的气体排至室外。天花式排风扇性能参数见下表：表8—3天花式排风扇型号最大风量最大全压噪声输入功率重量转诉m3/hPadbwkgr/minPF-2009072﹤38﹤254.5900/620PF-14014088﹤45﹤284.5930/610PF-90220100﹤49﹤325.5900/6108.5水系统的泄水及排气8.5.1泄水设计考虑到水系统或设备检修的时候，需要把系统或设备中的水放掉，因此，本设计中在水系统最低点设置排水管和排水阀门。排水管径的选用见下表8-3：escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 表8-4排水管径的选用表被排水管管径（mm）＜506580100125150200排水管管径（mm）252525405050808.5.2排气设计在系统充水时，要同时排放系统中的空气，因此，本设计中在水系统的最高点设置自动排气阀。其连接的排气管管径的选用见下表8-3：表8-5排气管管径的选用表被放气管管径（mm）＜506580100125150200放气管管径（mm）151515202020259空调系统的保温防腐保温材料的热工性能主要取决于其导热系数，导热系数越大，说明性能越差，保温效果也越，因此选择导热系数低的保温材料是首要原则。同时综合考虑保温材料的吸水率、使用温度范围、使用寿命、抗老化性、机械强度、防火性能、造价及经济性，可以在本设计中对供回水管及风管的保温材料均采用带有网格线铝箔帖面的防潮离心玻璃棉。管道的保温和防腐一是为了减少管道的冷、热损失，二是防止冷管路表面结露，三是防止金属表面的外部腐蚀并保护好涂料层。9.1保温材料的选择要求保温材料应根据因地制宜，就地取材的原则，选取来源广泛价格低廉保温性能好、易于施工、耐用的材料。具有以下要求：1）热系数小，价格合理。空调工程中常用的保温材料，其导热系λ=0.05-0.15W/m·ºC范围之内。并尽量选用λ值的材料。同时考虑导热系数各价格时，一般来说，二者的乘积最小的材料较经济，在二者的乘积不大时，导热系数小的更经济些；2）尽量采用密度小的多孔材料。这类材料不但导热系数小，而且保温后和管道重量轻，便于施工，风管支架的荷重也小；3）escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 保温材料的吸水率低且耐水性能好。若吸水率高，则保温材料极易受潮，导致导热系数增大，保温材料性能恶化。此外，还要求材料即使吸收水分后，其机械强度不能降低，也不能出现松散或腐烂的现象；1）抗水蒸气渗透性能好。如果材料有小孔，则应为封闭型的。目前常用的材料中，硬质聚氨脂泡沫材料就是抗蒸气渗透较好材料；2）保温后不易变形并具有一定的抗压强度。最好采用板状或毡状等成型材料。采用散状材料时，要采取措施防止其由于压缩等原因变形；3）保温材料不宜采用有机物和易燃物，以免发生虫蛀腐烂、生菌或发生火灾。9.2保温材料的选择在目前的空调工程中，常用的保温材料有岩棉、玻璃棉、珍珠岩、聚氨酯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯及发泡橡胶几大类，而玻璃棉、聚乙烯和发泡橡胶是目前空调工程中主要的保温材料，其单位体积的造价为：聚乙烯：1800元/m³；玻璃棉：2250元/m³；发泡橡胶：7000～8000元/m³。显然，以造价来说聚乙烯具有一定的优势。当然，在实际设计中，总提经济性还包括占用空间等因素。在此空调工程设计中采用难燃聚乙烯作为保温材料。其保温材料的厚度推荐值取值如下：冷冻水管：DN<32,取15mm；DN<100,取20mm；100≤DN<250取25mm；DN≥250取30mm。室内风管取20mm厚的保温层，膨胀水箱及膨胀管同样包以30mm厚的保温层。本设计中冷冻水管的保温层厚度均按新规范附录J表J.0.1-1空气调节供冷管道最小保冷厚度（mm），冷凝水管保温层厚度按表J.0.1-4空气调节凝结水管防凝露厚度（mm），上海为Ⅱ类地区，其最小保温厚及选择的实际厚度（mmescapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 ）列表如下：表9-1最小保温厚及选择的实际厚度表保温位置被保温管径最小保温厚度实际保温厚度吊顶内DN15～251925DN32～802230≥DN1002530室外DN15～323240DN40～803640≥DN1004050空调房间凝结水管915非空调房间1320说明：1.施工中，立管保温每隔3m左右设置保温承重托环，其宽度为保温厚度的2/3。2.冷冻水管的保温结构中设置一层防潮层，防止大气中水蒸气和空气一起进入保温层并渗透而出现凝结水，破坏保温材料绝热性能。3.保护层选用镀锌铁皮，室内厚度δ=0.5mm，室外厚度δ=0.8mm。9.3管道的防腐金属支吊架在表面除锈后，刷防锈底漆和面漆各两遍。冷水管保温必须在试压合格后进行，并清除表面铁锈、焊渣、毛刺等，然后刷两道防锈漆。10空调系统的消声减振空调系统的消声和减振是空调设计中的重要一环，它对于减小噪声和振动，提高人们大额舒适感和工作效率，延长建筑物的使用年限有着极其重要的意义。对于设有空调等建筑设备的现代建筑，都可能室外及室内两个方面受到噪声和振动源的影响。一般而言室外噪声源是经过维护结构穿透进入的，而建筑物内部的噪声、振动源主要是由于设置空调、给排水、电气设备后产生的，其中以空调制冷设备产生的噪声影响最大。包括其中的冷却塔、空调制冷机组、通风机、风管、风阀等产生的噪声。其中主要的噪声源是通风机。风机噪声是由于叶片驱动空气产生的紊流引起的宽频带气流噪声以及相应的旋转噪声所组成，后者由转数和叶片数确定其噪声频率。由于新风机组的噪音等级为62分贝，查《暖通空调常用数据手册》[7]escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 ，表2-13得大厅的噪声等级为50分贝，风管材料本身有隔音，出风口风管外噪声也明显降低，故在此新风机组出口处不须装任何消声设备。风冷热泵机组的噪音等级为76分贝，通过减振装置来降低噪声对建筑物的影响，不需作特别处理。空调系统的减震设计：1．新风机组、风机盘管及装设管道中间的通风机的吊装，吊脚架上采用弹簧减震装置，机组与风管的连接处采用帆布或柔性短管。2．水泵、热泵机组固定在隔振基座上，以增加其稳定性。隔振基座用混凝土板或型钢加工而成，其质量按经验数据确定，水泵取其自重的1～3倍，水泵的基座采用弹簧复合减震器，接管均应采用柔性连接。对于热泵机组由于自重大，其地基承重能力应大于机组运行重量的1.5倍。可在机座下直接设置橡胶垫板或减震基座。而选用的麦克维尔大型单螺杆风冷热泵配货时提供防震基座可按其样本说明施工。3．在设计和选用隔振器时，应注意的问题1．当设备转速n>1500r/min时,宜选用橡胶、软木等弹性材料垫块或橡胶隔振器;设备转速≤1500r/min时,宜选用弹性隔振器；。2．隔振器承受的荷载比应超过允许工作荷载；3．选择弹簧隔振器时,设备的旋转频率f与弹簧隔振器垂直方向的自振频率之比应大于或等于2.0.当其共振振幅较大时,宜与阻尼比大的材料联合使用；4．使用隔振器时,设备重心不宜太高,否则容易发生摇晃.当设备重心偏高时,或设备重心偏离几何中心较大且不易调整时,或隔振要求严格时,宜加大隔振台座的重量及尺寸,使体系重心下降,确定机器运转平稳；5．支承点数目不应少于4个,机器较重或尺寸较大时,可用6～8个；6．为了减少设备的振动通过管道的传递量,通风机和水泵的进出口宜功过隔振软管与管道连接；7．在自行设计隔振器时,为了保证稳定,对弹簧隔振器,弹簧应做得短胖些.一般地说,对于压缩性荷载,弹簧的自由高度不应大于直径的两倍橡胶、软木类的隔振垫,其静态压缩量X不能过大,一般在10mm以内,这些材料的厚度也不宜过大,一般在几十毫米以内。参考文献：escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 [1]陆亚俊暖通空调北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2002[2]陆耀庆实用供热空调设计手册[M]北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1996[3]赵加宁高层建筑供暖通风与空调设计黑龙江：黑龙江科学技术出版社2003[4]马锦良姚杨民用建筑空调设计北京：化学工业出版社，2003[5]冯永芳实用通风空调风道计算方法北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1995[6]付祥钊流体输配管网北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2001[8]苗若愚暖通空调常用数据手册中国建筑工业出版社，1997[9]黄素远林秀诚叶志谨采暖空调制冷手册北京：机械工业出版社，1997[10]佳隆晓乐装饰工程手册浙江：宇航出版社，1994[11]陈沛霖岳孝方空调与制冷技术手册第二版上海：同济大学出版社，1999[12]叶志谨中国供暖通风空调设备手册北京：煤炭工业出版社，1994[13]尉迟斌实用制冷与空调工程手册北京：机械工业出版社，2002[14]周邦宁中央空调设备选型手册北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1999escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61 致谢光阴似箭、日月如梭转瞬即到了要毕业的时间了，即要离去，流连忘返也许是这时最贴切的诠释。回溯过去，老师们的谆谆教诲，同学的热情帮助，仍然历历在目久久不能忘怀。其中有我失败时的悲伤，也有成功时的喜悦，这些都成为我脑海中永远的回忆。我深深的意识到老师教给我们的不仅是书本理论知识，还有他们丰富的人生阅历，工作经验……。此外，在我们的多个课程设计以及这次的毕业设计中，老师不厌其烦的教我们怎么看，怎么想，怎么做，如何发现并解决问题，如何将我们学到的理论知识与实际工程相结合，这对我们来说是全新的体验和无比宝贵的经验。因为有老师们四年来无私的奉献，我对未来充满了憧憬。在这里深深的对石XX老师、张XX老师，汤XX老师、郑XX老师、袁XX老师、程XX老师、汪XX老师、魏XX老师、吴XX老师表示衷心的感谢。并祝他们在今后的教学生活中能够工作顺利，身体健康。对于这次毕业设计，三个月的时间里，进行实际工程的设计，对于实际工程中的若干问题也有了深刻的体会。毕业设计的完成，离不开是见中石建中老师这几个月来对我们的辛勤辅导。这次的毕业设计使我对这门专业有了更为完整的体验，这也将是我们在今后的工作的伟大财富。感谢老师的用心良苦，同时能够将本次的设计工程完整完成也于本组同学的帮助是分不开的。在这里也向他们道谢，并祝他们今后的生活工作能够一帆风顺。学生：XXX2006年6月5日escapefromdebtofthebankrecordsofactualcontrolofenterpriseanditsassociatedspouseobtainedcreditsupportstrictprecautionsagainstseriousadversecredithistoryofborrower(guarantor)andtheirspousesgettheBankcreditingsupport.Implementationoftheguaranteetheguaranteepersonalcreditbusiness,investigatorsshouldverifyaguarantorwilling,guaranteesorcredits(MS)chargestatus,valueandevaluationofliquidity.Arrival(mass)betpropertyvalueassessmentstoassessmentcompanyapprovedbytheBanktoassessreportedorrecognizedthevalueoftheBankconfirmationshallprevail;investigatorsthroughmarketpricethanthereciprocalverificationofchargevalues,preventionassessedvalueistoohigh,andsoon.Mortgage,statuscheckandtoverifyownership,leasingandisimposedbytheexistenceofarelocation,andotherspecialsituations.CustomeraccesstoCustomerManagerproductdocumentationstandardssetbyStatesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeBankselectborrowers,guarantorsandbet.SectionIIreviewreview-approvalstaffshouldperformtheirdutiesstrictlyinaccordancewithauthorized,prohibitedSuperlicense.Approvalshall,inaccordancewithauthorized,independentapprovalaccordingtotheirownknowledgeandexperience.Review61'