engineering budget thesis（工程预算毕业论文）

'Engineeringbudgetthesis（工程预算毕业论文）Fromthenewconceptoftheintroductionofengineeringcooperationtopromotetheconceptofupdatingtheactualworkprojectcostcontrolanalysisandanalysisofreformingandimprovingtheprojectcostvaluationbasisandvaluationmethodsandfurtherclarifythedevelopmentofprojectcostconsultingservicesprojectcostcontrolisnotonlytopreventinvestmentbreakthroughlimitismoreactivetopromotetheconstruction,engineeringanddesignunitstostrengthenthemanagementofmanpower,materialandfinancialresourcesandlimitedresourcesarefullyutilizedtoobtainthebesteconomicbenefitandsocialbenefitistheinevitableproductofthedevelopmentofmarketeconomyistheneedofthedevelopmentofthemarketeconomy.Costmanagementinformation,putforwardanewideaofrealizingthetimesinourcountry"sengineeringconstructionstageengineeringcostmanagementworkoftenbetweentheownerandtheContractorasoppositeinterestsofthemaincontradictionintherelevanteconomicactivitieshighlightalthoughthereareavarietyofrelatedaccountingregulations,normsandmanagementmeasuresbuttheinterpretationandunderstandingoffiletotoreachaconsensusoncooperationrelationstotheengineeringsettlementmanagementhasbroughtmanydifficultiesofengineeringcostcontrolkey.Atpresent,anewpartnership,namelypartnership,hasbeenexploredinternationally".EspeciallyinBritain,Hongkongandotherplaces,thisconceptisbeingcarriedoutinthecostmanagementofEngineeringprojects.Inthemanagementofprojectcost,thetwopartieswhoconcludethecontractagreeeachotheronbehalfofeachothertofindthecommongoal,findthesolutiontothedisputeandsharethecommonincome.Inlong-termengineeringpractice, peopledevelopfrompurecontractrelationshiptotheconceptofwin-winconcept.Theso-calledwin-win,thatis,thecooperationofthetwopartiesorparties,throughjointcooperationtoachievetheirgoals,inasense,arewinners.Intheconstructioncostmanagement,awin-winconceptisadopted,thatis,theinvestorachievestheexpectedrevenueandthecontractorobtainsreasonableexpectedprofits.Forexample,althoughthecontractontheowner"sengineerhasnoobligationtoprovidehelpbutfromtheoverallconstructioncontractortohelpownersofthecontractoristohelpthemselvessothatnotonlycanfromorlesslossinordertoavoidorreducetheclaimandthecontractorforsomespeciousopportunitiescanalsobebasedon,readytoaccepteithercoursefriendlyconsiderationandgiveup.Toachieveawin-winsituation,investorsandcontractorshaveputforwardhigherrequirements.Toachieveawin-winsituation,investorsandcontractorsarenotmerelybuyersandsellers,butinasensetheyalsohaveacommonprofitmakingrelationship.Therefore,economicactivitiesrequiringbilateralcooperationhavehightransparency.Inaddition,inaccordancewithinternationalpracticeandsuccessfulexperienceintheconstructionofengineeringprojects,commissionedbytheprofessionalintermediaryadvisorybodiescanguaranteetheimplementationofawin-winmodel.Two,theprojectcostcontrolandanalysisofprojectcostmanagementisbasedontheprojectcharacteristicsintheprocessofconstructionprojectcostforecasting,planning,evaluation,controlandanalysisofaseriesofpricemanagementactivities.Thecostcontrolofengineeringprojectisanimportantpartofthewholeconstructionprocess.Itisrelatedtowhethertheconstructionprojectisprofitableornot.Thelowerthecostoftheproject, thehigherthecostandthehighertheprofit.Theproposedcostcontrolmethodsareasfollows:1.Thecostcontrolofprojectisacontractandaccountingsystembasedonprojectmanagement,hierarchicalmanagementandhierarchicalaccounting.Thecostoftheprojectismainlycomposedoflaborcost,materialcost,mechanicalcostandothercostswillbe"fourfees"toimplementthemanagement,labor,materials,machineryandvariousdepartmentsresponsibilityassessmentandincentivemechanismandtheestablishmentofquality,safety,scheduleindicators.2,doagoodjobofcostaccounting.Beforetheprojectstarts,makethecostbudgetaccordingtotheconstructiondrawing,analyzethecontentsoftheartificial,materialandmachinery,andmakeagoodcomparisonwiththebidbudget,anddrawupthecosttargetofthetalentmachine.Iftheimplementationoflaborcontractordoesnotincludematerialsubcontractingform,laborcostscanbewrappedonce,nolongeradjustthisexpenditure,thatisfixedvalue.3afterthecompletionoftheprojectcostaccounting.Tocompletethesettlementofthefinalsettlement,adjusttheadjustablespread,carryoutcostanalysisonthebasisofthetotalcostofcompletion,doagoodjobofcostanalysisofthecompleteddata,andprovideareferenceforsimilarprojectsinthefuture.Three,thereformandimprovementoftheprojectcostvaluationbasisandvaluationmethods,valuationbasisandpricingmethodsofreformandimprovementisthekeytothereformofconstructioncostmanagement.Tocontinuetoimproveandreformthecurrentconstructioncostvaluationbasisandvaluationmethods.Thebasisofvaluationandthereformandperfectionofvaluationmethodsshouldbeunified,quantity,priceandinstructionfee.Thereal market-orientedpricemechanismisthelawofvaluethroughthelawofvalue.Theinvisiblemanipulatorisintheprocessofregulatingthesupplyanddemandoftheconstructionmarket.Iftheprojectpriceisreallyrealized,itispossibletoadjustthesupplyanddemandoftheconstructionmarketspontaneously,anditispossibletomaintainthemarketequilibriumthroughthegrowthandbankruptcyoftheenterprise.China"seconomicsystemreformisbasedonthemarkettodeterminetheprojectcostcannotbeseparatedfromtheoutsideoftheeconomicsystemreformsotheconstructionprojectcostmanagementmusttakethemarketastheorientationoftheobjectivelawofthemarketeconomyfinallyestablishedtheformationmechanismofengineeringpricetothemarket.Four,theestablishmentofinformationconsultingservicesystemofengineeringcostofconstructionprojectcostduetothecomplexityofitsvaluationandbuildingproductsspecialbuildingpricetendtogothroughtheestimatedbudget,budgetandfinalaccountsofseveralcalculationstodeterminethefinalclass.Therefore,thepriceofconstructionproductsisdifficulttocontrol.Atpresent,thepricesofmeansofproductionaregreatlyliberalizedinChina,andthepaceoftransformationtothemarketpricesystemisspeedingup,andthecostofconstructionismoredifficulttocontrol.Therefore,eachdepartmentofengineeringconstructioniscallingforinformationconsultationservice.Inthegovernmentundertheconditionofmarketeconomythroughthedevelopmentofpoliciesandregulationstomacroguidanceandmanagementofthemarket,themarketshouldberegulatedandengagedineconomicactivitiesrelatedtobusinessseparatefromthegovernmentdepartmentstobebornebythesocialservicesagencies,association.Accordingtotheconceptof "socialcost"intheformofprojectcostconsultingindustryplaysaguidingroleofitcanbecomeasensitiveandefficiententerprisedecisionfeedbackinformationandcanprovidesomeserviceforbusinesscanalsobecomeacommunicationbridgebetweenthegovernmentandenterprises,themarketofthethreeitcanbringmarkettherelationshipbetweensupplyanddemand,priceinformationfeedbacktothegovernmenttoprovidethebasisforthegovernmentmacro-controlpolicy.Intoday"sinformationage,marketpricesarechangingrapidlyandpricesaremoreandmoreaccurate.Theenterprise"sinitiativeismoreandmorebig,thebenefitisbetter.Therefore,itcanbesaidthatthedevelopmentofengineeringcostinformationconsultingserviceisthedemandofthedevelopmentofmarketeconomyandtheinevitableoutcomeofthedevelopmentofmarketeconomy.Five,thenewperiodofprojectcostcontroltheimportantsignificanceoftheconstructionprojectcostcontrolthroughoutthewholeprocessoftheprojectistheprojectdecision-makingstage,theprojectdesignstage,projectimplementationstageandcompletionstageoftheconstructionprojectcostcontrol.Statisticsshowthatinthedecision-makingstageanddesignstage,thepossibilityofconstructionprojectcostis30-75,andintheimplementationstage,thepossibilityofconstructionprojectcostisonly5-25.Obviously,thekeytocontrolthecostoftheprojectliesintheprojectdecision-makinganddesignstagebeforetheimplementationoftheproject,theprojectdecision-makingisthedecisivefactor,andthedesignisthekeyfactor.Projectcostcontrolisnotonlytopreventinvestmentbreakthroughlimitismoreactivetopromotetheconstruction,engineeringanddesignunitstostrengthenthemanagementofthemanpower,materialandfinancialresourcesandlimitedresourceshave madethebesteconomicandsocialbenefitstomakefulluseof.Therefore,itisofgreatsignificancetodoagoodjobinthecontrolofprojectcosttoensureandacceleratetheeconomicdevelopment.Six,theconstructionprojectcostcontrolmeasuresofconstructionprojectcostcontroliseffectiveintheinvestmentdecisionstage,designstage,projectbiddingstage,implementationofcontractoftheconstructionprojectcostcontrolintheamountapprovedprojectcostlimitatanytimeandcorrectthedeviationoftherealizationofthegoaltoensureinvestmentinvariousconstructionprojectscanbetherationaluseofmanpower,materialandfinancialresourcestoachievegoodinvestmentreturnsandfinallyrealizethatthecompletionofthecontrolintheapprovedbudgetforavoidingthe"superthree"phenomenoninordertoeffectivelycontroltheengineeringcostshoulddothefollowingworkofdecision-makingphaseoftheprojectcostcontrolprojectcostdeterminationandcontrolofconstructionprojectsthroughouttheentireprocessbutthedecisionstageoftechnicalandeconomicdecision-makingontheprojectconstructioncostverymuchaffectedespeciallytheconstructionThedeterminationofthestandardlevel,theselectionofconstructionsite,theselectionoftheprocessandtheselectionofequipmentaredirectlyrelatedtothecostoftheproject.Accordingtostatistics,inthemajorstagesoftheprojectconstruction,theinvestmentdecision-makingstageaffectstheconstructioncosttothehighestlevel,thatis,80-90.Therefore,thecontentofdecision-makinginthedecision-makingstageisthebasisofdeterminingthecostoftheproject.Itdirectlyaffectsthescientificandreasonableissuesofthe determinationandcontroloftheconstructioncostateachstageoftheconstructionafterthedecision-makingstage.1,thenecessityofmakinginvestmentestimationisoneoftheimportantstepsintheprophaseworkofcapitalconstruction.Decisionmakingdocument,itisanimportantbasisforthestudyandanalysisofeconomiceffectsofconstructionprojects.Aftertheapprovalofthereliabilityresearchreport,theestimatedinvestmentlimitasadesigntaskwillcontrolthepreliminarydesignbudgetandbeusedasabasisforraisingthebonusandlendingtothebank.Therefore,intheeconomicwork,weshouldreflectthedesigncontentrealisticallyandreflecttheeconomicsituationoftheconstructionarea.Fromtheestimation,weshouldcorrectlyandcompletelyreflecttheconstructioninvestmentoftheproject.2,theinvestmentestimatemustbetherealreflectionofthedesign,intheinvestmentestimate,shouldreflectthedesigncontentrealistically,thisrequeststhedesignertoreflectthedesignintentiontrulyfromtheprojectsizeandtheprojectcontent.Themainprocessshouldbecomparedwithmanyplans,andtheoptimizeddesignschemeisnotonlyfeasibleintechnology,butalsomorereasonableineconomy.Sotheprojecteconomyfromoptimizingconstructionschemebegantobeinfiltratedintothedesignofthewholeprocessinaccordancewiththeprinciplesofprojectcostmanagementisreasonabletopredictchangesofvariousdynamicfactorsintheinvestmentestimateasmuchaspossibletoplayenoughtostayinvestmentgapwhichisanimportantbasisforinvestmentestimatepreparationworkisthekeytothenextstage.Controlprojectcosttwodesignstagedesignisaconstructionprojectofcomprehensiveplanningandimplementationofspecificdescriptionoftheintentionisthesoulofengineeringconstructionisakeylinkbetween technologyandeconomyistodetermineandcontrolthekeystagesofprojectcost.1,optimizationdesignprojectcosteffectivecontroldesignqualityandtrytoinfluencetheeconomicbenefitsoftheprojectishowtheprovisionsofthestateandfunctionsmeettherequirementsrelatedtoconstructionprojectsonlyaone-timeinvestmenttomeettheapplicationrequirementsisnotonlyrelatedtotheconstructionprojectinvestmentintheconstructionanddeliveryafteruse.Foreignexpertspointedoutthatalthoughthedesigncostofthetotalinvestmentproportionoftheprojectisverysmall,lessthan1,butitsimpactonthecostofconstructionreached75.Obviously,thecostcontrolinthestageofengineeringdesignisthekeytoeffectivelycontrolthecostoftheproject.Theconceptofheavyconstructionandlightdesignmustbeovercome,andthecostofcontrollingtheprojectshouldbetakenup.Therefore,theconstructionunitsinthedesignreviewanddesignunitsshouldpayattentiontooptimizethedesignoftheuseofvariousindicatorsofspaceplanedesignforplantgenerallayoutdesign,industrialbuildingdesignandanalysisofthecomparisonofthetwonotonlyhaveasignificantimpactontheprojectcostandhaveagreatimpactontheconstructionandoperationofproductionandbusiness.Intheselectionofprocesstechnologyprogram,weshouldproceedfromtheactualsituationofourcountry,improvetheinvestmentefficiencyasthepremise,activelyandsteadilyadoptadvancedtechnologyprogramandmaturenewtechnology,newtechnology.Generaltechnicalschemeofadvancedproductivityishighandtheproductqualityisgoodbutthelargeinvestmentsrequiredtocarryouteconomicanalysisaccordingtotheconditionsof ourcountryandtheeconomicstrengthofenterprisestodeterminetheapplicationofadvanced,economicalandfeasibletechnologyscheme.40-50inindustrialconstructionprojectsinequipmentinvestmentaccountedforaboutconstructioninvestmentshouldbeusedinstandardization,generalizationandserializationofproductionequipmentasfaraspossiblebasedondomesticattentionandshouldadapttotheprocessandrelevantequipmentandsupportingnotrepeatedintroductionoftheneedforimportedequipmentinequipmentdesignandmodelingprocess.2,limitthedesignoftheproject,controlthecostoftheproject,adoptthequotadesigninthedesignprocess.Theso-calledquotadesignisinaccordancewiththeapprovedfeasibilitystudyreportofinvestmentcontrolofthepreliminarydesignaccordingtothepreliminarydesignapprovedtotalbudgetcontroltechnologydesignandconstructiondrawingdesignandprofessionalinthepremiseofguaranteetousefunctionaccordingtotheinvestmentquotacontroldesignandstrictlycontrolunreasonablechangestoensurethatthetotalamountofinvestmentisnotabreakthroughassignment.Thedecompositionofinvestmentandtheprojectistheimplementationofeffectivewaysandmainmethodofquotadesignwhichisonthestageofdesignvalidationofinvestmentandprojectquantitydecompositiontothevariousprofessionalandthendecomposedtoeachunitandeachdivisionengineeringthroughthelayersofdecompositionofcontrolandmanagementofinvestmentquotasalsorealizedthecontrolofallaspectsofthedesignspecification,designstandard,engineeringquantity,andbudgetindexetc..Inthepreliminarydesignstage,thequotadesignshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewiththeinvestmentestimateoftheapprovedfeasibilitystudyphase,andthebudgetaryestimateshallnotexceedtheinvestment estimate,mainlyfortheengineering,equipmentandmaterialcontrol.Thepreliminarydesignphaseofthedesignprocesslimitstheamountshouldbebasedontheapprovedfeasibilitystudystageofthedesignengineeringandequipment,materialstandardasthebasisofsomeengineeringfeasibilitystudystageisdifficulttodeterminethereferencedesignandgeneraldesignofphysicalengineeringorsimilarprojectshavebeenbuilttodeterminetheamountof.Inthepreliminarydesignlimitinthedesignoftheprofessionalstafftoenhanceawarenessoftheprojectcostandcontrolofinvestmentprojectsinstrictaccordancewiththedecompositionofthelimitdesignandensuretheusefunctionundertheconditionofthedesignsoughttoprojectcostcontrolandprojectinthelimit.Toencourageandpromotetheconstructioncostandquantityoftheprojectwithinthelimit.Toencourageandpromotethedesignpersonneltodothedesignchoicetointroducethecompetitionmechanismintothedesignofdesignbiddingpromotedesignersstrengthenthesenseofcompetitionandincreasethesenseofcrisisandsenseofurgencytoovercomeandeliminatetheselectedthantheonesidednessandlimitationsofempiricism.Three,theimplementationphaseoftheprojectcostcontrol,theimplementationphaseoftheprojectistheformationstageofthebuildingentity,isthemainstageofhuman,materialandfinancialconsumption.Largequantitiesofengineering,involvingawiderangeoffactorsaffectingtheconstructioncycle,policychanges,materials,equipmentprices,marketsupplyanddemandfluctuations,andsoon..Toimprovethequalityoftheconstructionprojectcostcontrolinvestmentbenefittostrengthentheimplementationphaseofprojectmanagementandoversightfunctionssoastostrengthenthe constructionoftheprojectofthewholeprocessandfullcostcontrolinengineering.Becauseofthecomplexityoftheconstructionprojectandthevariabilityoftheinfluencingfactors,someunexpectedcostsareoftenencounteredintheimplementationphaseoftheproject.1,effectivecontrolofengineeringchangeandon-siteeconomicvisa,inengineeringconstructionprojects,engineeringchangeandon-sitevisaisinevitable,buttohaveproductioncontrol.Inordertopreventloopholesinthedesignofconstructionwiththeexceptionoftheauditchecksshouldbeeliminatedinthetechnicalconsultationpartydrawings,DesignInstituteinshortshouldbeeliminatedbeforethestart.Designchangesshouldbemadeasearlyaspossible,theearlierthedamage,thesmallertheloss,thegreaterthereverse.Sowemuststrengthenthemanagementofdesignchangethedesignchangecontrolearlyinthedesignphaseoftheprojectcostformajordesignchangestouseafterthefirstgetchangesolutiontotheeffectivecontroloftheprojectcostasmuchaspossible.2,strictlyaudittheconstructiondrawingbudget,accordingtotheconstructionplandesignscheduleandtheactualprogressofsiteconstruction,timelyapprovedconstructiondrawingbudget.Fortheconstructiondrawingsofthebudgetbeyondthecorrespondingbudget,thedesignpartshouldbeanalyzedindetail,findoutthecause,andtimelyadjustandrevisethecontroltargetwiththeprojectleader,andcontroltheconstructioncostdynamically.3,preferredtodeterminetheprofessionalsubunitstopreventanyshillsomemonopolyindustriesintheconstructionofsomespecialtypesofprofessionalconstructionunithadcommissionedaprofessional commitmentsuchastheinstallationofvariablepayelectricity,communicationengineering,greenengineeringwhichoftencontainscertainmonopoly.Foreachconstructionproject,thepowerdistributionsystemmustbechargedbythethreegenerationownedbythepowersupplydepartment,fromtheequipmentprocurementtotheinstallationofhighlygeneralcontracting.Andthepriceisfixed.Intheseprojectsthefirstpowersupplydepartmentsshouldrespectthe"rules"bytheirgeneralcontractingpowerdistributionsystemontheotherhandallowanothersuppliertoparticipateinthecompetitionfinallyobtainedgoodeffectofequipmentpurchasepricebureauofelectricitythanlendingoriginallydesignatedmanufacturerspricedropofaround20.4,in-depthon-sitecollectionandgrasprelevantinformationintheconstructionengineeringconstructionprocessauditpersonnelandcostcontrolpersonneloftenthoroughconstructionsiteconstructiondrawingsforcontrolandsupervision,sometimesthegeneralcontractorandconstructionpersonnelinterview,collectionofrelevantinformationandcontrolengineeringfieldconstructiontoassistownersinatimelyadjustthecontrolobjectivesandauditfeesisprovidedthebasisandmakethenecessarypreparationsforthefinalprojectsummaryfordesignchange,suchason-sitevisa.Seven,tosumuphowtospeedupthepaceofreformChineseprojectcostmanagementassoonaspossibletoshortentheproblemswiththeinternationalgapanalysistoexplorethescientificmanagementmodeisplacedinfrontofthepracticalproblemsofengineeringcostmanagementofconstructionprojectinChinatopromotethepricemanagementprocessandscientific,toreformthemanagementsystemofconstructionmarketourcostasadeepeningofeverypractitionerengagedinconstruction projectcostmanagementshouldmakeunremittingeffortsandcontributions.Ofcourseintheconstructionprocessshouldgivefullconsiderationtothesituationofourcountryandnotbyseekingstudentseagertomoverigidly.Todeterminethecostofconstructionandinvestmentcontrolistheessenceoftheuseofscienceandtechnologyprincipleandeconomicandlegalmeanstosolvepracticalproblemsintheconstructionactivitiesofthetechnicalandeconomicoperationandmanagementofscientificvaluationmethodsandpracticalpricingbasedonreasonableinvestmentestimation,preliminarydesignandconstructiondrawingbudgetestimatesinordertoimproveinvestmentefficiencyonlybyateachstageofprojectconstruction.ChinahasjoinedtheWTO,isgraduallytryingtoimplementtheinternationalcommonpractice,someplacesbegantoprojectquantitylistquotationpilotwork,weentertheinternationalmarketwillnotbeatalosswhattodo.Weshouldspeedupthelegislationofengineeringprojectcostmanagementintothelegalstandardizationtoavoidthe"WTO"aftertheimpactofthisrequiresustofurtherstudyanddeepunderstandingofWTOspecificrulesandprovisionsseriouslystudythemainrivalsituationWTOmemberstodevelopinternationalconsciousnessinordertoadapttothenewtriggerafterenteringWTOthesituation,newchanges,newproblemsandnewrequirements.Reference1ChenXin.OnthearchitecturalengineeringprojectcostdynamiccontrolandmanagementofforeignJ.building200404.2ZhangYingfanShakespeare.WangYanChineseconstructionexperienceofJ.200508.3informationengineeringcostconsultingagenciestofullyparticipateinthemanagementofinvestmentprojects.ThewholeprocessofJ.residentialscienceandtechnology200312.4LiHongweiWuQiongcontrolofprojectcost.Thewholeprocess controlofconstructioncostofenterprisesthesignificanceofJ.scienceandtechnologyinformationscientificresearch200716.5LiYun.ThewholeprocessofprojectcostproblemsJ.Fujianbuilding200101.6squareChisingcontroloftherealestateprojectconstructioninvestmentcontrolandmanagementofEngineeringJ.Anhuibuilding200502.'