bg-25c型全液压钻机全护筒斜桩施工工法

'Followingpartsofordinaryboltconnection:wall-beams,purlins,knee.Designofdrainage,electrical,heating,ventilation,airconditioning,powershouldbesubjecttosafetyrequirementsforsteelstructuresofotherprofessions,itisforbiddentoweldhangingloadandincreasedroofandcolumns.ConstructionpreparedandtheconstructionlayoutfirstsectionmaterialpreparedandtheprocessingproductionpreparedaccordingtoZhejiangmorePalacesteellimitedandWuhanintelligentelevatorlimitedbysignedofcontractfileandtheInstituteprovidesofsteeldesignblueprint,IcompanyandtheOrganizationTechnologyDepartment,productiondepartment,procurementDepartment,biddoEngineeringDepartment,relatedproductionsectorfordrawingstriage,andaccordingtoownersrequirementstimelydesignoutproductionandtheprocessingdetailandforhasrelatedprofessionalsectorofstrictlytriage,specificworkprocessfollowing:Biddobidnotice→TechnologyDepartment→addupdo→procurementdepartment→productiondepartment→qualityDepartment→EngineeringDepartmentTechnologyDepartmentproductionandtheprocessingdetailproposedHou,byaddupdocoordinationthesectorofsupportingwork,andbyfigurelinebyvarieties,andspecifications,andqualityforclassified,andnotificationProcurementDepartmentformaterialofmarketsurveyandprocurement,byqualityDepartmentaccordingtobypurchasedmaterialofspecificationsvarietiesforqualityreviewandtest,notqualifiedofmaterialvarietiesandspecificationsstronglybanfortheengineeringinthe,Afterpassinginspectioninformedtheworkshopofproductionoftimberaccordingtostrictproductiondetailsofproduction,workshoporganizedbytheGeneralManagerbeforetheproductiontechnologyandsecuritysectortechnicalsafetytraining,safetyeducationcompanytostrictlythree-leveldisclosure,trainingofqualifiedpersonnelisstrictlyprohibitedtopostproduction,productionpersonnelmustbelistedtowork,youmusthavethecorrespondingcertificate.Roadworkersmusthavethecertificate,andregularassessmentsshouldbecarriedout,notaskilledoperatorpostsisstrictlyprohibited.Productionofvariousitemsofequipment,appliancesandother,non-professionalisstrictlyprohibitedactionsandstrictregulations,strongrewards,beeliminated.Productionlinesetonperson,title,responsibilities,andperformanceandsafetycomprehensiveassessment.MaterialprocurementprocessstrictlyhandlingtheBG-25C型全液压旋挖钻机全护筒斜桩施工工法中铁七局集团有限公司陈智殷建余骏刘勇张涛工法编号：EJGF46-20081.前言斜钻桩孔可以克服垂直桩劲度不足的问题，当上部建筑有较大的水平荷载时采用，它可以将水平荷载传递至地层深处，斜钻孔桩以及有斜钻孔桩群桩广泛应用于桥梁、码头以及大型输电线路基础等工程。斜桩施工容易出现塌孔、钻孔弯曲、钻杆中心与桩孔设计中心不在同一轴线等问题，施工难度较大。斜桩施工的关键在于控制桩的倾斜度和保证成孔的质量，在施工中容易出现塌孔、钻孔弯曲、钻杆中心与桩孔设计中心不在同一轴线等问题，施工难度较大。2007年5月至2007年9月，中铁七局在塞内加尔古鲁木桥斜桩基础施工中，针对斜桩的施工特点，采用了BG-25C型全液压旋挖钻机全护筒进行斜桩的施工，收到了良好的效果，并在施工中探索和完善了一套完整的施工工艺，积累了丰富的经验，2008年12月22日中国中铁股份有限公司对《用BG-25C型全液压旋挖钻机全护筒进行斜桩施工技术》进行了评审。在对施工中的控制性技术要点进行整理并形成了本工法。2.工法特点2.0.1钻机钻进速度快、成孔质量高。钻机的回转、钻进由液压驱动，回转扭矩大、进给力可根据地质情况进行调整；旋挖出的岩土由钻头直接提出地面排碴，不需要借助泥浆等其它介质，因此钻进速度快、效率高。在钻孔作业时，桅杆倾斜度由电脑控制自动调整，调整精度高、速度快，能保证钻孔倾斜度偏差在1%以内；钻孔深度为电脑监控，其精度可达到±-13- Followingpartsofordinaryboltconnection:wall-beams,purlins,knee.Designofdrainage,electrical,heating,ventilation,airconditioning,powershouldbesubjecttosafetyrequirementsforsteelstructuresofotherprofessions,itisforbiddentoweldhangingloadandincreasedroofandcolumns.ConstructionpreparedandtheconstructionlayoutfirstsectionmaterialpreparedandtheprocessingproductionpreparedaccordingtoZhejiangmorePalacesteellimitedandWuhanintelligentelevatorlimitedbysignedofcontractfileandtheInstituteprovidesofsteeldesignblueprint,IcompanyandtheOrganizationTechnologyDepartment,productiondepartment,procurementDepartment,biddoEngineeringDepartment,relatedproductionsectorfordrawingstriage,andaccordingtoownersrequirementstimelydesignoutproductionandtheprocessingdetailandforhasrelatedprofessionalsectorofstrictlytriage,specificworkprocessfollowing:Biddobidnotice→TechnologyDepartment→addupdo→procurementdepartment→productiondepartment→qualityDepartment→EngineeringDepartmentTechnologyDepartmentproductionandtheprocessingdetailproposedHou,byaddupdocoordinationthesectorofsupportingwork,andbyfigurelinebyvarieties,andspecifications,andqualityforclassified,andnotificationProcurementDepartmentformaterialofmarketsurveyandprocurement,byqualityDepartmentaccordingtobypurchasedmaterialofspecificationsvarietiesforqualityreviewandtest,notqualifiedofmaterialvarietiesandspecificationsstronglybanfortheengineeringinthe,Afterpassinginspectioninformedtheworkshopofproductionoftimberaccordingtostrictproductiondetailsofproduction,workshoporganizedbytheGeneralManagerbeforetheproductiontechnologyandsecuritysectortechnicalsafetytraining,safetyeducationcompanytostrictlythree-leveldisclosure,trainingofqualifiedpersonnelisstrictlyprohibitedtopostproduction,productionpersonnelmustbelistedtowork,youmusthavethecorrespondingcertificate.Roadworkersmusthavethecertificate,andregularassessmentsshouldbecarriedout,notaskilledoperatorpostsisstrictlyprohibited.Productionofvariousitemsofequipment,appliancesandother,non-professionalisstrictlyprohibitedactionsandstrictregulations,strongrewards,beeliminated.Productionlinesetonperson,title,responsibilities,andperformanceandsafetycomprehensiveassessment.Materialprocurementprocessstrictlyhandlingthe10cm，因此钻孔的倾斜度及深度偏差值都较小，质量高。2.0.2钻机操作控制系统应用PC电脑，自动化程度高，工人劳动强度低，钻机操作人员在驾驶室中完成所有作业。2.0.3采用全护筒成孔简便、费用低、成孔可靠，对环境无污染。2.0.4采用自制钢板模型垫块配合钻机PC控制钻孔桩倾斜度，精确度高、可操作性强。3.适用范围本工法适用于处于粉土层、粘土层、砂层、卵砾石层等地质条件下的倾斜钻孔桩基础。4.工法原理4.0.1BG-25C型旋挖钻机的外形及各部位名称见图4.0.1-1:-13- Followingpartsofordinaryboltconnection:wall-beams,purlins,knee.Designofdrainage,electrical,heating,ventilation,airconditioning,powershouldbesubjecttosafetyrequirementsforsteelstructuresofotherprofessions,itisforbiddentoweldhangingloadandincreasedroofandcolumns.ConstructionpreparedandtheconstructionlayoutfirstsectionmaterialpreparedandtheprocessingproductionpreparedaccordingtoZhejiangmorePalacesteellimitedandWuhanintelligentelevatorlimitedbysignedofcontractfileandtheInstituteprovidesofsteeldesignblueprint,IcompanyandtheOrganizationTechnologyDepartment,productiondepartment,procurementDepartment,biddoEngineeringDepartment,relatedproductionsectorfordrawingstriage,andaccordingtoownersrequirementstimelydesignoutproductionandtheprocessingdetailandforhasrelatedprofessionalsectorofstrictlytriage,specificworkprocessfollowing:Biddobidnotice→TechnologyDepartment→addupdo→procurementdepartment→productiondepartment→qualityDepartment→EngineeringDepartmentTechnologyDepartmentproductionandtheprocessingdetailproposedHou,byaddupdocoordinationthesectorofsupportingwork,andbyfigurelinebyvarieties,andspecifications,andqualityforclassified,andnotificationProcurementDepartmentformaterialofmarketsurveyandprocurement,byqualityDepartmentaccordingtobypurchasedmaterialofspecificationsvarietiesforqualityreviewandtest,notqualifiedofmaterialvarietiesandspecificationsstronglybanfortheengineeringinthe,Afterpassinginspectioninformedtheworkshopofproductionoftimberaccordingtostrictproductiondetailsofproduction,workshoporganizedbytheGeneralManagerbeforetheproductiontechnologyandsecuritysectortechnicalsafetytraining,safetyeducationcompanytostrictlythree-leveldisclosure,trainingofqualifiedpersonnelisstrictlyprohibitedtopostproduction,productionpersonnelmustbelistedtowork,youmusthavethecorrespondingcertificate.Roadworkersmusthavethecertificate,andregularassessmentsshouldbecarriedout,notaskilledoperatorpostsisstrictlyprohibited.Productionofvariousitemsofequipment,appliancesandother,non-professionalisstrictlyprohibitedactionsandstrictregulations,strongrewards,beeliminated.Productionlinesetonperson,title,responsibilities,andperformanceandsafetycomprehensiveassessment.Materialprocurementprocessstrictlyhandlingthe图4.0.1-1BG-25C型旋挖钻结构外观4.0.2钻机钻孔作业原理-13- Followingpartsofordinaryboltconnection:wall-beams,purlins,knee.Designofdrainage,electrical,heating,ventilation,airconditioning,powershouldbesubjecttosafetyrequirementsforsteelstructuresofotherprofessions,itisforbiddentoweldhangingloadandincreasedroofandcolumns.ConstructionpreparedandtheconstructionlayoutfirstsectionmaterialpreparedandtheprocessingproductionpreparedaccordingtoZhejiangmorePalacesteellimitedandWuhanintelligentelevatorlimitedbysignedofcontractfileandtheInstituteprovidesofsteeldesignblueprint,IcompanyandtheOrganizationTechnologyDepartment,productiondepartment,procurementDepartment,biddoEngineeringDepartment,relatedproductionsectorfordrawingstriage,andaccordingtoownersrequirementstimelydesignoutproductionandtheprocessingdetailandforhasrelatedprofessionalsectorofstrictlytriage,specificworkprocessfollowing:Biddobidnotice→TechnologyDepartment→addupdo→procurementdepartment→productiondepartment→qualityDepartment→EngineeringDepartmentTechnologyDepartmentproductionandtheprocessingdetailproposedHou,byaddupdocoordinationthesectorofsupportingwork,andbyfigurelinebyvarieties,andspecifications,andqualityforclassified,andnotificationProcurementDepartmentformaterialofmarketsurveyandprocurement,byqualityDepartmentaccordingtobypurchasedmaterialofspecificationsvarietiesforqualityreviewandtest,notqualifiedofmaterialvarietiesandspecificationsstronglybanfortheengineeringinthe,Afterpassinginspectioninformedtheworkshopofproductionoftimberaccordingtostrictproductiondetailsofproduction,workshoporganizedbytheGeneralManagerbeforetheproductiontechnologyandsecuritysectortechnicalsafetytraining,safetyeducationcompanytostrictlythree-leveldisclosure,trainingofqualifiedpersonnelisstrictlyprohibitedtopostproduction,productionpersonnelmustbelistedtowork,youmusthavethecorrespondingcertificate.Roadworkersmusthavethecertificate,andregularassessmentsshouldbecarriedout,notaskilledoperatorpostsisstrictlyprohibited.Productionofvariousitemsofequipment,appliancesandother,non-professionalisstrictlyprohibitedactionsandstrictregulations,strongrewards,beeliminated.Productionlinesetonperson,title,responsibilities,andperformanceandsafetycomprehensiveassessment.Materialprocurementprocessstrictlyhandlingthe旋挖钻机就位并调整桅杆倾斜度后，主卷扬工作落下钻杆，使钻头接触地面，正向转动液压回转动力头，回转动力头驱动从中穿过的钻杆带动钻头旋转；同时，操纵桅杆上部的加压油缸使其工作，加压油缸推动桅杆上的滑架，从而推动固定、安装在滑架上的回转动力头向下运动，回转动力头与第一层钻杆之间设计有棘齿（该棘齿也是正向旋转咬合、反向旋转松开），棘齿咬合为钻头提供向下的进给力。钻机向下的进给力以钻机的自重为反力。钻机钻进的同时，主卷扬随着钻头钻进行程不断自动出绳，并保持钢丝绳具有一定的张紧力。钻头钻进岩土一定深度后，即应向上提升钻头排碴，钻头每次在土层中钻进的深度一般为0.8~1m，旋挖下来的松散岩土将钻头工作部的80%左右空腔填满后停止进给，反向旋转松开各个咬合部位的棘齿咬合，主卷扬工作即向上提升钻头，进行排碴。钻头提升出地面一定高度后，旋转底盘转盘将钻头移至旋挖钻机履带侧面场地排碴，排碴后转盘旋转回原来位置，钻头对正孔口位置继续进行下一钻进循环。旋挖钻机钻孔排出的弃碴，使用装载机铲除、自卸汽车外运弃碴。4.0.3钻机全护筒工作原理护筒端头与钻机的动力头护筒驱动器相连，筒身由摇管机抱合，摇管机有液压驱动的抱管、晃管、压拔管机构。护筒的长度根据施工现场具体条件而定，一般由长度2~5m的单节护筒组成，护筒之间由平头螺栓连接。可以使用具有大扭矩输出的钻机动力头或摇管机通过边回旋或边摇动将护筒旋转入地下。首节护筒上装有护筒靴，护筒靴上配有一圈带碳化钨钢的切削齿，用于贯入坚硬地层及其他障碍物。全护筒成孔过程是将护筒边晃边旋边压入地下，并及时用平头螺栓连接下一节护筒，直至成孔。成孔后，在灌注水下混凝土的同时逐节拔出并拆除护筒，最后将护筒全部取尽。4.0.4倾斜度控制原理钻机的倾斜度由PC控制，可调节桅杆角度，从而带动钻杆依照设计的倾斜角度钻进，同时，用钢板自制一个模型垫块（如图4.0.4-1所示），将摇管机与钻机相连后置于钢板模型垫块上，使摇管机具有设计倾斜度，进而控制护筒按设计倾斜度压入土中。-13- Followingpartsofordinaryboltconnection:wall-beams,purlins,knee.Designofdrainage,electrical,heating,ventilation,airconditioning,powershouldbesubjecttosafetyrequirementsforsteelstructuresofotherprofessions,itisforbiddentoweldhangingloadandincreasedroofandcolumns.ConstructionpreparedandtheconstructionlayoutfirstsectionmaterialpreparedandtheprocessingproductionpreparedaccordingtoZhejiangmorePalacesteellimitedandWuhanintelligentelevatorlimitedbysignedofcontractfileandtheInstituteprovidesofsteeldesignblueprint,IcompanyandtheOrganizationTechnologyDepartment,productiondepartment,procurementDepartment,biddoEngineeringDepartment,relatedproductionsectorfordrawingstriage,andaccordingtoownersrequirementstimelydesignoutproductionandtheprocessingdetailandforhasrelatedprofessionalsectorofstrictlytriage,specificworkprocessfollowing:Biddobidnotice→TechnologyDepartment→addupdo→procurementdepartment→productiondepartment→qualityDepartment→EngineeringDepartmentTechnologyDepartmentproductionandtheprocessingdetailproposedHou,byaddupdocoordinationthesectorofsupportingwork,andbyfigurelinebyvarieties,andspecifications,andqualityforclassified,andnotificationProcurementDepartmentformaterialofmarketsurveyandprocurement,byqualityDepartmentaccordingtobypurchasedmaterialofspecificationsvarietiesforqualityreviewandtest,notqualifiedofmaterialvarietiesandspecificationsstronglybanfortheengineeringinthe,Afterpassinginspectioninformedtheworkshopofproductionoftimberaccordingtostrictproductiondetailsofproduction,workshoporganizedbytheGeneralManagerbeforetheproductiontechnologyandsecuritysectortechnicalsafetytraining,safetyeducationcompanytostrictlythree-leveldisclosure,trainingofqualifiedpersonnelisstrictlyprohibitedtopostproduction,productionpersonnelmustbelistedtowork,youmusthavethecorrespondingcertificate.Roadworkersmusthavethecertificate,andregularassessmentsshouldbecarriedout,notaskilledoperatorpostsisstrictlyprohibited.Productionofvariousitemsofequipment,appliancesandother,non-professionalisstrictlyprohibitedactionsandstrictregulations,strongrewards,beeliminated.Productionlinesetonperson,title,responsibilities,andperformanceandsafetycomprehensiveassessment.Materialprocurementprocessstrictlyhandlingthe图4.0.4-1钢板模型垫块4.0.5导管安放原理导管导向机构主要是为了避免导管在下放和以后的提升过程中挂在钢筋笼的钢筋。由于是桩是斜桩，导管是直的，所以在导管末节的下口用弓形的钢板包住，在导管下放或提升时起到平滑的作用，这样就不会挂到钢筋笼。如图4.0.5-1。图4.0.5-1导管导向机构5.工艺流程及施工要点-13- Followingpartsofordinaryboltconnection:wall-beams,purlins,knee.Designofdrainage,electrical,heating,ventilation,airconditioning,powershouldbesubjecttosafetyrequirementsforsteelstructuresofotherprofessions,itisforbiddentoweldhangingloadandincreasedroofandcolumns.ConstructionpreparedandtheconstructionlayoutfirstsectionmaterialpreparedandtheprocessingproductionpreparedaccordingtoZhejiangmorePalacesteellimitedandWuhanintelligentelevatorlimitedbysignedofcontractfileandtheInstituteprovidesofsteeldesignblueprint,IcompanyandtheOrganizationTechnologyDepartment,productiondepartment,procurementDepartment,biddoEngineeringDepartment,relatedproductionsectorfordrawingstriage,andaccordingtoownersrequirementstimelydesignoutproductionandtheprocessingdetailandforhasrelatedprofessionalsectorofstrictlytriage,specificworkprocessfollowing:Biddobidnotice→TechnologyDepartment→addupdo→procurementdepartment→productiondepartment→qualityDepartment→EngineeringDepartmentTechnologyDepartmentproductionandtheprocessingdetailproposedHou,byaddupdocoordinationthesectorofsupportingwork,andbyfigurelinebyvarieties,andspecifications,andqualityforclassified,andnotificationProcurementDepartmentformaterialofmarketsurveyandprocurement,byqualityDepartmentaccordingtobypurchasedmaterialofspecificationsvarietiesforqualityreviewandtest,notqualifiedofmaterialvarietiesandspecificationsstronglybanfortheengineeringinthe,Afterpassinginspectioninformedtheworkshopofproductionoftimberaccordingtostrictproductiondetailsofproduction,workshoporganizedbytheGeneralManagerbeforetheproductiontechnologyandsecuritysectortechnicalsafetytraining,safetyeducationcompanytostrictlythree-leveldisclosure,trainingofqualifiedpersonnelisstrictlyprohibitedtopostproduction,productionpersonnelmustbelistedtowork,youmusthavethecorrespondingcertificate.Roadworkersmusthavethecertificate,andregularassessmentsshouldbecarriedout,notaskilledoperatorpostsisstrictlyprohibited.Productionofvariousitemsofequipment,appliancesandother,non-professionalisstrictlyprohibitedactionsandstrictregulations,strongrewards,beeliminated.Productionlinesetonperson,title,responsibilities,andperformanceandsafetycomprehensiveassessment.Materialprocurementprocessstrictlyhandlingthe5.1工艺流程，见图5.1-1：施工场地平整测设桩位旋挖钻机就位压入首节护筒校正护筒倾斜度钻头钻进、排渣连接护筒并压入弃土外运成孔、终孔检查清孔吊放钢筋笼钢筋笼制作吊放导管钢筋笼运输到场灌注水下混凝土测量砼顶面高度并计算埋管深度拔出导管成桩混凝土拌制混凝土运输拔出护筒钻机移位图5.1-1施工工艺流程5.2施工要点-13- Followingpartsofordinaryboltconnection:wall-beams,purlins,knee.Designofdrainage,electrical,heating,ventilation,airconditioning,powershouldbesubjecttosafetyrequirementsforsteelstructuresofotherprofessions,itisforbiddentoweldhangingloadandincreasedroofandcolumns.ConstructionpreparedandtheconstructionlayoutfirstsectionmaterialpreparedandtheprocessingproductionpreparedaccordingtoZhejiangmorePalacesteellimitedandWuhanintelligentelevatorlimitedbysignedofcontractfileandtheInstituteprovidesofsteeldesignblueprint,IcompanyandtheOrganizationTechnologyDepartment,productiondepartment,procurementDepartment,biddoEngineeringDepartment,relatedproductionsectorfordrawingstriage,andaccordingtoownersrequirementstimelydesignoutproductionandtheprocessingdetailandforhasrelatedprofessionalsectorofstrictlytriage,specificworkprocessfollowing:Biddobidnotice→TechnologyDepartment→addupdo→procurementdepartment→productiondepartment→qualityDepartment→EngineeringDepartmentTechnologyDepartmentproductionandtheprocessingdetailproposedHou,byaddupdocoordinationthesectorofsupportingwork,andbyfigurelinebyvarieties,andspecifications,andqualityforclassified,andnotificationProcurementDepartmentformaterialofmarketsurveyandprocurement,byqualityDepartmentaccordingtobypurchasedmaterialofspecificationsvarietiesforqualityreviewandtest,notqualifiedofmaterialvarietiesandspecificationsstronglybanfortheengineeringinthe,Afterpassinginspectioninformedtheworkshopofproductionoftimberaccordingtostrictproductiondetailsofproduction,workshoporganizedbytheGeneralManagerbeforetheproductiontechnologyandsecuritysectortechnicalsafetytraining,safetyeducationcompanytostrictlythree-leveldisclosure,trainingofqualifiedpersonnelisstrictlyprohibitedtopostproduction,productionpersonnelmustbelistedtowork,youmusthavethecorrespondingcertificate.Roadworkersmusthavethecertificate,andregularassessmentsshouldbecarriedout,notaskilledoperatorpostsisstrictlyprohibited.Productionofvariousitemsofequipment,appliancesandother,non-professionalisstrictlyprohibitedactionsandstrictregulations,strongrewards,beeliminated.Productionlinesetonperson,title,responsibilities,andperformanceandsafetycomprehensiveassessment.Materialprocurementprocessstrictlyhandlingthe5.2.1施工准备BG-25C型全液压旋挖钻机属于大型机械，该型号钻机工作时的全重75吨，全高约22.84米，底盘履带总宽度4.4米，且钻机在施工场地内转移时，桅杆不可折叠、只能保持直立，具有重量大、重心高的特点，因此使用该型号钻机施工，对场地、施工便道要求较高，在为其进行施工现场准备时，应做到：作业场地平整、坚实、宽敞，上方无架空输电、通讯线路妨碍其作业及场地内转移；施工便道宽度保证6.0米以上，并应平坦、坚实，纵向坡度不应大于15度；作业场地除满足旋挖钻机作业外，还应给钻机排渣、清渣机械、运输车辆等留有作业、停靠、转车场地（条件允许时可利用场地内的施工便道）。5.2.2桩位放样及护桩布设施工中，对于指导旋挖钻机施工作业具有真正意义的是桩位中心桩的护桩。护桩是根据钻孔桩中心桩放设出的，护桩通常设4个，围绕中心桩在垂直及平行于钻机底盘纵向轴线的两个大致垂直方向上布设，以便于操作人员从车上观察。护桩距离中心桩的距离相同，直径100厘米的孔可取250厘米。护桩使用木桩，打下后上面再钉上小铁钉。5.2.3钻机就位为防止钻机在工作时因地质条件不良造成钻机下陷或倾斜，可在钻机履带下放分别垫一块1.5~2m宽，6~8m长，2cm厚的钢板。钻机两侧应留有排渣场地及灌注桩基混凝土时吊车的工作场地。就位后动力头施工方向应和履带板方向平行，不可垂直。支承摇管机与钻机的钢板模型垫块底面必须放置水平，以保证桩基倾斜度的精确性，可在钻机前方稍大于桩径的地面预先埋入有一定长度的方木，从而可将钢板模型垫板一端置于钻机履带下的钢板上、一端置于方木上以避免钻机工作时孔壁周围地质条件不良造成钢板模型垫块角度改变。5.2.4校正首节护筒倾斜度首节护筒旋转入地下10cm左右后，应该及时校核护筒的倾斜度，护筒倾斜度的校核应在垂直和平行于钻机机身两个方向用全站仪校核。如护筒倾斜度不满足要求，用护筒驱动器来改变护筒的方向使其满足要求。5.2.5连接护筒-13- Followingpartsofordinaryboltconnection:wall-beams,purlins,knee.Designofdrainage,electrical,heating,ventilation,airconditioning,powershouldbesubjecttosafetyrequirementsforsteelstructuresofotherprofessions,itisforbiddentoweldhangingloadandincreasedroofandcolumns.ConstructionpreparedandtheconstructionlayoutfirstsectionmaterialpreparedandtheprocessingproductionpreparedaccordingtoZhejiangmorePalacesteellimitedandWuhanintelligentelevatorlimitedbysignedofcontractfileandtheInstituteprovidesofsteeldesignblueprint,IcompanyandtheOrganizationTechnologyDepartment,productiondepartment,procurementDepartment,biddoEngineeringDepartment,relatedproductionsectorfordrawingstriage,andaccordingtoownersrequirementstimelydesignoutproductionandtheprocessingdetailandforhasrelatedprofessionalsectorofstrictlytriage,specificworkprocessfollowing:Biddobidnotice→TechnologyDepartment→addupdo→procurementdepartment→productiondepartment→qualityDepartment→EngineeringDepartmentTechnologyDepartmentproductionandtheprocessingdetailproposedHou,byaddupdocoordinationthesectorofsupportingwork,andbyfigurelinebyvarieties,andspecifications,andqualityforclassified,andnotificationProcurementDepartmentformaterialofmarketsurveyandprocurement,byqualityDepartmentaccordingtobypurchasedmaterialofspecificationsvarietiesforqualityreviewandtest,notqualifiedofmaterialvarietiesandspecificationsstronglybanfortheengineeringinthe,Afterpassinginspectioninformedtheworkshopofproductionoftimberaccordingtostrictproductiondetailsofproduction,workshoporganizedbytheGeneralManagerbeforetheproductiontechnologyandsecuritysectortechnicalsafetytraining,safetyeducationcompanytostrictlythree-leveldisclosure,trainingofqualifiedpersonnelisstrictlyprohibitedtopostproduction,productionpersonnelmustbelistedtowork,youmusthavethecorrespondingcertificate.Roadworkersmusthavethecertificate,andregularassessmentsshouldbecarriedout,notaskilledoperatorpostsisstrictlyprohibited.Productionofvariousitemsofequipment,appliancesandother,non-professionalisstrictlyprohibitedactionsandstrictregulations,strongrewards,beeliminated.Productionlinesetonperson,title,responsibilities,andperformanceandsafetycomprehensiveassessment.Materialprocurementprocessstrictlyhandlingthe护筒运输至工地后，吊放前可人力将其推滚至孔口附近，吊装时使用钻机桅杆上的副卷扬提升、吊装而不需要另配吊车作业。副卷扬是相对于主卷扬而言，它主要用于钻机维修、保养、更换钻具时使用。一节护筒压入到一定深度（一般高出摇管机20cm左右）后，用摇管机将该节护筒抱合紧密，护筒驱动器与该节护筒分离开。钻机副卷扬将下一节护筒吊装、提升直立后，护筒驱动器与此节护筒相连并提升，该节护筒与前一节护筒对位后以平头螺栓相连，利用护筒驱动器与摇管机使连接后的护筒下压进入土中。护筒顶面应高出地面50cm，以防止孔口处地面坍塌；护筒底部应紧跟钻头压入，并始终与钻头基本处于同一高度，以防止塌孔。5.2.6排渣钻机在钻孔过程中，源源不断将岩土从孔内挖出，如果不及时清运走，堆积过高将影响钻机的工作旋钻，从而影响钻机的钻孔作业，需要配置一台专用的机械负责弃碴清运工作，因其钻孔地层地质情况不同，钻进速度也不同，因此排碴速度也不同，一般每小时在5~10立方米之间，因此配备装碴清运设备时，装碴的孔桩，成孔检查合格后，采用吊车一次性将钢筋笼吊起、并下放到孔内。此种情况下提前将钢筋笼的焊接接长在孔口附近的施工场地进行，不占用孔口时间，从而可缩短整个孔桩的钻孔、灌注总时间，有利于加快施工进度。对于桩长较长、桩体钢筋笼全长超过吊车的起吊高度时，采取在孔口焊接接长钢筋笼。为缩短占用孔口时间，可采用多台电焊机同时施焊作业、钢筋接长采取单面搭接焊，从而降低焊接作业的难度。设备选用能力较小的装载机即可满足要求。5.2.7吊放桩体钢筋笼钻孔至设计深度并经过检验合格后，吊放桩体钢筋笼，钢筋笼的间隔圈按设计要求，采用与桩竖筋相同的钢筋。对于桩长较短的孔桩，成孔检查合格后，采用吊车一次性将钢筋笼吊起、并下放到孔内。此种情况下提前将钢筋笼的焊接接长在孔口附近的施工场地进行，不占用孔口时间，从而可缩短整个孔桩的钻孔、灌注总时间，有利于加快施工进度。对于桩长较长、桩体钢筋笼全长超过吊车的起吊高度时，采取在孔口焊接接长钢筋笼。为缩短占用孔口时间，可采用多台电焊机同时施焊作业、钢筋接长采取单面搭接焊，从而降低焊接作业的难度。-13- Followingpartsofordinaryboltconnection:wall-beams,purlins,knee.Designofdrainage,electrical,heating,ventilation,airconditioning,powershouldbesubjecttosafetyrequirementsforsteelstructuresofotherprofessions,itisforbiddentoweldhangingloadandincreasedroofandcolumns.ConstructionpreparedandtheconstructionlayoutfirstsectionmaterialpreparedandtheprocessingproductionpreparedaccordingtoZhejiangmorePalacesteellimitedandWuhanintelligentelevatorlimitedbysignedofcontractfileandtheInstituteprovidesofsteeldesignblueprint,IcompanyandtheOrganizationTechnologyDepartment,productiondepartment,procurementDepartment,biddoEngineeringDepartment,relatedproductionsectorfordrawingstriage,andaccordingtoownersrequirementstimelydesignoutproductionandtheprocessingdetailandforhasrelatedprofessionalsectorofstrictlytriage,specificworkprocessfollowing:Biddobidnotice→TechnologyDepartment→addupdo→procurementdepartment→productiondepartment→qualityDepartment→EngineeringDepartmentTechnologyDepartmentproductionandtheprocessingdetailproposedHou,byaddupdocoordinationthesectorofsupportingwork,andbyfigurelinebyvarieties,andspecifications,andqualityforclassified,andnotificationProcurementDepartmentformaterialofmarketsurveyandprocurement,byqualityDepartmentaccordingtobypurchasedmaterialofspecificationsvarietiesforqualityreviewandtest,notqualifiedofmaterialvarietiesandspecificationsstronglybanfortheengineeringinthe,Afterpassinginspectioninformedtheworkshopofproductionoftimberaccordingtostrictproductiondetailsofproduction,workshoporganizedbytheGeneralManagerbeforetheproductiontechnologyandsecuritysectortechnicalsafetytraining,safetyeducationcompanytostrictlythree-leveldisclosure,trainingofqualifiedpersonnelisstrictlyprohibitedtopostproduction,productionpersonnelmustbelistedtowork,youmusthavethecorrespondingcertificate.Roadworkersmusthavethecertificate,andregularassessmentsshouldbecarriedout,notaskilledoperatorpostsisstrictlyprohibited.Productionofvariousitemsofequipment,appliancesandother,non-professionalisstrictlyprohibitedactionsandstrictregulations,strongrewards,beeliminated.Productionlinesetonperson,title,responsibilities,andperformanceandsafetycomprehensiveassessment.Materialprocurementprocessstrictlyhandlingthe5.2.8吊放导管钢筋笼吊放完毕后，在井口安放固定导管的井架。井架的安放应水平、稳固，且使井架中心尽可能居于钻孔中心。每几节导管可预先在井口附近的施工场地内拼接好，以便于缩短吊装时间，导管的吊放可以利用钻机的副卷扬。导管使用前进行拼装打压，以检查导管是否有砂眼，法兰盘是否有变形、密封不严，试水压力为0.6～1.0MPa，导管安放触孔底后，上提300～500mm。为使导管能够顺利下放至孔底，自制一个导管导向结构（见图4.0.5-1），以避免导管在下放或以后提升过程中导管口挂在钢筋笼的钢筋上造成导管无法提升或钢筋笼上浮。5.2.9灌注水下混凝土为了保证混凝土连续灌注，导管不脱离混凝土面，且有一定的埋置深度，在灌注时要不断测定混凝土面的高度，以此推算导管每次上拔的高度以及护筒的埋深，避免导管脱离混凝土面和混凝土灌注的中断以及护筒埋深过深而导致无法拔出护筒。5.2.10拔出导管拔出套筒前，内部灌满砼，拔套筒时，速度相对缓慢，且受水下灌注砼的水压和自身重力的作用，下落的砼（未凝固，流体状）完全可以填充拔出护筒后造成的2cm间隙。此步的关键工序在于拔护筒时必须缓慢，才能使砼完好的填充间隙。当遇到需要同时拔出导管和护筒时，应先将提升起来的导管拆除后用钻机副卷扬吊住导管，利用钻机护筒驱动器及摇管机将需要拆除的护筒提升，待该节护筒拆除后，再在井口安放固定导管的井架，然后将导管放下继续灌注混凝土。5.3劳动组织在旋挖钻全护筒斜桩施工中，实行全面统筹管理，采用先进的现代管理技术“网络计划”，使参加施工人员对施工进度控制和相互制约有比较清楚的认识，机械设备根据需要统一调配。使人、机安排合理有序。以一个工作日（8小时工作时间）为例，其劳动力组织安排见表5.3-1-13- Followingpartsofordinaryboltconnection:wall-beams,purlins,knee.Designofdrainage,electrical,heating,ventilation,airconditioning,powershouldbesubjecttosafetyrequirementsforsteelstructuresofotherprofessions,itisforbiddentoweldhangingloadandincreasedroofandcolumns.ConstructionpreparedandtheconstructionlayoutfirstsectionmaterialpreparedandtheprocessingproductionpreparedaccordingtoZhejiangmorePalacesteellimitedandWuhanintelligentelevatorlimitedbysignedofcontractfileandtheInstituteprovidesofsteeldesignblueprint,IcompanyandtheOrganizationTechnologyDepartment,productiondepartment,procurementDepartment,biddoEngineeringDepartment,relatedproductionsectorfordrawingstriage,andaccordingtoownersrequirementstimelydesignoutproductionandtheprocessingdetailandforhasrelatedprofessionalsectorofstrictlytriage,specificworkprocessfollowing:Biddobidnotice→TechnologyDepartment→addupdo→procurementdepartment→productiondepartment→qualityDepartment→EngineeringDepartmentTechnologyDepartmentproductionandtheprocessingdetailproposedHou,byaddupdocoordinationthesectorofsupportingwork,andbyfigurelinebyvarieties,andspecifications,andqualityforclassified,andnotificationProcurementDepartmentformaterialofmarketsurveyandprocurement,byqualityDepartmentaccordingtobypurchasedmaterialofspecificationsvarietiesforqualityreviewandtest,notqualifiedofmaterialvarietiesandspecificationsstronglybanfortheengineeringinthe,Afterpassinginspectioninformedtheworkshopofproductionoftimberaccordingtostrictproductiondetailsofproduction,workshoporganizedbytheGeneralManagerbeforetheproductiontechnologyandsecuritysectortechnicalsafetytraining,safetyeducationcompanytostrictlythree-leveldisclosure,trainingofqualifiedpersonnelisstrictlyprohibitedtopostproduction,productionpersonnelmustbelistedtowork,youmusthavethecorrespondingcertificate.Roadworkersmusthavethecertificate,andregularassessmentsshouldbecarriedout,notaskilledoperatorpostsisstrictlyprohibited.Productionofvariousitemsofequipment,appliancesandother,non-professionalisstrictlyprohibitedactionsandstrictregulations,strongrewards,beeliminated.Productionlinesetonperson,title,responsibilities,andperformanceandsafetycomprehensiveassessment.Materialprocurementprocessstrictlyhandlingthe《劳动力组织规划表》。表5.3-1劳动力组织规划表序号人员名称人数工作内容备注1领工员1安排施工任务，协调各工种工作，统一指挥现场施工2技术员1放设桩位；埋设护筒标高及钻孔孔深控制；灌注混凝土时，控制导管在混凝土中的埋深。3试验员1控制灌注混凝土质量，现场混凝土试验及检查试件制作4钻机司机1旋挖钻机操纵、日常维修保养5吊车司机1吊车操纵、日常维修保养，负责现场起重作业6装载机司机1装载机操纵、日常维修保养，负责现场弃渣清理、场地平整，砼拌和站混凝土粗、细骨料机械上料7钢筋工3钢筋笼加工、制作8电焊工1现场电焊作业9砼拌和人员6混凝土水泥、外加剂人工上料；砼搅拌机操作10砼输送泵操作人员1混凝土输送泵操作、日常维修保养11电工1负责各种用电设备的供电管理、线路布设12修理工2负责所有机械设备的维修13普通力工6旋挖钻钻头弃土操作；井架、吊具的装配、使用管理；输送泵管的装卸；导管的装卸；套管的装卸；钢筋笼下放；灌注混凝土6.材料与设备主要机具使用如下表：表6-1机具需求量表-13- Followingpartsofordinaryboltconnection:wall-beams,purlins,knee.Designofdrainage,electrical,heating,ventilation,airconditioning,powershouldbesubjecttosafetyrequirementsforsteelstructuresofotherprofessions,itisforbiddentoweldhangingloadandincreasedroofandcolumns.ConstructionpreparedandtheconstructionlayoutfirstsectionmaterialpreparedandtheprocessingproductionpreparedaccordingtoZhejiangmorePalacesteellimitedandWuhanintelligentelevatorlimitedbysignedofcontractfileandtheInstituteprovidesofsteeldesignblueprint,IcompanyandtheOrganizationTechnologyDepartment,productiondepartment,procurementDepartment,biddoEngineeringDepartment,relatedproductionsectorfordrawingstriage,andaccordingtoownersrequirementstimelydesignoutproductionandtheprocessingdetailandforhasrelatedprofessionalsectorofstrictlytriage,specificworkprocessfollowing:Biddobidnotice→TechnologyDepartment→addupdo→procurementdepartment→productiondepartment→qualityDepartment→EngineeringDepartmentTechnologyDepartmentproductionandtheprocessingdetailproposedHou,byaddupdocoordinationthesectorofsupportingwork,andbyfigurelinebyvarieties,andspecifications,andqualityforclassified,andnotificationProcurementDepartmentformaterialofmarketsurveyandprocurement,byqualityDepartmentaccordingtobypurchasedmaterialofspecificationsvarietiesforqualityreviewandtest,notqualifiedofmaterialvarietiesandspecificationsstronglybanfortheengineeringinthe,Afterpassinginspectioninformedtheworkshopofproductionoftimberaccordingtostrictproductiondetailsofproduction,workshoporganizedbytheGeneralManagerbeforetheproductiontechnologyandsecuritysectortechnicalsafetytraining,safetyeducationcompanytostrictlythree-leveldisclosure,trainingofqualifiedpersonnelisstrictlyprohibitedtopostproduction,productionpersonnelmustbelistedtowork,youmusthavethecorrespondingcertificate.Roadworkersmusthavethecertificate,andregularassessmentsshouldbecarriedout,notaskilledoperatorpostsisstrictlyprohibited.Productionofvariousitemsofequipment,appliancesandother,non-professionalisstrictlyprohibitedactionsandstrictregulations,strongrewards,beeliminated.Productionlinesetonperson,title,responsibilities,andperformanceandsafetycomprehensiveassessment.Materialprocurementprocessstrictlyhandlingthe序号设备名称规格型号数量用途1旋挖钻机BG-25C1钻孔及灌注水洗混凝土2汽车起重机QY-25K1各种起重作业3轮式装载机ZL40B1钻孔桩施工现场清理、弃渣处理；灌注混凝土时拌和站粗、细骨料上料4自卸汽车2528K/18m31运输弃渣5配料机1混凝土各组份配料6混凝土搅拌机500L2混凝土搅拌7混凝土输送泵1混凝土运输8电焊机300A2钢筋笼加工9钢筋弯曲机40mm1钢筋弯折加工10钢筋切断机40mm1钢筋切断加工11导管套112井架、吊具套17.质量控制7.0.1建立工地质量领导小组，实行质量责任制，并制定质量奖惩措施，使质量责任落实到人。7.0.2施工前由项目部技术部向施工作业队伍进行交底，对旋钻挖全护筒斜桩的施工方案、施工工艺、操作规程、技术要求、质量标准等进行交底。7.0.3进行钻孔施工时，以钻机上操作控制盘显示的倾斜度、深度为参考，及时对其进行检查、校核。倾斜度的校核定期进行，深度的校核每个孔接近孔底2.0米时，每旋挖一次提出钻头后，都要使用测绳测测量孔深、校核钻机的孔深计量系统，防止过度超钻发生。7.0.4定期进行导管密封性检验，为保证其密封性，对于导管接头处的密封垫圈等定期检查、更换。7.0.5施工期间由项目部派技术人员及专职质量控制人员对现场进行质量控制。7.0.6-13- Followingpartsofordinaryboltconnection:wall-beams,purlins,knee.Designofdrainage,electrical,heating,ventilation,airconditioning,powershouldbesubjecttosafetyrequirementsforsteelstructuresofotherprofessions,itisforbiddentoweldhangingloadandincreasedroofandcolumns.ConstructionpreparedandtheconstructionlayoutfirstsectionmaterialpreparedandtheprocessingproductionpreparedaccordingtoZhejiangmorePalacesteellimitedandWuhanintelligentelevatorlimitedbysignedofcontractfileandtheInstituteprovidesofsteeldesignblueprint,IcompanyandtheOrganizationTechnologyDepartment,productiondepartment,procurementDepartment,biddoEngineeringDepartment,relatedproductionsectorfordrawingstriage,andaccordingtoownersrequirementstimelydesignoutproductionandtheprocessingdetailandforhasrelatedprofessionalsectorofstrictlytriage,specificworkprocessfollowing:Biddobidnotice→TechnologyDepartment→addupdo→procurementdepartment→productiondepartment→qualityDepartment→EngineeringDepartmentTechnologyDepartmentproductionandtheprocessingdetailproposedHou,byaddupdocoordinationthesectorofsupportingwork,andbyfigurelinebyvarieties,andspecifications,andqualityforclassified,andnotificationProcurementDepartmentformaterialofmarketsurveyandprocurement,byqualityDepartmentaccordingtobypurchasedmaterialofspecificationsvarietiesforqualityreviewandtest,notqualifiedofmaterialvarietiesandspecificationsstronglybanfortheengineeringinthe,Afterpassinginspectioninformedtheworkshopofproductionoftimberaccordingtostrictproductiondetailsofproduction,workshoporganizedbytheGeneralManagerbeforetheproductiontechnologyandsecuritysectortechnicalsafetytraining,safetyeducationcompanytostrictlythree-leveldisclosure,trainingofqualifiedpersonnelisstrictlyprohibitedtopostproduction,productionpersonnelmustbelistedtowork,youmusthavethecorrespondingcertificate.Roadworkersmusthavethecertificate,andregularassessmentsshouldbecarriedout,notaskilledoperatorpostsisstrictlyprohibited.Productionofvariousitemsofequipment,appliancesandother,non-professionalisstrictlyprohibitedactionsandstrictregulations,strongrewards,beeliminated.Productionlinesetonperson,title,responsibilities,andperformanceandsafetycomprehensiveassessment.Materialprocurementprocessstrictlyhandlingthe原材料采购和试验控制：认真执行监理程序，所有用于本工程的材料及材料来源必须通过监理的批准，其质量和性能必须符合技术规范和其它标准。8.安全措施8.0.1施工前进行技术交底和安全生产教育，强化全员安全意识。建立安全保证体系，使安全管理制度化，安全教育经常化。所有机械设备的使用、操作，都应严格遵守其《安全操作规程》。严禁非操作人员操作旋挖钻机等设备，设备尤其是旋挖钻机使用前，应对操作人员进行培训，使其能熟知设备使用章程，明白设备使用注意事项，严禁违章操作。设备在投入使用前应全面检修，确保设备状态良好，满足使用要求，确保施工安全和质量。8.0.2旋挖钻机工作状态下的重心较高，场地内转移时注意防止倾覆事故发生。因此，除了施工准备时做好场地、便道平整外，要求操作人员严格按照钻机《安全操作规程》操作，场地内转移时地面应有辅助驾驶人员提前进行转移路径的检查，在地面进行正确引导、指挥。8.0.3钻机钻孔结束后、灌注混凝土前，对于孔口采取保温覆盖并作出明显的警示标志，防止人员、机具误坠孔内。8.0.4进行吊放钢筋笼、井架、导管等孔口作业时，注意防止坠落事故发生。除了经常对施工人员进行安全生产教育、提高其安全生产意识外，将孔口周围的作业场地清理规整，做到无闲散杂物，便于人员活动、作业。8.0.5钻孔桩施工过程中，大量使用吊车进行起吊作业，作业人员应按照《安全操作规程》作业，并做好人员的劳动保护、安全防护。8.0.6随时对施工机械用电进行安全教育，禁止随拉随接，电器的保险安装必须符合安全技术规范，发现问题及时处理。8.0.7进入施工现场必须戴安全帽。80.8禁止违章作业和酒后上岗。8.0.9夜间作业必须具有良好的照明。8.0.10遇大风（八级以上）时禁止进行钻孔作业。9.环境保护和节能措施9.0.1参照现行当地国家环境保护相关标准，制订切实可行的环境工作计划以及具有操作性的实施规程；9.0.2通过各种手段，进行环保教育，提高全体作业人员的环保意识。；-13- Followingpartsofordinaryboltconnection:wall-beams,purlins,knee.Designofdrainage,electrical,heating,ventilation,airconditioning,powershouldbesubjecttosafetyrequirementsforsteelstructuresofotherprofessions,itisforbiddentoweldhangingloadandincreasedroofandcolumns.ConstructionpreparedandtheconstructionlayoutfirstsectionmaterialpreparedandtheprocessingproductionpreparedaccordingtoZhejiangmorePalacesteellimitedandWuhanintelligentelevatorlimitedbysignedofcontractfileandtheInstituteprovidesofsteeldesignblueprint,IcompanyandtheOrganizationTechnologyDepartment,productiondepartment,procurementDepartment,biddoEngineeringDepartment,relatedproductionsectorfordrawingstriage,andaccordingtoownersrequirementstimelydesignoutproductionandtheprocessingdetailandforhasrelatedprofessionalsectorofstrictlytriage,specificworkprocessfollowing:Biddobidnotice→TechnologyDepartment→addupdo→procurementdepartment→productiondepartment→qualityDepartment→EngineeringDepartmentTechnologyDepartmentproductionandtheprocessingdetailproposedHou,byaddupdocoordinationthesectorofsupportingwork,andbyfigurelinebyvarieties,andspecifications,andqualityforclassified,andnotificationProcurementDepartmentformaterialofmarketsurveyandprocurement,byqualityDepartmentaccordingtobypurchasedmaterialofspecificationsvarietiesforqualityreviewandtest,notqualifiedofmaterialvarietiesandspecificationsstronglybanfortheengineeringinthe,Afterpassinginspectioninformedtheworkshopofproductionoftimberaccordingtostrictproductiondetailsofproduction,workshoporganizedbytheGeneralManagerbeforetheproductiontechnologyandsecuritysectortechnicalsafetytraining,safetyeducationcompanytostrictlythree-leveldisclosure,trainingofqualifiedpersonnelisstrictlyprohibitedtopostproduction,productionpersonnelmustbelistedtowork,youmusthavethecorrespondingcertificate.Roadworkersmusthavethecertificate,andregularassessmentsshouldbecarriedout,notaskilledoperatorpostsisstrictlyprohibited.Productionofvariousitemsofequipment,appliancesandother,non-professionalisstrictlyprohibitedactionsandstrictregulations,strongrewards,beeliminated.Productionlinesetonperson,title,responsibilities,andperformanceandsafetycomprehensiveassessment.Materialprocurementprocessstrictlyhandlingthe9.0.3在生活区的建设规模上，进行科学计划、安排，根据施工高峰与低潮的变化，合理设计容纳人员的数量，尽可能减少生活区的规模，减少对环境的占用；9.0.4加强施工现场用水、用电管理，做到无常流水、常明灯；施工现场固定机械设备要及时清洗养护，且必须搭棚防护，设备旁必须悬挂操作规程牌和设备标牌；9.0.5施工机械设备选用低噪，废气排放达标型，在运输过程中必须全封闭，防止污染场外环境；9.0.6施工场区内设垃圾站，及时集中、分拣、回收、利用、清运剩余料具、包装容器及其它施工垃圾。旋挖钻机施工中的排渣应按合同规定在监理工程师指定的方法处理。污水经沉淀后方可排出或回收用于洒水降尘；弃土堆放在指定位置。10.效益分析10.1经济效益（以古鲁木桥为例，用BG-25C型旋挖钻机全护筒和正、反循环钻机全护筒施工进行对比）古鲁木桥斜桩共有40棵，全长为1000延米，业主要求必须采用全护筒进行斜桩施工。因为当地国家条件较差，所有设备都需新购。斜桩一般采用正、反循环钻机进行施工，而此钻机进行施工，护筒无法拔出进行循环利用。正、反循环钻机国内价格一般为200万一台，双壁钢护筒一节（直径1.1米，长3米）为1万元（算上运费及关税），全部40棵桩共需护筒600节，共600万元。而且正、反循环钻机还需泥浆搅拌机配合，采用泥浆护壁进行钻孔施工，一套泥浆搅拌机也需20万，钻机和护筒及泥浆搅拌机等共820万元；而BG-25C型旋挖钻机一台需700万元，因为护筒可反复循环利用，只需17节（2节为预备用），共17万元。而且不需要泥浆搅拌设备，总共只需717万元。单设备材料一项就可节约103万元。而且BG-25C型旋挖钻机全护筒施工斜桩，成孔快，无需清孔，相比正、反循环钻进行斜桩施工，成孔较慢，灌注混凝土前还需进行清孔，一棵斜桩采用此工法和正、反循环钻机相比可节约半天的时间，40棵桩累计就可节约20天的时间。以一天投入10人计算，60元一个工日，就可节约12000元。10.2社会效益-13- Followingpartsofordinaryboltconnection:wall-beams,purlins,knee.Designofdrainage,electrical,heating,ventilation,airconditioning,powershouldbesubjecttosafetyrequirementsforsteelstructuresofotherprofessions,itisforbiddentoweldhangingloadandincreasedroofandcolumns.ConstructionpreparedandtheconstructionlayoutfirstsectionmaterialpreparedandtheprocessingproductionpreparedaccordingtoZhejiangmorePalacesteellimitedandWuhanintelligentelevatorlimitedbysignedofcontractfileandtheInstituteprovidesofsteeldesignblueprint,IcompanyandtheOrganizationTechnologyDepartment,productiondepartment,procurementDepartment,biddoEngineeringDepartment,relatedproductionsectorfordrawingstriage,andaccordingtoownersrequirementstimelydesignoutproductionandtheprocessingdetailandforhasrelatedprofessionalsectorofstrictlytriage,specificworkprocessfollowing:Biddobidnotice→TechnologyDepartment→addupdo→procurementdepartment→productiondepartment→qualityDepartment→EngineeringDepartmentTechnologyDepartmentproductionandtheprocessingdetailproposedHou,byaddupdocoordinationthesectorofsupportingwork,andbyfigurelinebyvarieties,andspecifications,andqualityforclassified,andnotificationProcurementDepartmentformaterialofmarketsurveyandprocurement,byqualityDepartmentaccordingtobypurchasedmaterialofspecificationsvarietiesforqualityreviewandtest,notqualifiedofmaterialvarietiesandspecificationsstronglybanfortheengineeringinthe,Afterpassinginspectioninformedtheworkshopofproductionoftimberaccordingtostrictproductiondetailsofproduction,workshoporganizedbytheGeneralManagerbeforetheproductiontechnologyandsecuritysectortechnicalsafetytraining,safetyeducationcompanytostrictlythree-leveldisclosure,trainingofqualifiedpersonnelisstrictlyprohibitedtopostproduction,productionpersonnelmustbelistedtowork,youmusthavethecorrespondingcertificate.Roadworkersmusthavethecertificate,andregularassessmentsshouldbecarriedout,notaskilledoperatorpostsisstrictlyprohibited.Productionofvariousitemsofequipment,appliancesandother,non-professionalisstrictlyprohibitedactionsandstrictregulations,strongrewards,beeliminated.Productionlinesetonperson,title,responsibilities,andperformanceandsafetycomprehensiveassessment.Materialprocurementprocessstrictlyhandlingthe在非洲市场施工中，投入世界先进的机械设备、采用全新的施工技术及工艺，确保了安全、质量、工期，得到了相关单位的肯定，提高了公司的影响力和竞争力。目前非洲本地的施工企业施工技术力量比较弱，而国外大型跨国企业暂时很少进入非洲市场。本施工方法在非洲都是较为先进的，在施工过程中，塞内加尔首都达喀尔大学还专门组织教师和学生到现场学习。斜桩施工完毕后，业主及相关政府人员都对施工质量给予了肯定，极大了提高了公司的影响力。采用旋挖钻机全护筒进行钻孔桩施工，不需要建立泥浆护壁所需的泥浆池，同时也无护壁泥浆排放，因此对环境的污染小，将工程施工给非洲自然生态环境带来的不良影响降至最低，具有较好的社会效益。11.工程实例塞内加尔古鲁木（GOULOUMBOU）位于西非塞内加尔丹巴地区古鲁木镇内，该桥横跨塞内加尔丹巴地区和科尔达地区之间的冈比亚河，该桥是连接塞内加尔首都与科尔达地区的重要通道，也是一条国际通道，距Tamba35km，距首都达喀尔500km。桥址位于既有桥上游约15米处，河面宽约150m，旱季水深约5m。古鲁木大桥为钢结构桥梁，桥梁全长160m，共5跨，跨度为32.37m+3×32.54m+32.35m，双向2车道，桥上路面宽7.35m。下部结构为钻孔桩基础，桩径1m，长度为25m，总共60棵，其中倾斜度为7°的钻孔桩40棵，竖直钻孔桩20棵。该桥梁的钻孔桩基础所处的地质条件为粉砂层、较软的淤泥夹砂层，斜桩施工非常容易塌孔，适合使用旋挖钻机全护筒施工。项目于2007年5月12日，开始采用BG-25C型全液压旋挖钻机进行第一棵斜钻孔桩的钻孔施工，截止2007年9月底，完成所有钻孔桩的施工，并完成了所有桩基的无损检测工作，桩检结果：合格率100%，因此对于该工法实际施工效果良好。-13-'