高层建筑外墙干挂石材幕墙施工工法

'高层建筑外墙干挂石材幕墙施工工法一、工法特点1、板材之间独立受力独立安装，独立更换，节点做法灵活。2、连接可靠，对石板的消弱较小，减少连接部位石材局部破坏，使石材面板有较高的抗震能力。3、可准确控制石材表面与龙骨的间距，确保石材幕墙表面平整。4、工厂化施工程度高，板材上墙后调整工作量少。5、不受外立面尺寸的限制，亦可达到石材装修要求，装修灵活。二、适用范围“干挂”工艺，一般多用于钢筋混凝土结构，非抗震设计或抗震设防烈度不大于7度的工业与民用建筑石材幕墙工程施工。不宜用于砖墙和轻型、加气混凝土墙。三、工艺原理“干挂”工艺的原理是直接在板材上打孔并通过固定的在结构物上的预埋件和与其相连的金属挂件，悬挂饰面板材，使分散的板材之间相互连接为一体，成为结构体外的一层装饰面。这种工艺在石材背面不需要灌注砂浆或细石混凝土，而是靠连接件、锚固预埋件基本的强度承受饰面传递过来的外力，在石板材与墙体间形成一定宽度的空气层。四、工艺流程及操作要点speeduptechnologyresultsinto,activeguideenterprisewillmaturetechnologyresultsintoforproductivity,andTranslateintoeconomicbenefits,effortstosolveeconomicandtechnological"twopeels"phenomenon,saysfromtheDongpingreal,istoprovideresearchinstitutionswithmoreintoplace.Strengtheningtheagriculturalscientificandtechnologicalachievementsinthefieldtoimproveeffortstohelpfarmers,cropplanting,processing,animalhusbandryandotheragriculturalproducts,increasetheintensityoftransformingscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,scienceandtechnologytoimproveagriculturalefficiency,improvethemassincomeandservicesimmigrantssafehavensiegeworks.WuhanInstituteoffreshwatershouldgivefullplaytotheChineseAcademyofSciences,andimprovingtheaddedvalueofDongpingLakeaquaticproducts.1th,inthemiddleofthisyearProposedtoincreasethelevelofmodernizationinagriculture,hopingthecountylevelstoseriouslystudythedocuments.18plenarysession"storingfoodin,storingfoodinland",thisrequirementisveryhigh,population,foodisnotenough,andnotcompletelyrelyonimports,hastorelyontechnologytoincreasefoodproductionandlimitedlandmass,relevantdepartmentsatthecountylevelinparticular,agriculturalsector,activedockingtertiaryinstitutions,theInstitutetooktheleadinthe 1、施工工艺流程施工准备→吊篮安装→测量放线→后置预埋件安装→外墙保温材料施工→型钢骨架制作安装（焊接点清理并防腐）→石材搬运→石材饰面板安装→清理板缝嵌泡沫条打密封胶→细部处理→板面清洁→验收→吊篮拆除。2、施工准备：石材饰面的主体结构已完成，并经验收合格，满足操作要求，并经验收合格。3、吊篮安装：安装电动吊篮，仔细查看电动吊篮型号、额定载荷值、升降速度、悬挂机构重量等项目，严禁超负荷操作。4、测量放线：清理预做饰面石材的结构表面，按照设计弹出定位线和分隔线。测量时应控制分配测量误差，不能使误差积累。5、后置预埋件安装根据施工图纸，使用膨胀螺栓和化学螺栓固定后置锚板，后置预埋件锚固安装完毕后要对其检查和校核。6、外墙保温材料施工外墙干挂石材一般使用无机防火保温板，即发泡水泥保温板。它是目前墙体保温和墙体保温防火隔离带最理想的保温材料，其优点是：导热系数低，保温效果好，不燃烧，防水，与墙体粘结力强，强度高，无毒害放射物质，环保。同时，与混凝土粘接牢固，膨胀系数一致，使用年限与建筑物一致。7、型钢骨架制作安装竖向骨架一般采用槽钢安装，水平骨架一般采用角钢安装。连接件的固定位置按连接件弹线位置确定，每两层做一道竖向伸缩缝不小于15mm。先安装立面的槽钢，然后按石材水平分格拉通线安装水平向的角钢，先点焊，确认无误后再三面围焊，要求焊缝饱满，无砂眼，焊接时要采用对称焊，以减少因焊接产生的变形。型钢安装完毕后按规定除去焊渣，焊缝处补刷防锈漆。8、石材搬运石材运至建筑现场后，一般按计算的需用数量使用施工外用电梯将石材运至各层，然后用小推车运至各层窗口处，再人工由窗口到电动吊篮至施工部位。speeduptechnologyresultsinto,activeguideenterprisewillmaturetechnologyresultsintoforproductivity,andTranslateintoeconomicbenefits,effortstosolveeconomicandtechnological"twopeels"phenomenon,saysfromtheDongpingreal,istoprovideresearchinstitutionswithmoreintoplace.Strengtheningtheagriculturalscientificandtechnologicalachievementsinthefieldtoimproveeffortstohelpfarmers,cropplanting,processing,animalhusbandryandotheragriculturalproducts,increasetheintensityoftransformingscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,scienceandtechnologytoimproveagriculturalefficiency,improvethemassincomeandservicesimmigrantssafehavensiegeworks.WuhanInstituteoffreshwatershouldgivefullplaytotheChineseAcademyofSciences,andimprovingtheaddedvalueofDongpingLakeaquaticproducts.1th,inthemiddleofthisyearProposedtoincreasethelevelofmodernizationinagriculture,hopingthecountylevelstoseriouslystudythedocuments.18plenarysession"storingfoodin,storingfoodinland",thisrequirementisveryhigh,population,foodisnotenough,andnotcompletelyrelyonimports,hastorelyontechnologytoincreasefoodproductionandlimitedlandmass,relevantdepartmentsatthecountylevelinparticular,agriculturalsector,activedockingtertiaryinstitutions,theInstitutetooktheleadinthe 9、石材饰面板安装饰面板安装前应检查石材尺寸是否准确，有无破损、缺棱、掉角等情况，严把材料质量验收关。先按幕墙面基准线仔细安装好底层石材，定好每批金属挂件的标高，石材安装时要在饰面板槽口内注入石材耐候胶，以保证石材与挂件之间的可靠连接，板材用干挂件连接，依次按顺序由下往上安装全部石材，最后安装顶板石材。面要大面压小，板材开槽宽100mm，深16mm，孔中距板材外表面50-250mm，全部就位后，如有高低不平的，要及时进行调整，板缝宽应按设计要求，板缝均匀，顺直。每日安装固定后，需将饰面板清理干净。安装固定后的饰面板如面层光泽受到影响，可以重新打蜡出光，要采取临时保护措施保护棱角。10、清理板缝嵌泡沫条打密封胶按设计要求泡沫棒的嵌入深度不宜过深也不宜过浅，选用合格含硅油少的石材耐候胶嵌缝密封，胶缝处贴纸面防污胶条进行保护以免硅油渗透污染石材幕墙表面，注胶应均匀无滴漏，边打胶边用专业工具勾缝，使嵌缝胶成型后呈微弧形凹面。11、细部处理外窗安装部位的石材干挂。外窗台与内窗台的构筑标高应外低内高，窗台上面与外饰面材料一致做出流水坡。（如图1、图2）（2）石材干挂与玻璃幕墙的衔接speeduptechnologyresultsinto,activeguideenterprisewillmaturetechnologyresultsintoforproductivity,andTranslateintoeconomicbenefits,effortstosolveeconomicandtechnological"twopeels"phenomenon,saysfromtheDongpingreal,istoprovideresearchinstitutionswithmoreintoplace.Strengtheningtheagriculturalscientificandtechnologicalachievementsinthefieldtoimproveeffortstohelpfarmers,cropplanting,processing,animalhusbandryandotheragriculturalproducts,increasetheintensityoftransformingscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,scienceandtechnologytoimproveagriculturalefficiency,improvethemassincomeandservicesimmigrantssafehavensiegeworks.WuhanInstituteoffreshwatershouldgivefullplaytotheChineseAcademyofSciences,andimprovingtheaddedvalueofDongpingLakeaquaticproducts.1th,inthemiddleofthisyearProposedtoincreasethelevelofmodernizationinagriculture,hopingthecountylevelstoseriouslystudythedocuments.18plenarysession"storingfoodin,storingfoodinland",thisrequirementisveryhigh,population,foodisnotenough,andnotcompletelyrelyonimports,hastorelyontechnologytoincreasefoodproductionandlimitedlandmass,relevantdepartmentsatthecountylevelinparticular,agriculturalsector,activedockingtertiaryinstitutions,theInstitutetooktheleadinthe 幕墙单元与主体结构的连接件在地震作用下要有足够的承载能力和变动幕调节能力，即幕墙单元与主体结构之间用可调弹性螺栓连接的弹性连接方式；适宜的结构胶厚度的计算选取，使玻璃在地震作用下有足够的减振缓冲作用；具有大变位的耐候胶及其适宜部位的选取和应用，在地震作用下可防止幕墙玻璃之间出现拉裂；适宜的玻璃间缝隙，避免玻璃相撞。12、清理石材饰面除去石材板表面的胶带纸，用清水和清洁剂将石材表面擦洗干净。清洗溶剂要符合要求，清扫工具禁止使用金属物品，以防磨损饰面板或构件表面。石材清洗应无遗漏部分及残留物。六、材料及设备1、材料1.1石材：饰面板采用花岗岩石材，厚度一般不小于25mm。1.2龙骨：竖向龙骨一般采用镀锌槽钢，水平龙骨一般采用热镀锌角钢。1.3锚固板：锚固板一般采用热镀锌钢板，竖向龙骨与墙体连接件一般采用镀锌槽钢，锚固板与墙体连接采用不锈钢膨胀螺栓（可避免酸金属腐蚀），锚固板与砼梁柱连接一般采用化学锚栓。1.4连接件：挂件一般采用不锈钢挂件，粘结剂采用大理石胶。1.5密封胶：挂件与石材连接采用云石胶，石材缝采用硅酮耐候胶。2、施工机械机具设备需用计划序号工具名称单位数量用途电压规格型号功率1电焊机台4用于外墙钢龙骨焊接380VB-X-6300Kw2台钻台2用于龙骨加工、钻孔380VTKC-100SA3切割机台2用于切割钢材加工380VB-X-6200Kw4冲击钻把5用于膨胀栓墙体钻孔220VV-P-V165手提切割机把15用于石材开槽修边220V6打胶枪把8用于打石材胶缝7水平尺根10用于安装石材speeduptechnologyresultsinto,activeguideenterprisewillmaturetechnologyresultsintoforproductivity,andTranslateintoeconomicbenefits,effortstosolveeconomicandtechnological"twopeels"phenomenon,saysfromtheDongpingreal,istoprovideresearchinstitutionswithmoreintoplace.Strengtheningtheagriculturalscientificandtechnologicalachievementsinthefieldtoimproveeffortstohelpfarmers,cropplanting,processing,animalhusbandryandotheragriculturalproducts,increasetheintensityoftransformingscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,scienceandtechnologytoimproveagriculturalefficiency,improvethemassincomeandservicesimmigrantssafehavensiegeworks.WuhanInstituteoffreshwatershouldgivefullplaytotheChineseAcademyofSciences,andimprovingtheaddedvalueofDongpingLakeaquaticproducts.1th,inthemiddleofthisyearProposedtoincreasethelevelofmodernizationinagriculture,hopingthecountylevelstoseriouslystudythedocuments.18plenarysession"storingfoodin,storingfoodinland",thisrequirementisveryhigh,population,foodisnotenough,andnotcompletelyrelyonimports,hastorelyontechnologytoincreasefoodproductionandlimitedlandmass,relevantdepartmentsatthecountylevelinparticular,agriculturalsector,activedockingtertiaryinstitutions,theInstitutetooktheleadinthe 8靠尺根10用于安装石材9其他工具随现场施工所需添加各种施工机械已经过维修和调试，确保运转正常。各种易磨损零配件准备充足，并陆续进场。七、质量控制要求表1石材幕墙安装的允许偏差和检验方法项次项目允许偏差（mm）检验方法光面麻面1幕墙垂直度幕墙高度≤30m10用经纬仪检查30m＜幕墙高度≤60m1560m＜幕墙高度≤90m20幕墙高度＞90m252幕墙水平度光面2/毛面3用水平仪检查3板材立面垂直度3用垂直检测尺检查4板材上沿水平度2用1m水平尺和钢直尺检查5相邻板材板角错位1用钢直尺检查6幕墙表面平整度23用靠尺检查7阳角方正24用直角检测尺检查8接缝直线度34接5m线，不足5m拉通线，用钢直尺检查9接缝高低差1—用钢直尺和塞尺检查10接缝宽度12用钢直尺检查表2每平方米石材的表面质量和检验方法项次项目质量要求检验方法1裂痕、明显划伤和长度＞100mm轻微划伤不允许观察speeduptechnologyresultsinto,activeguideenterprisewillmaturetechnologyresultsintoforproductivity,andTranslateintoeconomicbenefits,effortstosolveeconomicandtechnological"twopeels"phenomenon,saysfromtheDongpingreal,istoprovideresearchinstitutionswithmoreintoplace.Strengtheningtheagriculturalscientificandtechnologicalachievementsinthefieldtoimproveeffortstohelpfarmers,cropplanting,processing,animalhusbandryandotheragriculturalproducts,increasetheintensityoftransformingscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,scienceandtechnologytoimproveagriculturalefficiency,improvethemassincomeandservicesimmigrantssafehavensiegeworks.WuhanInstituteoffreshwatershouldgivefullplaytotheChineseAcademyofSciences,andimprovingtheaddedvalueofDongpingLakeaquaticproducts.1th,inthemiddleofthisyearProposedtoincreasethelevelofmodernizationinagriculture,hopingthecountylevelstoseriouslystudythedocuments.18plenarysession"storingfoodin,storingfoodinland",thisrequirementisveryhigh,population,foodisnotenough,andnotcompletelyrelyonimports,hastorelyontechnologytoincreasefoodproductionandlimitedlandmass,relevantdepartmentsatthecountylevelinparticular,agriculturalsector,activedockingtertiaryinstitutions,theInstitutetooktheleadinthe 2长度≤100mm的轻微划伤≤8条用钢尺检查3擦伤总面积≤500mm2用钢尺检查1、石材在运输前对操作人员进行作业的交底，详述搬运过程中应注意的事项。2、石材进场后需按照其规格、材质进行分类码放，石材底部垫10×10的木块，石材的光面与光面相对；石材上严禁堆放其它材料；3、各种石材、连接件、钢制骨架需有厂家出具的合格证、检测报告；4、结构基层需坚实、牢固，表面平整度、立面垂直度需进行处理，凸出部分进行剔凿，凹进部分用1：2的水泥砂浆进行修补，待其强度达到要求后再进行钢制骨架连接件的安装。5、钢制骨架安装时需随时用水平尺检测其平整度和垂直度，以保证其施工质量，钢制骨架安装位置与石材分格图相符。6、饰面板安装时需按照操作工艺进行，随时检测饰面板平整度、垂直度、接缝高低、接缝顺直、阴阳角搭接方正，确认无误后再拧紧紧固螺栓并随时用棉纱擦掉表面的污物。7、严格按照建筑装饰装修施工质量验收规范GB50210-2001和山西省建筑工程施工质量验收规程DBJ04-226-2003验收。八、安全措施1、建立安全施工保证体系，落实安全施工岗位责任制。2、建立建全安全生产责任制，签定安全生产责任书，将目标层层分解落实到人。3、队伍进场后，所有人员经过安全三级安全教育考试合格后，方可进入现场施工。4、电工、焊工等必须经过作业培训，经过考试合格，取得特殊工种操作证后方可独立作业，必须持证上岗。5、施工前，必须对操作工人进行安全技术交底；进入施工现场人员必须戴好安全帽，高空作业必须佩戴安全带。6、进入施工现场必须戴好安全帽，系好帽带，穿好防滑鞋。7、现场内不得随意大小便、吸烟、打闹，不得到与自身工作无关的地方去。speeduptechnologyresultsinto,activeguideenterprisewillmaturetechnologyresultsintoforproductivity,andTranslateintoeconomicbenefits,effortstosolveeconomicandtechnological"twopeels"phenomenon,saysfromtheDongpingreal,istoprovideresearchinstitutionswithmoreintoplace.Strengtheningtheagriculturalscientificandtechnologicalachievementsinthefieldtoimproveeffortstohelpfarmers,cropplanting,processing,animalhusbandryandotheragriculturalproducts,increasetheintensityoftransformingscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,scienceandtechnologytoimproveagriculturalefficiency,improvethemassincomeandservicesimmigrantssafehavensiegeworks.WuhanInstituteoffreshwatershouldgivefullplaytotheChineseAcademyofSciences,andimprovingtheaddedvalueofDongpingLakeaquaticproducts.1th,inthemiddleofthisyearProposedtoincreasethelevelofmodernizationinagriculture,hopingthecountylevelstoseriouslystudythedocuments.18plenarysession"storingfoodin,storingfoodinland",thisrequirementisveryhigh,population,foodisnotenough,andnotcompletelyrelyonimports,hastorelyontechnologytoincreasefoodproductionandlimitedlandmass,relevantdepartmentsatthecountylevelinparticular,agriculturalsector,activedockingtertiaryinstitutions,theInstitutetooktheleadinthe 8、在电焊时，作业面上下不得有其他人员交叉作业。在施工时不得往下方投掷任何物体，每人要佩带工具袋，在无防护的高空作业时必须正确使用安全带。节日严禁酒后上岗作业。9、现场的洞口及檐口防护不得任意拆改，严格按照安装方案施工。10、电焊机、电箱等应放置在防雨、防砸的地方，下方不得有堆土和积水。周围不得堆放易燃易爆物品等杂物。电焊机应严格按安全部门的要求及安全交底设置、操作。11、施工现场必须作到工完场清，随时清理垃圾。九、文明施工及消防环保措施1、严格按照公司环境保证体系程序文件要求，组织施工生产。2、项目部设立专职消防负责人，负责电气焊、用电、动火等消防工作的管理。3、施工材料的存放、保管要符合防火安全要求，易燃材料要分类设专库储存，并要经常进行防火安全检查，发现火险隐患要及时采取措施予以消除。4、施工现场禁止吸烟。乙炔、氧气瓶的存放间距不得小于5m，使用时两者的距离不得小于10m，且距明火不得小于10m。5、施工现场用电，要严格按照用电管理规定，加强电源管理，谨防电器火灾。6、进入现场必须戴好安全帽，高空作业系好安全带。重点控制焊接施工，电气焊操作人员必须持证上岗，作业时要有专人看火且要有灭火器具。7、注意生活、工作中的环境卫生，不得随地大、小便，各种垃圾要及时清理并运至指定地点。十、效益分析1、石材安装可以上下板块的连续作业，提高了施工效率。2、幕墙抗震性好，有效减少挂件位置石材局部破裂，节约维修成本。3、石材采用专用工具加工，精度好、效率高，大大加快了施工进度。4、由于效率提高，该技术综合经济性能高，较传统幕墙节约成本。十一、应用实例speeduptechnologyresultsinto,activeguideenterprisewillmaturetechnologyresultsintoforproductivity,andTranslateintoeconomicbenefits,effortstosolveeconomicandtechnological"twopeels"phenomenon,saysfromtheDongpingreal,istoprovideresearchinstitutionswithmoreintoplace.Strengtheningtheagriculturalscientificandtechnologicalachievementsinthefieldtoimproveeffortstohelpfarmers,cropplanting,processing,animalhusbandryandotheragriculturalproducts,increasetheintensityoftransformingscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,scienceandtechnologytoimproveagriculturalefficiency,improvethemassincomeandservicesimmigrantssafehavensiegeworks.WuhanInstituteoffreshwatershouldgivefullplaytotheChineseAcademyofSciences,andimprovingtheaddedvalueofDongpingLakeaquaticproducts.1th,inthemiddleofthisyearProposedtoincreasethelevelofmodernizationinagriculture,hopingthecountylevelstoseriouslystudythedocuments.18plenarysession"storingfoodin,storingfoodinland",thisrequirementisveryhigh,population,foodisnotenough,andnotcompletelyrelyonimports,hastorelyontechnologytoincreasefoodproductionandlimitedlandmass,relevantdepartmentsatthecountylevelinparticular,agriculturalsector,activedockingtertiaryinstitutions,theInstitutetooktheleadinthe 阳煤集团新景矿安全培训大楼工程及阳煤集团晋东公司生产调度指挥中心工程的外墙装饰均采用干挂石材幕墙。外墙装饰完成后，整个大楼色调一致，气势恢宏。speeduptechnologyresultsinto,activeguideenterprisewillmaturetechnologyresultsintoforproductivity,andTranslateintoeconomicbenefits,effortstosolveeconomicandtechnological"twopeels"phenomenon,saysfromtheDongpingreal,istoprovideresearchinstitutionswithmoreintoplace.Strengtheningtheagriculturalscientificandtechnologicalachievementsinthefieldtoimproveeffortstohelpfarmers,cropplanting,processing,animalhusbandryandotheragriculturalproducts,increasetheintensityoftransformingscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,scienceandtechnologytoimproveagriculturalefficiency,improvethemassincomeandservicesimmigrantssafehavensiegeworks.WuhanInstituteoffreshwatershouldgivefullplaytotheChineseAcademyofSciences,andimprovingtheaddedvalueofDongpingLakeaquaticproducts.1th,inthemiddleofthisyearProposedtoincreasethelevelofmodernizationinagriculture,hopingthecountylevelstoseriouslystudythedocuments.18plenarysession"storingfoodin,storingfoodinland",thisrequirementisveryhigh,population,foodisnotenough,andnotcompletelyrelyonimports,hastorelyontechnologytoincreasefoodproductionandlimitedlandmass,relevantdepartmentsatthecountylevelinparticular,agriculturalsector,activedockingtertiaryinstitutions,theInstitutetooktheleadinthe'