船舶电气设备安装工艺

'船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页目录Contents第一章概述Chapter1General1.主要内容Maincontents2.适用范围Application3.引用标准Referstandards第二章技术内容Chapter2technology1.设备的配套Checkitembeforeinstallation2.设备安装的基本工艺要求Generalrequirementforequipmentinstallation3.各类电气设备安装的具体规定Detailrequirementforfollowedunits3.1电机Electricmotor3.2主配电板和应急配电板MSB&ESB3.3控制设备及分配电设备Controlpanel&distributionbox3.4蓄电池Battery3.5舱室照明灯具Cabinetlightingfixtures3.6照明附具Lightingappurtenance3.7日用电器Fan&heater3.8船内通讯,信号设备Internalcommunicationequipment4.设备安装前的准备工作Preparationbeforeinstallation5.设备安装的基本形式Basicform6.设备及电缆的接地Earthingofequipment&cable7.设备的进线Cableentrance8.设备的接线Wireconnection第三章闭杯闪点小于60℃的油船电气设备安装工艺Cheaper3Additionaltechnologyforequipmentinstallationonoiltankerwhichtheflashpointlessthan60℃1.一般要求general2.危险区域或处所的化分及其电气设备的安装Dangerousareadivision&equipmentinstallation3.扩大危险区域或处所的划分及其电气设备的安装Widendangerousareadivision&equipmentinstallation4.其它处所电气设备及附加要求Additionalrequirementforotherspace5.防爆电气设备的基本要求Basicrequirementforex-proofequipment6.防爆电气设备的安装Installationrequirementofex-proofequipment第一章概述Chapter1General 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页1.主要内容Maincontents本工艺对入级钢质船舶的：1.电气设备的安装提出了安装工艺、接地、进出线等的具体要求和规定。以确保安装质量。2.闭杯闪点＜60℃的油船的电气设备施工工艺也作了规定。Thistechnologyruledfolloweditemsforclassedsteelvessels:1.detailrequirementforequipmentinstallation,earthing,cableentranceandwireconnection2.specialtechnologyforequipmentinstallation,onoiltankerthattheflashpointlessthan60℃2.适用范围Application用于我厂入级钢质船舶（包括闭杯闪点＞60℃的油船）的电气施工。其它特种船舶或船东提出的其它特殊工艺要求，应另编专用工艺文件，作为补充规定。Forelectricconstructionofclassedsteelships(includedoiltankerthattheflashpointmorethan60℃)Thespecialtechnologywillbeeneditedasadditionalstandard,ifforotherspecialvesselsorforspecialrequirementbringforwardbyshipowner3.引用标准referencestandards1.中国船级社《钢质海船入级建造规范》（1996）4分册CCS《RulesforClassificationofSteelShips》（1996）part42.中国长江轮船总公司金陵船厂企业标准CorporationStandardofJinglingShipyard3.中国船舶工业总公司电气专业标准SpecialtyStandardsofChinaShipIndustryParentCompany4.BV规范16分册BVRulespart165.GL规范3分册（1992）GLRulespart3（1992）6.DNV规范第四篇第四章DNVRulespart4chapter47.LR规范6分册LRRulespart6第二章技术内容 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页Chapter2TechnologyContent1.设备的配套Packageofequipment1.1按照设备明细表(托盘D表)或电装图及电气设备布置图进行领料配套。所有电气设备应有制造厂的产品合格证。重要设备应具有相应的船检检验合格证或船用产品型式认可证或其它必须的证书，并注意其有效期限。Materialspreparationisaccordingtoequipmentlistormateriallistandarrangementdrawingandcabletraysdrawings.Allelectricequipmentshouldhavequalitycertificatesfrommaker.Someimportantequipmentshouldhaveclasstypeapprovalcertificate,equipmentcertificateorothernecessarycertificate,andpayattentiontotheeffectivedate.1.2核对设备型号、规格同设备明细表(托盘D表)及图样是否相符，并检查设备及其零件有无缺损，必要时应测量设备的绝缘电阻。Checkwhetherequipmentspecificationisaccordancewithequipmentlistandwhetherequipmenthassomedefect.Measureinsulationresistanceifnecessary.1.3检查设备填料函的数量及规格是否与图纸要求相符。Checkwhethercableglandspecificationandquantitiesareinaccordancewithdrawings.1.4按照相关图纸，配齐及安装好设备的底脚或支架及接地附件。Supports,foundation,groundaccessoriesandsoontobepreparedaccordingtorelativedrawings.1.5按照相关图纸，装好设备的识别铭牌，对具有内部接线的设备，如分电箱、起动器等，应配齐必要的开箱图。Forpowerdistributionpanels,starterandsoon,necessaryprincipledrawingandnameplatetobeinstalledcorrectly.1.6配套好的电气设备，存放在专门储备处，存放场所应保持清洁、干燥。Electricequipmentshouldbeplacedinspecialstore.Thestoreshouldbekeptdryandclean.2.设备安装的基本工艺要求Basictechnicalrequirementofequipmentinstallation.2.1设备安装应尽量考虑安全及便于使用、维修，安装场所应有足够的照明并通风良好。Fortheequipmentinstallation,thesecurityandconvenientforuseandmaintenanceshouldbeenconsideredasfaraspossible.Thereshouldhaveenoughlightingandgoodventilationininstallationsite.2.2设备安装不应破坏舱壁或甲板原有的防护性能及强度，在水密的舱壁、甲板和甲板室的外围壁上不应钻孔以螺丝紧固电气设备。 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页Equipmentinstallationshouldnotbreakbulkheadordeckthedefendcapabilityandtheintensity.Itisnotallowedthatdrillandscrewforinstalltheequipmentonwatertightbulkheadordeck.1.3设备不应直接安装在主甲板以下的船壳板上。Equipmentshouldnotdirectinstalledontheshellunderthemaindeck.2.4在易燃易爆舱室，如蓄电池室、油漆间、煤舱等处，除该处必须的防爆设备外，不应安装其它电气设备。Indangerousspace,suchasbatteryroom,paintingroomandsoon,prohibitinstallednon-safetyequipmentexceptneededex-proofequipment.2.5在油、水侵蚀或蒸汽易于积聚的地方，只能安装相应防护等级的电气设备。ElectricequipmentwithrelativeIPclasscanbeinstalledatsuchspace,wherewater,oilandsteamareeasytoaccumulate.2.6安装在易受机械损伤场所的设备。其防护型式与安装场所相适应。否则，应加装必要的防护装置。Theequipmentliablebeingmachinedamagedsite,theprotectiondegreeshouldbeaccommodatetoinstallationposition.Otherwise,itshouldbeadoptedessentialprotection.2.7舱室的封闭板内一般不应安装电气设备，但线路的分支接线盒可安装在便于开启的木作板内，且在板外应配有相应的铭牌。Normally,electricequipmentshouldnotbeinstalledinsideclosedpanelofcabin.Butjunctionboxofcircuitbranchcanbeinstalledinsidedecorationpanel,whichiseasyforopen,andtherelativenameplateshouldbeperformed.2.8电气设备若必须在油舱、油柜或双层底、储油舱等外壁表面安装时，设备与此类舱壁之间至少应有50mm的距离，但工作时能产生高温的电气设备（如各类电阻器），禁止在此类舱壁表面安装。Iftheequipmenthastobeinstalledonthebulkheadofbulkheadofoiltank,thedistancetothesurfaceshouldbemorethan50mm,andelectricequipment(heateretc.)producinghightemperatureforbidinstalledonthementionedplace.2.9安装场所如有剧烈震动，足以影响设备的正常可靠工作时，设备的安装应采取适当的减震措施。Properabsorbershouldbeadoptedifshakeofinstallationplacecaninfluencenormalandreliableworking.2.10当非铝合金设备支架安装在铝质轻围壁上时，中间应有绝缘衬垫（如橡胶布，涂有白漆的帆布等）隔开，以防直接接触引起电解腐蚀。Whennon-aluminumequipmentsupporttobeinstalledonaluminumbulkhead,insulationpadsuchasrubber,canvaswithwhitepaintingshouldbeaddedbetweenbulkheadandsupportinordertopreventelectroanalysis. 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页2.11调节电阻、启动电阻、充电电阻、电热器具以及其它工作时能产生高温的电气设备，应尽量远离木质隔板等易燃物体和其它设备安装，必要时中间应用绝热材料隔开，当设备外壳温度超过80℃时，应加防护网或在布置上予以安排，以防工作人员偶然触及而灼伤。Electricequipmentsuchasregulationresistance,startresistance,chargeresistance,heateretc,ifhightemperaturetobeoccurredduringtheyworking,theirinstallationshouldbefarawayfromotherflammableobjects,heatinsulationmaterialstobeusedbetweenthemandflammableequipmentifnecessary.Whenequipmentoutshelltemperatureismorethan80℃,properarrangementorprotectionnettoavoidtouchingdamage.2.12敞开式电气设备应安装在专用舱室内，否则其带电部分应加防护罩，以防偶然触及。Exposedequipmentshouldbeinstalledinspecialcabins,itselectricpartshouldhadprotectionnetinordertopreventtouchingbyaccident.2.13设备的安装都应该是可拆的，其联接应牢固，并有防止受震动而松脱的装置。Equipmentinstallationshouldberemovable.Theconnectionshouldbetightandanti-loose.2.14除电压不超过24V，且对无线电收讯机不产生干扰的设备及具有双重绝缘的设备外，其它电气设备的金属外壳或开启式设备的金属骨架均应可靠接地。Excepttheequipmentofvoltagelessthan24Vandnoeffectforradioequipment,allmetalshellofelectricequipmentshouldearthreliably.2.15设备安装应在设备支架焊装、补漆结束后进行，以保证设备本身的油漆及部件不受损坏。同时设备安装后，应用透明塑料布包扎起来。Equipmentinstallationtobedoneafterequipmentsupportweldingandpaintinginordertokeepequipmentpaintingandpartofequipmentnotbeendamaged.Afterequipmentinstallation,itshouldbecoveredbyplastic.3各类电气设备安装的具体规定Detailrequirementofelectricequipmentinstallation1.1电机Motor3.1.1发电机组的安装，其转轴应与船舶艏艉线平行，其它卧式电机的转轴也尽量与艏艉线平行。立式电机的转轴应与船舶水线平面垂直。Axisofauxiliaryengineandhorizontalmotorshouldparallelwiththecenterlineoftheshipasfaraspossible.Stoodmotoraxistobevertical.3.1.2电机的安装应留有测量转速、观察火花、维护换向器和碳刷架的空间。机组应有共同的底座。Leavespaceformeasurerevolution,observespark,maintenancecommutatorandcarbon-brush.Themotorgroupmusthavecommonbase.3.2主配电板及应急配电板Mainswitchboardandemergencyswitchboard 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页3.2.1配电板面板前通道的宽度应至少为800mm，后通道的宽度至少为600mm，如配电板的结构形式为可在前面和侧面进行检修，维护和更换部件时，允许后面不设通道。ThepassagewayfrontMSBisnotlessthan800mm,ThepassagewaybehindMSBisnotlessthan600mm.Ifmaintenancecanbedoneinthefrontandtheside,itallowsnopassagewaybehindESB.3.2.2配电板前后应铺有防滑和耐油的绝缘地毯或经绝缘处理的木格栅。Thefloorinfrontofandbehindswitchboardshouldbeprovidedwithinsulatingcovering.3.2.3配电板的上方不应装有油、水及蒸汽管，如不能避免时，则应采取有效的防护措施，油柜及其它液体容器，不得在上述区域安装。Theoilpipe,waterpipeandsteampipeshouldnotaboveMSB.Ifnotavoid,itmustadopteffectiveprotection.Oiltankandotherliquidvesselshouldn’tinstallthementionedspace.3.2.4安装在单底机舱内的落地式主配电板的底座应为具有水密性能的封闭式底座。即底座本身及与船底壳板之间的焊接、引入电缆的电缆管与底座的焊接，均应具有水密性能，以防油水在底座内积聚。Ifself-standmainswitchboardinstalledinsinglebottomengineroom,closedfoundationwithwatertightfunctiontobeequipped.Weldingbetweenfoundationandshiphull,foundationandcablepipetobewatertightinordertopreventoilorwateraccumulationinfoundation.3.3控制设备及分配电设备Controlanddistributionpanel3.3.1起动箱及分配箱的安装高度，其上沿距甲板或花钢板一般为1900mm左右，同一区域内安装的设备，其箱体的上沿应尽量对齐。Thedistancefromup-edgeofstarteranddistributionboxtodeckisabout1900mm,theequipmentinsamearea,theirup-edgesmustbesamehighness.3.3.2落地安装的电气设备，如控制屏等则尽量安装固定在甲板上的角钢底座上，其底座高度一般为100~200mm。Self-standequipment(ascontrolpanel)shouldbemountedonangleironbasefixedondeckasfaraspossible.Thehighnessoffoundationis100mm~200mm.3.3.3电机的起动箱，（组合起动屏除外）主令控制器或控制按钮盒，应尽量安装在电机附近，以便操作、检修和观察。Motorstarter,(exceptGSP)controlcolumnorpushbuttonboxshouldbemountednearthemotorasfaraspossible.3.3.4立式安装的主令控制器或操纵台（器），应设经防蚀处理过的钢质底座，底座及底座内的穿甲板层的电缆管与甲板间焊接应具水密性能，并应在设备与底座之间垫以厚度不小于5mm的橡皮，以保证水密及减振。Self-standmaincontrolcolumnoroperationconsoleshouldbeequippedwithantisepticandsteelfoundation.Weldingbetweencablepipeanddeckinsidefoundationshouldbewatertight.5mmrubbershouldbeprovidedbetweenequipmentandfoundationinordertokeepwatertightandshockabsorption. 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页3.3.5主令控制器的安装，应考虑其手柄操作的方便，手柄转轴至操作平台的高度一般为1m左右。Heightfromhandleofcontrolcolumntooperationplateisabout1m.3.3.6起动箱及分配箱上方不应装有油、水及蒸气管的法兰接头，如不可避免，必需采取相应的措施。Theflangeofoilpipe,waterpipeandsteampipeshouldnotbeabovestarteranddistributionpanel.Ifcannotavoid,suitableprotectionshouldbeperformed.3.4蓄电池Battery3.4.1蓄电池应安装在专用舱室或箱柜内，在机舱内若条件不许可，则可敞开安装在通风良好的地方。放置蓄电池箱、柜及敞开安装的蓄电池场所附近，不应有排气管、蒸汽管等各种热源或产生火花的设备。Batteryshouldbemountedinexpertcabinetorboxoropenmountedinplacewithgoodventilation.Andbatterycannotbeinstallednearallkindsofheatsource.3.4.2蓄电池的安装应便于检测、维护和更换。保证空气流通，若蓄电池为上下安装，之间应留有不小于300mm的空间。若为并排安装的蓄电池，其间的空隙应用不吸潮，耐电解液腐蚀的绝缘材料楔隔、衬垫和固定。蓄电池的底部应以厚度不小于2mm的青铅皮或其它耐腐蚀材料制成的托盘加以衬垫。托盘的四周边净高度不小于45mm，以防电解液漏出腐蚀船体钢材。对于敞开安装的蓄电池，其上部还应设有大于电瓶组尺寸的挡板，以防下落物件或搁置物件损坏电瓶或造成短路。Batteryshallbesoinstalledastoensureaccessibilityforchanging,inspectionandmaintenance.Ifbatteryismulti-layermounting,itsspaceisnotlessthan300mm.Ifitissidebyside,itsspaceshouldbepadbyanti-corrosioninsulation.Trayshouldbepadbyleadoranti-corrosionmaterialsatleast2mmunderbattery.Freeheightaroundtrayshouldnotlessthan45mmincaseofsteelhullcorrosionbyleakageofelectrolyte.Astoopenmountedbattery,baffletobeprovidedontopofitincaseofbatterydamageorshortcircuitbyfallingthings.3.4.3蓄电池（封闭式的除外）不得安放在居住舱室内。Batteryshouldnotbeinstalledinaccommodationcabinexceptfreemaintaintype.3.4.4蓄电池的一般高度为电池液孔塞至甲板不大于1.4m,否则应设有踏板以便操作。Batteryheightisnotmorethan1.4mgenerally,otherwise,providepedal.3.4.5蓄电池箱、柜应有独立的通风装置，其出风口设在上方，进风口设在下方，进出通风口一般设在箱、柜的对角线的两端，在结构上，应设有档板式弯头，以防止水、火星或其它进入。Independentventilationequipmentshouldbeequippedforbatteryboxorcabinet.Theoutletisaboveandinletisbelow.Normally,windinletandoutletshouldbeperformedatbothsideofdiagonalofboxorcabinet.Elbowedbaffletobeprovidedincaseofwater,sparkorotherthingscomeintobox.3.4.6酸性蓄电池和碱性蓄电池不准放在同一蓄电池舱室、箱或柜内。 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页Lead-acidandalkalescentbatteriescannotbemountedatsamecabinets.3.4.6蓄电池接线完毕后，所有接线柱处应用凡士林等油脂涂封，以防腐蚀。Afterbatteryconnection,allterminalboardshouldbecoveredwithvaselineinordertopreventcorrosion.3.5舱室照明灯具Lightingfixtures3.5.1舱室照明灯具应参照室内器具的具体位置及舱室结构适当布置，首先应保证操作及工作地点有必要的照明，并尽量保证舱室各处的照度。Cabinlightshallproperarrangeaccordingtocabinstructureandcabinapparatus.Necessarylightingforoperationandworkingareashouldbekept.Alsocabinlightingleveltobekept.3.5.2具有两个分路供电的舱室照明灯具应交叉或间隔布置。Alternationorcrossarrangementshouldbekeptforcabinlightingiftwowaypowersupply.3.5.3安装在货舱外走道露天甲板等其它易受机械损伤的场所的灯具，应有防护罩。应急照明的灯具，其外壳应有红色应急标志，且该标志贴在灯具外壳的位置应统一。Protectioncoverstobeprovidediflightfixturestobeinstalledinmachineryspacesuchasoutsidepassagewayofcargoholdandweatherdeck.Fortheemergencylighting,theredmarkshouldbeperformedatsameposition.3.5.4床头灯Bedlamp床头灯安装的位置一般为高于床铺板750mm，离床头（一般以靠近船艏或船舯的一端为床头）300的侧壁上，或顶头中间。Bedlamphighis750mmtobedplate,and300mmtobedhead,oronthemiddleofbedheadwall.3.5.5镜灯及壁灯Mirrorlampsandwalllamps镜灯及壁灯的一般安装高度为：壁灯：距地板1800mm镜灯：镜子上方100mmGeneralheight:walllamps:1800mmfromfloorMirrorlamps:100mmabovemirror3.5.6投光灯，探照灯及航行信号灯Floodlight,searchinglightandnavigation&signallighta.投光灯及探照灯的安装应便于操纵，并应保证其可动部分在工作需要的照射范围内转动灵活无阻，光线不受阻碍。Floodlightandsearchlightinstallationshouldbeeasyforoperationandturntheirmovablepartsandwithoutobstaclesfortheirlight.b.投光灯及探照灯应设有专用的灯架或灯座，灯架或底座的高度及形式与灯具的工作要求相适应。 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页Floodlightandsearchinglightshouldhavespecialbase,itsheightandtypeshouldbesuitforworkingrequirement.c.探照灯安装时，应在其底部或底座间垫以厚度不小于5mm的橡皮，以保证水密。对于在室内用连杆控制的探照灯，其连杆的安装亦应保证水密及操纵灵活。5mmrubbershouldbeequippedbetweenbottomoffloodlightanditssupportinordertokeepwatertight.Astoindoorsearchlightcontrolledbylever,itsleversinstallationshouldkeepwatertightandeasyoperation.e.气体放电型投光灯的高压触发装置应安装在带有“高压危险”标记的金属箱内，金属箱内应尽量装在人员不易触及的地方。Thefloodlightofgasdischargetype,itshighvoltagetouchdeviceshouldmountinmetalboxwith“DANGOUS:HIGHVOLTAGE”remarks.Thismetalboxshouldbeputsuchspacewherepeoplecannottouchiteasily.f.航行信号灯的安装位置、高度及要求，应符合有关信号设备规范的规定。Installationlocationandheightandrequirementofnavigation&signallightshouldmeettherelativerulesrequirement.3.6照明附具Lightaccessories3.6.1暗式照明开关的安装，其扳柄方向应一致，扳柄向上为“接通”，扳柄向下为“断开”。Theswitchdirectionofflushmountedswitchesincabinshouldbeconsistent,upwardsitturn-onanddownwardsisturn-off.3.6.2潮湿和有爆炸危险的场所，其照明开关应能切断所有绝缘极。Thelightingswitchesinhumidityandexplodesitecanshutdownallpoles.3.6.3防水插座及开关插座的安装，其插口不应朝上，并尽量避免向左，壁式安装的非水密，插座的电源孔应为水平方向，接地孔在电源孔上方。Water-proofandwatertightsocketsinstallation,itsplugholeshouldnotbeupwardsandtowardsleftisavoidifpossible.Wallmountednon-watertightsocket,itspowerholeshouldbehorizontalandearthholeisabovepowerhole.3.6.4可开启的舷窗下方不得安装非水密电气设备。Undertheopenableporthole,forbidmountingnon-watertightelectricequipment.3.6.5分路接线盒应设有与系统图、布置图代号或名称相一致的明显耐久铭牌，铭牌的材料应为滞燃。Junctionboxofbranchshouldbeprovidedwithenduringandclearnameplate.Nameplatematerialshouldbeofflameretardant.3.6.6机舱所处花钢板以下及封闭的燃油和滑油分油机室内，不应安装插座。Socketsnottobeinstalledunderplatformofengineroomandclosedpurifierroom. 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页3.6.7照明附具的安装高度参照下表的规定（高度为地面至设备下沿）Installinghighoflightingaccessoriesasfollows,(heightisdecktobelowedgeofequipment)附具名称Accessoriesname安装高度Height附注Remark室内开关及走道暗式开关Innerswitchandflush-mountedswitchincorridor距地面1.4m1.4mfromfloor靠近开门的一侧安装Neartheopenthedoor室内水密开关及走道防水开关Innerwatertightswitchandcorridorwatertightswitch距地面1.5m1.5mfromfloor靠近开门的一侧安装Neartheopenthedoor台灯插座Tablelampsocket距台面0.15m0.15mfromtableface在台面左侧避开窗口Tableports.&avoidopenablewindow台式电话插座Tabletelephonesocket距台面0.15m0.15mfromtableface在台面右侧避开窗口tablestb.andavoidopenablewindow台扇插座Tablefansocket距台面0.15m0.15mfromtableface避开窗口Avoidopenablewindow壁扇插座Wallfansocket距地面1.8m1.8mfromtableface室内防水插座,开关插座Innerwatertightsocketandsocketwithswitch距地面1.3m1.3mfromfloor落地暗式插座Lowerflush-mountedsocket距地面0.3m0.3mfromfloor避开窗口Avoidopenablewindow高低压插座箱H/Lvoltagesocket距地面1.3m1.3mfromfloor3.7日用电器fanandheater3.7.1壁扇和顶扇的安装位置，应保证在转动时，不受阻碍且不致影响人身安全.壁扇安装高度一般为距地面1.8m，顶扇的安装高度一般为其转动时的最低点距地面不小于2.0m。Wallfanandceilingfaninstallationshouldbesafetyforcrewduringrunning.Ingeneral,Wallfanis1.8mfromdeck.Thelowestpointofceilingfanis2.0mfromdeck.3.7.2电取暖器固定安装，安装场所不应有可燃物体及尘埃积聚，电取暖器如安装在可燃材料附近时，二者应离开适当距离或采取绝垫隔垫的防护措施。Electricwarmheatershouldbefixedinthespacewherenoburnableobjectordustgathered.Ifitnearstheburnablematerial,thereisenoughdistanceoradoptedinsulationbetweenofthem.3.8船内通讯，信号设备Internalcommunication,signalequipment3.8.1音响及灯光信号设备Soundandlightingsignalequipment音响及灯光信号设备应安装在易于听到和观察之处，并应设有必要的识别标记，电铃(警钟)的安装，不得使铃锤罩朝上，以免水及尘埃积聚。 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页Soundandlightingsignalequipmentshouldbeinstalledvisibleandaudible.Necessarylabelshouldbeequipped.Forelectricbellinstallation,thebeathammercovershouldbedownwardincaseofwateranddustgathered.3.8.2火警按钮盒Firealarmpushbutton火警按钮盒应安装在较醒目之处，安装高度一般为：船员舱室内：1.5m，其余舱室或室外为1.7，配有击锤的，其击锤应设在火警按钮右侧。Firealarmpushbuttonshouldbeinstalledaccessible.Theheightinaccommodationroomis1.5m.Inothercabinoroutsideroomis1.7m.Thehithammerisontherightsideofthepushbutton.3.8.3壁式自动电话，声力电话Wallautomatictelephone,soundpowertelephone壁式自动电话，声力电话，应安装在方便之处，台式自动电话安放在工作台右侧。室外安装的电话、广播站或对讲分站，如设备本身防护等未达到IP56，则应安装在防水式的金属箱内。Wallautomatictelephone,soundpowertelephoneshouldbeinstalledaccessible,deskmountingtelephoneisonrightofworkingtables.Protectionclassoftheoutsidetelephone,publicaddresscallpointortalk-backtobeIP56,otherwise,theyshouldinstallinmetalwatertightboxes.3.8.4主机传令钟的安装，应使其操纵手柄的倒顺车方向：MEtelegraphinstallationshouldkeepitsaheadandasterndirectionofoperationhandleasfollows:对驾驶室：应与航行方向一致；Wheelhouse:keepthesamedirectionwithsailing.对机舱：应尽量与主机操纵手柄方向一致。E/R:keepthesamedirectionwithMEoperationhandle.如主机有两台以上，则传令钟的排列与主机排列相对应。IftherearetwoormoreME,pleasebringMEtelegrapharrangementintocorrespondencewithMEorder.3.8.5主机转速表，舱角指示仪表其安装位置及高度应便于观察。MERRMandrudderangleindicatorsinstallation,theheightshouldbeeasyforobservation.3.8.6应急报警装置的控制器，包括通用报警器、应急停止按钮、开关等，均应涂上红色，并设有标明其用途的明显耐久的铭牌。Controllersforemergencyalarmdevice,includinggeneralalarm,emergencystoppushbuttonandswitchshouldberedpaintedandequippedwithclearandendurancenameplate.4.设备安装前的准备工作Preparebeforeequipmentinstallation4.1根据电气设备电装图或布置图，以及安装工艺要求进行设备安装的实船定位，标出安装位置及设备名称，代号.Markedequipmentlocationandequipmentname,codenumberaccordingtoelectricequipmentarrangementandinstallationdrawings. 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页4.2设备的型号，规格及安装件的配套，应完整，准确。Equipmenttype,specificationandinstallationaccessoriesshouldbecompleteandcorrect.4.3临时拆除易于损坏及可能影响准确度的电气器材，要作好标记，以便装复。Iftakingapartsomeimportantanddamageriskapparatustemporarily,correctremarkshouldbedoneforeasytoremount.4.4设备安装的施工，应在船体校正结束后进行。Equipmentinstallationtobebeganafterhullcorrection.4.5分散式的支架（电焊螺杆）应先安装于样板上进行焊装，如直接安装在设备底脚上一起焊装，需对设备进行保护以防飞溅的焊渣损坏设备。Ingeneral,thefoundationshouldbeweldedfirstly,ifWeldsupportwithequipment,theprotectionshouldbeadoptedtoavoiddamagedequipment.4.6较重的设备预制整体式支架。Integralsupportshouldbemadeforheavierequipmentinadvance.5.设备安装的基本形式Basicformofequipmentinstallation5.1直接固定在基座上，见图1。Fixedonthebasedirectly,seedrawing1图1Drawing11--船体或金属构件Bulkhead2—基座base3—螺母nut4—弹簧垫圈springwasher5—平垫圈flatwasher6—螺栓bolt7—设备底脚fixturebase5.2直接固定在支座（电焊螺杆）上，见图2。Directfixedbyelectricweldingscrew,seedrawing2 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页图2drawing21—支座supportscrew2—设备底脚equipmentbase3—螺帽nut4--弹簧垫圈springwasher5—平垫圈flatwasher5.3加木垫或橡皮固定在基座上，见图3。Fixedonbasewithrubbermat,seedrawing3图3drawing31—设备底脚equipmentbase2—螺栓bolt3—平垫圈flatwasher4—木垫或橡皮rubberorwoodenmat5—基座base6—螺母nut5.4除非设备厂家有特别要求，设备安装时一般不使用减震器。Normally,shockabsorberisnotusedforequipmentinstallationexceptspecialrequirementfrommaker.5.5固定在木质板壁(或硅酸钙板及其它防火板)上Fixedonwoodwall(orotherfireproofingpanel)5.5.1重量小于1kg的设备，可用木螺钉直接固定在木质板壁(或硅酸钙板及其它绝热板)上，见图4。Equipmentoftheweightinglessthan1kg,fixedonwoodwallbywoodbolt(orotherinsulationpanel),seedrawing4 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页图4drawing41--设备底脚equipmentbase2—木螺丝woodbolt3—平垫圈flatwasher4—接地导体earthconductor5—木质板壁(或硅酸钙板及其它绝热板)woodwall(orotherinsulationpanel)5.5.2重量为1～5kg的设备，应在内加衬加固木档，见图5。Equipmentoftheweight1-5kg,plankingwoodshelves,seedrawing5图5drawing51--设备底脚equipmentbase2—木螺丝woodbolt3—平垫圈flatwasher4—接地导体earthconductor6—木档woodshelves5—木质板壁(或硅酸钙板及其它绝热板)woodwall(orotherinsulationpanel)5.5.3重量大于5kg的设备,应在板壁内设金属支架，见图6。Equipmentoftheweight5-15kg,usingmetalsupport,seedrawing6 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页图6drawing61--支座support2—设备底脚equipmentbase3—螺栓bolt4—弹簧垫圈springwasher5—平垫圈flatwasher7—钢质舱壁bulkhead6—木质板壁(或硅酸钙板及其它绝热板)woodwall(orotherinsulationpanel)5.6设备固定在复合岩棉板上Equipmentfixedoncompositerockwoodpanel5.6.1重量小于1kg的设备，可用自攻螺钉或抽芯铝铆钉将设备直接固定在复合岩棉板上。见图7a、b、c。Equipmentoftheweightlessthan1kg,fixedoncompoundrockcottonpanelbyscreworaluminumrivet.Seedrawing7a,7b,7c.图7adrawing7a图7bdrawing7b图7cdrawing7c1--接地线earthline2—接地螺栓earthbolt3—电缆cable4—复合岩棉板compositerockwoolpanel5—电气设备electricequipment6—自攻螺钉或抽芯铝铆钉screworaluminumrivet7—桥形底板bridgesoleplate8—紧固螺钉、螺母tightenboltandnut9—钢质舱壁steelbulkhead5.6.2重量大于1kg，小于15kg的电气设备安装，应在复合岩棉板后部设加强覆板，然后用套筒支柱将设备固定在加强覆板和岩棉板结构上。见图8。 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页Electricequipmentwiththeweightmorethan1kgbutlessthan15kg,weldeddoubleplateonthebulkheadbehindthecompositerockwoolpanelandthanfixedequipmentonthedoubleplateandrockwoolplate.Seedrawing8.图8drawing81---复合岩棉板compositerockwoolpanel2—电气设备electricequipment3—接地线earthline4—电缆cable5—电缆衬套cablesleeve6—接地螺栓earthbolt7—加强覆板doubleplate8—舱壁bulkhead5.6.3重量大于15kg的电气设备安装，应在复合岩棉板后部钢壁上焊接底座，然后将设备固定在支架和岩棉板结构上。见图9。Equipmentoftheweightmorethan15kg,weldedbasesonthebulkheadbehindthecompositerockwoolpanel,thenfixedequipmentonthebases.Seedrawing9.图9drawing91--设备底座equipmentbase2—锡箔tinfoil3—螺母nut4--设备底脚equipmentfoot5—平垫圈flatwasher6—螺栓bolt7—电缆cable8—复合岩棉板compositerockwoolpanel9—弹簧垫圈springwasher10—接地线earthline11—接地螺栓earthbolt12—钢质舱壁steelbulkhead 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页或使用支座(电焊螺杆)来固定电气设备。见图10。Fixedbyelectricweldingscrew,seedrawing10.图10drawing1—支座electricweldingscrew2—设备底脚equipmentfoot3—螺栓bolt4—弹簧垫圈springwasher5—平垫圈flatwasher6—复合岩棉板compositerockwoolpanel7—钢质舱壁steelbulkhead5.7设备固定在铝质轻围壁上，见图11。Fixedequipmentonaluminumlightbulkhead,seedrawing11.图11drawing111--铝质轻围壁aluminumlightbulkhead2—绝缘衬垫insulationpad3—支架support4—铝质铆钉aluminumrivet5—接地导体earthconductor6—平垫圈flatwasher7—弹簧垫圈springwasher8—螺栓bolt9—螺母nut10—设备底脚equipmentfoot6.设备及电缆的接地Equipmentandcablesearth 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页本章规定的接地主要指工作电压大于24V的安全接地，同时考虑到清除干扰电压的效果。Earthinthischaptermainlymeanssafetyearthwithworkingvoltageabove24V.Atthesametimeeffectofeliminatingdisturbvoltagetobeconsidered.6.1电气设备的保护接地应接到船体永久结构或与船体相焊接的基座或支架上。安装在铝质轻围壁上的设备的接地，应连接到船体的钢质部分。接地点应不易受到机械损伤和油水浸渍。专用接地接线柱(板)不应固定在上层连续甲板以下的船壳板上。Electricequipmentearthingshouldbeontheshipstructureorthebase-connectinghull.Equipmentonthelightaluminumbulkheadshouldbeearthedtothesteelbulkhead.Earthpointnottobeeasyformachinerydamageandoil&waterdipping.Specialearthboardshouldnotbefixedonhullbulkheadbelowsupperstructurecontinuousdeck.6.2电气设备的保护接地一般应设有专门的接地导体，专用接地导体可以是电缆中的接地导体或单独固定的接地。Thespecialearthconductorshouldbeprovidedforelectricequipment.Thisspecialearthconductorcanbeearthwireincableorseparated.6.3凡设备上设有保护接地接线端子的，应在设备附近，选择适当位置设保护接地螺栓，选用合适的专用接地导体进行保护接地。参见图7a、图8。对于照明器具，若在设计时已考虑用电缆中的芯线作为接地导体时，在保证可靠的电气连续性下，设备附近可不设保护接地螺栓，而采用在分电箱内设集中接地汇流排的方式进行保护接地。Iftherehaveprotectionearthnutonequipment,properearthbolttobeselectednearequipmentandselectproperspecialearthconductortoearth.Seedrawing7aand8.Astolightfixtures,ifwiresfromcableshavebeenconsideredtouseasearthconductorduringdesign,protectionearthboltnearequipmentisnotnecessaryunderthereliableelectriccontinuitybutusecentralizedearthbusbarinsidelightdistributionpanelforsafetyearth.6.4如果设备直接紧固在船体结构或紧固在与船体有可靠电气连接的支架或基座上。Ifequipmenttobefixedtohullstructuredirectlyorfixedtosupportorfoundationreliableconnectedtohullandnospecialearthboardonequipment.6.5凡具有电源插头的设备，应采用插头的接地极进行接地的接地形式。Forequipmentwithplug,socketearthpoleearthtobeadopted.6.6固定安装的电气设备保护接地专用接地导体的选择Specialearthconductorselectionofearthforelectricequipment6.6.1导体材料应用表面镀锌的纯铜或导电良好的耐蚀金属制成。Conductorshouldbemadeofgalvanizedpurecopperorcorrosionproofmetalwithgoodelectricconductivity6.6.2专用接地导体一般应采用多股软线，并在两端设有接头。Normally,flexiblemultisectionswirestobeusedforspecialearthconductor. 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页6.6.3纯铜专用接地导体的截面积应符合下表之规定，如环境空气对铜起腐蚀作用，则可采用其他材料，其电导不应小于纯铜导体的电导。Sectionofpurecopperearthconductoraccordwithfollowtable.Ifcoppercanbecorrodedbyambientair,thenothermaterialcanbeusedanditsconductanceshallnotlessthanpurecopper.接地导体的型式earthconductortype相关的载流导体的截面积ＳconductorsectionS铜接地导体最小截面积ＱsmallestsectionofcopperearthconductorQ电缆的接地导体cableearthconductor≤16Q=S但不小于1.5Q=Snotlessthan1.5＞16Q=S/2但不小于16Q=S/2notlessthan16单独固定的接地导体solitudeearthconductor≤2.5Q=S但不小于1.5Q=Snotlessthan1.5＞2.5～120Q=S/2但不小于4Q=S/2notlessthan4＞120Q=706.7可携式电气设备保护接地用铜导体的截面积Thesectionofcopperearthconductorforportableelectricequipment电源线截面积小于或等于16mm2时，应与电源线截面积相等。Whensectionofpowerlineisnotmorethan16mm2,thesectionofearthwiretobeequaltothepowerwire.电源线截面积大于16mm2时，应为电源线截面积的1/2，且不小于16mm2。Whenpowerlineismorethan16mm2,itshould1/2ofsectionofpowerline,alsonotlessthan16mm2.6.8接地接线柱(板)的选择Selectionofearthconnectioncolumnorconnectionboard6.8.1专用接地接线柱或接地板的导电能力，至少应相当于专用接地导体的导电能力，且有足够的机械强度。Conductanceofspecialearthconnectioncolumnorconnectionboardtobeatleastequaltoitsofspecialearthconductoranditsmachineryintensitystrongenough.6.8.2一般来说，电缆保护接地的接线柱螺纹的直径不应小于M4mm，设备保护接地的接线柱螺纹的直径不应小于M6mm。Normally,earthboltscrewthreadofcablesshouldbenotlessthanM4mmandequipmentnotlessthanM6mm.6.9接地工艺要求Technicalrequirementofearthing 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页6.9.1所有的接地接触面应刮去油漆及锈斑，露出原质，并应光洁、平贴，以保证有良好的接触。Allearthtouchingsurfaceshallbenopaintingandrustandkeepglabrous,flatinordertogoodcontact.6.9.2利用底脚接地的设备，应在设备底脚与支架（或基座）之间垫以厚度不小于0.5mm，大小略等于接触面的锡箔或镀锌铜片。如果是专用接地导体利用设备底脚接触连接，则锡箔或镀锌铜片应分别垫在专用接地导体的两侧。Equipmentearthbyitsfeet,0.5mmpiece(silverorgalvanizedcopper)shallbeusedbetweensupportandequipmentfeet.Ifequipmentfeettobeusedforspecialearthconductortoconnect,thepieceshouldbeperformedatbothsideofspecialearthconductor.6.9.3接在接地接线柱的专用接地导体，其铜接头的二侧，应垫镀锡铜垫圈。Specialconductor,whichisconnectedtoearthingterminal,tinnedcoppergaskettobeusedatbothsideofcopperconnectionjoint.6.9.4所有接地装置的紧固应牢靠，并均应设有弹簧垫圈或锁紧螺母，以防松动。Tightenofallearthdeviceshallbereliable.Springgasketorlocknuttobeequippedincaseofloose.6.9.5采用设备底脚接地时，有四个或四个以上底脚的设备，应取对角两脚接地；三个或三个以下底脚的设备，任选一脚接地。Whenequipmentfeetusedforearthing,thetwocatercorneroffourfeetshallbeusedforearthing;fortheequipmentwiththreeorbelowfeet,onlyonefootcanbeselectedtoearth.7.设备的进线Cableentranceofequipment7.1引入电气设备电缆的弯曲半径，应不小于电缆外径的6倍。Bendingradiusofcabletoelectricequipmentshouldnotbelessthansixtimesofcableoutsidediameter.7.2电缆引入防水式设备时，在填料函前的应有一段直线部分，其长度应大于或等于填料函螺母高度H的1.5倍，以便于填料函螺母拧出，见下图12。Cableentrancetowaterproofequipment,linepartshallbeperformedbeforecablegland.Itslengthshallbenotlessthan1.5timesHofnutofcableglandinordertodismountcablegland.Refertofolloweddrawing12. 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页图12drawing121--填料函cablegland2—电缆cable3—塑料胶带plastictape4—填料filling5—平垫圈flatgasket6—线芯wire7--电缆内护套insidecablesheath8—设备壁equipmentframe7.3电缆护套的切割Cuttingofcablesheath7.3.1电缆护套的切割，不得损伤线芯绝缘，并保证在电缆引入设备后，线芯具有必须的长度。电缆护套的切割部位，应在设备的进口内壁3~5mm处剥去内护套，对内部空间较宽敞的设备，如主配电板、应急配电板、集中控制台等，内护套可在接线柱附近剥去。Cuttingofcablesheathshallnotdamagewiresinsulationandkeepthatwhencablesentertoequipment,wiresshallhaveenoughlength.Forcablesheathcuttingposition,sheathshallbecutatinnerframe3~5mmofequipmententrance.Forequipmentwithwiderinnerspace,suchasmainswitchboard,emergencyswitchboard,enginecontrolconsole,etc,cablesheathcanbecutnearterminalboard.7.3.2金属编织层的切割部位Cuttingpositionofmetalbraida.非防水设备，应比电缆护套多切除2~3mm，以免编织刺伤线芯绝缘。Non-waterproofequipment,itshallbecut2~3mmlongerthancablesheathincaseofdamagewireinsulation.b.防水设备，则应使电缆进入填料函时，填料函压紧在电缆护套上，编织层的切口不应露出填料函。Forwaterproofequipment,whencableentercablegland,cableglandpressthecablesheath,wirebraidcutshallnotbeoutsideofcablegland.c.护套在接地线柱附近剥去的电缆，其编织层应在电缆进入设备后靠近内壁处切除。Cablewithitssheathcuttingnearterminalboard,itsbraidshallbecutnearinnerframeaftercableentersequipment. 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页d.金属编织层切割后，应在切割处包以2~3层塑料带扎紧，以防编织松散，线芯如需套套管时，则应连同线芯套管根部处一起扎紧，一般应使塑料带包扎长度H的三分之二包扎在金属编织层上，见下图13。Aftercutmetalbraid,2~3layersplastictapeshallbeusedatcutpositionincaseofbraidloosing.Ifsleevetobeneeded,wiresandsleevestobefastentogether.Normally,2/3ofplastictapelengthofHshouldbewrappedonmetalbraid.Refertofolloweddrawing13.图13drawing131--塑料套管plasticsleeve2—电缆线芯cablewire3—电缆护套cablesheath4—塑料胶带plastictape5—电缆cable7.4线芯长度的确定Confirmationofwirelength7.4.1线芯的长度应包括必须长度和备用长度，必须长度即为线芯沿设备内壁接至所连接的接线柱的距离加上制作接头所需的长度。备用长度应保证使同一电缆的线芯在相应的接线柱之间能互换（对三芯电力电缆，允许只互换其中的任意两根），线芯截面在4mm2以下的，还必须加上能再制作2~3个同样接头的长度。Wirelengthshallincludenecessarylengthandsparelength.Necessarylengthmeanswiresfromequipmentinnerframetoterminalboardplusnecessarylengthofconnectionjoint.Sparelengthshallkeepthatsamecablewirecanexchange(Forthreewirespowercable,twowirestoexchangetobepermitted).Ifwiresectionisbelow4mm2,2~3connectionjointlengthshallbeadded.7.4.2引入照明灯具及附具的线芯长度，可参照下表确定Wirelengthtolightfixtureandaccessoriesasperfollowingtable设备名称Equipmentname线芯长度Wirelength设备名称Equipmentname线芯长度Wirelength篷顶灯ceilinglight200防水插座waterproofsocket120舱顶灯pedantlight200暗式开关cabinswitch120小型舱顶灯smallpedantlight150暗式插座cabinsocket120床头灯bedlight150接线盒junctionbox120镜灯mirrorlight150按钮盒pushbuttonbox120壁灯walllight150警铃、警钟alarmbell,gong120防水开关waterproofswitch120限位开关limitswitch120防水开关插w-proofswitchsocket120柄式开关handleswitch120 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页7.4.3多芯电缆的备用线芯长度，应能保证沿设备内壁接至设备最远一个接线柱和留有再制作2~3个同样接头的备用长度。Sparewireslengthofmultiwirescable,lengthtoequipmentfurthestterminalboardalongequipmentinnerframeandsparelengthofmaking2~3sameconnectionjointshallbeguaranteed.7.5线芯处理7.5.1引入重要设备的电缆，如主发电机、应急发电机、侧推、舵机等，电缆芯线必须套三色绝缘塑料带。Forthepowercablesofimportantequipment,(suchasmaingenerator,emergencygenerator,thruster,steeringgearandsoon)thethreewiresshouldbewrappeddifferentcolorsinsulationtap(forexamplered,yellowandblue)7.5.2白炽照明灯具及有绝缘接线板的电阻箱（架），电热器等产生高温的设备，如芯线受到发热元件的热量辐射，则应套玻璃丝套管或玻璃丝黄腊管保护，玻璃丝套管应套至线芯根部。Someequipment,whichhightemperaturetobeproduced,suchasincandescentlightfixtureandresistboxwithinsulationconnectionboard,electricheater,etc,ifwiresareheatedradiatedbyheatequipment,fiberglasssleeveshallbeusedforprotection.Fiberglasssleeveshallcoverwirebase.7.5.3如线芯直接接在产生高温的设备的发热元件上，应按芯线长度剥去绝缘层套以瓷珠绝缘，瓷珠应紧密连续地套至端部，以免芯线短路。Ifwiresareconnectedtoheatedequipmentdirectly,wireinsulationsheathshallbecutandbeinsulatedbyporcelainballaccordingwirelength.Porcelainballshallcoverwireendtightlyincaseofwireshortcircuit.7.6电缆引入设备处的紧固Tighteningofcableentrancetoequipment7.6.1引入设备的电缆，在设备进口处应牢靠固定，对有填料函的设备，可利用填料函固定，如无填料函，应设有进线托线板（架）或其它电缆紧固件，以免电缆松动及线芯和接头受到不应有的应力。Cableentertoequipment,cableshallbefixedreliableattheentrance.Forequipmentwithcablegland,cableglandcanbeusedtofix.Ifnocablegland,flaporothercablefixedequipmenttobeequippedincaseofcableloosenandwiresandconnectionjointtobearnotnecessarystress.7.6.2填料函的紧固形式如图12，按要求配置的填料函压紧后，应使护套露出设备内壁3~5mm，填料函螺母应露出2~3牙，压紧后的电缆不应有松动现象。Cableglandfixedtypeasperdrawing12.Aftercableglandispressedout,cablesheathshallbe3~5mmoutsideequipmentinnerframe.Cableglandnutshallbe2~3screwthread.Cableshallnotloosenafterpressedout.7.6.3在露天和有水凝聚的场所，应避免填料函螺母口向上设置，并且应在螺母口电缆周围用热缩套管封闭，以防积水。 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页Onweatherandwateragglomeratespace,cableglandnuttowardsupwardsshallbeavoided.Heatshrinksleevetobeusedaroundcableincaseofseeper.7.6.4进线托线板的紧固形式见下图14，电缆在托线板上紧固后，应使护套露出设备内壁3~5mm，设备封口板的开孔尺寸应与电缆束的直径相符。Cableflapboardfixedtypeasperbelowdrawing14.Aftercablefixedonflap,cablesheathshallbe3~5mmoutsideequipmentinnerframe.Cutholesofequipmentsealpanelshallbeinaccordwithcablebranchdiameter.图14drawing141—电缆芯线cablewires2—绝缘塑料带insulationtap3—电气箱electricalcabinet4—托线板Cableflapboard5—螺栓bolt6—电缆cable7—电缆绑扎cablestrap8—固线板cablefixedplate8.设备的接线Connectionofequipment8.1线芯的端部一般应设有接头，接头与线芯必须采用冷压连接，接头套筒的内径应与线芯导体的直径相符，接头的线孔径略大于设备接线柱的直径，如果线芯截面为4mm2以下，设备接线柱为具有压板的插入式连接，能保证压接面积的，可不设接头。Wireendtobeequippedwithconnectionjoint.Connectionjointandwiretobeconnectedthroughcoldpressed.Innerdiameterofconnectionsleeveshallbeinaccordwithwireconductordiameter.8.2冷压接头的压接工艺要求Coldpressedjointpressandconnectiontechnicalrequirement 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页8.2.1所有冷压接头必须使用专用工具进行压接，专用工具的压模应按接头的规格选用。严禁使用斜口钳等非专用工具进行压接。Allcoldpressedjointshallbepressedandconnectedthroughspecialtool.Pressmodelofspecialtoolshallbestrictselectedaccordingtoconnectionjointstandard.Sidecuttingpiller,etcnon-specialtoolsisnotpermittedtopressandconnect.8.2.2线芯绝缘的切割不得损伤导体，且切口应平整，其切割长度L应等于导体插入接头套筒的长度L1加上2~3mm，见图15。如端部无插头，其绝缘的切割长度应等于插入接线柱的长度。Cuttingwireinsulationshallnotdamageconductorandkerfshallleveloff.CuttinglengthLtobeequaltoconnectionjointsleevelengthL1+2~3mm.Referringdrawing15.Ifnopinattheend,insulationcuttinglengthshallbeequaltolengthofinsertingtoconnectioncolumn.图15drawing151—电缆接头cableconnectionjoint2—线芯导体wireconductor3—线芯绝缘wireinsulationL—线芯绝缘的切割长度wireinsulationcuttinglengthL1—导体插入接头套筒长度lengthofconductorinsertingtoconnectionsleeve8.2.3接头在压接前，应除去线芯导体上的橡皮膜、残渣、油污等。Beforepressandconnection,connectionjointwireconductorshallbeeliminatedrubbervelum,residueandoil,etc.8.2.4压接后的接头外观质量：连接管无裂口、裂纹、电缆脱出等缺陷出现。Appearancequalityafterpressandconnection:connectionpipetobenobreach,crack,cablecomingout,etc.8.3线芯的捆扎Wirepacking8.3.1设备内的芯线束应妥为捆扎，以防松散，捆扎应牢靠、整齐、美观，如线芯束较长时，应适当地加以固定。Properpackwirebranchinsideequipmentincaseofloose.Packingshallbereliable,tidy,etc.Ifwirebranchissomewhatlong,properfixationtobeused.8.3.2线芯束一般可采用塑料旋绕管、小型尼龙扎带等进行捆扎，如设备内有塑料敷线槽，则可以不再另行捆扎。Wirebranchcanbepackedbyplasticconvolutepipeornylonstrip.Noneedadditionalpackingifthereareplasticwirerabbet. 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页8.3.3线芯的余量应留在接线柱附近，备用线芯一般应单独捆扎。Sparelengthofwireshallberemainednearconnectioncolumn.Sparewiresshallbepackedindividually.8.4接线Connection8.4.1将线芯按图样编号正确地接至设备的接线柱。Correctlyconnectwiretoequipmentconnectioncolumnaccordingtodrawing.8.4.2接线的紧固应牢靠、整齐，并应设有防止松脱的弹簧垫圈或锁紧螺母，在接头的两侧均应设有平垫圈。Connectionfixationshallbereliable,tidyandspringgasketorlocknuttobeequipped.Flatgaskettobeequippedatbothsideofconnectionjoint.8.4.3不得用紧固接线柱的螺母来紧固线芯接头，其正确的接线形式见下图16。Nutwhichisusedforfixconnectioncolumncannotbeusedtofixwireconnectionjoint.Correctconnectiontypeisasfollowingdrawing16.图16drawing161—电缆线芯cablewire2—标记号码管ringnumber3—螺母nut4—平垫圈flatgasket5—接线板connectionboard6—弹簧垫圈springgasket7—接线柱connectioncolumn8—电缆接头cablejoint8.5线芯标记Wiresign8.5.1线芯标记上的字母、号码应清晰、耐久，并与设备的接线图标记相符。Letter,numberonwiretagshallbeclear,perdurableandinaccordwithequipmentconnectiondiagram. 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页8.5.2同一设备的线芯标记应排列成同一方向，且不应将字母和号码倒置。Sameequipment,itswiresignshallbeatsamedirectionanditslettersandnumbershallnotbeconverted.8.5.3每一根电缆线芯的标记，应与所连接的设备接线柱标记一一对应。Signofeachcablewireshallbeinaccordwithequipmentterminalboardsign.8.5.4引入设备的电缆线芯应保证同根线芯的两端具有相同的编号。Cablewireshallhavesamesignatbothsideswhenenteringtoequipment. 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页第三章闭杯闪点小于60℃的油船电气设备安装工艺Chapter3Electricequipmentinstallationtechnologyofoiltankers,flashpointbelow60℃1一般要求Generalrequirement1.1在任何危险区域处所，原则上不应安装电气设备。若无法避免，则仅允许安装有相应等级防爆证书的电气设备。Electricequipmentshallnottobeinstalledinhazardousarea.Ifcannotavoid,onlyEX-proofelectricequipmentwithcorrectclasscertificatecanbeinstalled.1.2危险区域处所禁止安装插座。Forbidinstallsocketsathazardousarea.1.3在危险区域或处所使用的可携式照明器具是：Portablelightfixtures,whichcanbeusedathazardousareaasfollowed:ａ带的独立蓄电池的本质安全型、增压型、隔爆型；Exiintrinsicsafetype;Exp,pressuretype;Exdflameprooftypeｂ空气驱动型Airdriventype不应使用由电缆供电的或携式照明灯。Portablelampssuppliedbycableshallnotbeused.1.4油船上的开关和保护装置应能分断全部的极或相，而且应在安全的区域或场所内，设备、开关和保护装置应有清晰而耐久的标志。Switchesorprotectiondeviceonoiltankershallcutallpolarityorphaseandtobelocatedatsafetyarea.Itsnameplateshallbeclearandreliable.1.5安装在露天甲板安全区域内的插座，应与开关联锁，使开关在接通位置时，插头不能插入和拨出，且开关应能分断电路所有的极或相。Socketsinstalledonopendecksafetyareashallbeinterlockedwithswitches.Whenswitchesareconnected,plugcannotbepluggedinandpulledout.Switchescancutallpolarityorphasefromcircuit.1.6油船上禁止采用可换熔体式熔断器。Replaceablefusecannotbeusedonoiltanker.2.危险区域或处所的划分及其电气设备的安装 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页Divisionofhazardousareaandelectricequipmentinstallation划分为危险区域或处所的舱室和空间有：Divisionofhazardousareasasfollowed:2.1.1货油舱Oiltank2.1.2毗邻货油舱的水平隔离空舱、围壁通道、走道、双层底箱形龙骨、管道等处。Horizontalseparatevoid,passageway,doublebottomductkeel,pipe,whichnearoiltank.2.1.3货油泵舱Cargooilpumptank2.1.4直接在货油舱上方的及垂直隔离空舱上方的，而不用气密甲板分隔且无适当机械通风的封闭处所和贮放输油软管的舱室。Closedcabinsaboveoiltank,verticalseparatevoidwithoutgastightdeckdivisionandsuitablemachineryventilation,hosestore.2.1.5离任何货油舱口或危险气体、油蒸气出口，（如货油舱口、货油装卸连接接头安装处，观察孔、洗舱开口、测量管口、油泵舱入口及其通道隔离空舱入口，泵舱通风机出口，输油软管接口）至少3m以内的露天甲板上的半封闭处所，货油舱透气口和呼吸阀出口的周围和上面半径为10m以及从该处向下垂直至甲板为止的园柱体区域。Semi-closedareasonopendeckwithin3metersfromOiltankexit,dangerousgasorsteamexit,(suchascargooilmanifoldjoint,inspectionhole,washingopening,soundingpipeexit,oilpumproomentranceanditspassagewayseparatevoidentrance,pumproomventilationexit).Nearoiltankairholeandbreathervalveexitandcylinderareawithits10maboveradius10m.2.1.6所有货油舱（包括所有货油舱范围内的压载舱）上的露天甲板区域且宽度为全船宽、前后向首、尾各延伸3m，离甲板高度为2.4m以内区域以及有开口直接通向上述任何处所的封闭或半封闭处所。Openareaaboveallcargooiltank(includingallballasttankwithincargooiltank)anditswidthisoverallshipwidth,3mextendtoforeandaft,2.4mhighfromdeckandclosedorsemi-closedareasdirectlytowardsabovespace.2.1.7除隔离空舱以外的其它货油舱毗邻而且在货油舱顶板下面的处所。（例如围壁通道、走道、货舱）Exceptseparatevoid,nearothercargooiltankandbelowcargooiltank.(suchaspassageway,cargohold)在危险区域或处所安装的电气设备及可敷设电缆的具体规定。Detailregulationforlayingcablesandelectricequipmentinstallationinhazardousareas.2.2.1在危险区域或处所安装的防爆电气设备必须符合下表的所示的级别。 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页Ex-proofelectricequipmentinstalledinhazardousareasshallbeinaccordwithlevelsatfollowingtable.危险区域或处所的防爆电气设备类别、级别、温度组别Explosiongroup,temperatureclassofelectricequipmentinstalledinhazardousareas设备型式equipmenttype类别级别explosiongroup温度组别tem.class备注remarks本质安全型“i”EExiⅡAT3分ia、ib二个等级dividedtoiaandib隔爆型“d”ExdⅡAT3增安型“c”ExcⅡT3正压型“p”ExpⅡT3含空气驱动型灯具Includingairdriventypelightfixture例如Ⅱ类本安型iaA级T5组写为：iaⅡAT5IItypeintrinsicallysafeiaAT5canbewritten:iaⅡAT5Ⅱ类隔爆型A级T3组写为：dⅡAT5IItypeflameproofAT3canbewritten:dⅡAT52.2.2在2.1.1项区域可安装的设备为ia级本安型设备。iaintrinsicallysafeequipmentcanbeinstalledinareasforitem2.1.1.2.2.3在2.1.2区域中可安装的设备为：Equipmentcanbeinstalledinareasforitem2.1.2(1)ia级本安型设备iaintrinsicallysafeequipment(2)隔爆型或空气驱动型灯具Flameprooforairdriventypelightfixture(3)电测深装置的传感器，传感器应为全封闭型且应放在一个离开货油舱舱壁的坚固气密围井内。传感器接出的电缆应离开油舱壁敷在厚壁镀锌钢管内，该电缆管离开油舱壁距离不小于50mm，从传感器到上甲板面之间的管子，其接头应为气密，在电缆进入隔离空舱处，管内须以填料封隔。Electricsoundtransducershallbeenclosedtypeandbeputagastightandreliabletrunkfarawayfromcargooiltankbulkhead.Transducercableshallbelaidinsidegalvanizedpipewiththickwall50mmatleastawayfromoiltankbulkhead.Pipefromtransducertoabovedeck,itsjointshallbegastight.Atcableentrancetoseparatevoid,fillingshallbeusedinpipeinordertoclose.(4)可安装仅用于船体外壳保护的外加电流阴极防蚀系统，若电缆必须穿过空舱，到此项电缆自上甲板以下部分应敷在有气密接头的镀锌钢管中。 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页Impressedcurrentcathodeprotectiononlyusedforhullshellprotectioncanbeinstalled.Ifcablemustcomethroughvoid,cablebelowabovedeckshallbelaidinsidegalvanizedpipewithgastightjoint.2.2.4在2.1.3区域中可安装的设备为：Equipmentcanbeinstalledforitem2.1.3:(1)2.2.2项中所允许安装的设备。Equipmenttobepermittedtoinstallforitem2.2.2.(2)ib级的本安型设备ibintrinsicallysafeequipment(3)隔爆型灯具，介于其灯点至少应分成二个独立分路，各分路均应设有接通指示灯，其照明分电箱或灯开关应安装在非危险处所，便于识别，灯具开关和保护电器均应有适当的识别标志，电缆必须穿管敷设。Flameprooflightfixture,atleasttwoindividualcircuitsshallbedivided.Eachcircuitshallbeequippedwithpilotindicationlight.Itslightdistributionorlightswitchesshallbeinstalledinsafeareas,easyforidentify.Lightswitchandprotectionapparatusshallhaveproperidentifysymbol.Cableshallbelaidinsidepipe.(4)除泵舱照明电缆外，在泵舱入口走道处可敷设路过电缆。但此电缆需敷设在气密接头的镀锌钢管内，电缆管与壁板间距离不小于50mm。Exceptlightingcableforpumproom,by-passcablescanbelaidatpumproomentrance.Butthesecablesshallbelaidinsidegalvanizedpipewithgastightjoint.Atleast50mmfromcablepipetobulkheadshallbekept.2.2.5在2.1.4项区域中可安装的设备Equipmentcanbeinstalledforitem2.1.4(1)本安型设备Intrinsicallysafeequipment(2)空气驱动型、隔爆型、增安型、正压型灯具。Airdriventype,flameprooftype,increasedsafetytypeandpressurizedenclosuretypelightfixture.(3)路过电缆By-passcables2.2.6在2.1.5项区域中可安装的设备Equipmentcanbeinstalledforitem2.1.5.(1)适用于露天甲板的合格防爆电气设备。Relativeex-proofequipmentsuitableonweatherdeck.(2)过路电缆，但在这些区域内，不应设置电缆膨胀接头。By-passcable,butexpansionjointshallnotbeequippedintheseareas. 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页2.2.7在2.1.6项区域中可安装的设备Equipmentcanbeinstalledinareasforitem2.1.6.(1)合格的防爆电气设备,在必要时应适用于露天甲板。EligibleEx-proofelectricequipmentcanbeinstalledonopendeckifnecessary.(2)过路电缆，但必须穿管敷设，电缆管距甲板高度不小于200mm，且管子接头应密封。By-passcable,butmustbelaidinsidepipe.200mmhighshallbekeptfromcablepipetodeck.Alsopipejointshallseal.2.2.8在2.1.7项区域中可安装的设备Equipmentcanbeinstalledinareasforitem2.1.7.(1)2.2.2项中所允许安装的设备。Equipmentcanbeinstalledforitem2.2.2.(2)经船级社认可后，可敷设过路电缆。Afterapprovedbyclass,by-passcablescanbelaid.1.3在货油泵舱，水平隔离空舱的照明如采用隔舱照明装在舱壁和甲板的照明用玻璃窗应满足舱壁甲板的机械强度和气密要求。Lightingincargooilpumproom,horizontalseparatevoidshallsatisfybulkheadairtightandmachineryintensityrequirement.3.扩大危险区域或处所的划分及其电气设备的安装Enlargedivisionofhazardousareaandelectricequipmentinstallation3.1全部露天甲板区域、货油舱以前、位于主甲板上的（或）以下有开口直接开向主甲板的处所均为扩大危险区域或处所。Allopendeck,beforecargooiltank,abovemaindeckorbelowmaindeckbutwithentrancetomaindecktobeenlargedashazardousarea.3.2在本区域或处所内的具体规定为：Detailregulationforthisarea.3.2.1采用防爆电气设备Usingflameproofelectricequipment3.2.2采用在工作时不会产生火花和电弧，或故障时能自动脱开且不会产生不容许的表面温度的电气设备。IfnoSparkleandarcishappenedduringworking,orautomaticcomeawayiffailureandunallowedsurfacetemperaturewillnotbeoccurred,theseequipmentcanbeused.3.2.3在爆炸危险存在的短暂期间（如装卸油、洗舱、排气等）不使用的电气设备允许为非防爆型，但应在控制中心站进行切断。 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页EquipmentcanbeofnonEX-proofifitisnotusedduringtransitorytime,whereexplosionisexisted.Butitshallbecutincontrolcenter.4.其它处所电气设备及附加要求Electricequipmentinotherareasandadditionalrequirement4.1除2、3章的危险处所以外的地方均称为其它处所。Areasexcepthazardousinchapter2,3iscalledotherareas.4.2厨房电灶应为全封闭式，电缆、电灶应固定安装。Galleyelectricrangeshallbeenclosedtype.Cableandelectricrangeshallbefixedinstalled.4.3厨房内的其它用电设备的电缆应固定安装，且使用满足规定的接插件。Otherequipmentcablesofgalleyshallbefixedlaid.Socketsandplugshallsatisfyspecialrequirement.Ⅱ类电气设备的组别区分IIelectricequipmentgroupdivision组别group最大安全间隙(MESG)mmmax.safeclearance最小点燃电流比(micr)min.ignitedcurrentratioⅡA0.90.8ⅡB0.5≤MESG＜0.90.45≤MICR＜0.8ⅡC0.50.45Ⅱ类电气设备允许最高表面温度的组别区分IIelectricequipmenthighesttemperaturegroupdivision温度组别temperaturegroup允许最高表面温度(℃)highestsurfacetemperatureT1450T2300T3200T4135T5100T6855.防爆电气设备的基本要求：BasicrequirementofEX-proofelectricequipment防爆电气设备的等级按规格书及相应规范选定，一般说来，EX-proofelectricequipmentdegreeshallbeselectedaccordingtospecificationandclass.Ingeneral,本质安全型和隔爆型合格防爆电气设备的级别和组别至少应为ⅡAT3，IntrinsicallysafetytypeandEx-proofelectricequipment,itsdegreeandgroupshallbeatleastIIAT3. 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页增安型和正压型合格的防爆电气设备的组别至少应为T3，Increasedsafetytypeandpressurizedenclosuretypeelectricequipment,itsdegreeandgroupshallbeatleastT3.本质安全型电气设备的等级至少应为ia，Intrinsicallysafetytypeelectricequipment,itsgradeshallbeatleastia.此外，合格防爆电气设备还应考虑船用环境条件及存在的化学腐蚀的情况。Additional,marineambientandexistedchemicalcorrosionshallbetakenintoaccountforEligibleEx-proofelectricequipment.6.防爆电气设备的安装Ex-proofelectricequipmentinstallation6.1检查防爆电气设备，其防爆型式应符合规定要求，并具有防爆合格证方能上船安装。CheckEx-proofelectricequipment,itsex-prooftypeshallmeetrequirementandshallhaveEx-proofcertificationandthencanbeinstalledonvessel.6.2设备安装前仔细阅读有关产品说明书，按照说明书所规定的要求和方法安装。Readproductionspecificationbeforeequipmentinstallation.Installitaccordingtomethodandrequirement.6.3安装时不必动的部件，严禁无故拆装。Ifnoneedtoremove,strictlyprohibittoremoving.6.4电气设备安装必须可靠紧固并应有防止松脱措施。Electricequipmentinstallationshallbereliable,fastenandshallhavedeviceincaseofloosen.6.5防爆电气设备的进线装置应具有防松和防止电缆拨脱的措施。CableentrancedeviceofEx-proofshallhavemethodtopreventlooseningandcablepullingout.6.6防爆型设备的防爆面处理：Ex-proofsurfacedisposalofEx-proofequipment设备安装时，船厂一般只拆动其静止部分，故需对拆动部分的间隙负责。安装完毕后，必要时用塞规检查其间隙，应符合产品说明书中规定的技术条件。Duringequipmentinstallation,shipyardonlyremovesstaticparts.Soitisshipyardresponsibilitytogap.Afterinstallation,checkgapusedpluggaugeifnecessary.Technicalconditionshallmeetwhichinproductionspecification.拆装时，严禁敲打隔爆面，避免隔爆面上受到任何损伤。Duringremove,strictlyprohibittoknockingEx-proofsurface.Anydamageofex-proofsurfaceshallbeavoided.6.7对多余进线孔的处理：如有多余的进线孔，则应在密封垫前加2mm厚的圆金属垫片，将进线孔封闭。 船舶电气设备安装工艺TECHNOLOGYOFELECTRICALEQUIPMENTINSTALLATIONFORSTEELSHIP第35页共35页Disposalofredundantentranceholes:aftercableentrance,iftherehavesomeredundantentrancehole,2mmringmetalgasketshallbeaddedbeforesealgaskettocloseentranceholes.6.8螺纹隔爆结构：防爆电气设备如采用螺纹隔爆结构，螺纹最少结合牙数为6牙，拧入深度不小于8mm。Screwex-proofstructure:Ifscrewex-proofstructuretobeadoptedforex-proofequipment,screwshallbeatleast6teeth.Screw-indepthshallbenotlessthan8mm.6.9防爆接线盒内壁和可能产生火花部分的金属外壳内壁，涂有耐弧漆，如拆装时偶有损伤，应加以修复。Ex-proofjunctionboxinnerframeanditsmetalinnerframeofparts,wheresparklemaybeoccurred,arc-retardantpaintshallbepainted.Ifdamagedduringremovingbychange,repairingshallbehappen.6.10若安装增强安全型接线盒时,盒内须充填硅橡胶填料。Ifinstallincreasedsafetytypejunctionbox,boxshallfillsiliconrubberfilling.6.11照明灯具铭牌上应清楚地标明允许使用灯管的最大功率。Nameplateonlightfixtureshallmarkmaxpoweroflightbulbclearly.6.12随附在设备（包括照明灯具）上的电缆进入的填料函或基他密封装置严禁拆除或拆换。Strictlyprohibittoremovingorexchangecableglandsorothersealingdeviceattachedtoequipment.(includinglightfixture)'