某高速公路投标施工组织设计

目录表1施工组织设计文字说明1、设备、人员动员周期和设备、人员、材料运到现场的方法…………………9-61.1人员计划及动员周期……………………………………………………9-61.2施工机械设备配备计划及动员周期……………………………………9-71.3检测仪器设备配备计划及动员周期……………………………………9-81.4主要材料供应计划………………………………………………………9-121.5设备、人员、材料运到现场的方法………………………………………9-122、施工组织机构的主要职责范围………………………………………………9-132.1组织机构设置原则………………………………………………………9-132.2施工组织机构设置………………………………………………………9-142.3主要职责范围……………………………………………………………9-152.4主要技术力量配备………………………………………………………9-193、施工便道等临时工程方案及拟建临时工程数量及结构……………………9-203.1施工现场布置及临时工程方案…………………………………………9-203.2主要临时工程数量及其结构……………………………………………9-224、施工总体方案及进度计划……………………………………………………9-234.1工程特点…………………………………………………………………9-234.2施工总体方案……………………………………………………………9-234.3总体施工进度计划………………………………………………………9-274.4分项工程施工进度计划…………………………………………………9-285、主要工程项目的施工方案、施工方法………………………………………9-295.1隧道工程…………………………………………………………………9-29andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 5.1.1施工测量………………………………………………………………9-295.1.2洞口及明洞……………………………………………………………9-305.1.3超前地质预探预报……………………………………………………9-345.1.4一般地段开挖…………………………………………………………9-365.1.5特殊地段开挖…………………………………………………………9-385.1.6出碴运输………………………………………………………………9-435.1.7初期支护………………………………………………………………9-435.1.8监控量测………………………………………………………………9-455.1.9结构防排水……………………………………………………………9-465.1.10二次衬砌……………………………………………………………9-485.1.11施工通风、排水………………………………………………………9-495.1.12隧道砼路面工程施工…………………………………………9-515.1.13隧道装修……………………………………………………………9-535.2桥梁工程…………………………………………………………………9-535.2.1明挖扩大基础施工……………………………………………………9-545.2.2墩台身施工……………………………………………………………9-545.2.3台帽与盖梁施工………………………………………………………9-555.2.4支座施工………………………………………………………………9-575.2.5台后回填及锥体护坡施工……………………………………………9-575.2.6后张预应力空心板预制………………………………………………9-585.2.7梁板铺架………………………………………………………………9-615.2.9桥面系施工……………………………………………………………9-625.3通道及涵洞工程……………………………………………………………9-655.3.1工程简述………………………………………………………………9-65andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 5.3.2施工准备………………………………………………………………9-655.3.3基槽及垫层施工………………………………………………………9-655.3.4涵洞施工………………………………………………………………9-665.3.5通道施工………………………………………………………………9-685.4路基及防护工程……………………………………………………………9-685.4.1工程简述………………………………………………………………9-685.4.2路基施工………………………………………………………………9-695.4.3路基防护与排水………………………………………………………9-785.5砼工程………………………………………………………………9-815.5.1工程简述………………………………………………………………9-815.5.2拌合站设置……………………………………………………………9-815.5.3砼供应与捣固……………………………………………………9-816、确保工程质量和工期的措施…………………………………………………9-846.1工程质量保证措施………………………………………………………9-846.2工期保证措施……………………………………………………………9-927、冬季和雨季的施工安排……………………………………………………9-957.1冬季的施工安排…………………………………………………………9-957.2雨季的施工安排…………………………………………………………9-988、质量保证体系………………………………………………………………9-999、安全保证体系………………………………………………………………9-10210、环境保护措施……………………………………………………………9-11011、文明施工措施……………………………………………………………9-11312、廉政建设措施……………………………………………………………9-11413、非典防治措施……………………………………………………………9-114andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 表2分项工程进度率计划（斜率图）表3工程管理曲线表4施工总平面布置表5主要分项工程施工工艺框图表5-1洞口段施工工艺流程图表5-2长管棚施工工艺流程图表5-3明洞施工工艺流程图表5-4Ⅱ类围岩段施工工艺流程图表5-5Ⅲ类围岩段施工工艺流程图表5-6Ⅳ类围岩施工工艺流程图表5-7喷射砼施工工艺流程图表5-8隧道施工监测布置图表5-9隧道防水层施工工艺流程图表5-10隧道衬砌施工方法及工艺流程图表5-11明挖扩大基础施工工艺框图表5-12墩台施工工艺图表5-13盖梁施工工艺流程图表5-14后张预应力空心板施工艺流程图表5-15板涵施工工艺流程图表5-16圆管涵施工工艺流程图表5-17路基挖方施工方法及施工工艺流程图表5-18路基填方施工方法及施工工艺流程图表5-19路基挡墙防护工程施工工艺流程图表6分项工程生产率和施工周期表andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 表7施工总体计划表表8施工总体计划网络图andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 表1施工组织设计文字说明1、设备、人员动员周期和设备、人员、材料运到现场的方法1.1人员计划及动员周期根据本工程的工程数量、工期要求及定额工天，并结合拟进场机械配备情况、进场队伍施工经验、施工水平，本工程拟组建三个工区，其中包括1个专业隧道施工作业队、1个专业路基施工作业队、3个桥梁施工作业队、3个机械队。劳动力实行弹固结合，灵活组织、动态管理，依据总要求和各分项、分部及单位工程之间的内在联系，实行平行流水或交叉作业，施工高峰期拟投入全员总人数1370人（其中经理部68人）。1.1.1人员安排计划人员安排计划见表1-1。人员配备表表1-1名称人数备注经理部68第一工区120第二工区160第三工区360合计7081.1.2施工人员动员周期若我单位中标，在接到中标通知书后立即组建项目经理部，组成以项目经理为组长、以各部门负责人、工区长和作业队长为成员的先遣组，完成队伍的设营及临时设施布设。本合同段人员就近调遣，保证5andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 天先遣人员50人到达工地，项目经理部挂牌办公，代表我单位全面履行在投标中的承诺，为施工做前期准备；参加本合同段施工的队伍，将按任务划分施工进度安排，依据劳动力安排计划陆续进场。见表-1-2。人员动态投入表表1-2施工时间投入人数年度季度20034200412341.2施工机械设备配置计划及动员周期1.2.1设备计划和动员周期施工机械依据施工进度和现场施工的要求进行动态管理，满足服务周期，就近调配。具体使用时间依据施工需要提前1月调配或按业主、监理工程师的要求进行安排，达到业主和监理工程师满意。开工急需的首批设备和先遣人员提前安排，在业主允许进场后7日内到达施工地点，首批进场设备见表1-3。1.2.2主要施工机械设备配备机械设备配备，遵循以下原则：（1）优选精良、先进、适合本合同段工程的最佳施工机械设备，合理进行匹配，使全线形成快速施工能力。（2）根据本合同段工期及工程量，使机械设备能力大于进度计划指标能力，有足够的设备储备。（3）同类机械设备尽可能采用同厂家设备，以便于维修、配件供应和通用互换，确保机械使用率。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 首批进场的机械设备仪器表表1-3序号设备名称单位数量型号功能备注1发电机台1250KVA2内燃空压机台212m3/min3装载机台2ZLC-504推土机台1TY-1805挖掘机台11.0m36汽车台44.5T7风钻台30YT-288抽水机台39潜水泵台610砼搅拌机台3JZ-35011砼喷射机台312钢筋加工设备套113测量仪器套314载重汽车台38T15汽车起重机台1QY-1616工程指挥车台2拟投入本合同工程的主要施工机械设备见表1-4。1.3检测仪器设备配备计划及动员周期1.3.1设备调遣动员周期材料试验、质检仪器设备、测量设备将按照工程进度计划的需要，从工地附近工点分期调入，并达到满足监理工程师的要求；开工前期急需的部分测量、检验仪器将在业主允许进场7日内运达现场。1.3.2主要施工检测仪器设备配备计划施工检测设备配备遵循以下原则：仪器设备配备遵循以下原则：（1）仪器设备配置合理，数量充足，满足施工需求。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 拟投入本合同工程的主要施工机械表表1-4机械名称规格型号额定功率（KW）或容量（m3）或吨位（t）厂牌及出厂时间数量（台）新旧程度％小计其中拥有新购租赁1、路基施工机械挖掘机EX2201.0m3日立984495推土机T180A162KW宣化988895振动压路机YZ18/2160t上海9955100光轮压路机3Y18/21上海9922100平地机Y20B118KW天津982295装载机ZL50C154KW、2.7m3厦门982295自卸汽车XC3320188KW、18t铁马973390洒水机KS-156714m温州962285移动式空压机VY-12/712m3/min徐州983395风钻YT-28天水97151590潜孔钻KQ150022KW、Φ1.5m河北9933100电动打夯机HZ2504KW、20Kn984495拌合机350L15m3/h郑州9822952、桥梁施工机械自动计量砼拌合站YD2025m3/h山东9911100砼输送泵HBT6055KW、60m3/h湖北9911100砼输送车FV413JMP213KW、6m3日本972290张拉设备988895电焊机BX1-40031.4KVA成都9966100汽车吊车QY-2525t徐州981195内燃空压机VY-127-d110KW、12m3/min柳州982295钻机DM-5020马力衡阳972290对焊机7.5KW961190千斤顶YCW250上海982295千斤顶YCW150上海982295钢筋切割机CQ327.5KW上海982295钢筋弯曲机BGW327.5KW上海982295钢筋调直机GT4×107.5KW无锡982295振捣器978890架桥机自制11100龙门吊自制11100andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 续表1-4机械名称规格型号额定功率（KW）或容量（m3）或吨位（t）厂牌及出厂时间数量（台）新旧程度％小计其中拥有新购租赁3、隧道施工机械三臂凿岩台车H178150KW、2m3/min瑞典957790多功能台架4m自制9988100模板台车12m自制9988100电动空压机4L-208130KW、20m3/min柳州98101095内燃空压机VY-127-d110KW、12m3/min柳州984495管棚钻机GBZ-150钻深300m洛阳965590挖掘机EX2201.0m3日立984495风钻YT-2897606090自动计量砼拌合站PLD800*250m3/h山东9933100湿喷机TK-961成都9916106100注浆机BW-250/5011KW、3m3/h河北976690双液注浆机HVF-5D河北983395砼输送泵HBT6055KW、60m3/h湖北9854195砼输送车FV413JMP213KW、6m3日本978890装载机ZLC50154KW、2.7m3厦门987795轴流通风机MFA100P110KW、1200m3/h日本989995自卸汽车XC3320188KW、18t西南979990自卸汽车EQ3090E93KW、4.5t东风97141490干式除尘器GC30015KW、300m3天津988895潜水泵2.2KW、40m3/h四川98121295变压器S7-630/10630KVA四川99422100变压器S7-500/10500KVA四川99221004、其它发电机250GF250KW河南99422100车床CA6140×15008.5KW、400mm沈阳962290钻床Z3025×91.5KW、Φ26mm湖北962290刨床B6653KW、650mm呼和浩特962290锻钎机YDD17.5KW、25mm承德974495抽水机DA100*837KW、100m3/h博山9944100空气锤C41-15018KW、150kg沈阳963390牛头刨床136657.5KW、650mm大连981195木工圆锯MJ-1167.5KW、600mm江苏982295木工压刨M13-1047.5KW、400mm江苏982295指挥车22100andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 生活用车44100（2）设备功能先进，性能良好，状态稳定。（3）全部仪器已经过标定合格，并按期进行检定。拟投入本工程的主要检验、测量和试验设备详见表1-5。拟配备本合同工程主要的材料试验、测量、质检仪器设备表表1-5序号仪器设备名称规格型号单位数量备注1万能材料试验机WE-1000KN台12压力试验机YE-200A台13光电式液塑限测定仪GYS-Z台14K30荷载板K30台25核子密度测定仪MC-3台16重型击实仪台27标准手提击实仪SJ-Q台28坍落度仪φ100/200台29含水量快速测定仪HKC台210土壤筛φ200套111砂子筛φ200套112石子筛φ300套113标准振动筛机XSB-70A台114水泥胶砂搅拌机NRJ411A台115雷氏煮沸箱FZ-31台116水泥胶砂振动台GZ-85台117雷氏膨胀值测定仪LL-50台118水泥养护箱SJN-1台119砼振动台1m2台120砼钻孔取样机HG-100型台121砼凝结时间测定仪2T120台122砼抗渗透仪HS-40台123自动恒温、恒湿器ZWS-11台124调温调湿箱DT-303-2台125砼回弹仪HT225台226砂浆稠度计SC-145台2andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 27保护层测定仪HB-84A台128精密标准天平TG35台129分析天平TG628A台430托盘天平HCTP12B.2台431台秤JGT-100台1032水准仪NA2台933经纬仪J2台934弯沉仪台135砂浆试模70.7×70.7×70.7mm组4836砼试模150×150×150mm组6037全站仪徕卡905L台138温、湿度测定仪温度-20-100℃湿度0-100%台239呼吸式粉尘监测仪ACH-1台140风速仪数显0-50m/S±1台141精密水准仪W1LD-N3台142精密水准仪NA2002台143精密水准仪DSZ2+FZS1台144爆破测振仪CRAS台145锚杆拉拔器300KW/1N台146收敛计GY85套447多种位移计套148频率接收仪VW-1套11.4主要材料供应计划本合同紧邻晋标中市，材料供应渠道多，中标后，将就近选择材料质量好，价格合理，货源充足，讲信誉的供货商。对需求量大，货源较紧的材料设临时库房，确保施工需要。对火工品采购将与地方公安局联系后采购。主要材料供应计划见表1-6《分季度主要材料供应计划表》。1.5设备、人员、材料运到现场的方法本合同段拟投入的施工机械和检验试验设备计划就近抽调，不足部分从我单位本部调派。接到中标通知书和业主进场指令后，7andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 天内首批设备运至工地，工地附近抽调的设备采用汽车运输，本部调派的设备通过火车运至晋中火车站，再用汽车运至工地。主要材料分季度供应计划表表1-6序号材料名称单位数量2003年2004年4季度1季度2季度3季度4季度1水泥t4354933025870100531005369712天然中（粗）砂m31044827922140842411824118167253碎石m317917013585241514135941359286804钢筋t1176901602702701905木材m371054961641641146型钢t35828508383587炸药Kg727258565641354541779751618151124108雷管个930123723431732392278082071231438859汽油Kg311042360419371807180498010柴油Kg639607148496086215014764311476431102380311砂砾m310933830147425382538176012片石m33075023324145710071004923本合同段工程施工高峰拟投入人员总数1370人，计划从附近工地抽调参加过类似工程施工的队伍承担，并在我单位全范围内以充实管理、技术力量。我单位在接到中标通知书和业主进场指令后，5天内首批人员50人从各地分乘火车、汽车到达工地，进行施工准备，其他人员根据施工进度安排分批到达，工程所用材料在太古及附近采购的，通过汽车运至工地；须从厂家购买的材料由我单位物资供应站集中采购，火车运至晋中火车站再用汽车运至工地。2、施工组织机构的主要职责范围2.1组织机构设置原则根据本项目的工程数量、工期要求、施工环境，以及各分项、分部、单位工andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 程先后施工顺序和相互制约时间，确定如下原则：（1）坚持项目法管理的原则。通过与业主、监理工程师和设计部门的充分合作，综合运用人员、机械、物资、方法、资金和信息，实现质量和造价的最佳组合。（2）遵循GB/T19002-1994idtISO9002：1994生产、安装和服务的质量保证模式和由此编制的质量体系文件，完成要求的质量目标。（3）在满足业主各种要求的前提下，确保实现质量、安全、工期的预期目标。（4）各工序平行作业，针对不同工序施工按专业化组织流水生产作业,采用大型设备配套技术快速施工，施工设备、物资统一组织，发挥资源最大效益。（5）涵洞施工先行，路基紧跟，使挖方能直接运至路基作填，减少二次倒运。2.2施工组织机构设置本合同段按照项目法要求，结合工程的专业性质、工程规模、地形特点、施工条件和我单位对类似工程的组织管理经验，成立太晋高速公路项目经理部，作为我单位在本项目的管理机构。委派具有项目经理资质的同志任项目经理，同时组织一个理论及实践经验丰富、业务能力强、高效、精干的项目经理部，对本工程全面实行项目管理，调我单位长期从事公路隧道工程施工的队伍承担本项目工程的施工。项目经理部设项目经理一名、副经理一名、总工程师一名。下设四部一室，即工程技术部、经营财务部、机电物资部、办公室。组织机构见图2-1。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 项目经理部全面负责组织本合同段的施工，编制实施性施工组织设计、质量计划，编制关键工序作业指导书，编制年、季度、月施工计划、资金计划、材料计划，将计划层层落实，解决生产过程中出现的问题，与业主、监理工程师、设计单位紧密配合，搞好组织和协调工作。项目经理总工程师副经理办公室机电物资部经营财务部工程技术部安全质检工程试验测量量测工程技术治安保卫劳资人事文秘打印公共关系大堆材料物资管理机电设备财务成本合同预算计划统计工程调度第三工区第二工区第一工区图2-1拟为承包本合同工程设立的组织机构图2.3主要职责范围2.3.1项目经理andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 （1）作为单位法人代表的被授权人，在本合同段工程项目实施过程中，就工程施工、完成及缺陷修复等方面，代表我单位，负责对业主的协商、签订合同文件、组织并执行一切与此相关的事务；（2）在本工程项目实施过程中，贯彻执行国家方针、政策、法规；（3）作为本合同段工程项目安全、质量保证的第一责任人，负责建立健全安全、质量保证体系，确定本项目安全、质量目标，建立和实施安全、质量生产责任制，确保各项安全、质量活动的正常开展；（4）负责施工现场的文明施工管理和环境保护，组建施工现场的文明施工领导小组，并结合本合同段工程项目的特点，组织制定和实施文明施工管理和环保细则；（5）负责工程的组织指挥，传达业主、监理的指令并组织实施，对工程项目进行资源配置，保证本项目管理体系的有效运行及所需人、材、物、机资源的需要，根据工程需要对现场人员任免、聘用、奖罚，对工程项目成本负责。2.3.2项目副经理配合项目经理对本项目的管理。按分工对现场施工的安全、质量、进度文明施工、环保、成本控制等实施管理。全面落实安全、质量责任制和各项工作计划，协助项目经理协调好外部关系，处理施工中出现的具体问题和项目经理部的日常工作。2.3.3项目总工程师（1）对本合同段施工技术、工程质量、安全生产、施工计量、测量试验负直接技术责任，负责组织指导工程技术人员开展有效的技术管理工作；（2）负责组织编制本合同段工程项目的《实施性施工组织设计》、《质量计划》和保证工程质量、安全生产的技术措施；（3）负责按设计要求组织在本项目的新技术、新工艺、新设备、新材料的推广应用；andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 （4）对工程施工中可能存在的质量隐患及其预防和纠正措施进行审核，组织工程施工中技术难题的科研攻关；（5）负责组织竣工资料编制和技术总结，组织竣工交验。2.3.4工程技术部（1）负责《施工技术管理办法》的实施，根据工程进展编制施工工艺、工序作业指导书，进行技术交底、施工实施过程监控，负责本工程项目的征租地拆迁工作，解决施工技术疑难问题，负责本项目工程的施工过程控制；（2）负责生产调度工作，定期进行工程进度统计并编写《工程进度分析报告》，并及时将有关情况传递给项目经理部的有关岗位；（3）负责本合同段工程控制测量、日常施工测量和施工放样、复核等测量工作，以及超前地质预报、监控量测工作的实施和信息反馈；（4）负责本工程项目各工序的检验及不合格的检验控制，按检验评定标准对施工过程实施检查监督和评定；（5）负责产品标识和可溯性、最终检验和试验，及原材料进场检验、砼的样品采集和检验；（6）根据工程进度及时形成各项质量记录，并分类归档；（7）负责编制本项目有关的交通疏解、环保的方案和措施并监督实施。（8）根据我单位安全质量目标和管理规定，制定本合同段工程的《安全质量管理工作规划》，负责安全质量综合管理；（9）编制和呈报《安全质量工作计划》、安全质量技术方案、安全质量措施，并在施工过程中监督、检查和落实；（10）定期组织安全质量检查，及时发现事故隐患，下发安全质量隐患整改通知书，并监督整改；（11）负责收集各种安全质量活动记录，填报有关报表并进行统计分析，对有关安全质量隐患的问题制定预防措施，制定并完善安全质量管理制度；andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 （12）负责全面质量管理，组织工程项目的QC小组活动；（13）定期对项目经理部安全质量管理体系运行状况进行审核，针对审核中发现的问题，指定纠正和预防措施，向项目经理部提交审核报告，以保证体系的规范运转。2.3.5经营财务部（1）对本合同段工程项目实施合同的管理，按时向业主、监理报送有关报表和资料；（2）负责本工程项目施工计划制定、实施管理，根据施工进度计划和工期要求，适时提出施工计划修正意见报项目经理批准执行；（3）及时收集有关工程进度和质量记录，编制计量支付报表，负责计量支付工作；（4）负责本合同段工程项目的财务管理工作；（5）负责合同评审，组织开展成本预算、计划、核算、分析、控制、考核和施工统计工作。2.3.6机电物质部（1）负责本合同段工程项目设备、物资采购和管理，制定设备、物资管理办法并监督落实；（2）负责本合同段工程项目全部施工设备的管理工作，制定施工机械设备管理制度并监督落实，负责设备的安装、检验、验证、标识、使用、维护和记录；（3）负责对本合同段工程机械设备的使用费用及材料消耗情况进行评价和管理。2.3.7办公室（1）负责经理部党政文秘工作，拟制、发放、管理项目经理部管理文件，负责接待、后勤事务及公共关系协调等工作；andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 （2）负责本项目工程施工中的治安和综合治理工作；（3）负责项目经理部的人事、劳资、教育工作，组织职工的学习和培训。2.3.8工区（1）在项目经理部的领导下，全面负责组织对本工区内工程的施工，按有关规范、施工组织设计和技术交底组织实施施工方案、施工计划，以及安全、质量、进度、管理等指标的实现。（2）有权拒绝不符合安全、质量要求的作业指令。（3）严格按工艺方法和作业指导书作业，按时完成计划任务，2.4主要技术力量配备为确保安全、质量、进度目标的实现，高质量、高标准的完成本工程，我单位将通过强大的技术力量配备，来保证按业主的要求，快速、优质、安全的完成各项既定指标。主要技术力量配备见表2-1。主要技术力量配备表表2-1序号计划投入的技术力量人数一管理、技术人员741高级工程师32工程师及相当职称63助工、技术员及相当职称40二操作工人3401技师152熟练技术工人3083、施工便道等临时工程方案及拟建临时工程数量及结构3.1施工现场布置及临时工程方案场地布置本着“因地制宜、便于管理、方便施工”andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 的原则进行布置。注意保护好施工场地周围的农田、沟渠、构筑物、林地等，不任意拆除和损坏。施工现场布置见表4《施工总平面布置》。3.1.1施工便道本标段跨102省道，交通方便。施工便道共用部分由业主统一修建，施工现场便道路面宽度一般段为4.5m，限制坡度11%，路面采用泥结碎石路面。3.1.2施工用电本合同段电源搭接点较为方便，将按就近搭接的原则与电力公司商定在线路旁的11万伏的主网上搭接。进场前期采用自备发电机发电。中后期自备发电机作为备用电源。3.1.3施工用水标段内水源丰富，设置的三大工区生产用水均可在象峪河中用抽水机抽至高位水池。水质好。生活水可接郝家庄自来水。3.1.4临时通讯本合同段采用程控电话和移动手机为通讯。3.1.5生产生活用房生产生活房屋修建标准：单层砖木结构，石棉瓦顶盖，火工品库为砖墙砼预制板结构；住房按3m2/人、办公5m2/人、公共生活服务设施按2m2/人修建。本标段生活办公房屋共需10270m2，生产房屋及设施面积7830m2。3.1.6拌合站施工现场设50m2/h砼拌合站3座，分设于三个工区，可以满足各工区砼的施工，砼采用集中供应，砼罐车运输。3.1.7污水及垃圾处理在生产区和生活区修建污水处理池，将生产生活废水集中处理；在生活区修建垃圾坑，生活垃圾定期进行妥善处理。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 3.1.8医疗、卫生为保证职工能安全、健康、正常地生产、生活，在施工现场设置卫生所，以满足日常的医疗服务，同时与地方医院紧密联系，作为施工后方医救中心。3.1.9防洪与防火本工程所处地区山高坡陡，且施工区大部分位于林区，施工雨季到来时，密切注意防洪；防火遵循“预防为主，防消结合”的方针。3.1.10弃渣场经过对标段的土石方量统计，将有51.08万m3土石作为弃方，因此将弃渣场设在里程k158+745右1000m处，即2#隧道出口与3#隧道进口的冲沟下游平坦荒地处，既不占用耕地，又不污染环境。3.1.11临时用地根据本工程特点，坚持少占地的原则，严格控制占地数量，共需占地77.21亩（51500m2），见表3-1。临时用地计划表表3-1用途面积（m2）需用时间----年----月至----年----月用地位置菜地水田旱地果园桩号左侧(m)右侧(m)一、临时工程134001.便道24002002.10~2004.06K156+4006074002002.10~2004.06K158+7451036002002.10~2004.06K161+42015二、生产及生活临时设施14101000356901.生活房屋19002002.10~2004.06K156+5001530002002.10~2004.06K158+745100050010005002002.10~2004.06K161+200202.办公等公用房屋9602002.10~2004.06K156+5001515002002.10~2004.06K158+74510009102002.10~2004.06K161+2002003.料库22002002.10~2004.06K156+5001533602002.10~2004.06K158+7451000andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 22702002.10~2004.06K161+20020弃渣场200002002.10~2004.06K158+74520~800租用面积合计14101000490903.1.12桥梁制梁场选择在红线用地内，紧邻桥梁的路基上，以便于架设。由于1#隧道出口与2#隧道进口、2#隧道出口与3#隧道进口之间场地狭窄，将考虑在洞内作预制场。3.2主要临时工程数量及其结构3.2.1主要临时工程数量本标段主要临时工程数量见《施工总平面布置》中主要临时工程数量表。3.2.2临时工程结构生活、办工房建单层砖木结构，石棉瓦顶盖，一般生产房建单层木结构、竹席墙、石棉瓦顶盖，有防火要求的生产房、生产火工品库为砖墙、瓦结构。4、施工总体方案及进度计划4.1工程特点4.1.1地貌复杂工程所处地区地形崎岖、山坡陡峻、地貌高差大，果树园较多，跨102省道，施工时既有线路干扰较大。4.1.2环境保护要求高本地区山岭及山坡多为基岩裸露、果园较多，控制水土流失、防污染、维护生态环境等将高度重视。4.1.3路基石方开挖安全要求高路基挖方段紧邻村庄，农田，102省道，石方爆破控制飞石和震动十分关键。4.2施工总体方案4.2.1工区划分及任务andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 本标段划分为三大工区，具体划任务为：第一工区：标段内的涵洞、路基全部工程。第二工区：标段内桥梁工程。第三工区：郝家庄隧道工程。4.2.2总体施工方案4.2.2.1指导思想（1）充分发挥企业优势和特点：在制定施工方案中，坚持科学组合，合理安排，均衡生产，确保高速度、高质量、高效益地完成本合同段的建设，实现施工组织的先进性和合理性。（2）采用先进的施工技术：机械设备的选择和施工方法的选择作到满足进度、质量和安全的要求。考虑到岩坑尖隧道群地质条件和施工技术复杂，我单位将在该工程中投入先进的设备、先进的技术、选择合理的施工方法，建成一流的隧道。（3）科学管理、严格施工工序：由于工作面多，坚持稳扎稳打，稳中求快的原则，科学管理，严格施工工序，充分利用我单位类似工程的施工经验和施工技术。（4）坚持涵洞、桥梁下部结构超前施工，路基与隧道同步展开，对制约关键线路的小型主体工程（如挡墙）等早开工、快施工。4.2.2.2总体施工顺序（1）第一工区进场，路基施工队立即开展涵洞施工，同时，在红线内打通一条通向1#隧道进口的临时便道。隧道施工队采用内燃机械设备对隧道进口破土施工，把1#隧道左线作为通往2#隧道进口的临时交通洞，给2#隧道进口提前开工创造条件。待2#隧道进口进洞后，再同时施工1#隧道。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 （2）第二工区进场，由桥梁队修建便道，隧道开挖队采用内燃机械设备对2#隧道出口、3#隧道进口破土施工，衬砌作业队修建大小临时设施。（3）第三工区进场，路基施工队立即开展涵洞施工，同时，仍在红线内打通一条通向3#隧道左线出口的临时便道。隧道开挖队采用内燃机械设备对左线隧道进口破土施工。安排人员与地方政府把3#右线隧道出口前面的水塘尽快征用，确保3#隧道右线出口提前开工。4#隧道由3#隧道出口作业队伍担任施工。4.2.2.3大型机械化设备配套方案（1）隧道机械化设备配套方案①钻爆作业线:隧道工作面采用三臂液压凿岩台车钻眼，风动凿岩机配合施工，光面控制爆破，非电毫秒起爆。②装运作业线：采用无轨运输方案，每个工作面侧卸式装载机装渣，反铲配合，自卸汽车出渣运输；③锚喷作业线：每个工作面配备一台多功能台架、2台湿喷机同时喷砼，凿岩台车打锚杆眼，风动凿岩机配合。④衬砌作业线：洞外设自动计量拌合站生产砼，每个工作面采用1台自行可调式整体钢模板台车衬砌、1台50m3/h砼输送泵、6m3砼输送车、泵送砼入模。通过以上配备，实现钻爆、装运、锚喷、衬砌等机械化作业的有机配合，同时严格机械设备管、用、养、修制度，科学管理，达到优质快速施工的目的。（2）路基机械化设备配套方案①路堑开挖采用潜孔钻钻孔，预裂爆破，使开挖边坡一次成型，再用手风钻钻孔开挖爆破，反铲装渣，载重自卸汽车运至使用地。②填方路基采用推土机和摊铺机配合平土，YT-18型振动压路机压实，洒水车洒水。（3）桥梁机械化设备配套方案andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 本标段桥梁以中、小桥为主，主要为20m空心板梁，扩大基础。设置一台25m3/h砼移动自动拌和站，装载机上料，砼运输车运砼。专用定型模板。空心板梁就地现浇，后张法施工。扩大基础采用机械开挖，人工配合。架梁采用龙门吊吊装，架桥机架设。个别跨度较小的桥梁采用汽车起重机架设。4.2.2.4隧道开挖方法的选择（1）开挖方法根据不同的地质条件采用不同的开挖施工方法：明洞采用明山拉槽开挖、就地模筑全断面整体式钢筋砼衬砌，明洞施工前，先清除洞顶上方危岩；暗洞Ⅱ类围岩采用上部留核心土台阶开挖法，Ⅲ类围岩采用正台阶法开挖，Ⅳ、Ⅴ类围岩采用全断面开挖；Ⅳ、Ⅴ类围岩紧急停车带采用台阶法开挖。爆破采用光面爆破、预裂爆破或预留光爆层的控制爆破技术。（2）隧道初期支护及衬砌施工方法爆破并清帮、找顶后立即初喷，喷射砼采用湿喷机作业，然后快速安装钢架、锚杆（超前管棚）和钢筋网，最后复喷至设计厚度。防水板铺设采用无钉铺设技术。二次砼衬砌采用洞外拌和站集中拌制，砼运输车运至工作面，再通过砼泵送入衬砌台车内。（3）隧道辅助施工措施①隧道施工通风采用自然通风。②隧道施工排水采用：隧道上坡施工采用自然排水，潜水泵辅助。经处理后排放。③采取中坑超前地质预探预报手段，对隧道开挖面前方围岩进行探测和预报，根据结果再决定采用不同的措施和合理的施工方法，保证施工正常进行，保证工程质量。④andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 隧道洞口段围岩风化破碎，进洞前先做好洞口截、排水系统、明洞及回填、洞门边仰坡防护工程，进洞时采取强支护措施，及时施做二次衬砌，以保证初期支护安全、发挥二次衬砌的承载能力，安全通过洞口段。⑤制订详细的监控量测计划，由专职量测组严格组织实施，及时分析反馈信息，指导设计施工，确保施工安全。4.3总体施工进度计划4.3.1总工期计划本标段业主要求2003年10月28日开工，工期12个月。根据我单位的施工能力和施工经验，工程进度计划安排2003年10月28日开工，2004年10月28日完工，工程进度计划安排见表7《施工总体计划表》。计划施工总工期为12个月，按业主要求的工期完工。4.3.2施工准备时间安排4.3.2.1施工准备计划为配合人员调转并为主体工程施工创造条件，我方拟定施工准备期为2个月，具体主要准备项目时间安排见表4-1。主要施工准备时间安排表表4-1序号准备项目名称时间安排备注1项目经理部挂牌2003.10.28前完成2主要管理、技术人员位2003.10.28前完成3现场规划中标~2003.11.314征地拆迁中标后5日开始办理5施工准备全面展开2002.10.28~2003.12.154.3.2.2技术准备计划（1）进行图纸会审。组织技术人员，阅读和熟悉设计文件，结合施工调查，对设计文件中存在的问题及时报监理和设计单位。（2）测量布桩。中标后立即派精测队配合设计院尽快交桩，并进行复测与制定位测量，布置现场控制测量点及护桩，并将结果报监理工程师审查。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 （3）编制《实施性施工组织设计》、《质量计划》及相应的《过程检验和试验计划》，并严格按计划实施技术管理，编制《施工工艺》和《作业指导书》，核审无误的技术文件进行技术交底。（4）根据设计文件配合各种图纸、施工规范、质量评定表、检查证等施工所需表格，建立技术档案库，实现计算机智能化管理，符合监理要求。（5）建立工地试验室，配备满足本标段施工和业主要求的试验及检验设备，并经当地技术监督部门进行检验标定。4.4分项工程施工进度计划分项工程进度计划详见附表7《施工总体计划表》和附表8《施工进度计划网络图》。其中，主要工程开、竣工时间见表4-2。主要工程开、竣工时间一览表表4-2序号工程名称开工时间完工时间备注1涵洞、通道2002-11-152003-04-242路基2002-12-262003-10-2532003-01-262003-12-2442003-01-262004-01-0852003-03-262004-04-2662003-02-232004-05-0972003-01-262004-04-1082002-12-262004-04-2892003-09-252004-03-0510冷路坑1#左线桥2003-04-162003-07-1511冷路坑1#右线桥2003-04-222003-08-2112冷路坑2#左线桥2003-04-162003-07-1513岩坑左线桥2002-11-252003-04-2414岩坑右线桥2002-11-252003-04-2415下金村左线桥2003-01-262003-03-2516下金村右线桥2003-02-262003-04-2517上麻车左线桥2003-01-262003-04-2518上麻车右线桥2003-01-262003-04-2519清岩傅桥2003-03-262003-05-255、主要工程项目的施工方案、施工方法andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 5.1隧道工程隧道施工工序简要：施工测量→仰坡治理→洞口施工→超前支护→中导坑开挖→中导坑临时支护→监控测量→中隔墙衬砌→中隔墙回填→明洞衬砌→仰拱填充→边墙基础→防水层→模筑衬砌→水沟、电缆槽施作→洞内路面→洞内设施。5.1.1施工测量（1）平面控制网布设及作业要求①严格执行国家测绘局颁布的《工程测量规范》内有关规定，以此标准开展工作。②按照《规范》及隧道误差要求作出平面控制设计。③施工测量仪器采用全站仪，标称精度±1″，2mm+2ppm。④平面控制以精密导线环作为控制主体，辅以精密三角环及精密大地四边形等插网控制，保证隧道贯通误差精度及各建筑物位置的准确。（2）洞内测量设计及要求①洞内控制采用1秒级全站仪测距精度2ppm，进行导线控制延伸测量。②贯通误差估计，可采用下面方法进行估计：式中：m外—控制网误差对横向贯通误差影响值；m1—由进口计算的影响值；m2—由出口计算的影响值；mβ—由控制点放设中线时理论高度中误差；③加强洞内控制测量的措施：andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 使用Ⅰ级全站仪进行角度、距离测量，务必使测角中误差控制在1″以内，边长中误差≤1/200000；选择良好的测量环境，引测工作应在夜晚或阴天进行，在测定向角、洞内外连接角或洞内外高差，边长悬殊大时，水平角观测不少于15个测回；每次向前延伸导线时，须对已测的前三个主副导线点重复置镜测量检核，确认无误后方可继续引测；为减少洞内导线测量误差对贯通误差的影响，应在成洞部分选择原导线点组成长边导线。5.1.2洞口及明洞5.1.2.1洞口施工5.1.2.1.1施工顺序（1）在洞口段开挖施工前先行施作洞顶截水天沟，有效治理地表水，防止地表水渗入开挖面影响边坡和成洞面的稳定。（2）按设计要求进行边坡、仰坡放线，土石方应自上而下分层开挖（层高2～3m）。土方采用反铲挖掘机挖装，石方采用光面爆破法开挖，ZL50C装载机配合反铲挖掘机装碴，自卸汽车运输。（3）及时清除洞口上方有可能滑塌的表土及山体危石等，做到不留后患。（4）边仰坡锚网喷防护应自上而下，随开挖分层及时施作，随挖随支护，施工时应特别注意坡顶喷砼防护层与原坡面的衔接，必要时视实际情况将防护范围适当上延，防止土石进一步风化引起水土流失，导致锚喷网防护部分失效。洞口段施工工艺流程图见附表5-01。5.1.2.1.2管棚施工根据设计要求，Ⅱ类围岩隧道洞口拱部采用长管棚超前支护，并注浆加固地层；管棚环向间距0.4m，方向与线路大致平行。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 （1）长管棚施工工序导向套拱施工→钻机就位→钻孔→下管→注浆→检查效果→下根管棚施工。（2）长管棚施工方法及技术措施①长管棚设计参数钢管规格为φ108普通钢管：长度有三种规格分别为21m、30m、33m，壁厚δ=6mm，节长3m和6m；并在孔口和孔底用3m的短管，以满足相邻管棚接头错开。环向间隔0.4m，仰角1°。②预制导向架在洞外安装4榀16b工字钢拱架，用φ22mm钢筋将4榀拱架纵向连接成一个整体，然后在拱架上安装φ127导向钢管，用φ25mm固定筋固定，环向间距0.4m，纵向仰角1°，方向与路线中线平行，经检查无误后，按设计要求施做C30砼套拱将导向架固定。③钻孔采用管棚钻机，从导向管内钻孔，由于管棚的注浆管间隔布置，钻孔时间隔钻孔，先施工有孔注浆管棚。为提高工作效率确保工期，采用双机联合作业。④管棚施工管棚由机械顶进，钢管节段间用丝扣连接，丝扣长15cm，保证相邻钢管的接头至少须错开2m。管棚顶到位后，钢管与导向管之间用速凝水泥将其它堵塞严密，以防注浆时冒出。⑤注浆为加固隧道周边围岩，控制地表下沉，增大管棚刚度，充填钢管周边孔隙，对有孔管进行注浆，注浆采用注浆泵2台，浆液采用水泥-水玻璃浆。水泥浆与水玻璃体积比为1:0.5，水泥浆的水灰比1:1。注浆时，注浆压力控制在初压0.5～1.0MPa、终压2.0MPa，并采用定量注浆法控制注浆量。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 长管棚施工工艺流程图见附表5-02。5.1.2.2明洞施工（1）洞口边坡和仰坡地表预加固后，进行明洞开挖。明洞开挖前应事先进行做好排水工作，即结合路基排水先行施做好洞口环形截水沟。（2）明洞开挖结合洞口边坡开挖和洞外路基开挖采用分层光面爆破法施工，分层厚度2~3m。先开挖起拱线以上部分，然后分段（分段长10m左右）开挖起拱线以下部分，并根据情况进行边坡防护。（3）开挖至明洞边墙基础标高时，检查明洞基础承载力是否符合设计，否则应根据设计要求采取加固措施。边墙基础浇筑前必须排除基坑内积水。（4）明洞钢筋砼分两部分施工，首先施工边墙基础部分，然后利用模板台车施作拱、墙钢筋砼，施工中应注意保持背模平顺、牢固、可靠。（5）明洞防水层施工时应先在背部以砂浆涂抹平整，然后按设计要求铺设复合防水板。（6）明洞衬砌砼强度达到75%以上时，在洞背防水层上铺3cm厚10#水泥砂浆保护层，开始进行回填。拱背回填应自下而上对称回填，分层夯实。填料选用粘性好、无杂质、无石块的粘土，铺设粘土隔水层，与边仰坡搭接良好，封闭严密。回填土采用人工分层回填，层厚不大于30cm，两侧回填土面高差不大于50cm，用蛙式打夯机夯实。回填至拱顶后分层满铺填筑，顶层采用粘土回填以利隔水及绿化。施工过程中严格保护防水层不被破坏。明洞施工方法及工艺流程见附表5-03。5.1.2.3洞门施工本隧道进洞门为台阶式洞门，出口为端墙式洞门洞门施工时应符合下列要求：andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 （1）洞门基础开挖后，报监理工程师审批，基础必须置于稳定的基础上，作好排水工作，不得被水浸泡，基坑废碴、杂物必须清除干净，报监理工程师验收合格后方可进行下道工序施工。（2）洞门衬砌拱墙与明洞或洞内拱墙同时施工，连成整体。（3）洞门端墙的砌筑与墙背回填，应两侧同时进行，以防止对衬砌洞体产生偏压。（4）洞门砌筑回填完成后，洞门以上仰坡坡脚如有损坏，及时修补，并检查与确保坡顶以上的截水沟和墙顶排水沟与路基排水系统的完好与连通。（5）端墙顶排水沟砌筑前，应将填土夯实密实。5.1.3一般地段开挖5.1.3.1隧道洞身开挖作业时应遵守以下规定：（1）合理确定开挖步骤和循环进尺，保持各开挖工序相互衔接，均衡施工。（2）开挖断面尺寸符合设计要求；必须严格控制超欠挖。（3）爆破后，对开挖面和未衬砌段进行检查，对可能出现的险情，采取措施及时处理。（4）开挖作业中，不损坏支护、衬砌和设备，并保护好量测测点。（5）做好地质构造的核对和素描，地质变化处和重要地段，应有照片记载。5.1.3.2施工方法（1）Ⅱ类围岩段Ⅱ类围岩段主要分布在隧道洞口附近，围岩主要为强、中风化岩，节理发育，自稳能力差，故施工难度大。Ⅱ类围岩拟采用微台阶法，人工开挖施工。下台阶采用全幅开挖。Ⅱ类围岩段施工工艺流程图见附表5-04。（3）Ⅳ类围岩段andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 采用全断面法开挖，人工风钻钻孔，非电毫秒起爆，光面爆破，装载机装碴，自卸汽车运碴到指定地点。Ⅳ类围岩施工工艺流程图见附表5-06。5.1.3.3爆破设计（1）爆破设计类型根据本隧道的地质特性和设计要求，爆破设计采用光面爆破。（2）火工器材的选择炸药：根据渗水情况分别采用乳化炸药或2号铵锑岩石炸药；雷管：带塑料导爆管脚线的1～15段非电毫秒雷管。（3）掏槽型式和堵孔掏槽形式采用用楔形掏槽。掏槽眼和底板眼超深于掘进眼10～20cm。利用炮泥堵塞炮眼，炮眼堵塞长度不小于20cm。（4）装药结构周边眼采用空气柱间隔不偶合装药形式，为保证周边眼同时起爆，使用导爆索连接各周边孔的药卷。（5）爆破设计要求根据本工程实际特点，隧道光面爆破设计应遵循以下原则：①合理选择周边眼间距E及最小抵抗线W。②严格控制周边眼的装药量，实行间隔装药。③周边眼采用小直径药卷和低爆速炸药。可借助传爆线实现空气间隔装药。④采用毫秒雷管微差顺序起爆使周边爆破时产生临空面。⑤爆破振动、爆破燥音等爆破公害控制在安全规程要求之内。⑥爆破循环进尺、爆破单工序作业时间要满足总体技术要求。炮眼利用率在90%以上，光爆的半壁炮眼留痕率在80%以上，平均线性超挖不大于10cm，最大不超过15cm，相邻两循环炮眼衔接台阶不大于10cm。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 5.1.3.4控制超欠挖要点（1）加强施工测量。（2）根据地质情况，调整光面爆破设计参数，合理选用周边眼间距、装药结构、药量及抵抗线长度。（3）提高司钻人员司钻水平，严格按设计司钻。（4）不同围岩条件下的允许超挖值规定见表5-3。允许超挖值一览表表5-3围岩类别开挖部位Ⅱ类（cm）Ⅳ类（cm）拱部平均10最大15最大20平均10边墙、仰拱、隧底平均10平均105.1.5特殊地段施工5.1.5.1软弱围岩、断层破碎带施工隧道出洞段地质条件普遍较差，均属于Ⅱ类围岩；施工拟采用超前预注浆加强支护，再进行开挖施工。（1）施工原则深探孔、早预报、管超前、预注浆、小断面、留核心、短进尺、弱爆破、强支护、紧封闭、勤量测，稳打稳扎，步步为营，以防为主，稳步前进。（2）施工方法按照Ⅱ类围岩段施工要求进行，同时中导坑打设超前小导管进行加强支护，尽量采用风镐开挖，初期支护及时封闭成环，掘进循环进尺控制在0.5~0.8m。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 岩坑尖隧道群中左线2号隧道、左线3号隧道、右线2号隧道、右线3号隧道之间共设置了5处行人横洞、4处车行横洞。横洞长度不等。行人横洞与行车方向夹角为90°，行车通道与行车方向夹角为60°。隧道内还单独设置了用于存放专用消防器材等的洞室。5.1.6出碴运输（1）运输方式因洞内弃碴需外弃，且隧道断面大，并且长度短，有害气体含量小于规范要求，故隧道洞内运输均采用自卸汽车外运。（2）装碴及运输设备见表5-4。装碴和运输设备表表5-4项目名称装碴设备运输设备Ⅱ类围岩微台阶弧形法ZL50C装载机、反铲挖掘机自卸汽车Ⅳ类围岩全断面法ZL50C装载机自卸汽车（3）弃碴方案隧道开挖石碴应根据业主及当地政府的要求运至指定弃碴场。5.1.7初期支护（1）施工顺序①Ⅱ类围岩初喷砼→架立钢拱架→超前中空锚杆施作→复喷砼→中空注浆锚杆施作。②Ⅳ类围岩初喷砼→中空锚杆施作→复喷砼。（2）喷射砼分步开挖完后，立即进行砼初喷，初喷厚度3~5cmandmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 ；待钢架或格栅、钢筋网、注浆锚杆施作完成后进行砼复喷，复喷厚度达到设计要求。砼采用25#砼，粗骨料为1.5cm的卵石或碎石，细骨料为级配良好的中粗砂，在洞外用强制拌合机拌合，小型自卸汽车运输，湿喷机喷射砼。喷射砼施工工艺流程图见表5-07。（3）钢拱架Ⅱ类围岩地段采用钢拱架，纵向间距75cm，纵向用Φ25钢筋连接，连接筋间距50cm；钢拱架采用冷弯加工。钢筋或节点板焊接时，严格按规范要求进行。为保证下一步施工的顺利进行，在支撑的拱脚，根据情况采用长4m，Φ50mm钢管的锁脚锚管，以加强钢架或格栅支撑的稳定。（4）中空注浆锚杆①锚杆钻孔清孔喷射砼完成后，按设计要求及时安设中空注浆锚杆。先在岩面上画出需施设的锚杆孔位点，钻孔完成后用高压风水清孔，孔位偏差不大于15cm。②中空注浆锚杆施作先用钻机按设计要求施做锚杆孔，然后插入锚杆，用速凝水泥浆将锚杆孔与锚杆之间的空隙充填密实，随后将按设计要求配置的浆液注入锚杆中。③中空注浆锚杆参数根据设计要求，本隧道采用Φ25中空注浆锚杆，梅花形布置。Ⅱ类围岩地段拱墙部位设锚杆，长3.5m，间距100×100cm；Ⅳ类围岩地段拱墙部位设锚杆，长2.5m，间距150×120cm。（6）质量检验andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 隧道洞身喷锚衬砌检测项目见表5-5。洞身喷锚衬砌实测项目表表5-5项次项目规定值或允许偏差检查方法和频率1砼强度(MPa)在合格标准内按规定检查2锚杆拔力(KN)28d拔力平均值≥设计值最小拔力≥0.9设计值按锚杆数1%，且不小于3根作拔力试验3喷层厚度(mm)平均厚度≥设计厚；检查点的60%≥设计厚；最小厚度≥0.5设计厚；且≥60每10m检查1个断面，每个断面从拱顶中线起每2m检查个点，用凿孔或激光断面仪、光带摄影法确定厚度5.1.8监控量测（1）现场监控量测的必要性本隧道采用新奥法设计和施工，为了掌握施工中围岩和支护的力学动态及稳定程度，以及确定施工工序，保证施工安全，进行现场量测是十分必要的。（2）施工监测目的隧道通过浅埋段或断层影响带，为了确保施工安全，在施工中进行监测量测，通过监测数据反馈分析，可验证施工方法，支护方案的可行性和可靠性，以便及时准确地调整支护参数，修正施工方案及施工程序。（3）监测内容①拱顶下沉及收敛监测沿隧道纵向在拱顶和墙中布设测点，测点间距根据围岩条件埋深而定，II类围岩取15～20m，Ⅳ类围岩40～60m。监测仪器：精密水准仪、钢铁尺、坑道收敛计。②支护状况的监测andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 开挖面附近初期支护状态的观察和裂缝描述，对直接判定围岩的稳定性和初期支护的可靠性检验是不可少的。测点布置：开挖及初期支护后进行观测。检测仪器：地质罗盘仪、TSP202超前地质预报系统。隧道施工监测布置图见附表5-08。③其它设计和监理要求监测的项目。（4）隧道现场监控量测项目及量测方法见表5-6。隧道现场监控量测项目及量测方法表表5-6序号项目名称方法及工具布置量测间隔时间1~15d16d~1个月1~3个月大于3个月1地质及支护状态观察岩性、结构面产状及支护裂缝观察或描述，地质罗盘等开挖后及初期支护后进行每次爆破后进行2周边位移各种类型收敛计每10~50m一个断面，每断面2~3对测点1~2次/天1次/2天1~2次/周1~3次/月3拱顶下沉水平仪、水准尺、钢尺或测杆每10~50m一个断面1~2次/天1次/2天1~2次/周1~3次/月4锚杆或锚索内力及抗拔力各种电测锚杆、锚杆测力计及拉拔器每10m一个断面，每个断面至少做三根锚杆5地表下沉水准仪、水准尺每5~50m一个断面，每断面至少7个测点、每隧道至少2个断面。中线每5~20m一个测点。开挖面距量测断面前后＜2B时，1~2次/天；开挖面距量测断面前后＜5B时，1次/2天；开挖面距量测断面前后＞5B时，1次/周6围岩体内位移（洞内设点）洞内钻孔中安设单点、多点杆式或钢丝式位移计每5~100m一个断面，每断面2~11个测点。1~2次/天1次/2天1~2次/周1~3次/月7围岩体内位移（地表设点）地面钻孔中安设各种位移计每代表性地段一个断面，每断面3~5个钻孔，同地表下沉要求同地表下沉要求8围岩压力及两层支护间压力各种类型压力盒每代表性地段一个断面，每断面为15~20个测点。1~2次/天1次/2天1~2次/周1~3次/月9钢支撑内力及外力支柱压力计或其它测力计每10榀钢拱支撑一对测力计1~2次/天1次/2天1~2次/周1~3次/月10每代表性地段一个断面，每断面宜为11个测点1~2次/天1次/2天1~2次/周1~3次/月andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 支护、衬砌内应力、表面应力及裂缝量测各种砼内应变计、应力计、测缝计及表面应力解除法11围岩弹性波测试各种声波仪及配套探头在有代表性地段设置5.1.9结构防排水隧道结构防排水采用以防为主的原则进行设计施工。（1）防水采用的是隧道专用EVA复合防水卷材，将地下水阻于模筑衬砌之外。（2）二次模筑砼衬砌采用25#防水砼。（3）隧道施工缝和两种围岩交接处、明暗交接处的变形缝，采用橡胶止水带防水，止水带上安固定钢筋支架，保证浇筑砼时止水带不移位。（4）防水卷材铺设采用轨行式工作平台车，人工铺设，平台车长6m，在防水板铺设前将锚杆头切除干净，对喷射砼凸凹不平之处进行复喷；固定防水板时不要绷得太紧，以防二衬时固定点拉模。防水板采用无钉铺设，即在喷射砼基面上，抹厚2~3cm防水砂浆找平层，然后将防水卷材纵向、环向接缝，用热合机热压焊接，焊接出口处不能用热合机焊的部分，采用热风机焊接。最后在双焊缝内充气检查焊缝质量，铺设完成后全面检查，破损处须补救，达到工程师满意。（5）隧道内设双侧排水沟，与洞外排水系统联系，将洞内路面积水排出；出口外修建截水沟，将汇积水排入洞外路基边沟，以防隧道内的水流入洞内。（6）洞口边、仰坡上修建截水沟，将地表水汇集排走。隧道防水层施工工艺流程图见后附表5-09。5.1.10二次衬砌模注砼施工先浇注仰拱、仰拱填充层和边墙基础，然后拱墙采用钢模板台车一次浇注成型，钢模台车长9m。砼输送车运送到现场，砼泵泵送入模。衬砌施工作业程序如下：andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 砼搅拌→搅拌输送车运输→砼泵泵送→衬砌钢模台车支模→养护→脱模→下一循环隧道衬砌施工方法及工艺流程见附表5-10。5.1.10.1边墙基础和隧底部分施工在用衬砌模板台车前，应人工立模完成边墙基础和仰拱及仰拱充填砼。仰拱和仰拱充填砼工序紧跟工作面约50～100m，以防运输车压坏地基。边墙基础及隧底施工应较拱墙衬砌超前50m左右，给模板台车衬砌施工提供条件。5.1.10.2墙、拱砼施工墙拱砼施工采用砼泵泵送，灌筑前先在输送主管的端部安装三岔管和控制阀，然后接输送支管，分别插入台车两侧中部起拱线附近的灌筑窗内，由控制阀控制两侧边墙灌筑速度，使两侧砼高差不大于1.0m。砼至灌筑窗时，拆除三岔管，将输送主管固定在拱顶第一灌筑口上，前段拱顶灌完后再移动至第二灌筑口，以保证砼的流动性和砼泵的压力，将拱部灌满。中隔墙砼在中导坑开挖贯通后立即进行施工。砼强度达到2.5MPa时即可拆模。5.1.10.3衬砌质量的保证措施（1）立模正确。立模后检查中线、水平，拆模后检查轮廓线尺寸。（2）保证砼质量①严格按质检中心验证合格的配合比配料施工。②定期抽查水泥、砂、石料的质量。③搅拌后应检查砼的坍落度。④不得使用超过初凝时间的砼，灌筑时不得向砼内加水。⑤立模前应将模板表面的砼清理干净，并涂脱模剂。⑥在灌筑仰拱前应将隧底的浮石、泥浆、杂物和积水清除。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 ⑦冬季施工洞外砂石料及砼拌合温度严格按冬季施工规范进行。5.1.10.4砼衬砌实测项目（表5-7）砼衬砌实测项目一览表表5-7项次项目规定值或允许偏差检查方法和频率1砼或砂浆强度在合格标准内按规定检查2衬砌厚度(mm)不小于设计每40m检查1个断面，用激光断面仪来确定厚度3墙面平整度(mm)20每40m用2m直尺每侧检查3处5.1.11施工通风、排水（1）通风方式（3）施工排水及废水处理措施根据隧道纵坡及开挖面方向等特点，其施工要点为：①顺坡段采用排水沟排水，反坡段为管道式机械排水。②洞内排水的水沟布置于隧道两侧，断面能满足坑道渗漏水和正常施工废水的排出并经常清理。③为防止施工排水携带的泥砂、油物等污染环境，须在洞外设置净化处理设施后再排至沟渠。（4）洞内管线布置洞内管线包括高压风管、高压水管、通风管及电线。其中高压风管与高压水管分别采用无缝钢管；通风管采用拉链式塑料管；照明线和动力线为临时供电线路，采用普通橡胶套电缆。施工中管线布置必须注意以下事项：①高压风、水管应敷设在不防碍运输的一侧。②管路敷设应平顺，接头严密，不漏风，不漏水。③风水管路使用中应有专人负责检查、修补。④andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 照明和动力线路安装在同一侧时必须分层架设，电缆线悬挂高度距人行地面不小于2m。⑤动力干线上的每一分支线必须装设开关及保险，禁止在动力线路上加挂照明设施。同时做到“一机一闸一漏保”。⑥36V低压变压器必须设在安全、干燥处，机壳接地。⑦洞内高压风管、水管及通风管应随着开挖及衬砌的变化，根据需要适时改变位置。隧道管线布置图见图5-2。图5-2隧道管线布置图5.1.12隧道砼路面工程施工（1）施工方法及顺序全隧道的衬砌完成后才开始施工路面。先施工底层的调平层，然后施工路面层。砼仍由搅拌站搅拌，运输车运输至灌筑段入模，人工摊平，平板式振捣器振捣。路面先施工一侧，该侧全部完工后再施工另一侧。工序简要：测量→基床处理→安装模板→铺调平层→路面层施工。（2）基床处理①对侵入调平层的超限点进行处理。②将积水、杂物、浮土、松石清理干净。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 ③基床标高低于设计时不予处理，待施工调平层时用同级砼一同施工。（3）安装模板选用平直且变形小的模板，并用三角形木撑和铁钉固定。安装时模板顶的标高为路面设计标高，下部的空隙应堵死，作到接头平顺，棱角整齐，稳定牢固，安装好的模板在灌筑砼及振捣器振捣时不移位、不变形、不漏浆。（4）浇筑砼①准备工作模板涂脱模剂，并检查模板位置及高度，支撑是否牢固，伸缩嵌缝板、传力杆、钢筋位置是否正确。②根据路面砼数量，采用运输车运输砼，沿途随用随卸，人工用铁耙和刮板摊平。考虑砼振捣时的沉落，摊铺时顶面比设计标高高1～2cm。铺摊有传力杆和钢筋段的砼时，先铺下部，传力杆和钢筋安装就位后再铺上部。③振捣用平板振捣器振捣。砼振捣方式采用横向振捣一遍，然后再纵向振捣一遍，最后再横向振捣一遍；同一位置振捣时间约10秒；行与行之间重叠15～20cm；在靠模板处配合插钎和插入式振捣器振捣。④整平用全幅振捣夯整平板面，在模板顶面走行2～3遍。走行时速度一致，高出设计标高的砼用整平板刮平，低处再用砼补平。⑤抹平抹平一般进行三遍：第一遍随整平板后进行，用长抹子抹压3遍，达到去高填低；紧跟第二遍用短抹子抹压，使表面均匀一致；在第二遍完成2～3小时后（以能排除砼出现的泌水为准）抹第三遍，使板面达到设计要求，最后刷毛、填缝。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 5.1.13隧道装修为扩大隧道内照明效果，作为照明背景的隧道侧墙及拱应进行装修。侧墙采用浅色瓷砖饰面，瓷砖饰面的高度2.50m（检修道平面算起），隧道拱部内壁选用隧道专用防火涂料，要求耐火时间达到2.5小时。隧道装修应做好以下工作：（1）检查衬砌表面渗漏水情况，如果漏水应先做好水的防、排工作。（2）对装饰作业表面进行清洗并做好基层。（3）对所用的装饰材料进行装饰试验，检查装饰敷设和喷涂的质量、颜色及基层的粘结牢固程度。（4）洞口装饰表面应平整、清洁，洞口字样要求美观、醒目。（5）面层贴瓷砖时，应做到横、竖缝通直，面层施作预制砼衬砌块或花岗岩细料石砌块时，应按“一丁一顺”砌筑。（6）采用内墙涂料时，涂料可采用喷涂或手工粉刷，但应做到色调均匀、一致，不得出现色斑和杂色。5.2桥梁工程本本合同段内共有桥梁8座，分别为冷路坑1号桥、冷路坑2号桥、岩坑桥、下金1号桥、下金2号桥、下金3号桥、上麻车桥、青岩傅桥，其中中桥3座、小桥5座。桥梁结构：中桥上部均采用先简支后连续的空心板梁，下部桥台采用U台扩大基础，要求地基承载能力不得低于300KPa，桥墩采用柱式墩，扩大基础，要求地基承载力不小于1000KPa；小桥上部均采用简支空心板梁，下部桥台采用U台扩大基础，要求地基承载能力不得低于300KPa。桥梁施工顺序：测量放线→明挖扩大基础施工→承台灌注→墩台身砼灌注→盖梁施工→台后回填及排水→梁体预制→支座安装→梁体架设→andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 防撞栏杆施工→桥面铺装5.2.1明挖扩大基础施工扩大基础采用机械开挖，若有地下水，坑内设集水坑，用抽水机抽排。基础采用组合钢模板立模，搅拌机拌和、人工灌筑砼，插入式振捣器捣固。明挖扩大基础施工工艺框图见表5-11。施工要点：（1）首先进行定位测量，定出开挖宽度，按放线分块（段）分层开挖。（2）在基坑顶缘四周适当距离设截水沟，防止地表水流入坑内、冲刷坑壁，造成坍方破坏基坑。坑缘边应留有护道，静载距坑缘不少于0.5m，动载距坑缘不少于1.0m。（3）基坑开挖应自上而下水平分层进行，每层0.3m左右，边挖边检查坑底宽度，不够时及时修整，至设计标高后，再统一进行一次修坡清底，检查坑底宽和标高。施工时应注意观察坑缘顶面上有无裂缝，坑壁有无松散坍落现象发生并采取必要的措施，确保安全施工。（4）基坑施工不可延续时间过长，自基坑开挖至基础完成，应连续不断施工。（5）挖至接近坑底时应保留不少于30cm的厚度，在基础浇筑圬工前，再用人工清挖至基底标高。基坑开挖检查项目见表5-8。5.2.2墩台身施工基坑开挖检查项目表表5-8项次检查内容规定值或允许便差检查方法1平面周线位置(mm)+200用经纬仪测量纵、横各2点2基底标高(mm)土质±50用经纬仪测量5~8点andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 石质+50，-2003基坑尺寸(mm)不小于图纸尺寸用尺量所有墩台均采用建筑用脚手架，厂制大块组合钢模板整体立模，整体灌筑砼，运输砼采用砼运输车，灌筑混凝砼采用输送泵。墩台施工工艺见附表5-12。施工顺序：基顶处理→测量放线→搭脚手架→绑扎钢筋→模型安装定位→检查→墩台灌筑→养生施工方法与要求：（1）人工凿除扩大基础上的浮渣，并清理干净。测量放线，搭设脚手架和提升机，人工绑扎钢筋，安装特制钢模板，砼拌合站集中拌合砼，砼搅拌车运输，砼泵送入模，插入式振动器捣固。分层浇筑墩台身砼。模板支立牢固，保证强度、刚度，立模后复测检查。（2）砼和钢筋施工符合技术规范的规定。墩台施工完成后，对砼表面进行修整，并按规范规定进行养生。（3）桥台背后、锥坡背后的填土分层填筑压实，分层检查，每层分铺厚度不超过20cm。用内燃打夯机夯实，压实度达到95%。墩台的安装实测项目要求见表5-9。5.2.3台帽与盖梁施工柱式墩、台身施工完毕后即分别开始台帽与盖梁的施工。台帽与盖梁施工采用特制、定型加工的钢模板，采用满堂红脚手架支撑。盖梁施工工艺流程见表5-13。（1）支架体系支架体系是盖梁施工的重要组成部分，为满足盖梁荷载要求、保证施工质量和安全及提高工效，采用碗扣架搭设。墩台安装实测项目表andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 表5-9项次检查项目规定值或允许偏差检查方法和频率1轴线平面位置(mm)10用经纬仪检查2顶面高程(mm)±10用水准仪检查3倾斜度(mm)0.3%墩、台高，不大于20用垂线检查4相邻墩、台柱间距(mm)±15用尺量或用测距仪检查3处5连接板偏离设计位置小于20mm，表面无灰浆①支架的立杆间距及横杆间距均为60cm，为防止倾向变形，用钢管扣件作为剪力撑，沿盖梁每3m一道。②支架竖杆顶为可调的60cm的顶托，顶托上部沿着梁方向设5×10cm方钢管，横向设10×10cm方木，间距75cm一根。③立杆底托采用KT-40底托，底托下垫5cm厚木板，以使支架基底均匀受力。（2）模板工程采用特制组合钢模板，接缝内夹海绵条，模板外侧每75cm设一方木立带，上口用钢筋对拉。立带外侧上、中、下三条横带，同时每75cm设一道斜撑与一道横撑进行加固。模板使用前均匀涂刷脱模剂。（3）钢筋工程钢筋现场加工，严格按照设计图纸及有关规范进行加工、焊接、绑扎。保护层采用砼垫块控制。（4）砼工程拌和站拌和砼，砼搅拌运输车运输，砼输送泵车泵送入模，分层浇筑，采用插入式振捣器振捣。（5）砼养护在砼初凝后，养护为自然养护，每4～6andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 小时撒水一次。砼表面可用草袋包裹，养护时间不少于14天。施工注意事项：①盖梁底模的拆除必须保证其砼强度达到设计强度的75%后方可进行。②顶帽和盖梁的施工必须精确测量定位，按设计要求预埋各种预埋件和预留孔洞，不能漏埋。在砼浇筑过程中不得有任何碰撞，严防预埋件错位。对支承垫石的顶面高程控制，在抹面时进行观测。5.2.4支座施工（1）认真做好支座的订货和支座的检验工作，试验不合格的支座坚决不用。支座安装时，严格按设计图纸施作。（2）认真检查所有表面，支座垫石的标高，必须控制在设计允许的设计和施工规范允许的误差范围之内。（3）墩、台支座位置处的砼表面，应当平滑、平整和清洁，以保证全部面积上压力均匀。（4）支座的位置应安装正确，梁中心与支座中心水平偏位≤2mm。（5）支座安装时应严格控制安装温度，设计图如无特殊要求，安装时温度应控制在+5℃～+20℃之间。5.2.5台后回填及锥体护坡施工（1）台后填土施工顺序为：桥台防水→放锥体曲线→桥台锥体→台背填土分层夯填→锥体护坡砌筑→桥台锥体附属。（2）砌锥坡、护坡等工程，必须在基面或坡面夯实、整平后，方可开始铺砌，以保证护坡稳定。（3）锥坡填土应与台背填土同时进行填土应按标高或坡度填足。桥的台背、锥坡、护坡等各项填土，宜采用透水性土，不采用含有泥草、腐植物或冻土块的土。填土应在接近最佳含水量的情况下分层填筑和夯实，每层厚度不超过0.30mandmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 ，密实度达到路基规范要求。护坡基础与坡脚的连接面应与护坡坡度垂直，以防坡脚滑走。片石防护的外露面和坡顶、边口，选用较大、较平整并略加修凿的石块。选用较大、较平整并略加修凿的石块。（4）片石护坡背后做碎石反滤层，防止锥体土方被水浸蚀变形。护坡与路肩或地面的连接平顺，以利排水，以避免砌体背后冲刷或渗透坍塌。5.2.6后张预应力空心板预制本合同段后张预应力空心板共有13m、16m、20m三种型号。（1）预制场布置（见表4－施工场地平面布置图）（2）空心板预制方法后张预应力空心板施工艺流程图详见表5-14。施工工序：制台座、模板、钢筋制作→钢筋绑扎→安装波纹管及锚垫板→焊定位框→安装内模→拼装侧模与端模→浇砼→拆内模→砼养生、清理孔道→穿束→张拉→压浆→浇封端砼→出坑。（3）模板制安①采用钢筋砼制梁台座，台座四周包裹4×40mm角钢。②模板加工、装拆：底模台座上铺8mm钢板，侧模由侧板、支承侧板的水平肋、竖向肋、支托竖向肋的直撑、斜撑、振动器、固定架等构件组拼成整体，侧模分二片整体式钢模组成。内模采用拉杆式可伸缩芯模。端模由紧帖梁端锚垫板的端面板及端模骨架组成，安装时连在侧模上。为防止漏浆，模板各拼装块接缝处用玻璃胶胶好再用刀刮平，侧模与底模用穿过台座的拉杆拉紧，脱模剂采用（D－1）大化防锈脱模剂。（4）钢绞线①预应力砼用钢绞线，其技术条件、质量证明书、包装方法及标志应分别符合国家现行标准GB-5223-95、GB5224-95的规定。其力学性能及表面质量的允许偏差参照JTJ041-89的有关规定。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 ②钢绞线采用切割机下料，切割前应先将切口两侧段钢丝捆扎，并将切口端头焊牢。采用电弧切割时，严禁受力部分导电或被电火花灼伤。其下料长度为孔道设计长度加机具工作所需长度。③钢绞线编束时，应每隔1.0～1.5m绑扎一道铅丝，铅丝扣朝里，绑好后要挂牌堆放。④钢绞线张拉前进行预拉，预拉应由应力双向控制，并以应力控制为主。预拉应力按设计要求办理，如设计无规定时，可采用钢绞线抗拉强度的75%，预拉速度不宜过快，拉力达到规定值后持荷5～10min放松。（5）施工要点①依据施组设计作好施工准备，所用模板、钢材、钢绞线束，管道锚具，水泥和砂石料需经监理批准方可使用。②钢筋下料要准确，主梁钢筋主骨架绑扎时应在活动吊架下绑扎，以防倾倒、扭曲，板梁底部钢筋采用通长钢筋，波纹管预埋件位置要准确齐全。③波纹管及锚具要固定牢靠，位置正确，管道上意外的孔，必须用胶带补好，接缝数量尽量少并充分密封接缝。穿钢绞线以前，管道端部密封，防止任何物料进入波纹管内。④预制台座采用砼台座，模板采用工厂生产的特殊钢模板，模板支立后应用测量仪器检查水平度，垂直度。⑤砼生产，由自动计量拌合站(25m3/h)生产。投料顺序：粗骨料→水泥→细骨料→水→粗骨料，搅拌时间不小于3min。⑥砼浇注采用龙门架起吊砼吊筒。插入式和附着式振捣器捣固。捣固时，不允许振捣器触及管道和预埋件。捣固时，分层厚度不大于30cm,andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 灌注速度应保证在下层砼初凝前捣固完上一层。梁端部锚固区，为保证砼密度，使用工程师批准的外部振捣器加强振捣。砼灌注完毕，对梁顶、端横隔板侧面、梁端面严格拉毛，同时严防梁顶滞溜油腻。及时养护，养护时应注意孔道。⑦张拉：由富有经验且胜任的技术人员专职指导预应力操作，所有从事预应力设备操作人员应通过正式训练，技术人员的能力让监理工程师满意。所有设备使用前和使用中，必须按规定频率进行日常和周期校准、维护，符合JTJ041-89第五节规定，达到监理工程师满意。砼达到设计强度的100%后，方可进行张拉。钢束张拉时，必须两端同时进行和顶锚，并采取双向控制，张拉程序应符合规范和设计规定。张拉完毕及时对锚具作临时防护。张拉过程中随时观察梁的上拱度和梁体侧向变形，如有异常及时采取措施。张拉顺序：梁砼强度检查→张拉设备标定→检查清理锚垫板下砼→清孔（钢绞线下料）→穿钢绞线→安装锚具、夹片、千斤顶→初张拉（测量伸长值）→控制吨位张拉（测量伸长量）→超张拉（测量伸长值）→回油、卸载锚具。⑧后张法预应力钢筋张拉按表5-10程序进行。预应力钢筋张拉程序表表5-10项次预应力钢筋种类张拉程序1钢绞线束0→初应力→105%σk→持荷5分钟→σk(锚固)注：a.表中σk为张拉时的控制应力，包括预计的应力损失；b.两端同时张拉时，两端千斤顶升降压、划线、测伸长、插垫等工作应一致。⑨压浆：压浆的准备工作由监理工程师检查，同意后进行压浆。张拉完成后，压力水冲洗孔道，并用高压风吹干后，再压浆，压浆自上而下进行，压浆工作在一次作业中连续进行。孔道压浆应符合JTJ041-89第九节的规定。⑩andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 起吊运输：待压注水泥浆强度达到规定值后，方可起吊移梁，采用龙门吊起梁，运到存梁地点按规定存放。支点要正确，支点基础稳定、平整，基础严禁下沉，并保持梁的横向稳定。梁体编号并做永久标识，标识与记录一致。存梁期不宜太长，并应密切观测累计上拱值。⑾养护期不到时，继续养护。5.2.7梁板铺架架梁工序：测量放样→架桥机拼装就位→龙门吊将梁吊至运梁小车上→运梁小车运梁至架桥机后臂下→现场支座精确放样→梁板起吊就位→浇筑绞缝。安装梁时，梁体运输在已架好的其他梁上经过，安装前首先浇好梁间湿接缝砼，在梁上铺轨道枕木。（1）安装设备：架桥机为左右两组引走系统，前后两个吊梁装置。（2）安装程序：①在桥梁上安装架桥机；②将导梁架移至待架孔；③用运梁小车将梁依次喂入架桥机内，栓好钢丝绳，两端同时起吊；④将梁移至安装跨，临时稳固吊梁装置；⑤将梁在墩顶横移到位；⑥安装支座；⑦落梁至支座上；⑧重复③～⑦步骤，将整孔梁全部架设完毕后，浇筑接缝砼，待砼强度达70%后延长架桥机移动轨道和喂梁轨道，并将架桥机移至下一孔，依次将梁全部架设完毕。⑨拆除架桥机。（3）贯通测量：安装前对全桥进行贯通测量，内容包括：各墩台的跨度及轴线的检核，支承垫石位置及高程检核。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 （4）梁片检核：架梁前对成品梁的几何尺寸及制造技术资料全面检核，质量合格后统一编号待架。（5）梁片安装：①安装前先将墩台支座处和梁底面处清理干净，不平处用环氧树脂砂浆调平；②安放时使梁就位准确且与支座密贴；③支座路线与主路线出现误差时，根据实际情况均分误差。④吊梁就位：起吊时，确认各项设备及梁片无问题时方可安装。起吊时，梁体两端应平衡上升，横移同步。对施工的详细情况，作好全面记录，并用统一的表格将架梁日期、架梁施工情况等认真填写。（6）架梁注意事项：①在架梁过程中，加强对架梁设备的安检，使之始终处于完好状态；②吊梁装置在吊梁纵向移动过程中，要有专人观察轨道平车的运行情况，并严格控制两台牵引卷扬机的运行速度，使吊梁装置的两个平车同步平稳移动，行进速度控制在2～3m/min；③梁板在墩顶横移过程中，两端的移动速度要保持一致；④自行式运梁平车在送梁板过程中要注意运行速度和制动装置的性能。（7）梁、板安装实测项目要满足有关规定要求。5.2.8桥面系施工桥面系及附属工程包括桥面铺装、排水系统、防撞护栏、波形护栏安装、伸缩缝、搭板和枕梁等。施工工序简要：浇筑空心板湿接缝砼→安装泄水管→绑桥面铺装钢筋→水泥砼桥面铺装→护栏安装→设置伸缩缝。（1）桥面铺装施工andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 为使铺装层与梁体结合好，梁顶已在预制时拉毛，浇筑湿接缝砼后将桥面冲洗干净，绑扎钢筋用砼垫块把桥面钢筋垫起，安装泄水管，然后全桥面浇筑砼铺装层。桥面铺装实测项目应符合下表表5-11要求。桥面铺装检查项目表表5-11项次检查项目规定值或允许值检查方法（每幅车道）1强度或压实度在合格标准内JTJ071－98附录B或D检查2厚度（mm）+10，-5对比桥面浇筑前后标高，每100m5处3平整度IRI（m/km）4.2用平整度仪，全桥每车道连续检测，每100m计算IRI或δ。δ（mm）2.5H(mm)53m直尺，每100m3处×3尺4横坡水泥砼±0.15每100m检查3个横断面5抗滑构造深度符合设计规定铺砂法每200m检查3处（2）铰缝施工预应力空心板吊装就位后，经测量准确无误后进行板间的铰缝施工。浇筑铰缝内砼前必须清除结合面上的浮皮，并用水洗净后方可浇筑铰缝内水泥砂浆及砼，砼标号为C40。铰缝内浇筑的水泥砂浆及砼必须振捣密实，为保证铰缝质量。（3）防水砼铺装铰缝施工完成后，清理桥面杂物。为使桥面铺装与空心板顶面紧密结合，预应力空心板必须顶面拉毛，且用水清洗干净即可进行铺装层钢筋网的绑扎。待钢筋网绑扎完后，进行10cm厚的防水砼的灌注。铺装层砼采用现场拌制，采用振捣器由人工振捣。砼面压光，压面至少在三遍以上。压完面以后进行养护，以免产生裂纹。（4）桥面泄水管①桥面泄水管按图纸要求进行加工留设，泄水管为铸铁管，泄水管周围须设置聚水槽来汇集桥面的积水。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 ②在浇筑桥面板时应预留泄水管安装孔，桥面铺装时应避免泄水管预留孔堵塞。③泄水管顶面应略低于桥面铺装底面，下端应伸出结构物底面100～150mm，或按图纸所示将其应入地下排水设施。（5）桥头搭板桥头搭板下基层采用二灰稳定砂砾回填，压实处理，压实度达到95%以上，然后绑扎钢筋，若伸缩缝预埋筋与搭板钢筋发生矛盾时，协调处理后，采用25号砼现场浇筑。（6）伸缩缝安装：伸缩缝材料、安装方法及技术要求严格按设计图及有关规范施工，并注意浇筑铺装层砼时留出伸缩缝安装槽口。（7）桥面铺装施工要求①预制板与桥面铺装砼的砼龄期相差应尽量缩短，以避免两者之间产生过大的收缩差。②为使桥面铺装与下面的砼构件紧密结合，应对桥面铺装下面的砼凿毛，并用高压水冲洗干净。③桥面设置钢筋网时，应采取措施保证其位置正确和保护层厚度，浇筑砼时，施工人员及机具不得踏在钢筋网上。④浇筑桥面砼前，应在桥面范围内布点测量高程，以确定浇筑后的铺装厚度。⑤当进行水泥砼桥面铺装时，应按图纸所示预留好伸缩装置工作槽。⑥桥面铺装宜在全桥宽上同时进行，或按工程师的指示办理。5.3通道及涵洞工程5.3.1工程简述本合同段共设涵洞15道，通道8座。其中钢筋砼圆管涵10andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 道，钢筋砼盖板涵3道，石拱涵2道，钢筋砼盖板通道8座，布置形式为单孔。5.3.2施工准备通道及涵洞开工前，应根据设计资料，结合现场实际地形、地质情况，对其位置、方向、长度、进出口高程以及与排灌系统的连接等进行核对。保证基础、墙体、盖板、进出口锥体等结构安砌或灌注尺寸准确，施工操作应达到设计及规范要求。通道及涵洞施工顺序先于路基一步早施工，并与路基分段作业进度一致，并先于路基一个月完成。隧道洞口的涵洞必须先施工，方可为路基和隧道创造条件，机械通运线上的涵洞宜提前建成。5.3.3基槽及垫层施工（1）基槽开挖①测量放线：确定涵洞的准确位置及施工轴线。②基槽开挖：按设计图纸施工，人工开挖，基槽轴线允许偏差值50mm。达到设计要求后，检查土层，如不符合要求，进行土质处理。（2）垫层①垫层应分层摊铺压实。②碎石或砂砾垫层应做好混料的配合比设计，并按规范施工。③基座砼施工时，沉降缝位置预留应遵循设计要求。④当地基承载能力不满足设计要求时，采取适当方法以提高地基承载能力，减少沉降量。⑤地基承载试验，经监理工程师同意后才可进行下道工序。5.3.4涵洞施工（1）钢筋砼盖板涵施工盖板涵基础及涵身砼采用现场浇筑，盖板预制。板涵施工工艺流程见表5-15。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 ①先进行基础砼施工，随后进行涵身、涵台的浇筑；基础顶面与涵身相接部接成毛面；涵洞内水泥砂浆铺底，涵底水面高程允许误差20mm。②全长范围内按设计设置沉降缝。③当涵身强度达到设计强度的70%以上，再设置盖板支撑。④盖板采用预制，必须在强度达到设计强度的75%以上时方可脱模吊运。堆放和运输时，在端部采用两点搁支并不得使上下倒置，堆放或吊运的支点位置距端头不得超过0.4m。⑤为使预制板与现浇砼紧密结合，施工时拉毛板顶面。⑥预制盖板安装前应检查涵台尺寸，安装完毕后，用30号水泥砂浆填充台背与盖板间的间隙，盖板上相邻板块之间用高等级（1:2）水泥砂浆填塞密实。⑦沉降缝：设置沉降缝的道数、缝宽和位置应按图纸进行施工，并按设计规定填塞嵌缝料。⑧涵背填土必须在盖板安装且砂浆强度达到设计强度的75%以后，方可进行填土，填土应两个涵身同时对称填筑，并按规范进行回填，在涵洞上填土时，第一层的最小摊铺厚度不得小于300mm，并防止剧烈的冲击。（2）钢筋砼圆管涵施工本合同段共有钢筋砼圆管涵10道，采用砼预制管，管径为1.5m。圆管涵施工工艺流程见表5-16。①钢筋砼管管基浇筑管基为砾砂垫层或砂垫层上浇注砼，砼可分两次浇筑，先浇筑底下部分，待安放管节后再浇筑管底侧面和接头部分。②钢筋砼管预制砼管在梁场预制，养护到规定的强度后，运至施工现场。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 ③砼圆管涵成品质量管节端面应平整并与其轴线垂直，斜交管涵进出水口管节的外端面，应按斜交角度进行处理，管壁内外侧表面应平直圆滑，管节砼强度应符合图纸要求，砼配合比、拌和均匀符合规范要求。管节各部尺寸误差必须符合设计要求。管节安装从下游开始，使接头面向上游，每节涵管应紧贴于垫层或基座上，使涵管受力均匀，所有管节应按正确的轴线和坡度敷设，在敷设过程中，应保持管内清洁无赃物，无多余的砂浆及其杂物。④砼管吊装a.砼管采用汽车吊吊装。b.自下游向上游安装，涵管紧贴垫层或基座上，按正确的轴线及坡度敷设，使内壁齐平。c.涵洞全长范围内设沉降缝3～4道，其位置以设在路基中部和行车道外侧为宜。⑤接缝a.涵管采用套环接缝，接缝宽度不大于10mm，沥青麻絮填缝，管内外各填一半，外部用两层浸透沥青的油毛毡包缠并用铅丝绑扎接缝部。b.管节两端最后一圈钢筋成圆形后，其末端搭接15cm，并以铁丝绑扎或焊牢。⑥进出水口进出水口应按图纸采用砼或圬工结构修筑。进出水口的沟床应整理顺直，使上下游流水稳定畅通。⑦回填a.andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 经检验证实圆管涵安装及接缝符合要求，并且砌体砂浆或砼强度达到设计强度的75%以上再进行回填作业。b.涵洞处路堤缺口填土应从涵洞洞身两侧不小于两倍孔径范围内属于特殊夯实区，施工时同时按水平分层、对称地按图纸要求的压实度填筑、夯（压）实。5.3.5通道施工本合同段共设有通道8座，结构型式：上部结构为钢筋砼空心板或预应力砼空心板，下部结构为U型桥台、扩大基础。施工方法可参照桥梁工程。5.4路基工程5.4.1工程简述本标段地处低山丘岭区，地形起伏比较大，路基最大开挖高度为19m、最大回填高度为13m，地层结构复杂，岩性复杂多样，不良地质发育，不良地质有：鱼塘、池塘等。本合同段路基挖方304317m3、填方661594m3，同时考虑到地表土、垃圾、淤泥、杂质土等不良土体不能作为回填土使用等因素，故计划利用隧洞开挖出的土方。根据工程特点和施工难度及本单位曾参与多项大型工程施工积累的此类工程经验，本着确保工期和工程质量的原则，充分发挥机械设备效益，本着统筹安排移挖作填，就近填筑的原则，制定出合理的土石方调配方案，不能满足路基填筑的土石方将作为弃方外运到指定的弃土场。本标段主线路基有分离式和整体式路基两种类型，分离式路基宽13m，整体式路基宽度为26m。5.4.2路基施工5.4.2.1路堑挖方andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 1、施工顺序工序简要：测量→清除植被及表层土→施作截水沟及临时排水设施→挖土石方→选择符合要求的填筑材料→装载机或挖掘机装料→运至填方路段→推土机推平→测量路基标高→人工整修→检查摊铺厚度并调整→振动压路机碾压→修整边坡→防护工程施工→侧沟施作→检查路基标高→基面修整。路基挖方施工方法及施工工艺流程见表5-17。2、施工准备（1）开工前要对整段线路进行导线测量、放样，确定曲线五大桩点，放好护桩，测量横断面，放出边桩，作挖方及填方段线路纵横断面图，横断面图视地形情况每10m作一个，地形变化点加测断面，精确算出土石方量，编制阶段性作业指导书，依据设计及断面测量制定土石方调配计划。（2）根据边桩及用地范围，测定开挖边坡顶线。施作截水沟和排水沟，形成排水系统。（3）清除地表植被和杂土，陡坡地段作好地表台阶处理，坡脚做好排水沟，根据具体情况用打夯机或小型压路机将底基压实。3、开挖方法（1）土方开挖土方开挖按设计图纸尺寸自上而下分层开挖，禁止使用爆破法，分层高度2～3m。开挖过程中多次进行中桩恢复工作，控制挖方断面，不超挖乱挖；开挖采用推土机推土，挖掘机配合汽车装运，边坡预留20cm采用人工进行修整，确保安全及不超挖。（2）浅路堑石方开挖①能用挖掘机开挖的软石和强风化岩石，直接由挖掘机配合自卸汽车挖装运。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 ②不能用机械直接开挖的石方，采用移动式空压机供风，风钻钻孔，非电毫秒雷管起爆。爆破后，采用挖掘机装碴，自卸汽车运至填方地段。根据实际情况，爆破时制定一套完整有效的施工方案，从测量放样、钻眼、爆破至安全警戒层层把关，做好安全防范措施。③接近边坡面的开挖，采用预裂爆破或光面爆破，减少对边坡的扰动；临近建筑物附近的爆破应采用控制爆破法，以控制飞石、地震波对建筑物的影响。④风化严重、节理发育或岩层产状不利于边坡稳定的石方爆破，采用小型排炮微差爆破。其它同土方开挖。（3）深路堑石方开挖①施工机械采用移动式电动空压机和移动式内燃空压机供风，风钻或履带式潜孔钻机钻孔，非电毫秒雷管起爆。装碴采用装载机配合反铲挖掘机装碴，自卸汽车运至填方路堤。②施工方法a.采用分段分层深孔爆破开挖，分段视地形情况以一个山头或两桥之间为一段，分层厚度6～8m。先开挖中间，两边预留光爆层，以减少对边坡的扰动，保持边坡良好的成型。在临近建筑物地段采用松动爆破。具体开挖顺序见图5-3。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 图5-3开挖顺序图b.对于开挖断面较小、边坡高度较低及半填半挖地段，采用风钻钻孔，对于开挖断面大、边坡高度大于8m的地段，岩石较硬、整体性好的采用纵向掘进的方法施工，保证边坡平整。其炮孔位置、方向、间距见图5-4。图5-4炮孔布置示意图（4）爆破方法开挖石方程序爆破区环境调查→爆破设计、设计审批→配备专业人员→用机械或人工清除施爆区覆盖层和强风化岩石→钻孔→爆破器材检查→检查炮孔→装药→布置安全岗和施爆区安全防护员→堵炮孔→疏散危险区域的人、畜、车辆和设备→防护附近建筑物→暂时中断交通→爆破→检查→处理→解除警戒→爆破效果评定。（5）石方开挖要求①由技术人员作出爆破设计。②钻孔时应严格按爆破设计布置眼位钻眼，钻杆轴向与路线中心线基本一致，避免爆破时飞石危及附近民房及居民的人身安全。③andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 爆破后及时清渣出渣，清除表面浮石、悬石和危石，修整边坡至符合设计要求。④在开山爆破过程中，明显标出危险区域，设置警戒线，鸣笛示意，并由专职安全员负责维持现场秩序，如在爆破中发现瞎炮，立即派专业人员以安全、可靠、快速的方法进行引爆。（6）路堑边坡高度超过8m时，按每8m设边坡平台，平台宽2.0m，并开挖平台沟。（7）半填半挖路基在挖方一侧宽度不足一幅行车道时，应将路床深度内的原有土质全部挖除换填，以保证行车道内土基的均匀性。（8）土石方运输中符合填料要求的材料直接运至填筑工作面；粒径偏大、强度符合砌筑要求的石料经初步加工后，可应用于砌筑工程，否则应经破碎，尺寸符合要求后方可作为填料或直接运至指定弃碴场。（9）挖石方路基顶面必须修整，以适应路面施工的要求。（10）局部路堑较高地段，应严格按设计边坡坡率要求开挖边坡，按设计做好边坡防护工程，不应松动坡顶土层和破坏自然植被，保证边坡顶部稳定。开挖期间，对坡顶外50cm范围及坡面进行观测，确保边坡安全。（11）爆破人员经地方政府部门对其资格认可后，方能进行爆破操作。5.4.2.2路基填方（1）施工顺序工序简要：测量放线→地表处理→临时排水设施→分层填筑→分层压实→分层检查→防护工程→路基整修→排水设施施工。路基填方施工方法及施工工艺流程见表5-18。（2）施工准备①填筑前先测量，放出坡脚桩。②andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 进行地表处理：清除地表植被、垃圾、表土、杂质土，运到指定地点；排除积水，挖除淤泥，如有出水点先进行处理；按要求将陡坡地段表面挖成台阶，宽度满足摊铺和压实机械的操作需要；路堤基底达不到压实度要求时，应进行翻挖、回填、分层夯实，使压实度不小于规定要求；路堤基底原状土的最小强度达不到要求时，应进行掺灰处理。在填土前请监理工程师检查批准。③路基试验段：正式填方施工前，在经过整修的路段上选一段长度不小于100m，地质、地形均具代表性的路基进行填筑试验，以确定不同填料在不同的碾压方式下达到规定压实度的最佳铺筑厚度及不同吨位压路机的最佳压实遍数、碾压速度，确定最佳机械、最佳含水量、人力组合方式及相关施工工序控制。该项试验工作在全线路基开工前28天予以完成，并将试验结果报监理工程师批准，作为路基填筑施工的依据。（3）施工机械路基填方段采用自卸汽车进行填料运输，推土机、平地机摊铺，采用振动压路机、光轮压路机碾压。（4）路基填筑施工总体要求①先期填筑地段的涵洞首先施作。②路基填筑方法路基填筑采用水平分层、纵向分段、机械为主、人工为辅的作业方法进行施工。纵向分段长度平均为200m左右。上土、摊铺和碾压在分段内进行流水作业。③路基填筑一般要求a.所有用料均需试验，符合规范规定。b.最大松铺厚度：土方30cm、石方50cm、土石混填40cm。实施时分层填筑厚度同时符合试验段数据要求。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 c.每层路基的摊铺宽度两侧大于设计宽度各30cm，以保证边坡整修的宽度及压实度。④碾压a.填料在摊铺时先整平并作2%的横坡，然后进行碾压，碾压遵循先低后高、先弱后强的原则，采用重型压路机进行碾压。b.直线段由路基两侧向中心碾压，曲线段由内侧向外侧碾压。c.碾压时前后两次轮迹重叠30cm，并达到规定压实度。d.为了保证填方路段的压实度，路基碾压时以超压方式进行，超压宽度0.5～1.0m。e.构造物的边角、台背、通道等部位填筑材料，其规格按规范规定或监理工程师的批示处理。大型压路机碾压困难时，采用手扶式振动压路机碾压。⑤坡地路基填筑施工在路基清表完成后，对于线路内的纵向或横向存在的坡地，坡度陡于1:5时，先将坡地挖成宽度不小于1m，高度以该段路基分层摊铺厚度为准，表面向山坡内侧倾斜2%～4%的台阶，在填料与此台阶填平后，统一碾压，以保证路基填筑的统一性及整体性；当地面横坡陡于1:2.5时，需对路堤作整体性滑动的稳定性验算，一般由设计单位提出设计进行处理。⑥填料质量及控制措施本合同段路基填料是碎石亚粘土、碎石土及挖方弃渣。为保障路基填料质量，根据设计及规范要求，符合填筑要求的填料，装载机或挖掘机配合自卸汽车直接装运至填筑路段进行施工；含水量无论高于或低于最佳含水量4%，必须在借土场或填方路段的路边进行晾晒或洒水处理，至填料含水量比较最佳含水量不超过2%时，才能进行铺设碾压。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 ⑦压实度及填料符合表5-12规定。填料标准及压实度标准表表5-12分类路槽底面以下深度（cm）材料压实度填料最大粒径（cm）填料最小强度（CBR）（%）重型压实度（%）固体体积率（%）填方路基上路床0～30108≥95≥83下路床30～80105≥95≥83上路堤80～150154≥93≥80下路堤150以下153≥90≥78零填及路堑路床0～30108≥95≥83⑧路基填筑的质量控制按表5-13规定执行。路基填筑质量控制表项次检查项目规定值或允许偏差检查方法和频率土方石方1压实度(%)按规定按规定土按JTJ071-98检查。石方按规定检查2弯沉(0.01mm)不大于设计计算值按JTJ071-98检查3纵断高程(mm)+10，-15水准仪每200m测4断面4中线偏差(mm)≤50经纬仪：每200m测4断面5宽度(mm)不小于设计值米尺：每200m测4处6平整度(mm)≤15、≤203m直尺：每200m测4处×3尺7横坡(%)±0.5水准仪：每200m测4个断面8边坡不低于设计值抽查每200m测4处表5-13（5）填石路基①其填料应符合规范要求，分层摊铺，重型振动压路机碾压。②石料最大粒径控制在层厚度的2/3以内，并用人工摊平石块，以小石块填空隙，碾压密实。③andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 在正式施工前，通过试验路段的压实试验数据来确定碾压遍数和压实度的检验方法，并经监理工程师批准。④用重型压路机进行碾压时，当层面顶稳定、不再下沉(无轨迹)时，一般判为密实状态。⑤路床顶面下30cm用符合要求的填料填筑，分层压实。⑥填石路堤边坡用粒径大于30cm的大块石料码砌。（6）填土路堤①不同土质的填料要分层填筑，不得混填。②路床顶面最后一层的最小压实厚度不小于10cm。③用透水性不良及不透水的土填筑时，每层顶部应做成路拱，压实时的含水量，应控制在最佳含水量范围内。④填土路堤用重型压路机碾压密实。⑤填料经过试验，并经监理工程师批准后进行填筑，且最大松铺厚度不超过30cm，用几种不同性质的土填筑路堤时严格按设计图纸要求或监理工程师指示将不同填料分层填筑。⑥同种材料填筑层总厚度不小于50cm，每层顶面整平并作2%横坡。（7）土石路堤①土石混合料中石料粒径不超过分层厚度的2/3；当石料含量超过70%，应先石料且大面向下，放置稳妥，再填小石料和石渣；当石料含量小于70%，可混铺，但应避免石块集中。②采用重型振动压路机碾压，第一遍静压，然后先慢后快，由弱振到强振，达到压实度要求。③在土石混填路基填筑过程中，分层松铺厚度不应大于40cm，路床顶面以下50cm应用符合路床要求的土填筑并分层压实，填料粒径不大于10cm。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 （8）结构物台背回填结构物台背回填在砼强度达到70%以上方可进行。回填材料粒径为不大于5cm碎石。在回填前，先将两侧台阶成型，具体结构尺寸以设计规范为准。回填时，两侧对称填筑，其填筑尺寸按设计图纸及规范要求进行施作。松铺厚度不大于15cm，用振动压路机碾压，对于压路机无法碾压的地方，采用蛙式打夯机压实，确保压实度为95%或以上。5.4.2.3特殊路基施工本合同段共有以下几种特殊路基：深挖高填路基、高边坡和易碎落边坡路基、软土及淤泥段路基和加宽段路基。针对几种特殊路基，特制定以下施工方案。（1）深挖路基施工工艺及施工方法同路基挖方，但应注意一般情况挖深大于8m处设置2m宽平台，并开挖平台沟，挖深每超过8m设一级平台，平台沟较长时设置急流槽将平台沟的水引入边沟。对于挖深超过20m路堑边坡每6m高设置一级平台并尽避免在雨季施工。对坡面坡顶的稳定性要进行及时观测，判定边坡稳定后，方可施作防护工程。（2）高边坡和易碎落边坡路基由于本合同段地质情况复杂，加上地形起伏较大，挖方多形成较高的山坡。为防止开挖后在自然条件下的风化和冲刷破坏，在对高边坡和易碎落边坡路施工时要尽量避开雨季，施工根据土质情况的不同除按上述土石方开挖方法开挖外应及时施做平台和排水设施并及时做好防护。（3）淤泥段路基本合同段路基穿越多处池塘，塘底堆积淤泥质土，厚度在0.5m~1.0m之间，水深约1mandmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 。具体施工技术措施如下：清除表面障碍后采用抛石挤淤或翻晒回填碎石土至原地面，然后在迎水面设置1:1.75浆砌片石挡墙。5.4.2.4路基压实的检测方法路基压实度检测采用灌砂法试验进行。5.4.3路基防护与排水5.4.3.1防护工程施工本合同段防护工程量大，防护型式复杂多样且多为组合式。主要防护型式有喷播草籽，浆砌片石骨架、护面墙、挡土墙，锚索加实体护面墙。（1）边坡加固原则①边坡施工边挖边加固，严格按设计要求进行。②路堑边坡加固工程遵循“一次根治、不留后患”的原则，以稳定为本，加固为主，排水、防护并重，并尽量考虑绿化环保、恢复自然景观等多种因素综合处理。③边坡处理方案遵循“先表后内、先简后繁”的原则，采用放缓坡率，按设计设置挡土墙等方案综合处理。④在弃土时为防止加重边坡，并考虑全线工程的景观一致，边坡采用台阶式，按设计要求绿化，加固、稳定边坡。⑤加强观测，对存在可疑的边坡或已经处理的边坡布设观测点。（2）防护工程施作①按设计护面墙采用浆砌片石。土质挖方段每8m高设一平台，石质挖方段每10m高设一平台，平台宽2m，其上做平台沟。墙高时中部设耳墙，耳墙宽1.0m。墙纵向每10～15m设一伸缩缝，伸缩缝用沥青麻絮填塞，每隔2～3m上下交错设置泄水孔，孔径为φ10cm。②路基填土高度小于4m的路段采用喷播草籽防护；填土路基高度大于4m的路段采用人字形骨架护坡，骨架内喷播草籽或捶面。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 ③人字型骨架采用7.5号浆砌片石浆砌、7.5号浆砌片镶边。植土。每10～20m设一道沉降缝，缝内用沥青麻絮填塞，其深度不小于10cm。④浆砌片石用人工挤浆法进行砌筑。砌筑用的砂浆，用拌合机拌合，并随拌随用。保证浆砌采用的片石、砂的强度符合规范的要求，砌体砂浆咬扣紧密、错缝。严禁通缝、叠砌、贴砌和浮塞现象出现。做到砌体勾缝牢固、美观。面板的锚钉与坡面成90度垂直，锚钉与钢板作防绣处理。⑤做到坡面平整、密实、线形顺直，局部有凹陷处，挖成台阶后用与墙相同的圬工找平。确保墙面及两端面砌筑平顺，墙面与坡面密贴，墙顶与边坡间缝隙严密。⑥按规定做好伸缩缝和泄水孔，泄水孔用碎石和砂作好反滤层。在砌体完成后及时养生。（3）挡土墙本合同标段挡土墙，面坡1:0.25，墙身采用7.5#浆砌片石砌筑，墙面用10#砂浆勾缝抹面。挡土墙每隔10～12m设一道2cm宽沉降伸缩缝，用沥青麻筋填筑。①施工顺序工序简要：测量放线→基础开挖→基础承载力判定→基础处理→片石浆砌→泄水孔及伸缩缝处理②挡土墙基础a.开挖采用人工开挖,开挖时应按设计宽度和厚度开挖，严禁超欠挖。b.基础开挖完毕后应进行基础承载力判定，对于高度大于12m的挡土墙应测定其承载力，承载力要求大于250kPa。当承载力不满足要求或与设计不符时，在取得监理工程师同意后，对原基础进行加深或加固处理。candmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 .基础直接置于天然地基上时，经监理工程师检验同意后，方可开始砌筑。有渗透水时，及时排除，以免基础在砂浆初凝前遭水浸害。d.墙基础为软弱土层，不能保证图纸要求强度时，经监理工程师批准后，采用加宽基础或其他措施。e.基础设置在岩石的横坡上时，应清除表面风化层，并做成台阶形，台阶高宽比不大于2:1，台阶宽不小于0.5m。③挡土墙墙身砌筑a.挡土墙墙身砌筑前必须经工程师检查同意后，方能进行砌筑.b.砌筑墙身用的片石、块石的抗压强度不小于50MPa，最小边长不小于20cm，且表面应干净。c.砌筑时两面立坡度架挂线，外面线顺直整齐，逐层收坡，内面线大致适顺。在砌筑过程中经常校正坡架线杆，以保证砌体各部尺寸符合设计要求。d.浆砌挡墙采用分层挤浆进行砌筑，砌筑上层时，不振动下层，不在已砌好的砌体上抛掷、滚动、翻转和敲击石块。砌筑用的砂浆，用拌合机拌合，并做到随拌随用。e.砌筑工作因故中断后再进行砌筑时，先将砌层表面加以清扫和湿润。f.砌体砌筑完成后，进行勾缝，砌体勾缝应牢固、平顺，无脱落现象。g.设计沉降缝处，沿墙的内、外、顶三侧均填塞沥青麻絮，填塞深度不小于15cm。沉降缝整齐垂直，上下贯通。路基挡墙防护工程施工工艺流程见表5-19。5.4.3.2排水工程施工本合同段主要有边沟、排水沟、截水沟、急流槽、平台沟等。排水工程施作遵照以下要求：andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 （1）路基施工中，必须先做好排水工程及临时排水设施，然后再作主体工程，路基施工期内，不得破坏地表植被或填塞水系，确保水流畅通，临时排水设施尽量与永久性排水设施结合。（2）截水沟应离开挖方边坡顶一定的距离，以不影响边坡稳定，截水沟挖出的土放在沟与路堑间修成土台并夯实，台顶有向截水沟的横坡。为防止水流下渗和冲刷，截水沟应进行严密的防渗和加固，尤其是地质不良地段、土质松软、渗透性较大或裂隙较多的岩石地段。（3）急流槽很长时，应分段砌筑，每段不宜超过10m，接头用防水材料堵塞，密实无孔隙。路堤边坡急流槽的修筑，应使流水通畅。5.5砼工程5.5.1工程简述本合同段砼浇注工作量大，且规格等级繁多、部位地点分散。5.5.2拌和站设置充分考虑沿线附近施工能力和合理调配，拟在三个工区各设1个固定搅拌站，并为桥梁预制场增设一台25m3/h移动拌和站作为固定拌和站的调节，并配备砼输送车，就近负责预制梁场、桥梁及隧道砼的调用和输送。5.5.3砼的供应和捣固（1）材料准备①水泥a.本工程将按设计要求选用标号不小于32.5MPa的微膨胀水泥，或普通硅酸盐水泥b.物资部门采购水泥前对不同厂家标号的水泥进行比选。c.用于本工程的水泥需具有泌水性少，水化热低，保水性能好的特点。并具有一定抗侵蚀性。d.选择生产质量比较稳定的转窑水泥andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 ②粗、细骨料a.细骨料采用中砂，粒径宜为0.16～5.0mm。要求级配合格、质地坚硬、颗粒洁净。含泥量不大于3%，泥块含量不大于0.5%。b.粗骨料采用连续粒级，最大粒径不大于40mm的卵碎石，含泥量不大于1%，泥块含量不大于0.25%。c.采用天然砂和卵碎石，不宜使用砂岩骨料。③外加剂：采用低碱、无碱外加剂。④水：砼拌制采用生活水。（2）配合比按现行行业标准《普通砼配合比设计技术规程》（JGJ55）设计砼配合比，并通过试配确定。①砼的施工配制强度可按下式确定：fcu，o≥fcu，k+1.645δ式中：fcu，o—砼的施工配制强度（MPa）；fcu，k—砼抗压强度标准值（MPa）；δ—施工单位的砼强度标准差（MPa）。②砼强度标准差采用无偏差估计值，确定该值的强度试件组数不小于30组，当强度等级等于或大于C30时，其强度标准差计算值低于3.0MPa时，计算配制强度的标准差应取用3.0MPa。（3）拌合采用固定搅拌站和移动式搅拌机两种方式进行砼拌合。在砼用量大且集中的地方设搅拌站；在砼用量小相对分散的地方用移动式搅拌机现场拌合。（4）运输本合同段采用的砼运输方法有：andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 ①人工手推车：主要用于砼现场搅拌且距离较近时基础、墩台砼的运输。②机动翻斗车：主要用于砼现场搅拌且距离较远时基础、墩台砼的运输。③砼搅拌运输车：主要用于固定搅拌站砼的运输，砼主要用于梁板预制、隧道二衬、连续梁现浇、桥台等大体积砼的浇注运输。（5）入模方法①基础：砼现场搅拌，泵送砼或手推车运砼入模②墩、台、盖梁：入模方法采用泵送砼或者建筑卷扬机提升装砼的小斗车入模，浇筑时将导管伸入模板内。③预制梁：砼浇注采用汽车吊车和龙门吊起吊料斗入模。④现浇连续梁：采用砼输送泵车泵送入模。⑤隧道二衬：采用砼运输车运输，砼输送泵泵送入模。（6）捣固①基础、墩柱、盖梁：浇筑过程中砼必须分层对称浇筑，使模板均匀受力。分层厚度不超过30cm。使用捣固棒振捣，振捣每一层砼时捣固棒插入下层砼5～10cm，以利于层间结合。②预制梁：砼振捣使用附着式高频振动器、平板式振动器与插入式振捣器相结合。附着式振动器安装在侧模两侧，其相对位置互相错开。底板顶面和腹板上部砼可用插入式振捣器振捣密实，再用平板式振动器及时整平、收浆，终凝前梁顶面拉毛，以利梁顶面与桥面铺装层连接成整体。③隧道二衬：浇筑过程中砼必须分层对称浇筑，分层厚度不超过50cm。使用捣固棒通过台车捣固孔振捣，振捣每一层砼时捣固棒插入下层砼5～10cm，以利于层间结合。（7）养护①基础、盖梁：在砼初凝后，养护为自然养护，每4～6andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 h撒水一次。砼表面可用草袋包裹，养护时间不少于7d。②墩柱：当砼终凝后开始洒水养护，并且当砼达到设计强度时，开始松开模板横竖向紧固螺栓，利用25T汽吊吊开模板。模板拆除后及时洒水并用塑料薄膜将墩柱包裹住进行养护，养护时间不少于14d。冬季施工严格按照冬季施工措施进行养护，详见“7.1”。③预制梁：梁体砼采用自然养护的方法在砼浇筑完毕后，静置1～2h，先用麻袋草帘等物覆盖砼顶面，然后洒水养护，养护期内保持砼充分湿润。砼终凝（12h）后，开始覆盖麻片洒水养护，专人专管，洒水的频率必须保证砼表面湿润。如气温较高，在砼表面用塑料薄膜覆盖，防止水分蒸发过快。6、确保工程质量和工期的措施6.1工程质量保证措施6.1.1质量目标和质量承诺我单位的质量方针是实行科学管理，满足合同要求，赢得顾客信任，同时提供优质服务，做到至精、至诚、更优、更新。为了交给业主一个放心、满意的优质工程，我单位对拟建的浙江省甬金高速公路第六合同段工程质量做出如下承诺：质量目标：保省优，并配合甲方全线创优规划，各项工程质量验收合格率达到100％、优良率达到90％以上。6.1.2质量保证措施针对各项工程实际情况采取积极有效措施，使施工的全过程均处于受控状态。6.1.2.1组织保证措施andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 成立以项目经理、总工为首的、并由施工工程师、质检工程师、试验工程师参加的质量领导小组，进行日常只俩感管理，负责提出质量要求，落实质量岗位责任制，并组织、督促、检查各部门工作质量和工程质量，并及时进行反馈和采取措施。6.1.2.2制度保证措施为保证工程质量拟采取以下主要措施：（1）全面执行我公司的《质量手册》及质量控制文件。（2）在下达施工计划和技术交底时必须有质量保证计划和措施。（3）加强教育，建立健全规章制度。（4）强化质量意识教育，组织施工人员学习施工设计图纸、质量标准及施工验收规范。（5）执行测量三级复核制。（6）制定并严格执行岗位责任制。（7）严格执行原材料检验制。（8）制定并严格执行隐蔽工程检查办法。（9）开展QC小组活动。（10）定期进行质量检查评定，严格奖惩制度。（11）坚持岗前培训及持证上岗制度，坚持“三检、四按、五不准、六做到”，即三检：“自检、互检、交接检”；四按：“按图纸、按规范、按工艺、按标准”；五不准：“资料不全不准开工、材料不合格不准进场、测量不合格不准使用、上道工序不合格不准进行下道工序、达不到质量标准不准交工验收”；andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 六做到：“方案做到合理、技术资料做到齐全、质量检验做到可靠、施工试验做到真实、测量数据做到准确、施工方法做到正确”。6.1.2.3质量保证技术措施6.1.2.3.1路基工程①严格控制填料松铺厚度，确保碾压密实与均匀。②路基填土采用振动压路机，同时必须保证碾压设备的性能满足路基施工质量求。③严格按设计要求控制填料的粒径和含水量，过湿或过干时，采取翻晒或洒水措施。④严格控制桥台四周填料松铺厚度，加长台背回填长度，便于重型振动压路机碾压，对于边角等压路机碾压不到的地方，使用蛙式夯机进行夯实处理。6.1.2.3.2隧道工程隧道施工须视地质状况确定施工方案和支护手段，开挖过程中做好地质描述工作，加强收集隧道收敛变形等各项量测信息，反馈指导施工，及时调整施工方法和支护方案，确保安全施工。（1）开挖与初期支护施工①隧道施工须视岩层地质状况确定施工方案和支护手段，掘进中认真进行地质描述和观察，加强隧道量测、收集信息，据以反馈指导施工。②隧道开挖采用光面爆破，根据围岩情况优选最佳循环进尺长度，最佳眼孔布置和用药参数，提高光爆质量，保证断面成型，控制超欠挖在允许范围之内。③喷砼：喷料随拌随用，时间不超过规定；施工前清理岩面；厚度较大时分层施工。砼喷射厚度符合设计、表面平顺；回弹物及时清理。④andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 锚杆的间距和深度符合设计，采用灌浆施工时作到充填饱满；采用药卷砂浆锚杆时，锚杆头经过特殊加工，安装时首先药卷浸透水，用带旋转的锚杆安装设备插入锚杆并将药卷进行搅拌和捣碎，使砂浆真正作到和岩壁直接接触。（2）衬砌①在浇筑边墙基础和仰拱前，将隧底的浮石、杂物、泥浆和积水清理干净。②用模板台车灌筑墙拱砼作到：台车就位保证和已灌砼的接缝平整；开灌第一车砼要调整配合比，用减少砂石比例的办法提高砼的塌落度；连续灌筑，在前一层砼初凝前灌筑第二层砼，如间隔灌筑时间超过规定，待底层砼达到规定强度后再灌筑砼，并在砼表层先铺一层同标号砂浆；采用我单位的封拱顶工艺进行施工，确保气体排除，防止形成拱顶空洞。③隧道防排水严格把关，防水板、止水带、排水管、防水砼的施工严格设计、规范及相应的工艺要求进行。防水板质量的重点是作到破损及时修补，搭接缝的充气检查；止水带质量的重点是作到安装位置正确，在浇筑砼不变形；排水管质量的重点是作到安装牢固，接头可靠。6.1.2.3.3桥涵工程（1）扩大基础施工挖到距离设计位置20~30cm时停止，等到绑扎钢筋等工作准备齐备后再集中进行开挖，确保基底的强度。（2）墩柱模板施工，预先在地面拼装，检查接缝与接茬错台情况，提前进行修整；所有模板接缝均使用单面胶海绵条堵塞，防止漏浆。（3）盖梁底模进行预压，以减少沉降；盖梁与圆形墩柱节点处使用特制柱模，即下部为30cm圆形柱模，上部为与梁底模板同宽的钢模，施工时，在柱上打出梁底标高，然后将特制柱模顶部与梁底齐平安装，柱模与柱子接触面垫上柔性胶带，防止漏浆。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 （4）本标段桥涵的预制件成品或半成品数量较多，所以预制件的施工和质量检查必须按照设计要求和有关的验收规范进行。6.1.2.3.4砼工程（1）严格按照施工设计图纸和施工规范要求制安钢筋。绑扎钢筋时必须保证保护层厚度，确保不露筋，以提高砼的抗裂性。（2）精选砼施工配合比。选用低水化热的水泥和符合要求的粗细骨料，同时严格控制砼的水灰比和水泥用量，防止砼水化热过高和收缩量过大。（3）认真组织砼生产及泵送工作，防止因施工组织不当面出现砼灌筑间歇，影响砼质量。施工时，应严格按照技术交底和施工规范施工，拌制砼必须严格按照施工设计配合比计量原材料，不得随意更改。（4）选择合理的拆模时间，避免因过早拆模，造成砼结构裂缝。拆模后即时对砼表面缺陷进行修补。6.1.2.3.5预埋件、预留孔洞质量保证措施（1）各工区成立专门的预埋、预留作业小组。（2）施作前由作业小组依据施工设计图编制预埋、预留图，并由经理部质量管理小组核对、总工程师审核。（3）作业小组严格依照预埋、预留图进行施作，确保不错埋、漏埋、错留、漏留，并加强自检工作。（4）作业小组施作完成、自检合格后，由项目部质量管理小组进行检查，检查合格后，由质检工程师会同监理进行检查，检查合格并由监理签认后方可进行下一道工序的施作。（5）预埋件加工尺寸应准确，材质满足设计要求。（6）螺栓预埋时用角钢制作模具，以确保螺栓之间间距。（7）螺栓与墙面必须垂直，同时与台架固定在一起。施工时用专用角尺测试，发现偏差及时纠正。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 （8）二次衬砌砼完成后，对预埋件作一次全面检查测试，不合格者予以纠正，以确保位置准确，埋设坚固。（9）对已埋设好的预埋件采取保护措施，发现损坏及时补救，对责任者给予罚款处理。6.1.2.3.6隐蔽工程（1）隐蔽工程质量保证措施实施流程见图6-1。（2）各项隐蔽工程需经经理部质检工程师自检合格后再经监理工程师检查，合格后方可施工。（3）制定质量计划和施工作业指导书，严格按质量计划和作业指导书施工。（4）当监理工程师发出对某一部位有疑意或特殊指示时，项目部相关人员立即组织人员配合，根据监理工程师指定措施进行检查，并在监理工程师检查合格后按要求恢复。（5）预埋件加工尺寸做到准确无误，其材质必须满足设计要求。预埋件埋设时必须做到牢固可靠、定位准确、间距无误。工班施作作业工区自检质检工程师检查监理工程师检查施作下一道工序返工或返修不合格不合格不合格合格合格合格andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 图6-1隐蔽工程质量保证措施流程（6）砼浇灌完成后，必须全面检查测试一次预埋件，对不合格的予以纠正，确保位置准确，埋设牢固。6.1.2.3.7检测、试验措施（1）本工程所有材料试验与检验必须按国家和交通部颁发的有关工程试验规范和规定实施，遵守招标文件中有关条款和有关施工规范的要求，做好本工程的材料试验与检验。（2）工程材料试验与检验必须按浙江省和地区建设主管部门有关文件规定委托有试验资质的单位进行。（3）必须按招标文件的有关规定对整个工程中所采用的全部建筑材料，如：粗骨料、水泥、片石、钢筋进行取样试验，并将试验结果报送监理工程师审批，拒绝不合格原材料、成品、半成品进场。用于本工程的所有建筑材料都必须符合设计要求和有关质量规定，并具有材质证明和合格证件。无材质证明的材料，必须在监理工程师的监督下补做材质试验，递交材质试验结果，经监理工程师批准后方可使用。主要工程材料、试验质量控制见图6-2。不合格不合格施工单位控制内容监理单位供货单位根据批准的设计文件及用料计划按品种、规格、数量、工期要求签定订购合同。随材料、设备运入工地的出厂合格证和按规定应补做的试验单、化验单。由监理工程师确认的试验室或监理委托的试验室对主要材料、构件、设备进行抽验。保管使用，并将有关出厂合格证、试（化）验单按规定纳入竣工文件存入档案。提供提供参加保管使用审核审核抽验检查确认按规定依法办理退货或索赔不合格合格合格合格andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 图6-2主要工程材料、试验质量控制框图（4）施工所使用的各种计量检测仪器、设备定期进行检查和鉴定，确保计量、试验、检测等器具的精度和准确度。（5）对所有影响工程质量的工程建筑材料负全面责任。对各种材料、器材、设备按规范进行检查，拒绝不符合要求的材料、器材、设备用于工程。（6）按照现行有关规范的规定，对现浇砼和路基基层压实度、基底压实度等进行取样试验，并将试验结果报送监理工程师审查。焊接材料试验严格按规定和设计要求进行。6.2工期保证措施为保证工期目标的实现，采取如下措施：6.2.1缩短施工准备期，尽早形成正常施工能力（1）andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 中标后我单位立即组织项目主要管理人员及其他有关人员五日内进入现场，进行详细的施工调查、积极开展复测、征地拆迁、三通一平和临时工程等施工准备工作，缩短施工准备期。（2）施工人员进入工地后若施工用电未能及时接通，即自备电源和内燃动力作为前期过渡。（3）组织好施工机械、设备和材料的调运，急用机械设备在一周之内进入施工现场，以满足施工的需要。6.2.2建立高效的施工组织机构和有效的管理制度（1）抽调有实践经验，又年富力强的干部和有施工经验、战斗力强的整建制施工队伍，按照工程的需要统一部署组建高效、精干的项目经理部及工区。（2）经理部领导参预施工前的各项工作，使施工班子尽快熟悉工程特点、业主要求和投标书内容，以便认真实现我方的工期承诺。（3）加强现场施工组织指挥，做到指挥正确、指挥得力、效率高、应变能力强。以项目经理和项目总工程师为首的管理体系，决策重大施工问题，确定重大施工方案，全面负责施工进度管理。（4）建立、健全岗位责任制，施工人员定岗定责，严格技术标准工艺措施、明确施工纪律，按设计要求施工。（5）深化改革、完善竞争机制和激励机制，实行全员风险承包，任务层层落实，把施工进度和职工个人的收益挂钩，兑现奖罚，充分调动全体职工的积极性。6.2.3加强施组的动态管理（1）精心安排施组，强化管理，在深入调查复核，熟悉并领会设计文件意图的基础上，编制实施性施工组织设计，认真贯彻实施，并在实践中不断优化。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 （2）抓施工的程序化作业、标准化施工，通过合理的组织与正确的施工方法，尽快形成生产能力，提高施工进度，保持稳产高产。（3）认真做好工程的统筹、网络计划工作，科学组织，合理安排、均衡生产。（4）牢牢抓住关键工序的管理与施工，控制工序作业时间，提高施工效率。（5）注重依靠科技和技术进步。采用新技术，新工艺。对施工技术难题，组织QC小组攻关，充分听取各方面的合理化建议和开展岗位技术创新活动，保证施工生产的顺利进行。（6）根据施工总进度的要求，分别编制年、季、月、旬施工生产计划，实施中对照检查，找差距，找原因，完善管理，促进施工。（7）在施工中用微机进行管理，用微机分析、处理施工数据，选用决策数学模型，结合有关资料和外部信息，用计算机做出决策，以实施施工管理的科学化。6.2.4提高机械化作业程度以提高施工进度（1）按施工方案中的作业线配备数量充足、机况完好、搭配合理的机械设备，承担本标段施工任务。（2）加强对施工设备管、用、养、修的动态管理，提高机械设备使用率，使机械设备安全、高效、低耗地运行。（3）建立一支技术精能吃苦的机械修理队伍，提高机械设备的完好率，保证各机械化作业线的正常作业。（4）认真按生产计划编制机械配件计划，超前定货加工，并备有足够的库存量，保证机械配件供应。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 6.2.5加强物资储备，保证物资供应（1）按生产计划编制材料供应计划，积极与业主和供货单位联系，超前定货加工，并备有足够的库存量，保证工程物资供应。（2）派专门的队伍对施工进场道路进行养护，保证物资运输车辆的畅通。（3）冬雨季施工中，要超前考虑季节影响，施工现场准备足够的物资和人员，将冬雨季对施工的影响降低到最低限度。6.2.6农忙季节的工作安排（1）我单位员工绝大部分都来自城市，基本上不存在农忙季节休的的情况，如有极少数员工需要回家参与农忙，项目部将会申请公司总部抽调精明强干的员工及时补充。（2）在当地的农忙季节，项目部会提前与业主和当地的有关部门取得联系，以便保证施工的顺利进行。7、冬雨季施工保证措施根据招标文件要求本合同段工期为600天（约20个月），施工跨越2个冬季和雨季，因此作好冬季、雨季的施工防范措施，保证优质工程，十分重要。7.1冬季施工措施7.1.1成立以项目经理为首的现场冬季施工领导小组，负责安排、检查冬施工作。7.1.2加强与气象部门联系，及时掌握天气变化，提前做好防寒准备。7.1.3组织参加冬季施工的工长、施工班组学习施工方案，以提高冬季施工的质量意识。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 7.1.4材料部门应按现场需要以及材料计划落实进场材料，冬施期间需要使用的保温材料应在开工前准备就绪。7.1.5对机械设备进行一次全面检查，及时更换防冻油液，防止受冻。对机械传动部位应及时检查，如有缺陷，及时维修、调整。7.1.6冬季砼施工：（1）对砼的技术要求①选择合适的配合比，按规范要求掺加外加剂，提高砼的抗冻能力。②拌制砼所采用的骨料应清洁，不得含有冰、雪、冻块及其他易冻裂物质。在掺用含有钾、钠离子的防冻剂砼中，不得采用活性骨料或在骨料中混有这类物质的材料；拌合设备在暖棚内拌合，拌合前用热水洗刷拌合机；拌合时，砂石骨料及水泥应保持在0℃以上，为保证砼具有施工要求的拌合温度，一般将水加热，加热水的方法，加热水使用的水箱或水池予以保温，使水达到规定的使用温度（通过热工计算的实际试拌结果确定），在加热水仍不能满足要求拌合温度时，再将砂石加热。③搅拌砼时，骨料中不得带有冰、雪及冻团，拌制时间应较常温时提高50%，拌制砼的最短应按表7-1控制。拌制砼的最短时间表表7-1砼坍落度（cm）搅拌机机型搅拌机容积（L）＜250250~650＞650≤3自落式135180225强制性90135180＞3自落式135135180强制式9090135④andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 配制与加入防冻剂，设专人负责并做好记录，严格按剂量要求掺入。使用液体外加剂时应随时测定溶液温度并根据温度变化用比重计测定溶液的浓度。当发现浓度有变化时，加强搅拌直至浓度保持均匀为止。（2）施工技术措施①砼在浇筑前，应清除模板和钢筋上的冰雪和污垢。运送砼时，尽可能缩短运输时间，砼罐车上加防寒棉套，确保砼入模时温度不低于+10℃。②砼浇筑时，其入模温度不低于5℃，在施工接缝砼时，在新砼浇筑前应加热使接合面的温度不低于5℃，确保新旧砼的接合缝质量符合要求。③砼浇筑后应在裸露砼表面采用帆布、盐棉被、防水草帘等防水材料覆盖。模板和保温层在砼达到要求强度并冷却到5°C后方可拆除。拆模时砼温度与环境差大于15°C时，拆模后的砼表面应及时覆盖进行保温，使其缓慢冷却。对边、棱角部位的保温厚度应增大到面部位的2～3倍。砼在养护期间应防风、防水，并派专人定时查看。④养护期间气温低于热工计算所依据的平均气温时，桩基和承台采用蓄热法养护，桥墩、台、墩盖梁等采用综合蓄热法养护，并对砼表面温度勤测量，不满足要求时，采取进一步的加温措施。⑤冬季测温：砼浇筑后的测温工作在冬季施工中是极其重要的环节，为施工中的重点，为保证工程质量，应做到以下几点：a.养护期间的测温工作：从砼入模开始至砼达到受冻临养强度，或砼温度降到0°C或设计温度前，至少每隔6h测一层。b.测温的准备工作：测温应指派专人负责，同时必须具备测温百页箱、温度计、标志旗、闹钟、手电筒、文件夹、测温记录表等有关工具。c.测温孔设置原则：冬期本工程主要进行承台、墩柱、桥台墩盖梁的施工，测温孔的布置一般应选择温度变化，容易散失热量，构件遭冻结的部位设置。孔厚为10～15cm，也可为板或墙厚的1/2。d.测温孔设置方法：andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 基础：每个基础的任一侧立面及平面各设3个测温孔，孔深10cm。墩柱：每个墩柱上、下各设一个测温孔，孔深10cm，测温孔与柱面成90°角。桥台：每个桥台上、中、下各设一层测温，孔深10cm，每层3个，共计9个测温孔。e.测温孔编号：绘制测温孔布置图，且将全部测温孔编号，便于施测和记录。f.测温方法：测温时按测温孔编号顺序进行，温度计插入测温孔后，堵塞住孔口，留在孔内3～5min，然后迅速从孔内取出，使温度计与视线水平，仔细读数，并记入测温计录表，同时将测温孔用保温材料原样覆盖好。做好原有的标志，便于下次施测。测温时仪表应采取与外界气温隔离措施，测温时，测温人员应同时检查覆盖情况，并了解结构物的浇注日期、要求温度、养护期限等。若发现砼温度有过高或过低现象，应及时通知有关人员，及时采取有效措施。测温的项目和次数见表7-2。测温概况表表7-2测温项目测温次数室外气温及环境温度每昼夜不少于4次，同时测最高、最低温度砼出罐、浇注、入模温度每一工作班不少于4次7.2雨季施工措施为保证雨期施工工程的内在和外观质量，应做好以下几点：（1）成立以项目经理为首的雨期施工领导小组，全面负责雨期工程施工技术、质量及安全工作，并负责编制雨季施工方案。（2andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 ）与气象部门取得联系，设专人收听天气预报，并做好详细记录，了解短期的天气情况和天气变化，以指挥施工。（3）工地预备足够的防雨物资及设备，如草袋、蓬布、大功率抽水机械等，并严禁挪用防雨物资和设备。作好遮盖防水工作，使任何应避水的材料、产品、半成品免于浸泡淋湿。材料场地作好排水，如：雨季作到水泥入库符合规定；钢筋加强遮盖，特别是已安装钢筋必须全范围覆盖，严防锈蚀，对锈蚀严重的钢筋除进行必要的除锈外，锈蚀严重的一律不准使用等等。（4）自备柴油发电机组，以保雨期出现突然停电时能满足排水的需要。（5）在路基两侧、明挖基坑及驻地四周设置排水沟，并定期检查排水管网及抽水设备的完好，提高快速反应能力。（6）雨天不安排浇筑砼施工，已浇筑砼未达到足够强度时，及时进行遮盖；砼施工时若遇暴雨，用蓬布将施工处全部覆盖，并按规范要求留施工缝。（7）雨季路基若填土被雨淋湿浸泡，先行晾晒压实或进行特殊处理后方可进行上层回填施工。为保证工程质量，发现填土含水量过大采用掺石灰或换填砂砾处理；严禁车辆或连绵雨天填筑非渗水路基。（8）大方量路基填、挖方尽量避开雨季汛期施工。雨季施工期间在路基两侧设临时排水沟，因地制宜采取边坡有效防护措施，做好路基边坡的防、排水施工，保护路基边坡的完好性、美观性。（9）桥梁下部结构施工尽量避开雨季。难以避让时应分段作好围堰，同时多备抽水设备，随时关注天气变化，严防汛期河滩涨水冲垮围堰和脚手架。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 （10）路基填方、桥梁基础、高填方深路堑等避开雨季施工；隧道洞口段在雨季到来之前完成，尤其是隧道进出口山体偏压地段必须做好仰坡坡顶截水沟，搞好坡面防护，防止雨季洞口坍塌。8、质量保证体系质量保证体系见图8-1。8.1质量组织机构（1）按由上而下顺序进行工程质量管理，建立完善的质量管理机构，贯彻执行ISO9002质量管理标准。（2）思想教育、劳动组织、施工技术、落实责任，将质量责任分解、落实到各部门。（3）建立质量管理机构项目经理部成立质量管理领导小组，项目经理为第一负责人，由项目部总工程师和生产副经理任副组长，成员由项目经理部质检工程师、试验工程师、工区主任、工区值班工程师、质检员等组成。进行日常质量管理，负责组织协调督促、检查和综合各部门各级质量活动并进行质量反馈。组织技术交流和落实，确保按计划保质保量完成任务，并进行图纸会审，编制施工计划，组织隐检、预验和验收。配合搞好工程控制测量和复测，保证施工测量精度。做好材料进场的验收和抽检，负责现场计量工作。供应合格材料及构件并提供质量证明，搞好材料的限额发放管理。实行以管好、用好、维修好机械设备为中心的质量责任制，做好设备检查鉴定，填好运行记录。依据质量状况，监督资金发放，有权不验不合格工程.。以“百年大计，质量为本”为中心开展教育活动。开展QC小组管理活动工程部定期开展有针对性的质量教育活动并组织考核每月底组织工程质量检查评比不定期进行质量评定分析会会。达到目的工程质量评定工程质量检验材料构件设备核检工序质量检验分部工程质量检验单位工程质量检验质量组施工组测量组试验组材料组设备组核算组组织保证制度保证工序质量保证质量检验施工保证宣教组质量领导小组成员：经理、总工程师、主管工程师、质检工程师、试验工程师质量保证体系andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 图8-1质量保证体系框图（4）落实专职质检人员经理部设专职质检工程师、工区设兼职质检员，保证施工作业始终在质检人员的严格监督下进行。质检工程师有质量否决权，发现违背施工程序，不按设计图、施工规范及技术交底施工，使用材料及半成品备不符合质量要求者，有权制止，必要时可下令停工，限期整改并有权进行处罚。8.2质量管理制度（1）建立以总工程师为首的技术责任制及技术复核制，使施工技术管理标准化、规范化、程序化。认真审查施工图纸，严格按照设计文件和图纸施工，彻底领会设计文件、施工规范和验收标准，施工人员严格掌握施工、质量检查及验收标准和工艺质量要求。（2）严格执行工程监理制度，各项工序自检合格后及时通知监理工程师检查、签认，隐蔽工程必须经监理工程师签认后方能施工。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 （3）制定实施性施工计划的同时，编制详细质量保证措施，没有质量保证措施不许开工。质量保证体系和措施不完善或没有落实的应停工整顿，达到要求后再继续施工。（4）建立质量奖罚制度，明确奖罚标准，做到奖罚分明，杜绝质量事故发生。（5）施工测量控制桩点坚持三级测量复核制，确保中线、水平及结构物尺寸位置正确。（6）建立抽检制，加强工程试验。建立各种试验台帐和施工记录，砼施工配合比需经监理工程师批准后使用。对工程使用的钢材、水泥、砂、石等原材料要进行认真检验，把好材料进货关，禁止使用不合格材料。（7）严格施工纪律，把好工序质量关，上道工序不合格不能进行下道工序的施工。严格按技术交底步骤施工，使施工作业程序化。9、安全保证体系9.1安全方针及目标安全方针：安全第一、预防为主，防治结合、综合治理。安全目标：实现“五杜绝，二控制，三消灭，一创建。”五杜绝：杜绝死亡事故，杜绝重伤事故，杜绝重大机械事故，杜绝重大交通事故，杜绝重大火灾事故。二控制：年重伤率控制在最小，年负伤率控制在最低。三消灭：消灭违章指挥，消灭违章作业，消灭惯性事故。一创建：创建安全文明标准工地。做到职工因工死亡指数为零，工伤事故频率控制在最低；机电设备、电器设备、小型机电检查率达100％；特种作业人员持证上岗率达100％。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 9.2安全组织机构安全组织机构见图9-1。项目经理项目副经理项目总工程师项目部安全委员会项目部安全检查工程师综合治理办公室主任施工工区主任项目部专职安全员综合治理管理员施工工区安全员班组安全员班组安全员图9-1安全保证组织机构9.3安全保证体系（1）安全保证体系安全保证体系见图9-2。安全方针：安全第一，预防为主。安全目标：杜绝死亡，重大交通事故，重大火灾事故。安全领导小组：经理、总工、副经理、各业务部门相关人员。安全责任制安全教育班组安全制度事故处理奖惩制度总结经验教训，以利今后提高1.新工人入路三级教育2.新工艺教育3.特殊工种培训4.技术交底教育5.领导干部安全教育1.班前安全讲话2.周一安全活动3.交接班制度4.三检制度5.制度上墙逐级上报1.经理部月评奖罚2.工区自评奖罚3.班组自评经理部安全小组检查施工中检查安全监督检查工区自检开工前检查andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 图9-2安全保证体系（2）认真贯彻执行党和国家的安全生产方针、政策，严格执行部颁有关施工规范和安全技术规则，对施工人员进行岗位前安全教育培训，树立安全第一，预防为主的思想。（3）建立以岗位责任制为中心的生产责任制，制度明确，责任到人，奖罚分明。（4）建立健全安全保证体系，全员参加，使安全工作制度化、经常化。贯穿施工全过程。项目经理为安全生产的第一责任人，生产副经理直接管安全。经理部设安监室并设置专职安监工程师，公司设专职安全工程师，工班设兼职安全员。（5）在编制施工计划同时，编制详细的安全操作规程、制度切实可行的安全技术措施。抓好“五同时”（即在计划、布置、检查、总结、评比生产的同时，计划布置、检查、总结、评比安全工作）和“三级教育”工作。（6）坚持各工种尤其特殊工种持证上岗。（7）进行定期或不定期的安全检查，及时发现和解决不安全隐患，杜绝违章作业和违章指挥。对重点作业场所，应悬挂警示标牌。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 （8）坚持每周一安全活动日的安全学习活动。严格执行交接班制度，坚持工前讲安全、工中检查安全、工后评比安全的“三工制”活动。（9）做好施工场地平面布置，合理安排场内临时设施，使场地内排水畅通，边坡稳固，施工便道符合安全技术标准要求并认真维护。根据工地情况，布置安全防护设施和统一的安全标志（牌）。（10）加强施工现场洞内外用电管理、照明、高压电力线路的架设顺直、标准，保证绝缘良好。各种施工机械和电气设备均设置漏电保护器，确保用电安全。线路架设高度和照明度必须符合标准，严防行走运行机械损坏电线路，出现伤亡事故。（11）各种吊运机具设备正式使用前必须组织试吊、试运行，经安监工程师确认合格后方可进行吊装作业。（12）爆破器材的运输、入库、发放、管理，定期进行帐物核对，严禁爆破器材的流失，并加强库房守卫工作。（13）桥墩台施工，要防高空坠落和物体打击事故，所有高空作业必须设置安全防护设施，工作人员应戴安全帽，拴好安全绳，严禁重叠作业。提升系统的各部位定人、定期检查，严格按操作规程操作。（14）隧道开挖设专职工程技术人员做好地质描述和超前地质预报，确保施工人员、设备的安全。（15）所有进洞人员必须戴安全帽。施工人员，尤钻暴工、喷射手和注浆作业人员，按规定戴好防护用品。（16）加强洞内通风与管理，安设低噪音的通风机减少洞内外的噪音污染。（17andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 ）工程机械和车辆应经常检查维修，对驾驶人员要经常进行安全意识教育和，严禁违章开车，各种车辆严格遵守交通规则，杜绝交通事故，确保行车安全。（18）全员加强防雷电、防火、防洪等防灾意识，建立防洪组织，配备消防设施，制订措施和管理制度，并落到实处。减少自然灾害造成损失。（19）油库、料库、炸药库等其它高大建筑，设置防雷设施，防止雷击。（20）施工现场设医务所，经理部设工地医院，出现紧急情况应做好现场急救和保护工作，现场备医疗急救车等做好一切急救准备。9.4施工安全保证措施9.4.1施工现场安全技术措施（1）项目开工前，编制实施性安全技术管理办法，经监理、业主审批同意后实施。（2）对开挖、初期支护、二次衬砌、运输、通风、大面积浇注砼、高空等作业编制专项安全技术措施，确保施工安全。（3）严格执行逐级安全技术交底制度，施工前由项目总工程师组织有关人员进行详细的安全技术交底，并履行签字手续备案待查，各施工队安全员组织对施工班组及具体操作人员进行安全技术交底。各级专职安全员对安全措施的执行情况进行督察，并作好记录。9.4.2施工机械安全保证措施（1）施工现场实施机械安全管理及安装验收制度，施工机械、机具和电气设备，在安装前按照安全技术标准进行检测，经检测合格后方可安装，经验收确认状况良好后方可运行。机械操作人员定期维护、保养机械，确保完好率和使用率，严禁带病工作。（2）车辆驾驶员和各类机械操作员，必须持证上岗，严禁无证操作。对驾驶员、机械操作人员应定期进行《安规》教育。严禁酒后驾驶车辆和操作机械，车辆严禁“三超”，禁止使用带“病”的车辆、机械和超负荷运转，并坚持“andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 三查一检”制。（3）机械设备在施工现场集中停放。严禁对运转中的机械设备进行检修、保养。机械作业的指挥人员，指挥信号必须准确，操作人员必须听从指挥，严禁违令作业。对机械设备、各种车辆定期检查，对查出的隐患按“三不放过”的原则进行处理，并制定防范措施，防止发生机械伤害事故。全部机械均应分别制定安全操作规程，并挂牌上墙。（4）施工用电按《施工现场临时用电安全技术规范》（GJ46-88）要求进行设计、检测。隧道施工照明线路电压在施工区域内不大于36V，成洞和施工区域以外地段可用220V，动力设备为380V。所有电力设备设专人检查维护，并设示警标志，操作洞内电气设备，要符合如下规定：①非专职电气操作人员，不得操作电气设备。②操作高压电气设备，戴绝缘手套，穿电工绝缘靴并站在绝缘板上。③手持式电气设备的操作手柄和工作中必须接触的部位，有良好绝缘，使用前进行绝缘检查。④低压电气设备加装触电保护。⑤电气设备有良好的接地保护，每班均由专人检查。⑥施工现场自备发电机，以防止突然停电造成安全事故。⑦所有施工用电线路均按施组要求分别定位悬挂，由值班电工负责检查管理。⑧洞内采用穿透能力强的新光源照明灯具，保证足够的照明度。⑨建立管道班对洞内管线路进行专业悬吊和维修管理，确保管路顺直、规范，通风管路顺直不漏风。⑩加强隧道内通风，掌子面通风良好，尘、毒含量达标，防止工人休克、晕倒现象发生。9.4.3隧道施工安全保证措施andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 （1）洞口刷坡作业必须设置安全防护设施，工作人员应戴安全帽，拴好安全绳，严禁重叠作业。（2）加强各类量测管理工作，搞好量测信息反馈，通过量测指导施工。（3）隧道开挖，采用光面爆破，严格按爆破设计和《爆破操作规程》施工，严格控制用药量，作好软岩的防坍，光爆成形，加强喷锚支护，按设计喷够厚度，锚够深度。（4）隧道开挖设专职工程技术人员做好地质描述和超前地质预报，确保施工人员、设备的安全。（5）浅埋段、软弱段、洞口段隧道开挖，严格按浅孔控制爆破方法和《爆破安全规程》操作施工。加强监测，根据监测和地质情况及时调整爆破参数，保证爆破安全，不良地质隧道施工，先治水、短开挖、弱爆破、强支护、早衬砌，稳步前进。（6）所有进洞人员必须戴安全帽。施工人员，尤其充电工、喷射手和注浆作业人员，按规定戴好防护用品。（7）加强锚杆的作用①锚杆作用力与锚杆的及时施作和作用有关，初期支护与锚杆及时施作，减小围岩松弛厚度，使锚杆作用在原状围岩的有效长度变长，从而增大摩擦力。②锚杆作用力的大小与锚杆体的密实饱满程度有关，锚杆体的密实饱满增大了锚固体与周边围岩的接触面积，从而提高了锚固力。9.4.4桥涵施工安全保证措施（1）桥涵项目开工前，编制实施性安全技术管理办法，经监理、业主审批同意后实施。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 （2）严格执行逐级安全技术交底制度，施工前由项目总工程师组织有关人员进行详细的安全技术交底，并履行签字手续备案待查，各施工队安全员组织对施工班组及具体操作人员进行安全技术交底。各级专职安全员对安全措施的执行情况进行督察，并作好记录。（3）施工现场实施机械安全管理及安装验收制度，施工机械、机具和电气设备，在安装前按照安全技术标准进行检测，经检测合格后方可安装，经验收确认状况良好后方可运行。机械操作人员定期维护、保养机械，确保完好率和使用率，严禁带病工作。（4）高空作业时要进行必要的防护措施。如挂安全网，系安全绳、安全带等。（5）起重作业应严格执行《建筑机械使用安全技术规程》和《建筑安装工人安全技术操作规程》中的有关规定和要求。（6）使用钢丝绳的机械，在运行中禁止工作人员跨越钢丝绳，用钢丝绳起吊、拖拉重物时，现场人员应远离作业半径，并对钢丝绳进行定期保养，检查更换。（7）施工用电按《施工现场临时用电安全技术规范》（GJ46-88）要求进行设计、检测。所有电力设备必须有专人检修和维护，并设置警示标志。9.4.5高边坡路堑开挖安全保证措施（1）高边坡路堑爆破开挖采用松动爆破，严格控制装药量，防止产生飞石。（2）爆破开挖时派专人警戒，及时通知现场人员撤离现场，并做好安全隐蔽防护措施。（3）路堑开挖时密切注意坡面的稳定，每天开工、收工前对坡面、坡顶附近进行检查发现有裂缝和塌方的迹象或有危石、危土时及时处理。（4）路堑开挖自上而下进行，严禁掏底开挖。（5）开挖工作与装、运作业面相互错开严禁上下重叠。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 （6）清理过程中，如发现有瞎炮、残药、雷管等及时报告，有爆破人员处理。9.5消防、保卫安全保证措施9.5.1消防安全制度及措施（1）消防工作实行“预防为主，防消结合”的方针。贯彻执行消防法规、规章和消防技术规范。建立防火值班、巡逻制度。（2）消防设施严格按施工平面图布置，现场要有明显的防火标志，任何人不得私自改动。（3）施工现场实行逐级防火责任制，设专职干部一名，全面负责消防安全工作。现场组织消防队，并建立值班、汇报、学习、训练制度。（4）使用电气设备符合技术规范和操作规程。安装电气设备，进行电气切割作业等，由合格的焊工、电工等专业技术人员操作。（5）施工材料的存放、保管符合防火安全要求，易燃、易爆材料专库储存。消防泵房用非燃材料建造，施工现场消防器材和设备不得埋压、圈占或挪作它用。9.5.2现场保卫措施（1）施工现场建立门卫和巡逻护场制度，设一个经济民警，佩戴值勤标志，负责安全保卫工作。（2）加强对临时工的管理，掌握人员数量，签订治安协议，非施工人员不得留宿现场，特殊情况经保卫工作负责人批准。（3）职工宿舍、材料库等易发案部位要指定专人管理，制定防范措施，防止发生盗窃案件。（4）施工现场发生的各类案件和灾害事故，要立即报告公安机关，并保护好现场，配合公安机关做好侦破工作。①andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 施工现场的布置符合防火、防爆、防雷电等安全规定和文明施工的要求，施工现场的生活办公用房、仓库、材料堆放场、停车场、修理场等按批准的总平面布置图进行布置。②房屋、库棚、料场等的消防安全距离符合《消防法》的规定。室内不得堆放易燃品；严禁在木材加工场、料库等处吸烟；现场的易燃杂物，随时清除，严禁在有火种的场所附近堆放。③加强干部、工人的防火意识，严禁在山上吸烟、生火，以防止发生火灾。10、环境保护措施10.1环保原则（1）严格遵守国家有关环境保护方面的法律、法规及浙江省有关环境保护的管理规定。（2）严格遵守《中华人民共和国环境噪声污染防治法》和《工业企业噪声卫生标准》，控制施工噪声；（3）控制粉尘、废气污染源，保护施工人员及周围村庄群众的健康；（4）做好施工废水处理，保护水资源，保护森林植被。10.2环境保护体系建立以项目经理负责制的环境保护体系（见图10-1）。法规指导、教育、控制制定制度监督教育贯彻、执行、控制控制、落实措施环境监督市环卫部门监督上级单位项目部例行检查管理层次环境管理项目部施工队作业班组管理手段环保教育环保法规学习统一思想、提高认识环保措施噪音控制水土保护尘埃控制环境卫生市环卫部门奖罚上级单位年评奖罚经理部月评奖罚工区自评奖罚奖罚制度andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 图10-1环境保护体系图10.3环境保护保证措施10.3.1控制噪音的措施（1）合理选用施工设备，噪音超标的设备尽量不用，必须使用的如空压机等，必须设消音设施，并置入隔音效果较好的房间内。（2）对有些工序能采用无噪音作业的一定要优先采用，尽可能做到低噪音作业，如不可避免要产生较大的噪音如爆破，应事先与周边居民进行沟通，以免造成不必要的心理恐慌。10.3.2控制大气污染的措施（1）产生超标尾烟的内燃机不允许进入场地或在现场停留。机械人员应保证定期进行检查（每天）、维护检查（每周）以及维修工作（每月及按要求），防止超标内燃尾烟排放。（2）爆破后排烟过程中必须进行洒水，以降低排入大气中的炮烟有毒气体的含量。10.3.3控制水污染的措施（1）施工废水须经现场废水处理系统处理合格后排放。（2）施工过程中产生含化学成分污水加强管理，防止其溢流渗入地下，污染地下水。（3）禁止排放施工油污，溢漏油污立即采取措施处理，缩小污染。（4）生活污水经处理后符合排放要求后排放。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 10.3.4控制粉尘的措施（1）施工场地全部进行硬化，防止扬尘。（2）对施工作业易产生灰尘或污染的工序要有专人负责，及时采取可行的措施，包括监理工程师认为有必要的洒水，必要时搭棚遮盖，以使施工作业产生的灰尘减至最低程度。（3）对能造成起灰的装货车辆应适当加固或盖上防止灰尘在空气中飞扬或溢飞到大地上。（4）对施工便道定期洒水，降低施工车辆过往时造成的灰尘在空气中飞扬。10.3.5保证环境卫生的措施（1）现场配兼职管理人员和保洁人员，落实责任制。（2）生活区设公用厕所，提供洗脸间和冲水厕所，应足够现场所有人员使用，并且设置化粪设备，生活污水和大小便经化粪池处理后，运至指定地点集中处理。（3）在场地内分片区布置垃圾箱，收集和排放来自食堂、办公区、仓库、盥洗室和施工区的生活垃圾，定期外运一次，以保证现场卫生清洁。10.3.6保护植被的措施（1）合理布置施工场地，生产、生活设施尽量布置在规定范围以内，施工尽量不破坏地表原有植被，保护自然环境。（2）工程竣工后，及时清理沟渠和道路上的堆积物，及时清除临时工程及废弃物，恢复原有植被，恢复原有地貌景观。做到施工一处，绿化一方。11、文明施工措施（1）严格遵守国家、浙江省有关文明施工的规定。在编制施工组织设计时，把文明施工列为主要内容之一，制定出以“andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 利于生产发展，维护环境卫生”为宗旨的文明施工措施，达到文明安全工地标准；（2）挂牌施工，画出施工现场总平面布置图，标明工程名称、施工单位、工期、工程主要负责人和监督电话，自觉接受社会监督；（3）结合本工程实际情况，成立以项目经理为组长的文明施工领导小组，落实文明施工现场责任区，制定相关规章制度，做到现场文明施工管理有章可循；（4）加强施工现场管理，严格按照有关部门审定批准的平面布置图进行场地建设。施工现场坚持做到工完料清，垃圾、杂物集中堆放整齐，并及时处理；坚持做到场地整洁、道路平顺畅通、排水畅通、标志醒目，使生产环境标准化。严禁施工废水乱排放，施工废水严格按照有关要求经沉淀处理后用于洒水降尘；（5）工程材料、制品构件、机具设备等分门别类、有条理地堆放整齐；机具设备定机、定人保养，并保持运行正常，机容整洁。同时在施工中严格按照审定的施工组织设计实施各道工序，做到工完料清，场地上无淤泥积水，施工道路平整畅通，以实现文明施工；（6）现场施工人员统一着装，一律佩戴胸卡和安全帽，遵守现场各项规章制度，非施工人员严禁进入施工现场；（7）加强内业资料的管理。在工程施工中，文明施工的主要内容之一是内业资料的管理，各种资料做到分类合理、齐全，字迹端正，内容详实，手续完整，存放有条有理；（8）加强施工现场的检查与监督，从严要求，持之以恒，使现场文明施工管理真正抓出成效。同时经常征求业主和施工监理工程师对文明施工的批评意见，及时采取整改措施，切实搞好文明施工；（9andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 ）路基弃方不得随意弃置，必须按照业主要求运至指定的弃碴场，运碴汽车不得落石掉碴，污染道路；（10）按照业主及主管部门的指示要求，同时认真听取驻地监理的意见，协调好各方关系，搞好安全生产和文明施工，争创安全文明标准工地。12、廉政建设措施（1）严格执行党和国家有关法律法规及交通部的有关规定。（2）执行公司关于廉政建设和反腐败工作的决议部署和工程实际确定规划和目标，适时作出工作部署，定期检查、分析、研究落实情况。（3）抓好员工的思想政治工作，保证思想建设、组织建设、作风建设有机结合、相互促进，共同发展。（4）建立领导干部成员收入登记卡，杜绝灰色收入。（5）设置廉政监督电话和信箱，对举报线索及时调查核实，并对举报人进行保密。（6）严格执行与业主签定的《廉政建设合同》。（7）不允许以任何理由向甲方及其工作人员行贿或馈赠礼金，有价证券、贵重礼品。（8）不允许以任何名义为甲方及其工作人员报销或由甲方或个人支付的任何费用。（9）不允许安排甲方工作人员、监理人员参加超标准宴请及娱乐活动。（10）不得购置或提供通讯工具、交通工具和高档办公用品给甲方或个人。（11）发现对方在业务活动中有违反廉政规定的，有及时提醒对方纠正的权利和义务。（12）发现有在业务活动中严重违规行为的应向上级有关部门反映，举报。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105 （13）对违反廉政建设的部门、个人，将按公司相关规定处理，严重者将追究法律责任。andmasonryonthecorneroffice,inprinciple.Staggered,two-storeybrickverticalseamson25mm.Halfabrickusedseparately.(3)infrontofthewall,firstinstallcounting,countingpolesmarkthebrickthicknessofmortarjointthickness,doorandwindowelements,suchasdeepposition,countingpolesstandonthecorner.Statelevelwhencopyingflat,floorelevationsinleatherbardesignelevationposition.(4)whenbricksfirstalignment,masonrybricksaccordingtoguidelines.Apartfromhalfabrickwall,anddouble,tobettercontrolthewallflatness.(5)whenbuilt,the"31"masonrymethod,thatis,"anashshovel,brick,kneadandknead"methodofoperation.Verticalrollmethodisused.Verticalseamsofthemortarasfullaspossible,ventilationarenotallowed.Brickwallsofhorizontalmortarjointthicknessandverticalmortarjointwidthcontrolinthe8~12mmrange.Horizontalmortarjointmortarfullsizemustbegreaterthan80%.(6)fromcornerorpositioningatbegan,bothinsideandoutsidewallwhilemasonry,aspectwallstaggeredtakereceived;outsidewallcorneratisstrictlyprohibitedleftstraightrub,shouldbefromtwoaaspectswhilemasonry;wallbodytemporarycontinuousatshouldmasonryintoobliqueCha,obliqueChalengthnotshouldislessthanheightof2/3(Generalbyastepscaffoldingheightcontrol);asleftobliqueChahasdifficult,exceptwallcorneratandtheseismicfortificationarea,wallbodytemporarycontinuousatnotshouldleftstraightChaoutside,canfromwallsurfaceout200mmmasonryintoyinandYangCha,andalongwallhigheachthreeskinblock(600mm),Atiebarorsteelmesh.Chasiteshouldbedeferredtothejambs.(7)thebrickwallsandcolumnsper50cmsettingφ6thruwallshouldertiebar,halfbrickwallsmustbesetone,andatleastnotlessthan2,extendingintothebrickwallnotlessthan1M.(8)topsurfaceofcontactwiththeupperbeamoftheframefill,usingbrickskewtunneljam.(9)thewidthislessthan1Mwindowwall,usewholebricks.(10)reserveconstructionofholeinthewallwidthislessthan1M,andalongtheheightφ6@500allow2tiebar.8.6measures(1)strictlyaccordingtothenational,industry...Pressurepipeandthemetalstructureinstallation9.1mainengineering9-105