四川省德阳市联创花园施工组织设计

第一章工程概况第一节工程地点、结构形式、开竣工时间等工程名称：德阳市联创花园34#楼。建设地点：德阳市黄河路以北,与天山路交汇处。结构形式：框架结构。计划工期：320天。质量标准：合格。开工日期：2013年6月19日。竣工日期：2014年4月5日。设计单位：XX建筑设计有限公司。建筑总面积：总建筑面积4265.98㎡。建筑高度：层数6层,局部7层，1层层高3.900m,2层层高3.300m，3~6层层高均为3.000m。本工程室内外高差为0.150m，建筑高度为23.090m。本工程主体结构设计合理使用年限为50年。本工程具体位置见总平面图定位图，抗震设防烈度为6度，设计基本地震加速度为0.05g，Ⅱ类场地，实际特征周期为0.35s本工程所标注尺寸为以mm单位，标高以m为单位。第二节工程特点及难点我方在场地布置、材料运输方面进行了精心组织，以满足施工和进度要求。同时合理设置施工营地，作好临设布置、施工机具、周转材料、原材料、半成品堆放的合理规划，有利于本工程的顺利施工和有序进行。加强现场的动态管理工作，为确保工程施工任务顺利完成打下良好的基础。主体施工阶段为解决厕卫间渗漏，卫生间现浇板及止水带砼施工时确保骨料级配合理，加强现场监控。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 找坡前先将基层清理干净，根据地漏的面标高高出5mm，拉线找规矩，拉坡度线，再进行C20细石砼找坡及水泥砂浆找平。找平层的泛水坡度应在2%以上，不得局部积水，与墙交接处及转角均抹成小圆角。凡是靠墙的管根处均抹出5%坡度，避免此处存水。施工时控制好标高，注意预留35厚二次装修面层。做好后，进行试水检查，确保无积水后方可进行下道工序施工。在做防水之前，在以下部位用建筑密封膏封严：穿过楼板的立管四周、套管与立管交接处、大便器与立管接口处、地漏上口四周等。涂料必须经过抽样检测合格后才能使用。进行一布四涂施工时，确保厚度。每次涂刷，应先对地漏、管道根、阴阳角和出水口等容易漏水的薄弱部位均匀涂刷，不得漏刷。下一层涂膜在上一层涂膜后，涂膜因化到不粘手时再进行，且刮涂方向必须与上一遍刮涂方向垂直。涂刷时四周沿墙上翻150mm高。立管根部处理：管根灌缝堵洞时，四周宜形成凹槽，尺寸以15mm×15mm为宜，然后将管根清理干净后才嵌缝。用聚氨脂密封膏嵌槽，并用油灰刀向内使劲挤压，饱满，密实无气孔，密封膏与管根口四周砼必须粘接牢固。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 第二章　施工总体布署第一节组织机构设立一、施工组织机构的建立我公司在本工程施工中严格由公司优秀的项目经理组建的项目经理部来负责此工程的具体施工管理。项目经理预算员安全员施工员质量员土建班组安装班组材料员nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 二、施工组织机构的启动与高效运作1.根据本工程的情况及特点，有针对性的组建项目班子，并且入选一旦经过甲、乙双方确认，全班人马将处于启动状态，未进场之前，可根据设计要求积极为本工程做好开工前的准备工作（材料、机械、技术等准备工作与策划工作），并且以满足本工程需要为前提，中途不变换人选。2.根据项目经理部的工作实际，具体明确每个项目管理人员的责、权、利，使全体管理人员有条不紊、忙而且有绪地开展工作，从而较大幅度地提高项目经理部的工作效率，有效促进整体管理实力的强化，使项目经理部管理体系有更多的精力和时间来分析运筹各种复杂的管理局面，做到项目整体下活一盘棋，充分发挥每个棋子的作用，并且决策有的放矢，成竹在胸，不打无把握之仗。3.以已制定的各项管理制度来指导、督促、规范每个管理人员的工作质量、效率。变“人管理人”、“人盯人”为“制度管理人”，这样形成赏罚分明的先进管理模式。管理人员职责一览表职别职责内容项目经理全面负责工程项目施工管理、生产经营活动。技术负责人负责工程技术管理工作，参与经营决策，协调各专业技术施工的交叉作业。责任工长按图纸、规范、施工方案组织施工，保证工期和质量、管理各专业工长和现场劳动力的使用。模板工长负责模板配板、支模工作管理、工程进度和质量。钢筋工长负责钢筋放样、制作、绑扎工种管理、工程进度和质量。装饰工长负责抹灰、地坪、墙地砖、天棚、油漆等工种管理工程进度和质量。测量员负责建筑物及楼面的测量放线、定位抄平工作。预算员工程结算。微机管理员微机应用及操作员。质量检查员落实各项质量控制措施，工程质量监督、检查。安全员落实各项安全生产措施，工程安全生产监督、检查。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 资料员工程技术档案管理；技术核定。第二节质量目标一、建立健全质量保证体系和技术保证体系，充分发挥其作用，为工程创优铺路。二、在整个施工过程中推行全面质量管理，克服质量通病，确保工程质量优良。技术保证体系：公司坚决贯彻“百年大计、质量第一”的方针，牢固树立“预防为主”的思想。在施工过程中，通过认真学习、严格执行技术交底制度，精心组织、精心施工，确保工程质量达到合格。第三节工期目标充分发挥建筑施工企业的优势，依据公司质量体系文件规定，制定出严格的质量、安全、工期的控制措施，大力采用新技术、新工艺、新材料，以科技进步推动施工生产，密切与建设单位、设计单位及其它周边相关单位之间的联系，强化项目管理，精心组织施工，确保优质高速地完成施工任务。为使各项目标全面实现，现详述如下：本工程工期为320天，结合施工组织设计，对进度计划的可行性进行了深入研究，并结合本工程的特点，对施工进行了细致的安排和筹划，对每一道工序的安排做到合理高效，在确保施工质量目标的前提下，公司对工期提出了如下目标：从2013年6月19日-2014年4月5日，共计320天。时间紧迫，因此我施工方会尽快做好施工准备工作，认真复核图纸，进一步完善施工组织设计，落实重大施工方案。第四节文明施工目标为保持施工现场周围清洁的环境，我们设专人打扫清洁等措施，做到物流有序、工顺畅文明施工，确保现场管理达到市级文明施工样板现场。第五节安全生产目标本工程安全管理实行标准化，确保达到市级“安全施工标准化”工地。完善安全措施，提高安全意识，施工中跟踪控制检查到位消除隐患，防患于未然，杜绝死亡和重伤事故发生，月工伤频率控制在1.5‰以下，一次通过市安全生产管理部的安全达标认定，达到市优良等级。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 一、施工安全方面施工现场杜绝重大伤亡事故及机械设备事故，轻伤率控制在2‰内。二、消防安全方面施工现场杜绝火灾火警事故。三、治安管理方面施工现场治安管理必须达标，无刑事犯罪案件，消除“六害”行为。第六节环境保护目标一、施工环境目标本工程现场临近居民居住区，环境保护尤为重要。我公司在保持以往文明施工优良传统下，针对本工程制定更加严谨的环境保护措施。在确保工程质量和工期的前提下，树立现场全体员工环保意识，自觉保护公共设施，最大限度减少对环境的污染。环境保护的意义在于：保护和改善施工环境是保证人们身体健康和社会文明的需要；是消除对外部干扰，保证施工顺利进行的需要；是现代化大生产的客观要求；是节约能源、保护人类生存环境、保证社会和企业可持续发展的需要。第三章　施工进度计划安排第一节施工进度计划总体安排一、进度计划本工程总工期320天，其中基础部分，即从进场开始挖土至基础回填为60天，主体共6层，共130天，从开始施工到主体用水争取在10天内完成。主体验收分二段进行，一层验收一次，第二次验收后立即插入装修，屋面及室内外装修100天，场地及资料整理、竣工验收、收尾30天。具体安排见：施工进度计划表。整个工程施工原则为：先地下后地上，先基础后主体，充分利用平面、空间和时间，组织平面立体流水交叉作业，为及早插入装修和各专业施工创造条件，做到科学管理均衡施工。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 本工程为一个流水段进行平行流水作业，在主体施工阶段又分别按每层划分小流水段，按自下而上的顺序进行平面小流水作业。主体施工基本程序为：砖砌体→构造柱圈梁砼→安装板→砖砌体。主体验收后，屋面工程在主体完成后进行，随后插入抹灰工程和楼地面等工程，外墙饰面与室内装修可以和屋面工程同时穿插进行，门、窗柜安装与外墙饰面同时完成，安装工程的预埋预设按设计要求随土建工程的进度进行。第二节保证施工进度的措施一、工期指标采用先进的网络进度计划，先进的施工方法和技术措施，提高施工速度，达到各分部分项工期控制点要求，在320天内完成业主要求的整个施工任务。二、质量指标采用全面质量管理方法对施工质量进行系统控制，分部分项工程优良率必须控制在95%以上，中间验收合格率100%，并实行工程质量奖罚制度。制度如下：1.总承包方遵循“谁施工、谁负责”的原则，对各分包单位进行全面质量管理和追踪管理。2.凡各分包单位在施工过程中违反操作规程，不按图施工，屡教不改或发生了质量问题，总承包方有权对分包单位进行处罚，处罚形式为整改、停工、罚款直至赶出本工地。三、劳动生产率指标提高劳动生产率，实行项目承包，层层签定承包合同，健全承包制度，以调动全体参战人员劳动积极性。四、安全指标：严格执行施工安全生产责任制，加强安全生产教育，积极做好危险区域、危险。工种的安全防护工作，做到无工伤死亡事故，年度轻伤频率控制在3‰左右。第四章　施工准备工作第一节技术准备一、组织学习图纸，进行会审nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 通过学习图纸，熟悉图纸内容，了解设计要求和施工达到的标准，明确工艺流程，掌握和了解设计图纸细节。由建设单位、设计单位、土建、安装单位共同进行图纸会审，彻底将施工图纸所存在的问题消除在施工之前。二、编制施工方案、预算、加工计划、进度计划、资金使用计划施工方案是统筹规划该工程进行施工准备和正常施工的全面性技术经济文件，同时也是编制施工图预算以保证施工顺利进行的先行技术文件之一，是施工交叉搭接、流水顺畅进行的先决步骤，作好施工前的预算、加工、进度计划步骤安排，方可保证原材料、半成品、成品构件等按时进场待检。第二节施工准备工作一览表现场准备序号准备工作内容规格规模完成时间备注1门卫室15开工前2天2施工方办公室20开工前2天3材料库房20开工前2天4砂石堆场20开工前2天5页岩砖堆场20开工前2天6钢筋加工棚20开工前2天7工人宿舍120开工前2天8食堂26开工前2天9厕所15开工前2天10材料检验按批次材料进场后11配合比设计书6种材料进场后12塔机安装进场前2天安装完毕第三节直运输机械及主要机具的选择本工程垂直运输机械，主体施工时采用QTZ4008型塔机一台；装饰装修阶段在现场布置1台门架，具体位置详“施工总平面布置图”。本工程主要施工机械及机具的选择详见下表：nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 主要施工机械机具一览表序号机械名称规格单位数量功率（单台）备注P1（KW）P2（KVA）1塔式起重机QTZ4008台131.12强制式搅拌机JDY350台215.553钢筋对焊机HN1-75.2台2254钢筋切断机WJ40-2台25.55电焊机台2276钢筋弯曲机WJ40-1台237钢筋调直机QJJ4/8台25.58蛙式打夯机H201D台21.59园盘锯M3Y-200台2310压刨MB904台2411插入式振动器HZ-50台21.112平板振动器台21.113振动桩锤DZJ--60台11.8nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 安全防护用品投入计划一览表序号名称规格单位数量备注1安全帽塑料顶602安全带尼龙付603安全网尼龙平方米800密目式安全网4焊工手套双105焊工面罩个106砼工水鞋双207砼工防护衣套208钢笆平方米5009安全标志牌个510泡沫灭火器个611漏电保护器个612干粉灭火器个413低压灯泡只4014低变压器台215临边洞口防护网尼龙平方米100密目式安全网16临边洞口防护钢管米100nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 第四节　施工现场临时用电一、临时用水设计1.水源本工程施工、生活、消防用水均来自施工现场北面业主提供给水井一座。现场设一座30m3水箱作为供水设备。2.用水量计算（1)现场施工用水量计算q1=k1∑Q1N1T1t•K2(8×3600)q1—施工用水量L/sk1—未预计的施工用水系数（1.05～1.15）Q1—每天砌筑量（以事物量单位表示）200m3/dN1—施工用水定额（1700～2400）L/m3T1—天数dt—每天工作班数K2—用水不均衡系数（1.05）据公式有q1=1.05×200×1700÷（3×1.05）÷(8×3600)=3.94(L/s)（2）施工机械用水量计算：q2=K1∑Q2N2•K3/(8×3600)Q2—同一种机械台数（5台）N2—机械台班用水定额K3—机械用水不均衡系数（1.05）据上式有q2=1.05×5×1500×1.05÷(8×3600)=0.29(L/s)（3）施工现场生活用水量计算（4）q3=P1N3K4/(t×8×3600)P1—施工高峰人数（700）nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof N3—施工现场生活用水定额（20～60L/人）K4—施工现场生活用水不均衡系数（1.05～1.15）t—每天工作班数（取2班）据现场情况q3=700×40×1.05÷(2×8×3600)=0.51L/s)q1+q2+q3=3.94+0.29+1.02=4.74(L/s),根据建筑施工规范要求，消防用水量为10L/s.应以消防用水量计算。最大配水管径计算d=Q—耗水量（L/s）d—配水管径V—管网中流速（1.2m/s）据以上计算d==0.1（m）所以取最大配水管径为DN100根据工程最大用水量计算，现场设置DN100的入户管能满足用水量要求，可以按消防要求设置主要给水干管。3.供水管网设置现场施工用水和消防准备:进水干管处设总水表井一座。现场埋地做一条生活用水干管，沿道路内侧做施工及消防干管，主管管径为DN100，根据现场情况,在相应位置留口,分别接以不同的管径,供机械、施工用水。二、临时用电设计施工用电以满足施工中各种机械设备的用电和生活用电的需要，电源由建设单位提供的电源引入施工现场总配电箱，箱内安置漏电开关，严格按照“三相五线制”和“三级用电两级保护”以及“一机一闸一箱一漏”实施运行。其用量计算（按用电高峰期计算）1.总负荷计算S=[K1（∑P1/cosφ）＋K2∑P2]×(γ+1)式中P—施工用电计算负荷（kva）nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof P1—电动机额定功率装机容量（kw）P2—电焊机额定容量（kva）γ—照明用电量占总用电的比率取γ＝０.1cosφ—电动机的平均功率因数取cosφ＝0.75K1、K2——电需要系数取K1＝K2＝0.5所以可得出以下数据S＝[0.5×626.5/0.75+0.5×332]×1.1=642kVA/3=214kVA2.配电线路设置临时用电从业主提供的的配电箱引出，系统拟采用TN-C-S配电系统（即三相五线制），设总配电箱1台，分配电箱3台，开关箱50台。由总配电箱至分电箱间采用VLV22-13×120+2×70mm2电缆直埋敷设。3.临时用电安全技术措施架设线路必须根据施工现场临时用电规范采用TN-S三相五线制配电系统，实行三级控制，二级保护，即总变压器到总配电箱，总配电箱至各分配电箱，各分配电箱至各开关箱三级控制，二级保护是分配电箱和开关箱内必须设漏电保护器，以防止施工用电不发生安全事故。4.现场临时设施（1）临设临时道路和围挡根据施工现场条件，按业主指定范围搭设临时围挡。满足消防和运输的要求，现场内道路形成环路，并在大门内侧设置汽车清洗站，车辆出厂前用水管冲洗干净，以减少车辆出场后的环境污染。（2）生产、生活临时设施生产、生活临时设施结合创建安全文明工地建设要求，减少对业主的干扰。具体内容详见《现场平面布置图》。第五节劳动力配备项目部自带与我公司常年配合成建制的民建队伍，一方面可作为技术性较强项目的基本施工队伍，另一方面可解决因农忙而走人的问题。该部分人数应保证正常施工现场所需劳动力的60%nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 以上。对于部分劳动力配置量大的施工项目，在施工计划安排时，尽可能与农忙季节和春节假期错开，减少农忙季节和春节假期对劳动力的需求，避免因回家的人员过多而影响工程的正常进行，确保工期进度。施工阶段所需劳动力配备情况列于下表。劳动力需用计划一览表序号工种人数进场时间工作内容1钢筋工10根据工程进度需要进退场钢筋2水工10供水3砖工25砌砖4砼工6砼5架工3搭架6抹灰工20抹灰7涂料工10涂料8细木工5细木9油漆工10油漆10石工5砌石11电焊工1电焊12机修工2机修13普工30打杂14试验工2试验15水电工3水、电16其它1打杂本劳动力需用表人员数量为动态管理，人员高峰时约30人左右。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 第五章　现场总平面布置图一、塔吊安装位置由于本工程施工现场场地狭小，塔吊的安装放置在建筑物正立面。二、根据临时用水、临时用电施工方案，完成临时水、电管网的布设工作。三、建立现场测量控制网：根据勘测单位给定的永久性坐标和高程控制点，按照建筑总平面图要求，进行施工场地闭合导线和水准线路控制网的布设，设置工程施工的临时控制测量标桩（网）。四、组织施工机具进场：根据需用量计划，按施工平面图要求，组织施工机械、设备和工具进场，按规定地点存放，并应进行相应的保养和试运转等项工作。1.现场出入口及道路本工程的现场地面及道路全部用混凝土地面硬化处理，在临时设施、材料堆场、路边均设置排水篦子，场内排水由路面顺坡进入排水篦子，经沉淀处理后，统一汇入市政管道。2.垂直、水平运输设置本工程在结构施工期间：地下室施工阶段布置1台塔吊；办公楼设计1台塔吊。为满足混凝土的需求，由汽车泵配合固定泵输送砼，将混凝土直接输送到工作面，可大大提高砼的供应能力和施工速度。3.原材料及加工场地的布置水泥、砂石等原材料、钢筋半成品和木工房布置尽量在塔吊吊运范围之内，施工现场全部围档，进行封闭施工，与周围的环境相隔开（具体布置详见施工总平面图）。为保证结构施工期间的现场道路的顺畅，材料进场严格按照计划执行。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 第六章　施工测量、定位放线第一节定位放线土建/房屋工程施工放线是从建筑物定位开始的，一直到主体工程封顶都离不开施工放线。大致分三个阶段：建筑物定位（放线）、基础施工（放线）和主体施工（放线）。一、建筑物定位，是房屋建筑工程开工后的第一次放线，建筑物定位参加的人员是：城市规划部门（下属的测量队）及施工单位的测量人员（专业的），根据建筑规划定位图进行定位，最后在施工现场形成（至少）4个定位桩。放线工具为“全站仪”或“比较高级的经纬仪”。二、基础施工放线，建筑物定位桩设定后，由施工单位的专业测量人员、施工现场负责人及监理共同对基础工程进行放线及测量复核（监理人员主要是旁站监督、验证），最后放出所有建筑物轴线的定位桩（根据建筑物大小也可轴线间隔放线），所有轴线定位桩是根据规划部门的定位桩（至少4个）及建筑物底层施工平面图进行放线的。放线工具为“经纬仪”。基础定位放线完成后，由施工现场的测量员及施工员依据定位的轴线放出基础的边线，进行基础开挖。放线工具：经纬仪、龙门板、线绳、线坠子、钢卷尺等。小工程可能没有测量员，就是施工员放线。注意：基础轴线定位桩在基础放线的同时须引到拟建建筑物周围的永久建筑物或固定物上，防止轴线定位桩破坏了，用来补救。三、主体施工放线，基础工程施工出正负零后，紧接着就是主体一层、二层...直至主体封顶的施工及放线工作，放线工具：经纬仪、线坠子、线绳、墨斗、钢卷尺等。根据轴线定位桩及外引的轴线基准线进行施工放线。用经纬仪将轴线打到建筑物上，在建筑物的施工层面上弹出轴线，再根据轴线放出柱子、墙体等边线等，每层如此，直至主体封顶。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 施工放线有多种方法，条件允许的场地只要钉多一次龙门桩就可以搞定，一般龙门桩主要用于基础施工放线，基础完工后再把轴线及水平引测到基础上部四大角的侧面，用墨线弹出垂直、水平线做出三角标记，在引之前需用基准点校验龙门桩是否准确，这样不管你放N多次线只要以基础侧面的基点用仪器或铅垂向上引测轴线，用钢尺量测标高，这样就可以到主体封顶。这种方法是最简单实用的说白了就是把图纸上的形状按1:1的比例投放到地面上。但要学会看图纸，学会必要的仪器操作。线工是个综合性很强的工种，不仅要掌握各种仪器的操作，而且得能识图，并且能快速地记忆数值，要求精确的操作等等。首先学会水准仪、经纬仪的操作，然后学习识图，最好是能画图，接着熟悉图纸，从放大线开始，确定轴线位置，最后放局部轴线，弹出墙体留置洞口等等，只有多练习，勤问人，等你放一两栋楼的线就会慢慢熟练的。后者如果会用经纬仪或全站仪那就简单多了，只要根据图纸已知的控制点或现场确定的控制点，图纸上的距离、角度关系就可测量确定轴线的具体位置。具体一点：1.一般情况下是在预先选好的内控点位置上预埋钢板，用经纬仪在钢板上找出交点，刻痕，做为竖向投测轴线的基点，然后用大线锤怎样往上吊比较方便。用线锤尖对准轴线的基点，当线锤对准基准点时，用对讲机通知楼层上人员定位。在对准下方吊锤时，对点人员要从两个相互垂直的方向观测吊锤尖部与钢板的点位差值，并通知楼上人员及时调钢丝线中的位置，当从两侧方向锤尖与十字中都重合时，可通知上层定点。至于钢丝线的弹力问题确实是存在的，关键是在于楼层上的放钢丝线的绞线轮要经过特制，可以进行微小高度调整，并能可靠的锁定，这样放线时就比较方便了。2.高层因层高高及有外脚手架，故线锤法及外控法均不适宜，可采用内窥法.即在每个楼层的同一位置留两个预留孔，通过这两个孔将下面楼层的轴线引上来，如留3个孔的话，经纬仪都可不用，仅线锤和钢尺就可完成放线。3.+-0.000以下采用外空法，即打好控制桩，用经纬仪投测轴线.+-0.000以上采用内控法，即用经纬仪将控制轴线投测到首层平面上，首层平面在可通视的位置上预埋钢板，用经纬仪在钢板上找出交点，刻痕，做为竖向投测轴线的基点，然后用铅垂仪以此点向上可引测轴线n层.高层放线普遍用的就是内控法．具体讲在建筑轴线附近平行与轴线找一合适的距离我一班找1米左右这个位置予埋钢板，在钢板上找出交点，刻痕，做为竖向投测轴线的基点，然后用铅垂仪或激光经纬仪以此点向上可引测轴线n层.比如你现在nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 从一层向二层引，你对准一层的点用激光经纬仪向上打，在二层用玻璃接住从下面传来的点就是了．然后从二层这个点往回量1米那就是建筑物轴线的位置了．四、测量工作程序1.机构设置针对本工程建筑小区内地形复杂、占地面积大、单位工程多、建筑高度大的特点，我公司在本项目技术部下设专职测量小组，测量小组主要由一名测量工程师和各区段两名技术人员组成，场区导线控制网作业人手不够时由项目工程部其它人员配合。2.职责划分(1)测量小组负责从规划部门接收导线控制点、施工现场控制网的建立、楼层控制线投测、标高引测、沉降观测及其它重要部位的施工测量；测量工程师还负责对项目计量器具的管理、日常维护及检测。(2)施工员根据测量小组给定的楼层控制轴线放出柱、墙体的控制线，梁的位置线和预留、预埋位置线。(3)项目技术负责人负责对轴线控制网进行复核，项目质量员负责对施工员所施测的梁柱边线、控制线进行详细复核。工。第二节施工测量一、控制网的建立1.场区控制网因基础施工阶段地形变化大、地势错阶起伏，单位工程数量多，为实施有效测量控制，开工初在场区内设置由二～四个桩位形成的导线控制网(场区四周边及中间高处各布一点，保证通视即可)，场区控制网是单位工程轴网设置的依据，控制网用全站仪进行投测。2.nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 单位工程轴线控制网单位工程轴线多且密集，根据建筑物特点选择有代表性的轴线设置轴线控制网。控制桩尽量设在开挖区外原始地坪上；另外在基坑底部及长轴线中部加密设置辅助性控制桩，以便于基础施工测量。工程开工后，测量小组根据规划局给定的坐标点以及总平面布置图中建筑物角点标注坐标作为放线依据。由于两幢住宅楼及车库轴线关系较复杂，根据施工图设计的主轴线，对Ｂ车库的桩基础，采用极坐标法放桩位，方法是，先按总图坐标，计算出各桩位在总图上的坐标，再跟据点出的坐标和测设的场地控制网，将全站仪架在靠Ｂ车库的场地控制点上，定出各桩位的坐标，同时建好控制轴线。在建筑物外围将控制轴线引出。利用放出的控制轴线对各桩位进行复核。对于Ａ车库，先用全站仪定出事先在总图上点出的Ｑa轴上的两个轴线交点，再用DJD2-1GJ激光经纬仪配合50钢卷尺定出各主控制线，并以主控制线为中心线，用50m钢卷尺分出其它各条轴线，作为下一步柱基开挖线的放线依据。基础施工轴网设置详见附图。3.控制桩的设置方式所有位于土层上的控制桩点（含轴网控制点及高程控制点）均为砼墩埋地设置，砼墩截面为300×300，深度不小于500，做法如右图；桩面上用红油漆对桩号、轴线及高程等进行标示。若控制桩位于完整的基岩上，则可直接将控制点设在基岩面上。控制桩点设置完成后必须在桩的周围设置可靠、醒目的围护设施，对控制桩进行保护。二、标准层施工测量1.标准层施工时的控制网设定方式标准层施工轴线测量主要采取内控法对轴线进行传递和引测。在首层地面上设置内控点，并在建筑物外围设置外控点(控制网设定如下图示)。方法是：精确定出矩形控制网点（位置详下图），各点用100×100×10mm预埋钢板，表面用钢铳冲上标准点并作点号标记。2.控制线的引测进行上部结构施工时，在内控点位置留设100×100方形观测孔。在进行上部结构轴线投测时，将北京博飞DJD2-1GJ天顶垂准仪架设在内控点位上向上铅直投测至各结构施工层，然后用J2经纬仪、钢尺对所转点进行复核；经复核闭合后才能进行控制线及轴线的投测。结构每施工三层，测量小组对控制线必须进行一次校核：复核方式为采用内、外控制线相互比对方式。三、nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 高程测量基础施工阶段，高程测量直接用S3水准仪由地面上高程控制点进行引测。上部结构施工时，在首层施工完后，将高程控制点引至外壁无遮挡的柱身上，随结构上升，测量员用50m钢卷尺将高程向上传递。楼层内用水准仪将标高转至各相关构件上。上部结构施工时每个单体建筑物高程引测基点设置数目不得少于三个，结构每施工五层，高程点由测量工程师进行一次标定。结构施工中，应对建筑物主体倾斜率进行观测计算，计算公式为：i=tgα=ΔD/H式中：I——主体的倾斜率；ΔD—建筑物项部观测点相对于底部观测点的偏移值（m）；H——建筑物的高度（m）；α——倾斜角（º）。四、细部测量梁柱边线、控制线的测量：每楼层施工前，测量工程师将控制线、主要轴线施测完成后，施工员着手依据控制线、轴线对梁柱边线、墙柱控制线进行引测。所有墙柱放出边线和距边线200宽的控制线，墙柱边线作为焊接导墙筋的依据，控制线作为校核模板、验收模板的依据。五、沉降观测1.沉降点的设置三．设置沉降观测点的数目和具体位置根据规范和设计要求确定，在图纸会审阶段，施工单位、监理与设计院进行协商初步确定沉降点设置方案；待基础施工完成后，根据实际地质情况进一步细化沉降观测点的设置位置。为较好地进行沉降观测，施工现场内埋设的水准基点应有利于直接引测，且数量不少于两个，每次进行沉降观测时，事先核查基准水准点是否发生异常变化，正常后才能进行施测。沉降点的埋设方式为：先将带锚固脚的钢板埋入设计观测点柱身上，并按初步设定高程埋设，待模板拆除后，精确找出高程、焊上带观测点的角钢（如右图）。2.沉降点的测量(1)测量工具本工程沉降测量由测量工程师负责；沉降观测采用S1水准仪和毫米分划水准尺进行测量。(2)nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 测量频次正常施工阶段应保证每加载一次施测一次（每一结构层施工完毕观测一次）；主体结构竣工后每月观测一次；暴雨后观测一次；工程竣工交付业主使用前还需与业主共同观测一次后向业主进行沉降点的移交。(3)观测方法每次观测按固定后视点、观测路线进行，前后视距尽量相等，视距大约15m，以减少仪器误差影响。观测时间宜选择天气晴好的早晨或傍晚。(4)观测记录整理每次观测结束后，对观测成果逐点进行核对，根据本次所测高程与首次所测高程之差计算出沉降量并将每次观测日期、建筑荷载情况标注清楚，画出时间与沉降量、荷载的关系曲线图。测量工程师必须将每次观测结果及时向项目技术负责人、监理工程师进行汇报；若出现明显沉降量的变化或不均匀沉降时，项目技术负责人还应及时与设计、勘察部门联系，确定进一步观测的方案。六、施工测量的精度要求见下表单位工程测距测角竖向传递轴线点1/200005″4mm1/1000010″3mm测量放线是市政道路工程很重要的一项技术工作，贯穿于施工的全过程，从施工前的准备，到施工过程，到施工结束以后的竣工验收，都离不开测量工作。如何把测量放线做得又快又好，是对技术人员一项基本技能的考验和基本要求。1、做好开工前的测量交底  工程开工前，应在全面熟悉设计文件的基础上，由勘测设计单位进行现场测量交底，按设计图认清现场水准基点、导线桩、交点桩等，做好桩位交接记录，对位于施工范围内的测量标志，必须采取妥善保护措施。关于测量交底方面，需要强调的是桩位的保护，即在设计单位交桩以后，应及时采用砌砖墩或浇筑水泥墩等方法予以保护，以免丢失。这些桩一般在于农田或居民区内，很容易被人为破坏，而一旦破坏，再让勘测设计单位来补测，则既耽误施工，又要增加一定的费用。2nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 、中线复测和边线放样  中线测量是在定线测量的基础上，将道路中线的平面位置在地面上详细地标示出来。它与定线测量的区别在于：定线测量中，只是将道路交点和直线段的必要转点标示出来，而在中线测量中，要根据交点和转点用一系列的木桩将道路的直线段和曲线段在地面上详细标定出来。  设置护桩应注意以下几个方面：在道路的每一直线段上，至少应有三个控制桩要设置护桩，这样即使有一个控制桩不能恢复时，仍可用其他两点，把该直线段恢复到原来的位置上；两方向线的交角尽可能接近90°，不应采用小于30°的交角；护桩应选在施工范围之外，但不宜太远；护桩之间距离不能太远；所设护桩必须牢固可靠，桩位要便于架设测量仪器和观测。  曲线段边桩的护桩设置。对于曲线段，由于边桩的确定较麻烦，重新测设耗费时间较多，因此在一次精确放线以后，对曲线段的边桩中有代表性的桩位也应设置护桩，这样可减少重复测量工作，减少测量工作量。3、校对及增设水准点  其一，使用设计单位设置的水准点之前应仔细校核，闭合差不得超限，如超出允许偏差应查明原因并及时报有关部门。设计单位交付的水准点一般是几个月前设置。这些点位处于野外很容易被人为撞动或因地面自然沉陷而发生变化，所以使用之前一定要认真复核；其二，水准点的增设原则：相隔距离一般为150～200米，以测高不加转站为原则。增设水准点应与设计单位交的水准点闭合，如一个工程项目分几个标段，还要与相邻标段的水准点闭合，闭合差不得超限。  水准点位置，应设于坚实、不下沉、不碰动的地物上或永久性建筑物的牢固处。亦可设置于外加保护的深埋木桩或混凝土桩上，并做出明显标志。水准点应每月复核一次，对怀疑被移动的水准点应在复测校核后方可使用。4、纵横断面测量  通过中线复测、边桩放线和水准点的布设，就可进行纵横断面的测量。纵横断面测量的主要目的是进行土方量的计算，所以纵横断面测量结束以后，测量结果应与设计图纸核对。凡是与原来的成果在允许偏差之内时，一律以原有成果为准，只有当与原有成果有较大差异时，才能报监理工程师验证后改动。需要说明的是：该项工作，必须在施工前进行。如果实测土方量与设计不符报请监理核准时也应在施工前进行。有些工地路基开挖以后才向监理提出实际土方量与设计不符，要求增加签证，但最后监理拒签。所以一定要注意该项工作的时效性。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 5、施工测量做好以上工作以后，就为施工中的测量打下了良好的基础。关于施工测量的具体方法，有关测量的书籍上讲得很多，不须我多讲。只就此项工作提以下几点注意事项：(1).应根据施工工序和施工工艺的要求及时将中线、边线撒灰线放出，如果被破坏掉时要及时恢复，应使施工始终能有“线”可依。道路的结构层均为大放脚式，每层结构层的宽度、边线与中线的距离不同，放出线以后又很容易被施工的材料覆盖或被施工机械碾压破坏掉，所以每道工序施工前应放出，如果被破坏应及时恢复。(2)每层结构层的标高在施工前应根据设计图纸推算出来，实践证明：这样做会大大提高工作效率，可有效避免测量出现错误。看图纸一定要细致，推算的结果要注意复核。我在某些工地上见到，有些技术人员一边推算高程一边进行测量，工地上很多机械、人员、材料都在等着，在这种比较急的情况下，很容易忙中出错。所以标高应提前推算。要尽量把能够做的工作在施工前就做好。要勤测、勤量、勤校核，使施工质量得到保证。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 第七章各分部分项工程施工方法及技术措施第一节条形基础施工方案一、施工组织安排条形基础施工顺序：人工清槽平整基底→地基验槽→垫层的浇筑→定位放线→绑扎钢筋→水电预埋管件→支模→隐蔽验收→混凝土的浇筑→搭设支模钢管架→柱钢筋→钢筋隐蔽验收→混凝土的浇筑→隐蔽验收→回填土→砌砖→绑扎圈梁钢筋→钢筋隐蔽验收→混凝土的浇筑→回填土二、钢筋混凝土基础施工1.操作程序：垫层放线→绑扎基础板钢筋网片→绑扎基梁骨架→安放垫块。2.操作要点钢筋绑扎前，须在砼垫块上弹出轴线，柱中线及边线，然后绑扎钢筋，钢筋的直径、级别、根数和间距均应符合设计要求，绑扎必须到位。（1）绑扎基础底板时，按弹出的钢筋位置线，先铺底板下层钢筋，根据底板的受力情况，决定哪个方向钢筋在下面，一般情况下先铺短向钢筋，再铺长向钢筋，钢筋绑扎时，靠近外围两行的相交点，每点都绑扎，如采用一面顺扣应交错交换方向，也可采用“八”字扣，但必须保证钢筋不位移。（2）摆放底板砼保护层用砂浆垫块，每1m左右距离梅花型摆设，在绑完底板下层钢筋后，摆放钢筋马凳或支架（间距以1m左右为宜），在马凳上摆设纵横两个方向定位钢筋，钢筋上下次序及绑扣方法同底板下层钢筋。（3）基础梁钢筋绑扎时，一般先用绑扎架起上下纵筋和弯起钢筋。（4）套入全部箍筋，从绑扎架上放下下层纵筋，拉开箍筋按划线标志正确就位，将上、下纵筋按划线均匀排列号，绑扎牢固。（5）基础梁钢筋绑扎成型后，抽出绑扎架，把骨架放在垫层上绑扎成整体。（6）根据弹好的柱位置线，将柱伸出基础的插筋绑扎牢固，插入基础深度要符合设计要求，甩出长度不宜过长，其上端采取措施，保证甩筋垂直，不歪斜、不倾倒、变位。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 为保证基础底板钢筋网片的净距，砼垫层强度达到1.2N/mm²，在垫层上按间距用粉笔划线。基础底板钢筋绑扎时，为保证上下钢筋网片的净距，每平方米设置Ф12铁马凳支撑，绑扎丝一律朝内，以防开成渗水毛细通道。柱钢筋作预绑，并将部分箍筋与受力筋点焊为整体，就位准确后将锚固钩与承台焊实，柱钢筋采用钢丝做标网，校验精确后，四侧设Ф6钢筋拉杆上下焊牢，确保柱钢筋浇注时不位移。三、基础模板1.基础模板采用钢模板局部配以木模板一次拼装到位，使用钢管及扣件。首先在基坑内两端设模板内皮定位桩，并抄测模板上平线，然后拉线，模板底部的模板内皮线以外座1：2干硬性水泥砂浆，并依据上平线揉实找平，以防下口漏浆。模板与砼接触面应涂隔离剂，严禁隔离剂沾污钢筋，模板的接缝应严密不漏浆。2.模板下口采用木方，上口采用锁口钢管，中间采用40×1mm对拉钢片竖向双钢管可靠连接，间距均为≤750mm，保证模板具有足够的钢度和稳定性，防止变形。砼基础模板的标高、轴线、截面尺寸均应复核准确，拉结牢固，其支撑不允许直接支在松土上，支撑与槽帮土壤接触必须加垫木垫板，垫板要垫实、垫牢。四、基础砼浇筑1.混凝土配合比的确定及材料选择：按设计要求强度等级，通过试验确定具有良好的和易性和可泵性的混凝土配合比，同时掺加适当比例的MNC减水剂，以便使砼水灰比≤0.5的状态下满足12-16cm坍落度的最佳可泵性要求，并降低砼集料在泵送管中的阻力，选用含泥量≤1%的15-30mm连续级配石子，含泥量≤2%的中砂，原材料全自动计量偏差≤±1%。2.nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 混凝土搅拌及浇筑：及时测定砂石的含水率，以便调整混凝土拌合水用量。混凝土搅拌设备须保持洁净。混凝土搅拌时间不得低于规范要求。冬期施工拌制混凝土加热水、骨料加热，其温度应根据热工计算确定，且不得超过规范的规定值。混凝土浇筑前应频繁地做坍落度试验，直至符合要求。承台浇筑前，应根据其顶面标高在模板上弹出标高线，砼浇筑前必须将模板内地的垃圾、杂物清理干净，并浇水湿润，基础中的柱子预留竖向插筋用短钢管加以定位控制，并拉结牢固，以防止位移，同时检查钢筋保护层垫块，确认全部垫好后，才能浇筑砼。浇筑时拟采用一台砼输送泵由西向东。根据砼自然流坡，在前后左右布置4台插入式振捣器，分别设在下料点和坡角处，全面振捣，按40cm间距均匀梅花形排列，严防过振、漏振，插入下层深度5cm为宜，振至无大量气泡泛出和不再下沉为止。浇筑一层后，均匀布撒适量石子，填入石块应大面向下均匀分布。浇筑完毕，用铁滚子碾压一遍，初凝前用木抹子反复压数遍，防止砼表面龟裂和水分散发。3.施工段安排（1）土方开挖工程（2）验槽、浇筑垫层（3）模板及砼条基施工（4）砖基础砌体工程（5）防潮层布置（6）对地基与基础进行认证（7）验收钢筋，现浇板砼施工4.基础验收准备工作养护期满，且基础表面无蜂窝现象，准备好砼、钢筋的隐蔽资料和砼、钢筋的检测报告，待监理、甲方、质监等检查验收。5.轴线控制方法根据测绘部门测设的定位线，用经纬仪测设主轴线以及各轴交点中心桩，建立现场的平面控制方格网。依据建设单位及规划部门指定的建筑红线，采用经纬仪平行移动法，在建筑物四周,不易碰撞的部位测设各轴线标准控制桩，并用C20混凝土护牢，基础施工前应在建筑物的主要轴线设置标志桩，随后用灰线及木桩标出建筑物基槽开挖边线，作为的挖土的依据。五、施工段安排按照施工进度表的时间安排进行施工段的安排。六、基础验收准备工作1.根据地勘资料及结构施工图中的要求，基础局部采用3：7连砂石换填，换填后地基承载力特征值不小于200Kpa。2.地基处理完毕，地基承载力检测合格后，会同建设单位、地基处理单位进行中间验收，验收时应对坑底平整度，坑底标高进行复测，并作好中间验收记录。3.nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 基坑应进行验槽，基坑内浮土、积水、杂物应清除干净，验收合格后再进行基础垫层施工。七、基础回填土1.当基础的现浇混凝土浇筑完毕达到一定强度，不致因回填土而受损坏时，方可进行回填土。结合本工程的特点，采用人工配合推土机进行回填。2.基坑回填土前，沟槽内的积水和有机杂物等要清除干净。3.基坑回填时应在相对两侧或四周同时进行。回填土料、每层铺填厚度和压实等要符合要求。4.推土机填土时自下而上分层铺填。大坡度推填土时，也应分层推平，不得居高临下，不分层次，一次推填。在宽敞的地带采用推土机推填，推土机前进时推填，后退时将土刮平，用推土机来回行驶进行碾压，履带应重迭一半，采用纵向铺填顺序。5.场地狭小的独立基础处回填土时，由于推土机无法进入作业，采用人工进行回填土。（1）人工回填时采用手推车送土，人工用铁锹等工具进行填土。（2）回填时由场地最低部分开始，由一端向另一端自下而上分层铺填，深浅坑相连时，先分层填深坑，相平后与浅坑全面分层填夯。6.回填土应从最低处开始，由下向上整个宽度分层铺填碾压或夯实.7.为保证填土压实的均匀性及密实度，提高碾压效率，在碾压机碾压之前，先用推土机推平，使表面平整。碾压机械压实填方时，要控制好速度和压实遍数。碾压机与基础要保持一定的距离，防止将基础压坏。8.每层填土控制300mm厚左右，回填完一层后，采用柴油打夯机及时夯实。为了保证回填土的回填质量，保证日后不产生下沉，在施工回填土时，要严格按规范施工。夯压时，一夯压半夯，夯夯相接，行行相连，每遍纵横交错，分层夯实。9.对有密实度要求的填方，在夯实或压实之后，要对要对每层回填土的质量进行检查，填土压实后的干密度要满足设计要求。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 第二节主体工程施工方案一、底层钢筋混凝土框架结构施工凡进场钢材均应有钢材出厂合格证，成捆钢筋应有产品标牌，进场后应按炉罐（批号）抽取试样，合格后方可使用，钢筋加工前，要有技术交底，并放大样确定其形状、尺寸，加工过程中若发现脆断，焊接处性能不良或力学性能显著不正常现象，应对该批钢筋进行化学成份检验及其他专项检验。1.钢筋的贮存进场后钢筋和加工成型的钢筋根据其牌号，分类堆放在枕木或砖砌成的高300mm间距2m的垄上，以防锈蚀，并应及时进行状态标识，严禁任意堆放。2.钢筋加工钢筋加工的规格、形状、尺寸必须符合设计图纸的要求和规范规定，钢筋的表面应洁净、无损伤，钢筋表面的油渍、铁锈应在使用前清除干净。带有颗粒状或片状老锈的钢筋不得使用。采用冷拉方法调直Ⅰ级钢筋，冷拉率不大于4%，钢筋切断时，必须将裂缝、缩径或严重的弯头切除，受力Ⅰ级钢筋的末端，必须做180º弯钩，其弯弧内直径不应小于钢筋直径的2.5倍，弯钩的弯后平直部分长度不应小于钢筋直径的3倍，钢筋作不大于90º的弯折时，弯折处的弯弧内直径不应小于钢筋直径的5倍，对有抗震要求的结构，箍筋弯钩的弯折角度应为135º，箍筋弯后平直部分长度不应小于箍筋直径的10倍。钢筋加工集中配料现场加工成型，根据钢筋配料单、分品种规格使用部位分类挂牌堆放，使用时按配料单领取，用塔吊运至使用部位。3.钢筋的焊接钢筋的焊接质量必须符合有关标准，搭接长度必须符合设计要求和规范规定，焊接接头不宜设在梁端和桩端的箍筋加密区范围内，应设在受力较小的部位，且焊接接头距钢筋弯折处的距离不应小于钢筋直径的10倍，无论采取哪种焊接方式，焊工必须持证上岗，钢筋焊接前，先根据施工条件进行试焊，经试验合格后，方可进行现场施焊。闪光对焊：基梁内及矩形梁内纵向钢筋采用闪光对焊，任一焊点接头中心长度为钢筋直径的35倍，且不小于500mm的区段内，同一根钢筋不得有两个接头。闪光对焊的操作方法：采用闪光—nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 预热闪光焊的操作工艺，应首先进行闪光，当钢筋端面已平整时，应立即预热闪光及顶锻过程，闪光对焊时，应选择调伸长度，烧化留量，顶锻留量以及变压器级数等焊接参数，首先连续闪光，最后进行顶锻，完成整个闪光焊接过程，需要预热时，宜采用电阻预热法预热，留量应为1-2mm，预热次数应为1-4次，每次预热时间应为1.5-2s，间歇时间应为3-4s，顶锻留量应为4-10mm，并应随钢筋直径的增大而增加，预热闪光焊时的烧化留量不应小于10mm。电渣压力焊：电渣压力焊适用于竖向钢筋的接头，其施工方法：先清理钢筋端部120mm的污物，根据上部钢筋的长度，搭设相应的脚手架，以供辅助工，扶直上部钢筋，将夹具的下钳口夹牢，下部钢筋70-80mm部位，将上部钢筋扶直，并夹牢于上钳口内约15mm处，保持上下钢筋同心，安放焊剂盒，用石棉布等密封焊剂盒下口，同时装满焊接，采用直接引弧法。焊接时，先将上钢筋与下钢筋接触，接通电源后，立即将上钢筋提升2-4mm，引燃电弧，使电弧稳定。燃烧后，随着钢筋的饿熔化而逐渐下送，并转入电渣过程，待钢筋熔化达到一定程度后，在切断焊接电源的同时，迅速进行顶压，持续数秒后，可松开操作杆，以免钢筋偏斜或接合不良，钢筋上提和下送均应适当，防止断路或短路。4.钢筋绑扎框架柱钢筋绑扎（1）操作程序：调整插筋位置→套箍筋→绑主筋→绑箍筋。（2）操作要点1）调整从基础或楼面上伸出的插筋。2）计算好柱子共需多少个箍筋，并按箍筋弯钩叠合处需要错开的要求，将箍筋逐个整理好，并全部套入插筋上。3）然后立柱子钢筋画箍筋间距线，在立好的柱子竖向钢筋上按图纸要求用粉笔划股金间距线，绑扎时，按要求间距由上而下采用缠扣绑扎箍筋、箍筋的绑扣相互间应呈八字形，箍筋转角与主筋的交叉点应逐点绑牢，根据抗震构造要求，柱箍筋端头应弯成135º角，平直长度不小于10d。二、现浇梁钢筋的绑扎1.操作程序：模板上划箍筋线→放箍筋→放主梁主筋→放主梁架立筋→绑扎。2.操作要点nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 清理模板上杂物，用粉笔在模板上划好主筋，分布间距按划好的间距，先摆设受力主筋，后放分布筋，预埋件，电线管、预留孔等及时配合安装，绑扎楼板钢筋时，一般应顺扣或八字扣绑扎，除外围两排钢筋的交叉点全部绑扎外，中间部位的相交点可交错成梅花状绑扎。双层配筋时，网片中间应加设用Ф12钢筋制作的铁马凳，呈梅花型布置，以保证有效高度。3.钢筋的保护层控制：柱梁主筋的保护层厚度为25mm，现浇板的保护层厚度为15mm，垫块采用1：2水泥砂浆制作，经养护达到标号后使用，现浇板每1m见方设一块，其间距一般为1.2-1.5m。4.钢筋验收：砼梁柱钢筋绑扎时，主筋间排距一定要准确，主筋要求绑扎到位，如梁、柱四角主筋应贴紧箍筋角，主筋与箍筋绑扎必须牢固，不准缺扣，松扣。钢筋绑扎完毕，应组织项目部自检，发现问题解决后，填写钢筋隐蔽验收记录，请建设单位，监理单位，共同参加钢筋验收，主要检查钢筋使用品种，规格型号，数量位置。预留洞、预埋件的位置是否符合设计要求及施工规范规定，检查模板内的杂物是否清理干净，对提出的问题应认真全面整改。在砼浇筑过程中，需安排2名钢筋工值班，对施工过程中被踩乱、移位变形的钢筋负责修整，以确保钢筋隐蔽质量。5.模板工程技术措施（1）结构选型：框架柱模选用竹胶合板工具式开梁口定型柱模，柱箍采用Ф48×3.5脚手钢管@500，边长≥700mm的柱，中间加设Ф14mm对拉螺栓、现浇梁板采用Ф15mm厚双面覆塑优质竹胶合板模板，加固材采用80mm×100mm优质木方，间距小于400mm时，跨度按小于700mm控制，以确保模板满足强度和刚度要求，以符合清水砼要求。（2）主要验算项目：砼浇筑时的侧向张力，对拉螺栓的抗拉强度，模板弹性模的侧向变形和整体稳定性。（3）模板加工：采用竹胶合板模板，用专业切割机裁割竹胶合板，模板外边线及模板与模板接缝处用刨子刨平，保证平直光滑，以防出现毛边、破槎。竹胶合板裁口处涂刷封边漆保护，以免竹胶合板遇水变形，阴角处木背楞做成企口式，以防止漏浆，加工完成的模板均要检查几何尺寸、平整度及刚度，验收合格后在表面满刷一遍隔离剂，以便防止渗透污染砼面，使脱模后砼面色泽一致，达到清水砼的观感效果，干燥后堆放在平整处备用。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof （4）模板安装：施工中应确保框柱模板定位准确，梁板标高准确，确保支撑牢固稳定和构件规格尺寸准确，无跑模、胀模、漏浆、错台、位移等现象，施工缝、后浇带留槎齐整，模板支撑在原结构上或土上时，支撑立柱底部应垫木板，扩大支撑面积，宜采用通长的60×300方木铺垫，同时保证上下层支撑立柱对齐，以防上层混凝土的浇筑荷载影响下层。现浇梁板的施工过程中，采用早拆支撑体系（包括撑和带支撑）进一步提高施工速度。并采用《快速校验架柱模测量技术》进行测控，以确保框架柱的垂直度和成排顺直度及加快施工速度。模板接缝处应采用不干胶带封闭。框架梁柱模板（1）采用事先配置好的竹胶合模板、模板应由编号，先将柱子使之垂直，用定型柱套箍固定，销铁插牢。型钢托箍卡距≤500mm，以保证几何尺寸准确，转角及连接件支设可以实行牢固，缝隙要严密，控制在1mm以内。以防倾倒，柱的接头处加设定型柱箍紧固模板，以防止接头处胀模、漏浆。（2）对模板的轴线位移，垂直偏差，对角线、扭向等全面校正，并安装定型斜撑，或将拉杆和斜撑在预埋楼板的钢筋环上，每面设两个拉（支）杆，与地面呈45度角。（3）在支柱上调整预留梁底模板的高度，符合设计要求后，拉线安装梁底模板并找直，在底模上绑扎钢筋，经验收合格后，清除杂物，安装梁侧模板，将两侧模板与底板连接，用梁、卡具或安装上下锁口楞及外竖楞，附以斜撑，其间距一般宜为65cm，当梁高超过60cm，需加腰楞并穿对拉螺栓加固，梁侧模上口要拉线找直，用定型夹子固定。（4）为保证现浇梁上口的截面尺寸，必须在其上口用Ф12钢筋短棒作顶撑，设置间距1000mm，从而确保其截面尺寸。现浇板摸板本工程楼面现浇板模板采用竹胶合板，下设80×100mm方木龙骨纵向横向间距≤400mm，跨度按不小于700mm控制，上面满铺胶合板模板。楼板模板铺设接缝要严密，表面要平整，相邻两板表面的高低差不大于2mm，模板之间缝隙采用不干胶带贴缝，避免砼浇筑过程中产生漏浆。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 模板支撑系统附件要安装牢固，物松劲现象，模板应拼缝严密，保证不变形，不漏浆，模板要认真刷脱模剂，以保护模板利于拆模，增加周转次数。拆除模板时不能硬砸乱撬，模板不能随意乱抛，防止变形及损坏模板和砼。粱柱、梁板、接头用梁板接缝处理：梁柱、梁梁接头处采用小型模板拼装，即柱模板由下往上，梁模板自中间向两端延伸用大模板，靠近接头处采用小模板（300-500mm）拼接，以利于接头处模板拆除。所有接头处阴角模板接口均加工成45º坡口，梁板交接处模板拉通线安装，其拼缝处亦加工成45º坡口，拼装完毕后，再沿模板阳角处长向弹线，并用刨子修理，使其线条顺畅，整齐美观。模板拆除：现浇梁板模板拆除时，根据砼的温度增长曲线，推算出其强度，保留梁板上的点状支撑后进行大面积拆除，为尽可能多的增加模板的周转次数，保证周转模板的质量继续获得清水砼的效果，拆模按支撑的倒顺序进行。先拆大模板，再拆小模板，先拆结构不台复杂的部位的模板最后拆除梁柱接头，梁梁接头及梁板交接处等复杂部位的模板，要保护模板，严禁强行砸撬模板和砼结构，拆卸后及时清理，并修理受损伤的模板，用腻子和油漆修复模板上的孔眼，检查合格后涂刷隔离剂，堆放备用。6.混凝土工程为确保混凝土浇筑质量，必须对组成混凝土的原材料严格把关，在水泥、砂石运至施工现场后，在建设单位（或监理公司）监督下，随机抽样，送试验室试验并做试配，根据试验室配合比施工，砼拌制前应测定砂、石含水率并根据测试结果调整材料用量，提出施工配合比，砂石要逐车过磅计量，专人记录。（1）混凝土的搅拌其投料顺序是：石子→水泥→砂子，每次装料数量应符合搅拌筒容量，搅拌混凝土前，搅拌机应加水空转数分钟后，将积水倒净，使搅拌筒充分湿润，混凝土应搅拌至各组成材料混合均匀，颜色一致。在搅拌机中搅拌时，自全部材料装入搅拌筒起，到混凝土由筒中开始卸料止，其延续时间不少于90秒。混凝土的坍落度控制在3-5cm之间。（2）混凝土的浇筑成型1）混凝土的浇筑过程中，必须保证在混凝土浇筑时不发生离析现象。混凝土自高处倾落时，自由倾落度不应超过2米，如高度超过2米，混凝土要沿串筒或溜槽下落。振动棒在操作时要做到“快插慢拔”nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 。快插时为了防止先将混凝土表面振实而与下层混凝土产生离析现象。慢拔是为了使混凝土能填满振动棒抽出时所成的孔洞，在振捣过程中，宜将振动棒上下略为抽动，以使上下层砼5厘米左右，以消除2层之间的接缝，每一插点要掌握好振捣时间，过短不宜振实，过长可能引起混凝土产生离析现象，一般每点振捣时间为20-30秒，同时应视混凝土表面呈水平，不再显著下沉，不再出现气泡，表面泛出灰浆并呈水平为宜。2）框架柱混凝土浇筑柱子施工前,应清除基础或下层柱头,把松动的混凝土或杂物清理干净,用水把接头清洗干净,支模时还应再接头处留处清扫口,模板支好后进行清扫冲洗,检查接头干净无杂物时方可把清扫口堵死,浇筑时,先在底部填5-10cm厚与混凝土内成份相同的水泥砂浆,浇筑柱子时,每个柱子2-3人,一人下料、一人掌握振捣器，为了掌握混凝土的虚铺厚度，减少对箍筋的冲击，以免产生变位，宜采用铁锨下料，用“面浆”法下料，即锨背朝上，往箍筋中间扣，这样石子在下面，砂浆多在上面，由于每层振捣完毕后，混凝土的砂浆泛到上面来，当扣锨时，石子在前面，从高处落下扎入砂浆层中，使该层的砂浆在石子的冲击下向柱模四周扩散，跟在石子后面的砂浆则被留在面上，这样下料的优点是始终使砂浆充满四壁模板和混凝土面上。当柱子浇满一个分层厚度时，即插入振动器进行振捣，当混凝土不再下沉，全部见浆时，从上往下看而光亮后，即停止振动。3）现浇梁混凝土浇筑梁板应同时浇筑，浇筑方法应由一端开始用赶浆法浇筑，即先浇筑梁，根据梁高分层浇筑成阶梯形达到板底位置时再与板的砼一起浇筑，随着阶梯形不断延伸，梁板砼浇筑连续向前进行。梁柱节点钢筋较密时，浇筑此处砼时宜用小粒径石子同强度等级和砼浇筑，并用小直径振动棒振捣，浇筑砼的虚铺厚度应略大于板厚，用平板振捣器顺浇筑方向来回拖拉振捣并用铁尺检查砼的厚度，振捣完毕后用长抹子抹平，施工缝处或有预埋件及插筋处用木抹子找平，浇筑板砼时，不允许用振动棒摊砼。4）施工缝的留置nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 现浇混凝土施工缝的位置应再混凝土浇筑适当确定，并宜留置在结构受剪力较小且便于施工的部位，柱施工缝可留在基础顶面，现浇梁、现浇板底面标高处，单向板的施工缝可留置在与主筋平行和任何位置。有主次梁的楼板施工时，顺着次梁的方向浇筑，施工缝留在次梁跨中1/3范围内，现浇楼梯的浇灌自下跑、平台、上跑依次进行，其施工缝宜留置在楼梯段中间1/3范围内，留置梁板施工缝时，应用模板垂直堵严，防止混凝土因振捣而流成坡槎，施工缝处再次施工时，必须先将接触面凿毛至露出骨料，但不要伤及骨料和接缝的边角，用清水冲洗干净，铺一层1：2水泥砂浆，厚度为2-5cm，在砂浆终凝前浇筑混凝土。砼的养护：立面砼采用养护剂进行养护，拆模后立即安排进行涂刷，平面砼采用覆盖塑料薄膜保潮养护的方法，使砼表面湿润即可，施工期间，浇水养护应保证砼在浇筑后7天内处于足够的湿润状态。、二、砖砌体结构施工1.填充墙砌体工程砌加气砼砌块、粉煤灰砌块：（1）现场存放场地应劣实,平整,不积水,码放应整齐。装运过程轻拿轻放，避免损坏。并减少二次倒运。（2）基层处理：将砌筑加气混凝土墙根部位的砖或混凝土带上表面清扫干净，用砂浆找平，拉线，用水平尺检查其平整度。（3）根据墙体尺寸和砌块规格，妥善安排砌筑平面排块设计，尽可能的减少现场切割量。根据砌块厚度与结构净空高度及门窗洞口尺寸切实安排好立面、剖面的排块设计，避免浪费。（4）加气混凝土砌块的部位在结构墙体上按+500mm标高线分层划出砌块的层数，安排好灰缝的厚度。在相应的部位弹好墙身门洞口尺寸线，在结构墙柱上弹好加气混凝土墙的里面边线。标注窗口位置。（5）砌筑前应在墙根部先砌好三层实心砖，或做成混凝土带。门洞两侧可浇筑钢筋混凝土小立柱，作为边框，也可以在砌筑同时按规定间距摆放混凝土预制块（内埋木砖），用来固定门框。（6）砌墙的前一天，应将加气混凝土墙与结构相接的部位洒水湿润，保证砌体粘结牢固。（7）遇有穿墙管线，应预先核实其位置、尺寸。以预留为主，减少事后剔凿，损害墙体。（8）按照设计要求预先在结构墙柱上每1米左右焊好预留拉结钢筋。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof （9）砌筑时按墙宽尺寸和砌块的规格尺寸，按排块设计，进行排列摆块，不够整块时可以锯割成需要的尺寸，但不得小于砌块长度的1/3。竖缝宽度20mm，水平灰缝15mm为宜。当最下一匹的水平灰缝厚度大于20mm时，应用豆石混凝土找平层铺砌。砌筑时，满铺满挤，上下丁字错缝，搭接长度不宜小于砌块长度的1/3，转角处相互咬砌搭接。双层隔墙，每隔两皮砌块钉扒加强，扒钉位置应梅花错开。砂浆强度等级按设计要求规定。（10）加气墙与结构墙柱联接处，必须按设计要求设置拉结筋。设计无要求时，竖向间距为500毫米左右，埋压2Ф6钢筋。埋直平铺在水泥灰缝内，梁端伸入墙内不小于70毫米。未预留拉结筋部位，需要用粘结砂浆粘结，粘结砂浆的重量配合比为：水泥：108胶：中砂（用窗纱过筛）=1：0.2：2。砌块断头与墙柱接缝处各涂刮厚度为5毫米的粘结砂浆，挤紧塞实，将挤出的砂浆刮平。（11）墙体应有可靠的拉结。一般每0.5米的高度预留2Ф6钢筋伸入墙内，平铺在灰缝内作为拉结。当墙的高度大于3米时，应按设计规定作钢筋混凝土拉带。如设计无规定时，一般每隔1.5米加设2Ф6或5Ф6钢筋带确保墙体的整体稳定性。（12）砌块与窗口连接1）如采用后塞口时，将预制好埋有木转或软件的混凝土块，按洞口高度在2米以内每侧砌置三块，洞口高度大于2米时砌置四块，混凝土块四周的砂浆要饱满密实（如门框的用料为黄花松，每侧应砌置四块混凝土块）。安装门框使用手砖在边框上先钻好顶眼，然后用钉子将门框与混凝土内的木砖钉牢。2）可以将门窗洞口周边作程钢筋混凝土边框，边框与门窗木框边缝的余量每变为15毫米，混凝土边框内在留木砖或铁埋件。门窗上口及窗洞口一般可做成钢筋混凝土拉结带，且诶全长贯通，以增加气混凝土墙体在门窗洞口等薄弱部位的整体性。3）如采用先立口时，砌块和门框外侧均涂抹粘结砂浆5毫米，挤压密实，同时校正墙面的饿垂直、平整和门框的位置。随即每侧在门框上均匀的钉三个将钉帽砸扁的钉子与加气混凝土块钉牢。方法是钉子预先钉在门框上，且钉帽外露，待砌筑高度超过钉子时，再往砌块里钉。4）门洞上角过梁端部或其他可能出现裂缝的薄弱部位，应钉涂有防锈漆额铅丝网，减少抹灰层裂缝。5)门窗过梁部位，当洞口宽度小于500米时，又无钢筋混凝土带，可采用三个砌块先加工成楔形，用粘结砂浆事先粘结成过梁状，经自然养护2～nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 3天之后使用，砌筑时先在门窗口上槛及压脊部位铺粘结砂浆后安装就位。当洞口宽度小于500毫米时，上口可按上述做成钢筋混凝土拉结梁。（13）砌块与板（或梁底）的连接：现浇板的底部（梁底），应预留拉结筋，便于与加气混凝土墙体拉结。当板或梁底未事先留置拉结筋，先在砌块与板接触处涂抹粘结砂浆，用力挤严实，每砌完一块用小木楔（间距约６００毫米）在砌块上皮紧贴板（或梁底）背紧，用粘结砂浆填实，灰缝刮平．或在底板（梁底）斜砌一排砖，以保证加气混凝土墙体顶部稳定、牢固。2.墙体留槎方式，墙拉筋埋设1）作业人员随意留槎的现象很普遍、很严重，常常表现为留设直槎、阴槎现象，由于接茬塞砌的砂浆不饱满、灰缝不均匀、接茬灰缝不顺直、锚拉钢筋放置长度不够等原因，经常出现一些因砌体接茬、搭接处理质量不好造成的墙体裂缝，或者是在使用环境“因素”作用下被扩大的裂缝问题，致使接茬处的砌体质量将得不到保证。2）施工过程中留槎处置不当的原因分析①砌筑工人长期不按照规范规定操作施工，习惯于错误的留槎操作方法，图方便、省事。②施工管理人员对正确留槎的重视程度不够，认为不会对结构安全造成影响，管理过程没有严格要求。③混淆“L”形转角、“T”形、“十”字形连接处有构造柱和没有构造柱处理的区别。④管理人员不能正确处理进度和质量的关系，或者是没有合理安排、规定正确的接茬处理方法。⑤施工安排不当，不能同时纵、横墙砌筑。⑥砌体施工，留斜槎操作工作量大，操作不方便。以上操作和管理的原因，是留槎处置不当成为砌筑施工长期得不到解决的“质量通病”之一。3）解决问题的方法对策①nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 必须加强对操作工人的工艺、工法知识的学习，强化规范标准的教育培训，培养操作人的执业能力。操作工人的技能学习应由地方政府劳务输出培训部门负责，或者由劳务资质企业委托培训，劳动行政主管部门或建设行政主管部门颁发操作者从业资格证书；由用人劳务资质企业负责对工人规范标准的培训和项目施工技术质量的管理，从源头抓住质量意识和知识培训关。②劳务承包方（劳务资质企业）必须根据施工项目总承包管理者的要求，按照《施工组织设计》或《项目管理规划》规定，编制班组向操作工人的技术交底工作。③墙拉筋埋设主要是混凝土柱或剪力墙的连接，一般采用构件上预埋铁件加焊拉结钢筋或植墙拉筋的方法。三、砌体质量要求1.砌筑工程的施工准备（1）装卸砌块时，应堆放整齐，严禁倾卸丢掷。（2）砌块堆放应符合要求：砌块的堆置高度不宜超过1.6m，垛与垛之间应留有适当的通道。（3）砌体施工前，应先将砌筑面抄平，然后按图纸放出轴线。2.操作工艺（1）拌制砂浆砂浆采用机械拌合，手推车上料，磅称计量。材料运输主要采用井字架作垂直运输，人工手推车作水平运输。（2）根据试验提供的砂浆配合比进行配料称量，水泥配料精确度控制在2％以内；砂、石灰膏等配料精确度控制在±5％以内。（3）砂浆应采用机械拌合，投料顺序应先投砂、水泥、掺合料后加水。拌和时间自投料完毕算起，不得少于1.5min。（4）砂浆应随拌随用，水泥砂浆和水泥混合砂浆必须分别在拌成后3h和4个时内使用完毕。3.组砌方法（1）砌筑应上下错缝，内外搭砌，灰缝平直，砂浆饱满，水平灰缝厚度和竖向灰缝宽度一般为10mm，但不应小于8mm，也不应大于12mm。（2）转角处和交接处应同时砌筑，均应错缝搭接，所有填充墙在互相连接、转角处及与混凝土墙连接处均应沿墙高设置26＠500通长拉结筋。对不能同时砌筑而又必须留置的临地问断处应砌成斜搓。如临时间断处留斜搓确有困难时，除转角处外，也可留直搓，但必须做成阳搓，并加设拉结筋，拉结筋的数量按每12cmnthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 墙厚原放置一根直径6mm的钢筋，间距沿墙高不得超过50cm，埋入长度从墙的留搓处算起，每边均不应小于50cm，末端应有90°弯钩。4.砌筑砌筑的施工顺序砌筑遗留的必须补齐检查柱上的预留连结筋弹划平面线顶部砌体安装或现浇门窗过梁（1）排砖撂底：一般外墙第一皮砖撂底时，横墙应排丁砖，前后纵墙应排顺砖。根据已弹出的窗门洞位置墨线，核对门窗间墙、附墙柱（垛）的长度尺寸是否符合排砖模，如若不合模数时，则要考虑好砍砖及排放的位置。所砍的砖或丁砖应排在窗口中间、附墙柱（垛）旁或其他不明显的部位。（2）选砌块：选择棱角整齐、无弯曲裂纹、规格基本一致的砖。（3）盘角：砌墙前应先盘角，每次盘角砌筑的砖墙角度不要超过五皮，并应及时进行吊靠，如发现偏差及时修整。盘角时要仔细对照皮数杆的砖层和标高，控制好灰缝大小水平灰缝均匀一致。每次盘角砌筑后应检查，平整和垂直完全符合要求后才可以挂线砌墙。（4）挂线：砌筑一砖厚及以下者，采用单面挂线。如果长墙几个人同时砌筑共用一根通线，中间应设几个支线点；小线要拉紧平直，每皮砖都要穿线看平，使水平缝均匀一致，平直通顺。（5）砌筑：砌砖宜采用挤浆法，或采用三一砌砖法。三一砌砖法的操作要领是一铲灰、一块砖、一挤揉，并随手将挤出的砂浆刮去。混凝土砌块与砖操作时砌块要放平、跟线。砌筑操作过程中，以分段控制游丁走缝和乱缝。经常进行自检，如发现有偏差，应随时纠正，严禁事后采用撞砖纠正。应随砌随将溢出砖墙面的灰迹块刮除。内外墙的转角处严禁留直搓，其他临时间断处，留搓的做法必须符合施工规范的规定。（6）木砖预埋：木砖应经防腐处理，预埋时小头在外，大头在内，数量按洞口高度确定；洞口高度在1.2m以内者，每边放2块，高度在2~3m者每边放4nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 块。预埋木砖的部位一般在洞口上下四皮砖处开始，中间均匀分布。门窗洞口考虑预留后安装门窗框，要注意门窗洞口宽度及标高符合设计要求。（7）门窗过梁为现浇钢筋混凝土过梁，在砖墙上的支承长度不小于240mm；当支承长度不足时，应按过梁与柱、墙直接连接处理。当门窗洞边无砖墩搁置过梁时，采用在相应洞顶位置的混凝土墙、柱上预埋铁件或插筋，以便和过粱中的钢筋焊接。安装过梁、梁垫时，其标高、位置及型号必须符合设计图纸要求，座浆饱满。如坐浆厚度超过20mm时，要用细石混凝土铺垫，过梁两端伸入支座的长度应一致。四、质量控制方法，措施1.砌块的品种、强度等级必须符合设计要求。2.砂浆品种符合设计要求，强度必须符合下列规定：（1）同品种、同强度等级砂浆各组试块的平均强度不小于1.0fm.k（2）任意一组试块的强度不小于0.75fm.k（3）砌体砂浆必须密实饱满，实心砖砌体水平灰缝砂浆饱满度不少于80%。五、脚手架工程1.脚手架施工（1）为了确保安全生产、文明施工，依据建设部颁发的“一标三规范”以及本工程施工组织设计的总体要求，编写本脚手架工程专项施工方案。（2）本工程外墙脚手架为围护架，主要采用落地式双排钢管脚手架，搭设高度为20米，为了保证足够的行人安全，拟采用二层安全挡板，从第二层开始支设安全挡板。（3）落地式双排钢管扣件脚手架拟采用Ф48×3.5MM，钢管及扣件，搭设应在土方回填夯实后进行，作好排水坡度，脚手板按二层数量配备并随主体施工进度及时跟进，保证高出墙体（楼面）1步架。并不得高于2步架，每搭设完一步架即挂好安全立网，超出部分严禁铺设脚手架。各层工作面满铺脚手板，首层必须设有安全平网，确保施工人员及行人安全。脚手架详图nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 底部措施整体落地式脚手架着力点为土壤，外墙边1.5M内土壤整平压实后浇筑50厚砂浆垫层，再铺通长150宽50厚木跳板作为扫地板，下设钢管扫地杆落在扫地板上。立杆纵向间距不大于1.8米，横向间距1.0米，里排离墙0.3米。相邻立杆接头要错开。对接用一字扣连接。大横杆间距1.8米，架子外侧两步架之间搭设栏干。钢管接头要错开，用一字扣连接。大横杆与立杆用十字扣连接。每面架内的纵向水平高低相差不应大于6CM。小横杆间距1.8米，两头搁于大横杆上，至少伸出100MM。端头离墙50∽100CM。小横杆与大横杆用十字扣连接。三步以上的小横杆加长，与墙拉接。2.脚手架与墙体连接措施每隔三步四个跨间跨间设置一道连墙杆。做法是：用Ф6钢筋绕过立杆与大横杆的连接点，与墙上预埋钢筋环或圈梁拉结，并用连杆顶住墙面；也可用小横杆加长，在墙壁里面卡上短钢管连接。（1）剪刀撑nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 设置在脚手架的转角、端头及沿纵向每隔7根立杆处。每档剪刀撑占两个跨间，最下面斜杆与拉杆的连接点离地面不易大于50CM，以保证架子的稳定性。钢管与地面呈45度到60度角，夹角用扣件连接。并随架子连续布置到顶。架体始终高出工作面2米以上，当架体高出周围建筑时，用Ф6.5钢筋作接地线形成避雷系统。每段架只限两个操作面作业，且施工荷载控制在200KG/M2内。（2）施工坡道为了方便施工材料上下，当结构施工到二层后在建筑西端外沿外墙边搭设施工斜坡，坡度不大于30度，钢管架设，与外墙架牢固连接，每跑均不少于三道栏杆，面铺七夹板或木跳板，钉小木方作防滑条。外侧用钢管打斜撑。（3）安全防护棚1)为防止施工时异物坠落,在主体2层设置防护棚。2)防护棚挑出建筑物（含外架）距离不得小于3m。3)防护棚具体做法为：每隔3m外挑1根斜钢管，钢边必须与架体用扣件连接，上面间距1m铺设横杆，横杆以1字扣连接，再铺设钢笆，最后用旧层板铺设密实。4)防护棚悬挑端头应设置栏杆，栏杆不低于1.2m，并不少于二道横杆，外面用密目式安全网封闭。5)每隔3m应设置斜拉杆，一端与斜撑钢管端头相连，另一端架体相连，保证防护棚的安全、稳定性。安全立网、平网采用安全监督站确认的合格产品。搭设好后须经本公司验收合格方可使用。施工中随时进行垂直度及沉降观测，保证施工安全。3.扣件式钢管脚手架的拆除分段拆除应作好整体连续的处理，拆除时划出工作区域，禁止行人进入；严格遵守拆除顺序，由上而下，后搭者先拆，先搭着后拆，一般是先拆除栏杆、脚手板、剪刀撑，而后拆小横栏、大横栏、立栏等；由专人统一指挥，上下呼应，动作协调，当解开与另一人有关的扣件时应先告知对方，以防堕落；所有材料、工具要用滑轮和绳索运送，不得乱扔。所有进场材料，采取出入登记制度，进场均应有材料合格证明，有怀凝时，应分批抽样送检；经验收合格材料，应整齐堆入在指定地点，且挂牌标示，杜绝不合格材料混入场内使用，不合格材料应封存标示，禁止使用。4.管材料要求nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof (1)锈蚀、弯曲、有裂缝的钢管严禁使用，使用的钢管应先作好防锈处理，使用的钢管应符合国标3号钢的技术要求，外径不少于48MM，壁厚不小于3.5MM。(2)有断裂、变形、滑丝的扣件，禁止使用，扣件使用前浸泡柴油作防锈处理后，才能使用，扣件活动部位应灵活转动，当扣件夹紧钢管时，开口处的最小距离应不小于5MM，直角扣件大于500件，旋转及对接扣件大于150件，批量在场350件以内，应用一批量验收，直角扣件的批量大于3000件时，还应进行扭转刚度试验样本数量为10件。(3)安全网：直接与建设部指定的厂家联系，采购使用合格的“竹福”牌密目式阻燃安全网，安全网进场时，应该对合格证及防伪标志，严禁假冒产品混入现场。(4)竹脚手板，全部采用新竹脚手板，竹脚手板进场时，应仔细检查竹片的好坏，扣紧竹片的螺栓直径不应小于8MM，间距在500~600，离板端200~250MM，且应现场作受力试验。钢筋工程是钢筋混凝土结构工程质量保证的关键一环。施工过程中要严把材质、翻样和下料、焊接、机械连接、绑扎、锚固、搭接、保护层厚度等的质量关和成品保护关，确保钢筋工程的质量，保证建筑结构安全。六、构造柱施工1.构造柱的作用（1）它可以加强纵横墙间的连接。 （2）它可以提高砖砌体的抗剪能力，虽然提高的比例不很大，试验表明：能提高砖体的抗剪承载力约为10～30％(提高幅度与墙体的高宽比，竖向压力应力，开洞情况等因素有关)能约束墙体的开裂，对限其裂缝开展，起一定作用。 （3）它与圈梁共同作用，加大了建筑物的整体度，类似框架结构，可称为"弱框架"，对墙体起了约束作用，墙体的四周处于双向双压状态使墙体横向变形减少，改善墙体受压的稳定性能从而提高墙体的承载力。2.构造柱的要求（1）多层砖房构造柱应符合：最小截面可采用240×180mm，纵筋宜采用441箍筋间距不宜大于250mm，且在柱上下端适当加密。7度时超过六层，8度时超过五层和9度时纵筋宜选用4414，箍筋@≯200ram，房屋四角处的构造柱可适当加大截面及配筋。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof （2）构造柱与墙体连接应砌成马牙槎并沿墙每隔500mm设2根拉结筋，每边伸人墙体内《lm。 （3）构造柱应与每层圈梁连接，隔层设置圈梁的房屋，应在无圈梁楼层增设配筋砖带；仅在外墙四角设置构造柱时，配筋砖带在外墙上应伸过一个开问：其它情况下，配筋砖带应在外纵墙和相应横墙上接通。配筋砖带的截面高度不小于四皮砖，砂浆强度不低于M5。 　（4）构造柱按构造设置，不需单独没置基础。当基础顶部设有圈梁时，构造柱可锚固基础圈梁中。 3.保证构造柱的技术和质量（1）首先要提高施工单位对增设混凝土构造柱必要性的认识。根据工程的不同施工条件和设计要求，有针对性地制订保证构造柱施工质量的技术措施，并严格执行。 （2）对于嵌在墙体中的钢筋混凝土构造柱，一般是先砌纵横墙，在墙体砌完后形成"柱腔"，即预留构造柱的位置。构造柱随着墙体和圈梁的分层砌筑和浇注，进行分柱段施工。为了，保证构造柱的中心线在同一条重直线上，必须使预留的"柱腔 位置准确。因而砌筑时要经常检查构造柱钢筋骨架的垂直度，钢筋骨架吊直校正后立即用墙体拉结筋固定其位置。然后在浇捣混凝土前将构造柱中心线引向圈梁模板或"柱腔"上口上，使钢筋骨架中心与柱中心线对齐。这样才能保证构造柱的正确位置。 　（3）设计为马牙搓的构造柱，从每层柱脚开始，砌筑时必须严格执行先退后前的原则，阻保证柱脚为大断面。每一马牙搓的齿高一般约为30cm(5层砖高)，齿深不小于6cm。当齿深为12cm时，其上口采用一层进6cm、再一层进12cm的方法，使马牙搓上口死角的混凝土能保证浇捣密实。 （4）钢筋骨架应随分柱段施工面分段梆扎，绑扎点要牢固可靠，避免错位和滑移。竖向搭接头长度一般为35d。构造柱箍筋应在圈梁上下均不小于1／6层高或45cm高度内，箍筋间距不大于10cm。对于沿墙体每隔500mm设置一道2根06拉结筋的要求，必须严格要求砌筑者随砌随放，并保证放入固定在密实的砂浆水平灰缝中。 　（5）nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 严格执行配合比搅拌工艺要求。粗骨料位径宜用2cm下，坍落度宜控制在5-7cm。分段浇注时要按规定留置相应试块。 （6）构造柱混凝土通常是分段浇灌的，一般每层作为一个施工段，柱段的施工高度不宜大于2m。每层柱的底部预留清扫口，便在浇灌前清扫柱模板内的砂浆、木屑、砖碴等杂物。新的混凝土柱段浇捣前，对衔接处的旧混凝土面需铲除松动石子，并用水冲洗。再用构造柱混凝土配合比中的灰砂量配置咸水泥砂浆，铺在旧混凝土面上，厚度为1～2cm，保证新旧混凝土结合有可靠的质量。 （7）构造拄振捣操作要设专人负责。浇注过程中设人对浇注柱段进行观察，以免出现漏浆、过振、中间受阻混凝土浇注不到位等现象。浇捣柱混凝土时，宜用插入式振捣棒分层振实。振捣棒随振随拨，分层振捣厚度不超过300mm为宜。振捣时严禁振动砖墙、钢筋，以免造成墙体松动、拉结筋脱开或钢筋骨架变位。浇注前必须浇水漓湿砖砌体和木模板，并封闭清扫口。构造柱与圈梁相交处必须同时浇捣。 七、楼梯施工现浇整体式全封闭支模是在传统支模施工工艺基础上增加支设楼梯踏面模板，并予以加固，使楼梯预先成型。1.楼梯栏杆预埋件的埋设。传统楼梯支模，混凝土浇筑后，在混凝土初凝前，将预埋件埋入，比较容易操作，采用全封闭支模后，由于无外露混凝土表面，所以给预埋件的预先埋设增加了一定的困难。我们将预埋件依据图纸设计位置通过用22#铁丝及铁钉将预埋件先固定在踏步模板上，然后再封模。2.混凝土浇筑：传统楼梯支模工艺属敞开式，混凝土浇筑方便，采用全封闭式支模后，混凝土入模，振捣有一定难度。混凝土的振捣是将振动棒从梯梁处直伸入梯模底部进行振捣，逐级向上提。为保证踏步混凝土的密实，同时用另一台振动棒在梯模表面进行振动，这样就保证了混凝土的密实性。对于单独的（与柱相连的）整体式楼梯，采用上述浇筑方法外，可利用休息平台分两次浇筑。3.楼梯踏面凹坑、麻面。由于楼梯四面被模板nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 封住，混凝土浇筑时有部分气体被封在模内及时排不出去，造成质量问题，在支踏面模板时，从第二级台阶开始每隔三个踏步用电钻钻2Φ20排气孔。由于楼梯采用全封闭式支模，使现浇混凝土楼梯在浇筑混凝土之前已经成型，这样就保证了楼梯的几何尺寸，同时也避免了前述传统工艺支模容易出现的四个质量总是楼梯拆模后混凝土表面光洁平整，棱角方正，观感和实测效果良好。另外，无论楼梯混凝土是否已经浇筑，采用全封闭式支模工艺支模的楼梯它都可用作施工层和下一层的施工人员上下通道，方便了施工，保护了半成品。同时，还能够减少混凝土和砂浆的浪费，降低工程成本。第三节装饰工程施工方案装饰装修施工原则是先粗后细，先室内后室外，先天棚、后地面、墙面。为了保证工期，应不适时机地采取室内、室外立体交叉施工，内墙罩面的施工在门窗框安装完，玻璃安装前施工。内、外墙抹灰均应打巴出柱，外墙分格及不同面层交接处均应弹线做到横平、竖直。窗眉、阳台下口和其它檐口线均应做成滴水线或鹰咀，针对本工程项目中的特点。一、抹灰工程施工1.内墙抹灰操作工艺：基层处理→浇水湿润→冲筋贴饼→抹底子灰→抹面层灰抹灰前，要将其墙体表面的灰尘、污垢、油渍清楚干净，尤其模板脱模后砼表面粘连的隔离剂及油污要用碱性清洁剂水溶液清刷干净，（基层表面凸凹不平处，事先用1：3水泥砂浆找平、补平）木门框与墙体连接处缝隙应用水泥砂浆（加少量麻刀）分层嵌塞密实。在抹灰前的一天要认真湿润墙体，开抹前在适当打水一次，对于平整光滑的砼面层及加气砼墙面要进行甩浆处理，用1：1水泥浆掺入10%界面剂的水泥浆做护角，其高度不低于2m，每侧宽度不应小于50mm。一般抹灰首先在墙阴角自上而下弹出垂直线，先做好标筋，用砂浆灰在标筋位置的阴角顶及底部各抹一个10cm左右的灰饼，吊直后再在两灰饼中间再做2个灰饼，之后根据墙角的准线拉线将灰饼找平，再把所有灰饼之间用砂浆找平，且不破坏已拉平标筋的面层，用长靠尺杆上下刮平后，有了这条灰线，便找出这个墙面的厚度和平整度，以及阴角的顺直和方正，用同一方法，做好同墙面的加一个阴角，这样便可开始抹灰，砂浆是从下向上抹，完成两条标准筋之间的抹灰，用靠尺杆轻而精心地刮平，以此逐一完成墙面底子灰。墙面阴角抹灰时，先将靠尺再墙角地一面用线锤找直，然后在墙角地另一面顺靠尺上抹上砂浆，顶棚抹灰前钢筋砼预制用水加10%火碱清洗油腻，并刷素水泥浆一道。抹灰前应在四周墙上弹出水平线，以墙上水平线为依据，先抹顶棚四周，圈边找平。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 内墙抹灰时绝不允许一遍成活，必须底灰找平，面层压光，抹门窗洞口处不准包框，框地厚度上下要显露一致，内墙面抹灰压光要平整，不显刀纹接槎，阴角要顺直方正，抹灰时，对安装工程预留的洞口、线盒要显露出来基标火或明显标记，不允许抹死，以防安装时剔凿墙面。2.外墙抹灰（1）基层处理：抹灰前要将墙体表面的灰尘、污垢、油渍清除干净，尤其是模板脱模后，砼表面粘连的隔离剂及油污要用碱性清洁剂水溶液清刷干净。在抹灰的前一天要认真洒水湿润墙体，抹灰前再浇一遍，使砖墙湿入深度8-10mm为宜，随即用掺加10%界面剂的水泥浆对砼及加气砼墙面进行甩浆处理，脚手架眼中的残灰渣要认真清理干净，再用水湿润，分层用砖堵塞，砂浆要饱满。（2）冲筋、贴饼：在外墙阴阳角及窗洞两侧依据装饰厚度挂垂直钢丝，并按水平和竖向间距均为≤1.5m贴硬饼。（3）打底、找平：采用1：3水泥砂浆打底7厚，初凝后再用1：3水泥砂浆找平7厚（混凝土面刮抹界面剂），砂浆内扚掺加适量膨胀开减水剂以提高外墙抗渗能力，并采用喷涂养护剂养护，以保证基层强度和不影响向下施工。（4）面层：待基层强度达到0.5Mpa后，弹出界格条水平线，采用喷雾器湿润墙面，拉线镶贴塑钢界格条，使其平整，顺直和上下垂直，确保界格条底部和两侧面灰浆饱满。然后按设计配合比，依界格条为冲筋，抹平罩面层，待稍收浆后用铁泥板找平、压实、压光，并检查阴阳角的方正与垂直、界格条处的密实、平整和墙面垂直、平整度。3.内墙瓷砖墙面镶贴（1）选砖：瓷砖要求方正、平整、无裂纹，棱角整齐完好，颜色均匀一致，表面无凹凸，扭翘等毛病。（2）基层处理：抹底灰，清洁墙面，提前一天，将墙面浇水湿润，按规定贴饼冲筋，找好方正，防止割半砖时出现大小头，影响观感。抹灰前，将墙面浇水湿润，分层抹1：3水泥砂浆，厚约12mm，刮平搓毛，24小时后浇水养护。（3）待基层灰六至七成干时，进行贴砖，排砖时从阳角开始，六洞口左右为整砖并自下而上进行，尽量将半砖留在阴角，排好砖后，在基层上弹好水平线及垂直控制线。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof （4）选好的砖放入清水中浸泡两小时左右，取出晾干后用水泥砂浆由下向上进行镶贴，先贴好阴阳角地排砖，做为墙面垂直、平整及砖间缝隙的标准，瓷砖镶贴时的缝隙不得大于1-1.5mm，阳角处要做90º对角，严禁空角，不允许边角掉刃，瓷砖贴好后，即时用铁钉把缝隙内的黑水泥划掉，再用白水泥勾缝。勾缝时应做到光滑无灰刺，缝隙外严禁有水泥。二、油漆工程施工1.刷油漆前要清理基层表面存在的污染物，对面层出现的孔眼、裂缝要用腻子修补完整，对木基层要满刮腻子，尤其是有眼的板面，腻子要擦实，腻子要横抹竖起，将腻子刮入钉或裂缝内，如接缝或裂纹较宽，孔洞较打时，可用刻刀将腻子挤入缝洞内，使腻子嵌入后乔平、收净。表面上的腻子要刮平，上下冒头、头等处均应抹到，待干燥后再用砂布磨光.打磨时选用1号砂纸打磨,注意不要磨穿油膜,并保护好棱角,不留腻子痕迹,磨完后应打扫干净,并用布将磨下的粉沫擦净。2.油漆应采用稀释剂调至适当稠度，在天气晴朗正温干净的环境中的涂刷，稀释剂添加过多操作时，刷子带油过多，漆膜太厚，喷具使用不当，出油量与喷油速度掌握不好，都会出现流坠。3.操作时应反复纵横趟别，在初凝前趟刷完，使其薄而均匀，靠本身张力平展消除刷纹，待下层油漆完全干燥后，磨砂纸擦干净，再刷上层，否则头遍油漆不干燥，就再次油漆，造成漆膜内湿处干燥或漆膜过厚，就会出现皱皮，施工时严格按设计层次和各层用漆种类分层施工。4.分色线处应用木压条盖严小面，小毛刷沿分色线仔细油刷修整平直，才能保证分色线清晰顺直，互不污染地面，门窗五金在油漆中除折页需要油漆外，其他五金都不需要油漆，也不须油漆污染，如果局部，污染，马上用松香水擦净。5.内墙刷涂（1）基层处理：涂料工程应待内外墙面，顶子的基层干燥的前提下施工，刷浆前应先把墙面上的会灰浆污染清理干净，墙面出现较严重的掉角、破皮，应由抹灰工用砂浆修补平直，如再现较小的孔眼裂纹，可用腻子抹平、抹实，表面光滑平整。（2）刮腻子：第一遍采用刮板横向满刮，一板紧接着一板刮，每刮一板最后收头时要干净利落。干燥厚用1号砂纸将少、浮腻子斑迹磨光，刮腻子要平，斜视检查墙面不再现不平整部位，阴阳角不直处要用腻子找补顺直。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof （3）刷涂：为了防止污染，刷涂前应对门窗、灯具、暖气、管道进行遮盖，刷涂时刷头带浆要少，如果有洹污染，不等浆膜干燥马上用湿布擦净，不同颜色的涂料，接触分色线要清晰，顺直，不能互相污染。关键部位要采用薄型塑料板或白铁条型板遮盖涂刷，刷涂工具要洁净，杂物不得混入浆液中，浆液发现有杂质要及时过滤，刷涂要三遍成活，最后墙面光滑无刷纹，正、斜视无接槎，分色线清晰。三、楼地面工程施工1.砼水泥楼地面（1）施工工艺砼垫层：在做砼垫层浇筑前必须在地面上抄平，做水平标高控制点，点与点的距离为2-2.5米，砼应拌合均匀，随铺随用表面振捣器振捣密实，用两米托线板刮平，再用木抹子压平、压实，砼浇筑完毕后，应在12小时以内用草帘等加以覆盖和浇水，浇水次数应能保持砼具有足够的湿润状态，浇水养护日期不少于7昼夜。陶粒砼垫层：在浇筑陶粒砼垫层之前，把粘结在基层上的松劲砼、砂浆用錾子剔除，用钢丝刷刷掉水泥浆皮，然后用扫帚扫净。根据墙上水平标高控制线往下量测垫层标高，有条件可弹在四周墙上，为了清除陶粒中的杂物和细粉末，陶粒进场后要过两遍筛，第一遍要用大孔筛，第二遍要用小孔径筛，使5mm粒径含量控制在不大于5%的要求，在浇筑垫层前应在陶粒堆上均匀浇水，将粒闷透水闷时间不少于5天。搅拌时先将骨料、水泥、水和外加剂计量允许偏差应小于2%，搅拌时先加细骨料、水泥和粗骨料，搅拌约1分2钟，再加水继续拌不少于2分钟，在已清理干净的基层上洒水湿润，涂刷水灰比宜为0.4-0.5的水泥浆结合层，铺已兼职的陶粒砼，用铁锹将砼铺在基层上，以做好找平墩为标准，将灰铺平，用木抹子搓平，或用铁滚压密实。水泥砂浆面层：在垫层的抗压强度达到1.2N/mm²nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 后，铺设水泥砂浆面层，抹水泥砂浆面层应先刷水灰比0.4-0.5的素水泥一道，随刷随铺水泥砂浆，随铺随拍实，在灰饼之间（或标筋之间）将砂浆铺均匀，然后用木刮杠按灰饼（或标筋）高度刮平。木刮杠刮平后，立即用木抹子搓平，从内向外退着操作，并随时用2m靠尺检查平整度。木抹子抹平后，立即用铁抹子压第一遍，直到出浆为止，如果砂浆过稀表面有泌水现象时，可均匀撒一遍水泥和砂（1：1）的拌合料（砂子要过3mm筛），再用木抹子用力抹压，使干拌料与砂浆紧密结合为一体，吸水后用铁抹子压平。面层砂浆初凝后，人踩上去，有脚印但不下陷时，用铁抹子压第二遍，边抹压边把坑凹处填平，要求不漏压，表面压平、压光。在水泥砂浆终凝前进行第三遍压光（人踩上去稍有脚印），铁抹子抹上去不再有抹纹时，用铁抹子把第二遍抹压时留下的全部抹纹压平、压实、压光。地面压光完工后24h，铺锯末或其它材料覆盖洒水养护，保持湿润，养护时间不少于7d当搞压强度达5Mnpa才能上人。2.板块楼地面操作工艺：基层→处理弹标高控制线→抹找平层→砂浆铺砖→勾缝、擦缝→养护→踢脚板安法（1）购货时认准箱上的统一尺码；进声扬后应套选统一尺寸和色泽；凡是质量不合格的，如确楞、掉角、裂纹、划痕、表面有麻点、严重翘曲（翘曲在0.5毫米以上的），规格尺寸偏差过大的（偏差大于0.5毫米的）均不得使用。（2）铺贴前应统筹排板，具体做法是：在进行地面排版时，先弹好坐标控制线，从房间的中心向两边分进行统筹考虑，当房间进深与开间最后一块不一定是整块板块，这时要使两边靠墙处的板块宽度宽度对称，且采用大半砖镶贴，不准出现小条砖，铺贴前一定要将基层灰浆清扫干净，再打细石混凝土垫层，找平底子灰，铺贴时确保各房间门口节点处缝格和图案统一；铺贴时抄平弹线找方，先铺好两侧靠墙处各一行，使接缝均匀2毫米，且符合大局方整，以此为标筋拉线、甩水泥浆，随铺干硬性1：2水泥砂浆1-15毫米厚，木抹子压实、拉平、搓毛。一面铺浆，一面安放板块，安放时四角同时下落，并用橡胶锤敲击，用水平尺、水平线找平，然后掀起板块，缺浆外补填平实，在泡透凉干后的地板砖上刮1-2毫米水泥浆，铺砖、皮锤敲击振实找平于拉线位置上，退回式铺贴，铺完一行后，及时检查图案、平整、接缝、缝隙，并做好及时调整，依此类推。（3）边角非整砖应机割顺直，套管处机械套割吻合。面层铺贴应在24小时内进行擦缝、勾缝和压缝工作。缝的深度宜为砖厚的1/3。擦缝和勾缝应采用同品种、同标号、同颜色的水泥，随做随清理，使其勾缝和四周圆外切花明朗，2天后浇水养护，并铺木板进入检查是否有断砖及不平处，做及时更换。（4）采用同类地面砖镶贴踢脚板时，必须与地面砖图案相拼，缝格交圈，阳角应坡角，阴角应碰角，严禁打压，以防地面与踢脚图案及缝格错落不齐。板块踢脚线的出墙厚度不得阳角要垂直，板块踢脚线的长度不得小于整个踢脚线长度的1/2。非整块踢脚线必须贴在靠阴角处，打压方向必须合理。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 四、门窗工程施工1.木门安装（1）门框制作：表面应净光，不得有刨痕、毛刺及锤印，割角拼缝严密平整，尺寸正确，木材含水率不得超过12%，应涂前防腐油，不允许有脱胶现象。（2）门进场要有出厂合格证，现场材料售货员严格把关，逐个检查，不符合要求一律不准使用，门框重叠堆放进，底面支点应垫在一个平面内，以免产生翘面。（3）门框安装：在砌筑墙体时先将木砖预埋入门窗洞口内，木门框安装标高要准确，凡是两个以上成排的木门框安装要拉通线，用线附、钢尺等将门框校正到位后，将钉帽砸扁后打入框内3-5mm，钉子间距不得大于1.2米，安装牢固，严禁松劲，木门框安装就位后，应采用1：3水泥砂浆将其与墙间缝填实，各类材料的门窗柜制作均应留足灰线，饰面必须压入吃灰线内。（4）门扇安装：门扇运输到施工现场后，严禁在室外存放应放在室内码入整齐，要分类堆放，底面垫平，不得有翘曲。安装前首先要检查门框是否有扭曲变形，损坏，校正好后开始安装门扇，木门扇安装应在地面完后进行，木门扇折页安装，框扇要同时剔槽，绝对不通话框上剔槽，严禁剔槽毛糙、槽口太大、太深。螺丝钉不允许全部用锤钉入，用螺丝刀拧入的长度不得少于螺丝长度的1/3，钉帽不准歪斜，严禁漏钉。木门扇安装下缝规定为6-8mm，为了更准确控制下缝标准，在安装前刨两根8mm厚的木条，垫在下缝处，上缝的缝隙直留1mm，即使门扇轻微下坠，下缝还能保证在允许偏差之内。2.门窗安装（1）塑钢窗制作表面要平整、节点严密坚固，不变形，规格尺寸准确，构件表面无划痕，没有碰撞痕迹，窗下坎制作要-3个椭圆形泄水孔，不允许在下坎框角上开槽做泄水孔。（2）安塑钢窗前，要与施工技术人员共同放好三条线，一是门窗的水平线，二是中心线，三是门窗洞口两侧与外墙面层距离的垂直线。（3）塑钢窗窗安装前必须采取保护措施，中立框、中坎要用塑料带捆缠严密，边框上下坎要用胶带粘贴进行保护，在内墙刷涂完成后，再把塑带清除框上的胶迹应轻清理干净。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof （4）窗框要固定牢固，固定点的间距不得大于40厘米，固定件由框角向里10-20厘米开始固定，框与墙间的缝隙采用岩棉保温材料填塞严密，填塞不宜过紧，以免框体变形，装饰时侧面留3mm的缝隙，最后用玻璃胶打嵌严密平滑。（5）门窗各种部件安装牢固，开关灵活，密封玻璃胶条四周要交圈，不准接条，转角胶条到位，转角胶条要割45º斜角，再用胶粘牢，防止回弹，胶条安装严密，平直显露均匀，严禁松劲，窗框与墙体安装缝隙应做到密封处理，在室外框与墙体的缝隙处，用木条作临时封缝定位，将充填泡剂由室内和模块室窗框槽内注入，直到槽内饱满密实，外口基本平整，待民泡剂基本干固后，拿去木条，在室外民泡剂表面涂上2mm左右厚的防水剂做好第一道防水工序，外粉刷基本干固厚，铝全金安装人员用防水胶，将粉刷后与窗框四周预留的槽口填满，做好第二道防水工作。安装完毕后，要做好铝型材玻璃外表面的清洁工作。（6）塑钢窗首层必须安装防盗块，每层都要安装缓冲垫，缓冲垫严禁安装在玻璃窗上，应安装在有插销的边框上，窗框安装成活后，窗下坎与边框，中立框的框角节点缝隙处要抹严密封胶，防止由框角向内窗台渗水。第四节屋面、卫生间防水工程施工方案一、屋面防水工程施工屋面工程是房屋建筑中的重要分部工程，其施工质量的好坏将直接影响建筑物的使用寿命。屋面工程必须按照《屋面工程质量验收规范》GB50207—2002进行施工验收。主体平屋面：西南03J201-1结构层→40厚挤塑板保温层→1：4水泥炉渣找坡层，最薄处30mm→25厚1：3水泥砂浆找平层→底胶一道→1.2聚乙烯丙纶防水卷材→20厚1：3水泥砂浆保护层分隔缝小于1.0米。阳台屋面：西南03J201-1结构层→25厚1：3水泥砂浆找平层→1.2聚乙烯丙纶防水卷材→20厚1：3水泥砂浆保护层分隔缝小于1.0米雨棚涂膜防水层：西南03J201-1（2302/27）1.准备工作nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof （1）屋面工程施工前，应认真熟悉图纸理解设计意图，掌握施工图中的细部构造及有关技术要求，并结合工程特点编制施工方案和技术措施。（2）找平层施工前，屋面结构层应进行通过隐蔽验收，各种穿过屋面的管道、女儿墙、伸缩缝等的根部做好堵塞处理。基层处理，将结构层、保温层的松散杂物清扫干净，修理平整，并润湿。（3)平层或找坡层应按设计要求打巴冲筋，其间距以1.5-2米为宜，打巴应用水准仪抄平找坡。（4)屋面打找坡控制巴子，间距2000，弹线分格6000×6000，铺水泥蛭石找坡层，并按设计规定做出排气及排水孔。（5）保温材料应有材料合格证，并经指定质量检测部门认证的技术证明资料。材料进场后，应按规定取样复试提出试验报告，严禁在工程中使用未经检验或检验不合格的材料。2.防水材料要求（1）防水材料及粘结材料应具有出厂合格证，并抽样检验符合规范要求后，方可使用。（2）粘结材料的粘结剥离强度应符合规范要求。3、找平层施工（1）该屋面找平层采用1：3水泥砂浆找平，其施工工艺流程为：设标志砖嵌木隔条基层处理养护成品保护抹压收光抹水泥砂浆(2）找平层施工前，应先将找平层的铺抹高度、厚度、坡度等位置标出并注意尺寸变化，若终凝前可能下雨时不宜施工，如需施工时，应有相应的技术措施保证找平层的质量。(3）水泥砂浆原材料的要求：水泥标号不得低于PO32.5R普通水泥，砂浆使用洁净的中砂或粗砂，含泥量不大于3%。(4）砂浆找平层厚度应满足设计要求的15mm厚，并使屋面的坡度符合排水坡。(5）nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 在找平层铺设前拉线做标志砖，标志砖终凝后，即可抹水泥砂浆找平层，在抹水泥砂浆前应刷一遍水灰比为0.4～0.5的素水泥浆，随刷浆随抹灰，按标志砖高度严格掌握屋面坡度一次连续铺成。(6）屋面的女儿墙、管道等出屋面部分均应做出半径不小于100mm的圆弧。(7）找平层必须坚固，强度不得小于5Mpa；不得脱皮、起砂；表面平整，不得有严重裂缝。(8）找平层施工完后，应设专人浇水养护。养护时间不应少于7昼夜。4.找坡层施工操作工艺（1）基层清理：将混凝土结构层表面的杂物、灰尘清理干净。(2）管根固定：穿结构的管根在找坡层施工前，用细石混凝土塞堵密实。(3）水泥炉渣找坡层是以炉渣为集科混合水泥等胶凝材料，用普通硅酸盐水泥，最低标号为42.5。用水搅拌后，用手紧握成团不散，并稍有水泥浆滴下时为好。采用机械拌合。找坡层铺设厚度为设计厚度的130％，用木板拍实、找平。5.水泥砂浆找平施工操作工艺(1）工艺流程：基层处理→管根封堵→标高坡度弹线→洒水湿润→施工水泥砂浆找平层→养护→验收。(2）基层清理：将结构层、保温层上表面的松散杂物清扫干净，凸出基层表面的灰渣等粘结杂物要铲平，不得影响找平层的有效厚度。(3）管根封堵：大面积做找平层前，先将出屋面的管根、变形缝、屋面天沟墙根部处理好。(4）抹水泥砂浆找平层：抹找平层水泥砂浆前，应适当洒水湿润基层表面，以利于基层与找平层的结合，不可洒水过量，以免影响找平层表面的干燥，洒水达到基层和找平层能牢固结合为度。(5）贴点标高、冲筋：根据坡度要求，拉线找坡，一般按1～２ｍ贴点标高（贴灰饼），铺抹找平砂浆时，先按流水方向以间距1～２ｍ冲筋，并设置找平层分格缝，宽度一般为２0ｍｍ，并且将缝与保温层连通，分格缝最大间距为６ｍ。(6）装水泥砂浆：按分格块装灰、铺平，用刮扛靠冲筋条刮平，找坡后用木抹子搓平，铁抹子压光。待浮水沉失后，人踏上去有脚印但不下陷为度，再用铁抹子压第二遍即可交活。找平层水泥砂浆设计配合比为１：2，拌合稠度控制在70㎜。6.屋面防水材料施工找平层必须平整干燥，基层处理剂涂刷均匀。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 好标准线的位置，涂刷胶粘剂与铺贴卷材间的间隔时间凭经验确定：用指触不粘手时即可开始粘贴卷材。贴时应对准已弹好的粉线，并在铺贴好的卷材上弹出搭接宽度线。卷材铺贴采用滚铺法，注意防止砂子、灰尘等杂物粘在卷材表面。完一幅卷材，立即用干净而松软的长柄压辊从卷材一端顺卷材横向顺序滚压一遍，彻底排除卷材粘结层间的空气。排除空气后，平面部位卷材用外包橡胶的大压辊滚压，使其粘贴牢固。滚压从中间向两侧边移动，做到排气彻底。平面立面交接处，则先粘贴好平面，经过转角，由下往上粘贴卷材，粘贴时勿拉紧，轻轻沿转角压紧密实，再往上粘贴，同时排出空气，最后用手持压辊滚压密实，滚压时从上往下进行。铺好压贴后，将搭接部位结合面清除干净，用棉纱粘少量汽油擦洗。然后采用油漆刷均匀涂刷，不得出现露底、堆积现象。涂胶量可按产品说明控制，待胶粘剂表面干燥后即可进行粘合。粘合时从一端开始，边压合边驱逐空气，不允许有气泡和皱折现象，然后用手持辊顺边认真滚压一遍，使其粘接牢固。三层重叠处用密封材料预先加以填封，否则将会成为渗水通道。搭接逢全部粘贴后，封口要用密封材料封严，密封时严逢刮涂，不得留有缺口，密封宽度不应小于10mm。水落口、管根、檐口、阴阳角等细部先做附加层，附加层做成圆角。铺贴完毕后，采用粘结剂将末端粘结封严，防止张嘴翘边。粘结剂由厂家提供。水层施工完成后，应及时做好防水保护层。穿墙管道防水处理nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 　　管道根部构造示意图7.成品保护由于防水工程的特殊性，既要加强施工过程的质量控制，又要加强成品保护的控制。防水层施工时要设专人进行质量检查，发现问题及时处理，以保证防水施工质量。穿过地面、墙根等处管根，不得损伤和变位。防水层施工时及施工完毕，进入施工现场严禁穿钉子鞋，并不得堆放其它材料、施工设备和施工机具，且严禁在其上打眼。已经铺好的卷材防水层，应及时采取保护措施，不得损坏以免造成后患。夜间施工时，严禁在已做好的防水层上拖拉碘钨灯。二、卫生间防水工程1.主体钢筋混凝土楼板施工本工程卫生间为现浇混凝上楼板，实践证明:如果楼板混凝土浇筑密实，是不会出现渗漏的。因此，楼板混凝土质量是避免卫生间大面积渗漏的一道重要防线。浇筑钢筋砼楼板时应注意以下几点：(1）拼装卫生间楼板模板的板缝应控制在l.5毫米以内，以免漏浆。(2）板的正负钢筋必须绑扎到位，应特别注意不能将负筋踩倒。(3）砼必须一次性浇筑完成，不得在卫生间内留置施工缝。(4）混凝土应振捣密实，并要加强养护。(5）拆模时间不宜过旱，一般要在混凝土强度达到设计强度的70%方可拆模。2.穿板水管洞口部分的处理卫生间穿过板的管道较多，包括上下水管、地漏、浴盆排水管以及便器下水管等。实践证明，这些管边部位是整个卫生间最薄弱的环节，绝大多数渗漏都发生于此。因此，管边的处理非常重要，应注意以下几点：nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof （1）楼板施工时，管洞位置的预留要准确，避免因洞口位置不准而剔凿，使洞口加大。（2）在堵洞前，应将立管或地漏校正，并临时加固好，地漏的标高应按设计控制。为保证堵洞质量，管道周围需留20左右的缝隙，见图1。将管道周围清理干净，洞口用木板作底模，支撑牢固。然后用水润湿，先刷水泥浆一道，1:2:4豆石混凝上浇筑，手工振捣、压实、抹平，并注意养护。应分两次完成。3.防水层的基层处理为保证防水层的施工质量，需对混凝上楼面做找平层。找平层采用20毫米厚的1:3水泥砂浆，水泥标号为42.5或42.5R，砂采用中砂。施工时应注意以下几点：（1）做找平层前，管洞口已浇灌完毕。（2）做找平层前，应将混凝土楼板面凸出混凝土剔除，并将板面清理干净，浇水润湿。（3）做找平层时，应将墙角抹成圆弧，见图2。（4）穿管边(地漏)周围要留20～30毫米的空隙，以便做油包，见图3。（5）做找平层时，要冲地筋，以便向地漏找坡，抹灰时要压实、压平、压光。（6）找平层做好后，要注意浇水养护。4.做防水层厨房、卫生间防水材料采用1.5厚丙烯酸脂防水涂料并沿墙上翻300。与卧室相邻的墙面翻边1800，房门入口处和穿管处应用同质防水油膏。（1）防水基层应坚实、平整，无空鼓、起砂、裂缝、松动、掉灰、凹凸不平等缺陷，阴阳角处做成50mm的圆弧角。（2）防水层施工前，基层表面干燥，含水率低于10%（测试方法：在基层表面铺一块1㎡橡胶板，静置3～4h。覆盖橡胶板部位无明显水印）（3）涂刷顺序应先垂直、后水平，先阴阳角及细部、后大面，每层涂抹方向应与上层互相垂直。（4）为保证阴阳角、管道周围等薄弱部位防水抗渗性能，在上述节点部位增作附加层，附加层采用玻璃丝布紧贴在基层上，不得出现空鼓、皱折等缺陷。（5）涂膜要涂刷均匀，薄厚一致，厚度不少于1.8mm。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof （6）防水层未固化前不得上人踩踏，涂抹施工过程中应由里向外后退施工。（7）每道涂膜涂刷间隔应以上一道涂膜固化不粘手的时间确定，一般不小于24h。（8）操作人员持证上岗，穿工作服，软底鞋，操作场地防火通风，操作人员应戴手套、口罩、眼镜，以防中毒。（9）已涂好的丙烯酸脂防水涂料，在未固化前应进行封闭，不准人员进入，以防遭到人为破坏。（10）涂膜防水层验收后应立即做防水保护层，以防其他工种操作人员进入施工时，防水层被硬物碰撞。5.防水层试水与保护防水层做完后，侍其表面干燥后，可进行试水。如无渗水，应立即做水泥砂浆保护层。施工时，要注意保护地面，避免利器碰坏地面。做保护层时，将穿板管周围做20mm管包。管周边压光，以改善观感。第八章质量保证措施第一节工程质量总目标质量目标为合格，我公司将严格按施工规范和建设部进行评定验收，分项工程合格率达100％,分部工程优良率达80％以上，在施工中推行全面质量管理，在公司领导下，推行ISO9001-2000质量保证体系，采取各项技术措施来保证质量管理目标的实现。第二节质量保证体系我们将以“质量第一，用户至上”为宗旨，运用先进的技术、科学的管理手段，精心组织，精心施工。积极开展群众性的QC质量管理活动。定期进行质量分析，强化质量检测与质量验收，将贯彻ISO9002质量标准体系建立标准工作程序贯穿施工全过程，不断完善现场质量保证体系，以优质的产品和完善的服务来回报业主。第三节施工质量保证措施nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 一、建立质量管理机构公司坚决贯彻“百年大计、质量第一”的方针，牢固树立“预防为主”的思想。在施工过程中，通过各种形式，加强对参建职工的教育，不断提高工作责任心和质量意识，对质量问题坚决执行”三不放过。二、技术保证措施1.施工前，技术负责人组织工长、内业、质安员认真学习有关规范，施工工艺及操作规程，熟悉图纸，做好图纸会审工作，有针对性的编制施工组织设计。2.针对该工程的卫生间、屋面防水等施工难点，建立QC小组，制定详细的施工工艺流程卡，严格按卡施工，确保工程质量。3.按图施工。凡因施工或业主要求变更的，必须办理设计变更通知或核定单，经设计单位同意后，才能施工。第四节防止质量通病措施一、外墙抹灰空裂缝通病分析及防治1.项目：外墙抹灰空裂2.原因分析：1.水泥未经复试沙子级配不标准过细2.体积比计量不准3.基地清理差，未拉毛4.贴饼、冲筋不准确，灰层厚度不均5.砼表面未刷火碱水，油质6.抹灰前，基底浇水湿润差7.底灰粘接不牢固，有空裂不修补中层表面抹灰间隔短8.抹灰接槎随便9.浇水养护遍数少3.管理措施：1.水泥须复试合格，砂子用中砂2.体积比换算成重量比3.基底清理干净，用胶拉毛打点冲筋随时检测，保证准确4.拉毛前处理好5.抹灰面提前浇水湿润底灰粘接须牢固，压实槎平6.中层灰面层抹灰时间间隔20小时7.抹灰施工缝留在分格缝处8.每天浇水养护3-4遍二、卫生间渗漏通病的分析与防治1.项目：厕所渗漏2.原因分析：1.预留洞堵砼振捣不实2.堵洞细石砼内加膨胀剂，形成裂缝3.预留洞清理差，未剔毛nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 找平层质量粗糙，空裂4.找平层含水率未测定进行防水施工5.通风道与点面接口处损坏或裂缝修补差管根，地漏周边未嵌密封膏6.立面防水涂料未达到设计要求7.地漏倒坡8.找平层坡向不符合要求9.防水涂料材质不合格10.附加层未做施工中破坏，成品保护差12.操作人员素质差13.照明差影响施工3.管理措施：A.加强砼振捣B.使用微膨胀剂C.堵洞前剔凿清理湿润D.控制线找平层施工质量测定基层含水率合格后施工E.检查通风道，修补认真F.周边嵌防水密封膏G.立面高度满足要求H.按标准图施工I.坡度2-3%地漏周边50内5%坡J.材料持有合格证，复试合格使用K.先作附加层L.加强成品保护M.有防水施工上岗证N.保证照明亮度三、顶层山墙八字缝通病分析及防治1.项目：山墙八字缝2.原因分析：A结构设计时采取措施B.墙体压墙筋长度不够，问距太C墙体砌筑质量差通缝D.温差变化较大3.管理措施：A与设计院协商采取相应措施B两端部房间压墙筋应沿纵向墙通长，问距准确C严格执行技术交底和质量验平标准D顶层圈梁外墙保温砂浆第五节成品保护措施工程施工期间，各工种交叉作业频繁，对成品（半成品），易出现二次污染，影响工程进度，因此，依据公司成品保护管理细则的规定，在工地设专人负责成品（半成品）的保护工作，施工阶段成品（半成品）保护的主要内容如下：一、砖墙成品保护砖墙易被污染和碰撞，在施工中，卸料处，存放砌筑砂浆处，施工洞处必须采取保护措施，用草袋子或塑料布防护遮挡，沿外墙搭设用组合钢模板拼装封闭式的垃圾道。二、抹灰成品保护1.推小车或搬运物料时，要注意不要碰撞墙角、门框等。压尺和铁铲等工具不要靠在刚完成的墙的面抹灰层上。2.拆除脚手架时要注意轻拆轻放，不妄撞坏门窗和墙面。3.要保护好墙上己安装的配件、窗帘钩（罩）。电线槽盒等室内设施，对被砂浆粘上。污染的要及时清刷干净。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 4.抹灰层凝结硬化前应防止水冲、撞击、振动和挤压5.要保护好地漏、粪管等处不被堵塞。6.粘在门窗框上的砂浆应及时清理干净。7.抹灰前事先把门窗与墙边接合处的缝隙用水泥砂浆填塞密实。及时清擦留在门窗上的砂浆，铝合金门窗抹灰前应粘贴保护膜。推车或搬运东西时注意不要碰坏门口、门角和墙面。抹灰用的大杠和等不要靠放在墙上，严禁蹬踩窗台，防止损坏其棱角。8.拆除脚手脚时要轻拆轻放，拆除后的各种材料要编码放整齐，不要撞坏门窗、墙面和口角。9.要注意保护好墙上的预埋件、电线盒和各种管道。10.抹灰层未硬化前防止水冲、撞击、振动和挤压。11.注意保护楼地面，不得直接在楼地面抹灰。三、地面、楼梯的成品保护1.推手推车时不许碰撞门口立边和栏仟及墙柱饰面，门框适当要包铁应保护，以防手推车轴头碰撞门框。2.施上时不得碰撞水暖立管等。3.施工时保护好地漏、出水口等部位安放的临时堵头，以防灌入浆液杂物造成堵塞。4.沾污的柱面、门窗框设备立管线要及时清理干净。5.水泥砂浆面层养护期内（一般宜不少于7天），严禁在饰面推手推车，放重物及随意践踏。6.地砖面层调整、擦缝的操作人员，要穿软底鞋，踩踏面料时要垫上平整木板。7.完成后的地面，两天内严禁上人行走及堆放物品，表面要保护。8.水泥砂浆面层施工完成后72小时内不准在上面行走或进行其它作业，以免损坏地面，适时做好养护工作。对现浇楼梯抹灰后禁止行走，待养护期过后要对棱角做好保护措施。第六节装饰工程一、认真做好工程前期准备工作，编制切实可行的施工组织设计，装饰工程施工前期准备工作。二、加强施工项目的过程控制，创造精品工程1.施工人员的控制nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 施工项目管理人员由项目经理统一指挥，各自按照岗位标准进行工作，工程部随时对项目管理人员的工作状态进行考查，并如实记录考查结果存入工程档案之中。2.施工材料的控制装饰材料品种繁杂，质量及档次相差悬殊，装饰工程所用材料又受到业主的克观影响，因此，装饰施工材料控制比较麻烦。在材料进场前必须先报验，将业主同意的材料样品一式两份封样保存，一份留项目，一份留业主，在材料进场后，依样品及相关检测报告进行报验，报验合格的材料方能使用。采购人员在采购时，也要严格执行材料的检查验收手续，保证采购材料一次合格。为了便于管理，公司将各种材料的检查方法及检验标准编辑成册，采购人员、质检人员、施工人员全部用同一标准来衡量材料是否合格。在进场材料的管理上，采用限额领料制度，由施工人员签发限额领料单，库管员按单发货，从而即能保证质量又能节约成本，对于易碎或贵重材料，在施工现场单独存放，尽量减少人为的搬运次数。对于现场发现的不合格材料，如果不能及时退库，则单独放置并在明显位置标注不合格品字样，这样能够防止错发错拿现象。现场所剩边角余料如不能使用，则及时退回公司辅料库，以便其它工程使用。3.施工工艺的控制施工工艺是决定工程质量好坏的关键，有好的工艺，能使操作人员在施工过程达到事半功倍的效果。为了保证工艺的先进性及合理性，公司对于不太成熟的工艺安排专人在加工厂进行试验，将成熟的工艺编制成作业指导书，并下发各施工主管，施工管理人员在现场指导生产时则依此为依据对工人进行书面交底，并由班组长签字接收。工艺交底包括工具及材料准备、施工技术要点、质量要求及检查方法、常见问题及预防措施。4.施工环境的控制nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 施工环境对装饰工程的影响很大，尤其是油漆工程，在进行油漆施工时，现场不得有灰尘，天气必须晴朗，为了保证工程质量，必须控制好施工环境，这就要求施工管理人员在进行工序安排时要合理，避免施工污染，同时保证各工序所需环境要求，如室温要求、基体干燥要求、空气清洁要求等。因此一般结构方面的工作先进行，饰面工作后进行；头顶工作先进行，头顶以下工作后进行；隐蔽工程先进行，包封工作后进行；水电管线工作先进行，灯具、开关、插座、洁具、五金配件安装工作后进行；易受污染或贵重材料，保养不易的工作（玻璃制品、镜面、壁纸、面料、地毯等）应最后再做。如果冬季施工时，室内温度达不到要求，则要制定相应的保温升温措施，同时要注意火灾的发生。第七节预防渗漏、开裂的技术措施一、预防渗漏1.当墙体砌至最后一层时（即梁底），用辅助实心小砌块（或实心标准砖）斜砌的方法砌筑，使砌体与梁底紧密接触。砌筑砂浆应饱满。2.抹灰先抹墙面，待墙面抹灰层干燥后再抹砼表面，并使砼表面的抹灰层压在墙体的抹灰层上，使连接处的收缩裂缝被砼面后抹的抹灰层所覆盖。3.如果梁柱与砌块墙面齐平，则抹灰前应在接缝处两侧先抹一层2-3mm厚的1：3的水泥砂浆，再用素浆（水泥：108胶：水=1：0.5-0.8：6-8）粘贴一层玻璃丝布（混凝土与墙各100mm宽），然后再抹灰。二、外墙裂缝防治因为结构采用大模板施工，砼表面较光滑，在粉刷前，采用砼界面剂以增强粉刷层和基层的粘结效果。外墙面层粉刷时，在砂浆中可掺适量丹强丝纤维，以增强外墙的抗裂能力。丹强丝纤维应用在外粉刷的砂浆中以提高其抗破裂性能，耐冲击负荷，抗饶曲性，有效控制和减少砂浆中的裂缝的产生与扩展。丹强丝纤维还具有无污染，施工简易，防腐耐碱，经济合算，效果可靠的优点。第九章安全文明生产第一节分项工程安全技术措施一、采取有效安全生产措施，施工期间确保无重大伤亡事故，争取将安全事故控制在零内。1.建立以项目经理为首的安全生产领导小组，设专职安全员，经常进行安全宣传，检查和安全生产技术交底。对职工进行安全教育，提高职工的安全意识。每周开展一次以项目经理为首的安全大检查，如有问题限时整改。2.施工砌围墙与外界隔断，不许闲杂人员进入现场。3.nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 加强安全硬件建设，脚手架外用有生产许可证和省建管局的准用证的密目式安全网封闭，在二层外挑一道安全网，“四口”、“五临边”均有保护措施并设标志。4.严防机械伤害和触电事故，贯彻预防为主的方针，发现隐患及时排除，不断总结经验，把安全工作做到扎实可靠。5.手架上砌块堆放不得多于2层。6.上所有总开关，分开关一律按规定加“漏电保护装置”开关，需设箱带锁，有防雨盖，班后上锁。7.用电设备安装合理，接零、接地防护装置等齐全有效，必须持上岗证上岗操作，且定员定机，不得擅离岗位。井架的安装和拆除必须制定施工方案，装置避雷接地及限位装置。8.电工坚守岗位，严禁电路超荷，非专职电工人员严禁乱接、乱拉、乱送配电房各线路开关。砼浇筑时所有地线严格检查是否破损以防漏电接触钢筋伤人。9.砼搅拌机上部均须搭设防雨防护棚，并挂设安全操作标牌。10.工程在施工现场入口由专人负责交通，确保行人人身安全。11.每个操作人员应用好安全“三宝”。12.夜间施工作业，要有足够的照明设施。二、塔式起重机1.认真贯彻执行《塔式起重机安全规程》的各项规定，重点注意如下几点：（1）塔式起重机的地基固定防雷接地等必须严格按产品说明书执行，在特殊气候条件下要有应急锚固措施。（2）塔式起重机上要设限位开关。（3）塔式起重机的使用管理要建立专门制度，有专人指挥操作。塔式起重机司机要按指挥人员操作，指挥要有专门信号。每天班前检查保险及限位装置是否灵敏可靠，按规定定期检查，保养。4）安全网有平网、立网和斜撑网，使用时应符合建筑施工安全网的搭设规定。2.洞口防护(1）洞口要有专人管理，经常检查防护措施的可靠性和完备性，安全网内积存杂物要定期清理。(2）墙面上有坠人可能的洞口，按临边作业的规定加以防护。(3）楼梯口应装临时护栏，梯段边应加设护杆。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof (4）底层通道口应搭设双层防护潮，棚宽两边出两口各1.5米。3.消防（1）建立消防组织体系和制度1）施工中必须认真执行《中华人民共和国消防条例》，建立以项目经理为首的消防领导小组，实行防火责任制度。2）加强消防意识和消防制度教育，认真贯彻各项消防制度，经常开展消防活动，定期开展群众性、专业性防火检查，及时消除火灾隐患，加强全员消防观念。3）工地的消防组织要与地区消防组织挂钩，及时把工程情况进行通报，以便一旦发生火情，可得到城市消防队的紧急援助。（2）配备必要的消防设施和器材1）设置考虑消防水源，保证必要的水压及水量。消防用水与施工用水分开，在现场设置高压泵增压供水。2）设置两路电源，除正常施工用电外，对启动消防水泵、通道及紧急情况使用的电器设备必须另备电源。3）消防通道内装设由紧急情况电源供电的长明灯，整个施工过程长明不灭，保证通行和作业有一定的照明度。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 加强安全教育与培训，增强安全意识，约束自我行为。安全教育是施工企业职工的一堂必修课，而且应该具有计划性、长期性和系统性，安全教育由企业的人力资源部门纳入职工统一教育、培训计划，由安全职能部门归口管理和组织实施，目的在于通过教育和培训提高职工的安全意识，增长安全生产知识，加强对自我行为的约束，有效地防止人的不安全行为，减少人为失误。安全教育培训要适时、适地、内容合理、方式多样，形成制度，做到严肃、严格、严密、严谨讲求实效。对于新录用的职工和调换工种的职工应进行安全教育和技术培训，经考核合格方准上岗。企业对于进场的职工实行三级安全教育，它是新职工接受的首次安全生产方面的教育。企业对新职工进行初次安全教育的内容包括：劳动保护意识和任务的教育；安全生产方针、政策、法规、标准、规范、规程和安全知识的教育；企业安全规章制度的培训学习。工程项目部对新分配来的职工进行安全教育的内容包括：施工项目安全生产技术操作一般规定；施工现场安全生产管理制度；安全生产法律和文明施工要求；工程的基本情况现场环境、施工特点、可能存在的不安全因素。作业班组对新分配来的职工进行工作前的安全教育包括：从事施工必要的安全知识、机具设备及安全防护设施的性能和作用教育；本工种安全操作规程；班组安全生产、文明施工基本要求和劳动纪律；本工种容易发生事故环节、部位及劳动防护用品的使用方法。　　第二节用电安全技术一、施工用电1.支线架设(1）配电箱的电缆线应有套管，电线进出不混乱。大容量电箱上进线加滴水弯。(2）支线绝缘好，无老化和破损。(3）支线应沿墙或电杆架空敷设，并用绝缘子固定。(4）过道电线可采用硬质护套管埋地并作标记。(5）室外支线应用橡皮线架空，接头不受拉并符合绝缘要求。2.现场照明(1）一般场所采用220V电压。危险、潮湿场所和金属容器内的照明及手持照明、灯具应采用符合要求的安全电压。(2）照明导线应用绝缘子固定。严禁使用花线或塑料胶质线。导线不得随地拖拉或绑在脚手架上。(3）照明灯具的金属外壳必须接地或接零。单相回路的照明箱必须装设漏电保护器。(4）室外照明灯具距地面不得低于3米，室内距地面不得低于2.4米。碘邬固定架设，要保证安全。钠等金属卤化物灯具的安装高度宜在5米以上。灯线不得靠近灯具表面。3.架空线(1）架空线必须在专用电杆（水泥杆、木杆）上，严禁架设在树或脚手上。(2）架空线应装设横担和绝缘子，其规格、线间距离、档距等应符合架空线路要求，其电杆架线离地2.5米以上应用绝缘子。(3）一般架空线应离地4米以上，机动车道为6米以上。（4）电箱（配电箱、开关箱）1）电箱应有门、锁、色标。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 2）电箱内开关电器必须完整无损，接线正确。各类接触装置灵敏可靠，绝缘良好，无积灰、杂物、箱体不得歪斜。3）电箱安装高度和绝缘材料等均符合规定。4）电箱应设置漏电保护器，选用合理的额定漏电工作电流进行分极配合。5）配电箱应设总熔丝、分熔丝、分开关，零排地排齐全。动力和照明分别装置。6）配电箱的开关电器应与配电线或开关箱一一相对应配合，作分别设置，以确保专路专控，总开关电器与分路开关电器的额定值动作整齐舒值相适应。7）金属外壳电箱应作接地或接零保护。8）开关箱与用电设备应一机一闸一保险。9）同一移动开关箱严禁配有380V和220V两种电压等级。5.接地接零(1）接地体可用角钢、园钢或钢管，但不得用螺纹钢，其截面不小于48平方毫米，一组二组接地体之间间距不小于2.5米，入土深度不小于2米。(2）橡皮线中黑色或绿黄色线作为接地线。与电气设备相连接的接地或接零线截面最小不能低于2.5平方毫米多股芯线，手持式用电设备应采用不小于1.5平方毫米的多股铜芯线。(3）电杆转达角杆，终端杆及总箱，分配电箱必须有重复接地。6.变配电位置变配电间应配有安全防护用品和消防器材，并有各类警告标牌，开关应有编码及用途标记，保持室内清洁无杂物。二、临时用电安全技术措施临时用电安全技术措施包括两个方面的内容：一是安全用电在技术上所采取的措施；二是为了保证安全用电和供电的可靠性在组织上所采取的各种措施，它包括各种制度的建立、组织管理等一系列内容。第三节文明施工保证措施一、现场场容、场貌布置1.施工现场：严格按施工平面布置图布置现场，施工现场采用全封闭措施，设置不低于２ｍ的砖砌围墙，面做粉刷并书写宣传标语。入口处设工程标牌，现场内管理．签订检查监督约定，保证措施落实nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 2.场地和道路：场地均用混凝土硬化；平整不积水，无散落的杂物及散物。道路畅通、平坦、整洁；场地排水成系统，并畅通不堵。建筑垃圾必须集中堆放，及时处理。3.材料堆放：砂石分类、集中堆放成方，底脚边用边清。砌体料归类成垛，堆放整齐，碎砖料随用随清，无底脚散料。灰池砌筑符合标准，布局合理、安全、整洁。4.周转材料：模板集中堆放整齐；钢管及扣件分类分规格，集中存放；木枋杂料分类堆放；规则成方，不散不乱。包装水泥、散装水泥不混放；分清标号，分罐贮存，插标挂牌，并做到有制度，有规定；专人管理；按额发放；进入库记录齐全而准确，牌物账相符。5.构配件及特殊材料；构件分类、分型、分规格堆放整齐，垫木上下对齐稳定，堆放不超高。成型钢筋分类集中堆放，整齐成线。门窗框扇、木制品分别按规范堆放整齐；防雨、防潮、·防火措施齐全。特殊材料（包括甲供、分包及自购安装、装饰、保温材料、安装设备）均要按保管要求，加强管理，分门别类，堆放整齐。第十章季节性施工措施第一节雨季施工措施一、项目组织准备项目部雨季施工领导有,组长，副组长，和组员。二、技术准备在雨季到来之前，根据天气预报，结合各分项工程特点，制定出切实可行的雨季施工计划，并组织技术人员编制出各分项工程的雨季施工技术措施，作好交底工作。三、材料准备准备好充足的雨具和防雨材料，保证施工在雨期正常进行。雨具及防雨材料表：序号材料名称单位数量1雨衣、雨裤套152雨鞋双153污水泵台2nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 4塑料布平米㎡200四、雨季施工技术措施1.现场排水及防讯设施布防根据本工程施工作业面很大、而楼号较密集，每批所开楼号相对集中不利于组织现场积水排放的实际情况，对全区不同情况进行分区设防，主要有以下几点：(1）对于四期西侧降水井点较密集的区域，采取利用改造井点的做法进行排水，具体做法是：将井点井口剔凿至一个较低标高，并在井口2-3米范围内铺设100-200厚碎石用于阻止流砂灌入井内，将地表水引入井内然后用水泵抽至近旁排水明沟。(2）施工现场紧急防汛设防：在施工现场临时开挖集水坑，集水坑大小为800*800*800，按20米间距设置，在场区环形施工道路路面上沿路边用土袋垒砌600高，1000宽临时防汛排水明沟，用塑料布铺底防渗漏，明沟通过大门通向马泉营西路排水明沟，防汛排水时，将各集水坑内积水就近排入防汛明沟排出场外。五、土方、边坡工程本工程基础土方开挖及沟槽回填土处于雨季施工阶段，施工前应掌握天气动态，遇到连续晴天时抓紧时间进行土方开挖施工，并对第一步（深1.5米）基槽边坡进行土钉护坡支护，土钉护坡施工完成后，进行下一步土方开挖，并在基槽上口距槽边1000mm部位砌筑120mm厚、180mm高砖砌挡水墙，挡水墙每2米设置240*240附墙砖垛加强，以防雨水灌入基槽，具体做法详见附图。进行基槽回填时应有意识的沿肥槽长度方向放置一定坡度。若回填过程中遇到下雨时，应停止作业，采取排水措施及时将雨水排除，避免浸泡。雨过天晴后，应翻晒晾底，重新夯实，所用回填土经常测定含水量，保证最优含水率。为保证槽边稳定不塌方和槽底无积水、不沉陷，在沟槽两侧用土拍出高梗，以防止地面积水流入槽内，冲击基槽。槽底设积水坑，用水泵及时将基槽里积水抽到现场集水坑内，通过沉淀池将水排至中水泵站或排水沟排出场外。全区施工现场设置多处集水坑及沉淀池。雨天地面水排至集水坑，再经过沉淀池沉淀用泵排出场外。1.机械设备：龙门吊安装避雷装置，接地电阻不大于10Ωnthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof ，龙门吊基础周围回填土要高于其它自然面，并在基础外围2米范围设排水沟，并在附近设集水坑内，及时抽出坑内集水，以防龙门吊受水浸泡而造成下陷，卷扬机等机械设备每次雨后都做全面检查，发现问题及时解决，对龙门吊做沉降、倾斜观测，以防出现龙门吊沉降、歪斜发生安全事故，发现问题及时与有关单位联系处理。检查现场各种机械设备的防雨情况，保证机具入棚和具备防雨功能，机电设备机座应垫高，不得直接放在地上。漏电接地保护装置应灵敏有效，雨季施工前检查线路的绝缘情况，作好记录，并定期检查，发现问题及时维修。2.架子工程剪刀撑、安全网与建筑物的拉接点均应符合要求，雨天到来之前必须全面检查。结构用外架上严禁堆物，以防掉下后伤人。严禁将配电箱搁放在脚手架上，禁止将外架钢管作为电线杆使用，以防漏电伤人，防护栏超出施工层1.5米，人行马道应安装防滑条、挡脚板，雷雨天气、夜间不得支搭架子。3.根据现场实际情况，综合解决排水问题，整个小区以集水坑为单位各部就近向集水坑内排水，再经过沉淀池用水泵向中水泵站或排水明沟排水。在雨季到来之前，清理现场内所有排水沟、集水坑，并在平时施工中经常疏通，保证不淤积，使排水通畅。4.检查现场水泥库、料具库、钢筋、木工加工棚，搅拌机棚等的防雨情况，必要时用塑料布铺上一层，保证下雨时不渗漏，使施工正常进行。5.料场：为达到文明施工现场的要求，所有施工现场用级配石找平，找坡坡向排水沟,便于泄水保证泥泞不污染材料。6.落实安全生产责任制，做好职责分工，组织进行安全教育。7.认真组织安全检查，做好月检、周检、雨后、雨中检查。下雨后，要对施工机械、脚手架、龙门架进行全面检查，确保安全的情况下，在进行生产活动。第二节炎热天气施工措施一、备足雨期施工工具和材料设备，如铁锨、洋镐、塑料布、帆布、草袋、雨衣、胶鞋、水泵、胶管等。二、对易受潮变质的材料，要入库存放，临时少量露天存放时要加盖帆布，垛底要高于地面500mm以上。三、机电设备及电闸采取防雨、防潮措施，并安装接地保护装置。四、塔吊、吊车等机械设备停放时要远离高压线，作业时要加大与高压线的安全距离，防止因空气潮湿发生触电、放电事故伤人。五nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 、对所有输电线路进行漏电检查，对用电设备进行接地或接零检查，不得混接，发现隐患及时排除，保证安全生产。六、加强对电焊条烘干的管理，并按焊条的质量证明书的要求进行烘干，拿到现场使用的焊条应使用焊条保温桶，随用随取，防止受潮。七、施工现场使用的胶皮软线，横穿道路的电线要有保护措施。八、氧气瓶、乙炔瓶严禁曝晒，氧气瓶所处的环境温度不得超过３５℃，乙炔筒所处的环境温度不得超过４０℃，因此氧气瓶、乙炔筒要一律加防晒罩远离火源，保持安全距离。九、砖砌体工程1.烧结普通砖、烧结多孔砖、空心砌块等材料和砌筑砂浆的配合比、所用的水泥、砂等材料应符合设计要求和施工规范规定。质量不符合要求的材料严禁投入使用。2.砖要隔夜浇水，严禁干砖砌墙，砌块的浮灰必须清除。当采用铺浆法砌筑时，铺浆长度不得超过750毫米，施工期间温度超过30℃时，铺浆长度不得超过500毫米。240毫米厚承重砖墙的每层墙的最上一皮砖应整砖丁砌。3.砂浆应采用机械搅拌，自投料完算起水泥砂浆和水泥混合砂浆搅拌时间不少于2min，掺用外加剂砂浆搅拌时间不少于3min。4.砂浆应随拌随用，水泥砂浆和混合砂浆应分别在3h和4h内用完；当施工期间最高气温超过30℃时，应分别在2h和3h内使用完毕。5.多孔砖、空心砖等填充墙体下150mm部分一律用实心砖砌或细石混凝土浇筑，墙顶斜砖（鹅毛皮）至少间隔7天再将其补砌挤紧。6.连续雨天或高温施工，应严格控制砂浆稠度，在保证墙体稳定的前提下应控制墙体的砌筑高度，每日砌筑高度不得超过1.2m。每天收工或因雨天停工前，墙顶面应摆一皮干砖或用草帘等材料覆盖，防止雨水冲刷砂浆。7.砂浆试块应按规范制作、保管、养护，严禁暴晒、雨淋，超期送压。现场无标准养护室时，必须送试验室或分公司标养。十、模板工程1.模板工程中模板体系必须通过计算，制定模板的支撑方案，凡层高≥6米，或层高不满6米但板厚≥120毫米，或梁断面≥1000×300，或梁板跨度≥9米，层高≥8m或梁跨度≥18m、施工总荷载≥10KN/m2或集中线荷载≥nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 15KN/m2的模板支撑系统需组织不少于5名专家的论证。严格按方案施工，混凝土浇筑前应按有关规定对模板工程进行验收，确保模板体系满足强度、刚度、稳定性的要求。梁柱节点要镶接整齐牢固，不得漏浆。2.安装现浇结构模板及其支架时，应注意以下事项：(1）安装现浇结构的首层模板及其支架时，回填土必须夯填密实，铺设通长趟板应具有承受上层荷载的承载能力，若回填土因雨水下沉，无法支撑上层荷载，应将排架钢管（数量根据计算确定）打入回填土内，直接支撑在基础砼上。(2）安装现浇结构的楼层（首层除外）模板及其支架时，下层梁、板排架必须保留；下层梁、板排架应待上层结构砼浇筑完成后且无施工荷载直接作用于其上方可拆除。(3）上下层支架的立柱应对准，并铺设垫板。支撑底层模板时要采取措施确保支点不下沉，支撑要适当增多。（4）模板表面必须清理干净，表面应用脱模剂，脱模剂应选用耐冲刷品种，严禁涂刷废机油作脱模剂。在涂刷模板脱模剂时，不得沾污钢筋和混凝土接槎处，有沾污的要及时清干净。（5）对于现浇混凝土结构的模板及其支架的拆除，首先应对上层荷载进行计算，当下层承载力能满足上层荷载要求方可拆除下层支撑及模板，其次拆除时不应对楼面形成冲击荷载，拆除的模板和支架宜分散堆放并及时清运，同时应符合下列规定：对于非承重的侧面模板，应在混凝土的强度能保证其表面棱角不因拆模而损坏时拆除。承重的模板应在与结构同条件养护的试块达到以下规定的强度时，方可拆除。板：结构跨度≤2米，达到设计的混凝土强度等级标准值的50%；2米<结构跨度≤8米，达到设计的混凝土强度标准值的75%；结构跨度＞8米，达到设计的混凝土强度标准值的100%。梁：结构跨度≤8米，达到设计的混凝土强度等级标准值的75%；结构跨度＞8米，达到设计的混凝土强度标准值的100%。悬臂构件：达到设计的混凝土强度标准值的100%。十一、混凝土工程1.nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 对混凝土中的水泥、砂、石、外加剂等材料应严格把关，尤其是水泥，进场时应对其品种、级别、出厂日期等进行检查，并应对其强度、安定性等指标进行复验。预应力混凝土结构中严禁使用含氯化物的外加剂；钢筋混凝土结构中，当用含氯化物的外加剂时，其含量应符合国标GB50164的规定。2.混凝土强度等级必须符合设计要求，用于制作试块的混凝土必须在浇筑地点随机取样，试块的数量应符合规范要求。混凝土原材料每盘称量的允许偏差应符合下列规定：水泥、掺合料允许偏差±2％；粗、细骨料允许偏差土3%水、外加剂允许偏差士2%。遇雨天或含水率有显著变化时，应增加含水率检测次数，并及时调整水和骨料的用量。浇捣混凝上应推广应用缓凝型减水剂以改善气候适应性，降低水泥用量。3.混凝土浇捣前应事先与气象台联系，避开高温、暴雨等恶劣天气施工。混凝土浇筑前要编制施工方案。应对模板应进行清理润湿，特别在新老混凝土交接处其松散垃圾必须清理，表面凿毛处理再冲刷干净，并用与砼同配比的水泥砂浆接浆。混凝土要有足够的初凝时间，以及督促商品砼供应的连续性，保证混凝土连续浇灌，不出现冷缝。商品混凝土出罐后严禁加水。认真进行坍落度抽检，不符合要求的坚决退货。混凝土浇捣时表面必须用木蟹打平，严格“三压三平”施工。如遇暴雨中断施工，应按事先确定的方案留施工缝，并用塑料薄膜或草包遮盖。4.混凝土浇捣后12小时以内塑料薄膜封闭浇水和覆盖草包养护，混凝土养护水的水温应同外界气温接近。浇水养护次数以能保持混凝土处于湿润状态为准，养护用水与拌制用水相同。采用硅酸盐，普通硅酸盐或矿渣硅酸盐，水泥拌制的混凝土养护时间不少于7d，对掺用缓凝型外加剂或有抗渗性要求的混凝土养护时间不得少于14d。在己浇筑的混凝土强度达到1.2N／mm2以前不得在其上踩踏或安装模板及支撑。5.按规范及施工要求制作、管理、养护、送检混凝土试块。取样与试件留置应符合下列规定：(1）每拌制100盘且不超过100m3的同配合比的混凝土，取样不得小于一次。(2）每工作班拌制的同一配合比的混凝土不足100盘时，取样不得少于一次。(3）当一次连续浇筑超过1000m3时，同一配合比的砼每200m3不得少于一次。(4）每一楼层、同一配合比的砼，取样不得少于一次。(5）对有抗渗要求的砼结构，其混凝土试件应在浇筑地点随机取样。同一工程、同一配合比的砼，取样不应少于一次，留置组数可根据实际需要确定。(6）每次取样应至少留置一组标准养护试件，同条件养护试件的留置组数应根据实际需要确定。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 注：（1）标养试件应在现场养护室或送试验室标准养护；同条件养护试件应放置在靠近相应结构构件或结构部位的适当位置，应采取相同的养护条件。试件应防止暴晒、脱水及超期送检。（2）同条件养护试件所对应结构构件或结构部位，应有监理（建设）、施工等各方共同选定。（3）同一强度等级的同条件养护试件，其留置数量应根据砼工程量和重要性确定，不宜少于10组，且不应少于3组。（4）同条件养护试件的等效养护期及相应的试件强度代表值，宜根据当地气候及养护条件确定。（等效养护龄期可取按日平均温度逐日累计达到600℃·d时所对应的龄期，0℃及以下的龄期不计入；等效养护龄期不应小于14d，也不宜大于60d。同条件养护试件的强度代表值银根据强度试验结果应乘以折算系数取用。）十二、涂饰工程1.工程所用涂料的品种、型号和性能应符合设计要求。2.基层腻子应平整、坚实、牢固，无粉化、起皮和裂缝。卫生间、厨房必须用耐水腻子。3.混凝土或抹灰基层在涂饰涂料前应涂刷抗碱封闭底漆。混凝土或抹灰基层在涂饰溶剂型涂料时，含水率不得大于8%；涂刷乳液型涂料时不得大于10%，木材基层含水率不大于12%。4.夏季气温过高时，应避免在太阳暴晒下施工，以免墙面发生脱皮、鼓泡现象。5.外墙涂料不得冒雨施工，应保证成膜前不受雨淋；外墙涂料不应在风力在4级以上，且无有效挡风条件下施工。十三、楼地面工程1.楼地面工程应根据新规范要求清理基层，设置变形缝（沉降缝、伸缩缝、防震缝）。2.nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 混凝土、水泥砂浆、水磨石面层以及有铺设混凝土板、水磨石板、水泥花砖、地砖、缸砖等的结合层和填缝的水泥砂浆，在面层铺设后均应在常温下浇水养护：水泥砂浆面层压光经24h，混凝土面层经12h，及时满铺锯末、草帘等（湿润）养护，并保持表面连续湿润，至少连续养护7-10昼夜，使其在湿润条件下硬化。水泥砂浆面层强度达到5N／mm2以上，板块面的水泥砂浆结合层强度1.2N／mm2时方准在其上面行走。3.试块制作的组数按施工规范的规定，每一层地面不少于一组。每层地面面积超过1000mm2时，每增加1000m2各增做一组试块，不足1000mm2仍按1000mm2计算。十四、屋面工程1.屋面工程所采用的防水、保温隔热材料应有产品合格证书和性能检测报告，材料的品种、规格、性能等应符合现行国家产品标准和设计要求。进场前应按要求进行取样送检，检验合格后方可进场施工。2.伸出屋面的管道、设备或预埋件等，应在防水层施工前安装完毕，屋面防水层完工后，不得在其上凿孔打洞或重物冲击，屋面工程完工后应进行淋水或蓄水检验。保温层、防水层严禁在雨天和五级风以上（含五级）施工。刚性屋面混凝土浇好后应覆盖草包浇水养护14天，才能进行嵌油膏等下道工序。沥青在施工时要有足够的排风设备，并切实按规定做好防火、防爆工作。3.焊接操作时，施工场地周围应清除易燃易爆物品或进行覆盖、隔离，下雨时应停止露天焊接作业。电焊机外壳必须接地良好，其电源的拆装应由专业电工进行，并应设单独的开关，开关放在防雨的闸箱内。焊钳与把线必须绝缘良好，连接牢固，更换焊条应戴手套。在潮湿地点工作应站在绝缘板或木板上。更换场地或移动把线时应切断电源，不得手持把线爬梯登高。划分动火区域，现场动火作业必须执行审批制度,并明确一、二、三级动火作业手续,落实好防火监护人员。气割作业场所必须清除易燃易爆物品，使用时气瓶间距不得小于5m，气瓶距明火间距不得小于10m（如间距小于10m应设置有效隔离措施）。附件:1.现场平面布置图一张2.施工进度计划表（横道图表示）。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 致　谢通过此次毕业设计，弥补了以前学习过程当中很多的不足。自己的毕业设计，由于经验的匮乏，难免有许多考虑不周全的地方，如果没有王老师的督促指导，以及一起努力的同学的鼎力支持，想要顺利完成这个设计是难以想象的。  在这里，首先要感谢老师。尽管他们工作繁忙，但在我做设计的每个阶段，从建筑面积、工程量的计算到查阅资料、施工方法的确定，中期检查，后期施工组织设计、施工平面图布置等都给予了我悉心的指导。我的设计较为复杂烦琐，但是老师仍然细心地帮助我纠正设计方案和图纸中的错误。  其次，要感谢和我一起做毕业设计同学，他们在本次设计中勤奋工作，并承担了大部分的工作。如果没有他们的努力工作，此次设计的完成将变得非常困难。  然后，还要感谢大学来所有的老师，为我们打下土木专业知识的基础；同时还要感谢所有的同学们，正是因为有了你们的支持和鼓励,此次毕业设计才能顺利完成。感谢与我并肩作战的舍友与同学们，感谢关心我支持我的朋友们，感谢学校领导、老师们，感谢你们给予我的帮助与关怀在毕业设计即将完成之际，我的心情无法平静，从开始毕业任务到设计的顺利完成，有多少可敬的师长、同学、朋友给了我无言的帮助，在这里请接受我诚挚的谢意！谢谢！此致敬礼张祎辰nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 引言该毕业设计为《联创花园34#楼》施工组织设计编制，所涉及的工程总建筑面积约为4265.98㎡，一层层高3.900m,二层层高3.300m，三至六层为住宅，层高均为3.000m，室内外高差0.150m，建筑总高23.090m，四类三级建筑，按六度进行抗震设计设防，结构类型为框架结构。该毕业设计由给定的资料及相应条件，对工程概况、施工部署、施工进度计划安排、施工准备工作、施工测量、定位放线、各分部分项工程施工方法及技术措施、质量保证措施、安全文明生产、季节性施工措施等进行编写，编写主要依据国家现行规范：《建筑工程质量统一验收标准》（GB50300-2001）、《建筑结构荷载规范》（GB50009-2001）、《砌体工程施工质量验收规范》（JGJ137-2001）、《冷轧帯肋钢筋混凝土技术规程》、《混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范》（GB50204-2002）、《屋面工程施工质量验收规范》（GB50207-2002）、《建筑地面工程施工质量验收规范》（GB50209-2002）等，再次表示感谢,由于编写水平有限，书中难免存在缺点和错误，恳请老师指导批评，以便我能改正。nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof [摘要]本次设计是基于《四川世家置业有限公司联创花园34#楼施工图》及各种国家和地方相关建筑行业规范而进行的施工组织设计。为了使该工程的质量达到标准，采用了ISO0991的质量管理体系标准来进行管理施工，安全方面落实了消防和卫生设施。本工程以网络计划为中心。在结构施工阶段，把主体结构作为重点控制对象;在装饰阶段以美观，防水为重点控制目标；在施工中针对不同阶段的重点和施工是的相关条件，制定施工细则，以达到保证进度的实现。本施工组织设计作为主导施工的依据，编制时对目标工期、工程质量、项目管理机构设置、劳动力组织、施工进度计划控制、机械设备、主要部分分项工程施工方法、安全保证措施、文明施工及环境保护措施、降低成本措施等诸多因素尽可能充分考虑，突出科学性及可行性。其次，要感谢和我一起做毕业设计同学，他们在本次设计中勤奋工作，并承担了大部分的工作。如果没有他们的努力工作，此次设计的完成将变得非常困难。  然后，还要感谢大学来所有的老师，为我们打下土木专业知识的基础；同时还要感谢所有的同学们，正是因为有了你们的支持和鼓励,此次毕业设计才能顺利完成。 最后，衷心感谢大学来所有的老师对我的大力栽培。[关键词]施工准备工作施工方法技术措施质量保证措施安全文明生产施工措施nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof 目录第一章工程概况1第一节工程地点、结构形式、开竣工时间等1第二节工程特点及难点1第二章　施工总体布署3第一节组织机构设立3第二节质量目标5第三节工期目标5第四节文明施工目标5第五节安全生产目标5第六节环境保护目标6第三章　施工进度计划安排6第一节施工进度计划总体安排6第二节保证施工进度的措施7第四章　施工准备工作8第一节技术准备8第二节施工准备工作一览表8第三节直运输机械及主要机具的选择8第四节　施工现场临时用电11第五章　施工平面规划布置15第六章　施工测量、定位放线16第一节定位放线、施工测量16/18第七章各分部分项工程施工方法及技术措施24第一节独立柱基础施工方案24第二节主体工程施工方案28第三节装饰工程施工方案45第四节屋面、卫生间防水工程施工方案51第八章质量保证措施57第一节工程质量总目标57第二节质量保证体系58第三节施工质量保证措施58第四节防止质量通病措施58第五节成品保护措施59第六节装饰工程61第七节预防渗漏、开裂的技术措施62第九章安全文明生产63第一节分项工程安全技术措施63第二节用电安全技术65第三节文明施工保证措施67第十章季节性施工措施68第一节雨季施工措施68第二节炎热天气施工措施70nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof nthemainterminal,andthetelephoneOfficeisresponsibleforprovidingtheappropriatesizeadapterpatchpanelsandelectricalprotectionunit.(Shuttlebus)wiring(IDF)setupintheworkshoponthesecondfloorofthebuilding,locatedintheDistrictofweakelectricalcabinets(well).EngineroomplacedinsidetheCabinet,IDFplacedastandard40Ucabinetsforinstallationofnetworkandwiringdevices,managementcomputerandtelephoneinformation.CabinetdistributionframearemadeofSuperfiveRJ45patchpanelhorizontaltwistedpairconnections.Computerinformationmanagement,adminareausingthejumpers,whichusesprivateRJ45-RJ45softjumpersfornetworkdeviceswithjumpershoppingbetweenallswitches,changes,expansionandmaintenanceweredonequicklyinthewiringcloset.TwistedlengthCentreroomislocatedonthesecondfloor,outwardradiationofeachline(exceptsomepointsmayexceed)doesnotexceed100metresinlength,allinformationforthevariousfloorsallrooms(distributionCabinet)unifiedmanagement.Districtworkshopbuildingdistributionlines(IDF)viafiberopticcablesconnectedtothetotalroomcabinets.Fiberlengthwere:workshopstwoIDF:totalmorethan1200squaremeters,doublethenumberofstrandscanbecalculatedbymultiplyingtheaveragelengthofthenumberofinformationpointsare.Averagelevelofeachlengthofcable:L=[(S1+S2)/2]+L1+L2l:averagelengthofcable;L1:MDFcableallowance;L2:otherallowancesS1:minimumhorizontalcablelength;S2:maximumhorizontallengthofcable;Officebuildingofinformation:aminimumof26meters,thelongestwas92meters,L=[(28+92)/2]+2.5+1=62.5m;Totallengthof62.5mx792=49500-meterineachbox(KFT)by300meterspercarton;Thetwisted-paircableboxyouwant=49500÷300=165(KFT);lossesnotincluded,eachabout15meters.Metallineslot,andmetallinetubeof