隧道工程作业指导书云桂项目部.doc

新建云桂铁路云南段2标段隧道工程 编号：YGT2-ZYZDS隧-01   隧道开挖施工作业指导书  单位：中铁二十五局集团有限公司云桂铁路云南段项目经理部编制：审核：批准： 2010年7月30日发布2010年8月1日实施ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 隧道开挖施工作业指导书一.编制依据1.1根据云桂铁路云南段2标段设计图；1.2根据铁道部和交通部现行的设计规范、施工规范、验收标准等有关文件。1.3铁道部门已推行成熟的施工方法。1.4有关现场踏勘调查资料，水文地质调查资料。1.5从事类似铁路工程中积累的施工经验、技术总结及现有的施工力量和机械设备、装备情况。二、适用范围本作业指导书适用于中铁二十五局云桂铁路项目经理部隧道施工工程。三、作业准备3.1.开挖前，进行施工测量，作原地面记录，结合设计图纸，制定施工方案。3.2.检查边、仰坡以上的山体稳定情况，清除悬石，处理危石，施工期间不间断监测与相应防护。3.3.对设计有加固措施的进行加固处理。四、技术要求4.1.台阶法4.1.1．超前地质预报：探测前方地质岩性、地质构造，综合分析研究，调整和确定施工方法和参数。4.1.2.测量放线：每一循环后及时放出开挖轮廓线，ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 测定隧道中线、高程。4.1.3.开挖台阶长度根据地质和开挖断面跨度及装渣等情况确定，一般采用3～5m。4.1.4.下台阶在上台阶喷射混凝土达到设计强度70℅以上时开挖。仰拱开挖处以栈桥通过。4.1.5.检查开挖断面超欠挖值，拱部控制在15cm左右，边墙控制在10cm；严格控制欠挖，拱脚和墙脚以上1m内断面严禁欠挖。每次开挖完毕，应及时施作初期支护，及早成环。4.2.三台阶七步开挖法4.2.1.超前地质预报：探测地层岩性、地质构造，综合分析研究，及时调整和确定施工方法和参数。4.2.2.测量放线：每一循环测量放线一次各部分开挖轮廓线、隧道中线、高程。4.2.3.开挖前施作超前支护，施工顺序：上部弧形导坑开挖（1），左、右侧中台阶开挖（2、3），左、右侧下台阶开挖（4、5），上、中、下台阶核心土开挖（6-1、6-2、6-3），隧底开挖（7），数字代表部位，见附图。开挖中各台阶长度、循环进尺、左右台阶错开长度、上下台阶高度严格控制。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 4.2.4.初期支护喷射混凝土强度达到设计强度的70％以上时进行下一部分的开挖。每一步支护前，都进行围岩量测，确定围岩的稳定性并指导下一循环施工。4.2.5.检测开挖断面超欠挖值，拱部控制在15cm左右，边墙控制在10cm；严格控制欠挖，拱脚和墙脚以上1m内断面严禁欠挖。开挖后及时施作锚喷支护、安装钢架支撑，各部工序之间紧密衔接。4.2.6.初期支护先上后下，分步实施，及时封闭成环。及早施作仰拱和二次衬砌，防止隧道边墙变形过大失稳。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 4.3.双侧壁导坑法4.3.1.超前地质预报：每循环需要进行一次，探测地层岩性、地质构造，综合分析研究，及时修正或确定施工方法。4.3.2.测量放线：每一循环放一次开挖轮廓线，测定隧道中线、高程。4.3.3.开挖施工顺序：中部左侧开挖（1），下部左侧开挖（2），中部右侧开挖（3），下部右侧开挖（4），隧底左侧开挖（5），隧底右侧开挖（6），上部拱顶开挖（7），中间中部开挖（8），中间下部开挖（9），隧底中部开挖（10）,数字代表部位见附图。4.3.4.侧壁导坑超前中部10～20m，开挖中各台阶长度、循环进尺、左右台阶错开长度、上下台阶高度严格控制。4.3.5.ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 初期支护喷射混凝土强度达到设计强度的70％以上时进行下一部分的开挖。每循环开挖一部后，及时施作初期支护。4.3.6.临时支护拆除必须在监控量测确定围岩变形稳定之后进行，拆除顺序、长度按设计要求实施。4.3.7.检测开挖断面超欠挖值，拱部控制在15cm左右，边墙控制在10cm；严格控制欠挖，拱脚和墙脚以上1m内断面严禁欠挖。五.隧道开挖施工方法及工艺5.1方案设计要求本线隧道按新奥法原理组织施工，根据地质条件、断面开挖宽度的不同，可以采用台阶法、三台阶七步开挖法、双侧壁导坑法进行施工。并要根据不同围岩级别及周边环境选择相应工法，应根据监控量测结果，适时施作二次衬砌。按“新奥法”组织施工，软岩采用机械或人工开挖，硬岩开挖采用光面爆破、预裂爆破技术。在不同围岩的开挖方法见下表。围岩级别开挖方法进尺长度（m）Ⅱ级围岩全断面法3.5Ⅲ级围岩台阶法3.1Ⅳ级围岩三台阶法2.1Ⅴ级围岩大拱脚台阶法0.6～1.2Ⅴ级围岩双侧壁导坑法0.6～1.2隧道开挖前，首先完成洞口截水沟、洞口土方及边仰坡防护施工。洞口土方采用挖掘机配合装载机自上而下分层施工，大型自卸汽车运输，并及时做好坡面防护，开挖一段（台阶）防护一段（台阶）。洞口明洞采用明挖法施工，开挖至明暗分界线后，先作钢拱架混凝土套拱，然后在明洞位置留核心土，分层施作大管棚，ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 立即做好明洞衬砌，随后进入暗洞施工，待明洞混凝土达到设计规定的强度后及时进行明洞洞顶回填。暗洞开挖根据围岩情况采用适当工法进行开挖。5.2施工工艺5.2.1全断面开挖Ⅱ级围岩整体性较好，采用全断面光面爆破开挖（开挖顺序见II级围岩开挖示意图），锚喷初期支护，采用凿岩机钻孔，Ⅱ级围岩开挖进尺3.5m。出渣采用装载机或挖掘装载机装渣，采用带废气净化装置的自卸汽车运渣。全断面液压衬砌钢模台车衬砌。全断面法施工工艺见“全断面法施工工艺流程图”。钻孔1－全断面开挖出渣2－初期支护3—铺底4－拱墙衬砌水沟电缆槽施工围岩量测全断面法施工工艺流程图全断面开挖示意图5.2.2台阶法开挖Ⅲ级围岩采用台阶法开挖，台阶法施工将断面分为上下两部分（见III级围岩开挖示意图）。上台阶长度30m，下台阶长度为10mConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 ，为了保证开挖轮廓圆顺、准确，维护围岩自身承载能力，减少对围岩的扰动，拱部及边墙采用光面爆破。上台阶断面采用简易工作台架、YT28风钻钻孔；下台阶断面采用凿岩机钻孔，Ⅲ级围岩开挖进尺3.1m。采用装载机装渣，自卸汽车运渣。全断面液压衬砌钢模台车衬砌。台阶法施工工艺见“台阶法施工工艺流程图”。台阶法施工工艺流程图上断面开挖拱部初期支护下断面开挖边墙初期支护仰拱混凝土浇筑监控量测二次衬砌混凝土施工台阶法开挖示意图5.2.3三台阶开挖法Ⅳ级围岩采用三台阶法开挖，台阶法施工将断面分为上中下三部分（见Ⅳ级围岩开挖示意图）。上台阶长度5m，中台阶长度6m，下台阶长度为ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 6m，为了保证开挖轮廓圆顺、准确，维护围岩自身承载能力，减少对围岩的扰动，拱部及边墙采用光面爆破。上台阶采用简易工作台架、YT28风钻钻孔；Ⅳ级围岩开挖进尺2.1m。采用挖掘机装渣，自卸汽车运渣。全断面液压衬砌钢模台车衬砌。三台阶开挖法施工工艺流程图测量放样超前支护上部弧形导坑开挖，并施作初期支护施作仰拱施做仰拱填充左右错位开挖中台阶，施作初期支护左右错位开挖下台阶，施作初期支护分三台阶开挖中部，并施作初期支护施作初支仰拱使初期支护封闭成环仰拱开挖围岩监控量测围岩稳定性评判、修正施工方案、确定二衬施作时间二次衬砌ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 三台阶开挖示意图5.2.4大拱脚台阶开挖法V级围岩地段采用大拱脚台阶开挖法施工，尽量采用人工风镐配合长臂挖掘机开挖，侧翻式挖掘机装碴，自卸汽车运输。必要时采用微振动爆破，YT28风钻钻眼，非电毫秒雷管起爆，每循环进尺0.8m。施工工序:⑴弱爆破开挖①部；施作①部台阶周边的初期支护和临时支护，即初喷4cm厚混凝土，铺设钢筋网，架立大拱脚钢架，并设锁脚锚杆；钻设径向锚杆后复喷混凝土至设计厚度。⑵弱爆破开挖②部；台阶周边部分初喷4cm厚混凝土，铺设钢筋网；接长钢架，并设锁脚锚杆；钻设径向锚杆后复喷混凝土至设计厚度。⑶在滞后于②部一段距离后，弱爆破开挖③部；施作隧底喷混凝土。⑷灌筑Ⅳ部仰拱与边墙基础。⑸灌筑仰拱填充Ⅴ部至设计高度。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 ⑹利用衬砌模板台车一次性灌筑Ⅵ部衬砌（拱墙衬砌一次施作）。大拱脚台阶法施工工序横断面ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 大拱脚台阶法施工工序纵断面（示意）大拱脚台阶法施工工序平面（示意）ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 5.2.5双侧壁导坑法施工工序ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 ⑴、①部开挖方法：利用上一循环架立的钢架施作隧道超前管棚支护及导坑侧壁ф22水平锚杆超前支护（利用导向墙施作大管棚）。非爆破开挖①部。喷8cm厚混凝土封闭掌子面。施作①部周边的初期支护和临时支护，即初喷4cm厚混凝土，安设钢筋网，架立I20a钢架和I18临时钢架，并设锁脚锚杆，设I18横撑。I20a钢架内侧安设第二层钢筋网，钻设径向锚杆后复喷混凝土至设计厚度。⑵、②部开挖方法：非爆破开挖②部。喷8cm厚混凝土封闭掌子面。导坑周边初喷4cm厚混凝土并安设钢筋网。接长I20a钢架和I18临时钢架，并设锁脚锚杆，安设I18横撑。I20a钢架内侧安设第二层钢筋网，钻设径向锚杆后复喷混凝土至设计厚度。⑶、非爆开挖③部并施作导坑周边的初期支护和临时支护，步骤及工序同2；⑷、非爆破开挖④部并施作导坑周边的初期支护和临时支护，步骤及工序同1；⑸、非爆破开挖⑤部并施作导坑周边的初期支护和临时支护，步骤及工序同2；ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 ⑹、非爆破开挖⑥部并施作导坑周边的初期支护和临时支护，步骤及工序同2；⑺、⑦部开挖方法：利用上一循环架立的钢架施作隧道超前管棚支护（利用导向墙施作大棚）。非爆破开挖⑦部。喷8cm厚混凝土封闭掌子面。施作⑦部导坑周边的初期支护，即初喷4cm厚混凝土，安设钢筋网，架立I20a钢架，安设第二层钢筋网。钻设径向锚杆后复喷混凝土至设计厚度。⑻、非爆破开挖⑧部。⑼、非爆破开挖⑨部。⑽⑩部开挖方法：在滞后于③部一段后，非爆破开挖⑩部。隧底周边4cm厚初喷混凝土。接长I20a钢筋和I18临时钢架。复喷混凝土至设计厚度。⑾、部开挖方法：在滞后于⑥部一段后，非爆破开挖部。隧底周边4cm厚混凝土。接长I20a钢筋和I18临时钢架。复喷混凝土至设计厚度。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 ⑿、部开挖方法：非爆破开挖。隧道底部初喷4cm厚混凝土，安设I20a钢架封闭成环。复喷混凝土至设计厚度拆除原两侧壁I18临钢架最下一单元，并使上部钢架基底移至部或部填充顶面。⒀、灌筑部仰拱部分及部隧底填充部分（仰拱与隧底填充应分次施作）。⒁、临时钢架的拆除及后续施工：根据监控量测结果分析，待初期支护收敛后（与仰拱间距25～30m），拆除I18临时钢架及临时横撑。按设计要求进行后续工作施工。⒂、施工注意事项：隧道施工应坚持“先治水、短进尺、弱爆破、强支护、勤量测、早封闭”的原则；均采用非爆破开挖。导坑开挖孔径及台阶高度可根据施工机具、人员等安排进行适当调整。工序变化之处钢架（或临时钢架）应设锁脚锚杆，钢架基底应牢固可靠以确保钢架基础稳定。钢架之间纵向连接钢筋应及时施作并连接牢固。对导坑底部用枕木进行支垫必须高于底横撑面，并留足可能的空隙，减少行车对钢支撑扰动。六、施工要求ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 6.1.1.利用TSP、水平地质钻机等对隧道前方工程水文地质调查，分析研究，调整开挖进尺和钻爆参数。6.1.2.每循环开挖断面都应进行中线、高程测量放线，放样开挖轮廓线及方向点。6.1.3.开挖前施作超前支护，先开挖上半断面，后开挖下半断面。6.1.4.爆破施工人员佩戴安全和劳动防护用品。①凿岩机钻眼时，掏槽眼的眼口间距与深度误差为5cm。周边眼的间距误差为5cm，眼底不超过开挖轮廓线15cm。②严禁在残眼处再次钻眼。③炸药领取、运输、装填、连线、起爆均由专业人员持证施工。爆破时，必须统一指挥。①弃渣场地符合设计与环保要求。每一步支护前，都应进行围岩量测，确定围岩的稳定性并指导下一循环施工。七、劳动力组织管理人员：作业队长1人，技术主管1人，副队长1人，施工员3人，技术员1人，试验员2，安质员1人。作业人员：开挖班25人、喷锚班14人、运输班10人、综合班8人四个班组共57人。八、主要机具设备机械：挖掘机1台、装载机1台、自卸车5台、湿喷机2台、YT28风钻20台、压浆机1台。九、质量控制标准及检验隧道开挖断面允许超挖值（单位：cm）ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 围岩条件类别开挖部位ⅠⅡ～ⅣⅤ～Ⅵ拱部平均线性超挖10平均线性超挖15平均线性超挖10最大值超挖20最大值超挖25最大值超挖15边墙平均10平均10平均109.1.质量检测9.1.1.中线及高程应符合设计要求，使用全站仪和水准仪进行检测，技术人员每一开挖循环检查一次。9.1.2.隧道不应欠挖，当围岩完整、石质坚硬时，方允许岩石个别突出部分（每1m2不大于0.1m2）侵入衬砌应小于5cm。拱脚和墙脚以上1m内严禁断面欠挖。隧底开挖底部高程应符合设计要求，隧底范围岩石局部突出每平方米内不应大于0.1m2，侵入断面不大于5cm。9.1.3.洞身开挖中，地质工程师应在每一次开挖后及时观察、描述开挖面地层的层理、节理、裂隙结构状况、岩体的软硬程度、出水量大小等，核对地质情况，判断围岩稳定性。要求地质工程师每开挖一环，应立即对工程地质进行素描。9.1.4.光面爆破或预裂爆破的炮眼痕迹保存率，硬岩应不大于等于80%，中硬岩应大于等于60%，并在开挖轮廓线上均匀分布。要求技术人员每一开挖循环检查一次炮眼痕迹保存率。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 9.1.5复合式衬砌的开挖断面除满足隧道净空的要求外，应预留变形量，设计时可按下表选用，预留变形量数值在浅埋、硬岩隧道取最小值，深埋、软岩隧道取大值。预留变形量（mm）围堰级别ⅡⅢⅣⅣ（加强）ⅤⅤ（加强）预留变形量30-5050-8080-10080-100100-150100-150隧道周边围岩变形量与隧道跨度、施工方法、施工质量等多种因素有关，在施工中应根据量测结果进行分析，及时调整下一段同级围岩的预留变形量，以防止围岩的实际变形量超过预留变形量造成二次衬砌侵限，同时也可以避免因预留变形量过大而造成二次衬砌厚度过大或增加回填数量。9.2.质量保证措施隧道不良地质地段施工坚持“先治水、短进尺、弱爆破、强支护、勤量测、早封闭”的原则。开挖前，做好超前地质预报，根据预测结果采取合理的开挖方法和支护措施。成立超欠挖管理领导小组，编制超欠挖管理办法，制订详细的奖罚措施，并严格执行。派专人负责超欠挖控制，每次爆破由专业工程师值班检查监督爆破全过程，以保证钻爆作业按设计进行。采用预裂爆破，减少对周边围岩的搅动，保证开挖成型质量。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 每循环用断面仪对开挖面进行检查，并根据检查结果进行分析，及时将分析的信息反馈到施工中，不断优化设计，以进一步改进光面爆破质量。施工时设备操作人员相对固定，以利于提高钻眼质量。仰拱距掌子面距离：Ⅲ围岩不超过90m，Ⅳ围岩不超过50m，Ⅴ级及以上不超过40m。二次衬砌距掌子面距离：Ⅰ、Ⅱ级围岩不超过过200m，Ⅲ级不超过120m，Ⅳ级及以上围岩不超过90m。十、安全及环保要求10.1.安全要求10.1.1.施工前对全体作业人员进行培训，增强施工人员安全意识；10.1.2.施工时必须选用经检验合格的料具，防止机械事故的发生；10.1.3.施工作业平台必须搭设牢固，平整；10.1.4.注浆作业人员必须按要求配带防护用品，不得直接接触浆液；10.1.5.施工的各班组间，应建立完善的交接班制度，并将施工、安全等情况记载于交接班的记录簿内。工地值班负责人应认真检查交接班情况；10.1.6.所有进入隧道工地的人员，必须按规定配带安全帽等安全防护用品，遵章守纪，现场有专人指挥；10.1.7.无关人员严禁入场；10.1.8.在钻孔作业中，要采取措施防止孔口喷水突泥，如有发生应及时处理；10.1.9.爆破后及时撬帮、找顶，对有垮帮、掉块迹象的要及时清理；10.1.10.架立钢架时，防止倾覆伤人。10.2.环保要求ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 隧道内、搅拌站以及其他施工区产生的施工污水经治理净化处理后排放，不直接排入河道。生活污水采取二级生化或化粪池等措施进行净化处理，生活废水必须经沉淀处理，经检查符合标准后方可排放。保护自然水流形态，做到不淤、不堵、不留施工隐患，不阻塞河道。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 新建云桂铁路云南段2标段隧道工程 编号：YGT2-ZYZDS隧-02   隧道喷射混凝土施工作业指导书  单位：中铁二十五局集团有限公司云桂铁路云南段项目经理部编制：审核：批准：2010年7月30日发布2010年8月1日实施隧道喷射混凝土施工作业指导书ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 一、编制依据1.1根据云桂铁路云南段2标段设计图；1.2根据铁道部和交通部现行的设计规范、施工规范、验收标准等有关文件。1.3铁道部门已推行成熟的施工方法。1.4有关现场踏勘调查资料，水文地质调查资料。1.5从事类似铁路工程中积累的施工经验、技术总结及现有的施工力量和机械设备、装备情况。二、适用范围适用于新建云桂铁路云南段2标：安好隧道、八阴隧道、曙光隧道、革朗隧道、里颇隧道、里叩隧道、红石岩隧道、甘蔗园一号隧道、甘蔗园二号隧道、白腊塞一号隧道、白腊塞二号隧道、营盘山隧道、保上隧道等隧道的所有支护工程。三、作业准备3.1.原材料检测合格，机具设备满足施工要求。3.2.清理受喷面，每2m布设控制混凝土厚度标志3.3.施工前对搅拌机械进行检查，确保其状态正常安全。3.4.操作人员必须专人负责，持证上岗。3.5.对搅拌机电器部位进行检查，确保不漏电，并实行“一机一闸，一箱一保护”。3.6.人员进入搅拌机检修时，必须有人值班，不得违章作业。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 3.7.作业人员穿戴好防护用品。对设备、风、电和管线路检查，并试运行。3.8.脚手架应牢固可靠，清理危石，布设厚度标志。3.9.施工人员佩戴好个人防护用品。四、技术要求4.1.材料按配合比通过计量后，将粗骨料和钢纤维或合成纤维送入拌和机干拌，再加入水泥、细骨料和水。4.2.钢纤维混凝土搅拌要保证拌合物分散均匀，不产生结团，干拌时间不少于1.5min，加水搅拌时间不小于3min：掺有合成纤维混凝土的搅拌时间为4～5min。4.3.坍落度一般为8～13cm。4.4.初喷混凝土厚度4cm，分段、分片、分层、由下而上进行，分段长度不大于6m。4.5.喷射自下而上，先将低洼处大致喷平，再顺序分层、往复喷射。4.6.有钢架时，先喷钢架与围岩间混凝土，再喷两钢架之间的混凝土。4.7.边墙应从墙脚开始向上喷射，一次喷射厚度7～10cm，拱部5～6cm。4.8.喷射时喷头与受喷面保持0.6～1.0m的适当距离，喷射角度尽可能接近90°。4.9.喷射速度要适当，有利于混凝土的压实。风压过大，回弹增加；风压过小，喷射混凝土速度过小，压实力过小，影响混凝土的强度。4.10.在前一层混凝土终凝后进行，若终凝1h后再进行喷射，用风水清洗喷层表面后复喷至设计厚度。五、喷射混凝土施工方法及工艺5.1喷射混凝土施工准备工作5.1.1原材料ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 水泥：应优先采用硅酸盐水泥或普通硅酸盐水泥，有特殊要求时，应使用相对应的特种水泥。在软弱围岩宜选用早强水泥。水泥强度等级不应低于42.5MPa。使用前应做强度复查试验。外加剂：必须采用质量合格的产品。应注意保管，不使其变质。使用前应做速凝效果试验，要求初凝不超过5min，终凝不超过10min。应根据水泥品种、水灰比等，通过试验确定速凝剂的最佳掺量，并应在使用时准确计量。砂：喷射混凝土应采用硬质洁净的中砂或粗砂，细度模数宜大于2.5，砂中小于0.075mm的颗粒不应大于20%，含泥量不应大于3%，泥块含量不应大于0.5%。石料：采用坚硬耐久的碎石或卵石，粒径不宜大于15，且级配良好。当使用碱性速凝剂时，石料不得含活性二氧化硅。水：水质应符合工程用水的有关标准，水中不得含有影响水泥正常凝结与硬化的有害杂质。5.1.2机械及管路喷射机、混凝土搅拌机等使用前均应检修完好，就位前要进行试运转。管路及接头要保持良好，要求风管不漏风，沿风、水管路每隔40—50米装一阀门接头，以便当喷射机移动时，联结风、水管。5.1.3、其它检查开挖断面，欠挖处要补凿够。敲帮找顶、清除浮石，用高压水冲洗岩面，附着于岩面的泥污应冲洗干净，每次冲洗长度以10—20米为宜。对裂隙水要进行处理。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 不良地质处应先进行加固（如采用锚杆、钢筋网或金属支架等）。对设计要求或施工使用的预埋件要安装准确。备好脚手架或喷射台车，以便于喷射边墙上部或拱部。埋设测量喷混凝土厚度的标志，如利用锚杆预留一定长度作标记时，应及时将多余长度锯掉，以免喷射后露在表面。喷射作业面必须有充足的照明，照明灯上应罩上铁丝网，以免回弹物打坏照明灯。作好回弹物的回收和使用的准备，喷射前先在喷混凝土地段铺设薄铁板或其它易于回收回弹物的设备。5.2喷射作业工艺流程喷射混凝土施工流程图见下图：ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 施工准备施喷面的清理计量配料砂、石、水泥、水、外加剂及聚脂纤维混凝土搅拌站拌和装运喷料现场施喷检查、试验结束合格初喷混凝土不合格喷射混凝土施工流程图将骨料、水泥和水按设计比例拌和均匀，用湿式喷射机压送拌和好的混凝土混合料至喷头处，再在喷头上添加速凝剂后喷出。其施工工艺如下图所示。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 湿式喷射机搅拌机外加剂水泥粗骨料细骨料水喷头压缩空气速凝剂5.3喷射作业基本要求5.3.1风压及水压风压与输送距离、高程、管的弯曲半径及数量、干拌合料配合比、砂石的种类、级配、含水率等有关。为了保证喷混凝土的质量，降低回弹率，减少粉尘，喷射作业时，要求风压稳定，压力大小调整适当。当输料距离不大时，双罐式混凝土喷射机的风压和水平输送距离的关系为：空载压力（100kpa）=0.01×输料管长度（m）工作压力（100kpa）=1+0.013×输料管长度（m）但当向上垂直输送时,风压比水平输送约每10m增高20--30kpa。水压一般要比风压高50--100kpa，要求在喷头水环处形成水雾，使干拌合料充分湿润。喷射作业区的系统水压应大于400kpa，系统水压不足时，须采用压力水箱来提高水压。5.3.2喷射混凝土配合比的控制水胶比：宜控制在0.4-0.5之间，根据混凝土喷射强度试验而定；用水量：根据混凝土坍落度要求确定；ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 胶凝材料用量：根据水胶比和用水量计算确定，但不宜小于400mg/m3；砂率：宜为45％-60％.和易性：喷射混凝土拌合物应无离析和泌水、黏聚性好；稀薄流喷射混凝土最适宜坍落度为8-12cm，稠密流喷射最适宜坍落度为10-16cm。早期强度：按照《回弹法测试混凝土抗压强度技术规程》（JGJ/T23）测试喷射混凝土早期强度时，其24h抗压强度不低于10MPa。5.3.3喷射角度与喷射距离喷嘴与岩面的角度，一般应垂直于岩面。但在喷边墙时，宜将喷嘴略向下俯10º左右，使混凝土束喷射在较厚的混凝土顶端。由于混凝土束喷射在呈粘塑性状态的混凝土上，可避免料束中的粗骨料直接与岩面撞击，减少回弹量。喷射距离是以喷混凝土最小的回弹和最高的强度来确定的。原则上以能看清喷射情况，使料束集中，回弹量小为宜；同时也取决于喷头出口压力大小。一般0.6～1.0m较好。喷射手应视具体情况，选用适当的喷射距离。5.3.4一次喷射厚度一次喷射厚度，主要由喷混凝土颗粒间的凝聚力和喷射层与受喷面间的粘结力而定。厚度太薄会增大回弹率；厚度太大会使混凝土颗粒间的凝聚力减弱，同时会引起大片坍落或形成混凝土与岩面脱离。适宜的一次喷射厚度就是混凝土层在不错裂、不脱落的情况下达到的最大厚度。分层喷射厚度主要和喷射部位有关。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 喷射厚度和喷射部位项目一次喷射厚度（cm）掺速凝剂不掺速凝剂拱部5--63—4边墙7--105—7分层喷射厚度一般为粗骨料最大粒径的二倍，如一次喷射厚度小于5cm，使用石子的最大粒径也要相应减小。5.3.5分层喷射的间隔时间分层喷射合理的间隔时间不仅与水泥品种、速凝剂掺量有关，而且与施工温度、速凝剂种类和水灰比大小等有关。5.3.6喷射顺序喷射施工按一定顺序有条不紊地进行，喷射作业区段的宽度依坑道具体条件而定。一般应以1.5—2.0米进行。对于水平坑道，喷射的顺序应先墙后拱，自下而上。如岩面凹凸不平时，应先喷凹处找平，然后向上喷射。喷射时喷嘴料束应呈旋转轨迹运动，一圈压半圈，纵向按蛇形进行。如因工程需要适当美观时，可在喷混凝土表面上再喷射一层同标号水泥砂浆，此时喷射顺序应自上而下，喷头料束呈横扫方式运动，不能旋转或停留，以使表面平整光滑。当岩石松散或处理坍方时，喷射作业应紧跟作业面，初喷应先拱后墙，复喷则先墙后拱。5.3.7喷射操作ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 对不同的喷射机，要严格按规定的操作方法进行操作，否则容易发生堵管、反风等现象。喷射机的开、停顺序为：开动时，先开风后给水，最后开电供料；停止时，先停止供料，待料罐中的存料喷完后再停电，最后关水停风，同时要根据输送距离的变化，随时调整风压、喷嘴的操作，喷射开始时先给水再送料；结束时，先停风后停水。在喷射时，要随时观察围岩、喷层表面、回弹和粉尘等情况，及时调整水灰比。当喷嘴不出料时，应将喷嘴对准前下方，避开人员。处理堵管时的工作风压不得超过0.4Mpa。5.3.8养护喷射混凝土养护应符合以下规定：混凝土喷射终凝2小时后，应采用养护台架进行湿润养护，养护时间不得少于14天。黄土或其他土质隧道，以喷雾养护位移，防止喷水过多软化下部土层。隧道内环境气温低于5℃时，不得进行喷水养护。5.4锚喷作业注意事项5.4.1喷射混凝土作业需紧跟开挖面时，下次爆破距喷混凝土作业完成时间的间隔，不得小于3小时。5.4.2喷射混凝土回弹率应与控制，拱部不应超过40%，边墙不应超过30%；5.4.3锚杆应在初喷砼后及时施作，要求垂直于岩面，外露长度不大于10厘米，锚杆插入孔内的长度不得短于设计长度的95%。5.4.4锚杆钻孔前应根据设计要求定出孔位，做出标记，孔位允许偏差为±15毫米。5.4.5ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 采用钢筋网喷射混凝土时，可在岩面喷射一层混凝土后再进行钢筋网的铺设，并在锚杆安设后进行钢筋使用前应清除锈蚀；钢筋网应随受喷面的起伏铺设，与受喷面的间隙一般不大于3cm，钢筋网应与锚杆或其他固定装置连接牢固，在喷射混凝土时不得晃动。5.4.6冬季施工时，喷射作业区的气温不应低于5℃，在结冰的层面上不得喷射混凝土。混凝土强度未达到6Mpa前，不得受冻。混合料应提前运进洞内。混合料进入喷射机料斗前温度不应低于5℃。对液体速凝剂进行加热处理时，温度不低于10℃（最佳为20℃）。5.4.7采用钢架喷射混凝土时,钢架的型式、制作和架设应符合下列要求：钢架支撑可选用H型钢、工字钢、U型钢、钢轨、钢管或钢筋格栅等制作。钢架加工尺寸等应符合设计要求。钢架支撑必须具有必要的强度和刚度，刚架的设计强度，应保证能单独承受2—4米高的松动岩柱重量，其形状应与开挖断面相适用。支撑接头由螺栓连接牢靠，当作为衬砌骨架时，接头应焊接。格栅钢架的主筋材料应采用Ⅱ级钢筋或Ⅰ级钢筋，直径不小于22mm，联系钢筋可根据具体情况选用。钢管钢架应在钢管上设置注浆孔，架设后应注满水泥砂浆。钢架应按设计位置架设，钢架之间必须用纵向钢筋联接，拱脚必须放在牢固的基础上。钢架与围岩应尽量靠近，但应留2—3cm间隙作混凝土保护层。当钢架和围岩之间的间隙过大时应设垫块。如钢架支撑作为衬砌混凝土骨架时，应用预制混凝土背板或填块固定牢靠。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 钢架应于隧道中线，上下、左右允许偏差5cm，钢架倾斜度不得大于2cm。拱脚标高不足时，不得用土、石回填，而应设置钢板进行调整，必要时可用混凝土加固基底。拱脚高度应低于上半断面底线15—20cm，当拱脚处围岩承载力不够时，应向围岩方向加大拱脚接触面积。当钢架喷射混凝土作为永久性支护结构时，钢架与围岩间的间隙必须用喷射混凝土充填密实。间隙过大时，可用钢楔或混凝土楔块顶紧，其点数单侧不得少于8个。喷射混凝土应由两侧拱脚向上对称喷射，并将钢架覆盖。5.5故障的预防和处理5.5.1堵管原因：筛选不严，有杂物或大石块、结块水泥混入拌合料中；砂、石含水率过大，引起管壁粘结；喷射作业结束后，喷射机未进行清洗，储料筒内壁有灰、砂粘结，以后在运转中有大块粘结物脱落。输料胶管内壁磨损后翻起，造成输料不畅，堵塞；输料管漏风，风压降低；输料管出现死弯或弯度过大；喷射风压过低或风量不足；堵管现象：料罐内有拌合料，但喷枪不出料；喷射压力表指针突然上升，工作料罐内压力增大；喷射机突然出现反风现象；ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 排除方法：立即停止上料，并停机关风，打开排气阀，放出罐内压缩空气；找出堵塞部位；如在输料管堵塞，可将胶管托起，用木棍沿堵塞部位的前端逐渐向堵塞部位敲打至胶管松软，如在喷出弯管或在喷枪出口处堵塞，可卸下弯管或喷枪，用铁条疏通；最后打开风阀送风，排出积料；预防措施：喷射机在使用前或结束后，要检查、清理料罐中的余料杂物，停止工作时，上料口应加盖盖严，防止杂物、石子掉入；严格掌握操作顺序，并在操作过程中经常用木槌敲打罐体，使拌合料不致粘结在料罐内壁；把好材料筛选质量关，在喷射机的上料口处再增设一道筛子；对已磨损的输料管要及时包扎或更换；输料胶管的弯度要适宜，避免死弯；喷射前要检查风压、风量，风压或风量不足时不喷；5.5.2出料不匀原因：装料不匀；风源风压波动；处理方法：喷射时要求连续均匀上料；ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 加大风压能力，增设小风包，错开用风的设备及工具的作业时间；5.5.3喷干料没有水原因：水环处水眼堵塞；水压低，水量不足；供水管路漏水；处理方法：疏通水眼；保持足够水压、水量；处理管路漏水；六、施工要求6.1.喷射机一定要放在围岩稳定或已衬砌地段。开始时，先送风、再开机、再供料；结束时，先停料、再关机、最后停风。6.2.拌和机采用全自动计量强制式搅拌机，搅拌机设置于洞外或洞内安全地段。6.3.喷射人员佩戴防护用具。6.7.喷锚作业必须实行定机、定人、定岗，认真做到安全操作、保养和交班制度。七、劳动力组织施工负责人1人、技术人员2人、质量1人，安全1人，试验人员1人、测量人员2人、搅拌站2人、施工场地15人.八、材料要求ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 水泥、外加剂、细骨料、粗骨料、水等原材料质量合格，有原材料合格证和材质试验报告。九、机械设备配置有经过验收的混凝土搅拌站、有合格证的混凝土喷射机和输送管理。十、质量检验标准10.1喷射混凝土应优先采用硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥。水泥进场时，必须按批对其品种、级别、包装或散装仓号、出厂日期等进行验收，并对其强度、凝结时间、安定性进行试验，其质量必须符合现行国家标准《硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥》（GB175）等的规定。当在使用中对水泥质量有怀疑或水泥出厂日期超过3个月时，必须再次进行强度试验，并按试验结果使用。10.2喷射混凝土所用的细、粗骨料应按批进行检验，其各项指标应符合现行国家标准。喷射混凝土宜采用饮用水，当采用其他水源时，水质硬符合现行国家标准《混凝土拌和用水标准》（JGJ63）的规定。10.3混凝土外加剂进场时，必须按批对水减率、凝结时间差、抗压强度比进行检验，其质量必须符合《混凝土外加剂》（GB8076）、《混凝土外加剂应用技术规范》（GB50119）等现行国家标准和其他有关环境保护的规定。10.4喷射混凝土所用的配合比设计根据原材料性能、混凝土的技术条件和设计要求进行，并应符合下列规定：灰骨比宜为1:4-1:5;水灰比宜为0.40-0.50；含砂率宜为45％-60％；ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 水泥用量不宜小于400Kg/m3;10.5喷射混凝土强度必须符合设计要求，用于检查喷射混凝土强度的试件，可采用喷大板切割法制取。当对强度有怀疑时，可在混凝土喷射地点采用钻芯取样法随机抽取制作试件做抗压试验。10.6喷射混凝土的厚度应符合下列要求：平均厚度大于设计厚度；检查点数的80％及以上大于设计厚度；最小厚度不得小于设计厚度的2/3。10.7混凝土喷射方式符合设计要求，施工时应分段、分片，由下而上，依次进行。混合料应随拌随喷，喷层厚度符合设计要求。采用湿喷方式的喷射混凝土拌合物的坍落度应符合设计配合比要求。喷射混凝土拌制前，应测定砂、石含水率，并根据测试结果和理论配合比调整材料用量，提出施工配合比。10.8喷射混凝土原材料每盘称量偏差应符合下表规定：序号材料名称允许偏差1水泥±2％2粗、细骨料±3％3水、外加剂±2％注：各种衡器应定期检定，每次使用前应进行零点校核，保证计量准确。当遇雨天或含水率有显著变化时，应增加含水率检测次数，并及时调整水和骨料的用量。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 10.9喷射混凝土表面应平顺，无裂缝及掉渣现象，锚杆头及钢筋无外漏。十一、安全及环保要求11.1．安全要求11.1.1.严禁将喷枪对准施工人员，以免突然出料伤人。11.1.2.喷射作业时，如压力表指针突然上升，并出现往复摆动时，可能有大石块堵住喷射机喷出弯管，此时应立即停机排除，切勿将大石块强行吹出。11.1.3.用震动疏通的方法处理喷管时，喷射手和辅助操作人员要紧握喷枪，以免送风时喷枪甩动伤人。处理堵管时，料罐工作风压不能超过0.4Mpa。11.1.4.处理喷出弯管堵塞或清理料罐时，严禁在开动电机、分配盘运转的情况下将手伸入喷出弯管或工作料罐内。11.1.5.平行作业中处理堵管时，应通知附近工作人员避开喷枪出口方向。11.1.6.喷射手应配防护面罩或防护眼镜、胶布雨衣和手套，洞内工作人员带防尘口罩，加速凝剂的工作人员应带胶皮手套。11.2.环保要求11.2.1.适当增加砂石的含水率，是减少砂、石在搅拌、上料和喷射过程中产生粉尘的有效方法。砂的含水率宜控制在5%--7%；石子的含水率以2%左右为宜。11.2.2ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 .加强通风和水幕喷雾，对降尘有显著效果。一般通风管距工作面以10—15米为宜。同时在喷射工作面的回风流中设置喷雾器进行水幕喷雾，以降低粉尘。11.2.3.适当增加拢料管长度，可使料、水混合均匀，减少粉尘喷出。拢料管长度以40—60cm为宜。因太长操作不便，同时会出现管口淌浆。11.2.4.严格控制工作压力。在满足工艺要求的条件下，工作风压不宜过大，水灰比要控制适当，避免干喷。11.2.5.如采用普通搅拌机时，应增加密封盖。上料尽可能采用皮带上料机。11.2.6.在施工布置上，根据设备、操作技术等条件，尽量采用远距离管道输料喷射。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 新建云桂铁路云南段2标段隧道工程 编号：YGT2-ZYZDS隧-03   砂浆锚杆及中空锚杆施工作业指导书  单位：中铁二十五局集团有限公司云桂铁路云南段项目经理部编制：审核：批准： 2010年7月30日发布2010年8月1日实施砂浆锚杆及中空锚杆施工作业指导书ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 一.编制依据1.1根据云桂铁路云南段2标段设计图；1.2根据铁道部和交通部现行的设计规范、施工规范、验收标准等有关文件。1.3铁道部门已推行成熟的施工方法。1.4有关现场踏勘调查资料，水文地质调查资料。1.5从事类似铁路工程中积累的施工经验、技术总结及现有的施工力量和机械设备、装备情况。二、适用范围本作业指导书适用于中铁二十五局云桂铁路项目经理部隧道施工工程。三、作业准备3.1.锚杆、钢筋网片原材料进场及试验合格。3.2.施工作业前要先对施工设备进行检修；检查风水管路、电路的连接情况是否正常，有无漏风、漏水及漏电现象；检查施工机械关键机件是否处于润滑状态。3.3.开挖面找顶，清除岩面松动岩石，并对开挖面初喷3～5cm厚混凝土封闭。3.4.施工放样测量,开挖断面检查及锚杆孔位布置,施工机械就位。四、技术要求4.1.锚杆类型、长度等参数根据设计要求、围岩性质和锚固特性进行选择。杆体直径均匀、无严重锈蚀、弯折现象。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 4.2.隧道拱部系统采用Φ25中空注浆锚杆，中空注浆锚杆抗拉强度不小于180KN；边墙系统锚杆及临时支护锚杆采用Φ22砂浆锚杆；所有系统锚杆均设置钢垫板，垫板尺寸150㎜×150㎜×6㎜。4.2.钻孔与围岩面或所在部位的主要结构面垂直。钻孔的深度误差不大于±50mm。钻孔圆而直，直径大于杆体直径15mm。4.3.锚杆对准布设的孔位慢慢钻进，直至设计深度。保持锚杆外露长度为10～15cm。五、锚杆施工方法及工艺5.1．施工方法5.1.1.锚杆锚杆是隧道施工过程中维护围岩稳定、保证施工安全的重要手段之一，施工完成后可以作为永久支护的一部分。锚杆的主要作用是将松弛的围岩和稳固的基岩联系起来共同受力，还可以通过对锚杆施加预应力来改善围岩的节理、裂隙，提高围岩的整体性和承载能力。因此，锚杆施工的技术关键是保证锚杆与围岩充分密贴和固结，防止锚杆灌浆的空洞。锚杆施工应在初喷混凝土后进行，以保证锚杆垫板有较平整的基面。锚杆施工应符合现行《锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范》（GB50086）的有关规定。5.2.施工工艺系统锚杆根据类型，可分为φ25组合中空锚杆和Φ22砂浆锚杆，拱部采用φ25组合中空锚杆，边墙采用Φ22砂浆锚杆。施工工艺如下：Φ22砂浆锚杆ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 施工时，按设计将螺纹钢筋加工成设计长度的锚杆，用风钻或凿岩台车引孔，钻孔前确定钻孔方向和夹角，保证锚杆角度正确。钻孔是控制用水量，以防塌孔。注讲时，可利用注浆泵望孔内注入早强水泥沙浆，注浆过程中要始终保持灌内有足够的砂浆。再进行安装锚杆，一般先注浆后插入锚杆。其具体施工工艺流程见图“砂浆锚杆施工工艺框图”。砂浆锚杆施工工艺框图ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 施工准备初喷混凝土面上标注孔位钻孔清孔孔中压入砂浆浸湿药包插入锚杆体孔中塞入药包固定锚杆体顶入锚杆体、待强安装垫板质量检查补强处理结束早强药包锚杆砂浆锚杆原材料检验锚杆加工砂浆配比合格不合格中空注浆锚杆ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 中空注浆锚杆在施工时首先按设计要求，在开挖面上准确画出需施设的锚杆孔位，钻孔方式同药卷锚杆施工。检查管孔达到标准后，安装锚杆并按设计比例配浆，采用双液注浆机注浆。中空锚杆注浆采用水泥浆液，注浆参数如下：水泥浆水灰比：1:0.5～1.0，水泥与水玻璃质量比：1:0.32～0.36；水玻璃浓度：35Be，模数：2.4注浆压力：0.5～1.0Mpa；注浆量：0.025m3/m；一般按单管达到设计注浆量或达到设计压力要求作为结束标准，并保证锚杆孔浆液注满。最后在综合检查判定注浆质量合格后，用专用螺帽将锚杆头封堵，以防浆液倒流管外。其具体施工工艺流程见图“中空注浆锚杆施工工艺框图”。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 中空锚杆施工工艺流程图施工准备布孔钻孔、清孔组装锚头、钢筋杆锚体、连接套、中空锚杆体、排气管、止浆塞组装中空锚杆体、排气管、止浆塞安装锚杆、锚固端头安装锚杆连接注浆管、注浆锚杆杆体孔口回浆浆体待强、安装垫板螺栓质量检验补强处理结束组合中空锚杆组合中空锚杆原材料检验确定浆液配比浆液制备合格ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 5.3.钻孔钻孔施工在开挖面初喷3-5cm厚混凝土后进行。钻孔前应根据设计锚杆支护参数在围岩上准确标出锚杆孔位。当围岩整体性差，节理较发育，特别是呈层状分布的围岩时，锚杆的钻孔方向在保证基本垂直于岩面的情况下，还要垂直与岩层面或者节理面。锚杆孔位、方向在保证锚杆间距的情况下还要尽量避开裂隙或软弱夹层。钻孔过程中要及时清孔。钻孔施工完成后，要及时检查锚杆孔径、孔深、钻孔方向是否满足设计和验标要求。对不符合要求的孔要及时补钻。5.4.锚杆钻孔应符合下列要求：（1）钻孔机具应根据锚杆类型、规格及围岩等情况选择。。（2）应按设计要求定出位置，孔位允许偏差为±150mm。（3）钻孔应与围岩壁面或其所在部位岩层的主要结构面垂直。（4）钻孔应圆而直，药卷锚杆的直径应大于杆体直径15mm，其它锚杆的钻孔直径应与杆体直径相匹配。（5）钻孔深度及直径与杆体相匹配，锚杆杆体露出岩面长度不大于喷层厚度。（6）有水地段应先引出孔内的水或在附近另进行钻孔，对成孔困难的地段，应采用自钻式锚杆。5.5.锚杆安装ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 钻孔完成后要及时进行锚杆安装作业。锚杆安装一般采用人工安装，对部分软岩需施工长锚杆（中空注浆锚杆）或长导管（5米以上），宜采用锚杆钻机施工，以提高施工速度和施工质量。锚杆使用前，应在现场进行工艺、力学试验。5.6.锚杆应包括杆体、垫板、螺母等主要构件，锚杆材料的品种应符合设计要求，并应进行以下检验：（1）外观质量检验：杆体直径要均匀、一致，无严重锈蚀、弯折；（2）抗拉强度试验应满足设计与工程要求；（3）加工后的锚杆的杆体尺寸应符合设计要求，车丝部分无偏心，有焊接件时焊缝表面不得有裂纹、焊瘤等缺陷。5.7.锚杆安装应符合下列要求:（1）杆体插入锚杆孔时,应保持位置居中,插入深度不小于设计的95%,插入困难时,应采用自钻式锚杆;（2）注浆开始或中途停止超过30min时应用水或稀水泥浆润滑注浆罐及其管路。（3）锚杆安装后，不得随意敲击。（4）安装垫板和紧固螺帽应在水泥浆体的强度达到10MPa后进行。5.8.端头锚固型锚杆施工应符合下列规定：（1）树脂锚杆的树脂卷贮存和使用应遵守下列规定：a树脂卷宜存放在阴凉、干燥和温度在+5～25℃的防火仓库中；b树脂卷应在规定的贮存期内使用；使用前，应检查树脂卷质量，变质者不得使用。超过使用期者应通过试验，合格后方可使用。（2）树脂锚杆的安装应遵守下列规定：a锚杆安装前，施工人员应先用杆体量测孔深，做出标记，然后用锚杆杆体将树脂卷送至孔底；ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 b搅拌树脂时，应缓慢推进锚杆杆体；c树脂搅拌完毕后，应立即在孔口处将锚杆杆体临时固定；d安装托板应在搅拌完毕15min后进行，当现场温度低于5℃时，安装托板的时间可适当延长。（3）快硬水泥卷的贮存应严防受潮，不得使用受潮结块的水泥卷。（4）快硬水泥卷锚杆的安装除应遵守上述规定外尚应符合下列要求：水泥卷浸水后，应立即用锚杆杆体送至孔底，并在水泥初凝前，将杆体送入，搅拌完毕。5.9.自钻式锚杆的施工应符合下列要求：（1）自钻式锚杆安装前，应检查锚杆体中孔和钻头的水孔是否畅通，若有异物堵塞，应及时清理。（2）锚杆体钻进至设计深度后，应用水和空气洗孔，直至孔口返水或返气，方可将钻机和连接套卸下，并及时安装垫板及螺母，临时固定杆体。（3）锚杆注浆料宜采用纯水泥浆或1:1水泥砂浆，水灰比宜为0.4～0.5。采用水泥砂浆时砂子粒径不应大于1.0mm。（4）注浆料应由杆体中孔灌入，水泥浆体强度达10.0MPa后方可上紧。六、施工要求①钻孔前对围岩进行检查，看有无掉块、开裂现象，确保安全。②检查锚杆体钻头的水孔是否畅通，若有异物堵塞，及时清理。③钻孔机具根据锚杆类型、规格选择，成孔与围岩面或所在部位岩层的主要结构面垂直，深度及直径宜与杆体相匹配。钻孔前检查工作面稳定情况。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 七、劳动力组织现场管理1人，技术2人，安全1人，质量1人，作业人员15人，其他2-3人。八、主要机械设备作业台车、气腿式风钻（锚杆钻机）、电焊机、浆液搅拌机、双液注浆机、钢筋调直机、切割机。九、质量控制及检验9.1.质量控制（1）锚杆、钢筋网使用的原材料进场要有质量合格，检验项目及检验指标必须符合验标要求。（2）锚杆安装的数量、浆液的强度、配合比应符合设计要求。施工前要进行工艺试验。（3）锚杆孔径、孔深、孔距和锚杆插入长度要符合设计和规定要求。（4）钢筋网搭接长度，焊接质量要符合设计及规范要求。9.2.质量检验标准9.2.1.系统锚杆质量检验标准（1）锚杆所用的钢筋原材料进场时，必须按批抽取试件做力学性能（屈服强度、抗拉强度、伸长率）和工艺性能（冷弯）试验，其质量必须符合现行国家标准《钢筋混凝土用热轧光圆钢筋》（GB13013）和《钢筋混凝土用热轧带肋钢筋》（GB1499）等的规定和设计要求。（2）锚杆的规格及物理性能指标应符合设计文件和下表的规定序号锚杆规格牌号质量ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 公称直径mm公称壁厚mm公称质量mm允许偏差mm1φ22mm砂浆锚杆HRB33522--2．98±42φ22mm组合中空锚杆中空体Q345实心体HRB40020--2．47中空体Q345实心体HRB33522--2．983φ27mm×7普通中空锚杆Q3452573．11（3）锚杆的屈服强度、抗拉强度、屈服力、最大力、断后伸长率等力学性能指标应符合下表规定序号锚杆规格牌号屈服强度Rel(Mpa)抗拉强度Rm(Mpa)屈服力（KN）最大力（KN）断后伸长率A（％）1φ22mm砂浆锚杆HRB335335455127172172φ22mm组合中空锚杆HRB40040054012617016HRB335335455455172173φ27mm×7普通中空锚杆Q34532549049019321（4）锚杆安装的数量，砂浆锚杆采用的砂浆强度等级、配合比应符合设计要求。（5）注浆管的直径不得小于16mm，锚杆孔内注浆应饱满、密实。（6）锚杆孔应保持直线，一般情况下应保持与隧道衬砌法线方向垂直。当隧道内岩层结构面露出明显时，锚杆孔宜与岩层主要结构垂直，锚杆垫板应与基面密贴。锚杆用钢筋应平直、无损伤，表面无裂纹、油污、颗粒状或片状老锈。（7）锚杆安装允许偏差应符合以下规定1锚杆孔的孔径应符合设计要求。2锚杆孔的深度应大于锚杆长度的10cm。3锚杆孔距允许偏差为±15cm。4锚杆插入长度不得小于设计长度的95％，且应位于孔的中心。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 9.2.2.钢筋网质量检验标准（1）钢筋网所用的钢筋原材料进场时，必须按批抽取试件做力学性能（屈服强度、抗拉强度、伸长率）和工艺性能（冷弯）试验，其质量必须符合现行国家标准《钢筋混凝土用热轧光圆钢筋》（GB13013）和《钢筋混凝土用热轧带肋钢筋》（GB1499）等的规定和设计要求。（2）钢筋网所使用的钢筋的品种、规格、性能等应符合设计要求和国家、行业有关技术标准的规定。（3）钢筋网的制作应符合设计要求，网格间距应符合设计要求，网格尺寸允许偏差为±10mm。（4）钢筋网应与隧道断面形状相适并与锚杆或其他固定安装置联接牢固。钢筋网宜在喷射一层混凝土后铺设。钢筋网搭接长度应为1-2个网孔。（5）钢筋应冷拉调直后使用，钢筋表面不得有裂纹、油污、颗粒状或片状锈蚀。十、安全、环保水保要求10.1安全要求（1）对从事电焊作业的人员，必须经过培训、考试合格、取得国家颁发的特殊工种操作证方能上岗作业。（2）从事电焊作业的人员，必须按照GB9448—88《焊接与切割》的要求，正确执行安全技术操作规程。（3）应确认电焊机技术状况良好。氧气、乙炔、发生器，经专业部门检查合格，方能投入使用。（4）施工作业人员必须进洞前要佩戴好安全防护用品。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 （5）严格按照机械设备的操作规程合理使用施工机械。对各种机械设备要定期进行检查，保证机械设备在正常状况下工作。（6）规范施工用电管理。要做到“一机、一闸、一保护”，进洞电缆都要采用绝缘电缆线架空进洞。（7）要保证工作区的照明亮度满足施工规范要求。（8）压浆作业前，要检查注浆管路是否通畅，接头是否牢固。作业过程中，要检查注浆压力是否正常，发现压力异常，要及时停机检查，故障排除前不得从事压浆作业。10.2.环保水保要求（1）临时设施建设尽量少占或绕避良田、林地，保护好原有树木及地表植被。临时用地范围的耕地采取措施复耕。（2）加工场地的下脚料要进行分类整理，原材料、半成品的堆码整齐。（3）洞内外施工场地修筑临时排水设施保证排水畅通。工地废水、注浆机清洗水泥浆等排放前先经沉淀池沉淀，并采取必要的净化措施处理达标后方可排放。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 新建云桂铁路云南段2标段隧道工程 编号：YGT2-ZYZDS隧-04   钢架(型钢和格栅)施工作业指导书  单位：中铁二十五局集团有限公司云桂铁路云南段项目经理部编制：审核：批准： 2010年7月30日发布2010年8月1日实施钢架(型钢和格栅)施工作业指导书ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 一、主要编制依据1、依据国家和铁道部颁布的规范、验收标准和施工指南2、依据云桂铁路云南段2标段设计图；3、合同及相关协议4、国家级工法和成熟的施工方法。5、《关于积极倡导架子队管理模式的指导意见》。二、适用范围适用于新建云桂铁路云南段2标：安好隧道、八阴隧道、曙光隧道、革朗隧道、里颇隧道、里叩隧道、红石岩隧道、甘蔗园一号隧道、甘蔗园二号隧道、白腊塞一号隧道、白腊塞二号隧道、营盘山隧道、保上隧道等新奥法施工隧道支护工程。三、作业准备（1）原材料已进场及材质试验合格。（2）图纸审核及施工放样测量工作。钢架加工大样的绘制和技术交底。（3）钢架加工、安装施工用电线路连接。（4）钢架加工场地平整，加工机械设备就位、安装及调试。四、技术要求4.1.型钢钢架采用冷弯成型，格栅钢架采用胎模焊接，型钢钢架各节长度不宜大于4m。4.2.各节钢架拼装，要求尺寸准确，弧形圆顺，周边拼装允许偏差±3cm，平面翘曲小于2cm。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 4.3.钢架安装不得侵入二次衬砌断面，底部不得有虚渣，各节钢架间以螺栓连接，连接板要密贴。钢架外缘每隔2m用钢楔或混凝土预制块与围岩顶紧。4.4.钢架尽量密贴围岩并与锚杆焊接牢固，相邻两榀钢架之间按设计纵向连接牢固。五、施工程序及工艺流程钢架可以采用钢筋焊接的格栅钢架或由型钢、钢轨加工而成。由于格栅和钢支撑的力学作用不同—格栅必须和喷射混凝土浇筑一起才能受力，而钢架能独立受力，因此在必须使用钢架的地方绝不能使用格栅代替。5.1.工艺流程:钢架施工工艺欠挖处理前期准备，钢拱架加工测量定位断面检查不合格架立就位锚杆锁定、定位锚杆施作设置纵向连接钢筋喷混凝土结束注浆泵等设备就位5.2.钢架的施工程序5.2.1.钢架制作ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 钢架按设计尺寸在洞外下料分节焊接制作。钢架加工交底时，要根据围岩级别，支护类型以及监控量测反馈信息适当预留变形量，并预留5cm施工误差。制作时严格按交底图纸进行。弯制钢架可采用冷弯法，并以1：1大样控制尺寸。保证每节的弧度与尺寸均符合设计要求，每节两端均焊连接板，节点间通过连接板用螺栓连接牢靠，加工后进行试拼检查，严禁不合格品进场。先根据交底尺寸加工一品，放在水泥地面上试拼，当各部尺寸符合设计要求时，方进行批量生产，周边拼装允许偏差为±3cm，平面翘曲应小于2cm。5.2.2.钢架安装安装钢架前，应检查开挖断面的中线、高程开挖轮廓线应符合设计要求，中线、高程允许偏差为±3cm。纵向间距误差为±100mm，钢架可在开挖工作面以人工组装，各节钢架间以螺栓连接。钢架按设计要求安装，钢架的下端设在稳固的地层上，拱脚高度低于上部开挖底线以下15～20cm。拱脚开挖超深时，加设钢板或混凝土垫块。安装后利用锁脚锚杆定位。超挖较大时,拱背喷填同级混凝土,以使支护与围岩密贴,控制其变形的进一步发展。两排钢架间用钢筋拉杆纵向连接牢固，间距严格按设计要求施作，以便形成整体受力结构。六、施工要求6.1.施工人员培训合格后上岗，焊工持证上岗。6.2.钢架加工的焊接部位不得有假焊、漏焊现象，焊缝表面不得有裂纹、焊瘤等缺陷。6.3.ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 钢架安装前检查开挖断面的中线及高程，并确定钢架安设准确位置及标高。6.4.钢架的拱脚采用锁脚锚杆（管）等措施加强支承。七、劳动力组织现场管理1人，技术3人，安全1人，质量1人，加工5人，安装作业16人，其他2～3人。八、材料要求钢架的材料是采用型钢，并且经检验合格，有合格书和试验报告。九、主要机械设备作业台车、冷弯机、电焊机、台式钻机、切割机。十、质量控制及检验10.1.由于隧道开挖断面大，大部分IV、V级围岩都采用分部开挖，因此必须根据开挖方案、开挖轮廓、支护形状等设计制作钢架，并保证各节钢架连接的质量及整个钢架的线型。10.2.本管段隧道由于开挖断面大，跨度大，加上钢架基本全环布设，钢拱架必须采取分片安装、最后连接成环，因此钢架加工精度会影响连接质量，连接强度直接影响钢架的支护刚度，必须认真做好钢架加工要求的技术交底；10.3.钢架由于分片安装，不能立即闭合成环，在钢架连接处用加长锚杆或注浆小导管进行锁定，确保钢架支撑作用，在软弱围岩施工中是非常重要的技术手段。沿钢架外缘每隔2m应用钢楔或混凝土预制块与初喷层顶紧，钢架与初喷层间的间隙应采用喷射混凝土喷填密实。10.4.ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 钢架由于自身重量大，安装时宜采用机械辅助人工安装，这样可加快安装进度同时提高安装质量，因此施工组织中管理者应根据隧道情况、工期要求等综合考虑配备安装设备。10.5.钢架应尽快闭合成环，并喷射混凝土（特别是格栅必须和混凝土凝结才能发挥作用），使喷射混凝土、锚杆、钢筋网、钢拱架一起形成有机受力整体，提高初期支护整体强度，从而有效传递围岩荷载。钢架的混凝土保护层厚度不得小于4cm，表面覆盖层厚度不得小于3cm。十一、安全、环保水保要求11.1.安全要求①．对从事电焊作业的人员，必须经过培训、考试合格、取得国家颁发的特殊工种操作证方能上岗作业。②．从事电焊作业的人员，必须按照GB9448—88《焊接与切割》的要求，正确执行安全技术操作规程。③．应确认电焊机技术状况良好。氧气、乙炔、发生器，经专业部门检查合格，方能投入使用。④．施工作业人员必须进洞前要佩戴好安全防护用品。⑤．严格按照机械设备的操作规程合理使用施工机械。对各种机械设备要定期进行检查，保证机械设备在正常状况下工作。⑥．规范施工用电管理。要做到“一机、一闸、一保护”，进洞电缆都要采用绝缘电缆线架空进洞。⑦．要保证工作区的照明亮度满足施工规范要求。11.2.环保水保要求①．ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 临时设施建设尽量少占或绕避良田、林地，保护好原有树木及地表植被。临时用地范围的耕地采取措施复耕。②．加工场地的下脚料要进行分类整理，原材料、半成品的堆码整齐。③．洞内外施工场地修筑临时排水设施保证排水畅通。工地废水排放前先经沉淀池沉淀，并采取必要的净化措施处理达标后方可排放。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 新建云桂铁路云南段2标段隧道工程 编号：YGT2-ZYZDS隧-05   隧道管棚施工作业指导书  单位：中铁二十五局集团有限公司云桂铁路云南段项目经理部编制：审核：批准： 2010年7月30日发布2010年8月1日实施隧道管棚施工作业指导书ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 一、主要编制依据1、依据国家和铁道部颁布的规范、验收标准和施工指南2、依据云桂铁路云南段2标段设计图；3、合同及相关协议4、国家级工法和成熟的施工方法。5、《关于积极倡导架子队管理模式的指导意见》。二、适用条件、范围本作业指导书适用于中铁二十五局集团云桂铁路云南段项目内隧道支护工程，Ⅴ级及以下围岩；洞口段地表有重要建筑物；洞身浅埋偏压段。三、作业准备3.1.原材料已进场，材质试验已检验合格。3.2.各种机械已准备就绪，作业人员已到位。3.3.施工护拱（洞口），清理好管棚施作的端墙面，准确安设定位钢管。四、技术要求4.1.拱部Φ108大管棚采用热轧无缝钢管，壁厚不小于6mm，节长3～6m，丝扣连接。4.2.管壁四周钻10～16mm注浆孔（孔口2.5m内不钻孔），孔间距15～20cm，梅花型布置。管头焊成圆锥形，便于入孔。4.3.检查钻孔的间距、直径、深度等。允许偏差：方向角误差1°，孔口距±50mm，孔深：±50mm。4.4.管棚不得侵入隧道开挖线内，相邻的钻孔不得相撞和立交。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 五、施工工艺及施工方法5.1.工艺流程图（见管棚施工工艺）搭设钻孔平台，安装钻机钻机上安装钢管，顶进联接套管节联接套加工制作钻管棚孔顶第一节有孔钢花管棚管顺次顶第二至N节管棚管（直至设计深度）连接管路及密封孔口压水检查达到要求水泥浆配比选定水泥浆拌制注浆机开动导向墙施作、导向管埋设、钢花管制作压注水泥浆开挖支护达到设计要求强度超前棚管施工工艺流程图5.2.施工方法管棚是利用导向架，沿着开挖外轮廓线，以较小的外插角，向开挖前方打入钢管，形成对开挖前方围岩的预支护。管棚施工工序有开挖管棚钻机工作室，导向墙施工，搭设平台，安装钻机，安装管棚钢管，注浆。5.2.1开挖管棚工作室ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 在起拱线以上半断面的工作室，若一次开挖成型，因净空高、跨度大，工期长且不安全，故宜分步开挖，分步施钻，即先在两边拱脚分别开挖两个工作室Ⅰ，钻孔、安管、注浆之后，再开挖中间工作室Ⅱ，开挖工作室Ⅱ时，可弃碴于工作室Ⅰ，这样既减少开挖工作量又便于移动钻机，有利于钻孔作业。5.2.2导向墙施工1)导向墙设计：导向墙采用C20砼，截面尺寸1m高*1m宽,导向墙内设2榀I18工字钢架，钢架外缘焊接Φ140壁厚5mm导向钢管，导向钢管通过Φ25固定筋与钢架焊接，钢架各单元由钢板+螺栓连接。2）导向钢管的安设：导向钢管环向间距40cm,径向施工误差不大于20cm。3）导向墙采用钢筋C20砼浇筑，并且一次浇筑成型。5.2.3钻孔及清孔1）搭设平台，安装钻机，测孔定位：(1）钻机平台尽量一次搭好。钻孔顺序，由高孔位向低孔位进行，可缩短移动钻机与搭设平台时间，便于钻机定位、定向。(2）用两台钻机平行作业，互不干扰。(3）安装钻机。钻孔平台要稳固，钻机安装要牢固，防止施钻时钻机不均匀下沉、摆动、位移、倾斜而影响钻孔质量。钻机距掌子面，一般不应超过2m。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 (4）钻机定位。进钻前，用全站仪及水准仪定出掌子面管棚孔位。根据管棚外插角，架立钻机时，可用手罗盘、经纬仪、挂线相结合的方法，确保钻机钻杆轴线与管棚外插角轴线相吻合。2)钻孔、扫孔：(1）先钻单号孔（钢花管），钻一孔，注一孔，待全部完后，再钻双号孔（钢管），以便检查注浆质量；(2）岩质较好或围岩注浆固结得好，可以一次成孔；围岩局部注浆效果不好的，钻进时产生坍孔、卡钻者，需补注浆后再钻进。(3）钻进中遇未注浆之岩溶严重流泥或地质复杂带而不能钻进成孔时，一般应补注浆，待围岩固结后再钻进。不取岩芯，不回收钻头，用异型接头把钻杆与钢管连接起来，并在钢管前端安装合金钻头。钢管随进度逐根接长，直到设计位置。(4）钻机开孔时，要低速低压，待成孔1.0m后，压力可升至1.0MPa。遇软质围岩或流塑状粘土，改用低压钻进。(5）扫孔：钻孔完毕后，及时清理孔内余渣，即扫孔，用Ф108岩芯管扫孔，岩芯管长度一般为2.5m左右。扫孔完毕后，即安装打入管棚、钢管。5.2.4安装管棚钢管、钢花管1）管棚采用Ф108mm热轧无缝钢管，壁厚6mm，长度为10～40m。顶进钢管采用4m和6m两种长度规格，管棚钢管、钢花管节与节之间通过丝扣接头连接，丝扣长15cm。为使钢管接头错开，编号为奇数的第一节管采用4m钢管，编号为偶数的第一节管采用6m钢管，以后每节钢管采用6m长钢管。2）安装时，可用人工配合钻机顶进，如遇故障，须清孔，然后再将管插入。也可用4.5kW卷扬机反压安装。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 3）隧道纵向同一断面内的接头数不大于50%，相邻钢管的接头至少须错开1m。5.2.5.注浆1）注浆浆液：水泥浆液，注浆前进行现场注浆试验，根据实际情况调整注浆参数，取得管棚注浆施工经验，尾部110cm段作为止浆段，注浆完后，用M7.5水泥砂浆紧密充填，增强管棚的刚度和强度，设计注浆参数为：（1）、水泥浆水灰比：1:1（2）、注浆压力0.5～2.0MPa。2）注浆顺序：打好一孔，注浆一孔，先注无水孔，后注有水孔，从拱顶顺序向下进行，如遇窜浆或拒浆，则可间隔一孔或数孔注浆。3）注浆应符合下列要求：（1）浆液的浓度应按交底执行，不得任意更改。（2）应经常检查泵口及孔口注浆压力的变化，发现问题，应及时处理。（3）注浆结束的条件如下：A、单孔结束条件，注浆压力达到设计终压2.0MPa，浆液注入量已达到计算值的80%以上。注浆在达到结束的条件后，应利用止浆阀或木塞将注浆孔口堵塞，以保持孔内压力，直至浆液完全凝固。B、全段结束条件，所有注浆孔均符合单孔结束条件，无漏泥情况。C、注浆完毕看压力表的读数是否符合设计和规范要求，如未达到要求，应进行补孔注浆。5.3.管棚主要材料及技术参数5.3.1.管棚钢花管：单号孔为钢花管，Φ108mm×ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 6mm热轧无缝钢管，每6m一节，节与节之间通过接头钢管用丝扣连接，每节钢管两端外车丝扣，长150mm,并间距150mm钻Φ10mm的注浆孔，钻孔呈梅花形布置5.3.2.管棚钢管：双号孔为钢管，Φ108mm×6mm热轧无缝钢管，节与节之间连接同钢花管。5.3.3.导向钢管：Φ140mm×5mm,热轧无缝钢管，节长1m。5.3.4.导向墙内工字钢：I18工字钢，共设置2榀，每榀间距50cm，两侧两榀距施工端头25cm。5.3.5技术参数1）管距：环向中～中间距40cm；2）倾角：钢管轴线与衬砌外缘线夹角1°~3°，具体可根据实际情况作适当调整；5.4.施工注意事项5.4.1.管棚环向圆心角按拱部120°计算，共41孔，单号安设钢花管，计21孔，注水泥浆，尾端1.1m灌注水泥砂浆，双号为钢管，全孔灌注M7.5水泥砂浆；5.4.2.钻孔时，先钻单号孔，钻一孔，灌注一孔，待单号孔全部完后，再钻双号孔，钻一孔，灌注一孔；5.4.3.钢架半径以中心线计算；5.4.4.导向钢管外倾1°，施工时严格控制以防侵限；5.4.5.钻孔速度应保持匀速，特别是钻头遇到夹泥夹沙层时，控制钻进速度，避免夹钻现象。5.4.6ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 .注浆过程中随时检查孔口、邻孔、覆盖较薄部位有无串浆现象，如发现串浆现象，立即停止注浆或采用间歇式注浆封堵串浆口，也可采用麻纱、木楔、快硬水泥砂浆或锚固剂封堵，直至不再串浆时再继续注浆。5.4.7.注浆压力突然升高，可能发生堵管，应停机检查；浆液进浆量很大，压力长时间不升高，则应调整浆液浓度及配合比，缩短凝胶时间，进行小量低压力注浆或间歇式注浆，使浆液在裂隙中有相对停留时间，以便凝结，但停留时间不能超过混合浆的凝胶时间，才能避免产生注浆不饱满；六、施工要求6.1.搭设钻机平台，确保平台支撑于稳固的地基上，防止钻机在施钻时产生摆动、位移影响钻孔质量和人身安全。6.2.钻机要与已设定好的孔口管方向平行，用仪器、挂线、钻杆导向相结合的方法，反复调整，精确核定钻机位置。6.3.钻孔前，按测定好钻孔的范围、平面位置，并对每个孔进行编号。6.4.钻孔由高孔位向低孔位进行。开钻时应低速低压。6.5.钻进时产生坍孔、卡钻时，补注浆后再钻进。6.6.钻进中经常采用量测钢管钻机的偏斜度，发现偏斜超过设计要求，及时纠正，至终孔仍超限者补浆封孔后原位重钻。6.7.在施钻进程中及时记录和绘制孔位布置图。6.8.钻孔合格后及时安装钢管，下管前要先对每个钻孔的钢管进行配管和编号。6.9.下管时按照编号分段施工。前期靠人工送管，后期借助钻机顶进，直至孔底，达到设计长度。6.10.地质条件较差时，下管要及时、快速；或采用套管下管。6.11.每节钢管采用丝扣连接牢固，丝扣长15cm。6.12.ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 相邻钢管的接头要前后错开，同一横截面内的接头不大于50％，相邻钢管接头至少错开1m。6.13.为使钢管接头错开，编号为奇数的第一节管采用3m钢管，编号为偶数的第一节管采用6m钢管，以后每节均采用6m长钢管。6.14.注浆时浆液搅拌均匀，不得有结块、沉淀。6.15.注浆顺序按照由低到高、由下往上，交错进行。6.16.注浆压力应符合设计要求，若注浆量超限，还没达到压力要求，就应该调整浆液浓度继续注浆，持压15min后可停止注浆。6.17.注浆施工中认真填写注浆记录，报技术人员随时分析和改进作业。七、劳动力组织施工人员配备序号工种数量（人）备注1钻孔12～182钢筋制作33钢管加工34注浆工65修理工26电工1八、主要机具设备机械设备配备机械名称规格单位数量备注电动钻机XY-28-300台2注浆机BW-250/50台2电焊机台2台式钻机台1砂浆搅拌机台2ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 九、质量控制及检验9.1.质量标准管棚钻孔允许偏差序号项目允许偏差1方向角1°2孔口距±50mm3孔深±50mm9.2.检验1）管棚所用钢管进场必须按批抽取试件作力学性能（屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率）和工艺性能（冷弯）试验，其质量必须符合国家有关规定及设计要求。检验数量：以同牌号、同炉罐号、同规格、同交货状态的钢管，每60t为一批，不足60t按一批计。施工单位每批抽检一次。2）管棚所用钢管的品种和规格必须符合设计要求。检验数量：全检。3）管棚搭接长度应符合设计要求。检验数量：尺量，全检。4）注浆压力应符合设计要求，注浆浆液应充满钢管及其周围的空隙。检验数量：全检每孔注浆量及注浆压力。.9.3.质量保证措施1）钻孔定位可用罗盘、经纬仪、挂线相结合的方法，确保钻机钻杆轴线与开孔角度一致。开钻时，先低速低压，待成孔几米后，再加速加压。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 2）钻孔最大下沉量及左右偏移量为钢管长度的1%左右，并应控制在20～30cm。3）管棚钢管不得侵入隧道开挖线内，相邻的钢管不得相撞和立交。4）管棚钻孔时应在开孔后2m处、孔深1/2处、终孔处量测斜度，发现误差超限即进行纠偏，至终孔仍超限者应封孔，原位重钻。5）钢管与连接钢管丝扣应上满。6）管棚钢管安装后，注浆量一般为钻孔圆柱体的1.5倍，注浆压力一般应达到0.5～2.0MPa，并稳压15分钟。若注浆量超限，仍未达到0.5～2.0MPa时，应调整浆液继续注浆，直至符合注浆质量标准，确保钻孔周围岩体与钢管周围孔隙均为浆液充填，方可终止注浆。7）注浆完毕用铁锤敲击钢管，如响声清脆，则说明浆液未填充满钢管，需采取补注或重注；如响声低哑，则说明浆液已填充满钢管，如未达到要求，应进行补孔注浆。十、安全、环保要求10.1.安全要求1）施工前对全体作业人员进行培训，增强施工人员安全意识；2）施工时必须选用经检验合格的料具，防止机械事故的发生；3）施工作业平台必须搭设牢固，平整；4）注浆作业人员必须按要求配带防护用品，不得直接接触浆液；5）施工的各班组间，应建立完善的交接班制度，并将施工、安全等情况记载于交接班的记录簿内。工地值班负责人应认真检查交接班情况；6）所有进入隧道工地的人员，必须按规定配带安全帽等安全防护用品，遵章守纪，现场有专人指挥；ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 7）无关人员严禁入场；8）将管棚每个钻孔都作为地质预探预报的手段，并贯穿于施工全过程。地质资料及时整理，为安全施工提供依据。9）在钻孔作业中，要采取措施防止孔口突水突泥发生，如有迹象发生应及时处理。10）掌握好开孔与正常钻进的压力和速度，防止断钻杆事故。11）钻孔中发生卡钻、掉钻、孔斜、坍孔等故障，要积极采取措施组织处理。12）所有从事钻孔注浆作业的人员必须听从机长统一指挥。机长有权处理钻孔现场发生的紧急事宜，直至停钻和撤离施工人员。10.2.环保措施1）严禁乱踩乱塌乱伐、破坏隧道周边原有生态环境；2）注浆废浆液运至弃碴场掩埋处理。3）尽量安排白天施工，避免夜间扰民。新建云桂铁路云南段2标段隧道工程 编号：YGT2-ZYZDS隧-06ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157    超前小导管施工作业指导书  单位：中铁二十五局集团有限公司云桂铁路云南段项目经理部编制：审核：批准： 2010年7月30日发布2010年8月1日实施超前小导管施工作业指导书一、主要编制依据1、依据国家和铁道部颁布的规范、验收标准和施工指南2、依据云桂铁路云南段2标段设计图；ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 3、合同及相关协议4、国家级工法和成熟的施工方法。5、《关于积极倡导架子队管理模式的指导意见》。二、适应范围超前小导管注浆是在开挖掘进前，先用喷混凝土将开挖面和隧道一定范围内的地段封闭，然后隧道拱部轮廓线打人带孔的钢管，并向钢管内注浆，浆液即由导管渗透到地层中，在隧道拱部形成固结体并加固围岩。超前小导管适用于自稳时间短的软弱破碎带、浅埋段、洞口偏压段、砂层段、砂卵石段、断层破碎带等地段的预支护。三、作业准备3.1.已按设计要求在施工作业面放出钻孔位置，并做好标记。3.2.原材料已进场，并且原材料材质试验检验合格。3.3.作业人员已到位，机械设备已到齐，并且经过检查运转正常。四、超前小导管施工技术要求1、钢管环向间距40cm，纵向相邻两排的水平搭接长度不小于1m(双层小导管钢管环向间距30cm，纵向相邻两排的水平搭接长度不小于1.5m)。2、小导管钻孔前应按设计要求进行精确定位，以防止穿孔或交叉。2、小导管安设一般采用钻孔打入法，即先按设计要求钻孔，钻孔直径比钢管直径大3～5mm，然后将小导管穿过钢架，用锤击或钻机顶入，顶入长度不小于钢管长度的90%，并用高压风将钢管内的砂石吹出。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 3、隧道的开挖长度应小于小导管的注浆长度，预留部分作为下一次循环的止浆墙。4、注浆前应进行压水试验，检查机械设备是否正常，管路连接是否正确，为加快注浆速度和发挥设备效率，可采用群管注浆（每次3～5根）。5、注浆量达到设计注浆量或注浆压力达到设计终压时可结束注浆。6、注浆过程中要随时观察注浆压力及注浆泵排浆量的变化，分析注浆情况，防止堵管、跑浆、漏浆。做好注浆记录，以便分析注浆效果。技术要点五、施工工艺及施工方法5.1.超前小导管施工工艺流程超前小导管施工工艺框图风机钻孔顶入钢管连接管路压水试验封闭岩面ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 工作面泄漏有无渗漏管路泄漏检修无检查加固效果是否达到要求制浆否是注浆停止注浆补钻注浆孔注下一孔5.2.超前小导管施工方法5.2.1.钻孔先将小导管的孔位用红油漆标出，钻孔位置根据放样进行,钻孔的方向垂直于开挖面，仰角5°～10°（双层小导管外插角分别采用40°和10°交错布置）。采用风钻或凿岩台车成孔。钻孔钻进避免钻杆摆动，保证孔位顺直。钻至设计孔深后，用吹管将碎渣吹出，避免塌孔。5.2.2.钢管加工将Φ42mm厚3.5mm的热轧无缝钢管加工成钢花管，钢花管长4.5m；采用双层小导管时，将Φ50mm厚5mm的热轧无缝钢管加工成钢花管，钢花管长5.0m。前端宜做成尖椎形。5.2.3.顶管在钻孔内插入φ42钢花管，在管尾后段30cmConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 处，将麻丝缠绕在管壁上成纺锥状，并用胶带缠紧。开动钻机，利用钻机的冲击力将钢花管顶入围岩中，钢管顶进钻孔长度≮90%管长。5.2.4.固定顶管至设计孔深后，安装钢拱架后与拱架焊接在一起。5.2.5.压水管路连接完成后应进行压水试验,以检查管路及工作面有无渗漏现象。5.2.6.注浆注浆可采用KBY－50/70注浆机，自制水泥浆搅拌捅。止浆采用球阀止浆，注浆结束标准为，注浆压力达到1.0MPa且注浆量也达到设计时，即可停止注浆。停止时先停泵再关闭球阀，最后清洗管路。六、施工要求6.1.采用凿岩机或煤电钻进行钻孔（孔径较设计导管管径大20mm以上）。按设计的倾角、间距、孔深钻孔，允许偏差：方向角2°；孔口距±50mm；孔深：±50mm。6.2.用高压风从孔底向孔口清理钻渣。成孔后，将小导管插入孔中或用凿岩机直接将小导管从钢架上、中部打入，外露20cm焊接于钢架上，相邻两排小导管搭接长度符合设计要求，且不小于1m。注浆前先喷射混凝土厚度5～10cm厚封闭掌子面，形成止浆盘。6.3.注浆由下向上顺序进行，单孔注浆压力达到设计要求值，持续注浆10min且进浆速度为开始进浆速度的1∕4或进浆量达到设计进浆量的80％及以上时注浆方可结束。6.4.注浆后要堵塞密实注浆孔，浆液强度达70％以上，或4h后方可进行开挖工作面的开挖。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 七、劳动力组织管理人员1人、技术人员1人、施工员2人、钻孔5人、记录1人、注浆4人、空压机司机2人。八、机具、设备配置空压机2台、风钻5台（或液压钻孔台车1台）、注浆机2台。九、超前小导管质量检验与控制1、超前小导管所用材料规格、品种、材质必须符合设计要求；2、超前小导管与钢架支撑结构的连接应符合设计要求，两环纵向搭接长度应符合设计要求；3、注浆浆液配合比符合设计要求，浆液充满导管及周围空隙；4、超前小导管施工的允许偏差应符合下表的规定：超前小导管施工允许偏差和检验方法序号项目允许偏差检验数量检验方法1超前小导管外插角2°每环抽查3根仪器测量、尺量2孔内距±50mm3孔深+50mm，０0十、安全及环境保护要求1、钻孔前应先清除掌子面危岩，然后采用喷射混凝土进行封闭，以保证施工人员的安全，确保注浆作业时封闭的掌子面能起到止浆墙的作用。2、钻孔过程中严格控制好钻杆方向和外插角度，以满足成孔后达到设计的要求。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 3、小导管加工严格设计要求进行，并加强原材料、成品和半成品的检验，确保用于工程实体的均为合格品。4、采用人工和钻机辅助装管时用力应适中，确保装管到位。每一循环的搭接长度必须满足设计的要求。5、浆液拌制严格按配合比进行，并加强称量控制。注浆应连续进行，以保证注浆效果。6、加强掌子面围岩观察，随时注意掌子面喷射混凝土的开裂情况。7、注浆污水排放应修建沉淀池，注浆用水泥口袋应堆放整齐。注浆完成后现场必须清扫干净，所使用机械设备必须清理并进行必要的维护，并按一定的顺序进行归位。新建云桂铁路云南段2标段隧道工程 编号：YGT2-ZYZDS隧-07 ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157   监控量测作业指导书  单位：中铁二十五局集团有限公司云桂铁路云南段项目经理部编制：审核：批准： 2010年7月30日发布2010年8月1日实施ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 监控量测作业指导书一、编制依据1、根据云桂铁路云南段站前工程2标段设计图；2、根据铁道部和交通部现行的设计规范、施工规范、验收标准等有关文件。3、铁道部门已推行成熟的施工方法。4、有关现场勘测调查资料，水文地质调查资料。5、从事类似铁路工程中积累的施工经验、技术总结及现有的施工力量和机械设备、装备情况。二、适用范围适用于新建云桂铁路云南段2标：安好隧道、八阴隧道、曙光隧道、革朗隧道、里颇隧道、里叩隧道、红石岩隧道、甘蔗园一号隧道、甘蔗园二号隧道、白腊塞一号隧道、白腊塞二号隧道、营盘山隧道、保上隧道。三、作业准备初期支护已初步完成，监控量测的布点已按设计要求和规范要求布置完毕，并且牢固；监控量测人员已到位，仪器已备齐全。四、技术要求监控量测工作必须紧接开挖、支护作业，按设计要求时行布点和监测，并根据现场情况及时进行调查量测的项目和内容，量测数据应及时分析处理，并与工程类别法相结合，及时调整支护参数或施工决策。五、施工程序与工艺流程5.1.监控量测项目ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 监控量测项目及内容:监控量测项目分必测项目和选测项目两类。我们将按设计要求开展监控量测工作。5.1.1.监控量测必测项目，是隧道工程施工中应进行的日常监控量测项目。其监控量测项目、常用仪器、测试精度应符合下表规定：监控量测必测项目表序号量测主要项目量测仪器主要内容1地质和支护状况观察目测数码相机开挖面围岩自稳性；岩质破碎带、褶皱节理等情况；核对围岩类别及风化变质情况；地下水情况；支护变形开裂情况。2周边收敛位移全断面测试仪根据收敛情况判断：围岩稳定性；支护设计和施工方法的合理性；模筑砼衬砌。3拱顶下沉激光全站仪监视拱顶下沉值，了解断面变化情况，判断拱顶的稳定性，防止坍方。4洞口地表下沉（ho≤2b时）经纬仪水准仪全站仪监控仰坡和洞口外35m范围内的地表沉降情况，判断洞口及仰坡稳定。浅埋地表下沉情况。注：ho-隧道埋深；b-隧道最大开挖宽度。5.1.2.监控量测选测项目,是根据工程规模、地质条件、隧道埋深、开挖方法及设计与施工的特殊要求有选择性进行的监控量测项目。因本项目设计图纸未到，设计要求不明确，此作业指导书暂不作具体选择。监控量测选测项目表序号监测项目测试方法和仪表测试精度备注1地表下沉水准测量的方法、水准仪、塔尺1mmho>2b2隧底隆起水准测量的方法、水准仪、塔尺1mm3围岩内部位移多点位移计0.1mm5锚杆杆体应力钢筋计0.1MPa注：ho-隧道埋深；b-隧道最大开挖宽度。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 5.2监控量测断面和测点布置技术要求在隧道每个量测断面各布置一个拱顶下沉点和二条净空水平收敛量测测线。测点布置见“测点布置示意图”。测点布置示意图浅埋地段隧道地表下沉量测，断面布置宜与洞内水平净空变化和拱顶下沉在同一断面内。横断面方向在隧道中心及两侧间距5～10m施设下沉点，每断面设7～10个测点，监测范围应在隧道开挖影响范围以外。量测断面间距：根据规范要求，净空变形量测断面的间距应根据围岩级别，隧道断面尺寸，埋置深度等确定。一般Ⅴ级围岩地段5～10m、Ⅳ级围岩地段20m、Ⅲ级围岩地段30m。5.2.1.拱顶下沉、净空变化和隧道浅埋段地表沉降监控量测断面布置原则：拱顶下沉、净空变化测点应与洞外隧道浅埋段地表沉降监测点在同一断面里程。地表沉降测点在隧道开挖前布设。5.2.2ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 拱顶下沉、净空变化和地表沉降监控量测断面间距应满足下表规定：必测项目监控量测断面间距表围岩级别量测断面间距(m)施工间距(m)Ⅴ-Ⅵ5～1010Ⅳ10～3020Ⅲ30～5040II视具体情况确定间距视具体情况确定间距5.2.3拱顶下沉测点和净空变化量测线数布设要求：5.2.3.1拱顶下沉测点布设：原则上布设在拱顶轴线附近。5.2.3.2净空变化量测线数量布置符合下表如图要求：（1）净空变化量测测线数量表开挖方法、地段一般地段特殊地段全断面法一条水平测线台阶法每台阶一条水平测线每台阶一条水平测线、两条斜测线（2）拱顶下沉量测和净空变化量测测线布置示意图5.2.4隧道浅埋段地表沉降测点布设5.2.4.1横向地表沉降测点布设要求：1．沉降测点间距为2～5m;ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 2.沉降测点在隧道中线附近应适当加密；一个断面内设7～11个测点;3．沉降测点在隧道两侧量测范围不应小于H0+B，其测点布置如下示意图。量测范围H02~5mB基准点45°5.2.4.2纵向地表沉降测点布设要求一般条件下，纵向地表沉降测点间距按下表要求布置纵向地表沉降测点间距表隧道埋深与开挖宽度纵向测点间距（m)施工间距（m)2B＜H0＜2.5B20～5020B＜H0≤2B10～2010H0≤B5～105注：H0为隧道埋深，B为隧道开挖宽度5.2.5洞内不同断面测点布设原则:洞内不同断面测点应布置在相同部位,测点应尽量对称布置,以便量测数据的相互验证。5.3.监控量测频率5.3.1洞内、外观察频率5.3.1.1洞内观察频率1、开挖面观察：每次开挖后（即每施工循环）进ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 行一次。当地质情况基本无变化时，可每天进行一次。观察后绘制开挖面地质素描略图、填写工作面状态记录表及围岩级别判定卡。在观察中，当发现地质条件恶化，应立即通知施工负责人采取紧急措施。2、初期支护完成区段观察：每天至少进行一次，观察内容包括喷射混凝土，锚杆、钢架状态。洞内观察时，除用肉眼观察外，还可使用数码相机拍摄现场实况。5.3.1.2.洞外观测频率结合地表沉降量测过程和频率要求进行洞外观察。洞外观察重点应在洞口段和洞身浅埋地段。其观察主要内容应包括地表开裂、地表沉陷，边坡仰坡稳定状态、地表水渗透情况等。5.3.2.洞内必测项目监控量测频率5.3.2.1拱顶下沉，净空变化和地表沉降量测频率相同。5.3.2.2必测项目监控量测的频率：根据测点距离及位移速度按下表规定执行。按距开挖面距离和位移速度决定的监控量测频率中，原则上采用较高的频率值，出现异常情况或不良地质时，加大监控量测频率。量测频率表量测项目每段相隔距离每段安设量测频率0～15天16～30天31天以后隧道内地质全隧道各掌子面每次爆破后进行隧道净空每5～20m水平收敛1～2次/d1次/2d1次/w拱顶下沉量测定每5～20m3点1～2次/d1次/2d1次/w5.4.监控量测控制基准:5.4.1隧道初期支护位移控制基准:ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 隧道初期支护位移控制基准根据测点距开挖面的距离,由“单线隧道支护极限相对位移表”经计算确定。位移控制基准表类别开挖面1B(U1B)距开挖面2B(U2B)距开挖面较远允许值65%U090%U0100%U0注：B为隧道开挖宽度，U0为极限相对位移。5.4.2单线隧道初期支护极限相对位移,按下表确定。单线隧道初期初期限支护极限相对位移(%)围岩级别隧道埋深h(m)h＜5050＜h≤300300＜h≤500拱脚水平相对净空变化II--0.20-0.60Ⅲ0.10-0.500.40-0.700.60-1.50Ⅳ0.20-0.700.50-2.602.40-3.50Ⅴ0.30-1.000.80-3.503.00-5.00拱顶相对下沉II0.01-0.050.04-0.08Ⅲ0.01-0.040.03-0.110.10-0.25Ⅳ0.03-0.070.06-0.150.10-0.60Ⅴ0.06-0.120.10-0.600.50-1.20注:1.本表适用于复合衬砌的初期支护。硬质围岩隧道取表中较小值,软质围岩隧道取表中较大值。表列数值可在施工中通过实测资料积累作适当修正。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 2.拱脚水平相对净空变化指两拱脚测点间净空水平变化值与其距离之比，拱顶相对下沉指拱顶下沉值减去隧道下沉值后与原拱顶至隧底高度之比。3.初期支护墙腰水平相对净空变化极限值可按拱脚水平相对净空变化极限乘以1.2～1.3后采用。5.4.3.位移控制分级管理根据位移控制基准,按下表规定分为三个管理等级。位移管理等级管理等级距开挖面1B距开挖面2BⅢU＜U1B/3U＜U2B/3ⅡU0/3≤U≤2U1B/3U0/3≤U≤2U2B/3ⅠU＞2UB/3U＞2U2B/3注：U—实测位移值5.5.监控量测数据分析5.5.1每次观测后,应及时对观测数据进行整理,包括观测数据计算,填表制图,误差处理等。5.5.2.监控量测数据分析,主要从以下几个方面进行:1．量测后将量测数据进行处理和分析，绘制时间～位移曲线。一般情况会出现如下两种时间～位移特征曲线，见“位移特征曲线图”。ttμ(mm)μ(mm)反常曲线正常曲线ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 正常曲线图表示绝对位移值逐渐减小，支护结构趋于稳定，可施作二次混凝土衬砌。反常曲线图表示位移变化异常，出现反弯点喷锚支护出现严重变形，这时及时通知施工管理人员，该段支护采取加强措施，确保隧道不坍方；严重时施工人员须迅速撤离施工现场，保证人身安全。2．选择回归曲线,预测最终值,并与“位移控制基准”进行比较;3．对支护及围岩状态、工法，工序进行评价；4．及时反馈评价结论，并提出相应的工程对策建议，以便于按“位移管理等级”指导施工。5.6.动态管理本隧道洞身采用信息化设计、动态管理方式，灵活、及时处理施工中出现的各种问题，确保工程质量和进度。在隧道施工过程中，对围岩和支护系统的稳定状态进行监测，为喷锚支护和二次砼衬砌的参数调整提供依据，把量测的数据经整理和分析得到信息及时反馈到设计和施工中，进一步优化设计和施工方案。5.7.监控量测资料的处理与应用5.7.1绘制5.7.1.1根据现场量测数据，绘制水平相对净空变化，拱顶相对下沉与地表下沉时态曲线及水平相对净空变化、拱顶相对下沉、地表下沉与距开挖工作面的关系等。5.7.1.2.根据量测结果及《铁路隧道喷锚构筑法技术规范》的规定，根据变形管理等级指导施工。（见下表）变形管理等级ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 管理等级管理位移施工状态IIIU。〈Un/3可正常施工IIUn/3≤U。≤2Un/3应加强支护IU。＞2Un/3应采取特殊措施注：U。-实测变形值；Un-最大允许变形值。5.7.2观察及量测发现异常时，及时修改支护参数。一般正常状态须同时满足以下条件：5.7.2.1.喷射砼表面无裂缝或仅有少量微裂缝。5.7.2.2.位移速度除在最初1～2天允许有加速外，应迅速减小。5.7.2.3位移很快达到稳定，且围岩状况比预计要好，适当减弱设计参数。5.7.2.4采用复合衬砌地段的监控量测，应在隧道周边收敛有明显减缓趋势，初期支护表面裂缝不在发展，收敛速率7天至少的平均值小于0.15mm/天，累计位移不超过极限位移植的80～90%情况下，选定围岩与支护基本稳定的最佳时机施做二次衬砌，并根据监测信息反馈，及时修正衬砌参数，确保施工和运营安全及更经济合理。量测元件埋设情况和监测资料纳入竣工文件，以备运营当中查考或继续观察。监控量测方法与要求ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 序号量测项目测点布置量测方法与要求备注1洞内外观察1、洞内外观察包括地表情况、地表沉陷、边坡及仰坡稳定。2、洞内观察A掌子面观察B支护结构观察目视观察的方法，对围岩做以下观察：1、地质观察：隧道内放炮后一次喷射砼之前进行，每次开挖后均应绘制地质素描图，用于核对围岩类别及判断支护对围岩的稳定性。2、检查喷射砼有无裂损及发展，锚杆有无松动、钢架支护的工作状态等，并做好相应记录。地质素描应贯穿整个隧道施工全过程，以便及时掌握围岩的工程性质，核对围岩分类，观察支护系统受力情况，为安全施工提供直观的、必要的信息。2净空水平收敛量测隧道最大宽度处及以上，左右两侧3m对称布置量测桩，每个量测断面设7个收敛桩，量测断面间距根据围岩级别确定。采用全断面测试仪进行量测，开挖后按要求迅速安装收敛桩并编号，初始读数应在开挖后12h内读取，最迟不的超过24h，而且在下一循环开挖前获取初始读数，测点应牢固可靠，易于识别并妥为保护本项量测是研究洞室变形规律，判断施工安全与否及确定二衬施做时间的主要信息，是各项量测得重点3拱顶下沉量测正洞拱顶设1个下沉桩，量测断面间距与净空收敛量测一致。喷射砼应迅速在测点处设固定桩，采用激光全站仪进行量测，在两端洞口处各设一水准点供洞内拱顶下沉量测用，量测频率及其他要求同净空水平收敛量测要求拱顶下沉量测的目的是为了了解围岩与结构共同作用情况，其量测结果与净空水平收敛量测结果具有同等重要的作用与意义4浅埋段地表下沉量测断面布置与洞内水平收敛和拱顶下沉在同一断面内，在一个量测断面内设7-11测点地表下沉量测在开挖工作面前方2B（隧道开挖宽度）处开始，直到开挖面后方约（3-5）B，地表下沉基本停止为止。防止隧道塌方5.8.监控量测管理工作流程ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 监控量测项目制定管理基准的设定人员、仪器准备隧道开挖初期支护施工测点埋设修改管理基准值修改支护设计参数已施工段支护加强措施量测数据采集量测数据分析不满足安全分析满足施工建议监测总结结束六、施工要求ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 ①根据隧道地质情况、施工方法、断面情况制定监控量测实施方案，制定监控量测控制基准值，成立监控量测工作小组，及时掌握使用先进仪器设备。②隧道开挖时要及时对工作面地质变化和围岩稳定情况观察，察看喷射混凝土、锚杆和钢架等的工作状态，发现异常时立即采取相应处理措施。浅埋地段要做好洞顶地面观察和沉降监测。③测点应在开挖面施工后及时安设，并尽快取得初读数，测点布置应牢固可靠、易于识别，并注意保护，拱顶下沉和地表下沉量测基点应与洞内或洞外水准基点联测，每15～20d应校核一次。④净空变化和拱顶下沉点布置在同一断面上，测点断面间距根据地质条件、隧道结构形式、开挖支护方式等确定，一般Ⅲ级围岩30～50m，Ⅳ级围岩10～30m，Ⅴ～Ⅳ级围岩5～10m。⑤必测项目监控量测频率：按位移速度≥5mm/d，测2次/d，在1～5mm/d，测1次/d，在0.5～1mm/d，测1次/2～3d，在0.2～0.5mm/d，测1次/3d，在﹤0.2mm/d，测1次/7d。隧道结构应力、应变监测频率根据设计和施工要求及反馈结果确定。⑥监测结果分析采用散点图（时态曲线）和回归分析法，依据时态曲线的形态对围岩稳定性、支护结构的工作状态安全性评价，并提出实施意见指导施工。⑦对长大隧道和风险隧道的监控量测工作采用委托第三方承担的方法。七、监控量测管理组织人员7.1.监控量测管理组织成立监测量控管理小组，项目总工任组长，工程部长、测量组长、项目队主管任副组长、作业队技术人员（3~4人）为组员。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 7.2.工作分工及职责组长：负责总体安排和协调工程部（分部）：负责编制监控量测方案。测量组：负责测点、水准点的布设。作业队：负责具体监控量测实施，数据收集、整理分析及信息反馈。八、仪器配备激光全站仪1台、水平仪1台、数码相机1部、罗盘仪1个、全断面测试仪1台。九、质量控制与检验对浅埋段地表沉降观测，观测点应在隧道开挖前布设，并与洞内观测点布置在同一断面里程，布点观测断面不小于3个，对隧道Ⅳ、Ⅴ级围岩段洞内外观察及拱顶下沉、净空变化监控量测，严格按照《铁路隧道监控量测技术规程》进行量测。十、安全性评价与工程对策10.1工程安全性评价1、工程安全性评价应根据《铁路隧道工程施工安全技术规程》“位移管理等级”标准分三级进行，并按下表采取相应的工程对策。①、施工安全性评价位移管理等级管理等级距开挖面1B距开挖面2BConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 IIIU＜U1B/3U＜U2B/3IIU1B/3≤U≤2U1B/3U2B/3≤U≤2U2B/3IU＞2U1B/3U＞2U2B/3②、工程安全性评价分级及相应应对措施管理等级应对措施III正常施工II综合评价设计施工措施，加强监控量测，必要时采取相应工程对策I暂停施工，采取相应工程对策2、安全性评价工作流程见下图：是8．2工程对策位移（应力）是否超过Ⅰ级管理暂停施工是8．2工程对策不安全8．2工程对策工程对策否8．2工程对策监控量测结果位移（应力）是否超过Ⅲ级管理继续施工位移（应力）是否超过Ⅱ级管理综合评价设计施工措施，加强监控量测是8．2工程对策否8．2工程对策安全8．2工程对策工程安全性评价工作流程10.2工程对策10.2.1设计方面：ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 1．根据工程安全性评价结果，需要变更设计时，根据有关铁路工程变更设计管理办法及时进行设计变更。2．经过判别不能满足隧道安全性要求时，设计单位修改设计或加强支护。1)隧道施工中修改设计的主要内容包括：(1)围岩级别的变更；(2)预留变形量的增减；(3)监控量测项目或测点位置的变动；2)对初支护的加强措施包括：(1)增加喷射混凝土厚度，考虑使用早强水泥配制的喷射混凝土。(2)加密或加长锚杆；(3)增加钢筋网或者考虑使用喷射钢钎维混凝土;(4)采用或加密钢拱架；(5)加固围岩以提高围岩的物性指标。(6)采用预支护技术（管棚、旋喷拱等)减少洞内变形。10.2.2施工方面1．一般措施：(1)稳定开挖工作面；(2)调整开挖方法；(3)调整初期支护强度和刚度并及时支护；(4)降低爆破振动影响；(5)围岩与支护结构间回填注浆。2、辅助施工措施：(1)地层预处理，包括注浆加固、降水等方法；(2)超前支护，包括超前锚杆、管棚、水平高压旋喷法等。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 新建云桂铁路云南段2标段隧道工程 编号：YGT2-ZYZDS隧-08   超前地质预报作业指导书  单位：中铁二十五局集团有限公司云桂铁路云南段项目经理部编制：审核：批准： 2010年7月30日发布2010年8月1日实施超前地质预报作业指导书ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 一、主要编制依据1、依据国家和铁道部颁布的规范、验收标准和施工指南2、依据云桂铁路云南段2标段设计图；3、合同及相关协议4、国家级工法和成熟的施工方法。5、《关于积极倡导架子队管理模式的指导意见》。二、适用范围适用于新建云桂铁路云南段2标：安好隧道、八阴隧道、曙光隧道、革朗隧道、里颇隧道、里叩隧道、红石岩隧道、甘蔗园一号隧道、甘蔗园二号隧道、白腊塞一号隧道、白腊塞二号隧道、营盘山隧道、保上隧道等隧道。三、作业准备：超前地质预报和各种设备已备齐，人员已到位。四、技术要求：超前地质预测预报是隧道信息化施工的重要组成部分，施工阶段应将超前地质预测预报纳入正常的施工工序中，准确预测预报施工地质变化情况，根据地质、水文变化及时调整施工方案和采用相应的技术措施。五、施工程序、工艺流程：5.1隧道超前地质预报5.1.1地质预报内容ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 隧道超前地质预测预报应包括对地层岩性、地质构造、不良地质和地下水等的预测预报。针对本标段隧道工程的地质情况（岩溶分部广泛），着重进行如下几方面的探测：①断层及断层影响带的位置、规模及其性质；②软弱夹层的位置、规模及其性质；③岩溶的位置、规模及其性质；④不同岩性、围岩级别变化界面的位置；⑤工程地质灾害可能发生的位置和规模；⑥含水构造体的位置、规模及其性质；⑦隧道底部溶洞、暗河等对地基稳定性有影响的不良地质体探测；5.1.2地质预报选用方法隧道超前地质预测预报应坚持常规地质法、物理勘探法、钻探法等多种预报手段综合运用，取长补短，相互补充和印证的原则。并结合本段工程特点，以及经理部安排，隧道超前地质预测预报的方法如表1：序号探测手段备注1地质素描地质素描或数码成像形成隧道地质基础资料ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 2物探手段TSP（50～200m）远距离探测断层破碎带、岩层分界面，用于地质条件复杂的隧道3地质雷达（40m）近距离探测隧底、掌子面岩溶4地质钻探水平钻探（20～40m）断层、岩溶、瓦斯、重大物探异常段等5底钻探（5～10m）隧底岩溶、暗河、重大物探异常段等6加长炮孔钻探（3～6m）掌子面短距离岩溶、地下水等揭露根据各种方法的特点，并结合本标段隧道工程的地质情况确定以常规地质法为基础、TSP203地质超前预报系统作长距离宏观控制、地质雷达作近距离判断、加长炮孔钻探作连续岩溶、地下水等超前探测、地质钻探为辅助验证（重大物探异常段，全程水平地质钻探），形成综合的地质超前预报系统。隧道地质预报框架图如下表2：5.1.3隧道地质预报实施方法⑴、常规地质法ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 隧道开挖爆破后通过地质素描手段，及时查看掌子面地质情况，修正设计阶段的地质信息，经工程地质类比预测隧道前方小于10m的地质状况并为其它超前地质预报方法提供基础资料。进行地质素描前，先搜集隧道前期的勘察设计地质资料，初步了解区域地质和附近大地构造单元及其特征，以及工程范围内的地层岩性、围岩类别、地下水发育特征等。地质素描，应在隧道作业每一开挖循环后立即进行，观察中发现围岩条件恶化时，应立即采取相应处理措施；观察后及时绘制开挖工作面地质素描图、填写开挖工作面地质状态记录表地质素描的具体内容主要包括以下几个方面：①岩性应说明围岩岩石的名称、颜色、矿物成分、坚硬程度等，各类岩脉也应对其岩性、出露位置、宽度、接触关系、破碎、风化程度进行描述。②构造开挖围岩受地质构造影响程度、延伸性、表面粗糙度、张开性、风化、破碎程度等进行描述，特别是岩体范围内出现的断层、节理、裂隙、软弱夹层等重点进行地质描述。断层应对其位置、产状、性质、破碎特性、宽度等一一观测和描述；节理裂隙，特别是贯通性节理的产状密度、延伸情况、节理面现状等也要仔细量测和统计。③地下水ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 围岩的含水状态、涌水部位、水量、水压、水温、水质等描述并长期跟踪调查是否受季节性影响，特别是大、暴雨后观察涌水部位涌水量有无增减以及该段地表一定范围内是否有水源补给情况并作好记录。④围岩变形破坏情况开挖段围岩发生坍方、掉块、岩爆等现象的位置、性质、形态、规模作详细记录，必要时附上工程处理措施。有条件时使用数码相机、摄影等工程地质数据采集和编录系统，做到图文并茂。不良地质体在被揭露之前往往表现一些明显或不明显前兆标志，预示着隧洞即将临近不良地质体，因此，仔细观察、描述开挖石渣、洞壁结构面及岩层形态、量测结构面及岩层特征参数，是正确进行超前地质预报的关键。一些不良地质体的前兆标志：①断层破碎带：节理裂隙组数及密度剧增、岩石强度降低、出现压裂岩、破碎岩、岩石风化相对强烈、泥质含量增多等。②突水、突泥：节理裂隙渗水量和组数增加、且常常含有泥质物或浑浊（常规钻爆法的炮孔中的涌水量剧增、且夹有泥砂或碎石）等。③岩爆：“饼”状开挖石渣的数量增加、洞壁在短时间内出现“饼”状脱落体或出现“片邦”现象，以及轻微的岩石崩裂声等，严重时洞壁出现飞石。⑵、TSP203超前地质预报系统ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 TSP203系统在围岩较好的地段可测出前方100～200m范围内的岩层分界面、岩层的物理性质、断层破碎带、洞穴、隐伏含水体等；围岩完整性较差时，预测范围在50～100m之间，需连续预报时前后两次应重叠10m以上。根据经理部安排，此项物探方法委外，各作业队积极配合。原理：通过小药量爆破所产生的地震波信号沿隧道方向以球面波的形式传播，在不同岩层中地震波以不同的速度传播，在其界面处被反射，并被高精度的接收器接受。通过计算机软件分析前方围岩性质、节理裂隙分布、软弱岩层及含水状况等，最终显示屏上显示各种围岩结构面与隧道轴线相交所呈现的角度及距掌子面的距离，并可初步测定岩石的弹性模量、密度、泊松比等参数以供参考。但仪器在作业过程中对环境的要求较高，若噪声过大则会影响采集数据的准确性。如下图1：探测方法：①钻孔：在距离掌子面50m处钻深度为1.5m的孔，布置传感器；自掌子面起，每隔1.5m钻孔一个，钻孔深度为1.5m，最后一个孔与传感器的距离大于20m。所有钻孔的高度尽可能的在同一标高线上。钻孔完毕后，逐个测量孔的深度和倾斜度，并作好记录。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 ②埋设传感器杆：埋设传感器前，先清孔，清除孔底虚碴，放入环氧树脂药卷，插入传感器套杆，用钻带动其钻动，保证环氧树脂药卷充分搅拌。待传感器杆固定后，插入传感器，注意传感器方向朝向掌子面。③连线检查：把传感器、检波器（电脑）、起爆器、同步器连接起来，并检查其是否正常工作，注意此时起爆器不得与雷管相连。④测量时间：测量时间选在施工交接班时间，要求工作面800m范围内不得有机械作业和作业人员作业，作业前与现场施工员联系，以确定停工时间，此时准备好爆破药卷、电雷管等。⑤装药爆破：由最里边炮孔开始，逐个依次装药联线，起爆器起爆，装药量根据围岩情况，一般控制在50～80g左右，围岩较差时，可加大，但不能超过100g。⑥恢复施工：爆破一结束，马上可以恢复施工，一般停工时间在45min左右。⑦成果分析：采用TSP203自带的软件分析系统，剔除一些明显的干扰波，软件自动分析，自动生成图表，反映前方围岩的物理特性，岩层分界线、软弱带、断层的位置等信息。⑶、地质雷达当TSP203系统预报前方有溶洞、暗河水体、岩层层面等不良地质时，其规模、形态需要具体了解，就需用地质雷达进行探测。加拿大EKKOConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 100型地质雷达在前方岩石完整的情况下，可以预报30m的距离；当岩石不完整或存在构造的条件下，预报距离小于10m。雷达探测的效果主要取决于不同介质的电性差异，即介电常数，若介质之间的介电常数差异大，则探测效果就好。根据经理部安排，此项物探方法委外，各作业队积极配合。探测原理：发射机通过发射天线向隧道掌子面前方地层定向发射电磁波，电磁波在传播的路径上当遇到有电性（介电常数和电导率）差异的界面时即发生反射。从不同深度返回来的各个不同时间的反射波由设置在发射天线旁的接受天线接受，另外还最先接受到从发射天线经两天线所在介质的表面传播到接受天线的直达波，取其时间之半，乘以该介质的电磁波传播速度即代表反射目标的深度，再根据反射信息特征（反射强度、反射波组合特点以及横向、纵向变化等）判别反射目标的性质。探测方法：在开挖掌子面上，以上、中、下水平和左、中、右为骨架布置若干水平测线和竖线测线向前方探测，每条测线可构成一条剖面，各条剖面上的综合地质信息即构成了前方一定范围内的空间地质构造形态。测线的密度可视所探测地段的围岩地质构造复杂程度和所要求的探测控制精度选定，围岩越复杂，要求的控制精度越高，则测线密度就越大，反之越小。根据探测资料，首先对各方面剖面进行综合分析，定性判定前方地质情况并定量确定有关异常体、条、带等位置、深度及其空间分布情况，再结合具体的地质条件（如断层、节理、裂隙与隧道走向的夹角和倾角及其对隧道围岩稳定性的影响程度）、地压因素（静压、动压和二次平衡压），详细划分和界定围岩类别，以便主动采取超前支护措施。地质雷达预测的有效长度在完整灰岩地段按25m，在岩溶发育地段根据雷达波形判定，连续预报时前后两次重叠长度不小于5m。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 ⑷、地质钻探由于物理探测判释成果的多解性，需对重点怀疑地段，采用多种方法探测，进行综合判释，就需用一定数量的地质钻孔验证。钻探法是最直观、可靠的超前预报手段，通过对钻孔取样的分析，判断地层变化、岩性差异、地层含水量、隧底岩溶等不良地质情况。根据需预报距离（深度）的远近可采用不同型号的钻机，一般可探测前方（深度）30～75m范围内的地质情况，连续预报时前后两循环钻孔应重叠5~8m。另在施工中采用加深炮孔超前钻探，在每次开挖钻孔过程中，指定在拱顶、两侧拱腰、两侧边墙脚及仰拱底部的1～2个辅助眼加深3～6m，依靠对钻进速度的变化以及钻孔地下水涌水状况、水压、水量、颜色、水质等预测前方围岩、地下水的变化。它具有设备简单、操作方便、费用低、占用隧道施工时间短的特点，因此将加深炮孔在岩溶地段的钻探作为日常的预测、预报手段；充分利用隧道超前支护、初期支护体系中长管棚、超前小导管、超前锚杆、径向锚杆的钻孔作为探测隧道前方、环向四周围岩状况的辅助手段，依靠对钻孔速度变化的直觉以及钻孔地下水涌水状况、水压、水量、颜色、水质等预测前方围岩、地下水的变化。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 在综合地质超前预报中的各种方法中，TSP203作业快，测距长，干扰相对少，可以与多种预测法结合应用，但精度不高，解释难度大，适于作长距离预测；地质雷达可以准确测定短距离内隧道四周和底部的空洞、水体情况，可补充TSP203系统的不足；地质钻探基本可以揭示地下水及围岩物理力学性能，但干扰大，用时长，费用高。而加长炮孔钻探设备简单、操作方便、费用低、占用隧道施工时间短，在岩溶地段效果较好。因此施工中应采取多种预报手段综合运用，取长补短，相互补充和印证，确保地质预测、预报的准确性。5.2超前地质预报分级管理5.2.1施工中把超前地质预报纳入施工工序，建立以地质工作为先导的信息化施工管理体系。根据地质灾害对隧道施工安全的危害程度，超前地质预报分为以下四级：A级：存在重大地质灾害隐患的地段，如大型暗河系统，可溶岩与非可溶岩接触带，软弱、破碎、富水、导水性良好的地层和大型断层破碎带；可能诱发重大环境地质灾害的地段以及瓦斯、高地应力、人为坑洞、放射性、天然气等问题严重的地段；可能产生大型、特大型突水突泥地段，特殊地质地段，重大物探异常地段等。B级：中、小型突水突泥地段，较大物探异常地段，断裂带等。C级：水文地质条件较好的碳酸盐岩及碎屑岩地段、小型断层破碎带，发生突水突泥的可能性较小。D级：非可溶岩地段，发生突水突泥的可能性极小。5.2.2各预报等级的预报方法和程序A级预报：采用地质分析法、TSP隧道地震波反射法、地质雷达、超前水平钻探等手段进行综合预报。首先以地质分析法进行长距离预报，然后采用TSP、地质雷达等物探方法相结合进行预报，同时进行深孔水平钻探和加深爆破钻孔超前钻探探察。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 B级预报：采用地质分析法、TSP，辅以地质雷达，必要时进行超前水平钻探。当发现局部地段工程地质条件较复杂时，按A级要求实施。C级预报：以地质分析法为主。对重要的地质（层）界面、断层或物探异常地段可采用TSP进行探测，必要时采用超前水平钻探。D级预报：采用地质分析法。5.2.3本标段A、B、C级的地质预报以委外单位及经理部超前地质预报小组为核心，作业队地质预报人员参加；D级预报以项目队技术人员为主，成果报告报经理部地质预报小组存档。六、施工要求隧道开挖爆破后通过地质素描手段，及时查看掌子面地质情况，与隧道前期的勘察设计地质资料相比较地质情况是否属实，如果不符立即修正设计阶段的地质信息。地质素描是地质超前预报的主要方法之一，地质素描应在隧道作业每一开挖循环后立即进行，观察中发现围岩条件恶化时，应立即采取相应处理措施；观察后及时绘制开挖工作面地质素描图、填写开挖工作面地质状态记录表地质超前预报中的各种方法：TSP203作业快，测距长，干扰相对少，但精度不高，适于作长距离预测；地质雷达可以准确测定短距离内隧道四周和底部的空洞、水体情况，可补充TSP203系统的不足；地质钻探基本可以揭示地下水及围岩物理力学性能，但干扰大，用时长，费用高。而加长炮孔钻探设备简单、操作方便、费用低、占用隧道施工时间短，在岩溶地段效果较好。因此施工中应采取多种预报手段综合运用，取长补短，相互补充和印证，确保地质预测预报的准确性。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 超前地质预报按规定一般委托第三方施作，在第三方到位以后，由第三方做出超前地质预报的实施细则，报监理单位、建设单位审批后，方可进行施作。七、人员及组织机构设置在项目经理部的领导下，项目经理部成立超前地质预测预报小组组长：一人副组长：一人组员：三~四人各分部成立相应的超前地质预测预报小组，并在项目经理部的领导下，按照职责分工、责任协调、归口管理各自负责管段内的隧道超前地质预测、预报工作。八、地质预测预报设备、仪器序号探测设备、数量、方法备注1地质罗盘仪四台地质素描形成隧道地质基础资料2TSP203一台委外单位远距离探测断层破碎带、岩层分界面，3地质雷达一台委外单位近距离探测隧底、掌子面岩溶5地质钻机一台水平钻探断层、岩溶、瓦斯、重大物探异常段等6一台隧底钻探隧底岩溶、暗河、重大物探异常段等九、质量控制及检验ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 通过地质罗盘仪对地质描素，及时绘制开挖工作面地质素描图、填写开挖工作面地质状态记录表，TSP203、地质雷达测定地质状态与设计地质情况是否属实，认真分析所测定的结果，来确定施工方法及工艺十、安全措施及环保要求①TSP203现场采集数据使用灵敏度很高的高爆速炸药，危险性较大，应由专业爆破工操作；②钻机使用高压风、高压水，管路应连接安设牢固，并应经常检查，防止管接头脱落、管路爆裂高压风水伤人；高压电路接线应由专业电工操作，一般人员不得操作；③进洞应带好安全帽、穿防高压电的雨靴，注意操作空间上方、周围有无安全隐患，特别是掌子面附近是否有危石存在。④若岩体中含有煤层瓦斯、天然气等易燃易爆物，应采用水循环钻，电机、照明设备、开关及其他机械设备应采用防爆型，且不得携带火源进洞。⑤为便于控制超前钻孔揭露岩溶水时的水流及采取措施，孔口应安设孔口管和闸阀，防止水压将孔口管冲出伤人。⑥钻孔时，钻机前方安设挡板，防止泥沙冲出伤人。新建云桂铁路云南段2标段隧道工程ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157  编号：YGT2-ZYZDS隧-09   隧道二次衬砌施工作业指导书  单位：中铁二十五局集团有限公司云桂铁路云南段项目经理部编制：审核：批准： 2010年7月30日发布2010年8月1日实施隧道二次衬砌作业指导书ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 一、主要编制依据1、依据国家和铁道部颁布的规范、验收标准和施工指南2、依据云桂铁路云南段2标段设计图；3、合同及相关协议4、国家级工法和成熟的施工方法。5、《关于积极倡导架子队管理模式的指导意见》。二、适用范围适用于新建云桂铁路云南段2标：安好隧道、八阴隧道、曙光隧道、革朗隧道、里颇隧道、里叩隧道、红石岩隧道、甘蔗园一号隧道、甘蔗园二号隧道、白腊塞一号隧道、白腊塞二号隧道、营盘山隧道、保上隧道。三、作业准备3.1.水泥、细骨料、粗骨料、外加剂、水、各类矿物掺合料等原材料符合设计要求，并且有合格证和材质试验的检验报告。3.2.混凝土配合比通过计算、试配、调整后确定。配制成的混凝土拌合物满足施工要求，同时满足设计强度、耐久性等质量要求。3.3.钢筋规格、品种符合设计要求。3.4.钢筋进场时，抽取试件做力学性能和工艺性能试验，质量符合规范和设计要求。3.5．作业人员都已就位，机械设备已备齐全。四、技术要求4.1．钢筋的技术要求4.1.1．钢筋加工时，受力钢筋顺长度方向的全长：±10mm，ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 弯起钢筋的弯折位置：20mm，箍筋内净尺寸：±3mm。4.1.2.钢筋连接时，单面搭接焊，其搭接长度不得小于10d，双面搭接焊，其搭接长度不得小于5d，焊缝宽度不小于0.8d且不小于10mm，焊缝高度不小于0.3d且不小于4mm。4.1.3.钢筋安装时，双排钢筋，上排钢筋和下排钢筋间距：±5mm。同一排中受力钢筋水平间距：±20mm。分布钢筋间距：±20mm。箍筋间距：±20mm。钢筋保护层厚度：＋10mm，－5mm。4.2.混凝土的技术要求4.2.1.搅拌机搅拌混凝土时，搅拌时间不小于3min。拌制中，对拌合物的坍落度进行测定，测定值要符合理论配合比。4.2.2.由运输车运送混凝土时，运输中保持混凝土的匀质性，做到不分层、不离析、不漏浆。4.2.3.混凝土灌筑作业间隔时间必须＜2h；捣固中每一振点的捣固延续时间为15～30s，且隔20～30min后进行第二次复振，使混凝土表面呈现浮浆和不再沉落，其入模温度应控制在25℃以下。五、施工工艺及施工方法5.1.工艺流程ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 涂脱模剂预埋件安装基仓清理挡头板安装止水带安装养护脱模移动台车结束合格不合格二次衬砌施工工艺流程浇筑拱墙混凝土模板清理，台车校正、固定仰拱施工缝接茬处理铺设轨道台车就位混凝土拌制、运输台车安装检查ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 5.2.二次衬砌施工5.2.1.二次衬砌施工要求1）二次衬砌施作一般情况下应在围岩和初期支护变形趋于稳定后进行，变形趋于稳定应符合：隧道周边变形速率明显下降并趋于缓和；或水平收敛（拱脚附近7d平均值）小于0.2mm/d，拱部下沉速度小于0.15mm/d；或初期支护表面裂隙（观察）不再继续发展。2）二次衬砌除特殊断面外，采用移动式模板台车，拱、墙体整体浇注，边墙基础与拱墙衬砌的水平施工缝避开剪应力最大的截面处。3）混凝土生产采用全自动拌和站、搅拌输送车运混凝土泵送入摸的机械化流水作业线，以保证二次衬砌混凝土的质量。4）浅埋隧道应及早施作二次衬砌，且二次衬砌应予以加强。5）围岩及初期支护变形过大或变形不收敛，又难以及时补强时，可提前施作二次衬砌，以改善施工阶段结构的受力状态，此时二次衬砌应予以加强。6）对二次衬砌完成的地段，应与设计单位密切配合，继续观察和监测隧道的稳定状态，防止二次衬砌的变形、开裂及侵限。5.2.2.模板台车1、模板台车长度：直线隧道以９～12m为宜，曲线隧道以６～９m为宜。2、整体质量1）、刚度要求：模板台车刚度采用有限元法进行效核。搭接部分变形不超过3mm,其他部分变形不超过2mm。2）、模板厚度采用10mm。3）、模板台车整体尺寸验收要求(见下表)。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 模板台车整体尺寸验收要求表序号项目标准（误差）1轮廓半径±2mm2模板平面度2mm/2m3模板错台≤1mm4模板接缝间隙≤1mm5表面粗糙度抛光处理/无锈蚀6模板台车外轮廓表面纵向直线度误差≤2mm/2m≤5mm/10m≤6mm/12m7工作窗板面与模板面弧度一致，错台、间隙误差≤1mm8模板台车前后端轮廓误差（测各高程弦长）≤3mm5.2.3.拱墙衬砌施工拱墙衬砌根据量测情况在围岩及初期支护变形基本稳定后进行，适度紧跟开挖面（二次衬砌距掌子面距离为：Ⅰ、Ⅱ级围岩≤200m、Ⅲ级围岩≤120m、Ⅳ级及以上围岩≤90m），拱墙采用10mm模板台车衬砌，泵送混凝土入模。混凝土采用附着式振捣器振捣，辅以插入式振捣器辅助振捣。特殊地段，附属洞室采用衬砌台架和组合钢模板衬砌。钢筋混凝土衬砌地段，钢筋在洞外下料加工，弯制成型，洞内绑扎或拼装焊接，钢筋绑扎采用多功能作业台架施工。1）采用液压衬砌台车，对于模板，根据衬砌轮廓线的弧度定做，使钢模的弧度与内轮廓弧度一致，衬砌后达到弧形圆顺。施工时，由下向上对称进行。2）在衬砌台车就位之前，应按线路中线和高程，结合允许施工误差和预留沉落量，对断面进行复核和整修。3）模板接头应整齐平顺，挡头板与岩壁间缝隙应嵌堵紧密。4）衬砌台车必须就位准确，支撑牢固，严防走动。5）对于裂隙节理发育地段，需根据设计严格施作防水设施。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 6）台车模板必须每次拆模后进行打磨，将沉淀在板面上的砼杂物清理干净，涂刷脱模剂后方可进行砼灌注。7）在砼灌注过程中要有专人值班，随时检查台车是否变形，及时进行调整。8）砼灌注单侧一次性灌注高度不大于30cm，并且左右对称灌注砼。9）砼灌注全过程，保持砼各项指标一致，确保砼灌注顺利进行，不受时间等外界因素的影响。10）砼灌注至拱顶由低向高侧进行灌注，确保拱部无空洞。11）其它指标均满足试验控制过程及要求。12）衬砌工作缝应凿毛，设连接钢筋。5.3.二次衬砌混凝土5.3.1.混凝土材料要求1）水泥宜选用硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥，水泥的外掺材料为矿渣或粉煤灰，有耐硫酸盐要求的混凝土也可选用中抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥或高抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥，不宜使用早强水泥。2）细骨料应选用级配合理、质地均匀坚固、吸水率低、空隙率小的洁净天然河砂，也可选用专门机组生产的人工砂，不宜使用山砂，不得使用海砂。3）粗骨料应选用级配合粒型良好、质地均匀坚固、线膨胀系数小的洁净碎石，也可采用碎卵石，不宜采用砂岩碎石。混凝土应采用二级或三级级配粗骨料，不得使用碱活性骨料。4）外加剂应采用减水率高、坍落度损失小、适量引气、质量稳定、能满足混凝土耐久性的产品。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 5）混凝土中宜适量掺加符合技术要求的粉煤灰、磨细矿碴粉或硅灰等矿物掺和料。6）各种材料的含碱量应小于3kg/m5.3.2.混凝土原材料运输、存贮应满足以下要求：1）混凝土所用的原材料应按品种、规格和检验状态分别标识存放。2）水泥到场后不得露天堆放，不同种类的水泥应存贮于不同库房。水泥由于受潮或其他原因而变质时，应及时运出场外。3）骨料应分级采购，分级运输，在拌和场应分级堆放、分级计量，不宜露天堆放，并随时检测砂石料的含水率，遇有变化时及时修改配合比。5.3.3混凝土搅拌、计量、运输、灌筑、振捣应满足以下要求：1）混凝土应采用强制式搅拌机搅拌，计量系统应定量定期检定搅拌机经大修、中修或迁移至新的地点后，应对计量器重新进行检定。搅拌站采用电子计量装置进行计量，严格按配合比配料，拌料，严禁把原材料进料关，砼拌合时间要严格控制，严禁将废料重新使用2）混凝土运输设备的能力应满足混凝土凝结速度和浇筑速度的需要，保证浇筑过程的顺利进行。3）混凝土运输、浇筑及间歇时间的全部时间不应超过混凝土的初凝时间。4）混凝土浇筑过程中，应随时对混凝土进行振捣并保证使其均匀密实。5.3.4.二次衬砌混凝土施工要求1）灌注前，应清除防水层表面灰粉并洒水润湿。2）模板台车走行轨的中线和轨面标高误差应不大于±10mmConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 ，台车就位后启动微调结构，用仪器教正模板外轮廓与设计净空吻合，并锁定台车。3）钢筋混凝土二次衬砌地段，必须用与二次衬砌混凝土相同配合比的细石混凝土或砂浆制作垫块，确保钢筋保护层的厚度，主筋保护层尺寸应不小于30mm，迎水面主筋保护层不小于50mm。4）采用高效减水剂时，混凝土运到场后应作坍落度检查，泵送混凝土一般以15～18为宜。5）混凝土应对称、分层浇筑，分层捣固。捣固应采用插入式振捣器。6）每衬砌段拱顶部位应预留2～4个注浆孔。5.3.5.混凝土施工注意事项1）模筑衬砌应在盲沟、橡胶止水条、防水板等措施施工完成后进行。衬砌采用液压衬砌台车立模。模筑采用泵送混凝土入模。2）在满足施工要求及安全的前提下，混凝土泵尽可能靠近衬砌作业点，以减少混凝土输送管的铺设量，且管道堵塞时清理容易。输送管管道靠边墙侧布置，水平管每隔一定距离用方木垫上并固定好，以方便拆装、清洗、排堵。管道水平及垂直转向时，弯管半径尽量大一些。管道接头处管卡必须紧到位，保证接头密封严密，不漏浆，并且在泵水时不能有漏水现象。3）混凝土施工时，混凝土输送泵的使用严格按安全技术操作规程执行，开始先泵水检查，确认无异物后，先泵送1：2水泥浆润滑泵及管道，然后再泵送混凝土。施工中保证泵压力稳定。混凝土管出口不能直接对准模板。混凝土灌注高度要小于2米，防止混凝土离析。一次灌注高度不超过30cm，捣固间距不超过捣固棒作用半径的1/2。泵送完毕后用水将泵及管道清洗干净。边墙混凝土浇注前应清除底部虚碴、污物及积水。4）混凝土灌注时，两边应对称进行，混凝土入模温度不低于5℃ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 。封顶应及时进行，封顶的砼均应该适当降低水灰比，并捣固密实。混凝土施工时应尽可能避免间隙灌注，如需间隙灌注，时间应缩短1.5h以内。5）混凝土的灌注环境温度在0℃及以下时，应先对砂、石料及水加热，确保砼入模温度不低于5℃，并洞每隔一定距离设取暖器，确保洞内温度不低于5℃。5.3.6．养护及拆模1、养护采用喷雾养护与自然养护相结合的养护方法。2、养护最低期限须符合下表规定:混凝土养护最低期限表混凝土类型水胶比洞内平均气温T(℃)养护期限（d）胶凝材料中掺有矿物掺合料≥0.455≤T〈102810≤T〈2021T≥2014＜0.455≤T〈102110≤T〈2014T≥2010胶凝材料中未掺有矿物掺合料≥0.455≤T〈102110≤T〈2014T≥2010胶凝材料中未掺有矿物掺合料＜0.455≤T〈101410≤T〈2010T≥2075.4．拆模（1）在初期支护变形稳定后施工的二次衬砌混凝土强度应达到8.0MPa以上。（2）初期支护未稳定，二次衬砌提前施做时混凝土强度应达到设计强度的100%以上。（3）特殊情况下，应根据试验及监控量测结果确定拆模时间。六、施工要求ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 6.1.钢筋调直、弯制，并将表面油渍、水泥浆和浮皮铁锈等清除干净；6.2.钢筋连接通常采用绑扎或焊接。绑扎和焊接长度符合验标要求，焊接的焊缝必须饱满、平实，不能有蜂窝状。同一截面内，同一钢筋不超过一个接头钢筋接头应设在承载力较小处，并分散布置。6.3.钢筋安装及保护层厚度允许偏差必须符合以下规定：每相隔1～2m在钢筋与防水板间，设置混凝土垫块，垫块强度不低于衬砌混凝土强度，垫块厚度满足钢筋保护层厚度要求。6.4.钢筋安装中要做好防水板保护和人员安全防护。6.5.施工中控制混凝土的坍落度、和易性，防止离析和堵管。6.6.浇筑完毕混凝土后12h以内对混凝土进行保湿养护，养护时间大于14d；环境温度低于5℃时不得浇水养护。七、劳动力组织单工作面衬砌循环作业所需劳动力班组计划数量工作内容钢筋绑扎组15钢筋绑扎，焊接防水板土工布铺设组10拱墙土工布，防水板铺设及无缝焊接拱墙台车对位组5配合技术移动台车，对位，涂油，拆模拱墙砼灌注组8砼泵送入模、浇筑八、材料要求8.1.水泥质量符合国家现行标准。8.2.细骨料采用质地均匀坚固、级配和粒径良好的洁净中粗河砂。8.3.粗骨料采用级配合理、质地均匀坚固的洁净碎石；骨料粒径﹤25mm，压碎指标﹤7％，针片状颗粒﹤5％。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 8.4.各类矿物掺合料的掺量及技术要求都要符合设计规范要求。8.5.拌和水符合规定。九、主要机具设备单工作面衬砌循环作业所需主要施工机具设备表序号机械名称型号规格数量备注1衬砌台车10m1台2多功能作业台车自制三层1台3抽水机DA1-125X62台4砼输送泵HBT60A60m31台5砼运输罐车FV415J8m34台十、质量控制及检验10.1.质量控制10．1.1结构防渗漏措施1）全隧拱墙设复合防水板：2）二衬混凝土采用抗渗混凝土，抗渗等级不小于S6;3)环向施工缝设止水条及背贴式止水带；4）衬砌防水板背后两侧边墙脚设Φ100纵向透水盲沟，并每隔5～10m将地下水引入洞内侧沟。环向盲管、纵向盲管直接弯入隧道侧沟，纵向透水盲沟明暗衬砌段分别设置且不得连通。10.1.2.结构防开裂技术措施1）适当加密隧道洞口与施工通道接口等地段的钢架。浅埋地段，隧道初期支护中加设钢架或改用双层钢筋网。2）初期支护环向及水平接头应及时修凿平整，二次喷混凝土前2ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 小时可以先喷水湿润混凝土表面，减小初期支护“起壳”现象。3）将仰拱初期支护用水泥砂浆摸光摸平，减小对二衬混凝土的约束力，防止混凝土开裂。4）用喷射机喷砂浆找平或人工摸平初期支护面，以利防水层施工及减小约束力，可防止二衬混凝土发生龟裂现象。5）凿毛水平及环向施工缝接头混凝土，相邻混凝土灌注前充分湿润施工缝部位的混凝土。6）专人用喷雾器养护二衬混凝土；通过及时的养护，控制混凝土内部水化热，可以减少混凝土开裂。10.1.3.混凝土防开裂措施混凝土收缩主要表现为：干缩和冷缩，还有水泥水化热产生的体积减缩，颗粒沉降产生的沉缩，混凝土硬化早期发生的塑性收缩以及空气中二氧化碳对水泥水化物作用而产生的碳化收缩等。1）严格控制水灰比值与用水量引起混凝土干缩，是由于混凝土中水分散失和温度下降而引起的。混凝土中的水分只能存在混凝土的孔隙中，而混凝土的孔隙分布于水泥石、骨料中以及骨料与水泥石交接处，水分散失形成孔隙，因此水灰比值大干缩就大，用水量多干缩也相应大。2）严格控制水泥用量混凝土的冷缩是由于热量散失引起的，冷缩如果受到限制，就可能导致混凝土开裂，这对普通混凝土最为严重。热量来源于原材料和水泥水化热，水化热的大小及出现的迟早与水泥品种、水泥用量、水泥矿物组成及水泥细度等有关。要避免或减轻混凝土冷缩开裂，必须在保工程质量前提下，减少水泥用量，降低温差幅度。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 3）应用“双掺”技术“双掺”技术即掺粉煤灰和减水剂，是防裂渗漏的有效措施。因为优质粉煤灰在一般的情况下，存在以下作用：①、致密作用：粉煤灰多在水泥浆孔隙中进行反应，反应后，降低了混凝土内部的孔隙率，提高混凝土的密实性。②、增强作用：粉煤灰中的玻璃株粒形球体，表面光滑，粒度较细，质地致密，在混凝土中可以起到相当于未水化的水泥熟料微集料作用，把水泥浆颗粒分隔开，使水易于水化，水化速度及程度提高，起到增强作用。③、需水量减少作用：粉煤灰不但有上述作用，还可使水泥浆体积堆集密度增大，需水量减少，降低初始水灰比，改善水泥浆等的初始结构，大大降低混凝土孔隙率，增大混凝土的单位体积质量。④、防渗透作用：粉煤灰与减水剂同时掺入混凝土中，由于减水剂的机理作用，使拌和物增塑改善混凝土的和易性，减少泌水、提高防渗性能。4）科学选用混凝土复合外加剂，制配蠕动性混凝土蠕动性混凝土的特点是：蠕动性好，不产生离析和泌水、可灌性好、可泵性好、易于振捣，不增加设备，稍加振捣即能浇注密实，硬化后孔隙少，提高混凝土结自防水能力。10.1.4.防止衬砌质量通病的保证措施1）隧道渗漏水控制①、严格按设计铺设防水板或防水盲沟；②、拱墙背后回填密实，施工接缝处砼捣固密实。2）砼外观质量控制①、砼拌制采用自动计量设备过磅，根据实验确定配合比，添加减水剂，现场严格控制水灰比。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 ②、模板安装就位后，经技术人员认真检查符合规范要求后方可施工。③、隧道衬砌采用液压衬砌台车、大块钢模，模板应及时整修。④、浇筑砼时均匀分层进行，防止产生偏压，捣固密实，可适当提高砼外层强度等级。⑤、搭设施工平台时，平台与模板分离，不许相接触，杜绝各种起吊设备撞击模板。10.1.5.衬砌质量控制技术要求：1）复合式衬砌的防水层在自行拼装的综合作业平台车上从拱顶中央向两侧对称进行。要重点做好接头处理，并且要铺设平顺，无褶皱。2）衬砌按先仰拱后墙、拱的顺序进行，以使衬砌各部分之间结合紧密，并及早形成封闭环。墙、拱模筑混凝土采用液压模板衬砌台车进行。3）砼浇注必须连续施工，当间歇时间大于1.5小时，必须作停工处理，并留置施工缝。4）由于采用拱墙一起衬砌，故除墙基处外，拱墙均不留施工平缝。所有施工缝、沉降缝均按设计安置止水带作防水处理。5）根据地质预测预报和施工监测信息，对可能发生坍方地段，须采取有效防坍措施。一旦发生了坍方，要及时、迅速、稳妥地进行处理，并在坍方处理前，详细观测坍方范围、形状、坍穴的地质构造，分析坍方发生原因及地下水活动情况，制定经济、有效的处理方案予以实施。6）复合式衬砌地段，进行地质和支护状态观察、水平收敛、拱顶下沉、锚杆抗拔力、围岩压力等项监控量测，判别支护体系和施工方法是否有效地控制了围岩位移和变形，从而使二次衬砌时间和结构尺寸得到准确信息，以进一步调整设计，指导施工。整体式衬砌地段，进行地质和支护状态观察、锚杆抗拔力监测。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 10.2质量检验标准10.2.1．隧道衬砌的一般规定（1）衬砌施工前应进行中线、高程、开挖轮廓的测量。（2）隧道竣工后，应进行竣工测量，净空满足设计要求且应符合现行国家标准《标准轨距铁路建筑限界》（GB146.2）的规定。（3）隧道初衬混凝土应采用集合拌合，所用各项材料宜采用自动计量装置按重量投料计量。（4）衬砌混凝土强度应按现行铁道行业标准《铁路混凝土强度检验评定标准》（TB10425）的规定检验评定，其结果必须符合设计要求。（5）对新选原料产地、同产地更换矿山或连续使用同一产地达两年时，粗、细骨料应做选料源检验，检验内容包括：颗粒级配、坚固性、有害物质含量和碱活性检验。（6）在混凝土中掺用含氯盐类外加剂时，氯离子含量（按水泥质量百分率计算）必须符合以下规定：1．混凝土结构中，不得大于8％。2．处于干燥环境、常年有水或埋于地下的钢筋混凝土结构中，不得大于0.3％。3．处于干湿交替状态或常年空气湿度大于8％的钢筋混凝土结构中，不得大于0.12％。（7）初期支护与二次衬砌应密帖，中间隔离层的设置应符合设计要求。10.2.2．隧道衬砌模板的规定ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 （1）隧道衬砌模板台车、移动台架必须按隧道内净空尺寸进行设计与制造，钢结构及模板必须具有足够的强度、刚度和稳定性，能承受所浇筑混凝土的重力、侧压力及施工荷载。初衬模板台车、移动台架必须经验收合格后方可投入使用。（2）模板安装必须稳牢固靠，接缝严密，不得漏浆。模板与混凝土的接触面必须清理干净并涂刷隔离剂。浇筑混凝土前，模板内的积水和杂物应清理干净。（3）承受围岩压力较大的拱墙模板拆除时，封顶和封口混凝土的强度应达到设计强度100％，承受围岩压力较小的拱墙模板拆除时，封顶和封口混凝土的强度应达到设计强度70％。（4）拆除不承受外荷载的整体式衬砌拱墙、二次衬砌、仰拱、底版等非承重模板时，混凝土强度不得额低于2.5MPa,并保证其表面及棱角不受损伤。（5）模板安装允许偏差和检验方法应符合下表规定。序号项目允许偏差（mm）检验方法1边墙角±15尺量2起拱线±10尺量3拱顶±100水准测量4模板表面平整度52m靠尺和塞尺5相邻浇筑段表面高低差±10尺量（6）预埋件和预留孔洞的留置应符合设计要求，允许偏差和检验方法应符合下表规定。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 序号项目允许偏差（mm）检验方法1预留孔洞中心线位置10尺量尺寸±1002预埋件中心线位置5尺量10.2.3．隧道衬砌钢筋的规定（1）钢筋进场时，必须按批抽取试件做力学性能（屈服强度、抗拉强度、伸长率）和工艺性能（冷弯）试验，其质量必须符合现行国家标准《钢筋混凝土用热轧光圆钢筋》（GB13013）和《钢筋混凝土用热轧带肋钢筋》（GB1499）等的规定和设计要求。（2）钢筋品种、级别、规格、数量、加工及连接方式必须符合设计要求。（3）钢筋加工应允许偏差和检验方法应符合下表规定。序号名称允许偏差（mm）检验方法1受力钢筋顺长度方向的全长±10尺量2弯起钢筋的弯折位置203箍筋内净尺寸±5（4）钢筋接头应设置在承受应力较小处，并应分散布置。钢筋应平直、无损伤，表面无裂纹、油污、颗粒状或片状老锈。（5）钢筋的安装及保护层厚度允许偏差和检验方法应符合下表规定及设计要求。序号名称允许偏差（mm）检验方法ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 1双排钢筋，上排钢筋与下排钢筋间距±15尺量两端、中间各1处2同一排中受力钢筋水平间距拱部±10边墙±203分布钢筋间距±20尺量连续3处4箍筋间距±205钢筋保护层厚度±10-5尺量两端、中间各2处10.2.4．隧道衬砌混凝土的规定（1）水泥进场时，必须按批对其品种、级别、包装、或散装仓号、出厂日期等进行验收，并对其强度、凝结时间、安定性进行试验，其质量必须符合现行国家标准《硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥》（GB175）等的规定。当在使用中对水泥质量有怀疑或水泥出厂日期超过3个月时，必须再次进行强度试验，并按试验结果使用。钢筋混凝土水泥结构严禁使用含氯化物的水泥。耐腐蚀混凝土应对所用的水泥的矿物成分进行分析。（2）混凝土外加剂进场时，必须按批对水减率、凝结时间差、抗压强度比进行检验，其质量必须符合《混凝土外加剂》（GB8076）、《混凝土外加剂应用技术规范》（GB50119）等现行国家标准和其他有关环境保护的规定。（3）当使用具有潜在碱活性骨料时，混凝土中碱含量应符合现行铁道行业标准《铁路混凝土工程预防碱-骨料反应技术条件》（TB/T30504）的规定和设计要求。（4）混凝土强度等级必须符合设计要求，隧道衬砌尚应采用同条件养护试件检测实体强度。混凝土强度试件应在混凝土浇筑地点随机抽样制作。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 试件的取样与留置必须符合下列规定：（一）.抗压强度标准养护条件养护试件的取样与留置：1.每拌制100盘且不超过100立方米的同配合比混凝土，取样不得少于1次；2.每工作班拌制的统一配合比的混凝土不足100盘时，取样不的少于1次。3.每次取样应至少留置1组。（二）.抗压强度同条件养护试件的取样、养护方式和留置数量应符合铁道部现行标准《铁路工程结构混凝土强度检测规程》（TB10426）的规定。隧道衬砌每200m应采用同条件养护试件检测结构实体强度1次。（5）隧道超挖回填必须符合设计要求。墙脚以上1m与拱部范围超挖部分应采用同级混凝土进行回填。边墙基底应无虚碴杂物及淤泥，边墙基础的扩大部分及仰拱的拱座应结合边墙同时灌筑。（6）拌制混凝土所用的细骨料、粗骨料、矿物掺合料及水应符合相关国家现行标准的规定。（7）混凝土的运输、浇筑及间歇的全部试件不应超过混凝土的初凝时间。同一施工段的混凝土应连续浇筑，并应在混凝土初凝前上一层混凝土浇筑完毕。当底层混凝土初凝后浇筑上一层混凝土时，应按施工缝进行处理。（8）抗渗等级P6及以上混凝土、耐腐蚀混凝土除按规定留置强度检查试件外，尚应留置抗渗检查试件并进行试验评定：ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 1.每五个作业循环应制作抗渗检查试件一组（共6个）；不足五个作业循环时，亦应制作抗渗检查试件一组。当使用的材料、配合比或施工工艺变化时，均应令行制作抗渗检查试件一组。2．混凝土抗渗等级应按照现行国家标准《普通混凝土长期性能和耐久性能试验方法》（GBJ82）进行试验评定，其结果应符合设计要求。（9）混凝土拌合物的坍落度应符合设计配合比的要求，混凝土拌制前，应测定砂、石、含水率，并根据测试结果和理论配合比调整材料的用量，提出施工配合比。（10）混凝土原材料每盘称量的偏差应符合下表规定。序号材料名称允许偏差工地工厂或拌合站1水泥和干燥状态的掺合料±2％±1％2粗、洗骨料±3％±2％3水、外加剂±2％±1％注；1各种衡器要定期检定，每次使用前要进行零点校核，保证计量准确。2当遇雨天或含水率有显著变化时，应增加含水率检测次数，并及时调整水和骨料的用量。（11）预留泻水孔槽位置、数量应符合设计要求，混凝土结构表面应密实平整、颜色均匀，不得有露筋、孔洞、蜂窝、麻面和缺棱掉角等缺陷。（12）混凝土结构外形尺寸允许偏差（mm）和检验方法应符合下表。序号项目边墙拱部检验方法1平面位置±10--尺量ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 2垂直度（‰）2--尺量3高程--+300水准测量4结构平整度15152m靠尺和塞尺注：平面位置以隧道设计中线为准进行测量10.2.5．隧道衬砌混凝土养护的规定混凝土浇筑完成后，应按施工技术方案及时采取有效的养护措施，并符合下列规定：1.应在12h以内对混凝土加以覆盖并保湿养护。2.混凝土浇水养护时间：对采用硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥或矿渣硅酸盐水泥拌制的混凝土，不得少于7d，对掺用缓凝剂或有抗渗等要求的混凝土，不得少于14d。3.浇水次数应能保持混凝土处于湿润状态；混凝土养护用水与拌合用水相同。4.采用塑料布覆盖养护的混凝土，其敞露的全部表面应覆盖严密，并应保持塑料布内有凝结水。5.混凝土强度达到1.2MPa前，不得在其上踩踏或安装模板及支架。6.当日平均气温低于5℃时，不得浇水十一、安全及环保要求11.1.二次衬砌安全要求（1）随着隧道各部开挖工作的推进，及时进行衬砌或压浆，特别是洞门建筑的衬砌必须尽早施工，地质不良地段的衬砌尽早完成。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 （2）机械转动部分设置防护罩，电动机必须有接地装置，移动或修理机器及管线路时，先停电，并切断电源、风源。（3）加强洞内通风、照明管理，确保达到符合国家相关标准的工作环境。（4）二次衬砌前铺设防水层。工作台架下净空必须符合设计要求。工作台架承载重量，不得超过要求。两端应设不低于1m的栏杆和上下人员的梯子。（5）铺设防水层台架及模板台车距作业开挖面应有足够的安全距离，齐头爆破时要防止空气波冲破防水层。工作台架衬砌台车就位后，应用卡轨器固定在轨道上，防止溜车。（6）衬砌台车使用时遵守下列规定：台车上不得堆放料具。工作台上应铺满木板。并设安全栏杆。拆除混凝土输送软管时，必须停止混凝土泵的运转。两端挡头板应安装牢固。衬砌台车工作台架上施工用照明用电线路每天要进行一次检查，确保电线绝缘良好，防止电线破损、漏电伤人（装置漏电保护器）。（7）模板台车设计时，必须考虑净空能保证运输车辆的顺利通行。混凝土灌筑时，必须两侧对称进行。11.2.二次衬砌环保要求环保、水保工程与主体工程“三同时”施工（即同时设计、同时实施、同时施工），努力把工程设计和施工对环境的不利影响减至最低限度。对空压机、发电机等噪音超标的机械设备，采取装消音器来降低噪音；对于行驶的机动车辆，严禁鸣笛；ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 机械存放点、维修点、车辆停放点以及油品存放点做好隔离沟，将其产生的废油、废水或漏油等通过隔离沟集中到隔油池，经处理后进行排放；注意保护自然水流形态，做到不淤、不堵、不留施工隐患，不阻塞河道；施工场地和运输道路经常洒水尽可能减少灰尘对生产人员和其它人员造成危害及对农作物的污染；报废材料或施工中返工的挖除材料立即运出现场并进行掩埋等处理。对于施工中废弃的零碎配件边角料、水泥袋、包装箱等及时收集清理并搞好现场卫生以保护自然环境与景观不受破坏。新建云桂铁路云南段2标段隧道工程 编号：YGT2-ZYZDS隧-010   ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 隧道防水板施工作业指导书  单位：中铁二十五局集团有限公司云桂铁路云南段项目经理部编制：审核：批准： 2010年7月30日发布2010年8月1日实施隧道防水板施工作业指导书一、编制依据1、根据云桂铁路云南段2标段设计图；2、根据铁道部和交通部现行的设计规范、施工规范、验收标准等有关文件。3、铁道部门已推行成熟的施工方法。4、有关现场勘测调查资料，水文地质调查资料。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 5、从事类似铁路工程中积累的施工经验、技术总结及现有的施工力量和机械设备、装备情况。二、适用条件及范围本作业指导书适用于中铁二十五局云桂铁路2标项目经理部隧道施工工程。按施工规范的规定，所有隧道工程初支与二衬之间拱墙必须铺设防水板，并要求隧道工程防水按一级防水标准施工，衬砌完成后其表面无湿渍。因此，防水板施工的成功与否就显得犹为重要。三、作业准备3.1.检验防水板质量。3.2.将防水板按每循环设计长度加预留松弛量截取，对称卷起备用。3.3.铺设防水板台架就位。四、技术要求4.1.安装防水板前基底处理：①对个别欠挖部分进行处理。②局部漏水处采用注浆堵水或埋设排水管。③彻底清除各种异物和尖锐突出物体，凹处复喷至平。4.2.防水板搭接要求：两幅防水板的搭接长度≮100mm；环向铺设时，下部防水板应压住上部防水板。三层以上塑料防水板的搭接形式必须是“T”型接头。4.3.防水板焊接要求：采用双焊缝热熔焊接，焊缝宽度不小于2cm，焊接温度应控制在200℃～270℃为宜，焊接严密，不得焊焦、焊穿、漏焊和假焊。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 4.4.焊接完后的卷材表面留有空气通道，用以检测焊接质量。4.5.防水板铺设要求：采用无钉铺设工艺，铺设要表面平顺、无褶皱、有一定松弛量。4.6.分段铺设的防水板，其边缘部位预留至少60cm的搭接余量，并且对预留部分边缘部位进行有效的保护。五.隧道防水板施工方法及工艺5.1.施工方法5.1.1隧道二次衬砌拱部、边墙及仰拱（底板）采用防水混凝土，其抗渗等级不低于P.105.1.2隧道初期支护与二次衬砌之间拱部及边墙部位铺设高分子防水材料的防水板加无纺布防水，防水板采用自制的铺挂台车铺设。隧道初期支护喷混凝土及模筑衬砌混凝土外加剂均使用耐腐蚀性外加剂。5.1.3全隧纵环向施工缝设中埋式橡胶止水带及外帖式止水带两道防水措施。5.1.4变形缝处填塞聚苯板并加设中埋钢边橡胶止水带，外缘设置外帖橡胶止水带，内缘以双组份聚硫密封膏嵌缝。5.2.铺设前的基面平整检查喷锚的平整度，控制其深宽比D/L≤1/10（见“喷锚面深宽比示意图”），超出规定的用细粒混凝土找平。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 喷锚面深宽比示意图5.3.防水板的铺设本隧道的防水层采用拱墙铺1.5mm厚防水卷材及无纺布。5.3.1．铺设准备⑴、在二次衬砌防排水施作之前，应由测量人员利用断面仪对初期支护净空进行检查，一旦发现初期支护断面侵入二次衬砌的情况，立即将侵入量、部位、范围等通知施工负责人，由施工负责人组织人员进行整改。⑵、基面处理：防水板铺设前应对初期支护采用简单易行的锤击声检查，必要时辅以其他物探手段。对初期支护的渗漏水情况进行检查，并采取埋设管道的方式进行引排。对喷射混凝土的表面进行必要的处理，切除锚杆头和钢筋露头，并用细石混凝土抹平覆盖，凹坑深宽应控制在1:10以内，深宽比大于1:10的凹坑应用细石混凝土填平，凹坑太大处要抹平补喷混凝土，确保喷射混凝土表面平整，无尖锐棱角。⑶、防水板质量的检查：防水板铺设之前须进行检查是否有变色、波纹（厚薄不均）、斑点、刀痕、撕裂、小孔等缺陷，如果存在质量疑虑，应进行张拉试验、防水试验和焊缝张拉强度试验。同时，按照与洞内施工相同的方法将防水板拼接，交试验室进行充气试验，合格后方可用于现场铺设。⑷、ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 对检查合格的防水板用特种铅笔划焊接线及拱顶分中线，并按每循环设计长度截取，对称卷起备用；洞内在铺设基面标出拱顶中线，画出隧道中线第一环及垂直隧道中线的横断面线。5.3．2．排水盲沟的安设盲沟在初期支护施作完成之后，防水板铺设之前安装，结合施工缝布置。全隧两侧边墙脚设φ80纵向盲沟，并每隔8～12m将地下水引入洞内侧沟，纵向透水盲沟明暗衬砌段分别设置且不得连通，盲沟采用外包无纺布的双壁打孔波纹管，环向盲沟纵向间距10m一环，并根据地下水发育情况调整，纵向盲沟两端及环向盲沟下端进行圆弯接入隧道侧沟；环向盲沟采用φ50双壁打孔波纹管，纵向盲沟采用φ80双壁打孔波纹管，环、纵向排水盲沟均外包土工布。盲沟用环箍固定于初期支护表面。5.3.3.防水板的铺设施工时逐环顺序进行，墙拱防水板铺设时，在隧道拱部标出隧道中线，再使防水板横向中线与这个标志重合，立即用压焊机将防水板热合于暗钉上，再由拱顶依次向两边铺设。待整幅防水板铺设好并经检查确认固定牢固后，再用自动双缝热熔焊机顺所留板间接缝搭接部位进行焊接。固定防水板铺设如图所示。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 固定土工布与防水板示意图焊接防水板搭接缝：上下循环两幅大幅面的防水板接头处留10～15cm搭接幅面，采用NH50型自动双缝热熔焊机进行焊接，无条件用机焊的特殊部位手工焊接，认真检查，焊接牢固。防水板焊接见“防水板焊接示意图”。防水板焊接示意图5.3.4.焊缝质量检查将5号注射针与压力表相连接,用打气筒进行充气，当压力表达到0.5Mpa时停止充气，持续2min内，压力下降在20%以内，说明焊缝合格。如压力下降过快，则说明有渗漏，用肥皂水涂在焊缝上，有气泡的地方重新补焊。5.4.止水带施工中埋式橡胶止水带的施工方法见“止水带施工示意图”。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 止水带施工示意图中埋式橡胶止水带其施工顺序如下：①沿衬砌设计轴线间隔0.5B在挡头板上钻一φ12钢筋孔。②将加工成型的φ10钢筋卡由待模筑混凝土一侧向另一侧穿入，内侧卡紧止水带一半，另一半止水带伸出挡头板。为防止止水带在施工时损坏，将外露部分止水带用防护罩保护好。外铁式橡胶止水带其施工顺序如下：①衬砌台车就位后，在衬砌台车端头内边缘放置外贴式橡胶止水带，沿衬砌环向方向一半用钢筋卡固定在端头板内边缘上，与端头模板紧贴，另一半紧贴台车钢模板上。检查合格后进行模筑混凝土施工。②待上板模筑混凝土施工脱模后，及时清理并平整该施工缝处外贴橡胶式止水带。下板模筑台车就位后，把另一半止水带也固定在模筑台车模板上并保持平整。③模筑台车另一端头板处按照①部的方法固定下一环施工缝处的外贴橡胶式止水带，如此循环进行。为防止止水带在施工时损坏，将外露部分止水带用防护罩保护好。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 5.5.施工工艺防水板采用无钉铺设、双焊缝热熔焊接工艺施工。防水板就位准备工作联接防水板搭接缝防水板固定移走吊挂台车质量检查结束台车就位、铺设基面检查、处理补强否合格合格拼大幅防水板、防水板质量检查将防水板焊接在暗钉圈上，松紧适度用射钉枪固定暗钉圈防水板铺设施工工艺流程图5.5.1由于洞内空气潮湿、场地狭小、基面不平整，难以保证现场施焊焊缝的质量，所以，防水板可在洞外热焊预拼成大块。在洞外选取一块平整的场地，按照洞室内轮廓周长及一环衬砌施工长度进行截取，将单幅防水板摆放好，采用自动爬行式热合机焊接，焊缝试压合格后打卷备用。5.5.2挂板台车就位ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 防水板铺设时采用简易台车进行。台车应具备足够的强度与刚度以及较为灵活的行走装置，并应配备能达到隧道周边任一部位的作业平台。台车就位采用轮装牵引的方式进行，就位时应使台车中心尽量置于隧道中线上，并固定稳妥，以保证作业时不产生倾斜和晃动。5.5.3土工布施工土工布采用≥400g/m2的无纺布进行铺设。铺设时采用简易台车将无纺布固定在预定的位置上，再采用带热塑性EVA垫圈的射钉将无纺布钉牢在初支表面上。EVA垫圈按直线型规律布置，拱部间距0.5～0.7m；两侧边墙1.0～1.2m。无纺布铺设应自下而上进行，下部无纺布应压住上部无纺布，并预留一定的富余量，两环无纺布的搭接长度不小于10cm。5.5.4防水板铺挂防水板采用1.5mmＥＶＡ防水板,幅宽2～4m，其力学性能满足以下要求：断裂拉伸抗拉强度不小于18Mpa；抗渗要求0.3Mpa下24h不渗漏；断裂延伸率不小于650%；低温-35℃下无裂纹；臭氧老化要求80℃条件下168小时无裂纹。防水板铺挂时采用手动电热熔器加热热熔衬垫，再将防水板与之牢牢粘结，刺破程度300Ｎ。防水板铺挂时应从下自上环向铺设，并预留一定的富余量，实铺长度与初支垫面弧长比值为：10：8。环向铺设时，先拱后墙，下部防水板应压住上部防水板,两幅防水板的搭接宽度不小于15cm。防水板的固定采用热合器，使防水板融化后与塑料垫圈粘结牢固。防水板之间的搭接缝应采用双面焊缝，采用具有调温、调速热楔式功能的自动爬行式热合机热熔焊接，焊接后两条焊缝间留一条空气道。细部处理或修补采用热风枪手焊接。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 5.5.5防水板焊缝质量检查防水板的搭接缝焊接质量检查采用充气检查，将5号注射针与压力表相接，用打气筒进行充气，当压力表达到0.2Mpa时停止充气，保持5min压力下降在20％以内Mpa，说明焊缝合格；如压力下降过快，说明焊接不平。用肥皂水涂在焊缝上，有气泡的地方重新补焊，直到不漏气为止。六、防水板施工要求1、防水板铺设前应先对隧道初期支护喷射混凝土表面进行处理，确保喷射混凝土表面平整，无尖锐棱角。2、铺设400g/m2无纺土工布首先用简易作业台车将单幅无纺布固定到预定的位置，然后用专用热塑性圆垫圈及射钉将无纺布固定在喷射混凝土上。无纺布铺设要松紧适度，使之能紧贴在喷射混凝土表面，不致因过紧被撕裂；过松，无纺布褶皱堆积形成人为蓄水点。无纺布幅间搭接宽度大于10cm。3、铺设防水板先用简易作业台车将防水板加土工布固定到预定位置，然后用手动电热熔接器加热，使防水板焊接在固定无纺布的专用热熔衬垫上。防水板铺设要松紧适度，使之能与无纺布充分接合并紧贴在喷射混凝土表面。防止过紧或过松，防水板受挤压力破损或形成人为蓄水点。防水板间搭接缝应与沉降缝、施工缝等防水薄弱环节错开1m以上。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 4、防水板间自动热熔焊接用自动双缝热熔焊接机按照预定的温度、速度焊接，单条焊缝的有效焊缝宽度不小于1.0cm。焊接后两条缝隙间留一条空气道，用空气检测器检测焊接质量，标准是0.2Mpa压力下5分钟之内不得小于0.16Mpa。焊接前先除尽防水板表面的灰尘再焊接，防水板搭接宽度大于15cm。5、焊缝检测采用检漏器现场检测防水板焊接质量。先堵住空气道的一端，然后用空气检测器从另一端打气加压，直至压力达到0.2～0.5Mpa，说明完全粘合。否则，须用检测液（如肥皂水）找出漏气部位，用手动热熔器焊接修补后再次检测，直到完全粘合。6、防水板破损处修理：如发现防水板有破损，必须及时修补。先取一小块防水板，除尽两防水板上的灰尘，将其置于破损处，然后用手动电热熔接器熔接。熔接质量用真空检测器检测，若不合格必须重新修补。七、劳动力组织防水板施工一般需要4～6人一组，施工人员经培训合格后上岗，并保持相对稳定，可根据施工现场及时调整。八、材料要求8.1.防水板材料要求防水板采用EVA型，厚度≥1.5㎜，幅宽宜为2～4m；；断裂拉伸强度≥18MPa；扯断伸长率≥650%；撕裂强度≥100KM/m；低温弯折性为－35℃无裂纹；不透水性为0.3MPa，24h无渗水；加热伸缩量：延伸≤2㎜，收缩≤6㎜。8.2.无纺布材料要求重量≥350g/m2；厚度3㎜；拉断力50㎜/450N；伸长率≥80%；纵横强度比≤1.5；梯形断裂≥250N；渗透系数5×10－2；裂隙率80%。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 8.3.中埋式橡胶止水带材料要求宽度不小于300㎜，厚度不小于8㎜；硬度为60±5；伸长强度为12MPa；断裂延伸率≥450%；压缩永久变形（70℃×24h）≤30%；撕裂强度≥25KN/m；脆性温度≤－45℃。8.4.外贴式橡胶止水带技术要求宽度不小于300㎜，厚度不小于8㎜；硬度为60±5；伸长强度为12MPa；断裂延伸率≥450%；压缩永久变形（70℃×24h）≤30%；撕裂强度≥25KN/m；脆性温度≤－45℃。8.5.中埋式钢边橡胶止水带材料技术要求宽度不小于300㎜，厚度不小于10㎜；硬度为60±5；伸长强度为18MPa；断裂延伸率≥450%；压缩永久变形（70℃×24h）≤35%；撕裂强度≥35KN/m。8.6.膨胀止水胶：固化前固含量≥80%，下垂度（50±2℃）≤3㎝，表干时间≤24h，固化后伸长率≥400%；抗拉强度≥0.3MPa；最终体积膨胀率（室温、蒸馏水）＞220%，浸水7d的膨胀率占最终膨胀率的百分比＜60%，比重1.2～1.55g/cm3。8.7.嵌缝材料要求最大拉伸强度≥0.2MPa，最大伸长率≥300%，且拉、且循环性能为80℃时拉伸－压缩率不小于±20%。九、设备配置防水板专用台车1台、手动电热熔接器2个、电锤（钻）3把、ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 自动爬行式热合机2台。十、质量控制及检验1、铺设前进行精确放样，弹出标准线进行试铺后确定防水板一环的尺寸，尽量减少接头。2、用热塑垫圈法铺设防水板，缓冲层搭接宽度应不小于50mm，可用热风焊枪点焊，每幅防水板应布置适当排数垫圈，每排垫圈距防水板边缘40cm左右。3、两幅防水板的搭接宽度不应小于150mm，允许偏差为-10mm；焊缝宽度不应小于2cm。4、防水板环向铺设时，先拱后墙，下部防水板应压住上部防水板。5、防水板宜在洞外焊大幅，按每次挂设长度焊好后方可进洞挂设。6、防水板之间的搭接缝应采用双焊缝，利用调温、调速热楔式功能的自动爬行式热合机热熔焊接，细部处理或修补采用手持焊枪，单条焊缝的有效焊接宽度不应小于10mm，焊接严密，不得焊焦焊穿。7、三层以上塑料防水板的搭接形式应采用“T”型接头，不允许接缝重叠。防水板搭接示意图8、分段铺设的卷材的边缘部位预留至少60cm的搭接余量并且对预留部分边缘部位进行有效的保护。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 9、绑扎或焊接钢筋时，应采取措施避免对卷材造成破坏。10、混凝土振捣时，振捣棒不得接触防水板，以免防水板受到损伤。十一、安全及环境保护要求1、防水板作业用台车必须牢固、稳定，具有足够的刚度和强度。2、高处作业时必须佩戴好安全帽和系好安全绳。3、基面清理时必须干净、彻底。表面抹平及补喷混凝土严格按要求施工，以保证防水板铺挂时不受破损。4、防水板铺挂时应从下而上进行，下部防水板应压住上部防水板，并按要求预留一定的富余量。两幅防水板搭接宽度不小15cm。5、防水板焊接时采用自动爬行式热合机焊接，焊接时采用双焊缝，并应采取措施保证焊接严密，不得焊焦焊穿。6、焊接完成后必须按要求进行焊接质量检查，如发现有漏洞时应按要求进行补焊，并进行复检工作。7、防水板破损补焊时采用手动电热熔接器加热进行补焊。补焊要求密实不漏气，并不得焊焦焊穿。8、加强防水板焊接质量检查，焊接完成后应及时报质检工程师和监理工程师复检，并进行现场签认。9、防水板铺设应超前二次衬砌施工18-24m，设临时挡板防止机械损伤和电火花灼伤防水板。10、一循环防水板铺挂完成后应对作业场地进行清扫，以保持现场的整洁，满足文明施工的要求。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 新建云桂铁路云南段2标段隧道工程 编号：YGT2-ZYZDS隧-011   ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 隧道衬砌后回填注浆施工作业指导书  单位：中铁二十五局集团有限公司云桂铁路云南段项目经理部编制：审核：批准： 2010年7月30日发布2010年8月1日实施衬砌后回填注浆作业指导书一、衬砌后回填注浆作业指导书的主要编制依据1、依据国家和铁道部颁布的规范、验收标准和施工指南2、依据云桂铁路云南段2标段设计图；3、合同及相关协议ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 4、国家级工法和成熟的施工方法。5、《关于积极倡导架子队管理模式的指导意见》。二、适用范围适用于新建云桂铁路云南段2标：安好隧道、八阴隧道、曙光隧道、革朗隧道、里颇隧道、里叩隧道、红石岩隧道、甘蔗园一号隧道、甘蔗园二号隧道、白腊塞一号隧道、白腊塞二号隧道、营盘山隧道、保上隧道。三、作业准备二次衬砌已施工完毕，衬砌混凝土结构表面密实平整、颜色均匀，无蜂窝、孔洞、疏松、麻面和缺棱掉角等缺陷，衬砌混凝土强度达到设计强度的70%以上。人员配备、机具设备及工器具配备、材料等都已准备齐全，符合衬砌后回填注浆施工作业要求。四、技术要求二次衬砌后应采用无损检测法检测，进行钻孔取芯，压水（空气）等检测时，每个断面从拱顶至两侧边墙不少于5点，监理见证检测；再根据检测结果确定注浆孔的数量、布置、间距以及深度，注浆方式符合设计要求。回填注浆要保证回填密实，注浆压力符合设计要求。五、施工程序与工艺流程1、二次衬砌施工后有渗漏水的地段，宜及时采用回填注浆。在初期支护上可凿孔进行回填注浆；二次衬砌利用预留的注浆管进行回填注浆。回填注浆应在衬砌混凝土强度达到设计强度的70%后进行。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 2、二次衬砌后有渗漏水时采用衬砌内注浆，注浆孔应根据衬砌渗漏水情况布置，孔深为衬砌厚度的（1/3～2/3）之间。衬砌内注浆一般采用电冲击锤成孔，浆液采用化学浆液或超细水泥浆液，用手压泵压注即可。衬砌内注浆通常用于处理结构不密实，有贯通裂缝的情况，为防止壁后泥砂涌入影响注浆效果或浆液流失，因此规定孔深宜为壁厚的1/3～2/3。3、注浆堵水参数：（1）回填注浆材料采用1：1水泥浆液。（2）注浆压力0.05～0.1Mpa。4、施工工艺流程工艺流程见如下：注浆管埋设衬砌施工浆液配置清管ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 衬砌砼达到设计强度70％开始注浆注浆未达到效果注浆结束5、注浆管埋设注浆管设于拱顶模筑衬砌内，采用￠42钢管，注浆管长度根据现场情况确定，出浆口顶住防水板，使防水板紧贴喷层，注浆口应凸出衬砌内缘砼2cm。每环衬砌两端注浆管离衬砌施工缝1.5m,中间部分注浆管每个间距3.0m。6、注浆注浆采用单液注浆机注浆，注浆压力小于1.0Mpa。注浆材料：采用单液水泥砂浆。六、施工机械及人员施工机械有：注浆机1台，浆液搅拌机1台，人员：机械操作2人，钻孔2人，技术2人，其他5人。七、材料要求注浆堵水时：回填注浆材料采用1：1水泥浆液；注浆管埋设时：采用单液水泥砂浆，注浆材料性能试验合格，配合比选定报告符合设计要求，八、施工要求ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 1、预注浆及围岩注浆后，必须在分析资料的基础上，采取钻孔取芯法对注浆效果进行检查，必要时进行压（抽）水试验。当检查孔的吸水量大于1.0L/（min·m）时，必须进行补充注浆。注浆结束后注浆钻孔及检查孔应封填密实。2、注浆应防止对环境的污染，在注浆施工期间及工程结束后，应对水源取样检查。当有污染时，应及时采取相应措施。3、水泥类浆液宜选用强度等级不低于32.5级的水泥，其他浆液材料应符合有关规定。九、质量控制与检验回填注浆的浆液强度达到设计要求，有试验报告合格，回填注浆保证回填密实，有无损检测报告合格。十、安全及环境保护要求10.1安全要求10.1.1隧道施工各班组间，应建立完善的交接班制度。在交接班时，交班人应将本班组的施工情况及有关安全事宜及措施向接班人详细交待，并记载于交接班记录本上，工地值班负责人(领工员)应认真检查交接班情况。每班开工前未认真检查工作面安全状况，不得施工。10.1.2对各类事故均应严格按照“三不放过”(即事故原因不查清不放过，责任者和群众未受到教育不放过，没有制订和采取安全防范措施不放过)的原则进行处理。10.1.3施工时严格安全用电。10.1.4注浆时，防止压力过大，要有安全防护。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 10.2环境保护要求10.2.1建立环境保护、水土保持“三同时”制度，即环境保护、水土保持设施与主体工程同时设计、同时实施、同时施工的制度。施工时根据环保设施设计及施工方案，做好设计环保设施及临时工程的环保设施，保护好施工现场及驻地周围环境。10.2.2建立环境保护、水土保持目标责任制，本工程环境保护工作由项目经理部向业主单位负责。项目经理部负责标段内环境保护目标责任书的制定、下达、实施和考核工作，将环境保护工作与每个施工人员的责任、权力、利益和义务有机结合，切实做到奖优罚劣。10.2.3施工废水按有关要求进行处理，不得直接排入农田、河流和渠道。清洗骨料的水和其它施工废水采取过滤、沉淀处理后方可排放，以免污染周围环境。施工机械的废油废水采取隔油池等有效措施加以处理，不得超标排放。10.2.4按设计施工，采用“防、排、堵、截结合、因地制宜、综合治理”的原则进行注浆堵水，施工中对地下水、泉点、水井进行定时观测，以免施工造成水位下降，防止因地下水、地表水流失改变水系，破坏生态平衡。10.2.5靠近生活水源的施工，用壕沟或堤坝同生活水源隔开，避免污染生活水源。10.2.6ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157 生活污水采取二级生化或化粪池等措施进行净化处理，生活废水必须经沉淀处理，经检查符合标准后方可排放。注意保护自然水流形态，做到不淤、不堵、不留施工隐患，不阻塞河道。ConferenceisbyCouncilpartyresearchdecidedheldofonceimportantConference,maintaskisin-depthlearningimplementXIGeneralSecretaryseriesimportantspeechespeciallyon"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantindicatesspirit,accordingtoCentral,andprovincialandmunicipaloninallmembersinthecarriedout"learnConstitutionPartyrules,andSpeechseries,bequalifiedpartymembers"learnthedeploymentrequirementsofeducation,forme"two"educationworkarrangements,educationandguidancedirectlyundertheworksofpartymembersandfurtherstrengtheningtheconvictioninideal,keepingfaithfultothepartyandsetupbreezeupright,play,dare,tospeedupwaterconservancyreformanddevelopmenteffortstoprovideastrongorganizationalguarantee.Justnow,theXXgayannouncedmunicipalwatersystems"two"isFertilizationsystem,unitsofthepartyorganizationinaccordancewiththeimplementationplan,payingcarefulattentiontoimplementation.Thefollowing,accordingtothespiritoftheCentral,provincialandmunicipalpartyCommittee,andconductedmymunicipalwatersystem"two"studyandeducation,Iwishtomakethreepoints.A,anddeepawarenesscarriedout"twolearnado"learningeducationofimportantmeaningpartyof18bigyilai,toXIcomradeforGeneralSecretaryofCentral,aroundfullstrictlyrulepartymadehasseriesmajordeployment,playedhasastrictlyrulepartyofcombinationfist,hascarriedouthaspartyofmasslineeducationpracticeactivities,"threestrictthreereal"topiceducation,forsolutionmemberscadresespeciallyCountyatlevelaboveleadersexistsofhighlightproblem,advancefullstrictlyrulepartyuptohasveryimportantofrole,tubepartyrulepartylostofYuwide,andLostintheloose,soft-lostproblemhasbeengreatlyimproved,rankstheoverallqualityhasbeengreatlyimproved.Butalsoto157