慈惠道路施工组织设计

'Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand目录第一章编制说明第二章工程概况及特点第三章工程目标第四章施工总体部署第五章施工准备第六章主要施工方法第七章工程投入主要物质和机械设备情况、主要施工机械计划第八章劳动力计划安排和劳务分包第九章确保工程质量技术组织措施第十章确保工期的技术组织措施第十一章确保工程安全生产的技术组织措施第十二章确保文明施工及环境保护的技术措施第十三章季节性施工措施第十四章作好施工协调、预防突发事件ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand第一章编制说明1.1编制依据1.武汉心力艺术制作有限公司设计的东西湖区慈惠农场居住区场前改造工程施工图。2.现场踏勘所了解的有关情况和通过调查所掌握的有关信息。3.国家和行业有关市政管理、环境保护等法律、法规及规定。4.我公司的综合施工能力、机械装备实力、技术力量和施工经验。1.2编制原则1.2.1遵循规定的内容和设计文件要求。1.2.2在仔细考察工程实地，认真研究招标文件和有关规定的基础上，充分考虑标段的特点和场地、设备、人员及气候等实际情况，科学合理地组织施工。1.2.3严格遵照ISO9001：2000国际质量认证体系和施工规范的要求，进行施工管理和质量控制。建立健全质量保证体系，强化安全措施，使各项工作落到实处，为本标段施工的顺利、高效进行，创造良好的条件。1.2.4办公实行电脑自动化，在施工组织机构设立上立足专业化，选配具有丰富施工经验的管理人员和技术专长人员组成强有力的施工组织机构，全面负责施工材料、工程质量及人力、物力、财力的分配、施工进度以及安全保证等。1.2.5在机械及检测仪器配置方面立足高效率的机械化作业及现代化的检测手段，为保证质量、工期提供有力的物资保障。1.2.6ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand在工期安排上，充分考虑各分项工程的施工工期，在保证工程质量的前提下，合理缩短工期，依据图纸的工程量，仔细分析、精心安排各项工程的施工顺序，避免不合理的安排造成的施工干扰及窝工现象。1.2.7在施工方案的制定、施工工艺的选择方面立足规范化和标准化，优先选用科学、先进的施工方法，采用新技术、新工艺、新材料，确保工程质量优良，确保工程工期。1.2.8在安全保证措施方面立足全面性、可靠性及可操作性，确保工程的顺利完成。第二章工程概况及特点2.1工程概况工程名称：东西湖区慈惠农场居住区场前改造工程。工程地点：东西湖区慈惠农场。招标人：东西湖区慈惠农场2.2工程范围、内容及设计要求2.2.1工程范围：宅间路3.5米宽，宅间人行道2.0米宽，DN800排水管，DN600排水管，盖板沟，DN1250检查井，DN1000检查井，人行道两侧安装站石。2.2.2工程内容及设计要求2.2.2.1宅间道路工程：（1）路面结构：15厘米厚水泥砼面层、抗压强度不小于30兆帕，抗折强度不低于4.5兆帕；15厘米厚5：7：88石屑基层，7天饱水抗压，强度不低于2.5兆帕。（2）路面排水采用单向2%坡排水。2.2.2.2宅间人行道工程：ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand面层为6厘米厚广场砖，基层为15厘米厚5：7：88石屑基层。2.2.2.3排水工程（1）排水工程包括DN800、DN600排水管（2）管材、基础及接口：雨水管道为120°砼基础、1：2.5水泥砂浆抹带接口，均采用平接管。（3）盖板沟为砖砌，预制盖板。（4）检查井为DN1250、DN1000两种。2.3工程外围环境外围环境良好，交通便利，适合分段施工。2.4工程特点：（1）施工内容：道路工程、排水工程。（2）整个工程施工阶段处于多雨高温阶段，要切实做好雨季施工和高温气候条件下的施工。（3）工期紧，对整个工程要全盘了解，合理安排。三、工程目标3.1质量目标我公司将以“高速、优质、低耗”的原则，精心组织施工，承诺创优良工程：若达不到优良，愿按工程造价的1‰处罚。3.2工期目标我公司承诺自建设单位批准开工之日起，保证在要求工期内完成，每延误一天按1000元/天处罚，最高不超过工程造的10000.00元。3.3安全目标ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand安全目标为：重大伤亡事故发生率为零，一般安全事故发生率控制在要求以内，若达不到，愿按工程造价的1‰处罚。3.4文明施工目标：创文明施工工地：若达不到，愿按工程造价的1‰处罚。四、施工总体部署4.1项目经理部组建本工程将配备高素质的施工管理人员组成项目经理部，全面负责本工程的施工（所有人员均持有相应的职称证书和岗位证书）。组织机构组成如下图4.1所示：图4.1项目经理部施工组织机构图项目经理项目总工项目副经理办公室物资设计部计划设计部质量安全部施工技术部排水施工二队排水施工一队道路施工队ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand4.2施工总体指导思想：“分段施工，流水作业，先下游后上游，先深后浅，先地下后地上，先主体后附属”。4.3施工总平面布置4.3.1施工总平面布置的原则（1）本着有利于施工，方便生活，易于管理、安全可靠的原则进行工程的施工总平面布置规划。（2）根据本工程招标文件、图纸及现场考察情况布置各生产、生活设施。（3）场地布置充分利用现场地形，合理安排场地，缩短运输距离，减少征地及占地范围。（4）坚持环境保护的原则，工程完工后，立即转移、拆毁、消除和处理全部临时工程，把所有道路、坡路或由于修筑临时工程时占用的区域清理好。4.3.2临时设施本工程施工区域路线长，工期紧，因此考虑就近租用当地民房作办公及生活用房，利用空地建立临时设施及砼搅拌站，砼运输距离约200米。其主要临时设施详见“表4-2临时设施一览表”及“附图一：施工总平面布置图”。表4-2：临时设施一览表用途面积（M2）位置需用时间（天）办公及生活用房80租用民房民工住房150租用民房试验室12指定临设用地小型机具仓库30指定临设用地砼搅拌站30指定临设用地ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand砂、石、石屑、料场200指定临设用地水泥仓库50指定临设用地蓄水池4厕所20指定临设用地配电房8值班室8指定临设用地污水沉淀池8指定临设用地合计4.3.3施工区临时排水、施工围墙（1）施工前应调查其路面排水系统，若无排水出路应先解决排水的施工问题，再进行路面的施工。（2）在搅拌站设污水沉淀池，施工废水必须经污水沉淀池过滤沉淀后，再排入现有的污水排水系统。（3）施工现场之道口拟租用彩色钢制波形板围栏，进行半封闭施工。并在围蔽悬挂醒目的安全标志及文明施工标志牌。4.3.4施工用电、用水、通讯（1）施工用电：本工程施工时可在招标单位的协调下，就近接入施工电源，并接入施工区现场配电箱。用电系统采用“三相五线”制，并按“一机一闸一漏电保护”的形式进行配置，确保用电安全。同时项目部配备一台30KW柴油发电机作为备用电源，以保证工程顺利施工。（2）施工用水：搅拌站考虑在施工区内租地建站，施工用水就近接入。施工沿途用水及砼养护用水可与施工区内的居民或单位协调解决。（3）通讯：项目部在办公室报装一部电话对外通讯。在项目部成员之间，使用大功率对讲机，便于施工调度及联系。4.3.5交通及维护ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand（1）工程位于长青社区，施工现场对外交通十分便利，能满足施工需求。项目部拟配备一台双排座对外交通用车。（2）在施工时设立交通维护疏导小组，设专人进行现场交通的维护和疏导，确保施工时的交通畅通，保证车辆及行人的出行方便。（3）道口悬挂警示灯，各路口设置明显的交通指示牌，交通疏导员指挥交通时佩戴袖章，手持指挥旗和对讲机，按交通指示牌指挥车辆行驶，及时向项目经理报告交通情况。（4）及时报告现场交通状况，有必要时打开施工围栏，疏通车辆后再围护。（5）施工范围的工程车，严格按交通指挥员指挥行驶，礼让其它车辆；严禁占道装、卸施工材料，不允许无证无牌车辆进入施工现场。（6）交通疏通小组每天在疏解交通范围的道路进行检查，查看道路损坏情况，发现有阻碍交通的障碍物时，有专人负责，及时将路面情况报告项目经理，并采取清除、维修措施。（7）施工现场储备维修道路用的石屑、碎石等材料及机械设备，路面损坏时能及时维修。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand第五章施工准备5.1施工前期准备进场前期准备工作主要为表5-1所列各项的准备工作，我公司中标后将严格按照此计划执行。表5-1主要施工准备工作计划表序号施工准备工作内容负责机构涉及单位及机构要求完成时间1熟悉图纸搜集资料公司经营办公室招标单位开工前7天2编制施工概预算公司经营办公室材料及设备供方开工前7天3编制施工组织计划项目部工程科公司技术科签订合同后7天内4机械（机具）计划项目部物资科公司设备科签订合同后7天内5材料采购计划项目物资科公司材料科签订合同后7天内6施工现场试验项目部工程科试验室开工前7天内7施工用水、用电项目部水电班招标单位、当地居民、单位开工前3天内8施工临时设施项目部当地居民、单位开工前3天内9现场测量控制网项目部测量组招标单位、设计单位、施工队开工后7天内5.2技术准备5.2.1熟悉、审查施工图纸和有关的设计资料，形成内部的自审记录，协助招标单位组织专业图纸会审。进行现场踏勘、调查、搜集现场相关原始资料。5.2.2ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand自然条件、技术经济条件的调查分析，编制详细的施工组织设计，对重点和特殊部位的施工进行重点描述，同时编制指导整个施工过程的《质量计划》。5.2.3搜集工程相关的施工技术规范及检验评定标准1、《室外排水设计规范》GBJ14-872、《给排水管道工程施工及验收规范》GB50268-973、《砌体结构设计规范》GB5003-20014、《建筑地基基础设计规范》GB5007-20025、《市政排水管渠工程质量检验评定标准》CJJ3-906、《市政道路工程质量检验评定标准》CJJ1-907、《城市道路设计规范》CJJ37-908、《公路水泥混凝土路面设计规范》JTJ012-949、《城市道路和建筑物无障碍设计规范》JGJ50-200110、《水泥砼路面施工及验收规范》GBJ97-8711、《城市道路路基工程施工及验收规范》CJJ44-9112、《建筑施工安全检查标准》JGJ59-995.2.4建立测量控制网，对现状路面进行复核根据招标单位提供的测量控制点进行方位和高程复核；在本工程沿线布置控制点，形成测量控制网，对重点位要做好保护措施，防止丢失或破坏。5.2.5做好各类进场原材料的检验及砼、砂浆的试配工作。5.2.6制定各项管理制度，编制各项作业指导书，制定各层次的技术、安全、质量、文明施工、现场管理制度。5.2.7组建工地实验室，并作好材料的“见证取样”送检试验。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand5.3劳动力准备根据本工程的特点及工期要求，我公司投入劳动为85人，均为具有丰富的市政工程施工经验的市政工程人员。我公司将按照施工进度计划，合理安排各工种人员进入施工现场，并在进场前分批进行岗前培训和安全文明施工教育。5.4材料准备中标后按照工程合同条款及施工计划安排，坚持“急用先进”的原则，组织货源，制定材料进场总计划，利用长期材料供货的关系和所掌握的产品质量、信誉等联系供货厂家，并对所供材料进行“见证取样”，送检试验。工程所用材料需试验合格，且经监理工程师认可后，再行签订供货合同，保证工程材料及时准确的进入现场。5.5机械设备准备机械设备选择是保证施工顺利进行的重要条件，根据本工程的规模、特点和工期要求，我们已对拟投入的反铲挖掘机、自卸汽车、推土机、振动压路机、砼混合料拌合设备等进行维修保养。目前所有机械设备状况良好，中标后，在三天内机械可进入施工现场，投入施工生产。第六章主要施工方法6.1排水管道施工6.1.1排水管道施工程序施工准备→测量放线→机械开挖沟槽→人工修整槽底→浇筑砼平基→下管、安管→砼管座及接口→养护→检查井砌筑→盖板预制安装→沟槽土方回填夯实6.1.2主要工序施工技术措施ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand6.1.2.1施工测量技术措施（1）施工时必须校核下游出水口及上游相接延拓管底高程，然后将施工图上的设计管涵中心线放于实地，实地定出管涵线起止点、交点等，并在适当地点设置施工控制桩，控制桩应妥善保护。（2）根据建设单位提供的水准点，沿管道线路设临时水准点，每隔50米左右设一个，选在稳固和透视良好的地方，水准点的附合路线闭合差必须符合规范要求。6.1.2.2沟槽土方开挖沟槽土方开挖前进行技术及安全交底。开挖时严格控制沟底设计标高，防止超挖扰动基底持力土层，施工时按基底设计标高预留10厘米左右土层，采用人工清理并修整至设计高度，杜绝超挖如有超挖，需采用级配碎石料或低标号砼回填。在沟槽开挖中应及时放坡，若挖方区遇至不良土质，必须以书面形式向业主联系报告，由建设方、监理方与设计单位，质监部门共同审定出方案，经业主同意后进行施工。6.1.2.3施工过程排水沟槽形成采取纵向或纵，横双向明沟排水，每段作为一施工段，每施工段设集水井一个。集水井应设在段中间部分，其底部标高应于沟槽标高0.6米，以利抽排，具体设置排水沟在雨水管道外侧，严禁沟槽带水作业现象发生，若有地下水，渗水一侧排水沟应挖得更深宽以利排水。6.1.2.4平基砼施工现场浇捣排水管平基的砼为C10，各类检查井平基为C20ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand砼，必须按设计配合比进行搅拌，机动翻斗车运输，浇筑时，为防止砼离析现象发生，采用1米左右宽的溜槽或串筒，浇筑前要组织检查，支撑应牢固，横板必须要严密稳固，高度和宽度必须符合设计要求，浇筑砼时分两种情况考虑，10CM厚采用平板振动，10CM以上的采用振动棒和平板振动器，振动时严禁漏振。砼浇筑应连续作业，每一井段一次性成型，完成浇筑后应及时养护，待砼强度达到设计强度的70%以上，方可安装砼管节及进行管座浇筑及抹带。6.1.2.5砼管座及接口现浇管座的砼为C10。浇筑前要组织检查，支模要牢固，模板必要稳固，各项尺寸要符合设计及规范要求，浇筑砼时采用插入式振动棒，振捣到不再冒汽泡并开始泛浆为止，砼浇筑应连续进行，每一井段应一次性成型。每个接口必须事先凿毛并加以清洗，再按规范要求做接口，接口要及时覆盖，湿水养护。砼管座施工为关键部位，不容易密实，必须充分振捣，接口施工时及时养护。6.1.2.6砖砌检查井施工在砼基础上砌筑前，应先将表现清扫、凿毛，并用水冲刷干净，在砼接近终凝时，直接在砼上按设计位置砌筑第一层砖。砌筑时，红砖应浇水湿润；砂浆应饱满；砌体应上下错缝，内外搭接；灰缝厚度控制在1CM左右；检查井内爬梯及脚窝应严格按照标准图集的规定施工，井内管道口应砌成流槽，以利流水畅通及避免泥砂子阻塞，井筒必须有序收口，不允许忽大忽小。检查井盖板按设计要求施工，预制砼采用现场就近预制，预制时钢筋安装要到位，检查井周边必须按设计加固，砼配合比要严格控制，设计尺寸要控制好，养护要及时，安装要准确，井盖二次砼浇筑缝大小一致，灌缝严密、美观。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand砂浆抹面厚度必须按设计施工，水泥砂浆抹面宜分两道抹面成型。第一道砂浆抹面后，用直尺刮平，再用木槎搓平，待水泥浆终凝后，及时粉刷第二道水泥砂浆，压实抹光，及时养护。6.1.2.8沟槽土方回填沟槽回填前，将槽内积水杂物清除干净，确保回填土在无水状态下回填，回填时不得回填淤泥、腐植土、有机物及大块状物。管涵两侧用人工配合电动夯实机具对称回填，分层夯实，分层厚度为15CM，回填虚铺厚度不超过30CM，每层的夯实遍数应根据土质情况而定，铺填厚度、含水量大小，经现场试验确定，压实度必须达到设计要求。6.2道路工程6.2.1土路基施工土路基在管道沟槽回填后即可进行施工。（1）测量放样根据设计交桩进行复测，设置控制点，并报监审查。用全站设点，放样出中心桩、边线桩，并作好保护桩。便于施工控制，用白灰划出填挖边线。（2）路基开工前，在路基外侧沿纵向挖明沟，以利排除积水，并做好施工期间的排水措施，保证施工期间排水畅通。（3）路基填筑采用场内土方回填、汽车运输、振动压路机碾压、分层填筑。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand（4）路基填筑应按设计断面分层填筑压实，分层填土厚度不超过30CM，填筑压实宽度不得小于设计宽度，以便最后削皮，严禁贴坡，填筑应逐段分层进行，先填低洼地段，后填一般地段，先填路中，再填路边，保持有一定的路拱和纵坡。纵向若有斜坡，先将边坡挖成阶梯形，然后分层填筑压实，分阶高度一般为20CM，高度比为1：1：5。压路机碾压应遵循先轻后重、先稳后振、先慢后快、先边后中、先高后低以及轮迹重叠等原则，且碾压轮应超过两施工段的接缝。压路机碾压不到的部位，采用蛙式电动打夯机，循序夯实，夯击面沿道路纵向且每次相互重叠一半，防止漏夯。路基分层填筑压完成以后，应立即取土样做试验，并记录其结果。如达不到设计要求，必须重新碾压，只到达到要求为止。土路基压实度要求达到95%，采用重型击实标准。6.2.25：7：88水泥石灰石屑基层施工。6.2.2.15：7：88水泥石灰石屑基层工艺流程：（见下图）施工放样摊铺混合料试块留置集中搅拌混合料整形碾压接缝处理养护6.2.2.25：7：88水泥石灰石屑基层施工工艺。1、施工方法：ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand（1）水泥采用32.5兆帕普通硅酸盐水泥。（2）两灰石屑基层其7天饱水抗压强度应不小于2.5兆帕。压实度应达到95%。2、搅拌、运输：两灰石屑基层混合料在搅拌站内进行集中搅拌，严格按配合比控制材料用量。在正式拌合前要根据原材料的含水量调整施工配合比，使混合料的含水量达到规定的要求。在拌制中如发现碎石的颗粒组成的有明显变化，应重新调整材料级配。搅拌时混合料应充分拌合均匀，拌合好的混合料要尽快摊铺，尽可能缩短从加水拌合到碾压终了的延迟时间。混合料采用自卸车运输，车辆在已完成的铺筑层表面上通过时，速度宜缓，以减少不均匀碾压。3、摊铺两灰石屑基层用人工进行摊铺，松铺系数以现场实验段得出结果为准，摊铺时沿整幅路面铺沿，不设纵缝，工作接缝应设置挡头模板。人工摊铺时，严禁抛掷和耧耙，以防离析。摊铺时应严格掌握基层厚度和高程，其纵横坡应与面层一致，严禁用薄层贴补的方法进行找平。4、碾压（1）摊铺时，要及时进行碾压，遵循“先轻后重，先边后中，由底至高，轮迹重迭2/3”原则进行碾压。压路机碾压时从两侧逐渐压向中间，每次碾压轮应有0.5-1米的重叠度，避免漏压。压路机行驶速度不得大于2KM/小时，压实遍数为6-9遍，以轮子的下沉量压至不超过1CM为度。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand（2）碾压时对接头处应作重点处理，接头处留50CM宽暂不碾压，等继后连接铺筑时一并压实，或将已部分翻松约30-50CM，并和新铺的拌和料加水拌合铺筑，然后进行碾压。（3）铺筑碾压后，施工员立即复测标高及平整度，对不符合点及时调整、修正，保证完成面高程符合设计要求。（4）碾压完后，施工机械不宜在已成型的路段上“调头”，如必须在其上进行，必须采取保护措施。（5）雨季施工时应特别注意天气的变化，勿使混合料遭雨。降雨时应停止施工，但已摊铺的混合烂漫应尽快碾压密实。不应用人工进行二次拌合。（6）两灰石屑基层碾压密实后，应及时进行保温养生。在未铺面层时，除施工车辆外，禁止一切机动车辆通行。5、基层修整、质量检查5：7：88两灰石屑基层碾压完成后，外面应平整密实、边线整齐、无松散、坑洼、软弹现象，施工接茬要求平整。6.2.3砼面层施工在本工程施工道路面层中，其车行道为15CM厚C30砼。为本工程关键工序，必须制定科学合理的施工方案。其检查标准见下表项次项目规定值或允许偏值检验方法1压实度（%）≥95按JTJ059-95要求检查每作业段或不超过2000M2检查6次以上2平整度（MM）≤123M直尺；每200米测2处×10尺ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand3纵断高程（MM）+5、-15水准仪：每20延米一个断面，每个断面3-5个点4宽度（MM）不小于设计值尺量：每40延米1处5厚度（%）-10按JTJ059-95要求每1500-2000M2检查6个点6横坡±0.3水准仪：每100延米3处7强度（兆帕）≥2.5兆帕按JTJ059-956.2.3.1施工工艺流程原材料准备施工放样支模材料检验砼摊铺机摊铺砼集中搅拌砼运输砼摊铺机摊铺振捣器振捣钢滚筒滚平抹光机抹平人工收光、拉毛机械切缝、灌缝养生ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand6.2.3.2施工方法：1、原材料水泥采用32.5兆帕普通硅酸盐水砂采用中粗砂，碎石用2-4CM连续级配的碎石，工程施工前先将原材料送试验室作试验配合比，施工时，根据砂石料含量的变化调整试验配合比，严格按配合比进行计量施工。2、道路支模（1）模板采用钢模和木模相结合，木模采用风干的松板，、杉板等木模，木模鹌鹑在5CM以上，弯道部分可用1.5-2CM厚的木模，宽度为4-6米，长度与路面板等长。（2）严格标高及位置要求支模，内外用钢钎固定，内钎应高出模板，以利拨除，间距1-1.5米，钢钎在水泥稳定碎石基层上用电钻打眼布置，并且木楔嵌紧。（3）支模完成后在模板内侧涂砼脱模剂，脱模剂应涂刷均匀，不得污染基层。（4）浇筑前要对模板进行校核，严格控制路面高程，模板设置必须牢固，在施工工作工作荷载作用下不得有松动、跑模、下沉等现象，模板拼缝必须严密，不得漏浆，模内必须洁净。3、混凝土搅拌（1）混凝土在施工现场搅拌前瞻性进行集中搅拌，混凝土严格控制计量和搅拌，并配备齐全的检测设备和手段，确保砼质量。（2）车行道路面砼抗压强度≥30兆帕，抗折强度≥4.5ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand兆帕。搅拌时应按规范进行砼试块的留置。4、混凝土运输、摊铺砼采用砼运输车进行运输，用人工进行摊铺。人工摊铺时，严禁抛掷和耧耙，以防离析，表面平整进，应选用较细的碎石混合料，严禁用纯砂浆找平。摊铺应在整个宽度内连续进行，尽量不留施工缝，如确需留施工缝应按胀缝处理。砼浇筑前应先将基层水湿润。5、混凝土浇筑（1）道路进行面层砼的浇筑，特别注意中板路面为弧线型，应严格控制。（2）砼先用插入式振动棒进行振捣，后用振动梁进行振捣拖平。振捣器在一点振捣的持续时间以砼停止下沉，不再冒气泡并泛出水泥砂浆为准，并不宜过振，用平板式振捣器时不宜少于15秒，水灰比小于0.45时不宜少于30秒，用插入式振捣器时不宜少于20秒，也可以采用联合振捣方式，振捣时应辅以人工找平，并应随时检查模板，如有下沉，变动或松动时就及时纠正。（3）路面收浆必须在砼终凝前完成，并不得少于三遍，收浆时严禁采用洒水，撒干水泥等方法进行修整。（4）车行道要求压纹，压纹深度1.2MM，宽0.3MM，间距20-30MM。6、板缝处理（1）混凝土路面纵向采用平缝形成，并且发缝机进行切缝，缝深5CM，缝宽0.6CM，用聚氯乙烯胶泥填缝。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand（2）横向设缩缝，缩缝间距按板宽：板块按3.5米×5米（两侧边板）；3.4米×5米（中间板块）横向施工缝为假缝，采用切缝机锯缝，缝深5CM，缝宽0.6CM.（3）道路胀缝处采用2.5CM沥青木屑板进行分隔，在其上部用聚氯乙烯胶泥填缝。同时在与胀缝相邻的三条缩缝增设传力杆。在砼路面起止点板边设边缘钢筋。（4）砼分段浇筑时，其分段长度应与胀缝一致，尽量少设施工缝，当需留设施工缝时，其位置应设置在缩缝处，并按胀缝形式进行处理。（5）砼浇筑完后24小时内用切缝机切缝，按设计作好纵横缝、胀缩缝的施工，聚氯乙烯胶泥填缝在浇筑7天后进行，填缝前将缝中砂石屑和尘垢碎末清除干净后，将聚氯乙烯胶泥灌入干燥的填缝内，务必使之与缝壁粘合紧密，填缝需溢满缝外，表面撒黄砂。7、养生（1）砼浇筑完成2-3小时后用草袋浇水进行养护，每天浇水时不小于8升/平方米，养护时间不得少于7天。（2）砼养护期和填缝前应禁止通行，当砼达到40%强度后（约4-7天），才能行人，在砼浇筑14天，并达到强度70%后才允许小车、轻型交通车通行，在砼浇筑28天达到100%强度后正常使用。8、质量检验（1）砼面板表面脱皮、印痕、裂纹、露面、蜂面、麻面、缺边、掉角等在缺陷的面积不得超过受检面积的0.2%.ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand(2)砼的断板数不得超过评检路段砼板总数的0.2%。（3）路面边线直顺、曲线圆滑。接缝填料饱满密实，粘结牢固、缝缘清洁整齐。（4）水泥混凝土面板检查项目应符合下表要求：项次项目规定值或允许偏差检验方法1弯拉强度（兆帕）合格标准之内按JT059-95的要求进行检查2板厚度（MM）-5按JYJ071-98附录H检查每200米每车道2处3平整度（MM）1.5平整度仪：全线每车道连续检测每100米计算IRJ或UIRJ4抗滑构造深度0.8砂铺法：每200米测一处5相邻板高差（MM）2抽量：每条胀缝2点、每200米抽纵、横缝各2点，每条2点6纵、横缝直顺度（MM）10纵缝20米拉线，每200米4处，横缝沿板宽拉线，每200米4条7中线平面偏位20经纬仪：每200米测4点8路面宽度（MM）±20抽量：每200米测处9纵断高程（MM）+5、-15水准仪：每20延米一个断面，每个断面3-5年点10横坡（%）±0.3水准仪：每100延米3处6.2.4人行道6.2.4.1施工工艺流程：场地平整压实→铺筑→铺筑15CM厚5：7：88两石屑基层→2CM厚1：2水泥→砂浆座浆→6CM厚广场砖。6.2.4.2施工方法：ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand（1）场地找平后，再用压路机进行碾压密实，压实度达到90%。（2）土基密实稳定后可浇筑15CM厚5：7：88两灰石屑基层，两灰石屑基层的施工同前面快车道基层施工。（3）水泥砂浆拌合、运输：水泥砂浆拌合和拟采用砼搅拌机在现场机拌，运输以农用车为主、人力斗车为辅；搅拌时注意砂浆原材料及配合比，随时搅拌，运输距离不超过500M。（4）在砂浆摊铺及步砖铺砌过程中，要不断用3M直尺检查纵横平整度，并挂线检查纵横缝。铺砌完成随时将光亮板擦拭干净，并注意封闭养护。6.2.5站石6.2.5.1施工工艺流程：基底处理→站石排砌→基础稳固→勾缝养生6.2.5.2施工方法（1）基础施工：站卧石基础为5：7：88两灰石屑基层，站卧石下基层应在道路基层施工时一起成型。站卧施工时再根据设计放线开挖沟槽，站石后基础待站石安装到位后再帮衬。（2）排砌站卧石：站卧石施工根据施工图确定的站石平面位置和顶面标高，放出施工线，人行道斜坡处的站石一般比卧石高出2-3CM，两端接头应做成斜坡，直线段采用长100CM站石，曲线半径大于15米，采用100CM站石，曲线半径小于15米或圆角部分；视半径大小采用60CM或30CM的站石。相邻站石接缝必须平齐、缝宽1CM，检查无误后及时采用5：7：88两灰石屑基层稳固，卧石施工，卧石与站石错缝对中相接，缝宽1CM，与站石间缝隙≤ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand1CM，卧石与路面边线垂直。灌缝用水泥砂浆抗压强度应＞10兆帕，灌缝必须饱满嵌实，勾缝以平缝或凹缝为宜。接缝湿润养护不少于3天。第七章工程投入主要物资和机械设备情况、主要施工机械计划7.1材料计划7.1.1材料要求本工程施工主要材料为水泥、碎石、砂、石屑、人行道步砖等。（1）水泥：要求采用32.5兆帕普通硅酸盐水泥。（2）2-4CM碎石：碎石同岩石或砾石轧制而成，应洁净、干燥，并有足够的强度和耐磨性，不得含软质和其它杂质，压碎值不大于35%，针片状含量不大于20%。（3）中粗砂：砂应洁、干燥、坚硬、无风化、无杂质，含泥量不大于3%。（4）石屑：石屑系机械拌制而成，要求具有一定的级配。主要材料及物资表序号名称单位数量备注1水泥32.5T4502钢筋T6.23100×12×30CM站石M16464石屑M310455钢筋混凝土管道ф800M232.36钢筋混凝土管道ф600M2307中粗砂M36688生石灰T1259机砖千块236ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand7.2.2材料的采购建立项目部工程材料供应体系，根据施工进度制定灵活的、合理的材料供应计划。材料采购人员负责向供应商索取其所供材料的合格证书及相关试验材料。项目部在材料的订购或自采加工之前，应取得监理工程师的同意，任何作业凡使用了未经监理工程师批准的材料，不论该作业正在进行或已完成，项目部均应拆除并重建。7.2.3材料的测试各种材料均按规定进行抽检、试验，经检验不合格的材料严禁进入施工现场。材料的取样与试验频率应符合有关规范的规定，所有取样应监理工程师在场情况下进行。项目部为监理工程师的试验与取样提供方便。7.2.4材料的运输与贮存各类材料的搬运方式，均应保证其质量不受损坏、环境不受污染。混合料的车辆运送应防止运送途中漏失和分离。材料堆存以前，堆存场地应进行清理、平整、硬化与围砌。材料根据材质采用分类堆放的贮存方式，保证其质量的完好，不使其污染环境，又便于检查。7.2.5检测试验设备计划本工程的施工过程期间，做好相关的的试验工作，在施工场地配备工程所需的常规试验检测仪器。各种试验设备均为计量部门检定并通过有关质量监督站的资质认证，现场监理工程师审查批准。同时委派有实践经验的试验工程师负责各项试验工作，并负责试验设备维护一维修等工作。本工程所用测量仪器及配套设备全部自备，其中主要测量仪器均经计量测试所检定合格。施工正式使用前由现场监理工程师审核批准。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand测量设备由专职测量人员负责保管，使用时轻拿轻放，仪器使用后立即放入配套的仪器箱内，不能在工地上乱扔乱放，避免因碰撞造成误差，主要试验及测量设备见表7-2。表7-2：现场主要试验、测量设备一览表序号仪器设备及名称规格型号单位数量1砼抗压试模套42砼抗折试模套43灌砂筒及标准砂组14铝盒个185环刀个96风热鼓风干燥箱0-300台17天平TGA628-A台18台秤TGT-100台19全站仪拓普康套110经纬仪J2套211精密水准仪S3套412钢卷尺50米套27.2.6机械设备计划在施工现场需配置类型齐全并与施工质量和进度相适应的施工机械设备。其机械状况以满足工程要求为原则。同时，在施工现场设立专门的维修人员对机械设备进行维修和保养。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand施工机械在使用与操作过程中，以不使施工区结构物、邻近的公用设施、财产或其它设施受到损坏、损坏或造成污染为作业原则。同时服从监理工程师的安排。主要机械设备配置见表7-3表7-3：主要施工机械设备计划及进场时间安排表序号机械设备名称规格型号数量国别产地制造年份额定功率（千瓦）生产能力备注1自卸汽车东风14010成都19984吨本工程所用机械设备随工程实际进度随时进场2振动式压路机CA181成都199912018吨3小型压路机TZ1.41徐州2000408吨4电动打夯机WD6002徐州2002300.5吨5反铲挖掘机2KATA19981.2立方米6混凝土搅拌机JQW5002郑州200018500升7混凝土运输车农用车620001立方米8平板式振捣器ZB34佛山200039插入式振捣器ZN504洛阳20012.22.2千瓦10路面切缝机QF-400B3济南200055千瓦11机械抹光机Q102徐州19991010千瓦12拉毛器L-34重庆200113水泵6BA-18A4天津20025.55.5千瓦14柴油发电机组E301广州19983030千瓦ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand第八章劳动力计划安排和劳务分包8.1劳动力计划安排以项目经理部为骨架,在公司内调配各专业施工队,项目部在现场办公，对施工人员进行面对面的管理监督，并根据现场施工情况，合理安排劳动力需求计划，以满足施工的要求。现场施工的主要劳务人员有机械操作工、砼工、模板工、瓦工、水电工及普工。本工程施工中，各工种劳务人员应具有相应工种的上岗证。项目经理部对各劳务工种施工队做到层层负责，层层分工，建立明确的奖惩制度，由项目经理部对工程施工的各处环节制定相应的考核指标，并以此作为考核和奖惩依据。第九章确保工程质量的技术组织措施9.1质量管理原则本工程质量目标为：工序验收合格率达到100%，单位工程质量等级达到优良标准。我公司为实现本工程的质量目标，将按照ISO9001：2000质量保证体系的要求，建立健全质量保证体系。施工中运用现代化质量管理方法，确定质量控制重点，科学组织、强化施工方案，强化过程控制，确保每道工序质量，实现本工程质量的动态优化管理。树立上道工作为下道工作服务、上道工序为下道工序服务、管理工作为现场工作服务的思想，用工作质量保工序质量，工序质量保工程质量，确保工程达到优良标准，实现质量目标。9.2质量保证体系9.2.1质量管理组织机构ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand为保证工程质量，必须建立健全质量保证体系。在项目经理部成立质量管理领导小组，由项目经理挂帅，总工程师及质检人员共同参与组成，所有人员必须持证上岗，明确各层级的职责，通过下级与上级签定责任合同，落实各层级的岗位责任，各级管理部门和人员职责明确、权限明确，各司其职，各负其责。9.2.2各级质量管理职责（1）项目经理质量管理职责：组织项目部制定具体实施措施，根据计划落实质量责任制，全面履行本工程的质量管理职责，主持、审核、落实全面质量管理措施。（2）总工程师质量管理职责：组织制定项目工程的质量保证措施，严格进行施工技术和质量检验管理，实施本项目的质量计划，加强施工过程中的质量控制。（3）质检人员质量管理职责：掌握施工过程中的质量生产动态，及时反馈各种有关信息，协助上级管理层分析质量状况，提出纠正及预防措施，在施工过程中进行质量监督实施，做好质量记录。（4）材料人员质量管理职责：熟悉各种材料的规格及验收标准，对进场材料进行严格把关，实行计划用料，加强材料现场管理和使用，建立材料台帐制度。（5）试验人员质量管理职责：根据检验、试验规范和规程的标准，负责施工过程中的原材料检验工作，及时处理检验和试验中的技术问题，收集、整理检验和试验报告，及时上报。9.3工程质量的保证措施9.3.1工序质量的保证ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand（1）该工程的质量控制，以工序质量控制为基础和核心，每道工序都必须实行三检制，逐级报检、逐级签字。每一级检验合格签字后方可报上一级质检部门检查，最后经监理工程师检查并签证后，再进行下道工序的施工，质检过程不得越级报检（见图9-1）工序施工班组自检质检组复检监理工程师抽检下道工序图9-1：工序质量管理程序图（2）对工序质量控制主要包括两个方面的监控：对工序活动条件的监控和工序活动效果的监控（见图9-2）ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand工程质量监控工序活动效果监控工序活动条件监控施工过程的监控施工准备的监控分析判断机械设备监控材料、半成品监控纠正认可实测施工环境监控工艺方法监控人员监控图9-2：施工工序质量监控图9.3.2加强现场试验工作在工程施工时设立现场试验室，试验室全面实施对工程所用材料的检测试验和质量控制。检测及试验人员必须持证上岗。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand质量检测试验设备的配备主要依据我单位现有的设备能力及现场施工工序和工期要求进行配备，并在开工通知书发布后3天内备齐，且能供监理工程师使用。现场试验室配备常规土工试验及砼、砂浆试验工作的仪器设备，以满足工程检测及试验的需要。现场试验室不能进行的试验项目或监理工程师要求第三方检测的项目，将委托当地具有相当资质的检测单位进行。9.3.3完善质量管理制度9.3.3.1图纸会审及设计变更技术核定制度：（1）有领导、有组织、有步骤地做好图纸会审工作。会审图纸的内容主要有：图纸及说明是否完整、齐全、清楚，图中尺寸、坐标、轴线、各种管线等是否准确，一套图纸及设计说明是否一致；互相联系的各套图纸是否有矛盾；同一设计的地上与地下部分是否吻合。（2）重要结构的设计在强度、刚度、稳定性方面有无问题；主要部位的结构构造是否合理。（3）施工技术装备条件能否满足工程设计的要求；采用新结构、新工艺、新技术的设计，施工单位在技术上有无困难，能否确保工程质量和安全施工的要求。（4）各种图纸之间是否有矛盾；在互相交叉施工时有无问题。（5）设计所选用的各种材料、配件、构件（包括特殊和新型的），在采购供应时，其品种、规格、性能、质量、数量等方面能否满足设计需要。（6）其它有关问题及合理化建议。（7）在施工过程中，由于种种原因需对设计图纸进行修改时，必须严格按照规定程序办理工程设计变更，严格执行技术核定制度。对工程变更内容，召集有关部门在技术上、经济上、质量上和使用功能上充分研究、协商，当各方取得一致意见后，以文字形式记录下来，并由技术负责人签署，工程设计变更联系单应认真的整理并归入档案。9.3.3.2施工日记和施工记录制度ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand从开始施工时，以技术负责人为主，项目部全体技术人员参与，按单位工程分别记录日记，直至工程竣工。施工日记逐日记录，不允许中断，必须保持其完整，施工日记在工程竣工后列入技术档案保存。施工日记的主要内容有：1、日期、气候：2、工程部位、施工队组：3、施工活动记载：（1）主要分部、分项工程施工的起止日期；（2）施工中的特殊情况（停水、停电、停工等）记录；（3）质量、安全、设备事故（或未遂事故）发生的原因，处理意见和处理方法的记录；（4）设计单位在现场解决问题的记录（若设计变更应由设计单位出具变更设计联系单）；（5）变更施工方法或在紧急情况下采取的特殊措施和施工方法的记录；（6）进行技术交底、技术复核和隐蔽工程验收等摘要记载；（7）有关领导或部门对该项工程所作的指示、决定或建议；（8）其它（如混凝土、砂浆试块编号等）。9.3.3.3技术交底制度通过技术交底，使参与施工技术人员和工人，明确担负工程任务的特点、技术要求、施工工艺等，做到心里有数，以利于有计划、有组织地开展工程施工。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand凡重要工程项目以及采用新技术、新结构、新材料、新工艺等的工程，应先由项目总工程师，向有关职能部门人员、作业层技术员以及班（组）长进行交底。然后，作业层技术员再根据上级技术领导交底的内容和要求，向操作人员进行交底。一般工程项目，操作工人较为熟悉，可以由作业层技术人员向工人交底。主要内容有：（1）图纸交底：主要是设计图纸上必须特别注意的问题，如尺寸、中线、标高等。（2）工艺交底：采用的施工方法、操作工艺和其它工种的配合要求等。（3）材料交底：所用材料的规格、品种、质量及使用要求。（4）规范、标准交底：施工规范、质量评定标准中的要求。（5）措施交底：保证质量、安全生产、降低成本、文明施工和工程产品保护等技术措施的要求。9.3.3.4材料、构配件检验制度（1）据实际需要建立和健全试验、检测机构，配备试验及检测人员，充实仪器设备。严格按照国家有关的试验操作规程进行操作，提出准确可靠的数据，确保试验、检验工作的质量。（2）凡用于施工的原料、材料、构件等物资，必须由供应部门提出合格证明文件。对那些没有合格证明文件或虽有证明文件，但技术领导或质量管理单位认为有必要检验时，在使用前应按规定程序进行抽查、复验，证明合格后，才能使用。（3）凡初次使用的材料、结构件或特殊材料、代用材料，必须经过试验和鉴定，并制定操作规程，经上级技术主管部门批准后，才能正式用于施工或推广应用。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand（4）有关材料、构件、半成品的合格证明文件或检验报告，应列入技术档案资料，妥善保存。9.3.3.5工程验收制度在施工过程中除按有关质量标准逐项检查操作质量外，根据市政工程的施工特点，重点对隐蔽工程、结构工程和竣工工程进行工程产品验收。（1）隐蔽工程验收由作业层技术人员通知工程监理师人员对隐蔽工程进行检查、验收，并认真办好隐蔽工程验收签证手续。（2）分项、分部工程验收在分项、分部工程施工中，经由监理工程师逐道工序检查认可的基础上，待该分部工程完工后，再由项目经理部总工程师及时通知监理工程师，对工程质量进行全面检查和评定。验收合格后，须由双方共同签字认可。（3）竣工验收依据承包合同和有关的通用工程质量验收管理办法及标准等进行验收，对验收中存在的问题及时进行处理，确保单位工程质量达到优良等级。（4）验收时必须严格执行班组自检、项目部自检、监理验收三级质量检验制。班组自检控制过程质量，项目部自检进行质量把关，监理验收作为质量合格认可，确保过程和产品合格。9.3.3.6资料文档管理制度施工中应严格按ISO9002：2000质量体系的要求，认真作好各项质量检测，严格执行“三检制”ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand，把好材料关、隐蔽关、试验关。项目部由质检组负责做好各项质检及工程资料控制。（1）项目部设专职资料员，负责工程技术资料的收集与整理，并负责项目部对外的管理文件收发。（2）将工程资料按不同的来源和作用对项目部人员进行分工，各岗位分别负责分内的资料编制工作，要求及时能反映真实的工作情况。（3）交验工程必须具备自检、互检、自检手续，完整的施工交接记录，标高、坡度复核记录及其他各种测试原始记录要保留存档。（4）各种原材料的合格证、检验报告、复试报告及时收集，并做好相应的质量检查台帐。（5）各项隐蔽工程要及时同监理进行现场验收，做好技术签证。（6）结构工程的各项强度试验要按照规定的要求及时报验，并及时收集试验报告。（7）按规定接受公司例行的检查，如发现受检验资料不符合要求，必须补全改正，否则不予验收。（8）对关键工序和特殊工序施工前应由项目部总工程师向施工作业人员做好书面交底。（9）工程竣工后，根据设计文件、验收规范，向监理及招标单位提交竣工验收报告，及时绘制竣工图并做好综合评定，向业主提交完整的竣工资料。9.3.4关键工序及质量通病的控制9.3.4.1路面裂缝主要现象：砼路面表面产生龟裂、横向、纵向和角隅断裂。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand预防措施：砼路面浇筑后，及时覆盖养护；严格控制砼水灰比和水泥用量；防止过度震荡，砂浆层厚度应控制在2-5MM范围内；路面切割时间一般在抗压强度达到10兆帕左右即可切割，砼路面拆模与浇捣时要防止角隅损伤并注意充分捣实；胀缝处角隅应采用角隅钢筋补强。治理方法：如砼初凝前出现龟裂，可采用镘刀反复压抹或重新振捣的方法来消除，对结构强度无其影响，可不予处理，必要时用注浆进行表面涂层处理，封闭裂缝；当横向裂缝较大、咬合能力严重削弱，则应局部翻挖修补，凿去不小于1米宽度的发生裂缝的砼，浇捣新砼或按监理工程师要求将整个板块翻后重新铺筑新的砼板块；角隅裂缝较小时，可爱采用灌浆法封闭，若板角松动，则可以沿裂缝锯齐凿去板块后，采用具有良好粘结性能的砼进行修补；出现纵向裂缝后，必须查明原因，如属于路基沉陷等原因引起的，宜先从稳定土基着手或者等待自然稳定后，再着手修复；纵缝一般采用扩缝嵌填或浇注专用修补剂，均有一定效果，采用扩缝加筋的办法进行修补，具有较好的增强效果；翻挖重铺是一个常用的有效措施，但基层必须稳定可靠。9.3.4.2露石及蜂窝主要现象：露石又称露骨，是指砼路面在行车作用下水泥砂浆磨损或剥落后石子裸露的现象。蜂窝是砼板体侧面存在明显的孔穴，大小不一，状如蜂窝。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand防治措施：严格控制砼的水灰比和坍落度，并配以相应的捣实设备，按规范要求，选择好水泥、砂等原材料，根据使用要求及施工工艺确定合理配合比；沿模板边的砼灌实，先用插入式振捣器仔细振捣，不得漏振，最后，再用平板式振捣器振实；模板有足够的刚度、稳定性，不得有空隙，如发现模板有空隙时，应予堵塞，防止漏浆，用粘结性良好的结合料，对水泥砼路面露骨部分进行罩面修补，模板拆除后，及时修补，为使色泽统一，可用道路砼除去石子后的砂浆进修补。9.3.4.3错台与拱胀主要现象，在新建砼路面与其他路面接缝处，两边的路面存在台阶，车辆通过时发生跳车，这种现象发生在通车一定时期以后。预防措施：填缝材料质量符合要求，基层表面平整，坚实，易产生不均匀沉降地段，应进行加固，在路面起止点处正确设置胀缝，胀缝板设备要正确定位，防止施工过程中的移动。治理方法：错台高差为0.5～1厘米时采用切削法修补，使用带扁头的风镐，均匀地将高处凿下去并与邻板齐平；当错台高低落差大于1CM时，采用凿低补平置面法修补，将低下去的一侧水泥板凿去1-2CM，使用具有良好粘结力的砼材料罩平；如错台引起碎裂，则应锯切1米以上宽度，同时安设传力杆或校正传力杆位置，重浇砼板块；一旦出现拱胀，立即锯切拱起部分，宽度约1米，全深度切割、挖除，重新铺设等厚度、同标号砼板；如基层不稳定而产生拱胀，则根据情况，可以置换基层或消除不稳定材料后，再用等强度等厚度砼捣实平整。9.4质量保修工程完工后按合同价的5%作为工程质量质从质保金，本工程设计图纸进行施工内容均为质量保修范围，质量保修期为一年。在保修期内发生的工程质量问题，我单位将立即采取措施，进行及时施工，并对造成的损失承担赔偿责任，努力满足用户的要求。在保修期内还应适时进行工程的回访工作，搞好与用户的交流与合作，为使用单位提供一切便利条件。9.5质量承诺及违约经济处罚措施ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand（1）工程施工质量必须达到优良，如达不到优良质量等级则处罚合同价的1‰。（2）经监理检查认为质量不合格时，应按监理的指示对工程缺陷部分进行返工及补强，由此引起的工期延误及一切返工费用由我公司承担。（3）对工程造成质量事故时，我公司承诺按合同价的1‰进行处罚。同时对质量事故责任人进行行政及经济处罚。第十章确保工程工期的技术组织措施10.1工期规划及要求按工程的工程量，结合拟定的施工方案，具体开工时间以监理工程师签发的开工令为准，施工必须按计划进行，同时应以大局为重，协调好与招标单位及当地政府、居民之间的关系，保证施工的顺利进行。10.2进度计划根据工程总体部署，拟采取的施工进度具体见施工进度计划详见施工进度计划横道图。10.3保证工期的技术组织措施10.3.1组建精干的项目机械，加强施工管理选派丰富施工经验，良好组织才能，责任心强的同志担任项目经理及现场管理责任人，严格按项目法管理，建立完善的管理体系，健全内部经济承包责任制，制定明确的奖惩制度，激发职工的生产积极性，对消积消极怠工者及时处理，保证施工顺利进行。10.3.2以施工进度计划为主线ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand以施工进度计划关键线路为控制原则，详细编制年、季、月、周各分项工程施工进度计划，严格按计划施工，并根据实际施工情况，及时调整进度计划，使工程施工做到有条不紊。10.3.3加强材料、机械设备、劳动力配备的预见性和科学性充分认识和熟知本工程高起点、高标准、时间紧的特点，加强各生产要素的配备，采取动态管理措施，切实做好本工程所需各项资源供应。10.3.4科学安排各工序间的施工严格按组织计划施工，制定科学的施工方案，合理安排各工序间的施工，做好工序间的搭接施工，合理调配人、材、机等各种生产要素，达到互不干扰，互不影响，从而提高工程进度，保证工程工期。10.3.5高度重视工程质量及安全生产工作建立完善的质量及安全保证体系，制定质量及安全保证措施，杜绝质量及安全事故的发生，减少工程返工，确保工程进度按计划进行。10.3.6做好后勤保障工作加强机械设备的车辆保养、维护，保障施工正常运转。搞好职工伙食，防病治病，保障职工身体健康，保证正常的出勤率，确保工期。10.3.7施工全过程实行电脑化管理运用网络技术，对整个工程进行系统化、规范化施工技术管理，严格按照基建程序组织各项工程施工，认真运用我公司在历年的施工经历中摸索和制订的一套行之有效的管理制度。使本工程的技术管理确实起到各项施工管理的龙头作用。10.3.8做好文明施工、完善协调工作ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand施工现场做好文明施工，为工程施工创造一个良好的外部环境。加强与业主及监理工程师的联系，做好与当地政府部门和群众的协调工作，取得他们的支持，使工程施工顺利进行。加强与其他标段施工队伍的协调工作，搞好配合，避免相互干扰。10.4工期承诺及违约的经济处罚措施（1）在签定合同协议书后，3日内进驻施工现场，并向监理提交开工报告，经其批准后，准时开工。（2）总体工程的竣工工期按甲方要求，单位工程的完工日期按监理工程师审定的施工组织设计日期完成。（3）逾期完工的违约金为每延误一天，处罚金额为1000元/天，其最终累计总金额不超过合同价格的10000元。（4）工程因不可抗力或其他特殊因素的影响，应及时向监理报告，得到其审批后，方能延长完工期限。第十一章确保工程安全生产的技术组织措施11.1安全管理目标杜绝发生一切重大伤亡事故，年负伤率控制在1.2‰以内，达到市安全合格施工工地。11.2安全管理组织机构及主要职责为加强安全管理，在施工现场建立以项目经理为首的安全生产领导小组（项目经理是安全管理的第一责任人），建立健全安全保证体系，配备专职安全管理人员，履行安排、监督、检查、考核的主要职责，同时承担进行安全管理、实现安全生产的责任。11.3安全保证体系、管理制度及办法结合施工现场的实际情况，建立完善的安全保证体系、管理制度及办法。（1）充分肯定安全生产活动中的位置和重要性，坚决贯彻“ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand安全第一、预防为主”的方针。（2）建立各级人员安全生产责任制度，明确各级人员的安全责任，抓制度落实、抓责任落实，定期检查安全责任落实情况，及时进行处理，每月对检查情况进行一次考核，考核结果张榜公布。（3）一切从事项目生产管理与操作的人员必须持证上岗，施工现地出现无证上岗现象时，施工管理的相关人员必须承担责任。（4）加强安全管理的教育，结合施工生产的变化，适时地进行安全知识培训，每半月组织一次。（5）加强安全防护，进入施工现场人员必须配戴安全帽，改善施工工作业环境，照明必须满足作业的要求，噪声、振动的强度必须低于人体生理、心理的承受能力。（6）施工现场各项管理制度、操作规程、工作标准、施工现场管理实施细则、布告等，用看板、挂板或写后张贴墙上公布，展示清楚。（7）随时注意施工期边坡的稳定，设专人进行监护，采取相关措施，保证施工质量，确保边坡是否出现裂纹，滑动等情况，防止边坡坍塌伤人，发生坍塌，项目部要立即清除塌方，完成必要的清理，并承担发生的事故责任。（8）避免过多地影响当地交通，安排专人对进入施工现场的车辆进行指挥调度，对车辆还应进行定期的维修和保养，以确保交通运输安全。（9）根据作业各类的特点，按照国家的劳动保护法发给施工人员相应的劳保用品，高温期施工还应加强防暑降温工作。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand（10）施工期必须重视水情和气象预报，一旦发现有可能危及工程安全和人身财产安全的洪水或气象灾害的预兆时，应立即采取有效的防洪和防止气象灾害的措施，以确保工程和人身财产的安全及保证工程按计划进行。11.4施工用电，防火、交通及机械安全管理措施11.4.1施工用电安全（1）施工用电由专业电工负责，电工必须持证上岗，严禁无证人员进行操作。专业电工负责对电器设备进行安装，管理和维修，并定期检查。（2）机械设备用电实行“一机一闸一漏电”制，每一施工点设置专用配电箱，使用30毫安漏电保护器，严禁乱接乱拉电线。（3）所有的电线、开关及闸刀，必须具有出厂合格证，符合质量要求。（4）注意雷雨天的施工用电安全，对可能漏电伤人或遭遇雷击的电器设各及建筑物均应设置避雷装置。11.4.2施工防火安全（1）施工现场设专人负责安全防火工作。（2）在施工现场配置适量的灭火设备器材，加强安全防护工作，消防设备要经常检查保养，使其始终处于良好的待命状态。（3）严禁在施工现场焚烧垃圾、树叶、枯草等各种杂物。（4）严禁职工在施工现场及场区内，随意烧火及点电炉进行取暖，做饭，严禁私接电线及电器设备。11.4.3交通安全（1）因本工程施工时不中断现场交通，因此在施工时应对施工区设置临时围护，进行半封闭管理。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand（2）在工区进出口处设置醒目的警戒标志并配专人负责指挥交通。（3）晚间施工要挂红色警示灯提醒来往车辆及行人注意安全。11.4.4机械安全（1）机械施工时，设置专职的现场机械运行指挥员。（2）机械统一调度，统一管理，统一停放在指定的停车位置，严禁乱停乱放。（3）定期对机械及设备进行检查维修，及时排除隐患，确保施工安全。（4）机械操作人员应持证上岗，严禁无证人员上机操作机械。11.4.5安全承诺及违约经济处罚措施（1）保证工程中无人员伤亡，重大安全事故率为0，轻伤事故率控制地1.2‰以内。（2）施工现场达到武汉安全合格施工工地。如达不到合格标准，则按合同价的5%进行处罚。（3）发生安全事故的一切责任作我方负责，并承担相关损失。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand图11-1：安全保证体系图技术负责人项目副经理质安组工程组工程组项目经理综合组器材组专职安全员各班组兼职安全员第十二章确保文明施工及环境保护的技术措施12.1文明施工及环境保护组织机构ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand为培养一支懂科学、善管理、注重环境保护的施工队伍，保持良好的施工环境与施工铁序，得到建设单位，当地居民及单位的支持和依赖，提高企业的环保意识和市场竟争能力。在施工现场成立专门的领导小组负责环境保护工作，建立健全文明施工与环境保护证体系，（见图12-1）。12.2文明施工及环境保护措施12.2.1工程开工前的准备工作项目经理部将结合本工程的实际情况，遵照环境保护的管理规定，制定切实可行的环境保措施。12.2.2施工期间的管理（1）项目负责人定期组织检查环境保护措施落实情况，组织班组竞赛评比，以环保知识竞赛为动力，环保知识讲座为形式，动员全体员工积极、自觉学习环保知识，提高环保意识。（2）进入现场施工人员要佩戴工作胸卡，加强对进场人员管理工作，接收外来人员按当地公安部门的规定办理相关手续。（3）加强精神文明教育、礼貌待人，在现场不大声喧哗、不聚众打架、斗殴、酗酒、赌博，搞好与当地居民的关系。施工现场各种管理制度，操作规程、工作标准，施工现场设置“七牌一图”，文明施工标语、警示性标志，用看板、挂板或写后张贴墙上，展示清楚。（4）施工前，应对工程范围内管线、障碍物进行详细调查，合理安排施工组织方案。12.2.3振动控制（1）在施工工艺、方法上尽量减少施工中的振动。（2）大型振动压路机施工时，应避免碾压建筑物的地基范围及已完工的排水管道和构筑物，且不得压坏各种路面设施。（3）对不能用大型压路机碾压的路段，采用电动夯进行进行基层的夯实。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand12.2.4噪音和光污染控制（1）噪音大的设备要设隔音设施，严格控制噪音污染，控制在50分贝以内。（2）选用性能优良的机械，加强对施工机械的维护，减少噪音对居民的影响。（3）禁止工人夜间施工时大声喧哗，合理安排施工作业时间，不得在夜间使用噪音大的施工机械。（4）本工程的模板、支撑体系均采用钢化结构，尽量减少使用锯木机的频率。（5）夜间施工使用高亮级灯照明和进行电焊时，设置挡板，避免照明和电焊时强光刺射，干扰居民生活和司机夜间行车安全。12.2.5防止空气污染（1）在施工过程中，尽量使用电力为能源，定期维护机械，内燃机添加燃油添加剂，有效地提高机械工作效率，减少废气的排放量。工地食堂以液化气为燃料，减少对空气污染。（2）做好施工机械的检测工作，尤其是废弃的排放检测，将废气污染降到最低。（3）易产生粉尘、杨尘的作业面的装卸、运输过程，派专人洒水降尘，运输车采用全封闭的专用散体物料运输车，堆土场堆放时表面压实，适当加盖编织布。（4）现场禁止焚烧垃圾、固体废弃物和产生有毒有害烟尘气体的物质。12.2.6防止水质污染ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand（1）搅拌站设置沉淀池、泥浆及废水要经沉淀过滤处理后才能排放，以防污环境。（2）根据施工场地、工程进度，对现有排水系统进行日常维护、清疏。暴雨期设立突击队，日夜巡视，及时排除险情，保持系统畅通。（3）对一切燃料、油和塑料等可能污染环境的材料保存在合适的容器中，并存在指定的地点，以免意外泄露出容器进入水系。12.2.7路况及交通维护（1）专人负责及时给便道淋水，以减少工地的尘土。（2）设立专人组织交通疏导，选择对外部环境影响小的出口、运输路线和运输时间。（3）交通疏解小组每天在疏解交通范围的道路进行检查，发现有阻碍交通阻碍物时，及时采取清除、维修措施，确保交通畅顺。（4）工地泥浆、污水应采取相应堵截措施，以免污染环境卫生，阻碍交通。（5）施工机械在施工过程中要时刻注意是否触及道路两旁的树木及管线，避免造成损坏，影响交通。（6）在施工中，同当地政府和有关部门，密切配合合理组织道路交通，将施工中对居民的出行影响降低到最低限度。12.2.8路面卫生（1）随时清扫施工场地和其他道路的结合地带，杜绝污染其他道路，并设专人负责保洁工作。（2）合理调配土方，外弃碴土及时外运，建立登记制度，防止发生中伤倾倒事件，并做到运输途中不洒落。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand（3）选用良好的运输车辆运送土方、水泥、砂石料等材料，并用蓬布加以覆盖，防止散落。12.2.9工地卫生（1）严格按照场地布置图布置临时设施，材料设备要按类型整齐摆放。碴土要严格指定地点进行规范堆放，不得影响场容及场地观瞻。（2）场内临时道路要经常保持路面平整、清洁、畅通；生活区设置绿化地带，创建花园式工地。（3）养成良好卫生习惯，垃圾实行分类收集，每日清运至指定点。12.3文明施工及环境保护的承诺12.3.1遵守环境保护的法律、法规和规章制度及技术条款的有关规定，禁止弃土、材料任意堆放，防止因对噪音、扬尘、废水、废油不进行控制和治理及生活垃圾不及时清除而造成环境破坏及人员伤害和财产损失。如有损失将由我公司承担相应责任。12.3.2创建武汉市文明施工合格现场，如达不到合格标准，则按合同价的1‰进行处罚。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand项目经理机械材料组机械材料组试验组施工组机械材料组技术质安组1、落实措施、减少噪音。2、材料堆码规矩、机械停放整齐。3、文明礼貌行车，道路洒水或减少灰尘。4、计划用料，工完实尽。1、加强职工教育，遵纪守法，做好治安管理。2、加强卫生检查，预防疾病传播。3、加强文明施工环境，保护宣传教育。1、加强原材料检测，把好进货质量。2、加强现场检测。3、加强试验废弃材料管理，避免环境污染。1、制订文明施工、环境保护措施。场地布置合理，设施整齐有序。2、取土弃碴、污物排放应保护环境及水源。3、安全警示标志醒目，安全施工。项目部各职能部门工作控制图12-1：文明施工与环境保护保证体系图ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand第十三章季节性施工措施13.1雨季施工措施13.1.1雨季土方施工（1）沟槽开挖时，预留10CM到达槽底设计高，利用无雨间隙快速清底，快速浇捣砼垫层，同时挖排水沟，做好排水工作。（2）用彩条布覆盖回填土土源，雨后可即时利用于回填。（3）回填土及时摊平，即时碾压，并向两侧做好一定坡度，两边挖排水沟、集水坑，并设抽水泵抽水，以保证填土面积无积水，雨后及时扫去填去表面水。13.1.2雨季砼施工（1）材料准备：对料场做好排水工作，不使原材料冲入泥浆，若有泥浆应加以冲洗。对水泥库严格保护，尤其在水泥运输中途不能使水泥受雨淋而受潮结硬。对水泥仓库要经常检查，并在其周边挖贯穿式排水沟。（2）砼浇捣：砼浇捣前必须与气象站密切联系，有大雨和中雨，无论工期多紧，均不得浇筑。若因工期关系，有小雨需浇筑砼，则必须准备足够的防雨设施（如施工棚等）和覆盖用的油布、颜料布等。（3）砼成型的保护：刚浇捣好的砼如遇雨，不宜用草袋直接覆盖，采用下面用颜料薄膜，上面再用草袋，否则草袋受雨淋后污染砼表面，而影响砼表面色泽。13.1.3雨季施工其它注意事项（1）做好避雷装置和防漏电措施；（2）对各种电器、机具加强监护，防止危险。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand（3）加强值班工作，下雨时工地上必须认真巡查，发现问题及时处理。13.2高温天气施工措施13.2.1土方施工：控制好回填土方的含量，做到土方在最优含水量状态下碾压成型。13.2.2基层施工：基层在高温下摊铺时，要控制好含水量防止水份丢失，如果水分丢失需随时补给，并随随盖随碾压成型。13.2.3砼施工（1）水温的控制：按各组成材料的单位重量计算，水对砼的温度影响最大，因此在标准配合比的砼中，将水温降低2℃，则能使砼温度降低0.5℃。（2）水量的控制：要想控制好水灰比就必须控制好水量，它是防止出现裂缝的有关办法。（4）加强养护，高温时要加密覆盖，增加养护次数，加大养护用水量。13.2.4调温天气施工注意事项（1）合理安排施工时间，争取做到早出工，晚收工，延长中午休息时间，避开高温。（2）改善施工人员的休息环境，给休息区和宿舍配备电扇、空调等。（3）在连续高温天气，工地要搭设遮阳棚，茶水供应充足，施工高峰阶段向操作人员提供防暑降温物品。第十四章作好施工协调、预防突发事件14.1施工协调ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand14.1.1作好施工内部协调作好项目部的内部管理及协调工作，在施工过程中，加强对工程所需设备、人员、资金以及施工场地等生产要素的合理安排和调度，以达到最佳的施工效率和效益。14.1.2作好与监理工程师的协调（1）在施工全过程中，严格按照业主和监理工程师批准的施工组织设计、施工规范进行对各施工队的质量管理，在施工队自检、项目部专检的基础上，接受监理工程师的验收和检查，并按照监理要求，予以整改。（2）贯彻业主和监理工程师制定的质量控制、检查、管理制度，并据此对各施工队予以控制，确保工程达到优良，坚持杜绝现场施工队不服从监理工程师的不正常现象发生，使监理工程师指令得到全面执行。（3）所有进入现场使用的成品、半成品材料、设备、器具，均主动向监理工程师提交产品合格证或质保书，应按规定于使用前需进行物理化学试验检测的材料，主动递交检测结果报告，使所用的材料、设备不给工程造成浪费。（4）按部位或分项工序检验质量的工程，严格执行“上道工序不合格，下道工序不施工”的原则，使监理工程师能顺利开展工作，对可能出现的工作意见不一的情况，遵循“先执行监理的指导，后予以磋商统一”的原则，在现场质量监理中，维护好监理的权威性。14.1.3作好与设计单位之间的协调（1）如果中标，我单位立即同设计单位取得联系，进一步了解本工程的设计意图及工程要求，请设计单位进行技术交底，并对我单位的施工实施方案提出建议。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand（2）对实际施工中发现的设计不妥之处，以及不适应实际地形、地质的细部设计，或由于地质、地形变化引起的设计变更应及时上报业主和监理，积极配合设计代表修正或更改设计。14.1.4作好与当地单位及居民的协调工作（1）施工进场后，与当地小区居民及街办联系，张贴安民告示，请当地居民及单位体谅施工带来的不便。（2）减少施工扬尘及噪音污染，减小对居民的干扰。（3）主动与交通部门联系，设专人对现场交通进行维护和疏导，确保交通的畅通。（4）合理安排施工进度，尽量缩短施工持续时间。14.2突发性停电的处理和预防突发性停电，对本工程中砼浇筑有较大的影响。施工现场一旦停电，应立即指令电工查找停电原因，并应尽快抢修恢复供电，同时，应立即采取以下措施：14.2.1当浇筑砼路面板时，紧急确定砼路面板最靠近的合理的施工位置，立即安装挡模并按照施工缝要求安装传力杆。14.2.2立即派专人清理搅拌机内的砼拌合料。同时让专业电工对有关电源、闸刀、空气开关进行检查，防止突然来电造成人身健身房事故。14.2.3对突然性停电，应采取以下预防措施：（1）施工作业前应了解现场的供电线路、供电部门的临时停电公告以及正常的停电日期和停电的起止日期，避免盲目用电或侥幸用电。（2）在连续浇筑砼结构时，事先与供电部门取得联系。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand（3）现场应有值班电工、机修工，并具有常用零配件，当现场供电线路系统局损坏时，能及时抢修恢复。（4）当现场供电线路负荷较大，而施工作业又必须全天候供电时，在工程开工之初经业主同意，现场需配备一台30千瓦柴油发电机，以备停电之用。14.3突发性停水的处理和预防突发性停水对砼浇筑会产生较大的威胁，如发生停水，首先应查找原因，突击抢修，并对施工现场立即采取相应的补救措施。14.3.1对浇筑道路砼面层施工作业，首先确定合理的施工缝位置，同时组织作业人员在附近临时找水取水，以维持砼搅拌机用水，如果因突然停电而引发的停水，在临时找水取水的同时，改用人工拌合砼（砼强度等级比机械搅拌提高一级），继续浇筑至施工缝处停歇为止。对留滞在砼搅拌机内的砼搅拌料，立即派人取出，注意操作前将电源闸刀拉下并上锁，保障安全操作。14.3.2预防措施（1）与供水部门联系，了解供水管线的检修计划。（2）现场设有专业水暖值班，并备有常用的元配件，做好管线损坏时的抢修准备。（3）现场设有一定容量的储水设备，当停水时暂时满足砼施工用水。（4）事先了解周围临时供水的水源情况。14.4突发性机械故障的处理和预防本工程突发性机械故障中，危害较大的是砼搅拌机械。机械故障的处理首先应注意必须由专业机修人员操作，以免产生工伤事故。14.4.1平时定期做好机械保修工作，保持机械的完好率。重要施工作业前，认真做好例行检修工作，防止机械带病运转。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand14.4.2作业时，现场有专业机械人员值班，并具备常用的机械零配件，以保证临时抢修用。作好《设备运行记录》，根据机械运行情况判断出机械的保养和维修时间，减少盲目性。14.4.3对浇筑不能停歇的砼工程，应有具备用相应的机具设备。14.4.4机械操作人员应持证上岗，严禁操作人员随意操作机械。14.5突发性暴风雨灾害的预防突发性暴风雨灾害破坏力极强，会直接影响正在浇筑的砼路面质量，因此，施工中注意每天收听收看气象预报，及时掌握最新的天气情况，对施工做好合理的预防措施，准备充足的塑料薄膜等避雨材料，及时对新浇筑的砼面层进行覆盖保护，并做好临时排水工作。14.6突发事件处理网络图突发事件发现者向公司有关领导汇报工地值班及作业带班人员消防中心救护中心项目经理紧急处理办法通知有关人员以最快的速度赶到施工现场施工现场ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand东西湖区慈惠农场居住区场前改造工程施工组ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand织设计武汉市东西湖新世纪市政建筑工程公司二OO五年八月九日投标函致：武汉市国营慈惠农场1、根据你方招标工程项目东西湖区慈惠农场居住区场前改造工程(油管以东)，遵照《中华人民共和国招标投标法》等有关规定，经踏勘项目现场和研究上述招标文件的合同条款、图纸、工程建设标准和工程量清单及其他有关文件后，我方愿以人民币：柒拾贰万伍仟零捌拾捌元整(￥:725088元)的投标总报价并按上述图纸、合同条款、工程建设标准和工程量清单的条件要求承包上述工程的施工、竣工，并承担修补任何质量缺陷保修责任。ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand2、我方已详细审核全部施工图纸。3、一旦我方中标，我方保证按甲方规定的工期60日历天内完成并移交全部工程。4、我方同意所提交的投标文件在规定的投标有效期内有效，在此期内如果中标，我方将受此约束。投标人：武汉市东西湖新世纪市政建筑工程公司（盖章）法定代表人或其委托代理人：张金满（签字或盖章）日期：二○○五年八月九日慈惠农场鸦渡大队居民点改造工程投ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand标文件武汉市东西湖新世纪市政建筑工程公司二OO五年十月二十一日慈惠农场鸦渡大队居民点改造工程投ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand标文件招标单位：武汉市国营慈惠农场投标单位：武汉市东花庭园建筑有限责任公司法定代表人：刘瑞平日期：二OO五年十月二十二日硚口法院拆墙透绿工程投标ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand文件投标单位：武汉市东西湖新世纪市政建筑工程公司日期：二OO五年十一月十四日鸦渡大队居民点改造工程清单报价表序号分项工程名称数量单价（元）合价（元）1道路工程1650㎡661089002人行道工程350㎡55192503停车场道路工程450㎡74333004停车场草皮砖1080㎡77831605DN300排水管450M4620700ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand6DN400排水管30M6018007DN600排水管260M159413408DN800排水管370M261965709D700检查井2座825165010D1000检查井13座10861411811D1250检查井25座12983245012单平箅雨水井25座4331082513污水处理池24M3327784814合计工程造价471911鸦渡大队居民点改造工程清单报价表序号分项工程名称数量单价（元）合价（元）1道路工程1650㎡63.081040792人行道工程350㎡52.24182843停车场道路工程450㎡70.96319324停车场草皮砖1080㎡73.92798345DN300排水管450M43.3719517ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand6DN400排水管30M57.1617157DN600排水管260M151.78394638DN800排水管370M249.36922639D700检查井2座788.48157710D1000检查井13座1037.841349211D1250检查井25座1240.873102212单平箅雨水井25座413.951034913污水处理池24M3312.44749914合计工程造价451026鸦渡大队居民点改造工程清单报价表序号分项工程名称数量单价（元）合价（元）1道路工程1650㎡71.571180912人行道工程350㎡49.44173043停车场道路工程450㎡80.13360594停车场草皮砖1080㎡86.07929565DN300排水管450M48.9722037ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fullofpoisonousgases,highradiationcase,robotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeople"sattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Laborrates,workingconditions,laborintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeandabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesandunderspecialconditionssetformechanicaldevices.Nowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofthetrains,thesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwareandsimulationcontrolwinbigandsuccessfuldevelopment,nowcontinuestodevelopasafactoryautomationstandards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapital,androbotshowsthisuniqueadvantages,suchas:hasgoodcompatibility,wideavailability,hardwareiscomplete,andprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashorttime,sointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatorinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureandindustryhasbeenapplied,suchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmland,repeatedoperationsonthehigh-speedlinethatusesaroboticarm,andsoon.Today,thehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatordevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidation,understandhassomeusuallydidn"topportunitiesawarenessinworldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawareness,hopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatorinbothathomeandabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymedium-term,afteryearswithwithcomputerandautomationtechnologyofdevelopment,MakesmechanicalarmontheGrandstageofindustrialautomationandshine,graduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstandards,anditsimportancecanbeseen.Noworiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionanduseontheproductionline,whichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures,althoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironment,butcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewelding,painting,deliveryaswellasformaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsensorsandmanipulatorshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof"sense",whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegand6DN400排水管30M64.5519377DN600排水管260M171.4445648DN800排水管370M281.61041929D700检查井2座890.4178110D1000检查井13座11721523611D1250检查井25座1401.273503212单平箅雨水井25座467.461168713污水处理池24M3352.82846814合计工程造价509344ofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.5%.Definedfordeterminationofwhitenessofstarchesstarchwhiteness:underthestatedconditions,surfaceofstarchlightreflectancestandardWhiteboardsurfaceandlightreflectanceratio.Whitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvaluetorepresent.2,principle:Blu-raythroughsamplereflectivityreflectancecontrastwiththestandardWhiteboardforBlu-ray,getsamplesofwhiteness.Measurementmethodapplicabletodryintoapowderofrefinedstarches...BaiDuyi3,instruments:wavelengthcanbetransferredto425nmboxforsampleandstandardWhiteboard,accurateto0.1.Pressbox:fitinthebox.Step4,analysissamplepreparation:samplesshouldbefullymixed.SampleBoardby:BaiDuyisamplesboxzhuangyang,accordingtoBaiDuyimethodsampleWhiteboardprescribed.BaiDuyipreparation:methodofoperationrequiredbyBaiDuyioperation,willbemarkedwithawhiteceramicwhiteboardorWhiteboardmadeofhighpuritymagnesiumoxidestandardcorrection.Measurement:determinedbywhiteWhiteboardAnalyzersample,writedownthewhiteness.Determinationofnumber:thesamesamplefortheseconddetermination.5,saidoftheresults:thewhitenessofwhitenessofwhitenessmetermeasurementssamplesvalue.Suchaspoormeetstherequirements,takethearithmeticmeanoftheseconddeterminationasaresult.6,allowingdifferentialanalystsimultaneouslyorinquicksuccessionfortheseconddetermination,theabsolutevalueofthedifferenceoftheresults.Thisvalueshouldbelessthan0.2.Definitionstarchviscositydeterminationofstarchviscosity:resistancetoflowaftersamplesofstarchgelatinization.Usedmanipulatorcontrolmodeandprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1Selectdiscussionwithmanipulatorcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysanddiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipment,butalsomorecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapandyoucanmeettheold-fashioned,simple(orsimple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnow,howeverthesetwocontrolmodes(relayanddiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol,(2)onlyforthecurrentproject,thelackofcompatibilityand(3)notreformingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringforthedevelopmentofChina"smodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomation,completedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononeormoremicroprocessors;(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC);(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSforshort),and(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCforshort).2.1.2PLCandtheIPCandDCScontrastcontrast1,eachofthethreetechnologiesoforiginsanddevelopmentrequirementsforfastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethere,usingahighlevelofstandardization,canusemorecompatibilitytools,isarichsoftwareresources,especiallytheneedforimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolandmeetitsspeed,onthevirtualmodel,real-timeandincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemforindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrol,whereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectionanddistributionsystemandtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehandling,loopcontrol,hasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulation,butonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecorrespondingrelayneedswasborn,itsmainuseintheworkordercontrol,earlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystem,focusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningorderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessorintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemerged,micro-electronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis'