【7A文】铁路隧道工程施工承包合同(中英文).doc

7A版优质实用文档铁路隧道工程施工承包合同CONTRACTOFRAILWAYTUNNELENGINEERINGCONSTRUCTION（翻译：张云军）签署日期：DateofSignature甲方：中铁集团（以下简称甲方）PartyA:ChinaRailwayGroup.(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA)乙方：隧道工程公司（以下简称乙方）PartyB:TunnelEngineeringCompany(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyB)条款目录CONTENTS一、组成合同的文件：DocumentsConstitutedContract二、工程概况GeneralReviewofProject三、工期WorkTerm四、工程数量的核实和确认CheckandConfirmationofWorkQuantity五、承包工程造价ProjectCost六、工程质量标准与验收ProjectQualityStandardsandAcceptance七、隐蔽工程检查和签证InspectionandConfirmationofHiddenWorks八、材料的供应SupplyofMaterial九、工程变更Alteration十、双方责任与权利ResponsibilitiesandRightsofParties十一、安全施工SafeConstruction十二、进度计划ProgressSchedule十三、承包工程价款支付和结算SettlementandPayment十四、履约担保PerformanceBond(PB履约金2-5%)十五、保修MaintenanceandRepair十六、违约责任Liabilities十七、其它约定Miscellaneous鉴于：甲方系铁路建设工程总承包商，因铁路建设需要并经过业主同意，通过招标将一号隧道工程承包给具有隧道建设资质和能力的专业公司施工；鉴于：乙方系专业从事隧道工程建设的施工公司，具有相应的工程资质和能力，中标承包本合同工程；据此，甲方将一号隧道的洞身钻爆开挖、洞门修建、防排水设施、锚网喷支护、衬砌、洞内沟槽及洞室和相应的隧道施工附属项目承包给乙方施工，经双方协商一致，订立本合同，共同遵守。257A版优质实用文档 7A版优质实用文档WHEREAS:PartyAbeinggeneralcontractorofrailwayengineeringwill,fornecessityofrailwayconstructionandgainemployer’sconsent,contractthroughbiddingNo.Onetunnelprojecttotheprofessionalcompanywithqualificationandcapabilityoftunnelconstructionforexecution;WHEREAS:PartyBbeingtheprofessionalcompanyoftunnelconstructionwithcorrespondingengineeringqualificationandcapacityhaswonbiddingandbeenawardedtheprojecthereof.NOWTHEREFORE,Party,inaccordancewiththenecessityofconstruction,consigntheworksofTunnelNo.1topartyBforexecution,includingblastingexcavation,tunnelportalconstruction,drainagefacilities,boltingandshotcretelining,lining,channelandditchwithintunnelinadditiontocorrespondingprojectsaffiliatedtotunnelengineering,forwhichpartiesbymutualagreementconcludeandenterintothiscontract,partiesherebyagreeasfollows:一、组成合同的文件：DocumentsConstitutedContract组成本合同的文件包括：includingthefollowing:1、本合同协议书Agreementhereof2、本合同条款Termsandconditionshereof3、本工程适用的标准、规范及有关技术文件Standards,normsandconcernedtechnicaldocumentsapplicabletothisengineering.4、甲方技术交底图纸DrawingsdeliveredbypartyA,withexplanationoftechnology.5、附件1《承包人承包工程项目一览表——工程量清单》，以及双方有关工程的洽商、变更等书面协议或文件视为本合同的组成部分。AppendixOne:TheList,BillofQuantityofEngineeringcontractedbycontractorinadditiontotheagreementsorfilesinwritingrelativetonegotiation,alterationofengineeringbypartiesheretowillbedeemedasintegralpartshereof.二、工程概况GeneralReviewofProject㈠、工程名称：一号隧道。ProjectName:TunnelNo.One㈡、工程地点：DK094+506至DK095+658；ProjectPlace:㈢、工程规模：隧道总长1152m。ProjectScale:TotalTunnelLength:1152Meters㈣、承包范围和内容包含：ContractedScopeandContentsincludingasfollows:257A版优质实用文档 7A版优质实用文档1、洞身开挖（围岩级别分类情况见工程量清单）。具体内容包括：临时设施建设、脚手架，测量，人工挖除整修，钻眼、爆破、通风、出碴、运料、照明，管线及排水，木支撑制作、安装、拆卸，整修边沟，超挖回填等为完成隧道开挖所需的一切工序施工、完成和缺陷修复工作（弃碴运距从出碴洞口算起1公里、弃碴场用地由甲方负责）。TunnelExecution:ThegradeofsurroundingrockrefertoListofQuantity,particularsthereofincludeasfollows:temporaryfacilities,scaffolding,measurement,artificialdiggingrenovation,drilling,blasting,ventilation,ballastleaving,transportmaterial,lighting,pipelineanddrainage,theproduction,installation,disassemblyofwoodensupport,repairsideditchinadditiontobackfillforoverexcavationandotherworkswhicharenecessityforexecution,complementanddefectrepairsoftunnelproject.2、支护SupportA、砂浆锚杆、中空注浆锚杆。Mortaranchor,hollowgroutinganchor.B、超前小导管--钢管加工制作、运输、脚手架、钻孔、顶管等全部制安过程；Advancedsmallpipe-pipemanufacture,transport,scaffolding,drilling,pipe,jackingandallotherprocessofmanufactureandinstallation.3、衬砌，包括正洞衬砌、仰拱及其钢筋、仰拱填充、铺底、大小避车洞衬砌。Lining,includingtunnel,invertedarchandreinforcement,theinvertedarchfilling,beddinginadditiontoliningofrefugeholesofvarioussizes.三、工期WorkTerm开工日期：，竣工日期为：。Commencementdateis,completiondateis.四、工程数量的核实和确认CheckandConfirmationofWorkQuantity1、乙方向甲方施工技术人员提交已完工程量计算单或签证，以便甲方对乙方进行验工计价。PartyBwillsubmitpartyA’stechnicalpersonnelwithListofCompletedQuantityorCertificateofQuantityforpartyA’sacceptanceandcalculationofpartyB’sworks.2、工程量验收方法：MeansofQuantityAcceptance隧道开挖数量以隧道设计开挖断面计算；衬砌数量按照图纸设计厚度及尺寸计算；排水沟、电缆槽按照设计图纸尺寸及附表清单单价计量；隧道砂浆锚杆、超前锚杆支护数量按乙方依照甲方技术交底施工的实际数量计算。Tunnelexcavationquantityiscalculatedpursuanttoexcavatedsectionin257A版优质实用文档 7A版优质实用文档tunneldesign;liningquantityiscalculatedpursuanttothethicknessandsizeofdrawing’sdesign;quantityofdrainageditchandcabletrougharecalculatedunderthedesignsizeindrawingsandunitpriceinappendixlist;quantityoftunnelmortaranchorandaheadoftheboltsupport,subjecttoPartyB’actualworkednumberarecalculatedinaccordancewithpartyA’stechnicalexplanation.3、乙方应按照甲方技术人员的技术交底进行施工。工程量以乙方按照甲方技术交底完成的实际施工数量为依据。乙方完成的结算工程量须由甲方施工技术、质量检验工程师审核签证，且须经项目总工审批后才能作为验工计价的依据。PartyBshould,pursuanttothetechnicaldirectionbypartyA’stechnicalpersonnel,carryoutexecution.ThequantityisthesamewhichareactualcompletionbypartyBinaccordancewithpartyA’stechnicaldirection.ThesettlementofquantityofpartyB’scompletionshould,priortobeingdeemedasthebasisoftheacceptanceandcostcalculation,bedeterminedbythecheckandconfirmationofpartyA’sengineersoftechnicianandqualityinadditiontotheexam/approvalofproject’sgeneralengineer.五、承包工程造价ProjectCost各分项工程承包单价为：见附件一《工程量清单》，结算工程数量根据实际完成的合格工程量计量。乙方根据甲方提供的施工图纸，以下述的承包单价即《附件1：承包人承包工程项目一览表—工程量清单》，完成隧道工程所有项目内容施工、竣工和缺陷修复工作。Unitpriceofsub-projectrefertoAppendixOneBILLOFQUANTITYonwhichthesettlementquantitywillbecalculatedonthequalifiedquantitycompletedactuallybypartyB.PartyBwill,inaccordancewithpartyA’sexecutiondrawingsandsubjecttotheunitprice,viz.Project’sListandQuantityList,makecompletionofanyandallitemsoftunnelconstructionincludingexecution,completionanddefect’srepair.六、工程质量标准与验收ProjectQualityStandardsandAcceptance1、乙方必须严格按照甲方技术交底、现行铁路验收标准和铁路施工规范组织施工。乙方所承包的工程，必须达到国家或本行业现行的工程质量验收标准。PartyBshould,instrictconformitywithpartyA’stechnicaldirectionandexistingrailwayacceptancestandard/norm,carryoutexecutionhereof.TheprojectcontractedbypartyBshouldsatisfytotheacceptancestandardwhicharestipulatedbystateorindustry.257A版优质实用文档 7A版优质实用文档2、凡因乙方原因造成的施工质量不合格的工程，乙方应在规定的时间内无偿进行返工，如果返工后仍达不到验收标准的，甲方有权委派其它单位或个人进行整修，费用由乙方承担。Providedthatanydefect/unqualifiedworkinprojectexecutionduetopartyB,reworkshouldbecarriedoutbypartyBinfree,wherethereworkisstillnotsatisfyacceptancestandard,partyAisentitletodispatchothercontractororindividualtoconductrepairforwhichthecostwillbeonpartyB’saccount.七、隐蔽工程检查和签证InspectionandConfirmationofHiddenWorks1、甲方质检人员在对隐蔽工程检查前，乙方应进行严格的自行检查。RespecttohiddenworkpartyBshouldconductself-strictexambeforetheinspectionbypartyA’squalityinspector.2、乙方每进行一道工序施工前，必须及时通知甲方，对上道工序完成工程量的确认。PartyBshould,priortoconductnextworkprocedure,givenoticetimelytopartyAforconfirmationofthecompletionquantityinaheadprocedure.八、材料的供应SupplyofMaterial甲方提供给乙方材料单价：主要材料按市场价格执行，其他非甲方供应材料由乙方自行采购，质量满足相应标准。ThepriceofmaterialswhicharesuppliedbypartyAtopartyB:mainmaterialswillbesubjecttomarkedprice,othernon-partyA’sprovisionofmaterials,thequalitythereofshouldbesatisfactionwithcorrespondingstandards,willbepurchasedbypartyBitself.九、工程变更Alteration1、建设单位和甲方对原工程设计进行的变更，乙方必须服从。Anyalterationtooriginaldesignbyemployerand/orpartyAshouldbeconformedwithbypartyB.2、因变更延误的工期经甲方批准后相应顺延。Thedelayedtermduetoalterationmay,besubjecttopartyA’sapproval,beallowedcorrespondingextension.3、由于变更引起工程量的增减，按照附件1的单价执行，但是涉及工程项目增加的，双方另行协商确定单价。Addition/deductionofengineeringduetoalterationwillbeexecutedpursuanttothestipulationsofappendixOne,providedthatrespectwithadditionof257A版优质实用文档 7A版优质实用文档projectitem,thepricethereofwillbeotherwisegreedbyparties.十、双方责任与权利ResponsibilitiesandRightsofParties1、甲方责任与权利ResponsibilitiesandRightsofPartyA(1)负责解决施工场地的征用，工程用电主线提供至施工现场。Responsibleforrequisitionofconstructionsiteandprovisionofpowerlineforprojecttosite.(2)甲方负责对工程进行技术交底，负责隧道主体的线形控制。Responsiblefortechnicalexplanationandlinearcontroloftunnelmainconstructure.（3)负责技术监督、检查工作，甲方技术人员有权对乙方不合格工程责令返工，对乙方提供的施工原始资料进行审核。Responsiblefortechnicalsupervisionandinspection,partyA’stechnicianisentitletogiveorderofreworkforpartyB’sanyunqualifiedprojectinadditiontooriginaldataonprojectwhichareprovidedbypartyB.2、乙方责任与权利LiabilitiesandRightsofPartyB(1)完成本合同承包范围项目工程及附属的施工、竣工和缺陷修复工作。Tocompletetheprojectworksincontractingscopehereofandtheexecution,completionanddefectrepairofauxiliaryworks.(2)严格按照施工图纸、《铁路隧道施工规范》及铁路工程有关的其他技术规范和甲方技术交底进行施工，确保工程质量。Tocarryoutconstructionandensureprojectqualityinaccordancewithexecutingdrawings,NormofRailwayTunnelConstructionandothertechnicalnormsrelevanttorailwayengineeringinadditiontopartyA’stechnicalexplanation.(3)作好施工原始记录和编制甲方需要的全部施工资料交甲方存档。TomakeoriginalrecordsofexecutionwhicharepartyA’snecessityandreferthesametopartyAforarchiving.十一、安全施工SafeConstruction1、乙方在施工中必须严格按施工技术规范、操作步骤及安全保护措施进行施工生产，如果由于乙方原因造成的人员伤亡和财产损失等事故，一切责任和后果均由乙方承担。PartyBshouldinstrictaccordancewithnormofconstructiontechnology,operationprocedureandsafeprotectionmeasure,carryoutexecution,whereanyaccidentsofpersonalcasualtiesorpropertieslossduetopartyB,allliabilities257A版优质实用文档 7A版优质实用文档andconsequencearisingtherefromwillbeundertakenbypartyB.2、爆破用炸药、雷管由甲方安排供应，乙方必须安排专用存放地点，安排专人负责炸药、雷管的接收、保管工作。如果因乙方原因造成炸药、雷管丢失、被盗等，所造成的一切后果和损失，均由乙方负责。TheexplosiveanddetonatorforblastingworkwillbesuppliedbypartyA,andpartyBshouldpreparespecialplaceandassignparticularpersontotakechargeofreceiptandcustodyofexplosiveanddetonator,whereanylosingorstealingthereofduetopartyB,theanyconsequenceorlossarisingtherefromwillberesponsibleonpartyB.十二、进度计划ProgressSchedule1、经甲乙双方同意的施工进度计划，是本合同的组成部分，双方必须遵守。Partiesheretoshouldconformwiththeprogressschedulewhichisagreedbypartiesandbeingtheintegralpartofthiscontract.2、乙方必须按照上报甲方的施工组织设计方案进行施工，严格执行进度计划，如果由于乙方原因造成进度滞后，乙方应当及时调整施工计划，确保施工进度。PartyBshouldinaccordancewithDesignScheduleofConstructionOrganization,conductinstrictprogressplan,whereanyprogressdelayoccurduetopartyB,theadjustmentofexecutionshouldbemakeforensureprojectprogress.十三、承包工程价款支付和结算SettlementandPayment1、甲方不拨预付款，根据实际完成情况，按本合同第四条规定每月甲方根据由项目总工审核批准的工程量核定工程价款。每次应付金额为其验工计价的80%，同时扣减甲方供应的材料及提供的水电费；扣留20%作为工程质量保证金。NoadvancepaymentwillbepaidbypartyA.Projectcostwill,pursuanttoactualcompletionandstipulationofArticleFourhereof,beapprovedbypartyAateachmonthsubjecttotheprojectquantitywhichhasbeenconfirmedbytheproject’sgeneralengineer.Eachdueamountofpaymentis80%ofapprovedamountwithacceptancecompletionafterdeductionofthecostsofmaterials,waterandpower,whicharesuppliedbypartyAinadditiontodeductionof20%ofduepaymentasqualityretention.2、乙方施工工程全部完成并通过甲方、监理、业主的验收达到质量要求后，进行工程结算。结算支付限额为合同总价的90%，扣减合同总价的10%作为保修金。待承包工程缺陷责任期、保修期满后，保修金一次付清（无息）。Engineeringsettlementwill,uponcompletionofallprojectswhicharereach257A版优质实用文档 7A版优质实用文档qualityrequirementsandhavebeenthroughacceptanceofpartyA,supervisionandemployer.Thepaymentlimitedforsettlementis90%ofcontracttotalcost,10%oftotalpaymentisdeductedasguaranteeretentionwhichwillberefund,uponexpirationofguaranteeperiod,bydumppaymentwithoutinterest.十四、履约担保PerformanceBond合同签约时乙方必须交纳承包工程总造价5%的履约担保金交与甲方，在乙方按照合同要求实施和完成本合同工程以前，履约担保一直有效，直至乙方承包工程全部完成并通过甲方、监理、业主的检测达到质量要求后，进行工程结算时退还给乙方。履约担保期间履约担保金无利息。PartyBshould,uponsignatureofcontract,payperformancebondequalto5%oftotalcontractpricetopartyA,whichwillbeeffectivepriortoexecutionandcompletionofprojectpursuanttotherequirementsbypartyB,andwillberefundtopartyBwithsettlementuntilandunlessfullcompletionofpartyB’scontractedprojectandthroughinspectionbypartyA,supervisionandemployerasinsatisfactionofqualityrequirements.Nointerestofperformancebondinperiodofguaranty.十五、保修MaintenanceandRepair1、保修范围：承包工程全部内容。ScopeofMaintenanceandrepair:Allcontractedprojects.2、保修期限：竣工后两年。TimelimitedofMaintenanceandrepair:Twoyearsaftercompletion.3、保修金额和支付方式：保修金额为总合同价的10%，在竣工结算款中扣留，保修期满后一次性归返乙方。Sumandpaymentofmaintenanceandrepair:10%oftotalcontractprice,whichwillbedeductedfromcompletionsettlementpaymentandrefundedtopartyBindumppayment.十六、违约责任Liabilities1、甲方若没按合同约定履行自己的责任和义务，应承担违约责任，并承担经济损失。ProvidedthatpartyAfailtoperformitsresponsibilitiesandobligationsinaccordancewithcontract,shouldundertakebreachliabilityandmakecompensationofeconomiclosstopartyB.257A版优质实用文档 7A版优质实用文档2、如乙方未能按合同工期或甲方同意顺延的工期完成施工任务，延期一天罚款1500元，罚款限额为合同总价的10%。ProvidedthatpartyBfailtocompleteexecutionofprojectoncontractedtermorwithintheextensiontermwhichisbypartyA’sconsent,onedelaydaywillbeimposedfineof1500Yuanandthelimitedfineis10%oftotalcontractprice.3、因乙方原因达不到质量标准，乙方应在甲方要求的时间内返工，直至符合标准为止，返工过程中发生的一切费用由乙方负责。WherefailuretosatisfactionofprojectqualitypartyBshouldwithinpartyA’srequiredperiodmakereworkthereofuntilsatisfytherequirementofquality,forwhichanyandallcostswillbeaccountonpartyB.4、因第三方原因（主要指业主、监理、重大变更、地震等不可抗力因素）影响进度，工期可顺延；工期顺延期间乙方发生的一切费用均由乙方承担，经甲方审核批准后确定工期延长天数。Whereprojectprogressisaffectedordelayedduetothirdparty,whichmainlymeanbyemployer,supervision,materialalterationandearthquakeandotherforcemajuere,worktermmaybeextendedcorrespondingly,allcostsduringextensionoftermwillbebornebypartyB.ThedaysofextensionwillbeconfirmedsubjecttopartyA’sapproval.十七、其它约定Miscellaneous1、TheSchedulesandAnnexesheretoaremadeanintegralpartofthisContractandareequallybindingwiththemainbodyoftheContract.IntheeventofanyconflictbetweenthetermsandprovisionsofthemainbodyoftheContractandtheSchedulesorAnnexes,thetermsandprovisionsofthemainbodyofthisContractshallprevail.本合同的附录以及附件为本合同不可分割的部分，并且与本合同正文的条款具有同等效力。如果本合同正文的条款与附录以及附件的条款有冲突，以本合同正文条款为准。2、本合同未尽事宜甲乙双方共同协商解决，合同期间双方达成的任何协议作为本合同的附加条款，同样具有法律效力。Anyoutstandingissuehereofwillbecommonlynegotiatedbypartieshereto.Anyagreementconcludedduringcontractperformancewillbedeemedastheappendixtermandconditionstothiscontractandwithequaleffect.257A版优质实用文档 7A版优质实用文档3、若本合同履行过程中发生任何争议，双方将尽其最大努力通过友好协商解决。若协商不成，任何一方可将争端提交至国际经济贸易仲裁委员会，按照申请仲裁时该会现行有效的仲裁规则进行仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方均有约束力。Bothpartiesagreethatinthecaseofanydispute,theywillusetheirbesteffortstosolvealldifferencesamicablybynegotiation.IfnosettlementcanbereachedbynegotiationeitherPartymaysubmitsuchdisputetoInternationalEconomicandTradeArbitrationCommissionforarbitrationinaccordancewithitsarbitrationrulesthenineffect.Thearbitrationawardwillbefinalandbindinguponbothparties.4、本合同附件：隧道施工技术附件Appendixhereof:TechnicalAppendixofTunnelConstruction5、本合同正本贰份，甲乙双方各壹份。ThiscontractismadetoworiginalcopiesforpartyAandpartyBholdeachcopyrespectively.甲方（盖章）：PartyA(seal)乙方（盖章）：PartyB(seal)代表（签字）：Representative(signature)代表（签字）：Representative(signature)隧道施工技术附件TechnicalAppendixofTunnelConstruction目录一、隧道开挖前的准备工作二、洞口施工：TunnelPortalConstruction三、开挖施工：ExcavationConstruction四、安全处理SafetyTreatment五、装碴与运输：MuckLoadingandTransportation六、支护施工：SupportConstruction七、衬砌施工：LiningConstruction八、不良地质段施工：Constructionatthesectionwithundesirablegeologicalconditions九、监控和测量：MonitoringandMeasuring十、施工用电：ConstructionPowerSupply十一、施工机具：ConstructionEquipment十二、通风Airsupply一、隧道开挖前的准备工作257A版优质实用文档 7A版优质实用文档1.隧道施工前，应根据工程地质、水文地质资料制定防排水方案；隧道进洞前要做好洞顶、洞口、辅助坑道的地面排水系统，防止地表水的下渗和冲刷；施工中要对洞内的出水部位、水量大小、涌水情况、变化规律，补给来源及水质成份做好观测和记录，并不断改善防排水措施。Beforethetunnelconstruction,thewaterproofanddewateringplansshallbemadebasedonthegeologyandthehydro-geologicdata.Thesurfacedrainagesystemonthecrown,portalandauxiliaryaditsshallbepreparedbeforeenteringintothetunnel,soastopreventthegroundwater’sinfiltrationandscouring;Observationandrecordshallbemadeontheoutletposition,watervolume,surgingwater,regularityforchange,sourceofsupplyandwaterelements.Andthewaterdrainagemeasuresshallbeimprovedcontinuously.2.在洞口增设红绿警示灯，绿灯时表示正常工作状态，可进入；红灯时表示非正常状态或紧急处理状态，不可进入。Thered&greencautionlightshallbeinstalledatthetunnelportal.Thegreencautionlightmeansthenormalworkcondition,sotheconstructionpersonnelcangointothetunnel;Theredcautionlightmeanstheabnormalworksconditionortheemergency,sotheconstructionpersonnelcannotgointothetunnel.3.遇有不良地质地段施工时，应按照先治水、短开挖、弱爆破、先护顶、强支护的原则稳步前进。Incasethatundesirablegeologicalstructureisencounteredduringtheconstruction,theexcavationwillbesubjecttotheprincipleof“firstwaterregulation,shortheadway,weakblasting,firstcapping,strongsupporting”soastoensuretheconstructionproceedsonsteadily.二、洞口施工：TunnelPortalConstruction1.边坡以上的山坡松动危石应在开工前清除；施工中应经常检查，特别是在暴雨之后，发现松动危石必须立即清除。Theloosedangerousrockabovethesideslopeshallberemovedbeforetheconstruction.Regularcheckshallbecarriedoutduringtheconstruction,especiallyafterthestorm,sothattheloosedangerousrockcanberemovedimmediately.2.进洞前应作好洞口工程，稳定好洞口的边坡，作好天沟、边沟等排水设施，确保地表水不致危及隧道的施工安全。Theportalworksshallbecarriedoutbeforeenteringintothetunnel,suchas257A版优质实用文档 7A版优质实用文档stabilizingthesideslopeattheportal,excavatingthedrainagefacilitylikecatchditchandsidedrain,soastopreventthesurfacewaterfromendangeringtheconstructionsafety.3.洞口的边坡应自上而下开挖，一次将土石方工程做完，开挖人员不得上下重叠作业。洞口开挖坚持边开挖，边防护的原则，二次开挖完成后，及时按照设计进行边坡坡面防护，以保持坡面稳定性和整体性。Thesideslopeofthetunnelportalshallbeexcavatedfromtopdownandtheearth-rockworksshallbefinishedinonetime.Theexcavationpersonnelshallnotperformthetop-bottomoverlapexcavation.Theportalexcavationshallbesubjecttotheprincipalof“excavationandprotectionatthesametime”.Afterthesecondaryexcavationfinishes,thesideslopesurfaceprotectionshallbecarriedoutintimesoastokeepthestabilityandintegrityoftheslopesurface.三、开挖施工：ExcavationConstruction隧洞开挖应严格按照爆破设计组织实施，实施前先试爆，并根据地质情况及时修正其参数。开挖应根据已开挖洞段揭示的地质情况及地质预报进行前方围岩类别的预测，从而确定开挖断面尺寸及初期支护的型式。地质条件较差时，可进行超前探孔施工，以了解前方地质及地下水情况，可采取超前灌浆等措施，爆破后及时进行支护。Thetunnelexcavationshallbestrictlycompliedwiththeblastingdesignorganization.Thetrialblastingshallbeperformedbeforecarryingouttheblastingdesignorganization,andtimelyamendtheparametersinaccordancewithgeologicalconditions.Thefrontrocktypeforecastshallbeconductedforexcavationbasedonthegeologicalconditionsandprecastshowedfromthepreviouslyexcavatedcrosssection,soastoconfirmtheexcavatedcrosssectionsizeandtheprevioussupporttype.Whenthegeologicalconditionsarepoor,theadvanceexplorationholeconstructionshallbecarriedoutsoastoknowthefrontgeologyandundergroundwaterconditions.Themeasureslikeadvancegroutingshallbeadoptedandthesupportshallbecarriedouttimelyafterblasting.3.钻孔前，应检查工作环境的安全状态，应待开挖面清除浮石以及瞎炮处理完毕后方可进行作业。257A版优质实用文档 7A版优质实用文档风钻钻孔作业前，应先检查机身、螺栓、卡套、弹簧和支架是否正常完好；管子接头是否牢固，有无漏风；钻杆有无不直、带伤以及供水是否正常等现象；不合要求者应予修理或更换。作业时，必须将支架安置稳妥；风钻卡钻时，应用板钳松动拔出，不可敲打，未关风前不得拆除钻杆。凿岩机在碴堆上钻眼时，应保持碴堆的稳定。Beforedrillingholes,checkthesafetyoftheworkenvironment.Theworkcanstartonlyafterthepumiceintheto-be-excavatedsurfaceandthemisfireareremoved.Beforethehanddrillisadoptedtodrill,itshallcheckwhetherthebody,screw,socket,springandsupportareingoodconditionsornot;whetherthepipejointareconnectedsecurelyandhaveairleakageornot;thedrillrodisstraight,damagedornot,andthewatersupplyisnormalornot.Theunqualifiedshallberepairedorchanged.Duringtheconstruction,thesupportshallbeplacedsteadily;thewrenchshallbeusedforlooseextractioninsteadofknockingout.Itisprohibitedtodismantlethehanddrillwhentheairsupplyhasnotstopped.Whenthehammerdrillisdrillingholeinthemuck,itshallguaranteethestabilityofthemuck.4.爆破作业和爆破器材加工人员，严禁穿着化纤衣物。装药时严禁烟火和采用明火照明，为防止点炮时发生照明中断，爆破工应随身携带手电筒。装药前应检查爆破工作面附近的支护是否牢固；炮眼内的泥浆、石粉应吹洗干净；刚打好的炮孔热度过高，不得立即装药。Thepersonnelforblastingandprocessingblastingequipmentsareforbiddentowearthefiberclothes.Smokingandlightingfiresarestrictlyforbiddenwhentheexplosivesareloaded.Inordertopreventtheelectricitycutoff,theblastershallcarrythetorchwithhimself.Beforeloadingexplosives,thesupportneartheblastingfaceshallbecheckedwhetheritissecureornot.Thegroundandstonedustshallbecleaned.Becausethetemperatureofthejust-drilledholeistoohigh,itisforbiddentoloadtheexplosivesimmediately.装炮时应使用木质炮棍装药，严禁火种；无关人员与机具等均应撤至安全地点。爆破采用由塑料导爆管并联及串联成爆破网络；起爆时采取电子激发器在爆破安全距离以外进行起爆。电起爆时主导线宜悬空架设，据各种导电体的间距必须大于1米。257A版优质实用文档 7A版优质实用文档Woodentampingrodshallbeusedforcharging,andlightingfireisprohibited.Theunrelatedpersonnelandequipmentsshallbeevacuatedtothesafearea.Theblastingnetworkshallbeformedbytheparallelconnectionandseriesconnectionoftheplasticblastingcord.Theelectronicactuatorshallbeadoptedforblastingawayfromthesafetydistance.Themainconductorshallbesuspendedlyerectedforelectricinitiation,whichshallbemorethan1mbetweentheconductors.遇有照明不足、开挖面围岩破碎尚未支护、出现流沙未经处理、有大量溶洞水及高压水涌出尚未治理、没有警戒好等情况，严禁装药爆破。洞内爆破作业时必须统一指挥；所有人员必须撤离，撤离的安全距离不小于200m。Incasethattheilluminationispoor,thewallrockattheexcavationsurfacehasnotbeensupported;theshiftsandhasnotbeenhandled;largequantityofcavernwaterandhighpressurewaterfloodout,andthewarningmeasureshavenotbeenready,thechargingforblastingisforbidden.Theblastinginsidethetunnelshallbeunderthecommandofdedicatedpersons.Allthepersonnelmustbeevacuatedwiththesafedistanceofmorethan200m.5.爆破后必须通风排烟15min后，检查人员方可进入开挖面检查，检查内容为：有无哑炮；有无残余炸药或雷管；顶板及两帮有无松动的围岩；支撑有无损坏与变形。一旦发现隐患处理后，方可进行下一工序施工。Theventilationandsmokedischargeshalllastfor15minaftertheblasting,andthentheinspectionpersonnelcangointothetunnelforcheck:misfire,residualexplosivesorthedetonator,loosewallrockatthecrestslabandtwosides,anydamageordeformationofthesupport.Oncethehiddendangerisfound,thehiddendangermustbedealtwithandthenthenextconstructionprocedurecanproceed.6.不得在残眼中继续钻孔。6、Itisprohibitedtodrillholesinthedeadholes.四、安全处理SafetyTreatment1.由有经验和技术的工人来进行危石的撬除。清除开挖面上的松动岩体、开裂的喷混凝土时，作业人员严禁站在被清除物的下方。Thedangerousrockshallbepriedbyworkerswithexperienceandtechnology.257A版优质实用文档 7A版优质实用文档Whenthelooserockandthecrackedshotcreteisbeingremovedfromtheexcavationsurface,theconstructionpersonnelareforbiddentostandbelowthelooserockandthecrackedshotcrete.2.日常撬挖：当爆破结束后，空气的质量已达到健康标准时，开始第一次撬挖；撬挖结束后，由项目部的安全员检查撬挖质量，安全员认为撬挖合格后，方可进入出渣作业；出渣结束后进行第二次撬挖；在做第二次撬挖时，首先把前两次的工作面检查、撬挖一遍，再撬挖新工作面；在第二次撬挖结束后，安全员将检查撬挖质量，如安全员同意，将进行下一步工作，否则撬挖工作重做。Dailyprying:aftertheblastingfinishesandtheairqualityhasreachedthestandard,thefirstpryingcanstart;afterwhich,thesafetypersonnelshallcheckthepryingquality.Onlyafterthesafetypersonnelconfirmsthatthepryingisqualified,dothemuckingcanstart.Afterthemuckingfinishes,thesecondpryingcanstart,duringwhich,thefirsttwoworkfacesshallbecheckedandpriedofffirst,andthenthenewworkfaceshallbepriedoff.Afterthesecondpryingfinishes,thesafetypersonnelshallcheckthepryingquality,ifsatisfied,thenextworkcanstart,orthepryingshallrepeatfromthefirst.3.周检查:每周末，有项目部安全员与撬挖工一起对洞内所有洞段进行一次检查、撬挖，并做好撬挖记录。Weeklycheck:everyweekend,thesafetypersonnelandthepryingworkershallcheckthepryingofallthetunnelsectionsandpreparethepryingrecord.五、装碴与运输：MuckLoadingandTransportation1.装碴作业前后，要检查开挖断面围岩的稳定情况，发现松动岩石或有塌方征兆时，要及时上报并进行妥当处理后，方可继续装碴作业。Beforeandafterthemuckisloaded,thestabilityofthecrosssectionwallrockshallbechecked.Oncethelooserockorsuchlandslidepossibilityisfound,itshallbereportedtothehigherauthorityandhandledcarefully,andthenthemuckloadingcancontinue.2.装碴机械在操作中，要保证开挖断面净空能满足装碴机械的安全运转，其回转范围内严禁人员通过；若遇岩块卡堵，严禁用手直接搬动岩块，身体的任何部位，不得接触机械的传送带。机械装碴的辅助人员，应随时留心装碴和运输机械的运行情况，防止挤碰。Whenthemuckloadingequipmentsareoperated,theexcavationcrosssectionclearanceshallbeenoughsoastomeettherequirementofsafetyrotationfor257A版优质实用文档 7A版优质实用文档themuckloadingequipments,nobodycanpassthroughtherotationarea.Ifwhenitisblockedbytherock,itisprohibitedtomovetherockbyhand,andanypartofthebodycannottouchtheconveyorbelt.3.洞内采取有轨运输时，在一侧应设宽度不小于0.7m的人行道；进出隧道的人员应走人行道，不得与机械或车辆抢道，严禁扒车，追车或搭车。使用有轨运输时，洞外与成洞地段的最大行车速度不得超过15km/h，洞内施工地段不得超过5km/h。机动车司机不得擅离工作岗位，离开时要切断电源，拧紧车闸，开亮车灯；非值班司机不得驾驶机动车。Whentherailtransportisadoptedinsidethetunnel,thewalkwaywithnolessthan0.7mwideshallbesetupatoneside.Thepersonnelgoingin/outthetunnelshallwalkonthewalkway,itisforbiddentocutthevehicleorequipmentsoff,climbontoaslow-goingvehicle,vehiclechaseorlift.Whentherailtransportisadopted,themaximumrunningspeedoutsidethetunnelandtunnelingsectionshallnotexceed15km/h,and5km/hontheconstructionareainsidethetunnel.4.运输线路应有专人维修、养护，线路两侧的废渣和余料应随时清理。Thetransportingrouteshallbemaintainedandrepairedspecially.Themuckandtheresidualmaterialsontwosidesalongthetransportationlineshallberemovedtimely.六、支护施工：SupportConstruction1.为保持洞内围岩的稳定，隧洞的支护必须及时跟进洞挖施工，并与洞挖施工穿插平行作业。隧道的支护首先要根据围岩的稳定情况，采取有效的支护措施，主要有喷锚支护和钢拱架支护等。施工期间，要对支护的工作状态进行定期和不定期的检查；在不良地质地段，要指派专人每班检查，当发现支护变形或损坏时，要立即修整加固。Inordertoprotectthestabilityofthewallrockinsidethetunnel,thetunnelsupportshallfollowupthetunnelexcavationconstructionintime.Theinterpenetratedandparalellconstructionactivitiesshallbecarriedoutwiththetunnelexcavation.Basedonthestabilityofthewallrock,thetunnelsupportshalladopttheeffectivesupportform,mainlyincludingtheshotcretesupportandthesteelarchtrusssupport,etc.Duringtheconstruction,theregularandirregularcheckontheworkconditi257A版优质实用文档 7A版优质实用文档onsofthesupportshallbecarriedout.Forthesectionwithpoorgeologicalconditions,somepersonnelshallbearrangedforcheckeveryshift,andoncethedeformedordamagedsupportisfound,itshallberepairedandstrengthenedimmediately.2.在碴堆上进行作业时，要避免踩踏活动的岩块；在梯、架上作业时，要有必要的防护措施，并安排专人监护。Whenitisconstructedonthemuck,itshallavoidtreadingontheactiverockmass.Whenitisconstructedontheladder,itshallhavethenecessaryprotectiondeviceandunderthesupervisionbysomepersonnelspecially.3.由于岩石条件差，在清理以后钻锚杆孔以前，为降低钻孔期间岩石从顶拱脱落而下打钻工人的危险，在顶拱中安装一层喷浆支护是重要的（至少35mm）。Becausetherockconditionisverypoor,inordertoreducethepossibilitythattherockfallsfromthecrownandhurtsthedrillingworkersduringthedrilling,itisveryimportanttoinstalltheshotcretesupportonthecrown(atleast35mm)aftertheclearanceandbeforedrillingholesforrockbolt.4.锚杆施工时，注浆人员要加强个人防护，戴皮手套、口罩、眼镜等。锚杆施工时，注浆作业开始前和结束后，应认真检查、清洗机械管路及接头，检查后应经过试运转方可开始正式作业，以防止发生剧烈振动、管路堵塞现象；当发生注浆管路或接头堵塞时，需在消除压力之后，再进行拆卸和维修。向锚杆孔注浆，压力不宜过大，如发现压力过高，应立即停风，排除堵塞；注浆管喷嘴严禁对人放置，以防高压喷射物喷出伤人。Whentherockboltconstructionisundertaken,thegroutingpersonnelshallpaymoreattentiontothepersonalsafety,suchaswearinggloves,mouthmask,glassesandsoon.Whentherockboltconstructionisundertaken,themechanicalpipelineandthejointshallbecheckedandcleanedbeforethethegroutingstartsandafterthegroutingfinishes.Thegroutingcanformallystartsonlyafterthecheckandthetrialrun,soastopreventtheextremevibrationsandthepipelineblockage.Whentheblockageofthegroutingpipelineorthejointhappens,theremovalandtherepairshallbeundertakenafterthepressurehasbeenreleased.Whentherockboltisgrouted,thepressureshallbenotextreme.Oncethepressureistoohigh,theairsuppyshallbestoppedimmediately,andtheblockageshallberemoved.Thenozzleofthegroutingpipeshallbenotplacedoppositetopeople,soas257A版优质实用文档 7A版优质实用文档topreventthehigh-pressureshotcretingfromhurtingpeople.钢拱架构件采用螺栓连接或现场焊接，在施工现场根据围岩类别及实际情况选用组装。钢拱架安装时尽量贴近岩石面并与锚杆焊接牢固。Thesteelarchtrussshallbeassembledaccordingtosurroundingrockcategoriesandactualsituationonconstructionsite,withcomponentstobeconnectedwithboltsorweldedonthesite.Wheninstalled,thesteelarchtrussshallbeclosetotherocksurfaceandweldedcloselywiththerockbolt.钢拱架的立柱不得置于虚碴和活动石块上；在软弱围岩地段，立柱底面要加设垫板或垫梁。Thecolumnsofthesteelarchtrussshallbenotplacedonthespoilandthemovablerock.Intheweakwallrocksections,theshimplateorthetemplatebeamshallbeaddedtothecolumnbottom.在安装钢拱架和钢筋网时，作业人员之间的动作要协调，本排钢拱架或本片钢筋网没有安装完毕，并和相邻的钢架和锚杆连接稳妥之前，不得取消临时支撑。Whenthesteelarchtrussandthereinforcingmatareinstalled,theworkbetweentheconstructionpersonnelshallbecoordinate,andthetemporarysupportshallbenotcancelledbeforethesteelarchtrussinoneroworthereinforcingmatinonepieceisfinishedandtheneighboringsteelframeandtherockboltisconnectedsecurely.拱架间用纵向钢筋连接牢固，构成整体，拱架与围岩间采用混凝土垫块（硬木块或合适石块）塞紧。Longitudinalrebarsshallbeusedtoperformconnectionandfixingamongthesteelsets.Concretecushionblocks(hardwoodenplateorappropriaterockblocks)shallbeusedtofillthespacebetweensteelsetsandsurroundingrock.5.进行喷射作业时，必须配戴防护用具。Thepersonalprotectiveequipmentsmustbewornduringshotcreting.喷射混凝土施时，在喷射混凝土作业开始前应仔细检查围岩受喷面，彻底清理危石。Asfortheshotcreting,thesurfacetobeshotcretedshallbecheckedcarefullybeforetheshotcreting,andthedangerousrockshallbeclearedcompletely.喷射时，应有专人仔细检查管路、接头等，防止在喷射时因软管破损、接头断开等引起的事故；作业过程中如发生风、水、输料管路堵塞或爆炸时，必须依次停止风、水、料的输送，并采取有效的抢修措施。257A版优质实用文档 7A版优质实用文档Whenshotcreting,thepipeline,joint,etcshallbecheckedspeciallysoastopreventtheaccidentcausedbythedamagedhoseorthedisconnectedjointduringshotcreting.Whenblockageorblastinghappenstotheair,waterandmaterialfeedingpipes,thefeedingofair,waterandmaterialshallbestoppedaccordinglyandtheeffectiverescuemeasuresshallbetaken.喷浆工应以薄层进行喷浆，防止在一个区域的喷浆层太厚可能引起喷浆失重，可能会伤到喷浆工。人工喷浆时，喷浆工不能站在距最近喷浆区域下面。Shotcretingworkersshallconducttheshotcretinginthinlayersforpreventingthethickshotcretelayersfromfallingdownandhurtingshotcretingworkersinthatarea.Whenshotcretingmanually,theshotcretingworkershallnotstandbelowthenearestshotcretingarea.6.喷锚时喷锚支护时，清除松动围岩、冲洗受喷面时，工作区内严禁人员停留；当在高度2m以上钻眼、安装锚杆、挂钢筋网及喷射混凝土时，要采取妥当的高处防坠落措施。对锚喷支护体系的监控量测中发现支护体系变形、开裂等险情时，必须立即采取补救措施；当险情危急时，应立即将人员撤离危险区。Whentherockboltsupportisperformedduringshotcreting,theflexiblewallrockshallberemovedandthesurfacetobeshotcretedshallbeflushed,anditisprohibitedtostayintheconstructionarea.Whendrillingholes,installingrockbolt,hangingupreinforcingmatandshotcretingabove2metershigh,themeasuresforpreventingfromfallingfromthehighlocationsshallbetaken.Whenthesupportdeformation,crack,etc,arefoundinthemonitoringoftherockboltsupportsystem,therescuemeasuresshallbetakenimmediately.Whenthesituationisemergent,thepersonnelsshallbeevacuatedimmediatelytothesafearea.七、衬砌施工：LiningConstruction1.吊装拱架、模板时，作业现场要设专人监护。安装、拆除模板、拱架时，工作地段应有专人监护；拆下的模板不得堆放在通道上。Whenthesteelarchtrussandformworkareliftedandinstalledandremoved,theconstructionsiteshallbesupervisedspeciallybysomepersonnel.Theformworkdismantledmustnotbeplacedonthepassway.2.257A版优质实用文档 7A版优质实用文档脚手架及工作平台上的铺板，应钉铺严密；木板之端头，必须搭于支点上；工作台上要设置不低于1.0m的防护栏杆；马道板、梯子要安装牢固并防滑；工作台的任何部位不得有钉子露头或突出的尖角；脚手架及工作平台上所站人数及堆置的建筑材料，不得超过其计算载重量；Thefloorboardonthescaffoldandworkingplatformshallbenailedtightly.Theendsofthewoodenboardshallbeerectedtothesupport.Theguardrailwithnolessthan1.0mhighshallbeerectedontheplatform.Thebeamboardandtheladdershallbeinstalledfirmlyandanti-skidly.Theexposedpartsofthenailorthesharpanglesshallberemovedatanypartoftheplatform.Thetotalweightofthepersonnelandthebuildingmaterialsonthescaffoldandtheplatformshallnotexceedthecalculatedloadweight.3.混凝土衬砌施工时，拱墙模板架及台车下要留足施工空间，靠近通道的一侧应有足够的净空，以保证车辆、行人的安全通过；衬砌作业点应设置明显的限界及缓行标志。Whentheconcreteliningisconstructed,adequateconstructionroomshallbereservedbelowtheformworkframeofthearchwallandadequateclearanceshallbekeptonthesideclosetothepassage,soastomakesurethatthevehicleandpeoplecanpasssafely.Obviousclearanceandslowsignsshallbesetupontheliningsite.4.检查、维修混凝土机械及管路时，必须先停机，切断电源。Whentheconcretemachineryandpipelinearecheckedandrepaired,itshallshutoffthemachinefirstandthencutoffthepower.5.仰拱施工时，仰拱上的运输道路要搭设牢固。Whentheinvertisconstructed,thetransportroadontheinvertshallbeerectedfirmly.八、不良地质段施工：Constructionatthesectionwithundesirablegeologicalconditions1.施工前可采用超前钻孔，探明地质情况，采取预防对策。Beforeconstruction,theadvanceholedrillingshallbeadoptedforobservingthegeologicalconditionsandtakingpreventativemeasures.2.施工中应加强对围岩和支护体系的监控量测，当发现围岩和支护体系变形速率异常时，应立即采取有效措施，情况严重时应将全部人员撤离危险区。Duringtheconstruction,themonitoringandmeasuringonthewallrockandthesupportshallbestrengthened.Whenitisfoundthatthedeformationspeed257A版优质实用文档 7A版优质实用文档ofthewallrockandthesupportisabnormal,theeffectivemeasuresshallbetakenimmediately,andallthepersonnelshallbeevacuatedoutofthedangerousarea.3.施工中应有足够的抢险、急救物资储备。如发现坍塌，应积极处理和抢救，处理坍塌应在查明坍塌情况、制定出安全措施后进行。Enoughequipmentsandmaterialsforrescueanddealingwiththeemergencyshallbestored.Ifthecollapsehappens,thecollapsesituationsshallbeinvestigatedandsafetymeasuresshallbemadeforactiverescue.4.施工中应勤于沟通，岩石发生变化，立即与设计人员沟通，现场勘察，现场制定安全施工方案。Frequentcommunicationshallbeundertakenduringtheconstruction.Oncetherockconditionschange,theconstructionpersonnelshallcommunicatewiththedesignpersonnelforsiteinvestigationandmakingthesafetyconstructionplanonthesite.5.安全问题突出地段，配备安全监护人员，随时检查安全情况，有险情即停工，消除隐患，确保安全工作。Astothesectionswithseveresafetyproblems,safetypersonnelshallbearrangedformonitoringandcheckingthesafetysituations.Onceemergencyhappens,theconstructionshallbestoppedimmediatelyandthehiddendangershallbeeliminated,soastoguaranteesafetyconstruction.九、监控和测量：MonitoringandMeasuring1.隧洞施工前，在设计提供的地质资料和施工补充勘探的基础上，将超前地质预测预报工作纳入到隧道施工的正常工序中，以探明前方围岩的变化情况，预测施工中可能出现的地质灾害；及时修改、补充和完善隧道施工设计，为隧洞的施工提出措施建议，避免重大事故的发生，保证施工的顺利进行。Beforethetunnelisconstructed,basedonthegeologicaldocumentsprovidedbythedesignpersonnelandthesupplementaryexploration,theadvancegeologicalmonitoringandforecastingshallbeincorporatedintothenormalworkingsequenceforinvestigatingthechangeofthefrontwallrockandforecastingthepossiblegeologicaldisasters.Thetunnelconstructiondesignshallbemodified,supplementedandimprovedsoastoprovidemeasuresandsuggestionsforthetunnelconstruction,avoidthetremendousaccidentsandguaranteethesmoothconstruction.257A版优质实用文档 7A版优质实用文档2.超前钻探是隧洞施工期超前地质预测预报最直接、最有效的方法；通过钻孔钻进速度测试及相关试验获取隧道掌子面前方岩石的强度指标、可钻性指标、地层岩性资料、岩体完整程度及地下水、气状况等诸方面的资料。Advancedrillingisthemostdirectandeffectivemethodforadvancegeologicalmonitoringandforecastingduringthetunnelconstructionperiod.Thestrengthindex,thedrillabilityindex,lithologydocumentsandrockintegrityofthefrontrockinthetunnelface,andtheundergroundwater,air,etc.3.隧道开挖后的每一个工作面都应进行观察和记录，并进行地质素描，对初期支护要进行喷射混凝土、锚杆、钢架等的状况进行描述。Everyworkfaceafterexcavationinthetunnelshallbesurveyedandrecorded,andhasthegeologicalsketch,whichshalldescribetheconditionsthattheinitialsupportneedsshorcreting,rockboltandsteelarchtruss.4.当发现测量数据有不正常变化或突变，洞内或地表位移值大于允许位移值，洞内出现裂缝以及喷层出现异常裂缝时，均应视为危险信号，必须立即通知和组织作业人员撤离现场，待制定处理措施后才能继续施工。Whenitisfoundthatthesurveydatahasabnormalchangeorabruptchange,thedisplacementvalueinsidethetunneloronthegroundexceedtheallowabledisplacementvalue,andthecrackhappensinsidethetunnelandtheabnormalcrackhappensintheshotcretedlayers,allthesesituationsshallbetreatedasthedangeroussignal,sothepersonnelshallbeinformedandorganizedtobeevacuatedoutofthesite.Theconstructioncancontinueonlyafterthetreatmentmeasuresismade.十、施工用电：ConstructionPowerSupply1.洞内施工用电应严格执行规程规范的要求；洞内应加强照明，保证亮度充足、均匀、不闪烁；每50米安装1盏事故照明灯；隧道内的用电线路应使用绝缘良好的电缆，用电线路应采用横担与绝缘子沿洞壁固定，不得放于地上。Theconstructionpowersupplyinsidethetunnelshallstrictlycomplywiththerelevantspecificationrequirements.Thelightinginsidethetunnelshallbestrengthenedbymakesurethattheilluminationisenough,evenandflickerfree.Oneemergencylightshallbeinstalledevery50meters.Thepowerlineinsidethetunnelshallbethecablewithgoodinsulation,andthepowerlineshallbefixedalongwithsidewallsbycrossarmandinsulatorinsteadofbeingplacedontheground.257A版优质实用文档 7A版优质实用文档2.动力电线应与照明线路分开布设。Thepowerlineandtheilluminationlineshallbelaidseparately.3.施工现场各种电器设备须配专用开关；自备电源和电网要有连锁保护。配电箱及开关箱应保持干燥通风，配锁。固定式开关箱的底面与地面的垂直距离不得小于1.3m，移动式配电箱及开关箱的底面与地面的垂直距离应该大于0.8m。Theequipmentsandmachinesshallbeequippedwithspecialswitches.Thegeneratedpowerandpowergridsshallhavetheinterlockprotection.Thepowerdistributionboxandtheswitchbox,whichshallkeepdryandventiIative,shallbeequippedwiththelock.Theverticaldistancebetweenthebottomofthestationaryswitchboxandthegroundshallbenolessthan1.3m,andtheverticaldistancebetweenthebottomofthemobilepowerdistributionbox&switchboxandthegroundshallbemorethan0.8m.4.使用移动式照明时，输电线路必须使用密闭电缆，严禁使用裸线和绝缘不良的电线。Whenthemobilelightingisadopted,theclosedcableshallbeadoptedasthetransmissionline.Itisprohibitedtousethebarewireandthelinewithpoorinsulation.十一、施工机具：ConstructionEquipment1.现场投入使用的设备和机具应建立管理台帐，大型施工机械应有专人使用和管理，小型机具也应明确专人负责管理。设备轮班作业时，应严格履行交接班手续，明确责任。Accountshallbemadefortheequipmentsandmachinesusedonthesite.Thelarge-sizedconstructionmachinesshallbeusedandmanagedexceptionallybysomepersonnel.Andthesmall-sizedmachineshallalsohavesomepersonnelwhoisresponsibleforthemanagementofthesmall-sizedmachines.Whentheequipmentsareoperatedatworkshifts,theshiftrelievesystemshallbestrictlyfollowedsoastoclearlydefineresponsibilities.2.所用机械设备应勤保养、勤维修，保持良好使用状态。Alltheequipmentsandmachinesshalldotheserviceandmaintenancesregularly,soastokeepingoodcondition.3.作业过程中遗留下来的混凝土砂浆应及时清除干净。257A版优质实用文档 7A版优质实用文档作业过程中应及时清除台车和运碴车轨道上的异物，防止脱轨翻车。Theconcretemortarleftduringtheconstructionshallberemovedandcleanedintime.Theforeignmattersontherailwayfortheplatformcarrierandtheballasttruckshallberemovedtimelysoastopreventfromrunningofftherailsandturnover.十二、通风Airsupply1.隧道空气质量和环境的数据应每天报给工程师。用来登记常见有毒气体（一氧化碳，一氧化氮，二氧化碳），粉尘及氧气的检测仪器应该在现场一直保持正常工作状态。检测仪器应用在整个开挖过程中进行检测。ThedataoftheairqualityandenvironmentinthetunnelshallbesubmittedtotheEmployer’sEngineereveryday.Thetestinginstrumentforcheckingthepoisonousgas(carbonmonoxide,nitrogenoxideandcarbondioxide),dustandoxygenshallbekeptingoodconditionallthetimeonthesite.Thetestinginstrumentshallbeusedfortestingduringthewholeexcavationprocess.2.对隧洞通风排烟进行严格的技术设计，在排烟阶段在洞口悬挂安全警示牌，避免炮烟中毒事故；施工中发现有风管破损时，立即进行修补，确保不中断供风，保证正常施工；为减少洞内烟尘，出碴时，可在碴堆面洒水降尘；开挖出碴全部采用有轨运输，电气设备，减少废气；爆破后洒水喷雾；通风管维修、修补，确保风管不漏风；通风管安装，必须保证平、直、顺，尽量紧靠拱顶，尽量不使下托，以免影响运输净空。Stricttechnicaldesignshallbemadeforventilationandsmokeextraction.Forthesmokeextraction,thesafetywarningplateshallbehangedatthetunnelportalsoastoavoidtheblastingfumepoisoning.Ifitisfoundthatthewindpipeisdamagedduringtheconstruction,thewindpipeshallberepairedimmediatelysoastoguaranteethecontinuousairsupplyandnormalconstruction.Inordertoreducethedust,theballastmucksurfaceshallbesprinkledduringmucking.Therailtransportationshallbeadoptedformucking,andtheelectricequipmenttobeusedcanreducethewastegasdischarged.Thewatersprayingandsprinklingshallbeadoptedaftertheblasting.Thewindpipeshallbemaintainedandrepairedsothatthereisnoairleakageinthewindpipe.Thewindpipeinstallationshallfollowtheprincipleof“Level,Straight,Smooth”,andclosetothecrownasmuchaspossible.Thebottomplateshallbetriedtoavoidsoasnottoaffectthetransportationclearance.257A版优质实用文档 7A版优质实用文档3.在工作人员进洞前十五分钟开机通风，工作过程中，每二十分钟通风一次。洞内通风设施的安装、拆除、使用、检查、维修等要有专人检查养护，确保供风管路不被损坏。Themachineshallstartforsupplyingairintothetunnelfor15minutes,andthenthepersonnelcangointothetunnel.Duringtheconstruction,theairshallbesuppliedevery20minutes.Theinstallation,removal,checkandmaintenanceoftheairsupplyequipmentsinthetunnelshallbecheckedandmaintainedspeciallybysomepersonnelandmakesurethatthewindpipeisnotdamaged.257A版优质实用文档