铁路段路堑开挖施工技术交底

青荣城际铁路Ⅲ标段第二项目部路基工程路基开挖施工技术交底路堑开挖施工技术交底单位工程名称：DK129+020~DK132+770段路基编号：QRCJⅢ-Ⅱ-LJ-JSJD-001工程项目路基工程工程部位DK129+020~DK132+770接受班组工程数量2548m进度要求总体施工组织安排本单位工程起点里程为DK129+020，终点里程为DK132+770，全长2548米，其中1819.67米以路堑形式通过。地层由表层向下依次为粉质黏土、根植土、全风化页岩、强风化页岩，粉质黏土根植土厚度较小，一般不超过50cm，路基大部分采用换填形式，岩层开挖可提供大量石方，用于A、B组填料加工。路堑边坡坡率因设计断面不同一般采用1：1.25、1：1.5和1：1.75三种形式，边坡高度+超过8米增加平台，平台宽度为2米。全段落主要采用机械开挖，部分深路堑开挖困难的，采用钻爆施工。本路基段共分为5个主要挖方段落，各段落工程量及施工周期如下：段落起止长度挖方数量施工周期DK129+020~DK129+481.2461.2419202周DK130+199.54~DK130+638.65 29.111156076周DK131+203.25~DK131+315111.75147491周DK131+620~DK131+886.085266.085307882周DK132+218.475~DK132+770551.52523265312周一、作业方法开挖方式分为一般土质路堑及全风化岩层的机械开挖和石质路堑的爆破开挖两种。二、操作规程1、一般土质路堑及全风化岩层机械开挖Functionsoftheregulationinthepresenceofthecrossoverlapping,departments,unitsshouldpromptlypassgas,timelyreporting,nevershuffledisputesovertrifles,affectthework.Departmentofmunicipalanddistrictandtheunitsaretojointtask.Packagelinkedtotruepackets,notonlytotheidea,way,alsooutput,money.Duringthecomprehensiveimprovement,variousorgansandinstitutionstoeachhalfouthalfdaytime,theorganizationofcadresWorkerstojointareatocarryoutcompulsorylabor,tohelptheoldpeoplecleanupgarbage,remediationofenvironmentalremediation,demonstrationmasses,closerelationsbetweencadresandthemasses.Areashouldtaketheinitiativetoassumethetaskofinvestigating.Thecountytoapanagemanagementresponsibility,withinthejurisdictionoftheworkassoonaspossibletoorganizeadragnetinvestigation,findouttheexistingproblemofregionallocationandscale,inaccordancewiththesizeoftheproblemandarrangementofthecycleofremediationandthecity,theestablishmentofkeyproblemledger,dischargeschedule,apinnumber.Thetownship,streetsandvillages,thecommunitywouldliketoplaythemainrole,fulfillitsresponsibilitytorevealallthedetails,launchanin-depth,meticulouswork,thequalityandquantityofthecompletionofacomprehensiveremediationtasks.第11页共9页 青荣城际铁路Ⅲ标段第二项目部路基工程路基开挖施工技术交底作业方法、操作规程及施工技术要求土方路堑开挖中，根据路堑开挖深度和纵向长度，采取下列方式进行：机械开挖路堑且弃土运距较远时，采用横挖法，用挖掘机配合自卸汽车进行，设置单独的运土通道及临时排水沟，每开挖层台阶保持在3-4米左右。开挖明槽地段，采用分层纵挖法进行。先沿路堑纵向挖掘一通道，然后将通道两侧拓宽。土层通道拓宽至路堑边坡后，再开挖下层通道。对半侧开挖路堑，沿路堑纵向选择一个或几个适宜处，将较薄一侧堑壁横向挖穿，再纵向开挖时，对傍山卸土的运行通道设向内稍低的横坡，同时留有向外排水的通道。土方路堑开挖到距设计高程差值不大时，在开挖段及时依照设计图进行路堑边坡防护，对坡脚进行加固处理。施工时根据测设边桩位置，采用机械开挖，并留0.3～0.5m（冬季施工时预留0.8m）的保护层以利于人工修坡。施工时边坡逐层控制，每10m插杆挂线人工修刷。边坡上若有坑穴，采用挖台阶浆砌片石嵌补。路堑开挖至基床表层时，表面做成4%人字排水坡，表面以下地层不得扰动和泥化，可预先保留30～50cm（冬季施工时预留0.8m）厚暂不开挖，待基床施工时，将其挖除。3、石质路堑开挖石方爆破施工工艺流程如下图。Functionsoftheregulationinthepresenceofthecrossoverlapping,departments,unitsshouldpromptlypassgas,timelyreporting,nevershuffledisputesovertrifles,affectthework.Departmentofmunicipalanddistrictandtheunitsaretojointtask.Packagelinkedtotruepackets,notonlytotheidea,way,alsooutput,money.Duringthecomprehensiveimprovement,variousorgansandinstitutionstoeachhalfouthalfdaytime,theorganizationofcadresWorkerstojointareatocarryoutcompulsorylabor,tohelptheoldpeoplecleanupgarbage,remediationofenvironmentalremediation,demonstrationmasses,closerelationsbetweencadresandthemasses.Areashouldtaketheinitiativetoassumethetaskofinvestigating.Thecountytoapanagemanagementresponsibility,withinthejurisdictionoftheworkassoonaspossibletoorganizeadragnetinvestigation,findouttheexistingproblemofregionallocationandscale,inaccordancewiththesizeoftheproblemandarrangementofthecycleofremediationandthecity,theestablishmentofkeyproblemledger,dischargeschedule,apinnumber.Thetownship,streetsandvillages,thecommunitywouldliketoplaythemainrole,fulfillitsresponsibilitytorevealallthedetails,launchanin-depth,meticulouswork,thequalityandquantityofthecompletionofacomprehensiveremediationtasks.第11页共9页 青荣城际铁路Ⅲ标段第二项目部路基工程路基开挖施工技术交底调查初步方案试爆、确定参数作业指导书上报审批施工准备：机具、防护、警戒区、财产调查登记覆盖防护布孔钻孔调整装药量警戒检查孔位、孔深、方向装药堵塞网络连接结束清理、清方、修坡、嵌补起爆检查石方爆破施工工艺流程2、石方路堑爆破开挖施工（1）控制爆破技术要求严格控制飞石范围、冲击波、地震强度效应等，确保施工现场周围建筑物、人、畜、高压输电线路的安全；维护边坡的稳定，减少爆破对边坡的破坏；控制爆破块度，尽量减少二次破碎工作量；控制爆破噪音和次数。（2）石方爆破施工技术措施Functionsoftheregulationinthepresenceofthecrossoverlapping,departments,unitsshouldpromptlypassgas,timelyreporting,nevershuffledisputesovertrifles,affectthework.Departmentofmunicipalanddistrictandtheunitsaretojointtask.Packagelinkedtotruepackets,notonlytotheidea,way,alsooutput,money.Duringthecomprehensiveimprovement,variousorgansandinstitutionstoeachhalfouthalfdaytime,theorganizationofcadresWorkerstojointareatocarryoutcompulsorylabor,tohelptheoldpeoplecleanupgarbage,remediationofenvironmentalremediation,demonstrationmasses,closerelationsbetweencadresandthemasses.Areashouldtaketheinitiativetoassumethetaskofinvestigating.Thecountytoapanagemanagementresponsibility,withinthejurisdictionoftheworkassoonaspossibletoorganizeadragnetinvestigation,findouttheexistingproblemofregionallocationandscale,inaccordancewiththesizeoftheproblemandarrangementofthecycleofremediationandthecity,theestablishmentofkeyproblemledger,dischargeschedule,apinnumber.Thetownship,streetsandvillages,thecommunitywouldliketoplaythemainrole,fulfillitsresponsibilitytorevealallthedetails,launchanin-depth,meticulouswork,thequalityandquantityofthecompletionofacomprehensiveremediationtasks.第11页共9页 青荣城际铁路Ⅲ标段第二项目部路基工程路基开挖施工技术交底采用预裂爆破法爆破边坡，保证路堑边坡稳定、平整、光滑。深孔爆破及预裂爆破选用钻机钻孔，浅孔爆破风枪钻孔。为减小爆破对边坡的振动破坏，控制爆破大块率，便于装碴施工。路堑石方爆破主要采用硝铵炸药及乳化防水炸药，毫秒雷管进行毫秒微差爆破，同时适当调小炮孔孔距。爆破后大石块用手持风钻钻眼、爆破改小，对满足规范要求的可利用石方，采用挖掘机挖装、自卸车运输至加工厂，不可利用的弃方采用运渣车运至弃土场。路堑边坡应平顺光滑，无明显的凹凸差，边坡突出的个别欠挖部分，人工浅孔爆破凿除清理。边坡上出现的坑洼凹槽人工清除松动岩石，将基座凿平一定宽度的基座面后砌筑嵌补，做到嵌体稳定、表面平顺、周边封严。路基底面用手持风钻钻眼，浅孔爆破开挖、清理至设计标高，对个别凹凸不平处用级配碎石填平。路堑侧沟用小炮爆破开挖成型。（3）石方路基爆破施工方法①施工准备：施工前，与具有民爆资质的民爆公司签订相关合同，达成合作协议，采用民爆公司的管理办法和管理流程进行火工品管理和爆破施工。②爆破设计：施工现场工期要求和人员、设备、开挖高度、钻眼和挖装机械的情况确定梯段分层厚度，钻孔直径和钻孔倾斜角；由岩石性质、临空面等情况，确定爆破参数、起爆顺序和网路设计，报监理工程师批准。③布孔与钻孔：首先按设计的孔距、排距布孔。对台阶面边沿的孔，要特别注意最小抵抗线不要过小，以防最小抵抗线方向出现飞石。钻孔要根据设计要求，确保孔位、方向、倾斜角和孔深。每孔钻完后，将岩石粉吹干净，保持孔内洁净。④装药与堵塞：测量孔深，调整装药量。装药时，要定量定位，要防止卡孔。堵塞的材料选取有一定湿度的粘土，并注意保护好孔中的导爆管。⑤网路联接：为确保网路准爆，采用双雷管双导爆管网路。起爆雷管待网络联结检查合格后、撤出人员后再联结。⑥爆破安全警戒与检查：Functionsoftheregulationinthepresenceofthecrossoverlapping,departments,unitsshouldpromptlypassgas,timelyreporting,nevershuffledisputesovertrifles,affectthework.Departmentofmunicipalanddistrictandtheunitsaretojointtask.Packagelinkedtotruepackets,notonlytotheidea,way,alsooutput,money.Duringthecomprehensiveimprovement,variousorgansandinstitutionstoeachhalfouthalfdaytime,theorganizationofcadresWorkerstojointareatocarryoutcompulsorylabor,tohelptheoldpeoplecleanupgarbage,remediationofenvironmentalremediation,demonstrationmasses,closerelationsbetweencadresandthemasses.Areashouldtaketheinitiativetoassumethetaskofinvestigating.Thecountytoapanagemanagementresponsibility,withinthejurisdictionoftheworkassoonaspossibletoorganizeadragnetinvestigation,findouttheexistingproblemofregionallocationandscale,inaccordancewiththesizeoftheproblemandarrangementofthecycleofremediationandthecity,theestablishmentofkeyproblemledger,dischargeschedule,apinnumber.Thetownship,streetsandvillages,thecommunitywouldliketoplaythemainrole,fulfillitsresponsibilitytorevealallthedetails,launchanin-depth,meticulouswork,thequalityandquantityofthecompletionofacomprehensiveremediationtasks.第11页共9页 青荣城际铁路Ⅲ标段第二项目部路基工程路基开挖施工技术交底起爆之前，人员及机械撤离到安全区，设置安全警戒哨。爆破之后，暂时不要解除警戒，15分钟后由安全员到现场查看情况，发现哑炮应及时处理，处理完毕后方可解除警戒。5)、控制爆破施工工艺和方法①施工工艺：边坡爆破时拟采用控制爆破，控制爆破施工工艺流程如下图爆破控制施工工艺图。测量放样起爆装药、堵塞连接网路炮孔覆盖施工准备钻眼炮眼布置检查、清理现场爆破警戒进入下一循环爆破控制施工工艺图②布眼、钻眼：Functionsoftheregulationinthepresenceofthecrossoverlapping,departments,unitsshouldpromptlypassgas,timelyreporting,nevershuffledisputesovertrifles,affectthework.Departmentofmunicipalanddistrictandtheunitsaretojointtask.Packagelinkedtotruepackets,notonlytotheidea,way,alsooutput,money.Duringthecomprehensiveimprovement,variousorgansandinstitutionstoeachhalfouthalfdaytime,theorganizationofcadresWorkerstojointareatocarryoutcompulsorylabor,tohelptheoldpeoplecleanupgarbage,remediationofenvironmentalremediation,demonstrationmasses,closerelationsbetweencadresandthemasses.Areashouldtaketheinitiativetoassumethetaskofinvestigating.Thecountytoapanagemanagementresponsibility,withinthejurisdictionoftheworkassoonaspossibletoorganizeadragnetinvestigation,findouttheexistingproblemofregionallocationandscale,inaccordancewiththesizeoftheproblemandarrangementofthecycleofremediationandthecity,theestablishmentofkeyproblemledger,dischargeschedule,apinnumber.Thetownship,streetsandvillages,thecommunitywouldliketoplaythemainrole,fulfillitsresponsibilitytorevealallthedetails,launchanin-depth,meticulouswork,thequalityandquantityofthecompletionofacomprehensiveremediationtasks.第11页共9页 青荣城际铁路Ⅲ标段第二项目部路基工程路基开挖施工技术交底先沿设计边坡线按设计坡度布一排预裂炮孔，再沿垂直于线路的方向布置1～2排主炮眼，炮眼布置遵循如下原则并根据现场情况进行调整。在作业面位置，用挖掘机挖除土层，用推土机清除浮土，露出岩层。③预裂炮孔参数：孔距ａ＝0.4～0.6ｍ，孔深L＝2.2～2.4ｍ（台阶高度按２ｍ计）；主炮孔排距ｂ（或最小抵抗线ｗ）ｂ＝0.8～1.0ｍ，孔距Ａ＝1.0～1.2ｍ，孔深Ｌ＝2.0～2.2米。④预裂炮孔：线装药密度ρ＝140～150g／m，装药结构为：每孔装2～3卷2号岩石炸药，堵塞长度0.8～1.0m（大于L／3及最小抵抗线Ｗ）。⑤主炮孔：堵塞长度大于最小抵抗线。钻眼方向为垂直眼，底部为水平眼。⑥爆破网路联结：为确保网路准爆，采用双雷管双导爆管网路。起爆雷管待网络联结检查合格、撤出人员后联结。⑦防护：采用炮被对炮眼进行覆盖防护，炮被用废旧的轮胎剪成条状，编织后用铁丝绑扎。炮被覆盖的方法是：在起爆山体的炮眼表面覆盖炮被，每块炮被四角用粗铁丝拽拉固定在稳定的固定物体上；在炮被上覆盖草垫并放置大块石块压住炮被。⑧起爆：现场爆破指挥员与驻站联络员联络，确认天窗点，现场工作人员对安全警戒进行检查，以上工作无误后，方可实施爆破。⑨爆破检查：爆破之后，暂不要解除警戒，到现场查看，发现哑炮及时处理，处理完毕方能解除警戒。一、施工质量措施1、施工前应对路基工点的地形地貌及地质情况进行核查、补勘，重点是软土、松软土土石界面等特殊地段，与设计地质情况不符时，应及时上报建设、设计和监理单位。Functionsoftheregulationinthepresenceofthecrossoverlapping,departments,unitsshouldpromptlypassgas,timelyreporting,nevershuffledisputesovertrifles,affectthework.Departmentofmunicipalanddistrictandtheunitsaretojointtask.Packagelinkedtotruepackets,notonlytotheidea,way,alsooutput,money.Duringthecomprehensiveimprovement,variousorgansandinstitutionstoeachhalfouthalfdaytime,theorganizationofcadresWorkerstojointareatocarryoutcompulsorylabor,tohelptheoldpeoplecleanupgarbage,remediationofenvironmentalremediation,demonstrationmasses,closerelationsbetweencadresandthemasses.Areashouldtaketheinitiativetoassumethetaskofinvestigating.Thecountytoapanagemanagementresponsibility,withinthejurisdictionoftheworkassoonaspossibletoorganizeadragnetinvestigation,findouttheexistingproblemofregionallocationandscale,inaccordancewiththesizeoftheproblemandarrangementofthecycleofremediationandthecity,theestablishmentofkeyproblemledger,dischargeschedule,apinnumber.Thetownship,streetsandvillages,thecommunitywouldliketoplaythemainrole,fulfillitsresponsibilitytorevealallthedetails,launchanin-depth,meticulouswork,thequalityandquantityofthecompletionofacomprehensiveremediationtasks.第11页共9页 青荣城际铁路Ⅲ标段第二项目部路基工程路基开挖施工技术交底工程质量安全环保措施及标准2、施工前应对本段线路范围内的地下管线进行探测核对并采取拆迁或可靠的保护措施。3、施工前应及时完善排水系统，临时排水设施应与原排水系统及永久排水设施相结合，保证施工场地排水通畅。4、路基填料及路基防护所用材料的指标、材料性能应满足设计及有关标准要求。5、路堑施工做好堑顶截、排水，完善排水系统，防止表水冲刷开挖面或局部积水，恶化边界条件，影响边坡稳定，临时排水设施应与原排水系统及永久性排水设施相结合。天沟应及时铺砌或采取其他防护措施。6、路堑应自上而下分级、分段、分层开挖并及时进行防护，严禁掏底开挖。各种防护应在稳定的坡脚和坡体上施工。对防护的坡体表面应先进行处理，保证防护设施与土石坡面密贴结合。路堑开挖应做好土石方开挖与加固防护工程的结合，堑坡形成后应及时进行挡护工程施工，严禁长时间曝露。掩体破碎、土质松散或有水地段宜在旱季施工，并应分段施工，不应长段拉槽挖基、严禁雨天施工土质路堑并同时做好开挖堑坡的临时防护工作。7、路堑开挖应按设计要求的边坡坡率开挖，并应保持坡面平顺，当路堑边坡设有平台时应按设计要求设4％的外向排水横坡。8、路堑开挖至基床换填底面高程时，开挖面应平顺整齐，并按照设计做成两侧的横向排水坡，换填底面以下不得扰动和泥化。9、路堑基床换填填料、压实标准应按照路基相应部位填料要求执行。10、软质岩，强风化的硬质岩及土质路堑开挖至基床底层换填底面时，必须加强监测，确保动应力范围内的地基土质均匀，并具有足够的强度与抗变形能力。对土质地基、全风化岩除进行原位测试检测外，还应进行Evd、Ev2、Ev2/Ev1等检测。对不满足基床相应部位强度要求的，及时通知有关单位并采取加大换填深度或进行加固处理。对有在纵横向土石组合或土质不均地段，应按纵横向过渡段要求进行处理。二、施工质量标准1、认真按照设计及规范要求的质量检测项目、频率进行检验和控制。2、路堑开挖过程中始终保持排水系统畅通。路堑按设计标高排水，临时排水沟与永久排水沟相结合，按现场施工情况，临时排水沟暂时开挖在离边坡坡脚3.1m范围内。Functionsoftheregulationinthepresenceofthecrossoverlapping,departments,unitsshouldpromptlypassgas,timelyreporting,nevershuffledisputesovertrifles,affectthework.Departmentofmunicipalanddistrictandtheunitsaretojointtask.Packagelinkedtotruepackets,notonlytotheidea,way,alsooutput,money.Duringthecomprehensiveimprovement,variousorgansandinstitutionstoeachhalfouthalfdaytime,theorganizationofcadresWorkerstojointareatocarryoutcompulsorylabor,tohelptheoldpeoplecleanupgarbage,remediationofenvironmentalremediation,demonstrationmasses,closerelationsbetweencadresandthemasses.Areashouldtaketheinitiativetoassumethetaskofinvestigating.Thecountytoapanagemanagementresponsibility,withinthejurisdictionoftheworkassoonaspossibletoorganizeadragnetinvestigation,findouttheexistingproblemofregionallocationandscale,inaccordancewiththesizeoftheproblemandarrangementofthecycleofremediationandthecity,theestablishmentofkeyproblemledger,dischargeschedule,apinnumber.Thetownship,streetsandvillages,thecommunitywouldliketoplaythemainrole,fulfillitsresponsibilitytorevealallthedetails,launchanin-depth,meticulouswork,thequalityandquantityofthecompletionofacomprehensiveremediationtasks.第11页共9页 青荣城际铁路Ⅲ标段第二项目部路基工程路基开挖施工技术交底3、边坡坡面要平整且稳定无隐患，局部凹凸差不大于15cm，边坡上若有坑穴，采用挖台阶浆砌片石嵌补。边坡防护封闭无变形、开裂。4、石质路堑采用爆破法开挖，严格控制用药量，爆破不得造成边坡隐患和对相邻建筑物的损伤或隐患。5、路堑开挖边坡坡率不应陡于设计值。6、路堑边坡变坡里程应符合设计。7、路堑基床底层范围内不得含有比贯入阻力ps＜1.8MPa或地基承载力σ0小于0.2MPa的土层，否则采用换填、改良或加固处理。8、路堑边坡变坡点位置、边坡及侧沟平台施工的允许偏差、检验数量及检验方法如下表。路堑边坡变坡点位置、边坡及侧沟平台的允许偏差序号检验项目允许偏差检验数量检验方法1变坡点位置±100mm沿线路纵向每100m单侧边坡各抽样检验6点测量仪器测量或尺量2平台位置±100mm测量仪器测量或尺量3平台宽度±50mm尺量注：变坡点按路肩以上高度计，平台位置以平台顶面标高计。三、安全要求1、危险源及危险因素的确定本段路堑施工中考虑以下主要危险源、危险因素：（1）高边坡、不良地质、周边环境复杂路堑工程；（2）施工影响范围内的既有建（构）筑物、设备、管线等；（3）毗邻和施工范围内的既有交通设施；（4）影响施工的水；（5）危岩和坡面坡顶危石；（6）爆破器材的运输、储存、使用、销毁等及爆破施工；（7）弃土作业。2、安全规程及安全措施（1）高边坡、不良地质段、周边环境复杂、爆破施工等路堑工程编制专项安全施工方案，报审批合格后方可进行施工。（2）机械设备的管理与防护符合以下相关规定：Functionsoftheregulationinthepresenceofthecrossoverlapping,departments,unitsshouldpromptlypassgas,timelyreporting,nevershuffledisputesovertrifles,affectthework.Departmentofmunicipalanddistrictandtheunitsaretojointtask.Packagelinkedtotruepackets,notonlytotheidea,way,alsooutput,money.Duringthecomprehensiveimprovement,variousorgansandinstitutionstoeachhalfouthalfdaytime,theorganizationofcadresWorkerstojointareatocarryoutcompulsorylabor,tohelptheoldpeoplecleanupgarbage,remediationofenvironmentalremediation,demonstrationmasses,closerelationsbetweencadresandthemasses.Areashouldtaketheinitiativetoassumethetaskofinvestigating.Thecountytoapanagemanagementresponsibility,withinthejurisdictionoftheworkassoonaspossibletoorganizeadragnetinvestigation,findouttheexistingproblemofregionallocationandscale,inaccordancewiththesizeoftheproblemandarrangementofthecycleofremediationandthecity,theestablishmentofkeyproblemledger,dischargeschedule,apinnumber.Thetownship,streetsandvillages,thecommunitywouldliketoplaythemainrole,fulfillitsresponsibilitytorevealallthedetails,launchanin-depth,meticulouswork,thequalityandquantityofthecompletionofacomprehensiveremediationtasks.第11页共9页 青荣城际铁路Ⅲ标段第二项目部路基工程路基开挖施工技术交底机械进场前，调查行驶道路和作业现场的情况，了解影响范围内既有建（构）筑物和设备的分布，探明地下和空中的管线并制定相应的安全措施。作业场地及行走范围保持平整并满足相应的承载力等要求。机械系统的能力要与施工要求相匹配，现场装配由专业人员负责。作业时严格按照操作规程操作。大型机械作业或多机配合作业时，设专人统一协调指挥。作业人员登高检查或维修时系安全带并防止坠物伤人。大雾、暴雨、大风等气候条件下提前对现场机械采取防护措施。情况特别恶劣时停止作业。（3）路堑工程施工期间，由专人对施工影响范围内的情况进行监测、巡查，发现异常立即停工，撤离机具和人员，并及时采取安全措施。（4）路堑开挖前，先做好引、截、排水和防渗设施。施工中如遇地下水涌出，先排水，后开挖；每级边坡开挖后及时施作坡面防护和排水设施。（5）开挖高陡边坡、崩塌、落石和岩堆地段路堑，先清理危石，修建拦截设施，并设警示标志和专人防护。（6）清理危石、刷破自上而下进行，严禁上下重叠作业。（7）靠近既有线施工时，在既有线一侧设置防护措施，严禁材料、机具侵限；开挖过程中随时观测坡面稳定情况，有裂缝、危石和塌方迹象时及时采取有效措施；编制合理的、切实可行的安全专项施工方案。四、环保要求1、设立环保机构，切实贯彻环保法规，严格执行国家及地方政府颁布的有关环境保护、水土保持的法规、方针、政策和法令，结合设计文件和工程实际，及时提出有关环保措施。2、采用有效措施，消除施工污染，施工和生活废水采用沉淀池、化粪池等方式处理，清洗集料或含有油污的废水采用集油池的方式处理，不得污染水源及耕地。施工地点严控噪音及尘埃污染。施工便道经常洒水，防止尘土飞扬。3、在场地清理过程中，各种材料、设备按规定堆放整齐。不得占用施工便道和已有道路。4、施工所产生的垃圾和废弃物物质，根据不同情况，分别处理，不得裸露弃置。Functionsoftheregulationinthepresenceofthecrossoverlapping,departments,unitsshouldpromptlypassgas,timelyreporting,nevershuffledisputesovertrifles,affectthework.Departmentofmunicipalanddistrictandtheunitsaretojointtask.Packagelinkedtotruepackets,notonlytotheidea,way,alsooutput,money.Duringthecomprehensiveimprovement,variousorgansandinstitutionstoeachhalfouthalfdaytime,theorganizationofcadresWorkerstojointareatocarryoutcompulsorylabor,tohelptheoldpeoplecleanupgarbage,remediationofenvironmentalremediation,demonstrationmasses,closerelationsbetweencadresandthemasses.Areashouldtaketheinitiativetoassumethetaskofinvestigating.Thecountytoapanagemanagementresponsibility,withinthejurisdictionoftheworkassoonaspossibletoorganizeadragnetinvestigation,findouttheexistingproblemofregionallocationandscale,inaccordancewiththesizeoftheproblemandarrangementofthecycleofremediationandthecity,theestablishmentofkeyproblemledger,dischargeschedule,apinnumber.Thetownship,streetsandvillages,thecommunitywouldliketoplaythemainrole,fulfillitsresponsibilitytorevealallthedetails,launchanin-depth,meticulouswork,thequalityandquantityofthecompletionofacomprehensiveremediationtasks.第11页共9页 青荣城际铁路Ⅲ标段第二项目部路基工程路基开挖施工技术交底测量放样该段里程为：DK129+020~DK132+770，此段范围内主要控制点有设计提供CPI057，CPI057，CPII209，CPII210，CPII211，CPII212，CPII213，自行加密报验：212-1，，212-2，212-3，B03，B04，B05，B06.附相关控制点坐标。路基施工前，应根据恢复的路线中桩、设计图表、施工工艺和有关规定钉出路基用地界桩和路堤坡脚、路堑堑顶、边沟、取土坑、护坡道、弃土堆等的具体位置桩。桩上标明极号与路中心填挖高，用(+)表示填方，用(一)表示挖方。清表后，根据坐标法和填挖宽度计算法，放样出路基挖方的开口线。施工过程中，当挖方段落开挖至第一级平台位置时，根据坐标法，放样出第一级平台内侧宽度，根据平台宽度再刷坡。其他平台依次采用同样的方法放样，直至到达路面结构层的设计标高。高边坡的测量放样，根据施工段落桩号，直线段每隔10米（曲线段5米），放样出坡顶和坡脚。 在放完边桩后，应进行边坡放样，对深挖高填地段，每挖2~5米都要放出该挖方的坡脚处，检查是否符合设计坡度并放样线桩开挖点，测定其标高解决下一道开挖坡度要求.取土坑放样时，应在坑的边缘设立明显标志，注明土场供应里程桩号及挖掘深度。爆破设计重大危险源的应急救援措施成品保护措施Functionsoftheregulationinthepresenceofthecrossoverlapping,departments,unitsshouldpromptlypassgas,timelyreporting,nevershuffledisputesovertrifles,affectthework.Departmentofmunicipalanddistrictandtheunitsaretojointtask.Packagelinkedtotruepackets,notonlytotheidea,way,alsooutput,money.Duringthecomprehensiveimprovement,variousorgansandinstitutionstoeachhalfouthalfdaytime,theorganizationofcadresWorkerstojointareatocarryoutcompulsorylabor,tohelptheoldpeoplecleanupgarbage,remediationofenvironmentalremediation,demonstrationmasses,closerelationsbetweencadresandthemasses.Areashouldtaketheinitiativetoassumethetaskofinvestigating.Thecountytoapanagemanagementresponsibility,withinthejurisdictionoftheworkassoonaspossibletoorganizeadragnetinvestigation,findouttheexistingproblemofregionallocationandscale,inaccordancewiththesizeoftheproblemandarrangementofthecycleofremediationandthecity,theestablishmentofkeyproblemledger,dischargeschedule,apinnumber.Thetownship,streetsandvillages,thecommunitywouldliketoplaythemainrole,fulfillitsresponsibilitytorevealallthedetails,launchanin-depth,meticulouswork,thequalityandquantityofthecompletionofacomprehensiveremediationtasks.第11页共9页 青荣城际铁路Ⅲ标段第二项目部路基工程路基开挖施工技术交底施工注意事项1、路堑开挖过程中，要加强断面高程检查，避免超挖或欠挖。2、开挖至设计标高时，人工拉线整平表面作出路拱。3、开挖的碎石运至弃土位置进行废弃。4、石质路堑开挖宜采用松动爆破，严禁采用峒室爆破。石质边坡坡面应采用光面或预裂爆破开挖。5、爆破不得导致路堑各部和相邻建筑物的损伤和隐患6、对坡面中出现的坑穴、凹槽杂物进行清理，嵌补平整。路堑较高时按设计做出平台位置，路堑平台做成一定坡度，确保不积水。7、黄土路堑坡顶至相当于边坡高度再加5m距离内的地面坑洼进行填平，以确保路堑边坡的稳定。8、施工中保持坡面平整，严禁乱挖。若路堑边坡有变形迹象，不可随便刷方，立即研究对策、采取措施。主要附件1、设计图纸3、参数表2、施工草图4、签到表施工负责人工程技术负责人安全员质量监督检查员交底人交底时间工段长签知班组签知Functionsoftheregulationinthepresenceofthecrossoverlapping,departments,unitsshouldpromptlypassgas,timelyreporting,nevershuffledisputesovertrifles,affectthework.Departmentofmunicipalanddistrictandtheunitsaretojointtask.Packagelinkedtotruepackets,notonlytotheidea,way,alsooutput,money.Duringthecomprehensiveimprovement,variousorgansandinstitutionstoeachhalfouthalfdaytime,theorganizationofcadresWorkerstojointareatocarryoutcompulsorylabor,tohelptheoldpeoplecleanupgarbage,remediationofenvironmentalremediation,demonstrationmasses,closerelationsbetweencadresandthemasses.Areashouldtaketheinitiativetoassumethetaskofinvestigating.Thecountytoapanagemanagementresponsibility,withinthejurisdictionoftheworkassoonaspossibletoorganizeadragnetinvestigation,findouttheexistingproblemofregionallocationandscale,inaccordancewiththesizeoftheproblemandarrangementofthecycleofremediationandthecity,theestablishmentofkeyproblemledger,dischargeschedule,apinnumber.Thetownship,streetsandvillages,thecommunitywouldliketoplaythemainrole,fulfillitsresponsibilitytorevealallthedetails,launchanin-depth,meticulouswork,thequalityandquantityofthecompletionofacomprehensiveremediationtasks.第11页共9页